महालेखापरीक्षकको छपन्नौं वार्षिक प्रतिवेदन min PDF

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Serving the Nation and the People
(Vision)
hglxtsfnflu hjfkmb]lxtf, kf/blz{tf / lgi7f k|j4{g ug]{ ljZj;gLo
;+:yf x'g k|oTgzLn /xg] .
(We strive to be a credible institution in promoting accountability,
transparency and integrity for the benefit of the people)
(Mission)
;/f ] s f / jf n f n f O{ ;f j{ hl g s s f ] i f s f ] b I f tf k" 0 f { p ko f ] u
;DaGwdf cfZj:t kfg{ :jtGq Pj+ u'0f:t/Lo n]vfk/LIf0f ;]jf k|bfg
ug]{ .
(Provide independent and quality audit service to assure our
stakeholders that the public funds are efficiently used)
(Core Values)
lgi7f (Integrity)
:jtGqtf (Independence)
Jofj;flostf (Professionalism)
kf/blz{tf (Transparency)
hjfkmb]lxtf (Accountability)
n]vfk/LIf0fsf] p2]Zo, If]q / k¢lt
1. ;+j}wflgs tyf sfg'gL Joj:yf – g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @$) df /fi6«kltaf6 ;+j}wflgs
kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm x'g] Joj:yf 5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @$! -!_ df
/fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf] sfof{no, ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+3Lo ;+;b, k|b]z ;ef, k|b]z ;/sf/, :yfgLo
tx, ;+j}wflgs lgsfo jf ;f]sf] sfof{no, cbfnt, dxfGofolwjQmfsf] sfof{no / g]kfnL ;]gf,
g]kfn k|x/L jf ;z:q k|x/L an g]kfnnufotsf ;a} ;+3Lo / k|b]z ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] n]vf
sfg'gadf]lhd lgoldttf, ldtJolotf, sfo{bIftf, k|efjsfl/tf / cf}lrTo;d]tsf] ljrf/ u/L
dxfn]vfk/LIfsaf6 n]vfk/LIf0f x'g] Joj:yf 5 . To;}u/L ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @$!-@_ adf]lhd %)
k|ltzteGbf a9L ;]o/ jf hfoh]yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/ jf k|b]z ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj ePsf] ;+ul7t
;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIf0fsf nflu n]vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm ubf{ dxfn]vfk/LIfs;Fu k/fdz{ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5
. n]vfk/LIf0f P]g, @)&% sf] bkmf # cg';f/ ;/sf/L sfof{no, g]kfn ;/sf/ jf k|b]z ;/sf/ jf
:yfgLo txsf] k"0f{ :jfldTj ePsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yf, dxfn]vfk/LIfsaf6 n]vfk/LIf0f x'g] egL ;+3Lo
sfg'gåf/f tf]lsPsf ;+:yf jf lgsfosf] n]vfk/LIf0f dxfn]vfk/LIfsaf6 x'g] Joj:yf 5 .
;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @($-!_ adf]lhd dxfn]vfk/LIfsn] u/]sf] sfdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg
/fi6«klt ;dIf tyf wf/f @($-#_ adf]lhd k|b]zsf] sfd sf/afxL ;DaGwdf cnu cnu jflif{s
k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L k|b]z k|d'v ;dIf k]; ug]{ ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf 5 . To;}u/L n]vfk/LIf0f P]g,
@)&% sf] bkmf @)-@_ df k|To]s ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfsf] cnu cnu n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg
hf/L ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .
2. p2]Zo – ;fj{hlgs ;|f]tsf] k|flKt / pkof]u tyf ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfxsf] ;DaGwdf lgoldttf,
ldtJolotf, sfo{bIftf, k|efjsfl/tf / cf}lrTosf] cfwf/df n]vfk/LIf0f u/L plrt lgisif{ /
;'emfj k|bfg ug'{ tyf ljQLo k|ltj]bgpk/ cfZj:ttf k|bfg ug'{ n]vfk/LIf0fsf] k|d'v p2]Zo /x]sf]
5 eg] cGo ;xfos p2]Zox? b]xfocg';f/sf ljifodf d"NofÍg ljZn]if0f u/L k|ltj]bg ug]{ /x]sf
5g\M
• ;+3Lo, k|b]z / :yfgLo ;l~rt sf]ifsf] lx;fa oyfy{k/s /x]sf],
• cfly{s ljj/0f tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf tof/ eO{ sf/f]af/sf] oyfy{ lrq0f u/]sf],
• ljlgof]hg P]g adf]lhd :jLs[t ;Ldf leq /xL tf]s]sf] sfo{ / k|of]hgdf vr{ u/]sf],
• /fh:jnufot ;d:t cfDbfgL / w/f}6L c;'nL tyf bflvnf u/]sf],
• ;/sf/L ;DklQsf] clen]v, ;'k|aGw / ;+/If0fsf] kof{Kt Joj:yf u/]sf],
• gubL lhG;L tyf ;/sf/L ;DklQ Pj+ ;|f]tsf] xfgL gf]S;fgL / b'?kof]u x'g gkfpg] u/L
cfGtl/s lgoGq0f Joj:yf u/]sf],
• cfly{s sf/f]af/ ubf{ k|rlnt P]g sfg'gsf] kl/kfngf u/]sf] Pj+ k'i6\ofOF ug]{ oy]i6 k|df0f
/fv]sf],
• :jLs[t sfo{qmdcg';f/ lgwf{l/t ;doleq nIo / pknlAw xfl;n u/]sf],
• ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] tf]lsPadf]lhd ljsf; lgdf{0f / ;]jf k|jfx u/]sf],
• p2]Zo, gLlt, sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog / pknlAw xfl;n u/]sf],
• ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] hjfkmb]lxtf jxg u/]sf],
3. If]q / ljlw – of] jif{ ;+j}wflgs cË, ;+3Lo / k|b]zsf ;a} ;/sf/L sfof{no, :yfgLo tx, ;+ul7t
;+:yf, ;ldlt, af]8{, sf]if, k|flws/0f / ljZjljBfno;d]t sfg'gn] n]vfk/LIf0f ug'{kg]{ u/L tf]s]s]f
;+:yfsf] cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% sf] cfly{s sf/f]af/ / k]; eP;Dd aSof}tf sf/f]af/nfO{
n]vfk/LIf0fsf] If]qdf ;d]l6Psf] 5 . of] jif{ ljQLo tyf lgoldttf, sfo{d"ns, jftfj/0fLo, lbuf]
ljsf;nufot ;"rgf k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t Pj+ ljz]if n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ k|lqmofd"ns tyf glthfd"ns
ljlw cjnDag ul/Psf] 5 . n]vfk/LIf0fsf] qmddf ljsf; lgdf{0f, ;fj{hlgs vl/b, cfGtl/s
lgoGq0f, /fh:j k|zf;g / ;]jf k|jfxsf] ;DaGwdf ljQLo hjfkmb]lxtf l:ylt d"NofÍg ug]{
Joj:yf cjnDag ul/Psf] 5 .
1. k¢lt – n]vfk/LIf0f P]g, @)&% df plNnlvt Joj:yf, n]vfk/LIf0fsf cfwf/e"t l;åfGt, dfGotf,
;/sf/L n]vfk/LIf0f dfgb08, n]vfk/LIf0f dfu{bz{g / cGt/f{li6«o c;n cEof;sf] cg'z/0f u/L
n]vfk/LIf0f of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog, k|ltj]bg / cg'udg;d]t $ r/0fdf n]vfk/LIf0f sfo{
;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . hf]lvd d"NofÍg kZrft\ klxrfg ePsf ljifosf] ;Gbe{df k/LIf0f Pj+
ljZn]if0f u/L ;fGble{s / kof{Kt k|df0f ;Íng ug{ cfjZostfcg';f/ gd'gf 5gf}6 u/L
lgoGq0fsf] k/LIf0f, ;f/e"t ljZn]if0ffTds sfo{ljlw / lj:t[t k/LIf0f sfo{ljlw cjnDag u/L
n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} sfo{d"ns n]vfk/LIf0fdf gful/s ;dfh ;d]tsf] ;xeflutf
u/fOPsf] 5 .
;DdfggLo /fi6«kltHo", ;DdfggLo k|wfdGqLHo", ;DdfggLo k|wfgGofowLzHo", ;+3Lo ;+;b
k|ltlglw ;efsf ;DdfggLo ;efd'vHo", /fli6«o ;efsf ;DdfggLo cWoIfHo" nufotsf
kbflwsf/Lx?;Fu 5nkmn u/L k|fKt ;'emfjnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL n]vfk/LIf0fsf] of]hgf th'{df /
sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L n]vfk/LIf0fsf qmddf & j6} k|b]zsf dfggLo k|b]z k|d'vHo"x?,
dfggLo d'VodGqL tyf dGqLHo"x?, k|b]z;efsf dfggLo ;efd'v / pk–;efd'vHo"x? tyf k|b]z
;efsf dfggLo ;b:oHo"x? nufot ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf n]vfpQ/bfoL clws[t, sfof{no
k|d'v tyf n]vf k|d'v, ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgsf kbflwsf/L ;d]t;Fu 5nkmn ul/Psf] 5 .
n]vfk/LIf0fsf] u'0f:t/ clej[l¢ ug{ pRr txaf6 ;'kl/j]If0f, :ynut lg/LIf0f,
n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg kmfOn tyf k|ltj]bgsf] k'g/fjnf]sg / 5gf}6 ePsf n]vfk/LIf0f kmfOnsf]
u'0f:t/ k'g/fjnf]sg ;d]t ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . o;} u/L k|fljlws nufotsf ljifodf /fo k|bfg ug{
n]vfk/LIf0f ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf]] / ljleGg If]qsf ljifo ljz]if1 lgo'lQm u/L
n]vfk/LIf0fdf ;+nUg u/fOPsf] 5 .
2. jflif{s k|ltj]bg – dxfn]vfk/LIfsn] cfkm"n] u/]sf] sfd sf/afxLsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L
/fi6«klt ;dIf k]; ug'{kg]{ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @($ df Joj:yf ePadf]lhd of] k|ltj]bg tof/
ul/Psf] 5 . o; k|ltj]bgdf % kl/R5]b tyf @$ cg';"rL /x]sf 5g\ . kl/R5]b ! df n]vfk/LIf0f
u/LPsf lgsfosf] ljj/0f, kl/R5]b @ df n]vfk/LIf0fjf6 b]lvPsf a]?h'sf] l:ylt, kl/R5]b # df
n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf ;du| Joxf]/f, kl/R5]b $ df n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgsf] sfof{Gjog l:ylt /
kl/R5]b % df eljiodf ug'{kg]{ ;'wf/ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} aflif{s k|ltj]bgsf d'Vo ljifo
;dfj]z u/L ;f/f+z ;d]t tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
ljifo–;"rL
kl/R5]b zLif{s k[i7
dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] egfO
n]vfk/LIf0fsf] p2]Zo, If]q / k4lt
kl/R5]b !M n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf lgsfosf] ljj/0f 1
kl/R5]b @M n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf a]?h"sf] l:ylt 5
kl/R5]b #M n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf ;du| Joxf]/f 9
v08 – !M ;+3Lo dGqfno tyf lgsfo
1. ;+3Lo ;+;b ;lrjfno =========================================================================== 13
2. ;jf]{Rr cbfnt ===================================================================================== 14
3. clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u ========================================================== 16
4. dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{no ====================================================================== 17
5. nf]s ;]jf cfof]u =================================================================================== 19
6. lgjf{rg cfof]u ===================================================================================== 20
7. /fli6«o dfjg clwsf/ cfof]u =================================================================== 27
8. dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{no ===================================================================== 28
9. k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ====================================================== 29
10. cy{ dGqfno ========================================================================================= 52
11. pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfno ======================================================== 134
12. pmhf{, hn;|f]t tyf l;FrfO dGqfno ========================================================== 147
13. sfg'g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo dfldnf dGqfno ================================================= 171
14. s[lif tyf kz'kG5L ljsf; dGqfno =========================================================== 172
15. vfg]kfgL dGqfno ================================================================================== 192
16. u[x dGqfno ========================================================================================= 207
17. k//fi6\ dGqfno ===================================================================================== 215
18. e"ld Joj:yf, ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f dGqfno ====================================== 223
19. ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfno ======================================================= 238
20. dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf Ho]i7 gful/s dGqfno ========================================== 276
21. o'jf tyf v]ns'b dGqfno ======================================================================= 284
22. /Iff dGqfno ======================================================================================== 293
23. jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno ===================================================================== 301
24. zx/L ljsf; dGqfno ============================================================================= 316
25. lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno ============================================================= 326
26. >d, /f]huf/ tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff dGqfno ================================================ 353
27. ;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno ============================================ 358
28. ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno ============================================== 376
29. ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfno ============================================================ 388
30. :jf:yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno ================================================================= 401
31. /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u ============================================================================= 435
v08 – @M k|b]z dGqfno tyf lgsfo 439
v08 – #M :yfgLo tx 451
kl/R5]b $M n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgsf] sfof{Gjog l:ylt 473
kl/R5]b %M eljiodf ug'{kg]{ ;'wf/ 475
cg';"rLx? 491
kl/R5]b — !
n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf lgsfosf] ljj/0f
• ;dli6ut n]vfk/LIf0f
n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf lgsfo / ljifo ;+Vof /sd -?= s/f]8df_
-s_ ljQLo n]vfk/LIf0f
!= ;+3Lo dGqfno tyf lgsfo 4841 200884
@= k|b]z dGqfno tyf lgsfo 68 262
#= :yfgLo tx 747 57151
$= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt 76 14445
%= ;ldlt / cGo ;+:yf 785 10927
^= ;+ul7t ;+:yf 99 232423
-v_ sfo{d"ns n]vfk/LIf0f 22 0
-u_ ;"rgf k|ljlw n]vfk/LIf0f 3 0
-3_ jftfj/0fLo n]vfk/LIf0f 1 0
-F_ ljz]if n]vfk/LIf0f 2 0
hDdf 6644 516092
of] jif{ $ xhf/ *$! ;+3Lo dGqfno tyf lgsfosf] ?=@) va{ * ca{ *$ s/f]8, k|b]z dGqfno tyf
lgsfo ^*, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt &^, :yfgLo tx &%# dWo] &$&, ljZjljBfno, ;ldlt, ;+:yf, k|lti7fgnufot
**$ lgsfosf] ?=#! vj{ %@ cj{ * s/f]8;d]t ?=%! vj{ ^) cj{ (@ s/f]8sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 .
ljQLo n]vfk/LIf0fsf] cltl/Qm @@ ljifosf] sfo{d"ns, # ljifosf] ;"rgf k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t, ! ljifosf] jftfj/0fLo
tyf @ ljifosf] ljz]if n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] 5 . n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf sfof{nox?sf] ljj/0f cg';"rL !, !s, !v, @, $
/ !$ df pNn]v 5 .
1 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] 5kGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&%

kl/R5]b !M n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf lgsfosf] ljj/0f
1. ;+3Lo dGqfno tyf lgsfo — of] jif{ $ xhf/ *$! ;+3Lo ;/sf/L lgsfosf]] ljlgof]hg//fh:j/w/f}6L
/ cGotkm{ lgDgfg';f/ n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5M
-?=s/f]8df_
n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg
qm=;+= sf/f]af/
@)&$.&% sf] /sd aSof}tf hDdf
!= ljlgof]hg lgsf;f 87462 0 87462
@= /fh:j c;'nL 72297 0 72297
#= w/f}6L cfDbfgL 4481 0 4481
$= cGo sf/f]af/ 36644 0 36644
hDdf 200884 0 200884
n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg lgsfosf] ljj/0f cg';"rL ! df / n]vfk/LIf0f /sdsf] ljj/0f cg';"rL @
df pNn]v 5 . ut jif{ ;+3Lo ;/sf/L sfof{notkm{ ?=# ca{ #* s/f]8 n]vfk/LIf0f aSof}tf /x]sf]df
of] jif{ s'g} sfof{non] klg n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf 5}gg\ .
2. k|b]z dGqfno tyf lgsfo – of] jif{ ;ft k|b]z cGt{ut ^* lgsfosf] ?=@ cj{ ^@ s/f]8sf]
n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . o; ;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL—!$ df 5 . k|b]z txsf] n]vfk/LIf0fdf
b]lvPsf k|d'v Joxf]/f kl/R5]b # v08 @ df ;dfj]z 5 .
3. :yfgLo tx — of] jif{ dxfgu/kflnsf ^, pkdxfgu/kflnsf !!, gu/kflnsf @&^ / ufpFkflnsf $%$
;d]t &$& :yfgLo txsf] ?=% va{ &! ca{ %! s/f]8sf]] n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f
cg';"rL—!$ df 5 . :yfgLo txsf] n]vfk/LIf0fdf b]lvPsf k|d'v Joxf]/f kl/R5]b # v08 @ df
;dfj]z 5 .
4. lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt — of] jif{ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt &^ sf] ?=! va{ $$ ca{ $% s/f]8sf]]
n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"rL—!$ df 5 .
5. ;ldlt / cGo ;+:yf — of] jif{ &*% ;ldlt / cGo ;+:yfsf] ?=! va{ ( ca{ @& s/f]8sf]] n]vfk/LIf0f
ul/Psf] 5 . ;ldltx?sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"rL !s, $, %, ^ / & df / n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf
k|d'v Joxf]/f kl/R5]b # sf] dGqfno v08df ;dfj]z 5 .
6. ;+ul7t ;+:yf — of] jif{ ;+ul7t ;+:yftkm{ (( OsfO{sf] ?=@# va{ @$ ca{ @# s/f]8sf]] n]vfk/LIf0f
ul/Psf] 5 . lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"rL—!s, $, %, ^ / & df / n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf k|d'v Joxf]/f
kl/R5]b— # sf] dGqfno v08df ;dfj]z 5 . ;f]sf] cltl/Qm #) ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIf0fsf] k/fdz{
dfk{mt ?=& va{ #( ca{ *) s/f]8sf] n]vfk/LIf0f u/fOPsf] 5 .
7. sfo{d"ns n]vfk/LIf0f — of] jif{ @@ ljifosf] sfo{d"ns n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] 5 . n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf
ljifosf] ljj/0f cg';"rL !v df / n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf k|d'v Joxf]/f kl/R5]b # sf] dGqfno
v08df ;dfj]z 5 .
8. ;"rgf k|ljlw n]vfk/LIf0f — of] jif{ # ljifodf ;"rgf k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] 5 .
n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf ljifosf] ljj/0f cg';"rL !v df / n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf k|d'v Joxf]/f kl/R5]b
# sf] dGqfno v08df ;dfj]z 5 .
9. jftfj/0fLo n]vfk/LIf0f — of] jif{ ! ljifodf jftfj/0fLo n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] 5 . n]vfk/LIf0f
ul/Psf ljifosf] ljj/0f cg';"rL !v df / n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf k|d'v Joxf]/f kl/R5]b # sf]
dGqfno v08df ;dfj]z 5 .
10. ljz]if n]vfk/LIf0f – of] jif @ ljifodf ljz]if n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] 5 . n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf ljifosf]
ljj/0f cg';"rL !v df / n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf k|d'v Joxf]/f kl/R5]b # sf] dGqfno v08df
;dfj]z 5 .

11. n]vfk/LIf0f sfo{ljlw — of] jif{ ;+3Lo ;/sf/L sfof{no, ;ldlt, k|lti7fg, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx tyf
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ hf]lvd ljZn]if0f ;lxt ;fgf sfof{nosf] nflu tf]lsPsf]
k/LIf0f ;"rL k|of]u u/L n]vfk/LIf0f 6'+UofOPsf] 5 . hf]lvdo'St sfof{nosf] nflu lj:t[t n]vfk/LIf0f
sfo{ljlw cjnDag u/L ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . sfo{d"ns n]vfk/LIf0fsf qmddf glthfd"ns k4lt
cjndag ul/Psf] 5 eg] :ynut cjnf]sg;lxt gful/s ;dfh, nfeu|fxL ;d"x nufot
;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;d]t 5nkmn tyf cGt/lqmofdf ;xefuL u/fO{ k|fKt ;"rgf;d]tsf] ljZn]if0f u/L
k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
• ;/sf/L ah]6 / /fh:jsf] sfof{Gjog l:ylt

12. ;/sf/L ah]6 tyf vr{ — dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ @)&@.&# / @)&#.&$
sf] oyfy{ vr{ tyf @)&$.&% sf] ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf] If]qut ah]6 cg'dfg / oyfy{ vr{ lgDgfg';f/ 5M
-?= nfvdf_
@)&@.&# sf] @)&#.&$ sf] @)&$.&% sf]
zLif{s/If]q oyfy{ vr{ oyfy{ vr{ ah]6 cg'dfg oyfy{ vr{ k|ltzt
rfn' vr{ 3712949 5186162 8035315 6969196 86.73
k'h
F Lut vr{ 1232514 2087483 3351760 2707137 80.77
ljQLo Joj:yf -;fFjf Aofh e'QmfgL_ 1064670 1098833 1402874 1170488 83.44
hDdf 6010133 8372478 12789949 10846821 84.81
;fdfGo ;fj{hlgs ;]jf 1724813 2096855 4991484 4036281 80.86
/Iff 350994 431155 449559 480067 106.79
;fj{hlgs zflGt ;'/Iff 347947 569915 506290 539213 106.50
cfly{s dfldnf 1753024 2812887 4546031 3889299 85.55
jftfj/0f ;+/If0f 117434 63525 151390 135127 89.26
cfjf; tyf ;fd'bflos ;'ljwf 228084 410305 630625 509138 80.74
:jf:Yo 340090 453575 410899 359211 87.42
;+:s[lt / wd{ 39666 64866 59720 52651 88.16
lzIff 906895 1085901 651357 450190 69.12
;fdflhs ;'/Iff 201186 383494 392594 395644 100.78
hDdf 6010133 8372478 12789949 10846821 84.81
13. vr{sf] l:ylt — dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ of] jif{sf] s'n rfn' / k'FhLut
vr{dWo] /sdsf] cfwf/df a9L vr{ ug]{ ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf kfFr dGqfno / cGosf] vr{sf] ljj/0f
lgDgfg';f/ 5M
[?- nfvdf{
rfn' vr{ k'FhLut vr{
s'n rfn' s'n k"FhLut
qm=;+= dGqfno /sd vr{sf] qm=;+= dGqfno /sd vr{sf]
k|ltzt k|ltzt
1 k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no 964206 13.84 1 ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft 960121 35.47
2 u[x dGqfno 588022 8.44 2 phf{, hn;|f]t tyf l;+rfO{ 534620 19.75
3 lzIff dGqfno 458480 6.58 3 k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no 238515 8.81
4 ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno 428643 6.15 4 zx/L ljsf; 208289 7.69
5 /Iff dGqfno 423006 6.07 5 vfg]kfgL 186620 6.89
6 cGo 4106838 58.92 6 cGo 578972 21.39
hDdf 6969195 100 hDdf 2707137 100.00
rfn' / k'FhLut vr{ afx]s ljQLo vr{ ?=! va{ !& ca{ % s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 .
14. ;|f]tut vr{ — dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf] @)&@.&# /
@)&#.&$ sf] oyfy{ vr{ tyf @)&$.&% sf]] cg'dfg / oyfy{ vr{sf] ;|f]tut ljj/0f lgDgfg';f/ 5M

[?-nfvdf{
@)&@.&# sf] oyfy{ @)&#.&$ sf] oyfy{ @)&$.&% sf] ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf j[l4
;|f]t
vr{ vr{ cg'dfg oyfy+ vr+ k|ltzt
g]kfn ;/sf/ 5282433 7374063 9927918 9557592 29.61
j}b]lzs cg'bfg 395418 408193 721677 393187 -3.68
j}b]lzs C0f 332283 590222 2140354 896042 51.81
hDdf 6010134 8372478 12789949 10846821 29.55
14.1. of] jif{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;|f]ttk{m ?=( va{ %% ca{ &^ s/f]8 vr{dWo] /fh:jaf6 ?=& va{ *@ ca{ #(
s/f]8 -*!=*^ k|ltzt_ Joxf]/s ] f] 5 .
14.2. of] jif{ rfn'tkm{ ?=^ va{ (^ ca{ (@ s/f]8 vr{dWo] ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ ePsf] vr{ ?=!^ ca{
#& s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . of] /sddf ax'kIfLo / lAkIfLo C0fsf] Aofh e'QmfgL ?=!^ ca{ @$ s/f]8 ;d]t
;dfj]z 5 .
14.3. of] jif{ j}b]lzs cg'bfgtkm{ @% lgsfocGtu{t ?=&@ ca{ !& s/f]8 k|fKt x'g] cg'dfg ePsf]df ?=#(
ca{ #@ s/f]8 k|fKt ePsf] / j}b]lzs C0ftkm{ !& lgsfocGtu{t ?=@ va{ !$ ca{ $ s/f]8 k|fKt x'g]
cg'dfg ePsf]df ?=*( ca{ ^) s/f]8 k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
15. /fh:j c;'nL — dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf] /fh:jsf]
;|f]tcg';f/ @)&@.&# / @)&#.&$ sf] oyfy{ c;'nL tyf @)&$.&% sf] cg'dfg / oyfy{ c;'nLsf]
l:ylt lgDgfg';f/ 5M
[?- nfvdf{
@)&@.&# sf] @)&#.&$ sf] @)&$.&% sf]
ljj/0f
oyfy{ c;'nL oyfy{ c;'nL cg'dfg c;'nL k|ltzt
s'n /fh:j 4989165 6154684 7450556 7823914 105.01
!= s/ /fh:j 4210966 5538016 6662046 6594915 98.99
@= u}/s/ /fh:j -ut jif{sf] gub df}Hbft tyf a]?h";d]t_ 641259 587266 638510 672261 105.29
#= ;fFjf lkmtf{ 136940 29402 150000 556738 371.16
utjif{sf] t'ngfdf of] jif{ /fh:j c;'nL @&=!@ k|ltztn] a9]sf]] b]lvG5 . @)&$.&% sf]
c;'nLdf ut jif{sf] gub df}Hbft tyf a]?h"af6 bflvnf ePsf] ?=% ca{ %@ s/f]8 @$ Nffv ;dfj]z
5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL !# df pNn]v 5 . /fh:j c;'nL ;DaGwdf n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf
k|d'v Joxf]/f kl/R5]b—# sf] dGqfno v08df ;dfj]z 5 .

kl/R5]b — @
n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf a]?h"sf] l:ylt
1. a]?h" – cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf @-b_ df k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd k'¥ofpg'kg]{ /Lt gk'¥ofO{
sf/f]af/ u/]sf] jf /fVg'kg]{ n]vf g/fv]sf] tyf clgoldt jf a]dgfl;a tl/sfn] cfly{s sf/f]af/ u/]sf]
egL n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ cf}FNofOPsf] jf 7x¥ofPsf] sf/f]af/nfO{ a]?h"sf] ?kdf kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 .
cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% n] a]?h"nfO{ c;'n ug'{kg{], lgoldt ug'{kg]{ / k]:sL u/L # ju{df
juL{s/0f u/]sf] 5 . o; sfof{non] a]?h" juL{s/0f ubf{ c;'n ug'{kg]{ a]?h"df lxgfldgf / d:of}6,
xflg gf]S;fgL / cGo c;'n ug'{kg]{ u/L # ;d"xdf, lgoldt ug'{kg]{ a]?h"nfO{ clgoldt ePsf], k|df0f
sfuhft k]; gePsf], lhDd]jf/L g;f/]sf] / zf]wegf{ glnPsf] u/L $ ;d"xdf / k]:sLnfO{ sd{rf/L,
df]lanfOh];g, k|tLtkq / ;+:yfut k]:sL u/L $ ;d"xdf juL{s/0f u/]sf] 5 .
of] jif{ ;+3Lo ;/sf/L sfof{no, k|b]z ;/sf/L sfof{no, :yfgLo tx, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt,
cGo ;ldlt / ;+:yftkm{ n]vfk/LIf0faf6 cf}FNofOPsf] a]?h" ?=! vj{ $! cj{ % s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . ;f]
a]?h" cÍsf] juL{s/0f lgDgfg';f/ 5M
-?= nfvdf_
;+3Lo ;/sf/L k|b]z ;/sf/L :yfgLo ;ldlt/cGo ;+:yf / s'n a]?h"sf]
juL{s/0f lhNnf ;dGjo hDdf
sfof{no sfof{no tx k|ltzt
;ldlt
!= c;'n ug'{kg]{ 320352 211 27216 6979 354758 25.15
@= lgoldt ug'{kg]{ 292542 663 148160 75568 516933 36.65
• clgoldt ePsf] 66738 296 63254 20464 150752 10.69
• k|df0f sfuhft k]; 215253 367 84244 54991 354855 25.16
gePsf]
• lhDd]jf/L g;f/]sf] 0 0 417 5 422 0.03
• zf]wegf{ glnPsf] 10551 0 245 108 10904 0.77
#= k]:sL 450486 1077 66040 21211 538814 38.20
• sd{rf/L k]:sL 2670 2 23164 249 26085 1.85
• df]lanfOh];g k]:sL 263699 0 0 0 263699 18.70
• k|tLtkq k]:sL 87451 0 0 0 87451 6.20
• cGo k]:sL 96666 1075 42876 20962 161579 11.45
hDdf a]?h" 1063380 1951 241416 103758 1410505 100.00
b|i6JoM ;+ul7t ;+:yfx?sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] a]?h"sf] nut /fVg] Pj+ ;Dk/LIf0f ug]{ sfo{ ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6}
x'g] ePsf]]n] plNnlvt cÍdf ;dfj]z 5}g .
a]?h" juL{s/0fsf] ljj/0f cg';"rL—!%, !^ / @! df pNn]v 5 .
2. cBfjlws a]?h" – ;+3Lo ;/sf/L sfof{no, k|b]z ;/sf/L sfof{no, :yfgLo tx, lhNnf ;dGjo
;ldlt, cGo ;ldlt / ;+:yftkm{ n]vfk/LIf0faf6 cf}FNofOPsf] cBfjlws a]?h" ?=# vj{ && cj{ $*
s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . ut jif{ eGbf a]?h" @(=(# k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 .
-?=nfvdf_
o;jif{ 36/ cBfjlws a]?h"
qm=;+= ljj/0f utjif{;Dd k]:sL cGo s'n a]?h"
yk
! ;+3Lo ;/sf/L sfof{no 2136679 723333 1033392 1826620 2860012
@ k|b]z ;/sf/L sfof{no 0 1951 1077 874 1951
# :yfgLo tx 142460 217465 66040 293885 359925
$ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, cGo ;+:yf
/ ;ldlt 626128 -73251 0 552877 552877
hDdf 2905267 869498 1100509 2674256 3774765
cBfjlws a]?h"sf] ljj/0f cg';"rL— !& / !* df pNn]v 5 .
kl/R5]b @M n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf a]?h"sf] l:ylt
3. sf/afxL 6'ªuf] nufpg'kg]{ /sd – ;+3Lo tyf k|b]z ;/sf/L sfof{no, :yfgLo tx, lhNnf ;dGjo
;ldlt, cGo ;ldlt / ;+:yftkm{sf] a]?h"sf cltl/Qm n]vfk/LIf0f aSof}tf, /fh:j aSof}tf, zf]wegf{
lng'kg]{ j}b]lzs cg'bfg tyf C0f /sdsf ;DaGwdf ;dodf g} sf/afxL u/L 6'Ëf] nufpg'kg]{ cBfjlws
/sd ? # vj{ ^ ca{ !* s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . pSt /sd utjif{ eGbf $^=!! k|ltzt a9]sf] 5 .
-?=nfvdf_
qm=;+= ljj/0f ut jif{;Dd o; jif{ yk . 36 cBfjlws /sd
! n]vfk/LIf0f aSof}tf 33807 214 34021
@ /fh:j aSof}tf 1611615 909686 2521301
# zf]wegf{ lng afFsL j}b]lzs cg'bfg 205814 1812 207626
$ zf]wegf{ lng afFsL j}b]lzs C0f 223781 54579 278360
% hdfgt a;L lbPsf] C0fsf] efvf gf3]sf] ;fFjf Aofh 20500 0 20500
hDdf 2095517 966291 3061808
pQm /sddf cBfjlws a]?h" ?=# vj{ && cj{ $* s/f]8 yk ubf{ sf/afxL u/L 6'Ëf] nufpg'kg]{
cBfjlws /sd ?=^ vj{ *# cj{ ^^ s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . utjif{ o:tf] /sd ?=% va{ * s/f]8 /x]sf]
lyof] . ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf sf/afxL u/L 6'uf] nufpg'kg]{ /sd #^=&! k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 .
4. a]?h" ljZn]if0f – ;+3Lo / k|b]z ;/sf/L sfof{no, :yfgLo tx, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, ;+ul7t ;+:yf,
cGo ;ldltsf] a]?h"sf] cj:yf lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5M
4.1. of] jif{ ;+3Lo / k|b]z ;/sf/L sfof{no, :yfgLo tx, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, ;+ul7t ;+:yf, cGo
;ldlt tyf ;+:yf;d]tsf] ?=%! vj{ ^) cj{ (@ s/f]8sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf]dWo] ;+3Lo ;/sf/L
sfof{notkm{ ?=@) va{ * cj{ *$ s/f]8sf] ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] j]?h" juL{s/0f
n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ k|f/lDes k|ltj]bgaf6 ?=! va{ -?=nfvdf_
c;'n ug'{kg]{
!! ca{ @# s/f]8 a]?h" b]lvPsf] 5 . ;f]dWo] k]ZsL

450486,
42%
320352,
30%
k|ltj]bg cjlw;Dd ?=$ ca{ *( s/f]8 -s'n

a]?h"sf] $=#( k|ltzt_ ;Dk/LIf0f u/fPaf6
afFsL a]?h"sf ;DaGwdf a]?h" km5\of}{6sf]
sf/afxL x'g cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% sf] lgoldt ug'{kg]{
292542,
bkmf !( -#_ sf] Joj:yfcg';f/ ;DalGwt 28%
n]vfpQ/bfoL clws[tnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] 5 .

;f]xL P]gsf] pko'{Qm bkmfsf] Joj:yfcg';f/
km5\of}{6 tyf ;Dk/LIf0f gu/fPsf] /sd;lxtsf] ljj/0f ;DalGwt ljefuLo dGqL / lgsfo k|d'vnfO{
hfgsf/L u/fpFbf klg ?=! va{ ^ ca{ #$ s/f]8sf] a]?h" km5\of}{6 x'g afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL
lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"rL !%, !^ / @! df ;dfj]z 5 .
4.2. cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf !* df a]?h" km5\of}{6 ug]{ bfloTj lhDd]jf/ JolQmsf] x'g] / a]?h"
km5\of}{6 u/] gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf /]vb]v u/L k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd km5\of}{6 ug{ nufpg] bfloTj
n]vfpQ/bfoL clws[tsf] x'g] Aoa:yf u/]sf] 5 . ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf !( df cf}FNofOPsf] a]?h"sf] #% lbg
jf Dofb yk ePsf]df ;f] Dofbleq km5\of}{6 ug]{ / km5\of}{6 gu/]df n]vfpQ/bfoL clws[t / ljefuLo
dGqL jf /fHodGqLnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg] pNn]v 5 . ;f]xL Joj:yfadf]lhdsf] k|lqmof k"/f ubf{ ;d]t
@)&$.&% sf] a]?h" km5\of}{6 gePsfn] ;f] cjlwdf sfo{/t n]vfpQ/bfoL clws[tx?sf] gfdfjnL /
a]?h" /sd cg';"rL @@ / @# df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .
4.3. ;+3Lo tyf k|b]z ;/sf/L sfof{no, :yfgLo tx, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, cGo ;ldlt tyf
;+:yf;d]tsf] of] jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 ?=! va{ $! ca{ % s/f]8 a]?h" b]lvPsf] 5 . of] jif{;Dd
km5\of}{6 ug{ afFsL s'n a]?h" ?=# va{ && ca{ $* s/f]8sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"rL
!%, !^, !& / @! df 5 .

4.4. ;+3Lo ;/sf/L sfof{notk{m of] jif{ /sdut cfwf/df a9L a]?h" x'g] dGqfno lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
-?= nfvdf_
a]?h" cÍ s'n n]=k=cÍsf]
n]vfk/LIf0f
qm=;+= dGqfno c;'n lgoldt a]?h"sf] t'ngfdf
cÍ k]:sL afFsL hDdf
ug'{kg{+] ug'{kg{+ k|ltzt a]?h" k|ltzt
1. cy+ 10492322 254510 56451 4424 315385 29.66 3.01
2. ef}lts k"jf+wf/ tyf oftfoft 1352489 10791 30096 165790 206676 19.44 15.28
3. /Iff 689096 128 776 111473 112377 10.57 16.31
4. lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw 483548 412 69426 1589 71427 6.72 14.77
5. vfg]kfgL 268182 23874 17848 18718 60440 5.68 22.54
6. pmhf+, hn;|f]t tyf l;FrfO 810669 3859 22002 33211 59072 5.56 7.29
7. zx/L lasf; 305590 1185 2986 52201 56372 5.30 18.45
8. ;F\3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo
k|zf;g 631392 3685 23817 14097 41599 3.91 6.59
9. k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf]
sfof+no 1565309 1344 12568 23414 37326 3.51 2.38
10. e"ld Joj:yf, ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL
lgjf/0f 457347 1858 21251 163 23272 2.19 5.09
11. cGo 3032457 18707 35321 25405 79433 7.47 2.62
hDDff 20088403 320352 292542 450486 1063380 100.00 5.29
plNnlvt bz dGqfnodf ;+3Lo ;/sf/L sfof{notk{msf] s'n a]?h"sf] (@=%# k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
4.5. of] jif{ $ xhf/ *$! ;+3Lo ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] n]vfk/LIf0f u/]sf]df ! xhf/ *%$ sfof{no -#*=@(
k||ltzt_ df nutL a]?h" b]lvPg .

4.6. of] jif{ # xhf/ *&* ;+3Lo ;/sf/L sfof{no, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx Pj+ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] (&
xhf/ &% bkmf a]?h" b]lvPsf]df %( xhf/ $^( bkmf ;}4flGts / #& xhf/ ^)^ bkmf nutL a]?h"
sfod ePsf] 5 .
4.7. ;+3Lo ;/sf/L sfof{notk{m of] jif{ n]vfk/LIf0faf6 c;'n ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] ?=## ca{ *@ s/f]8 $!
nfvdWo] @* lgsfocGtu{tsf sfof{non] n]vfk/LIf0fsf] qmddf ?=%^ s/f]8 %^ nfv / k|f/lDes
k|ltj]bg k7fPkl5 @! lgsfocGtu{tsf sfof{non] ?=! cj{ @@ s/f]8 #@ nfv tyf ut ljutsf]
a]?h" ;Dk/LIf0fsf] qmddf @# lgsfo dftxtsf sfof{non] ?=^ ca{ (% s/f]8 %! nfv ;d]t ?=* ca{
&$ s/f]8 #( nfv / cGo lgsfoaf6 c;'n ePsf] ?=!) s/f]8 $$ nfv ;d]t s'n ?=* ca{ *$
s/f]8 *# nfv c;'n ePsf] 5 . of] jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 c;'n ug{ afFsL b]lvPsf] ?=#@ ca{ #
s/f]8 %@ nfvdWo] !) dGqfno/lgsfosf] ?=#! ca{ ^$ s/f]8 $% nfv -(*=&* k|ltzt_ / afFsL
dGqfno÷lgsfosf] ?=#( s/f]8 & nfv -!=@@ k|ltzt_ b]lvPsf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL ( df
5.
4.8. ;+3Lo ;/sf/L sfof{notk{m ut jif{;Ddsf] k]:sL ?=*@ ca{ $ s/f]8 @ nfv afFsL /x]sf]dWo] ?=@#
ca{ &$ s/f]8 (^ nfv -@*=(% k|ltzt_ km5\of}{6 eO{ ?=%* ca{ @( s/f]8 ^ nfv afFsL /x]sf] /
;f]df of] jif{ yk ePsf] ?=$% ca{ $ s/f]8 *^ nfv;d]t s'n k]:sL ?=! vj{ # ca{ ## s/f]8 (@
nfv afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] sd{rf/L ?=! ca{ #^ s/f]8 ! nfv -!=#@ k|ltzt_ df]lanfOh];g ?=%$
ca{ !@ s/f]8 ^) nfv -%@=#& k|ltzt_, k|tLtkq ?=!% ca{ # s/f]8 ^( nfv -!$=%% k|ltzt_ /
cGo k]:sL ?=#@ ca{ *! s/f]8 ^@ nfv -#!=&^ k|ltzt_ /x]sf] 5 . k]:sL afFsLsf] cBfjlws ljj/0f
cg';"rL * df 5 . To:t} ;ldlt, cGo ;+:yftkm{ of] jif{sf] ?=@ ca{ !@ s/f]8 !! nfv k]:sL afFsL
b]lvPsf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL * df 5 .

kl/R5]b — #
n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf ;du| Joxf]/f
1. n]vfk/LIf0f aSof}tf – cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf !$ df dxfn]vfk/LIfsn] tf]s]sf] Dofbleq
n]vf / cfly{s ljj/0f bflvnf ug'{kg]{, tbg';f/ bflvnf gug]{ lhDd]jf/ JolQmnfO{ hl/afgf / ljefuLo
sf/afxL;d]t ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf 5 . ;/sf/L sfof{no, lqe'jg ljZjljBfno, ;+ul7t ;+:yf, ;ldlt
tyf cGo ;+:yfn] sfg'gn] tf]s]sf] ;dodf n]vf tyf cfly{s ljj/0f bflvnf gu/]sf]n] n]vfk/LIf0f
aSof}tf /x]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf k|d'v Joxf]/f b]xfocg';f/ 5g\M
1.1 ;+3Lo ;/sf/L sfof{notk{m ut jif{;Dd @ xhf/ *(( OsfO{sf] ?=# ca{ #* s/f]8 & nfv
n]vfk/LIf0f aSof}tf /x]sf]df of] jif{ s'g}klg lgsfon] n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf 5}gg\ . of] jif{ !
dGqfnosf] ?=@ s/f]8 !$ nfv yk eO{ ?=# ca{ $) s/f]8 @! nfv afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs n]vf
;ldltn] aSof}tfsf] n]vf k]; u/L n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg lgb]{zg lbP klg n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf] 5}g .
sfg'gadf]lhd sf/afxL u/L n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg'kb{5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL # df 5 .
1.2 ut jif{;Dd * ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] $# cfly{s jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f aSof}tf /x]sf]df of] jif{ & ;+:yfsf] ##
cfly{s jif{sf] afFsL /x]sf] 5 . n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg ;+:yfsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'vn] rf;f] g/fv]sf] sf/0f
n]vfk/LIf0f aSof}tf a9]sf] 5 .
1.3 o; jif{ ^ :yfgLo txn] ?=! ca{ ^& s/f]8 %) nfvsf] n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf 5}g .
2. /fh:j aSof}tf – ut jif{;Dd /fh:j aSof}tf ?=! va{ ^! ca{ !^ s/f]8 /x]sf]df of] jif{ %^=$%
k|ltzt j[l4 eO{ ?=@ va{ %@ ca{ !# s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . aSof}tf /sddWo] cy{ dGqfnosf] (%=)@
k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . of] jif{sf] d"No clej[l4 s/tkm{ aSof}tfsf] nut sfod u/L cfly{s ljj/0fdf
gb]vfPsf]n] /fh:j aSof}tf /sd olsg x'g ;s]g . k|rlnt sfg'gcg';f/ bflvnf ug'{kg{] /fh:j
lglZrt ;doleq bflvnf gug]{ JolQmsf] sf/f]af/ Pj+ rn crn ;DklQ /f]Ssf u/L c;'n ug{ ;lsg]
Joj:yf eP tfklg sfof{nox?n] sfg'gadf]lhd sf/afxL gu/]sf]n] /fh:j aSof}tfdf j[l4 ePsf] 5 .
lgsfout /fh:j aSof}tfsf] ljj/0f cg';"rL !) df 5 .
3. e'QmfgLdf s/ s§L — cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf *&, ** / *( cg';f/ s/of]Uo /sd e'QmfgL ubf{s}
cj:yfdf clu|d s/ s§L ug'{kg{]df @% lgsfocGtu{tsf $(# sfof{non] ?=!) s/f]8 @# nfv clu|d
s/ s§f gu/L e'QmfgL u/]sf 5g\ . o;}u/L ;+ul7t ;+:yf, ;ldlt / cGo ;+:yf !)! n] ?=@ s/f]8 %%
nfv s§f gu/]sf] ;d]t ?=!@ s/f]8 &* nfv 5'6 s/ /sd Aofh;lxt c;'n x'g'kb{5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f
cg';"rL !@ df 5 .
4. k|fljlws tyf cGo ;xfotf – ah]6 jQmJo;fy Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf k]; ePsf]] k|fljlws tyf cGo
;xfotf;DaGwL ljj/0fdf ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf @% dGqfno/lgsfo cGtu{t !$! ;Demf}tfdf of] jif{ ?=@%
ca{ @ s/f]8 #% nfv k|fljlws ;xfotf k|fKt x'g] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% sf]
bkmf !$-@_ cg';f/ k|fljlws ;xfotf;DaGwL ljj/0f s]Gb|Lo cfly{s ljj/0fdf ;dfj]z ug{'{kg]{df
gu/]sf]n] ;/sf/sf] ;du| cfo–Joosf] lrq0f x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltaf6 k|fljlws
;xfotfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg lgb]{zg lbPsf] eP tfklg tL ;xfotfsf] cfly{s ljj/0f Pj+ ;|]:tf k];
u/L n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf] 5}g . of] jif{ cGo ;xfotf ?=$ cj{ ## s/f]8 &@ nfv k|fKt ePsf]df ;f]
/sd ah]6df ;dfj]z u/L n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf] 5}g . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL !! df 5 .
5. sf]if ;~rfng – ;+3Lo ;/sf/L sfof{notk{m @! lgsfocGtu{t ;~rfngdf /x]sf sf]ifx?df ut
jif{sf] lhDd]jf/L ?=! vj{ !# ca{ #% s/f]8 / of] jif{sf] cfDbfgL ?=@ va{ ^) ca{ () s/f]8;d]t ?=#
va{ &$ ca{ @% s/f]8 dWo] ?=@ va{ ^$ ca{ *! s/f]8 vr{ eO{ ?=! ca{ ( s/f]8 $% nfv afFsL
9 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] krkGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&$

kl/R5]b #M n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf a]?h"sf] l:ylt
/x]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';f/ !( df 5 . o:tf sf]ifdf g]kfnL ;]gf sNof0fsf/L sf]if, g]kfn
k|x/L sNof0fsf/L sf]if, ;z:q k|x/L an sNof0fsf/L sf]if, kqsf/ sNof0f sf]if, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f
sf]if, jg ljsf; tyf 3f6u2L sf]if, 5fq lzIff sf]if, lhNnf lzIff sf]if, zflGt sf]if nufot 5g\ .
lglZrt p2]Zo /fvL sf]if :yfkgf u/L /sd hDdf u/]tfklg sfo{ljlw agfO{ sfof{Gjog
gugf{n] ;f+;b ljsf; sf]if, zflGt sf]if, k|ljlw ljsf; sf]if, gofF lgdf{0f sf]if, 5fqf lzIff sf]if /
;"rgf ljefu sfo{ ;~rfng sf]ifdf ?=%# s/f]8 @* nfv ljut jif{b]lv g} lgliqmo /x]sf] 5 . cy{
dGqfnoaf6 @)^%.$.#) df s'g} klg lgsfocGt{ut sfo{ ;~rfng sf]if /x]sf] eP aGb u/L
ljlgof]hg P]gadf]lhd vr{ ug]{ lg0{fo ePklg xfn;Dd klg o:tf sf]ifx? ;~rfngdf g} /x]sf 5g\ .
6. cfof]hgf lx;fa – g]kfn ;/sf/ / bft[ /fi6«/lgsfoaLr ePsf] ;Demf}tfcg';f/ of] jif{ ^*
cfof]hgfsf] cfof]hgf lx;fasf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg lbg'kg]{df k]; x'g cfPsf %@ cfof]hgfsf]
cfof]hgf lx;fa k|dfl0ft u/L n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg;lxt pknAw u/fOPsf] 5 . cfof]hgf lx;fa
;DaGwdf /fo;lxtsf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fOPsf] dWo] Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}}stk{m @!, ljZj
a}Í, cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; ;+:yftk{m @@ / cGo bft[/fi6«/lgsfotk{m ( /x]sf] 5 . cfof]hgf !^ n] cfof]hgf
lx;fa k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu k]; u/]sf 5}gg\ . ;dod} cfof]hgf lx;fa k]z ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
7. 7]Ssf Joj:yfkg – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ adf]lhd 7]Ssfk§f :jLs[t ug]{ sfo{ k|yd
rf}dfl;s cjlwdf ul/;Sg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ zx/L ljsf;, ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g,
pmhf{, hn;|f]t tyf l;FrfO, ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft, u[x, vfg]kfgL / lzIff tyf lj1fg k|ljlw
dGqfnocGtu{t ? %$ ca{ %& s/f]8 @) nfvsf] @ xhf/ %* 7]Ssf aGbf]a:t u/]sf]dWo] ?=%) ca{
^* s/f]8 *@ nfvsf] ! xhf/ &(% 7]Ssf bf];|f] / t];|f] rf}dfl;sdf aGbf]a:t u/]sf] kfOof] . t];|f]
rf}dfl;sdf u/]sf] 7]Ssf aGbf]a:tdWo] ?=!( ca{ @* s/f]8 # nfvsf] !(# 7]Ssf cfiff9 dlxgfsf]
/x]sf]] 5 .
8. ;f]em} vl/b — ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf * -@_ df vl/b ubf{ k|lt:kwf{ ;Lldt x'g] u/L
6'qmf6'qmf kf/L vl/b sfo{ ug{ gx'g] Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ zx/L ljsf;, pmhf{ hn;|f]t tyf l;FrfO,
vfg]kfgL, ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft, ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno / lzIff lj1fg
k|ljlw dGqfnocGtu{tsf !!^ sfof{non] ;+/rgf lgdf{0f / dfn;fdfg vl/b sfo{nfO{ ljleGg 6'qmfdf
ljefhg u/L ?=@ ca{ % s/f]8 $% nfvsf] sfo{ k|lt:kwf{a]u/ ;f]em} vl/b u/]sf] kfOof] . P]g ljk/Lt
k|lt:kwf{ ;Lldt x'g] u/L vl/b sfo{ u/fpg' x'Fb}g .
9. k/fdz{ ;]jf – sfof{nosf] df}h'bf hgzlQmaf6 ug{ ;lsg] sfo{;d]t k/fdz{bftfaf6 u/fPsf] 5 . of] jif{
ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft, zx/L ljsf;, pmhf{ hn;|f]t tyf l;FrfO, vfg]kfgL / ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf
;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno / dftxtsf OsfO{n] ?=# ca{ $! nfv k/fdz{ ;]jf lnO{ vr{ u/]sf 5g\ .
ljefuLo hgzlQmaf6 u/fpg ;lsg] sfddf ;d]t k/fdz{bftf /fvL vr{ u/]sf]n] cfof]hgfsf] nfut
a9\g uPsf] 5 . cTofjZos ;]jfafx]s ljefuLo hgzlQm kl/rfng u/]/ k/fdz{bftfsf] vr{df
lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
10. slG6Gh]G;L vr{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !)-&_ df lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nfut
cg'dfgdf js{ rfh{ :6fkm vr{ @=% k|ltzt / ;fgfltgf cGo vr{sf] nflu @=% k|ltzt;Dd ;dfj]z
ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf 5 . sG6]Gh]G;L vr{ ug]{ :ki6 gLlt to gePsf] cj:yfdf ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf
oftfoft, pmhf{ hn;|f]t tyf l;FrfO, vfg]kfgL, zx/L ljsf; / ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g
dGqfnonfuot ^ dGqfno dftxtsf] lgsfon] of] jif{ ? ! ca{ #@ s/f]8 $( nfv vr{ n]v]sf 5g\ .
sG6]Gh]G;Laf6 vr{ lgoGq0f ug]{tkm{ k|efjsf/L sbd rfNg'kb{5 .
11. Dofb yk – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g @)^# sf] bkmf %^ df sfa' aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt, ;fj{hlgs lgsfon]
pknAw u/fpg'kg]{ s'/f pknAw u/fpg g;s]df jf cGo dgfl;j sf/0faf6 vl/b ;Def}tfsf] cjlw
ga9fO{ gx'g] ePdf clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] Dofb yk ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ zx/L ljsf;,
pmhf{ hn;|f]t tyf l;FrfO, vfg]kfgLnufotsf $ dGqfno cGtu{tsf lgsfosf Dofb yk ePsf &^&
7]Ssfsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ #)% 7]Ssfdf z'? ;Demf}tfsf] %) k|ltzt;Dd, @&% 7]Ssfdf z'? ;Demf}tfsf]
10 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] 5kGgf}+ jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&%
%! b]lv !)) k|ltzt;Dd / !*& 7]Ssfdf ;'? ;Demf}tfsf] ztk|ltzteGbf a9L Dofb yk u/]sf]
kfOof] . 7]Ssfsf] Dofb yk ubf{ ykx'g] Jooef/ / ;]jfu|fxLn] ;dodf ;]jf ;'ljwf gkfPsf] ;DaGwdf
kof{Kt ljZn]if0f ug]{ u/]sf] kfOPg .
12. /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgf – d'n'ssf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; tyf hgtfnfO{ ;]jf ;'ljwf lj:tf/ ug{
pRr k|fyldstfdf /fvL sfof{Gjog ul/Psf /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfsf] @)&$.&% ;Ddsf] vr{ /
k|ult l:ylt lgDgfg';f/ 5M
-?=s/f]8df_
s'n nfut xfn;Ddsf] ef}lts k|ult
l;=g cfof]hgfsf] gfd z'? jif{ ;DkGg x'g] jif{
cg'dfg vr{ k|ltzt
1 d]nDrL vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf 2058/59 2074/75 3554 2520 96
2 dflyNnf] tfdfsf]zL cfof]hgf 2067/68 2074/75 4929 4474 98.7
3 k'iknfn -dWokxf8L_ nf]sdfu{ cfof]hgf 2064/65 2077/78 8014 2689 45
4 a'9Lu08sL hnljB't cfof]hgf 2069/70 2082/83 27819 3395 11
5 uf}tda'4 cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn 2070/71 2075/76 3041 1195 50
^ /fgLhd/f s'nl/of l;+rfO{ cfof]hgf 2066/67 2080/81 2770 1047 40
7 l;S6f l;+rfO{ cfof]hgf 2059/60 2076/77 2502 1447 57
8 aaO{ l;+rfO{ cfof]hgf 2044/45 2078/79 1269 633 59.5
9 e]/L aaO{ 8fOe;{g ax'pb]ZoLo cfof]hgf 2068/69 2078/79 3361 698 35
10 klZrd ;]tL hnljB't cfof]hgf - - - - -
11 kz'klt If]q ljsf; sf]if 2057/58 2073/74 203 k|fKt gePsf] 40.2
12 n'lDagL If]q ljsf; sf]if 2066/67 - 610 374 80
13 kf]v/f If]qLo cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn 2071/72 2077/78 2160 439 15
14 bf];|f] cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn, lghu9 2071/72 2078/79 12000 30 0.25*
15 sf7df8f}F t/fO{ dw]z kmfi6 6\ofs 2064/65 2077/89 25000 1171 4.68*
16 /]Nj] tyf d]6\f] ljsf; cfof]hgf 2066/67 gv'Ng] 7097 787 13.7
17 pQ/ blIf0f nf]sdfu{, s0ff{nL 2064/65 2079/80 410 100 12
18 pQ/ blIf0f nf]sdfu{, sf]zL 2065/66 2077/78 1620 245 35
19 pQ/ blIf0f nf]sdfu{, sfnL u08sL 2066/67 2077/78 2212 394 10
20 x'nfsL nf]sdfu{ cfof]hgf 2063/64 2077/78 6520 2052 25
21 /fi6«klt r'/]–t/fO{ ;+/If0f ljsf; ;ldlt 2067/68 - 196 - -
22 uN5L–lqz'nL–d}n'ª–:ofk|'mj]+;L–/;'jfu9L ;8s - @ jif{ 950 172 18.11
* ef}lts k|ult pknAw gePsf]n] ljQLo k|ult ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .
plNnlvt tflnsfcg';f/ /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfsf] ef}lts k|ult ldl>t b]lvPsf] 5 .

klZrd ;]tL hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] sfd z'? gePsf] Pj+ bf];|f] cGt/fli6\o ljdfg:yn lghu9,
sf7df8f}F t/fO{ dw]z kmfi6 6\ofs, a'9Lu08sL hnljB't cfof]hgf, pQ/ blIf0f nf]sdfu{ sfnL u08sL
/ s0ff{nLsf] ;du| ef}lts k|ult !% k|ltzteGbf Go"g /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
sfof{Gjog Ifdtfsf] cefj, sdhf]/ 7]Ssf Joj:yfkg, hUuf k|flKt / ?v s6fgdf ;d:of Pj+
l9nfO, cGt/ lgsfo ;dGjosf] sdL, pks/0f 9'jfgLdf sl7gfO, sltko cfof]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog 9fFrf
lgwf{/0f, lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoog / lj:t[t kl/of]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/ gePsf] nufotsf sf/0f oL
cfof]hgf lgwf{l/t ;dodf ;DkGg x'g g;sL ;do / nfut b'j} j[l4 x'g] b]lvG5 .
13. ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f – of] jif{ $# ;+:yfsf] aSof}tf;d]t &* cfly{s jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f
ug'{kg]{df #^ ;+:yfsf] %$ cfly{s jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;DkGg #^ dWo] $% cfly{s
jif{sf] clGtd k|ltj]bg hf/L eO{ & ;+:yfsf] ## cfly{s jif{sf] afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;dodf n]vfk/LIf0f
gu/fpg] ;+:yf / kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ cfjZos sf/afxL x'g'kb{5 .
14. ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] ;~rfng glthf – n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ul/Psf ;+ul7t ;+:yf, ;ldlt / cGo
;+:yfdWo] Jofj;flos n]vf /fvL jf;nft tof/ ug]{ (! ;+:yf, ;ldlt / cGo ;+:yfsf] ljQLo l:ylt
o; k|ltj]bgdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf]df ^! ;+:yf, ;ldlt / cGo ;+:yfsf] s'n ;~rfng d'gfkmf ?=(% ca{
%% s/f]8 ^& nfv / #) ;+:yfsf] s'n ;~rfng gf]S;fgL ?=& ca{ ! s/f]8 %& nfv /xsf] 5 .
o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL ^ df pNn]v 5 .
o:t} Jofj;flos n]vf g/fvL cfo–Joo lx;fa dfq} tof/ ug]{ ;+ul7t ;+:yf, ;ldlt / cGo
;+:yf %% sf] ;~rfng art ?=^ ca{ &% s/f]8 (& nfv / #* ;+:yfsf] ;~rfng gf]S;fgL ?=@ cj{
&) s/f]8 !) nfv /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL & df pNn]v 5 .
15. n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQmdf k/fdz{ – n]vfk/LIf0f P]g, @)&% sf] bkmf !!-@_ cg';f/ ;+ul7t ;+:yfn]
n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQm ubf{ dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] k/fdz{ lng' kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQm ubf{
k/fdz{ dfu ug'{kg]{ ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof olsg 5}g . of] jif{ #) ;+:yfn] $! cfly{s jif{sf] dfq
n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQm ug{ k/fdz{ dfu u/]sf 5g\ . ;dod} k/fdz{ dfu u/L n]vfk/LIf0f cBfjlws
gu/fpg] ;+:yfsf ;DalGwtnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .

v08 – !
;+3Lo dGqfno tyf lgsfo
;+3Lo ;+;b ;lrjfno
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] efu * wf/f *# df b'O{ ;bg ;lxtsf] Ps ;+3Lo Joj:yflksf /xg] h;nfO{
;+3Lo ;+;b elgg] pNn]v 5 . /fHo ;+rfngsf qmddf cfjZostf cg';f/ g] kfn ;/sf/n] k]z u/]sf]
ljw]osx?pk/ ;bgdf 5nkmn u/L sfg'g lgdf{0f ug{' ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] d'Vo sfo{ xf] . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f *$ df
@&% ;b:o /xg] k|ltlglw ;ef / wf/f *^ df %( ;b:o /xg] /fli6«o ;ef u7g ;DjGwL Joj:yf 5 . k|ltlglw
;ef lgodfjnL, @)&% sf] lgod !&) / /fli6«o ;ef lgodfjnL, @)&% sf] lgod !$( cg';f/ k|ltlglw
;efdf !), /fli6«o ;efdf $ / b'j} ;bgsf] ;+o'Qm?kdf @ u/L !^ ljifout ;ldlt /x]sf 5g\ . of] jif{
k|ltlglw ;efdf $( ljw]os btf{ ePsf]dWo] @* kfl/t ePsf 5g\ eg] /fli6«o ;efjf6 ( ljw]os kfl/t ePsf
5g\ .
;+;bsf] sfd sf/jfxL ;'rf??kn] ;~rfng ug{ Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;lrjfno;DaGwL P]g, @)^$
cg';f/ Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;lrjfnosf] :yfkgf eO{ xfn ;+3Lo ;+;b ;lrjfnodf ?kfGt/0f ePsf] 5 .
;lrjfnodf ljleGg bhf{sf u/L $%! hgfsf] b/aGbL /x]sf] 5 .
;lrjfnosf] of] jif{ ljlgof]hg ?=! cj{ & s/f]8 ^* nfv @! xhf/, /fh:Jf ?=%@ nfv $( xhf/,
w/f}6L ?=! s/f]8 ( nfv &% xhf/ / cGo sf/f]af/ ?=% s/f]8 ^ nfv $& xhf/ ;d]t ?=! ca{ !$ s/f]8 #^
nfv (@ xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;f] sf/f]jf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf k|d'v Joxf]/f
lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ M
!= k|f]T;fxg eQf – cfly{s sfo{ljwL lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@# df s'g} klg sfof{non] yk ;'ljwf
j[l4 u/L cfly{s bfloTj kg]{ lg0f{o ubf{ cy{ dGqfnosf] k"j{ ;xdlt lng'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . cy{
dGqfnon] ;lrjfnosf sd{rf/LnfO{ @)&$.!).& ;Ddsf] k|f]T;fxg eQf ljt/0f ug{ ;xdlt k|bfg
u/]sf]df ;lrjfnon] cy{ dGqfnosf] ;xdlt a]u/ @)&$.!).* b]lv @)&% cfiff9 d;fGt;Ddsf]
k|f]T;fxg eQf ?=# s/f]8 ^( nfv !& xhf/ pknJw u/fPsf] 5 . o;/L lgod ljkl/t pknJw
u/fPsf] k|f]T;fxg eQf ;DjlGwtaf6 c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
@= vl/b – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #! Dff ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] ?=@) nfveGbf a9L
nfut cg'dfg ePsf] vl/b sfo{ af]nkqsf] dfWodaf6 ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;lrjfnon] of] jif{ ?=@
s/f]8 (& nfvsf] dfn;fdfg vl/b tyf ljleGg dd{t sfo{ af]nkq cfx\jfg gu/L l;w} vl/b u/]sf]
b]lvof] . lgodfjnLdf ePsf] Joj:yfsf] kfngf u/L vl/b sfo{ ug'{kb{5 .
 a]?h" l:ylt – ;+3Lo ;+;b ;lrjfnosf] of] jif{ ?=& s/f]8 $) nfv () xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df km5\of}{6 x'g
;Sg] k|ltlqmof tyf k|df0f k|fKt gePsf]n] afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=#& nfv # xhf/ k]ZsL afFsL /x]sf]
5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL–!% df 5 .

;jf]{Rr cbfnt
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] efu !! wf/f !@* df ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] Joj:yf ePsf] 5 .;jf]{Rr cbfntdf
k|wfgGofofwLzsf cltl/Qm a9Ldf @) hgf cGo GofofwLz /xg] / ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df
k|wfgGofofwLzsf] / Gofo kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/zdf cGo GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm /fi6«kltjf6 x'g] Joj:yf 5 .
;jf]{Rr cbfnt clen]v cbfnt x'g] / ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df jfx]s ;j} cbfnt / Goflos
lgsfox? ;jf]{Rr cbfnt dftxt /xg] Joj:yf 5 . ;+ljwfg / sfg'gsf] JofVof ug]{ clGtd clwsf/ ;jf]{Rr
cbfntsf] x'g] tyf ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] cfˆgf] clwsf/ If]qleq kg]{ cbfnt / Goflos lgsfosf] lg/LIf0f Pj+
;'kl/j]If0f ug{ / cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg] Pj+ cfkm\gf] / dftxt cbfnt jf Goflos lgsfosf] cjx]ngfdf
sf/afxL rnfO{ sfg'gadf]lhd ;hfo;d]t ug{;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf # txsf] cbfnt x'g]
Joj:yfcg'?k ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, pRr cbfnt, ljz]if cbfnt, lhNnf cbfnt;d]t !)& lgsfo /x]sf 5g\ .
;jf]{Rr cbfnt / dftxt lgsfosf] of] jif{ ljlgof]hg ?= % cj{ !! s/f]8 &^ nfv && xhf/, /fh:j
?=(* s/f]8 *! nfv %@ xhf/, w/f}6L ?=^ cj{ ** s/f]8 %& nfv $& xhf/;d]t ?=!@ ca{ (( s/f]8 !%
nfv &^ xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;f] sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNNf]Vo Joxf]/f
lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ M
!= b/aGbL / kbk"lt{ – ;jf]{Rr cbfnt;d]t # txsf cbfntdf b]xfocg';f/ GofofwLz tyf cGo
sd{rf/L;lxt ljleGg txsf % xhf/ #%^ b/aGbL /x]sf]df # xhf/ *^* k"lt{ eO{ ! xhf/ $** kb
l/Qm /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
qm=;= ljj/0f ;jf]{Rr pRr lhNnf hDdf
cbfnt cbfnt cbfnt
1 b/aGbL 21 160 240 421
2 GofofwLz kbk"lt{ 16 146 235 397
3 l/Qm 5 14 5 24
4 b/aGbL 472 941 3525 4938
5 cGo sd{rf/L kbk"lt{ 324 674 2498 3496
6 l/Qm 148 267 1027 1442
@= d'2fsf] ljj/0f – of] jif{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf ut jif{sf] lhDd]jf/L ;d]t d'2f, l/6, k|ltj]bgnufot !@
lsl;dsf #@ xhf/ &!& d'2fdWo] !@ xhf/ $!( km5\of}{6 eO{ @) xhf/ @(* d'2f km5\of}{6 ug{ afFsL
/x]sf] 5 .
#= ;jf/L ;'ljwf – ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf GofofwLzx?sf] kfl/>lds, ;]jf zt{ / ;'ljwf;DaGwL P]g, @)&$
sf] bkmf &-%_df k|wfg GofofwLznfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] ;jf/L;fwgsf] ;'ljwf lghsf] sfo{sfn ;dfKt
ePsf] & lbg;Dd dfq kfpg] Joj:yf 5 . ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf &-^__ cg';f/ cjsf; k|fKt GofofwLzn]
cfkm}n] vl/b u/L n}hfg rfx]df ;f] ;jf/L;fwgsf] lstfaL d"No lnO{ x:tfGt/0f ug{ ;lsg] pNNf]v 5 .
;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 @)&$.!@.! df cjsfz k|fKt Ps k|wfg GofofwLzn] k|of]u u/]sf] ?=! s/f]8 @(
nfv ^) xhf/ d"Nosf] ;jf/L;fwg xfn;Dd lkmtf{ ePsf] b]lvPg . ;jf/L;fwgsf] lstfaL d"No lnO{
x:tfGt/0f ;d]t gePsf]n] P]gsf] Joj:yf kfngf x'g'kb{5 . ut jif{sf] k|ltj]bgdf ;d]t k"j{
k|wfgGofofwLzn] nu]sf] ;jf/L;fwg lkmtf{ gePsf] Joxf]/f pNn]v u/]sf]df sfof{Gjog ePsf] 5}g .

;jf]{Rr cbfnt
$= vr{ zLif{s – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #%df sfof{non] :jLs[t ah]6af6 vr{
ubf{ /sd :jLs[t ah]6leq / ;DalGwt vr{ zLif{sdf kb{5 / vr{ ug{ jf+sL ePdf dfq clwsf/ k|fKt
clwsf/Ln] vr{ ug{ / vr{ ug]{ lgsf;f lbg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . cbfntn] o; jif{ !) kbflwsf/L / !&
sd{rf/LnfO{ tna vr{ zLif{saf6 j}b]lzs e|d0fsf nflu lbPsf] k]:sL ?=! s/f]8 % nfv !^ xhf/
n]vfk/LIf0f cjlw;Dd klg km5\of}{6 ePsf] b]lvPg . /sdfGt/ :jLs[t gu/fO{ zLif{s km/s kf/L u/]sf]
vr{ lgod ;Ddt b]lvPg . lgodfjnLsf] kfngf u/L jh]6 vr{ ug'{kb{5 .
 a]?h" l:ylt – ;jf]{Rr cbfnt / dftxt ;d]t &@ lgsfodf of] jif{ ?=^ s/f]8 # nfv !* xhf/ a]?h"
b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg pknJw u/fPkl5 !) lgsfon] ?=&@ nfv ^@ xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=%
s/f]8 #) nfv %^ xhf/ jf+sL /x]sf] 5 . ;f] dWo] ?=! s/f]8 ^! nfv ^# xhf/ k]ZsL jf+sL /x]sf] 5 . o;
;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL–!% df 5 .

clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] efu @! wf/f @#* df clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] Joj:yf 5 .
cfof]udf k|d'v cfo'Qm / cGo rf/hgf cfo'Qm /xg] / ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df k|d'v cfo'Qm /
cfo'Qmx?sf] lgo'lQm /fi6«kltaf6 x'g] Joj:yf 5 . wf/f @#( df ePsf] Joj:yfcg';f/ ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f
u/]sf] s'g} JolQmn] e|i6frf/ u/L clVtof/sf] b'?kof]u u/]sf] ;DaGwdf sfg"g adf]lhd cg';Gwfg, txlssft
Pj+ cleof]hg u/L cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ug]{ sfd cfof]uaf6 x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . cfof]usf] s]Gb|Lo / dftxtsf !)
sfof{nodf ljleGg ;]jf, ;d"x / >]0fLsf (!^ sd{rf/Lsf] b/aGbL /x]sf] 5 .
cfof]u / dftxt sfof{nosf] of] jif{ ljlgof]]hg ?=*% s/f]8 ^# nfv ( xhf/, /fh:j ?=^* nfv %
xhf/ / w/f}6L ?=^ s/f]8 ^! nfv &( xhf/ ;d]t ?= (@ s/f]8 (@ nfv (# xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg
ePsf] 5 . ;f] sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
!= ph'/L btf{ Pj+ km5\of}{6 – cfof]un] k|fKt x'g cfPsf ph'/Lx? pk/ 5fglag u/L km5\of]{6 ug'{kb{5 .
cfof]u / dftxt sfof{noaf6 ut jif{sf] lhDd]jf/L / o; jif{ btf{ ePsf] ;d]t !( xhf/ $**
ph'/LdWo] o; jif{ !@ xhf/ $)) km5\of}{6 u/L & xhf/ ** cfufdL jif{nfO{ lhDd]jf/L ;f/]sf] 5 .
@= e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f – cfof]u :yfkgf sfnb]lv g} e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f tyf ;'zf;g k|j4{gsf sfo{x?nfO{
lg/Gt/tf lbFb} ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf cGo j]lyltpk/ 5fgljg u/L cg';Gwfgsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg] /
:j]R5frf/L 9Ën] clwsf/sf] b'?kof]u ug]{] pk/sf] lgu/fgL, va/bf/L / sf/afxLnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg]
sfo{df ;lqmo /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . cfof]un] ;+:yfut /0fgLlt -;g\ @)!$–@)!(_ tof/ u/L To;sf]
dWofjlw d"Nof+Íg klg u/fPsf] 5 . cfof]un] ;lqmotfsf ;fy /+u]xft kqmfp, ph'/Lsf] k|f/lDes
5fglag / lj:t[t cg';Gwfg kZrft\ cbfntdf d'2f bfo/nufotsf e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fsf ljljw
k|sf/sf /0fgLlt cjnDag u/] tfklg ck]lIft ?kdf e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f x'g;s]sf] 5}g . 6«fG;k/]G:fL
OG6/g]zgn g]kfnn] tof/ u/]sf] k|ltj]bg cg';f/ e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fdf g]kfnsf] :yfg ;g\ @)!& df
!@@ cf}+ / @)!* df !@$ cf}F :yfgdf /x]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . t;y{ cfof]un] 7f]; ?kdf e|i6frf/
lgoGq0fsf] k|j4{gfTds, k|lt/f]wfTds Pj+ b08gfTds pkfox? cjnDag u/L d'n'sdf e|i6frf/
Go'lgs/0f ug{ yk k|oTglzn /xg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
 a]?h" l:ylt– cfof]u / dftxt ;d]t % lgsfodf of] jif{ ?=# s/f]8 #) nfv ^@ xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df
k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg pknJw u/fPkl5 Ps lgsfon] ?=@$ nfv km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=# s/f]8 ^ nfv ^@ xhf/
k]ZsL a]?h" afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL–!% df 5 .

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @$) df dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] Joj:yf ePsf] 5 . dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm
;+a}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltaf6 x'g] Joj:yf 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg / n]vfk/LIf0f P]g, @)&% n]
dxfn]vfk/LIfsnfO{ /fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf] sfof{no, ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+3Lo ;+;b, k|b]z ;ef, k|b]z ;/sf/,
:yfgLo tx, ;+j}wflgs lgsfo, cbfnt, dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{no / g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L jf ;z:q
k|x/L an, nufot ;a} ;+3Lo / k|b]z ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] n]vf sfg'g adf]lhd lgoldttf, ldtJolotf,
sfo{bIftf, k|efjsfl/tf / cf}lrTo ;d]tsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{ clwsf/ lbPsf] 5 . ;+ljwfg P+j
n]vfk/LIf0f P]gsf] Joj:Yff sfof{Gjog ug{ @)!^ ;fndf dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{nosf] :yfkgf ePsf] 5 .
dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{non] ;+j}wflgs / sfg'gL Joj:Yffcg';f/ n]vfk/LIf0f P]g tyf k|rlnt cGo P]g sfg"g,
n]vfk/LIf0f ;DaGwL k|rlnt dfgb08 / lgb]{lzsfx? hf/L u/L n]vfk/LIf0f sfo{nfO{ Jojl:yt ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
dlGqkl/ifb\af6 @)&%.#.#@ df /fhkqflÍt ljlzi6 >]0fL] $, k|yd >]0fL] !$, låtLo >]0fL **, t[tLo >]0fL @^),
/fhkqcglÍt / >]0fLljxLg ;d]t ^!$ sd{rf/Lsf] b/aGbL :jLs[t ePsf] 5 .
sfof{nosf] of] jif{ ljlgof]hg ?=$) s/f]8 ^! nfv ^$ xhf/, /fh:j ?= !$ nfv %* xhf/, w/f}6L
?=@& nfv ( xhf/ / cGo sf/f]af/ ?=# nfv !% xhf/ ;d]t ?= $! s/f]8 ^ nfv $^ xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f
;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;f] sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
1. /0fgLlts tyf sfo{;~rfng of]hgf -;g\ @)!^–@)@)_ – dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{non] /0fgLlts
of]hgf -@)!^–@)@)_ sfof{Gjogsf] nflu sfo{;~rfng of]hgf -@)!^–@)@)_ tof/ u/L sfof{Gjogdf
NofPsf] 5 . /0fgLlts of]hgfsf ;f]r, nIo / d"No dfGotf xfl;n ug{ n]vfk/LIf0fsf] u'0f:t/ /
k|efj j[l¢ ug]{ tyf sfof{nosf] :jtGqtf / sfo{If]qsf] ;jnLs/0f, ;+u7gfTds Ifdtf ljsf;,
k]zfut ;DaGw lj:tf/ / cfGtl/s ;'zf;gdf ;'wf/ ug]{ ljifo klxrfg u/L ;'wf/sf /0fgLlt /
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf] 5 .
2. dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] ^ jif]{ sfo{of]hgf -lj=;+=@)&$–@)*)_ – n]vfk/LIf0fsf] tl/sf, If]q / u'0f:t/df
;'wf/ u/L kf/blz{tf / hjfkmb]lxtf k|j4{g ub}{ ;'zf;g sfod u/fpg cfjZos b]lvPsf
lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ ;dfj]z u/L dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] ^ jif]{ sfo{of]hgf tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . sfo{of]hgfdf
;+u7gsf] k'g;{+/rgf, ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf;, sd{rf/Lsf] Ifdtf ljsf;, sfg'gL ;'wf/, sfo{ k|lqmof /
k4ltdf ;'wf/;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx? ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g .
3. n]vfk/LIf0f gLlt dfgb08 – sfof{non] ;+ljwfg, n]vfk/LIf0f P]g tyf cGo k|rlnt sfg"gsf] clwgdf
/xL /0fgLlts tyf ;~rfng of]hgf / dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfo{ of]hgf nufot ;jf]{Rr n]vfk/LIf0f
;+:yfx?sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;+u7g -OG6f];fO{_ åf/f k|ltkflbt n]vfk/LIf0fsf cfwf/e"t l;4fGt, n]vfk/LIf0f
dfu{bz{g / c;n cEof;sf] cg';/0f u/L n]vfk/LIf0f hf]lvd d"NofÍg kZrft\ klxrfg ePsf
ljifox?sf] lgoGq0f k/LIf0f Pj+ ljZn]if0f u/L kof{Kt / ;fGble{s k|df0fsf] cfwf/df n]vfk/LIf0f
;DkGg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . n]vfk/LIf0f sfo{nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ ;/sf/L n]vfk/LIf0f gLlt, dfgb08,
cfof]hgf lx;fasf] n]vfk/LIf0f dfu{bz{g, ljQLo n]vfk/LIf0f lgb]{lzsf, sfo{d"ns n]vfk/LIf0f
dfu{bz{g, :yfgLo txsf] n]vfk/LIf0f dfu{bz{gnufot cfjZostfcg';f/ n]vfk/LIf0f;DaGwL lgb]{zg
tyf kl/kqx? Hff/L ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} gjljsl;t 36gfqmdx? h:tf] cfktsfnLg cj:yfx?sf]
tof/L tyf Joj:yfkgnufotsf 36gfqmdnfO{ n]vfk/LIf0fdf ;dfj]z ug]{ / tL ljifox?sf]
n]vfk/LIf0f ug{ cfjZos lgb]{zs b:tfj]h tof/ u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofOPsf] 5 . ljsl;t /fli6«o
tyf cGt/f{li6«o kl/j]zadf]lhd n]vfk/LIf0f gLlt, dfgb08 tyf cGo lgb]{zs b:tfj]hx?nfO{
cBfjlws jgfpg] / sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ yk tflnd lbg'kb{5 .
4. u'0f:t/ cfZj:ttf – ;+ljwfg / n]vfk/LIf0f P]g, @)&% tyf cGo k|rlnt sfg"gsf] clwgdf /xL
;fj{hlgs If]qsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;]jf k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . n]vfk/LIf0fsf] u'0f:t/ sfod /fVg
dxfn]vfk/LIfsaf6;d]t :ynut ;'kl/j]If0f sfo{ x'b} cfPsf] 5 . n]vfk/LIf0fsf] k|To]s r/0fdf pRr
kbflwsf/Laf6 ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{, cfrf/;+lxtfsf] kl/kfngf / cfGtl/s lgoGq0fsf ultljlwsf] cg'udg
ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePkl5\ u'0f:t/ cfZj:ttf lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd ;a} lgb]{zgfno,
n]vfk/LIf0f 6f]nLnfO{ ;d]6\g] u/L n]vfk/LIf0f kmfOnsf] u'0f:t/ k'g/fjnf]sg ul/Psf] 5 . u'0f:t/nfO{
cem} j[l¢ ug{ u'0f:t/ cfZj:ttfsf] ;+u7gfTds Ifdtf / bfo/fnfO{ a9fpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
5. sd{rf/L Ifdtf clej[l¢ – n]vfk/LIf0fdf ;+nUg hgzlQmsf] Ifdtf clej[l¢ ug{ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{
ljleGg /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o tflnd, uf]i7L, ;]ldgf/, cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf ;+nUg u/fOPsf] 5 .
;fj{hlgs n]vfk/LIf0fsf] If]qdf c;n cEof;sf] cg';/0f u/L n]vfk/LIf0fnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o :t/ cg'?k
agfpg tyf sfof{non] u/]sf sfdx? c? d'n'snfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] p2]Zon] cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf
;lqmotfk"j{s ;xefuL x'g] gLlt sfof{non] canDag u/]sf] 5 . o:tf sfo{x?nfO{ cfufdL lbgdf
a9fpb} n}hfg'kg]{ cj:yf 5 .
6. ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;xeflutf – sfo{d"ns n]vfk/LIf0fdf gful/s ;xeflutf u/fpg] / ;dfhsf ljleGg
ljwfsf VoftL k|fKt JolQmTj ;lDdlnt n]vfk/LIf0f ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltsf] u7g u/L ;/f]sf/jfnfsf]
;+nUgtf u/fOPsf] 5 . n]vfk/LIf0fnfO{ kf/bzL{ / gful/sd"vL agfpg of]hgf th'{df, ljifosf] 5gf}6
/ ;~rf/ ug]{, n]vfk/LIf0f s}lkmotx?sf] ;dod} ;'wf/ ug{ gful/s txaf6 bjfj l;h{gf ug{] h:tf
sfo{x?df gful/s ;dfh / ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;+nUgtfnfO{ n]vfk/LIf0fsf] ;j} k|lqmofdf cEof; ub}{
lj:tf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . ;fy} ljQLo Joj:yfkg kIf;Fu ;DalGwt ljifout If]qsf ;+:yfx? /
;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu lgoldt cGtlqm{of ug]{, ;"rgf cfbfg k|bfg ug]{ ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug'{kb{5 .
7. k|b]z tyf :yfgLo txsf] n]vfk/LIf0f – ;+3Lo ;+/rgf cg'?k xfn & k|b]z / &%# :yfgLo txsf]
n]vfk/LIf0f ug{ s]Gb|af6 n]vfk/LIf0f 6f]nL v6fpb} cfPsf] 5 . k|b]z tyf :yfgLo txsf] n]vfk/LIf0f /
ljQLo Joj:yfkgdf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg s]Gb|df dfq /x]sf]sfof{nosf] ;+/rgfnfO{ tTsfn} k|b]z
tx;Dd lj:tf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
 a]?h" l:ylt – sfof{nosf] of] jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 cfosf] u0fgf, s/ lgwf{/0f / /fh:jsf] clen]v
nufotsf] ;}4flGts Joxf]/fx? b]lvPsf 5g\ .

nf]s ;]jf cfof]u
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @$@ df nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] Joj:yf 5 . cfof]udf cWoIf / cGo $
;b:ox? /xg] / cWoIf tyf ;b:ox?sf] lgo'lQm ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltaf6 x'g] Joj:Yff 5 .
wf/f @$# cg';f/ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf nflu pko'Qm pDd]b\jf/ 5gf]6 ug{ k/LIff ;~rfng ug'{
nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] st{Jo x'g] Joj:yf 5 . lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbafx]s g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L, ;z:q k|x/L
an, cGo ;+3Lo ;/sf/L ;]jf / ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] kbdf kbk"lt{sf nflu lnOg] lnlvt k/LIff cfof]un] ;~rfng
ub{5 . g]kfn ;/sf/af6 lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] kbsf] lgo'lQm, s'g} ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] ;]jfsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf zt{
;DaGwL sfg'g / To:tf] ;]jfsf kbdf a9'jf / ljefuLo sf/jfxL ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{ ;fdfGo l;4fGtsf] ljifodf
cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng'kg]{ / ;f] sf] sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ k|fjwfg 5 . cfof]u / dftxtsf !% lgsfodf ljleGg
txsf #(( sd{rf/Lsf] b/aGbL /x]sf] 5 .
cfof]u / dftxt lgsfosf] of] jif{ ljlgof]hg ?= *% s/f]8 ^^ nfv %$ xhf/, /fh:Jf ?= !$ s/f]8
%% xhf/ / w/f}6L ?=($ nfv ^( xhf/ ;d]t ?= ! cj{ ^! nfv &* xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
;f] sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
!= sfo{k|ult – cfof]un] of] jif{ ljleGg txsf lghfdtLtkm{ % xhf/ (&) ljleGg kbsf nflu lj1fkg
u/L kbk"lt{ u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L ;+ul7t ;+:yftkm{ cfof]un] $& ;+:yfsf] ljleGg txsf ! xhf/ ^&!
lj1fkgaf6 !^ xhf/ %) kbsf nflu lnlvt k/LIff ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 .
@= k/fdz{ – ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @$# df ;+3Lo lghfdlt ;]jfsf] zt{ ;DjGwL sfg"g, lghfdlt ;]jfsf] kbdf
lgo'lQm, ;?jf, a9'jf jf ljefuLo sf/afxL ubf{ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng'kg]{ / ;DjlGwt
lgsfon] ;f] sf] sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;f] adf]lhd ;do ;dodf cfof]un] k/fd{z lbb}
cfPsf] 5 .
#= ;'emfj sfof{Gjog – cfof]un] lghfdlt ;]jfsf] v'Nnf / a9'jf k|of]hgsf nflu cfjZos Go"gtd
z}lIfs of]Uotf, a9'jf k|of]hgsf nflu ef}uf]lns If]qdf sfd u/]sf] cg'ejsf] c+s u0fgf, s'g} ;]jf
;d"x jf pk;d"x vf/]h eO{ pQm ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf] s'g} kb grflxg] eO{ vf/]h ePsf]
cj:yfdf ;]jf ;d"x jf pk;d"x kl/j{tg ug'{kg]{ nufotsf ljljw ljifodf ;'emfj lbPsf] 5 .
cfof]uaf6 pknJw u/fOPsf ;'emfjsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{tk{m Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
 a]?h" l:ylt – cfof]u / dftxt ^ lgsfodf of] jif{ ?=^& nfv *^ xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df km5\of}{6 x'g
;Sg] k|ltlqmof, k|df0f k|fKt gePsfn] a]?h" afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=^% nfv !! xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf]
5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL !% df 5 .

lgjf{rg cfof]u
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @$% df lgjf{rg cfof]usf] Joj:yf 5 . cfof]udf k|d'v cfo'Qm / cGo $
hgf cfo'Qm /xg]5g\ . k|d'v cfo'Qm / cfo'Qmx?sf] lgo'lQm ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltaf6 x'g]
Joj:yf 5 . wf/f @$^ df cfof]unfO{ ;+ljwfg / ;+3Lo sfg'gsf] cwLgdf /xL /fi6«klt, pk/fi6«klt, ;+3Lo
;+;bsf ;b:o, k|b]z ;efsf ;b:o, :yfgLo txsf ;b:osf] lgjf{rgsf] ;~rfng, /]vb]v, lgb]{zg, lgoGq0f
tyf dtbftfx?sf] gfdfjnL ;+sng Pj+ cBfjlws ug]{, lgjf{rgsf] nflu sfg'gsf] d:of}bf ug]{, lgjf{rg
k|of]hgsf nflu /fhg}lts bn btf{ ug]{, lgodfjnL tyf lgb]{lzsf tof/ ug]{, /fli6«o dxTjsf] ljifodf hgdt
;+u|x u/fpg] cflb sfd st{Jo / clwsf/ tf]lsPsf] 5 . cfof]usf] tkm{af6 lhNnftxdf k|bfg ug]{ ;]jf / cGo
sfd sf/afxL ;Dkfbg ug{ s]Gb|df lgjf{rg cfof]usf] / k|To]s lhNnfdf lhNnf lgjf{rg sfof{no :yfkgf
ePsf] 5 . cfof]u / dftxtsf && lhNnf lgjf{rg sfof{nodf ljleGg bhf{sf ^&! hgfsf] b/aGbL /x]sf] 5 .
cfof]u / dftxt lhNnf÷If]qLo lgjf{rg sfof{no &&, d'Vo lgjf{rg clws[t tyf lgjf{rg clws[tsf]
sfof{no #)(, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt &&, lhNnf/If]qLo k|zf;g sfof{no *@ ;d]t %$^ lgsfosf nflu of]
jif{ ljlgof]hg ?=* cj{ (& s/f]8 %$ nfv ($ xhf/, /fh:j ?=!# s/f]8 ^$ nfv %& xhf/, w/f}6L ?=#@
s/f]8 @% nfv ** xhf/ / cGo sf/f]jf/ ?=! s/f]8 !! nfv ^^ xhf/ ;d]t ?= ( cj{ $$ s/f]8 %& nfv %
xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;f] sf/f]jf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0fjf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/
5g\M
1. j}b]lzs ;xfotf – cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf !^-@_ df k|To]s sfof{non] ;j} k|sf/sf cfo
Joosf] tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] n]vf / cfly{s ljj/0f k]z u/L dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{noaf6 clGtd
n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg' kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . cfof]ujf6 k|fKt ljj/0f cg';f/ tflnd ;~rfng, tflnd ;fdu|L
pTkfbg nufotsf sfo{df ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+l3o ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] ;xof]udf lgjf{rg ;xof]u sfo{qmd
dfkm{t o; jif{ ?=$ s/f]8 #! nfv !^ xhf/ vr{ ePsf]df pQm /sd ljQLo ljj/0fdf ;dfj]z u/L
n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf] 5}g . j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf] ;a} /sd ah]6df ;dfj]z u/L vr{ ug'{kb{5 .
2. lgjf{rg vr{sf] l:ylt – g]kfn ;/sf/sf] @)&#.!!.!^ / ;f] kl5sf lg0f{oadf]lhd :yfgLo txtkm{
@)&$.!.#! df klxnf] / @)&$.#.!$ df bf];|f] r/0fsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ePsf] b]lvG5 . o; jif{ t]>f]
r/0fsf] lgjf{rg @)&$.^.@ df / k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o tyf k|b]z ;ef ;b:osf] lgjf{rg @)&$.*.!) /
@! ut] @ r/0fdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . lgjf{rg ldlt 3f]if0ff ePsf] 5f]6f] cjlwdf cfof]un] cfjZos
;fdu|L / hgzlQm Joj:yfkg u/L of] cfly{s jif{df # r/0fsf] lgjf{rg ;kmntf k"j{s ;DkGg u/]sf]
5 . To; cltl/Qm /fi6«klt tyf pk/fi6«klt / /fli6«o ;ef ;b:o lgjf{rg;d]t ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
cfof]unfO{ o;jif{ lgjf{rg k|of]hgsf] nflu :jLs[t ePsf] jh]6 / vr{sf] l:ylt lgDgfg';f/ 5M
-? xhf/df_
l;=g+= ljj/0f jh]6 vr{
! t]>f] r/0fsf] :yfgLo tx lgjf{rg -k|b]z g+= @_ (%,)),)) ($,&&,%@
@ k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o tyf k|b]z ;ef ;b:o lgjf{rg &,**,&%,%% &,&%,(%,$!
# /fli6«o ;ef ;b:o lgjf{rg %,#),^# #,^%,^!
$ /fi6«klt tyf pk–/fi6«klt lgjf{rg (#,*@ %&,@%
% cfof]usf] ;~rfng vr{ *,@(,@! &,&(,)*
^ lx;fa ldnfg - !,&^
hDdf *,(*,@(,@! *,*@,&^,^#

lgjf{rg cfof]u
plNnlvt vr{dWo] lgjf{rg clws[tsf] sfof{no, lhNnf lgjf{rg sfof{no Pj+ lhNnf k|zf;g
sfof{noaf6 ePsf] vr{ ?=^ ca{ !^ s/f]8 ^^ nfv ^( xhf/ / cfof]un] u/]sf] vr{ ?=@ ca{ ^^ s/f]8
( nfv ($ xhf/ /x]sf] 5 . cfof]un] u/]sf] vr{sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5M
-? xhf/df_
l;=g+= sfo{qmd vr{sf] ljj/0f vr{ /sd
! :yfgLo tx lgjf{rg -s_ k|f]T;fxg eQf, b}lgs e|d0f eQf, vfhf vfgf vr{
-t];|f] r/0f_ k|b]z g+=@ 4,62,10
-v_ dtbftf kl/ro kq 5kfO, hgzlQm aLdf, sfof{no
;~rfng vr{ 6,79,54
-u_ sfg'g th'{df, bn Joj:yfkg tyf cfrf/ ;+lxtf 99,15
-3_ lgjf{rg tflnd, ko{j]If0f, cg'udg 1,70,77
-ª_ dtbftf lzIff 3,23,32
-r_ ;"rgf k|ljlw Joj:yf, j}b]lzs ;DaGw, ;dGjo,ljljw 26,52
17,61,40
@ k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o -s_ dtbftf gfdfjnL,dtbftf kl/rokq, dtkq 5kfO,
tyf k|b]z ;ef ;b:o kmlg{r/ kmlg{l;+ª, sDKo'6/ tyf sDKo'6/sf ;fdfgx?
lgjf{rg 44,91,80
-v_ dtbfg s]Gb|df k|of]u x'g] ;fdu|Lx? / sd{rf/Lx?sf]
aLdf 42,60,32
-u_ lgjf{rg ;DalGw sfg'g lgdf{0f, pDd]bjf/sf] jGb ;"rL
Joj:yfkg, cfrf/ ;+lxtf th'{df Pj+ cg'udg,
lgjf{rg lrGx lgwf{/0f, ljt/0f tyf Joj:yfkg 7,82,12
3_ lgjf{rg ko{j]If0f tyf cg'udg 4,68,51
-ª_ ;"rgf k|ljlw Joj:yfkg 90,05
-r_ lgjf{rg lzIff ;"rgf tyf tflnd 2,30,87
-5_ dtbftf lzIff ;DalGw 5kfO ;fdu|L, lel8of] ;fdu|L,
cl8of] ;fdu|L pTkfbg, 6]lnlehg k|zf/0f, /]l8of]
k|zf/0f, kqklqsfdf ;"rgf lj1fkg, cfd kx"+r
sfo{qmd, 3/b}nf] sfo{qmd 1,21,04,07
-h_ cfof]usf] k|zf;lgs vr{, j}7s eQf vfhf vfgf eQf,
k|f]T;fxg eQf, ljB't ;+rf/ cflb . 14,20,44
2,38,48,18
# /fli6«o ;ef ;b:o ;fdu|L Joj:yfkg, sfg'g lgdf{0f, lgjf{rg ;~rfng,
lgjf{rg cg'udg, lgjf{rg lzIff ;"rgf tflnd Pj+ k|Zff;lgs vr{ 1,73,20
$ /fi6«klt tyf pk/fi6«klt ;fdu|L Joj:yfkg, sfg'g lgdf{0f, lgjf{rg ;~rfng
lgjf{rg cg'udg Pj+ k|zf;lgs vr{ 46,32
% cfof]usf] ;~rfng vr{ tna, eQf, sfof{no ;~rfng cflb 7,79,08
^ lx;fa ldnfg 1,76
hDdf 2,66,09,94
3. ;'ljwf – lgjf{rg cfof]u P]g, @)&# sf] bkmf #% adf]lhd cfof]un] kbflwsf/L, b/aGbL, sfh tyf
s/f/df sfo{/t sd{rf/L / lglZrt ;'/IffsdL{x?nfO{ lgjf{rg eQf, vfhf vfgf vr{, cltl/Qm ;do
eQf, ;+rf/ ;'ljwf, lgjf{rg cg'udg ljz]if eQf, k|f]T;fxg eQf Pj+ j}7s eQf h:tf yk ;'ljwf lbg]
lg0f{o u/L ?=@# s/f]8 &) nfv $) xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 .

lgjf{rg cfof]u
;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @$% -&_ df k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / lgjf{rg cfo'Qmsf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{
;+3Lo sfg'g adf]lhd x'g] 5g\ eGg] Joj:yf 5 . To:t} ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] kfl/>lds,
;]jfsf] zt{ / ;'ljwf ;DaGwL P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf # -@_ df g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lsf]
dfl;s kfl/>lds tyf cGo ;'ljwfdf yk ug{ ;Sg] / o;/L yk ubf{ g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{kg]{
Joj:yf 5 . cfof]un] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg gu/L kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ lgjf{rg eQf ?=@@ nfv *^
xhf/, vfhf vfgf vr{ ?=( nfv ($ xhf/, ;~rf/ vr{ ?=@ nfv #$ xhf/, a}7s eQf ?=^% nfv $ xhf/
/ k|f]T;fxg eQf ?=@ nfv &^ xhf/ ;d]t ?=! s/f]8 @ nfv ($ xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] b]lvG5 . g]kfn
/fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/fP/dfq o; lsl;dsf] ;'ljwf k|bfg ug'{kb{5 .
4. aLdf – lgjf{rg cfof]u P]g, @)&# sf] bkmf #* df lgjf{rgsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu cfof]un] j:t' jf ;]jf
vl/b ubf{ af]nkqsf] dfWodaf6 ug'{kg]{, af]nkqaf6 vl/b ug{ g;lsg] ePdf b/efpkqsf] dfWodaf6
vl/b ug'{kg]{ / b/efpkq lng g;lsg] cj:yf eP To;sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ l;w} vl/b ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf
5 . cfof]un] :yfgLo tx lgjf{rg cGtu{t t];|f] r/0fdf k|b]z g+=@ sf] * lhNnfsf] lgjf{rgdf ;+nUg
$) xhf/ &%$ sd{rf/Lsf] k|lt:kwf{ j]u/ Ps aLdf sDkgLaf6 l;w} aLdf u/fO{ ?=@ s/f]8 & nfv
*% xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] b]lvof] . o;/L l;w} aLdf ubf{ ;/b/ k|lt JolQm aLdf z'Ns ?=%!).)! kg{
uPsf] b]lvG5 . cfof]un] k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o tyf k|b]z ;ef ;b:o lgjf{rgdf ;+nUg @ nfv $*
xhf/ !^# sd{rf/Lsf] aLdf ubf{ aLdf sDkgLx?aLr k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ aLdf z'Ns ?=$ s/f]8 ** nfv
$& xhf/ nfu]sf]n] k|ltJolQm ;/b/ ?=!(^.*# kg{ uPsf] 5 . t;y{ k|lt:kwf{ gu/fpFbf k|ltJolQm
aLdf z'Ns ?=#!#.!* a9L kg{ uPsf]n] ?=! s/f]8 @& nfv ^# xhf/ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ yk Jooef/
k/]sf] b]lvof] . k|lt:kwf{af6 vl/b sfo{ ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
5. dtbftf kl/rokq 5kfO – dtbftf gfdfjnL P]g, @)&# sf] bkmf @& df dtbftfnfO{ kl/rokq
pknJw u/fpg' kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . t];|f] r/0fdf ;DkGg k|b]z g+=@ sf * lhNnfdf :yfgLo txsf] ;+Vof
yk eO{ k'gM dtbftf kl/ro kq 5kfO ug{' k/]sf]n] cfof]usf] @)&$.%.!@ sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ :yfgLo
txsf] k|yd r/0f / bf];|f] r/0fsf] lgjf{rgdf dtbftf kl/ro kq 5kfOsf] sfd ug]{ Ps lghL
sDkgLnfO{ ;fljssf] b//]6 k|lt yfg ?=(.(( df 5kfO ug{ sfof{b]z lbPsf] b]lvof] . pQm sDkgLn]
sf8{ agfpg cfjZos kg]{ sRrf kbfy{sf] d"No j[l4 ePsf], 5kfO ug'{kg]{ sf8{ ;+Vof 36]sf],
dhb'/x?sf] kfl/>lds a9]sf] sf/0f pNn]v u/L k|lt yfg klxn] af]nkqdf k]; u/]sf] b/ ?=!$.–
sfod u/L lbg @)&$.%.!$ df lgj]bg lbPcg';f/ cfof]usf] @)&$.%.@% sf] lg0f{oaf6 k|lt yfg
b//]6 ?=!#.%) sfod u/]sf] b]lvof] . To;}u/L k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o tyf k|b]z ;ef ;b:o lgjf{rgsf]
nflu dtbftf ;+Vof @! nfv &) xhf/ (*% sf] dtbftf kl/ro kq 5kfO ug{ cfof]usf] @)&$.&.%
sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ ;f]xL sDkgLnfO{ k|lt yfg ?=!#.%) df 5kfO ug{ lbPsf] kfOof] .
6. dtbftf lzIff sfo{qmd – lgjf{rgdf ab/ dtsf] k|ltzt Go"g ug{ dtbftfnfO{ lzlIft u/fpg'kb{5 .
k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o tyf k|b]z ;ef ;b:o lgjf{rgsf] nflu cfjZos dtbftf lzIff ;fdu|L 5kfO
ubf{ :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rgdf 5kfO ePs} b//]6d} sfo{ u/fPsf] 5 eg] 6]lnlehg tyf /]l8of] k|;f/0f,
kqklqsf k|sfzgdf :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rgdf lgwf{l/t b//]6df !) k|ltzt yk u/L b//]6 to u/]sf]
b]lvof] . To;}u/L dtbftf lzIff k|bfg ug]{ Aofu, 6f]kL / l6;6{df :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rgdf lgwf{l/t
b/ k|ltuf]6f qmdzM ?=!)&).–, !(@.– / %)).– df j[l4 u/L qmdzM ?=!@%).)), @@%.)) / ^@%.))
sfod u/]sf] 5 . t/ d"No j[l4 ePsf] sf/0f / k|df0f lnPsf] 5}g .
7. x]lnsf]K6/ rf6{/ vr{ – lgjf{rg cfof]u P]g, @)&# Pj+ cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ cg';f/
cfof]un] lgjf{rgsf] ;Gbe{df x'g] vr{x?sf] ;d'lrt Joj:yfkg Pj+ ldtJolotfdf ;d]t Wofg
k'¥ofpg'kb{5 . cfof]un] k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o tyf k|b]z ;ef ;b:o lgjf{rgsf] ;Gbe{df b'u{d :yfg
tyf ;'/Iff;Fu ;+j]bgzLn b]lvPsf :yfgsf] dtkq / dtk]l6sf 9'jfgL, sd{rf/L cf];f/k;f/ tyf
;+v'jf;ef lhNnfsf] dtu0fgfdf d'2f k/L ;|]:tf sfuhft ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf Nofpg / cfof]usf
kbflwsf/L lgjf{rg;DaGwL sfddf cg'udg lg/LIf0fsf] nflu g]kfnL ;]gfsf] x]lnsf]K6/ rf6{/ u/L ?=$
s/f]8 !$ nfv !# xhf/ vr{ n]v]sf] 5 . o;k|sf/sf] vr{df ldtJolotf ckgfpg'kb{5 .

lgjf{rg cfof]u
8. dtbftf lzIff ;fdu|L 5kfO – dtkqsf] 9fFrf olsg ePkl5 ;f] cg';f/ dtbftfnfO{ k|lzlIft x'g] u/L
dtbftf lzIff ;fdu|Lsf] 9fFrf olsg u/L] 5kfO ug{k' b{5 . k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o tyf k|b]z ;ef ;b:o
lgjf{rg cGtu{t klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnLdf k|of]u x'g] dtkq Pp6} geO{ cnu cnu
x'g'kg{] ljifodf ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf d'2f k/L cbfntaf6 @)&$.&.! / @)&$.&.* df k|ltlglw ;ef /
k|b]z ;efsf] cnu cnu P]g /x]sf]n] cnu cnu dtkq 5fKg cfof]unfO{ Wofgfs[i6 u/fPsf] b]lvof] .
pQm cfb]zkl5 Pp6} dtkqaf6 dtbfg ug]{ dtbftf lzIff ;fdu|Lsf] 5kfO sfo{ tTsfn /f]Sg'kg]{df
;f] gu/L 5kfO sfo{ hf/L /fv]sf] / @)&$.&.!@ df dfq k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o / k|b]z ;ef ;b:osf]
lgjf{rgdf k|of]u x'g] dtkq 5'§f5'§} 5kfO ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] kfOof] . cbfntaf6 cfof]unfO{ Wofgfs[i6
u/fPsf] ldlt -@)&$.&.*_ b]lv cfof]un] lg0f{o u/]sf] ldlt -@)&$.&.!@_ aLrsf] cjlwdf k|ltlglw
;ef / k|b]z ;ef ;b:osf] dtkq Pp6} x'g] dfGotfcg'?k dtbftf lzIff;DaGwL ;fdu|Lx? kf]i6/,
lˆnkrf6{, a|f];/, j/fj/ ;f]lwg] k|Zgx? / gd'gf dtkq cflb 5kfO u/L ?=!! s/f]8 &@ nfv vr{
n]v]sf] 5 . pko'{Qm ;fdu|Lx? k|of]uljxLg cj:yfdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
pQm ;fdu|L sfd gnfUg] ePsf]n] klxnf] r/0f / bf];|f] r/0fsf] lgjf{rgsf] nflu cfjZos
kf]i6/, lˆnkrf6{, a|f];/ u/L # k|sf/sf dtbftf lzIff ;fdu|L k'g= 5kfO u/L ?=& s/f]8 %$ nfv $(
xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] 5 . k'gM 5kfPsf dtbftf lzIff ;fdu|Lx? ;do cjlw sd ePsf] sf/0f bzf{pb}
klxnf] r/0f -d+l;/ !) ut]_ df lgjf{rg x'g] #@ lhNnfdf k'¥ofpg ;s]sf] b]lvPg . dtbftf lzIff
;fdu|L ;dod} ;DalGwt lhNnfdf k'¥ofpg g;s]sf] sf/0f k|of]uljxLg cj:yfdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
9. lgjf{rg ;fdu|L vl/b Pjd\ df}Hbft – cfof]un] ldtJooL tj/n] lgjf{rg ;fdu|L vl/b ug'{kb{5 .
dtbfg s]Gb|df cfjZos kg]{ !) k|sf/sf lgjf{rg ;fdu|Lsf] vl/b Pj+ df}Hbft k/LIf0f ubf{ ut
ljutsf] ;fdu|L df}Hbft eP tfklg o; jif{ cfjZos kl/df0fdf #) k|ltzt yk u/L vl/b u/]sf] 5 .
o; jif{ vl/b ePsf lgjf{rg ;fdu|LdWo] nfxf afx]s :jl:ts 5fk nufot ( k|sf/sf ?=(^ nfv ^(
xhf/ d"Nosf ;fdfg df}Hbftdf /x]sf] b]lvFbf vl/b sfo{ ldtJooL b]lvPg . o; jif{sf] vl/b
kl/df0fsf] t'ngfdf ut ljutsf] df}Hbft;d]t #$=*@ b]lv #(=^& k|ltzt;Dd df}Hbft /x]sf]n]
:jLs[t vl/b kl/df0f oyfy{ / e/kbf{] b]lvg cfPg . o; ;DaGwdf ljutsf lgjf{rgdf vl/b e}
df}Hbft /x]sf sltko ;fdfgx? k|of]udf cfpg g;Sg] lsl;dsf ePsf]n] To:tf ;fdu|Lx? lnnfd ug]{
sfo{ cuf8L a9fOg] hjfkm cfof]uaf6 k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
10. dtbftf lzIff ;fdu|L vl/b – cfof]un] dtbftf lzIffsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;+Vofdf #) k|ltzt yk
;lxtsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/L @)&$.^.!( df vl/b kl/df0f :jLs[[t u/]sf] b]lvof] . :jLs[t vl/b
kl/df0fsf] ;Ldfleq /xL ;fdu|L vl/b ug{'kg{]df dtbftf lzIff k'l:tsf, lgjf{rg cfrf/ ;+lxtf a|f];/
nufotsf % k|sf/sf ;fdu|Lx? :jLs[t kl/df0feGbf $( nfv (^ xhf/ yfg a9L vl/b u/L ?=%
s/f]8 ( nfv !& xhf/ vr{ n]v]sf] 5 .
11. lk|G6/ d]l;g vl/b – lgjf{rg cfof]u P]g, @)&# cg';f/ cfof]unfO{ k|fKt ah]6 lgjf{rg;DaGwL
sfdsf] p2]Zo kl/k"lt{ x'g] u/L k|efjsf/L tj/n] vr{ ug'{kb{5 . cfof]un] k|b]z g+=@ sf] * lhNnfsf]
:yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rg Pj+ @)&$.*.!) / @! ut] x'g] k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o tyf k|b]z ;ef ;b:o
lgjf{rgdf k|of]u x'g] /+lug / ;fbf dtbftf gfdfjnL lk||G6 ug{ cfof]udf /x]sf !# yfg lk|G6/ dd{t
u/L ;~rfng ug{ afwf k/]sf] sf/0f b]vfO{ a9L Ifdtfsf] /+lug lk|G6/ ! yfg, Zofd :j]t lk|G6/ @
yfg k|lt:kwf{ a]u/ l;w} vl/b u/L ?=@$ s/f]8 %# nfv ( xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] b]lvof] . pNn]lvt vr{
;DaGwdf b]lvPsf yk Joxf]/f b]xfocg';f/ 5g\M
11.1 ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #! df ?=@) nfveGbf a9L nfut cg'dfg ePsf]
dfn;fdfgsf] vl/b sfo{ af]nkqsf] dfWodaf6 ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . lgjf{rg cfof]u P]g, @)&# sf]
bkmf #* df k|rlnt sfg'gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg lgjf{rgsf] sfdsf nflu cfjZos kg]{
lhG;L dfn;fdfg vl/b ubf{ af]nkq tyf b/efpkqaf6 vl/b ug{ ;Dej gePdf ;f]em} ahf/af6

lgjf{rg cfof]u
vl/b ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . cfof]un] lk|G6/ d]l;g vl/b ubf{ k|lt:kwf{sf ljlwtkm{ k|of; gu/L l;w}
vl/b u/]sf] 5 .
11.2 cfof]un] @)&$.!.#! / )&$.#.!$ df ;DkGg :yfgLo tx lgjf{rgnfO{ ;d]t ;d]6\g] u/L tLj| ult
Ifdtfsf] 5kfO d]l;g vl/b ug]{ of]hgf agfpg'kg]{df lgjf{rg ;fdu|L 5kfO;DaGwL clwsf+z sfd
;dfKt ePkl5 lgjf{rgsf] pQ/fw{df pQm d]l;g vl/b u/]sf] 5 . pQm d]l;gsf] kf6{;, 6f]g/ vl/b /
h8fg ug]{ sfo{ lanDa u/L k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o tyf k|b]z ;ef ;b:o lgjf{rg tkm{sf] dtkq 5kfO
sfo{ hgs lzIff ;fdu|L s]Gb| lnld6]8af6 u/fPsf] 5 .
12. ;jf/L;fwg vl/b – cfof]un] @)&#.&$ df % yfg ;jf/L;fwg vl/b ug{ ah]6 k|:tfj u/]cg';f/ cy{
dGqfnoaf6 @)&$.#.@* df k|rlnt sfg'g / :jLs[t dfkb08adf]lhd ;jf/L;fwg vl/b ug{ ;xdlt
k|fKt ePsf] b]lvof] . cfof]un] o; jif{ af]nkqsf] dfWodaf6 Ps lghL sDkgLdfkm{t @(*@ l;=l;=sf]
k|f8f] hLk % yfg k|lt yfg ?=@ s/f]8 #@ nfvn] vl/b u/L ?=!! s/f]8 ^) nfv vr{ u/]sf] 5 .
cfof]un] gofF vl/b u/]sf] ! yfg / df}Hbft /x]sfdWo] #( yfg ;d]t $) yfg ;jf/L;fwg lgjf{rg
;DkGg ePkl5 ljleGg lgsfonfO{ ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . cfjZostfsf] klxrfg u/L dfq vl/b ug'{kb{5 .
d'Vo lgjf{rg clws[tsf] sfof{no / lgjf{rg clws[tsf] sfof{nox?
13. lgb]{lzsfsf] kfngf – cfof]un] lgjf{rg ug]{ sfdsf nflu :yfgLo tx lgjf{rg -cfly{s_ lgb]{lzsf, @)&#
/ k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o tyf k|b]z ;ef ;b:o lgjf{rg -cfly{s_ lgb]{lzsf, @)&$ df vr{sf] dfkb08
tf]s]sf] 5 . d'Vo lgjf{rg clws[tsf] sfof{no / lgjf{rg clws[tsf] sfof{noaf6 vr{sf] dfkb08 kfngf
gu/]sf pNn]vgLo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
13.1 :yfgLo tx lgjf{rg lgb]{lzsfdf sfuh, vfd, kmf/fd, cGo sfof{no ;fdfg, x'nfs vr{, kmf]6f]skL tyf
5kfO, kqklqsf / kmlg{l;Ë;d]t sfof{no;DaGwL sfd / ljljw vr{sf] nflu d'Vo lgjf{rg clws[tsf]
sfof{nonfO{ qmdzM ?=$% xhf/ %)).–/ ?=!@ xhf/ Pj+ lgjf{rg clws[tsf] sfof{nonfO{ qmdzM ?=#^
xhf/ %)).– / ? * xhf/sf] ;Ldf tf]s]sf] 5 . To:t} k|ltlglw ;ef÷k|b]z ;ef lgjf{rg lgb]{lzsf
cg';f/ pQm vr{ afkt d'Vo lgjf{rg clws[tsf] sfof{nonfO{ ? ! nfv ^) xhf/ / ?=#) xhf/ Pj+
lgjf{rg clws[tsf] sfof{nonfO{ ?=! nfv %) xhf/ / ?= @% xhf/ vr{sf] ;Ldf tf]s]sf] 5 . vr{sf]
pQm ;Ldf g3fO{ :yfgLo tx lgjf{rg t];|f] r/0ftkm{ !!@ sfof{non] ?=** nfv (^ xhf/ / k|ltlglw
;ef ;b:o tyf k|b]z ;ef ;b:o lgjf{rg tkm{ !!# sfof{non] ?= # s/f]8 #$ nfv ^& xhf/ a9L
vr{ u/]sf 5g\ . ;Ldf g3fO{ ePsf] vr{ lgod;Ddt 5}g .
13.2 lgb]{lzsf, @)&# df lgjf{rg clws[tsf] sfof{nodf lgo'Qm eO{ tnasf] !@! k|ltzt yk k|f]T;fxg eQf
Pj+ vfhf vfgf eQf kfpg] sd{rf/L afx]s dtu0fgfdf cGoq sfof{noaf6 cfPsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ dfq
b}lgs eQf /sd lbg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ @# sfof{non] lgjf{rg clws[tsf] sfof{nodf lgo'Qm eO{
!@! k|ltzt k|f]T;fxg eQf / vfhf vfgf eQf kfPsf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;d]t dtu0fgf cjlwsf] b}lgs
eQfdf ?=!) nfv !% xhf/ vr{ n]v]sf] b]lvof] . To;}u/L lgb]{lzsf, @)&$ df dtu0fgfdf ;+nUg
sd{rf/LnfO{ b}lgs eQf lbg] Joj:yf gePsf]df Ps sfof{non] ?=$ nfv @! xhf/ b}lgs eQf vr{
n]v]sf] 5 . bf]xf]/f] ;'ljwf lbPsf] ?=!$ nfv #^ xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
13.3 lgb]{lzsf, @)&# sf] jF'bf g+=!( df dtu0fgf 6f]nLn] Ps l;k\m6df !* jf @@ nx/sf] dtkq ePdf
*)), @* jf #^ nx/sf] dtkq eP &)), @$ nx/sf] dtkq eP ^)) / ^* nx/sf] dtkq eP %))
yfg dtkq u0fgf ug'{kg]{ / ;f] afkt k|ltl;ˆ6 eQf ?=% xhf/ !)) ;Dd / k|To]s 6f]nLnfO{ lrof tyf
vfgf vr{sf nflu Psd'i7 ?=% xhf/ ljljw vr{ lbg] pNn]v 5 . To;}u/L lgb]{lzsf @)&$ sf] jF'bf g+=
@^ -@_ df k|ToIf / ;dfg'kfltstkm{ qmdzM k|lt l;km\6 # xhf/ / ! xhf/ %)) dtkq u0fgf ug'{kg]{ /
;f] afkt clwstd ?=!@ xhf/ ! ;o dtu0fgf eQf kfpg] Joj:yf 5 . lgb]{lzsfn] tf]s]sf] gD;{
cg';f/ x'g cfpg] l;ˆ6 ;+VofeGbf a9L l;ˆ6 ;+Vof b]vfO{ :yfgLo tx lgjf{rg -t];|f] r/0f_ df $#

lgjf{rg cfof]u
sfof{non] ?=@! nfv $$ xhf/ / k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o tyf k|b]z ;ef ;b:o lgjf{rgtkm{ @@
sfof{non] ?=$& nfv *@ xhf/;d]t ?=^( nfv @^ xhf/ a9L vr{ n]v]sf 5g\ . ljlzi6 kl/l:ylt
pTkGg ePsf] cfwf/ / k|df0fa]u/ a9L vr{ n]v]sf] /sd lgod;Ddt b]lvPg .
13.4 pQm b'a} lgb]{lzsfdf lgjf{rg clws[tsf] sfof{nodf vl6Psf sd{rf/Ln] Ps} cjlwdf b}lgs e|d0f eQf
/ vfhf vfgf vr{ b'a} ;'ljwf gkfpg] pNn]v 5 . :yfgLo tx lgjf{rg -t];|f] r/0f_ df #) sfof{non] /
k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o tyf k|b]z ;ef ;b:o lgjf{rgdf #@ sfof{non] ljleGg sd{rf/LnfO{ Ps} cjlwsf]
b}lgs e|d0f eQf / vfhf vfgf vr{;d]t b'a} ;'ljwf e'QmfgL u/]sf 5g\ . bf]xf]/f] ;'ljwf gkfpg] x'Fbf
vfhf vfgf afktsf] s/ s§L kl5sf] /sd :yfgLo tx lgjf{rg -t];|f] r/0f_ tkm{ ?=( nfv ^( xhf/ /
k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o tyf k|b]z ;ef ;b:o lgjf{rg tkm{ ?=* nfv ($ xhf/ ;d]t ?=!* nfv ^#
xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
13.5 lgb]{lzsf, @)&$df lgjf{rg clws[tsf] sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lx?n] ;dfg'kfltstkm{sf] dtu0fgf ;DkGg
ePsf] ldltn] a9Ldf !% lbg ;Ddsf] dfq lgjf{rg eQf Pj+ vfhf÷vfgf eQf e'QmfgL kfpg] Joj:yf
5 . ;f] cg';f/ eQf /sd e'QmfgL lbg'kg]{df #! sfof{non] sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;dfg'kflts tkm{sf]
dtu0fgf ;DkGg ePsf] !% lbg eGbf kl5 yk % lbgsf] gkfpg] eQf e'QmfgL lbPsf] b]lvof] . o;/L
gkfpg] /sd ?=^ nfv #@ xhf/ ;DalGwt sd{rf/Laf6 c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
13.6 lgb]{lzsf, @)&$ df Ps} ;dodf Ps eGbf a9L l;k\m6df dtu0fgf ePdf k|d'v dtu0fgf clwsf/LnfO{
cfk'm ;+nUg ePsf] l;km\6sf] ?=@ xhf/ %)) / afFsL cGo l;ˆ6sf] ?=%)) sf b/n] dtu0fgf eQf
kfpg] Joj:yf 5 . k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o tyf k|b]z ;ef ;b:o lgjf{rgdf lgjf{rg clws[tsf]
sfof{nox?n] @)&$.*.@@ b]lv dtu0fgf z'? u/L a9Ldf &÷* lbg leqdf ;DkGg u/]sf 5g\ . ;+nUg
sfuhft k/LIf0f ubf{ k|d'v dtu0fgf clwsf/L cfkm}+ k|ToIf / ck|ToIf ?kdf ;+nUg ePsf] l;ˆ6 :ki6
v'nfPsf] 5}g . ;a} l;ˆ6df dtu0fgf clwsf/Ln] k"/f ;do lbg ;Sg] cj:yf b]lvFb}g . of] jif{ $(
sfof{non] k|d'v dtu0fgf clwsf/LnfO{ cfk}m k|ToIf ;+nUg ePdf kfpg] b//]6 k|lt l;ˆ6 ? @ xhf/
%)) sf b/n] ?=! s/f]8 % nfv (* xhf/ dtu0fgf eQf vr{ n]v]sf]n] lgb]{lzsfn] u/]sf] Joj:yfsf]
kfngf ePsf] b]lvPg . o; ;DaGwdf k|d'v dtu0fgf clwsf/L ck|ToIf ?kdf dfq dtu0fgfdf ;xefuL
ePsf] l;k\m6sf] a9L e'QmfgL x'g uPsf] /sd cfof]un] olsg u/L sf/afxL tyf c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
13.7 lgb]{lzsf, @)&$ df lgjf{rg clws[tsf] sfof{nodf lgo'Qm sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lgjf{rgsf] sfddf vl6P
afkt lghx?n] dfl;s vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] tnjsf] !@! k|ltztn] lgjf{rg eQf / tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] b/n]
b}lgs vfhf÷vfgf eQf kfpg] / ;f] afx]s cGo ;'ljwf kfpg] Joj:yf gePsf]df % sfof{non] pQm
;'ljwfsf] cltl/Qm dtbfg s]Gb|df sd{rf/L v6g k6g tyf dtkq ?h" Koflsª cflb sfo{ u/] afkt
cltl/Qm sfdsf] b}lgs eQf ?=@) nfv $# xhf/ vr{ n]v]sf] b]lvof] . sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ e'QmfgL lbg
gldNg] pQm /sd vr{ n]v]sf] ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt lgjf{rg clws[t / n]vf k|d'vnfO{ lhDd]jf/ jgfO{
;DalGwt sd{rf/Laf6 c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
14. s/ s§L – cfos/ P]g, @)%* cg'';f/ sfof{non] u/]sf] eQf e'QmfgLdf !% k|ltztsf b/n] clu|ds/
s§L ug'{kb{5 . sfof{non] dtu0fgf eQf e'QmfgL ubf{ >f]tdf s/ s§L u/]sf] b]lvPg . :yfgLo txsf]
t];|f] r/0fsf] lgjf{rgdf ^) sfof{non] / k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o tyf k|b]z ;ef ;b:o lgjf{rgdf Ps
sfof{non] dtu0fgf eQf e'QmfgLdf s/ s§L gu/]sf]n] qmdzM ?=!# nfv (@ xhf/ / ?=! nfv ^^
xhf/ ;d]t ?=!% nfv %* xhf/ lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/Laf6 c;'n ug''{kb{5 .
15. a9L vr{ – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL @)^$ cg';f/ sfof{non] :jLs[t ah]6 vr{ ubf{ ;+nUg lan
e/kfO{cg';f/sf] /sd dfq vr{ n]Vg'kb{5 . :yfgLo txsf] t];|f] r/0fsf] lgjf{rgdf !( sfof{non] ?=
!@ nfv $* xhf/ / k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o tyf k|b]z ;ef ;b:o lgjf{rgdf #! sfof{non] ?=@@ nfv
%! xhf/ ;d]t ?=#$ nfv (( xhf/ ;|]:tfdf ;+nUg lan e/kfO{ eGbf a9L vr{ n]v]sf 5g\ . lan
e/kfO{ eGbf a9L vr{ n]v]sf] /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .

lgjf{rg cfof]u
cg'udg tyf a]?h"

 cg'udg – ut jif{sf] k|ltj]bgdf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 lg0f{o gu/fO{ kbflwsf/L ;'ljwf vr{ n]v]sf], k|fljlws
;xfotf vr{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fPsf], lgb]{lzsfsf] kfngf gePsf] nufotsf Joxf]/f cf}FNofOPsf]df ;'wf/
u/]sf] b]lvPg .
 cfof]u / dftxtsf ;d]t $() lgsfodf of] jif{ ?=!^ s/f]8 *$ nfv &) xhf/ j]?h" b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes
k|ltj]bg pknJw u/fPkl5 @ lgsfon] ?=! nfv % xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=!^ s/f]8 *# nfv ^% xhf/
jfFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=!@ nfv ^! xhf/ k]ZsL jfFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL–!% df 5 .

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @$* df /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]usf] Joj:yf 5 . cfof]udf cWoIf ;lxt
cGo $ ;b:o /xg] / cWoIf tyf ;b:ox?sf] lgo'lQm ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltaf6 x'g] Joj:yf
5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @$( cg';f/ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g tyf To;sf] k|efjsf/L
sfof{GjognfO{ ;'lglZrt ug'{ cfof]usf] st{Jo x'g] pNn]v 5 . dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g Pj+
;f]sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug{ k|fKt ph'/L Pj+ ;"rgfsf] ;Íng, cWoog, cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em tyf lg/LIf0f
u/L k|ltj]bg ;fy olsg ug]{ h:tf sfo{ cfof]uaf6 ;Dkfbg x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . cfof]u / dftxtsf If]qLo Pj+
pkIf]qLo ;d]t ( sfof{nodf ljleGg txsf #)( sd{rf/Lsf] b/aGbL /x]sf] 5 .
cfof]u / dftxt lgsfosf] of] jif{ ljlgof]]hg ?=!* s/f]8 ^! nfv @# xhf/, /fh:j ?=## nfv ^(
xhf/ / w/f}6L ?=!) nfv #) xhf/ ;d]t ?=!( s/f]8 % nfv @@ xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;f]
sf/f]jf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0fjf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f lgDg cg';f/ 5g\ M
!= ph'/L btf{ / km5\of}{6 – /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u P]g, @)^* sf] bkmf !% df dfgj clwsf/
pNnª\3g jf To;sf] b'?T;fxg ePsf] ;DaGwdf k|fKt ph'/L jf hfgsf/L jf cfk}m :jljj]sdf sf/afxL
rnfPsf] ;DaGwdf ^ dlxgfleq dfgj clwsf/sf] pNNfª\3g jf b'?T;fxg eP gePsf] cfof]un] lg0f{o
ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . cfof]udf ut jif{sf] lhDd]jf/L ;d]t $ xhf/ @!# ph'/LdWo] o; jif{ ##%
km5\of}}{6 eO{ # xhf/ *&* km5\of}{6 ug{ afFsL /x]sf] 5 .
@= l;kmfl/; – dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g tyf To;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{GjognfO{ cfof]un]
;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 . cfof]un] dfgj clwsf/ pNNfª\3g, xgg P+j b'?T;fxg ePsf] egL k/]sf ph'/Lsf]
cWoog, cg';Gwfg u/L k|fKt tYosf cfwf/df ;/sf/ jf ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ cfjZos sf/afxLsf
nflu l;kmfl/; pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g ;DaGwdf cfof]usf]
l;kmfl/; sfof{Gjog ug]{tk{m Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
 a]?h" l:ylt – cfof]u / dftxt;d]t # lgsfodf of] jif{ ?=! nfv (# xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes
k|ltj]bgsf] k|ltlqmof;fy k|df0f k'i6\ofOF k|fKt gePsf]n] km5\of}{6 ug{ afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f
cg';"rL–!% df 5 .

dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{no
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !%& df g]kfndf Ps dxfGofoflwjQmf /xg] / lghsf] lgo'lQm k|wfgdGqLsf]
l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltaf6 x'g] Joj:yf 5 . ;+ljwfgdf n]lvPb]lv afx]s s'g} cbfnt jf Goflos clwsf/L ;dIf
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 d'4f rnfpg] jf grnfpg] eGg] s'/fsf] clGtd lg0f{o ug]{ / g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
tkm{af6 rnfOg] d'4fx?sf] ;Gbe{df ;DjlGwt cbfnt jf Goflos clwsf/L ;dIf cleof]ukq jf lkm/fbkq btf{
ug]{, d'4fsf] ax; k}/jL k|lt/Iff ug]{ Pj+ g]kfn ;/sf/ jf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf clwsf/LnfO{ sfg"gL /fo
k|bfg ug]{ nufotsf sfd, st{Jo dxfGofoflwjQmfdf lglxt /x]sf] / ;+3Lo ;+;b jf To;sf] s'g} ;ldltsf]
a}7sdf pkl:yt eO{ sfg"gL k|Zgsf] ;DjGwdf /fo JoQm ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . dxfGoflwjQmfn] cfkm'n] ;Dkfbg
u/]sf] sfdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg /fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ug]{ u/]sf] 5 .
dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nodf $ gfoj dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] g]t[Tjdf sfof{no tyf hgzlQm ljsf;
ljefu, of]hgf cg';Gwfg tyf cg'udg ljefu, dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f, sfg"gL /fo tyf ;'zf;g ljefu, d'4f
Joj:Yffkg ljefu;d]t $ ljefu /x]sf 5g\ . dxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{ lglxt clwsf/x? dftxtsf] ;/sf/L jlsn
sfof{nox?df k|Tofof]hg x'g ;Sg] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfcg';f/ pRr cbfnt /x]sf :yfgdf pRr ;/sf/L jlsn
sfof{no, sf7df8f}df ljz]if ;/sf/L jsLn sfof{no / lhNnf txdf lhNnf ;/sf/L jsLn sfof{no :yfkgf
eO{ sfo{;Dkfbg x'b} cfPsf] 5 . d'n'sL ck/fw -;+lxtf_ P]g, @)&$ tyf ;/sf/L jsLn ;DjGwL lgodfjnL, -
;+zf]wg ;lxt_ @)%% n] ;/sf/L jsLnsf] cGo sfd st{Jo / clwsf/nfO{ Jojl:yt u/]sf] 5 .
sfof{no / dftxt lgsfosf] of] jif{ ljlgof]]hg ?=(( s/f]8 $! nfv (& xhf/, /fh:j ?=%@ nfv (#
xhf/ / w/f}6L ?=# s/f]8 ** nfv !( xhf/ ;d]t ?=! cj{ # s/f]8 *# nfv ( xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg
ePsf] 5 . ;f] sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]v Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
!= ;+u7g ;+/rgf / b/aGbL – sfof{nosf] :jLs[t ;+u7g ;+/rgf / b/aGbLcg';f/ dxfGoflwjStfsf]
sfof{no !, pRr ;/sf/L jlsnsf] sfof{no !*, ljz]if ;/sf/L jlsnsf] sfof{no !, lhNnf ;/sf/L
jlsnsf] sfof{no && ;d]t (& sfof{no /x]sf 5g\ . ;f] ;+u7gsf] nflu clws[t:t/sf $!! /
;xfos :t/sf %)% ;d]t (!^ sd{rf/Lsf] b/aGbL /x]sf] 5 .
@= /0fgLlts of]hgf – g]kfn ;/sf/sf] @)&$.)&% sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf dxfGofoflwjQmfsf]
sfof{nosf] bf];|f] /0fgLlts of]hgf -@)&#.&$–@)&&.&*_ tLj|tfsf ;fy sfof{Gjog ul/g] pNn]v 5 .
sfof{noaf6 ;/sf/jfbL cleof]hgnfO{ j:t'ut / k|efjsf/L agfpg], ;/sf/jfbL d'2f / l/6sf]
k|lt/Iffdf k|efjsf/L k|ltlglwTj ug]{, ;/sf/L jlsnsf] k]zfnfO{ Joj;flos agfpg], dxfGofoflwjQmfsf]
sfof{no / ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{nox?sf] ;+:yfut ;[b[9Ls/0f ug]{ $ /0fgLlts of]hgfsf] nIo
sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ?=# cj{ *! s/f]8 () nfv $% xhf/ jh]6 cg'dfg ul/Psf]df ?=&@ s/f]8 ^@
nfv (! xhf/ -!(=! k|ltzt_ dfq vr{ ePsf] 5 . /0fgLlts of]hgfnfO{ tLa|tfsf;fy sfof{Gjog
ug{'kb{5 .
#= d'2fsf] nut – sfof{nosf] nutcg';f/ ut jif{sf] lhDd]jf/L / o; jif{ btf{;d]t s'n &$ xhf/ *%!
d'2fdWo] o; jif{ $! xhf/ &(@ km5|of}{6 u/L ## xhf/ %( km5\of}{6 ug{ af+FsL b]lvG5 .
 a]?h" l:ylt – sfof{no / dftxtsf ;d]t #@ lgsfodf of] jif{ ?=@ s/f]8 (! nfv && xhf/ a]?h"
b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fPkl5 ! lgsfon] ?=*) xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=@ s/f]8 () nfv
(& xhf/ afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?= @ s/f]8 ( nfv !^ xhf/ k]ZsL afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f
cg';"rL–!% df 5 .

k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\\sf] sfof{no
sfof{nosf] sfo{ If]qdf sfo{ ljefhg / dGqfnox?sf] u7g, lj36g tyf ;Fu7g ;+/rgf x]/km]/, g]kfn
;/sf/sf] sfo{;Dkfbg lgodfjnL, ljleGg dGqfnosf] sfo{sf] /]vb]v, lgoGq0f, lg/LIf0f, ;'kl/j]If0f, ;dGjo,
cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg, dlGqkl/ifb\\sf lg0f{osf] sfof{Gjog tyf ;f]sf] cg'udg, ljw]os, cWofb]z, lgod tyf
cfb]zsf] th'{df, :jLs[lt, Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] clwj]zg cfJxfg / cGTo, ;'zf;g tyf ;+3Lo 9fFrfsf] k|zf;g
k'g;{+/rgf, ;Demf}tf jf ;xdlt sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg, k|wfgdGqLsf] lgb]{zg sfof{Gjog, ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf]
cBfjlws hfgsf/L, lgb]{zgnufotsf sfo{ /x]sf 5g\ . k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\\sf] sfof{no;d]t !()
lgsfoaf6 ;]jf k|jfx x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
sfof{no / cGtu{t lgsfosf] of] jif{ ljlgof]]hg ?=! va{ @) ca{ %# s/f]8 ( nfv (! xhf/, /fh:j
?=@) s/f]8 (@ nfv !^ xhf/, w/f}6L ?=@ ca{ @ s/f]8 %( nfv # xhf/ / cGo sf/f]af/ ?=## ca{ &^ s/f]8
$& nfv &) xhf/ ;d]t ?=! va{ %^ ca{ %# s/f]8 * nfv *) xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
sfof{no dftxtsf cGo ;+:yf !@ sf] ?=@ ca{ ^( s/f]8 @& nfv ($ xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 .
;f] sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
1. vr{df ldtJolotf – sfof{noaf6 @)&$ sflt{s b]lv kf}if;Dd # dlxgfsf] cjlwdf ljgf ljefuLo
dGqLx?sf] ;'ljwf tyf lghL ;lrjfnosf sd{rf/Lx?sf] tna tyf cGo ;'ljwfdf ?=! s/f]8 !* nfv
^) xhf/ vr{ ePsf] 5 . axfndf /x]sf ljefuLo dGqLx?nfO{ ljgf ljefuLodf kl/0ft u/L ;f]xL
sfdsf] nflu dGqLx? lgo'Qm u/L ;]jf ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpFbf /fHosf]ifdf yk Jooef/ kg{ uPsf] 5 .
;/sf/L vr{ ldtJooL / cf}lrTok"0f{ x'g'kb{5 .
;"rgf k|ljlw ljsf; cfof]hgf
g]kfndf ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ljsf;sf nflu Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}Í;Fu ;g\ @))* df ePsf] ;Demf}tf
cg';f/ of] cfof]hgf ;g\ @))* h'nfO{df z'? eO{ @)!$ l8;]Dj/df ;DkGg x'g] nIo /x]sf]df ;g\ @)!*
l8;]Dj/;Dd Dofb yk ePsf] 5 . ;"rgf k|ljlwnfO{ ;do cg's"n agfpg k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf]
sfof{non] ;dGjo ug]{ u/L nf]s ;]jf cfof]u, u[x dGqfno, /fli6«o kl/rokq Joj:yfkg s]Gb|, oftfoft
Joj:yf ljefu, e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yfkg ljefu, ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno / /fli6«o ;"rgf s]Gb|nufot *
lgsfodf cfof]hgfsf] sfo{qmd ;~rflnt 5 .
2. ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog – oftfoft Joj:yf ljefu cGtu{t ;jf/L rfns cg'dltkq tyf ;jf/L btf{
k|lqmofnfO{ sDKo'6/fOH8 k4ltdf kl/0ft ug{ !& h'nfO{ @)!# df kGw| dlxgfsf] sfo{ cjlw /fvL Ps
lghL sDkgL;Fu cd]/LsL 8n/ !$ nfv (( xhf/ &^) df vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf]df 5}6f}F k6s @)!*
l8;]Da/ #! -z'? ;Demf}tfsf] @## k|ltzt_ ;Dd Dofb yk u/L ;f]em} e'QmfgLdfkm{t cd]l/sL 8n/ !
nfv (& xhf/ #!! / ljlgof]hgaf6 cd]l/sL 8n/ !) nfv (( xhf/ ^!^ ;d]t cd]l/sL 8n/ !@
nfv (^ xhf/ (@& e'QmfgL eO;s] klg ;Demf}tfadf]lhd sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5}g . ;Demf}tfcg';f/
;dodf sfd ;DkGg ug{] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
3. n]vfk/LIf0f – cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g,@)%% sf] bkmf !) adf]lhd sfof{non] sf/f]af/sf] n]vf /fvL bkmf
!^ adf]lhd ;a} k|sf/sf cfo Joosf] tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] n]vf / cfly{s ljj/0f k]; u/L
dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{noaf6 clGtd n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg'kg]{ Joj:Yff 5 . oftfoft Joj:yf ljefun]
Ps cfk"t{saf6 d]l;g/L cf}hf/ tyf pks/0f vl/b u/L ?=@ s/f]8 % nfv %! xhf/ / e"ld;'wf/ tyf
Joj:yfkg ljefucGtu{t !$ dfnkf]t sfof{nox?df cgnfOg e"–clen]v ;"rgf Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL
nfu" ug{ ?=# s/f]8 $# nfv !& xhf/ bft[ lgsfoaf6 ;f]em} e'QmfgL u/L vr{ u/]sf]df ;f]sf] n]vf
;|]:tf k]; u/L n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf] 5}g . P]gdf ePsf] Joj:yf cg';f/ n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg'kb{5 .

/fli6«o ;ts{tf s]Gb|
4. k|fljlws k/LIf0f – s]Gb|n] o; jif{ /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgf !*, ;8s cfof]hgf #%, ejg ^, k'n
@), l;FrfO !@ / cGo * u/L (( cfof]hgfsf] k|fljlws k/LIf0f ;DkGg u/L b]lvPsf q'l6x? h:t}
cfof]hgfx?sf] u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrt ug]{ sfo{of]hgf tof/ gu/]sf], sfo{af]em / ;Demf}tf /sdsf] cfwf/df
7]Ssf Dofb lgwf{/0f ug]{ gu/]sf], hUuf clwu|x0f gx'+b} cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf]], dfOn:6f]g
lgwf{/0f gu/L Dofb yk ug]{ u/]sf] h:tf Joxf]/fx? ;Rofpg ;DalGwt s]Gb|Lo lgsfonfO{ n]vL
k7fPsf]df ;f]sf] cg'udg gx'+bf klxrfg ePsf sdL sdhf]/Ldf ;'wf/ eP gePsf] :ki6 x'g ;s]g .
k|fljlws k/LIf0faf6 lbOPsf ;'emfj sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg ug'{kb{5 .
/fh:j cg';Gwfg ljefu
/fh:j r'xfj6 /f]syfd / lgoGq0f ug]{ sfo{nfO{ cnUu} ljefu :yfkgf u/L k|efjsf/L 9+un] ;Dkfbg
ug{ @)%) ;fndf o; ljefusf] :Yffkgf ePsf] xf] . hgtfsf] cfly{s lxt clej[l4 ug]{, a9L eGbf a9L /fh:j
c;'n ug]{, /fh:j r'xfj6 /f]syfd / cfly{s ck/fw lgoGq0f ug]{, /fh:j ;+sngdf j[l4 ug]{ / ljb]zL
ljlgdo;DaGwL ck/fw lgoGq0f ug]{] p2]Zo /x]sf] o; ljefucGtu{t $ sfof{no /x]sf 5g\ .
5. e]lxsn 6«oflsË l;:6d – /fh:j r'xfj6 -cg';Gwfg tyf lgoGq0f_ P]g @)%@ sf] bkmf !#u -#_ df
g]kfnleq btf{ ePsf] jf gofF btf{ x'g] 9'jfgLsf] ;fwgwgLn] ljefun] tf]s]sf] dfkb08cg';f/sf] e"–
cjl:ylt b]vfpg] rfn' xfntsf] oGq -hLkLP; l8efO{;_ sf] l;nl;n]jf/ gDa/ ljefudf btf{ u/L
clgjfo{ ?kdf cfˆgf] 9'jfgLsf] ;fwgdf h8fg u/L /fVg'kg]{ Joxf]/f pNn]v 5 . ut ljutsf] ah]6
jQmJodf g} e]lxsn 6«oflsË l;i6d nfu" ug]{ ljifonfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fv] tfklg of] k|0ffnL xfn;Dd
nfu" u/]sf] 5}g . sfg'gL Joj:yfnfO{ ;/sf/sf] gLltut k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf]df ;d]t sfof{Gjog
gePsf] kIfdf ljefusf] Wofgfsif{0f x'g'kb{5 .
6. cg';Gwfg – /fh:j r'xfj6 -cg';Gwfg tyf lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)%@ cg';f/ /fh:j r'xfj6;DaGwL ph'/L
PJf++ ;"rgfx?sf] cg';Gwfg txlssft u/L d'2f bfo/ ug]{ jf ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ n]vL k7fO{ sf/afxL
6'Ëf] nufpg] st{Jo ljefusf] /x]sf] 5 . ;fljsdf eG;f/ P]g, d"No clej[l4 s/ P]g, cGtMz'Ns
P]gcg';f/sf] clwsf/ o; ljefunfO{ k|Tofof]hg ePadf]lhd 5fkf df/L cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf /x]sf
@@% d'2fsf] 6'Ëf] gnfUb} k|Tofof]lht clwsf/ @)&$.!!.#) df lkmtf{ ePsf]n] /fh:j r'xfj6 lgoGq0f
k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . tL d'2fsf] ;DaGwdf pko'Qm lg0f{o lnO{ oyfzL3| sf/afxL 6'Ëf] nufpg'kb{5 .
;fy} g]kfnsf] cy{tGqdf cgf}krfl/s If]qsf] lx:;f j[l4 eO/x]sf] ;Gbe{df cWoog, cg';Gwfg u/L
To:tf If]qnfO{ /fh:jsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg tyf r'xfj6 eO/x]sf] /fh:j c;'nL / sf/afxLdf Wofg
hfg'kb{5 .
;DklQ z'4Ls/0f cg';Gwfg ljefu
;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftÍjfbL lqmofsnfkdf x'g] ljQLo nufgL ljZjJofkL ;d:ofsf] ?kdf
km}lnPsf]n] of] cfk/flws sfo{af6 cfh{g u/]sf] ;DklQnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug]{ p2]Zon] ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f lgjf/0f
P]g,@)^$ cg';f/ @)^*.#.! df ljefusf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] .
7. /0fgLlt tyf sfo{ of]hgf – cGt/f{li6«o ?kdf ;g\ !(*( df u7g ePsf] ljQLo sf/afxL sfo{bnn]
cfk/flws sfo{af6 cflh{t ;DklQnfO{ sfg'gsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg] p2]Zon] $) j6f ;'emfpx? hf/L
u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnn] pQm ;'emfpx? sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu kfFrjif]{ /0fgLlt -@)^*–@)&#_ tof/ u/]sf]
b]lvof] . pQm /0fgLltdf ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f tyf cftÍjfbL lqmofsnfkdf x'g] ljQLo nufgL / ;f];Fu
;Da4 s;"/af6 ljQLo k|0ffnLnfO{ hf]ufpg], s;"/bf/nfO{ ;hfo ub}{ s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ;DklQ hkmt
ug]{ tyf ck/fwljxLg ;dfh ;'lglZrt ug]{ nufot !) /0fgLlt pNn]v ePcg';f/ tL /0fgLlt
sfof{Gjog ug{ sfo{tflnsf;lxtsf] sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm /0fgLlt tyf sfo{of]hgfsf]
k|To]s jif{ cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg u/L d"NofÍg k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs ug'{kg]{ / k|To]s @ jif{df
k'/fjnf]sg ug'{kg]{df ;f]cg';f/ cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg u/L k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs gu/]sf] Pj+ k|To]s @
jif{df k'g/fjnf]sg eP u/]sf] klg b]lvg cfPg . klxnf] k+~rjifL{o /0fgLlt tyf sfo{of]hgfsf]
k'g/fjnf]sg u/L bf];|f] /0fgLlt tyf sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L sfo{fGjogdf Nofpg'kg]{df klxnf]
sfo{of]hgf ;dfKt ePsf] !* dlxgf JotLt e};Sbf klg bf];f| ] of]hgf tof/ u/]sf] b]lvPg .
ljQLo sf/afxL sfo{bnsf] ;'emfpsf] sfof{Gjog cj:yfsf] cGt/fli6«o ?kdf ;g\ @)!(.@)
df kf/:kl/s d"NofÍg x'g] lglZrt ePsf] 5 . pQm d"NofÍgdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;Gtf]ifhgs glthf
k|fKt ug{ g;s]df ljQLo sf/afxL sfo{bnn] d'n'snfO{ sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z ug{] / o;af6 d'n'sn]
kfpg] låkIfLo tyf ax'ckIfLo j}b]lzs ;xfotf s6f}tL x'g] hf]lvd sd ug{ ;Da4 kIfsf] Wofg hfg'
h?/L 5 . ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f x'g] lqmofsnfksf] ;"Id lgu/fgL u/L To:tf sfo{ lg?T;flxt ug]{ tyf
cg';Gwfgdf cfPsf d'2fx?sf] zL3| 6'Ëf] nufpg'kb{5 .
/fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f
e"sDkaf6 ePsf] Ifltsf] k'glg{df{0fsf nflu cfjZos gLlt th'{df ug]{, ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd :jLs[t Pj+
sfof{Gjog ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy @)&@ kf}ifdf /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fsf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . e"sDkaf6 clt
k|efljt !$ / sd k|efljt !& u/L #! lhNnfdf o;sf] sfo{If]q /x]sf] 5 . k'glg{df{{0f sfo{sf nflu $ bft[
/fi6« / * bft[ ;+:yf;Fu cg'bfgtkm{ ^# s/f]8 $@ nfv &! xhf/ / C0ftkm{ ! ca{ *! s/f]8 $! nfv #)
xhf/ u/L @ ca{ $$ s/f]8 *$ nfv ! xhf/ cd]l/sL 8n/sf] ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmdsf] nflu ut jif{
;Dd ?=&@ ca{ !^ s/f]8 / o; jif{sf] ?=! va{ !$ ca{ &^ s/f]8 %( nfv @# xhf/ u/L hDdf ?=! va{ *^
ca{ (@ s/f]8 %( nfv @# xhf/ vr{ ePsf] 5 .
8. k'glg{df{0f – k|flws/0fn] tof/ u/]sf] If]qut of]hgf / ljQLo k|If]k0f cg';f/ b'O{ jif{ leqdf lghL
cfjf;, tLg jif{ leqdf z}lIfs tyf :jf:Yo ;+:yf / kfFr jif{leq k'/ftflTjs tyf ;fF:s[lts
;Dkbfx?sf] lgdf{0f ;DkGg ug]{ u/L nIo /fv]sf] 5 . e"sDk uPsf] sl/j rf/ jif{ / k|flws/0f :yfkgf
ePsf] # jif{ cyf{t ^) k|ltzt ;do ;dfKt ePsf]df /0fgLlts ;8stkm{ !$) / lhNnf :t/Lo
;8s ! xhf/ ^) lsnf] ld6/ lgdf{0f sfo{ ;'? ePsf] 5}g . b'O{ jif{ leqdf lghL cfjf;sf] lgdf{0f
sfo{ ;DkGg ug{' kg]{df tf]lsPsf] cjlw ;dfKt eO;Sbf lghL cfjf; * nfv @@ xhf/ ()( df @
nfv ^* xhf/ %*% -#@=^# k|ltzt_, lghL cfjf; k|anLs/0f %@ xhf/ %$ df & xhf/ $$*
-!$=#) k|ltzt_, tLg jif{ leqdf z}lIfs tyf :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] sfo{ ;DkGg ug{' kg]{df :jf:Yo
;+:yfsf ejgx? -lk|ôfa;d]t_ ! xhf/ !(& df ^$# -%#=&! k|ltzt_, ;fd'bflos ljBfnox? &
xhf/ %%# dWo] # xhf/ *!^ -%)=%@ k|ltzt_, ljZjljBfnocGtu{tsf ejgx? !^ dWo] @
-!@=%) k|ltzt_, ;fj{hlgs ejgx? $!% dWo] @$* -%(=&% k|ltzt_, ;'/Iff lgsfosf ejgx? ^*^
df @!$ -#!=!( k|ltzt_, k'/ftflTjs tyf ;fF:s[lts ;Dkbfx? &%# df !*% -@$=%^ k|ltzt_ /
vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ cfof]hgfx? # xhf/dWo] ! xhf/ &)% -%^=*# k|ltzt_ dfq ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
k|flws/0fn] ljgfzsf/L e"sDksf] k'glg{df{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfox?nfO{ yk lhDd]jf/ /
hjfkmb]xL t'NofpFb} ;/f]sf/jfnf kIfsf] ;xeflutf a9fO{ sfo{ljlwdf ;/nLs/0f, sfof{Gjog Ifdtfdf
clej[l4 Pj+ lgsfout ;dGjodf j[l4 u/L sfd ;DkGg ug{'kb{5 .
9. cg'bfg ljt/0f – e"sDkaf6 k|efljt lghL cfjf; k'glg{df{0f cg'bfg ljt/0f sfo{ljlw, @)&# sf] bkmf
%-u_ df cg'bfg k|fKt ug{ nfeu|fxLdf gfd ;dfj]z u/L ;Demf}tf ePkl5 klxnf] ls:tf ?=%) xhf/,
lKnGy tx;Dd lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg u/L k|fljlwsaf6 k|df0fLs/0f ePkl5 bf];|f] ls:tf ?=! nfv %)
xhf/ / 5fgf 5fpg' cl3;Ddsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg u/L k|fljlwsaf6 k|df0fLs/0f ePkl5 t];|f] ls:tf
? ! nfv kfpg] Joj:yf 5 . s'n 8 nfv 22 xhf/ 909 3/ lgdf{0f ug{ klxnf] ls:tf 7 nfv 33
xhf/ 905hgfnfO{ ?=%) xhf/sf b/n] ?=#^ ca{ ^( s/f]8 %@ nfv %) xhf/, bf];|f] ls:tf 5 nfv
23 xhf/ 367 hgfnfO{ ?=! nfv %) xhf/sf b/n] ?=&* ca{ %) s/f]8 %) nfv %) xhf/ / t];|f]
ls:tf 3 nfv 35 xhf/ 471 hgfnfO{ ?=! nfvsf b/n] ?=## ca{ %$ s/f]8 &! nfv;d]t ?=! va{
?=$* ca{ &$ s/f]8 &$ nfv e'QmfgL eO;s]sf] 5 . klxnf] ls:tf lng] dWo] 3 nfv 35 xhf/ 471
-$%=&! k|ltzt_ hgfn] dfq t];|f] ls:tfsf] e'QmfgL lnPsf 5g\ . e"sDk kZrft k'glg{df{0f ug'{kg]{
3/x?sf nflu tLg jif{sf] cjlw k"/f x'Fbf klg 3 nfv 37 xhf/ 311 -$)=(( k|ltzt_ 3/ dfq lgdf{0f
ePsf] 5 . cg'bfg k|fKt ug]{ k|ls|of hl6n ePsf] sf/0f klxnf] ls:tf lng] ;a} nfeu|fxLn] bf];|f] /
t];|f] ls:tf lnPsf 5}gg\ . cg'bfg k|fKt ug]{ k|lqmof ;/n / ;xh agfO{ lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug{'kb{5 .
10. a9L e'QmfgL – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@# df ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] vl/b
;Demf}tfcg';f/ lan aLhssf] cfwf/df e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . e"sDkLo cfjf; k'glg{df{0f
cfof]hgfn] 8sdL{ tflnd ;~rfng ug{ Ps kf]ln6]lSgs ;+:yf;Fu u/]sf] ;Demf}tfadf]lhd ?=!( nfv
(^ xhf/ e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{df ?=^! nfv #! xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf]n] j9L e'QmfgL ?=$! nfv #% xhf/
n]vfk/LIf0faf6 cf}FNofPkl5 ?=!! nfv c;'n ePsf]n] afFsL ?=#) nfv #% xhf/ c;'n u/L ;DalGwt
sd{rf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/;d]t agfpg'kb{5 .
11. j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f – cfly{s sfo{l{jlw P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf !^ -@_ df sfof{non] ;a}
k|sf/sf cfo–Joosf] tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] n]vf / cfly{s ljj/0f k]; u/L dxfn]vfk/LIfssf]
sfof{noaf6 n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg' kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ k|flws/0f / cGtu{tsf lgsfodf g]kfn
;/sf/sf] afli{fs sfo{s|d tyf ah]6df ;dfj]z gu/L ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx?n] ;f]em} e'QmfgLaf6 ?=&) ca{
*) s/f]8 (! nfv @ xhf/ vr{ u/]sf 5g\ . ;xfotf /sd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] s]lGb|o n]vf k|0ffnLdf
;dfj]z gu/]sf] tyf ;f]sf] cfly{s ljj/0f;d]t k]; gu/]sf]n] n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] 5}g . P]g tyf
lgodfjnLn] Joj:yf u/]adf]lhd n]vf / cfly{s ljj/0f k]; u/L n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg'kb{5 .
12. ljBfnox?sf] k'glg{df{0f – e"sDkaf6 clt k|efljt lhNnfsf &) ljBfnosf] k'glg{df{0f sfo{ ef/t
;/sf/sf] ;xfotfaf6 lgdf{0f ug]{ pNn]v ePsf]df ef/t ;/sf/af6 cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg k/fd{zbftf
lgo'Qm gePsfn] sfd z'? ePsf] 5}g . rLg ;/sf/n] lgdf{0f ug]{ pNn]v ePsf & ljBfnodWo] b/af/
xfO:s"nsf] k'glg{df{0f sfo{ z'? ePsf] / cGo ^ ljBfnosf] b'O{ jif{ cl3 g} ;+EffJotf cWoog ;DkGg
eP tfklg lj:t[t l8hfOg gePsfn] sfd z'? x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;Demf}tf cg';f/ k'glg{df{0fsf] sfo{
;DkGg ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
13. cw'/f sfo{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL,@)^$ df vl/b ;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;Demf}tfdf
tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq} ;DkGg ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . lhNnf cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{, nlntk'/n]
e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:t $ ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] ejg lgdf{0f ug{ $ lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=#& s/f]8 $!
nfv %^ xhf/sf] ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df %) b]lv !)) k|ltzt cjlw ;dfKt x'bf klg # 7]Ssfsf] lgdf{0f
sfo{ ;'? g} gu/]sf] / ! 7]Ssfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;'? u/]tfklg ;DkGg ePsf] 5}g . df]lanfOh];g
k]:sLafkt @ lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ ?=@ s/f]8 ^@ nfv @% xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . lgdf{0f sfo{
k|f/De gx'g'df ;dGjosf] cefj, lgdf{0f sfo{ :ynsf] 5gf}6 x'g g;Sg', lgdf{0f :yndf af6f] ljjfb
cflb /x]sf]n] ljjfb ;dfwfg u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{kb{5 .
ul/aL lgjf/0f sf]if
;dfhsf u/La tyf lk5l8Psf ju{sf] ;lqmo ;xeflutfdf ul/aL lgjf/0f ;DaGwdf ljleGg sfo{qmd
;~rfng u/fpg] / ul/aL lgjf/0f sfo{df ;+nUg lgsfox?nfO{ cg'bfg tyf cfjZos ;xof]u pknAw u/fO{
d'n'saf6 ul/aL lgjf/0f ug]{ p2]Zon] ul/aL lgjf/0f sf]ifsf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . sf]ifn] u/La, dlxnf, blnt /
hghfltnfO{ clwstd dfqfdf kl/rfng ub}{ dfudf cfwfl/t sfo{qmddf k|ToIf nufgL ug]{ ub{5 . sf]ifn]
@)^!.^@ b]lv @)&$.&% ;Dd r/0fj4 ?kdf ^@ lhNnfdf ljleGg sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sf] b]lvG5 . sf]ifn]

sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/L of] jif{ ?=! ca{ !! s/f]8 ## nfv;d]t xfn;Dd ?=@^ ca{ @! s/f]8 !^ nfv vr{
u/]sf] 5 . vr{ ePsf] /sdaf6 ul/aL lgjf/0fdf k/]sf] k|efj t];|f] kIfaf6 d"NofÍg ul/g'kb{5 .
14. 3'DtL sf]ifsf] cg'udg – sf]ifsf] sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)^& df sf]ifaf6 cfo cfh{g
lqmofsnfksf] nflu lgsf;f uPsf] /sd 3'DtL sf]ifsf] ?kdf kl/rfng ug'{kg]{ / sfo{ of]hgf cg'?k
3'DtL sf]if ;~rfng ug]{ lhDd]jf/L sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ ;DalGwt nfeu|fxL ;+:yfsf] x'g] pNn]v 5 .
sf]ifn] @)^! b]lv xfn;Dd 3'DtL sf]ifsf] ?kdf #@ xhf/ @&^ ;fd'bflos ;+:yfnfO{ ?=!$ ca{ lgz{t
cg'bfg pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . sf]ifn] pknAw u/fPsf] cg'bfgsf] ;b'kof]u eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf
cg'udg / rf}dfl;s k|ltj]bg tof/ gu/]sf]n] cg'bfg /sdsf] pkof]u ;DaGwdf olsg ug{ ;lsPg .
sf]ifn] ;dodf g} cg'udgdf Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
15. cfof]hgf ;~rfng – sf]ifn] cfof]hgf ;~rfng;DaGwL sfo{of]hgf agfO{ ;f]cg';f/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ug'{kb{5 . o; jif{ sf]ifn] ;fgf k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fcGtu{t df]6/af6f], vfg]kfgL, ejg, l;FrfO, sNe6{,
dfOqmf] xfO8«f]kfj/, kf]v/L lgdf{0f ;d]t #(* cfof]hgfsf] nflu ?=%@ s/f]8 ## nfv $$ xhf/df
nfeu|fxL ;+:yf;Fu ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df k|yd / bf];f| ] ls:tf;d]t xfn;Dd ?=#( s/f]8 #$ nfv $&
xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . ;~rflnt ;a} cfof]hgf ;DkGg ge} cw'/f] /x]sf] b]lvof] . sfo{of]hgf Pj+
;Demf}tfcg';f/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng gePsf sf/0f cfof]hgfx? cw'/f] /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o; ;DaGwdf
;DalGwt ;/f]sf/ jfnfnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ cw'/f cfof]hgf ;DkGg ug'{kb{5 .
16. zf]wegf{ – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #& df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;|f]taf6 vr{ u/L
bft[ kIfaf6 zf]wegf{ lng'kg]{ /sdsf] vr{sf kmfF6jf/Lx? ;+nUg u/L bft[kIf;dIf a9Ldf k}+tfnL;
lbgleq zf]wegf{ dfu ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{;Dd sf]ifn] ?=$$ s/f]8 @% nfv #^ xhf/ zf]wegf{
lng afFsL b]lvPsf]n] pQm /sd zf]wegf{ lng'kb{5 .
17. xjfO{ ef8f – hfkfg ;fdflhs ljsf; sf]ifaf6 vr{ Joxf]g]{ u/L ef/tsf] cfu/ftnfdf /x]sf] lqk'/f
AofDjf] ld;gdf ;g\ @)!* hgj/L !% b]lv @@ ;Dd sf]ifsf #$ sd{rf/L e|d0f ug{ cft]hft] xjfO{
l6s6afkt Ps 6«fen Ph]G;LnfO{ ?=!! nfv *& xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]kl5 e|d0f :ylut ePsf] b]lvof] .
l6s6sf] /sd lkmtf{ gx'g] -gg\l/km08]an_ l6s6 lnPsf]n] pQm /sd lkmtf{ ePsf] b]lvPg . sfo{qmd
:ylut kZrft\ ;/sf/nfO{ cgfjZos Jooef/ kg{ uPsf] 5 .
sfo{d"ns tyf ljz]if n]vfk/LIf0f
ul/aL lgjf/0f sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog
g]kfndf xfn rf}wf}+ of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf] / kGw|f}+ of]hgf tof/Lsf] r/0fdf /x]sf] 5 . ;a} of]hgfdf
ul/aL lgjf/0fnfO{ pRr k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf] b]lvG5 . lg/k]If ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf] hg;+VofnfO{ 36fO{
ul/aL lgjf/0fdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg ;/sf/af6 ljleGg sfo{qmd tyf ;+/rgfTds Joj:yf ePsf] ;fy} lghL tyf
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?;d]t ;+nUg /x]sf 5g\ . bft[lgsfox?n] ;d]t ul/aL lgjf/0fnfO{ pRr k|fyldstfdf /fvL
;xfotf k|bfg ul//x]sf 5g\ . oBlk @)&$.&% sf] cGTodf !*=& k|ltzt hg;+Vof ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf]
cj:yf 5 . g]kfndf ;+rflnt ul/aL lgjf/0f sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsfl/tf d"NofÍg ug{] p2]Zon] sfo{d"ns
n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] 5 . n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f b]xfoadf]lhd 5g\M
18. ul/aLsf] kl/efiff — ljZj a}Ín] k|ltlbg k|ltJolQm cd]l/sL 8n/ !=( eGbf sd cfDbfgL x'g]nfO{,
;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] Go"gtd hLjg:t/ sfod /fVg cfjZos ;fwgsf] cefjn] ubf{ cfly{s, ;fdflhs,
dgf]j}1flgs ?kn] jl~rt x'g] l:yltnfO{ tyf ef/t / rLgn] b}lgs cfDbfgLnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL
ul/aLnfO{ kl/eflift u/]sf 5g\ . ul/aL lgjf/0fsf] /0fgLltkqsf] ?kdf k|:t't ul/Psf] bzf}+ of]hgfn]
ul/aLnfO{ kl/eflift gu/L ;f]sf cfofdsf] dfq JofVof u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn hLjg:t/ dfkg ;e{]If0f,
@)!).!! n] k|ltJolQm k|ltlbg ;/b/ @@@) Sofnf]/L pkef]u / jflif{s cfo ?=!( xhf/ @^! x'g'kg{]
pNn]v u/]sf]n] ;f]eGbf sd cfo x'g]nfO{ u/La dfGg ;lsg] cj:yf 5 . ul/aL lgjf/0f P]g, @)^# df
u/La eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;do ;dodf tf]s]sf] /fli6«o jf If]qut ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf, lzIff
:jf:Yoh:tf dfgj ljsf;sf ;"rsx?sf cfwf/df lk5l8Psf / /fli6«o ljsf; k|lqmofdf ;dfj]z x'g
g;s]sf] JolQm jf ;d"xnfO{ ;Demg'kg{] pNn]v 5 . t/ ul/aL lgjf/0f;Fu ;DjlGwt cGo sfo{qmdx?df
ul/aLsf] :ki6 kl/efiff ul/Psf] 5}g . ul/aLsf] kl/efiff g} :ki6 gx'Fbf sfo{qmd ;+rfngdf cf–cfˆg}
JofVof u/]sf] b]lvG5 . kl/efiffdf /x]sf] låljwf x6fpg ul/aLsf] :ki6 kl/efiff x'g'kb{5 .
19. ul/aL dfkg tyf klxrfg — ljZjsf clwsf+z /fi6«n] ul/aL dfkg ug{ ax'cfoflds ;"rs ljlw
ckgfPsf] / ef/tnufotsf sltko /fi6«n] qmozlQm ;dtf ljlwåf/f ul/aL dfkg ug{] u/]sf 5g\ .
g]kfndf s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefun] ;g\ @)!* df ax'cfoflds ;"rs ljlwaf6 ul/aL dfkg u/]sf]df
@*=^ k|ltzt ul/aL /x]sf] pNn]v 5 . /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]uaf6 kGw|f}+ of]hgfsf] cfwf/ kq tof/ ug{]
qmddf rf}wf}+ of]hgfsf] ;dLIff ubf{{ @)&$.&% sf] cGTodf ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf] hg;+Vof !*=&
k|ltzt /x]]sf] pNn]v 5 . ul/aL lgjf/0f sf]ifn] ul/aLsf] dfkg tyf klxrfg vfB ;'/Iffsf] cfwf/df
dfq u/]sf] 5 . cGo sfo{qmdx?n] leGgf leGg} ?kdf ul/aLsf] dfkg / klxrfg u/]sf 5g\ . ul/aLsf]
jf:tljs klxrfg ug{ :yfkgf ul/Psf] u/La 3/kl/jf/ ;xof]u ;dGjo af]8{n] @)&@ ;fndf @^
lhNnfsf # nfv (! xhf/ * ;o #! 3/kl/jf/ u/La ePsf] klxrfg u/L kl/rokq ljt/0f ug{]
sfo{qmdsf] ;'?jft u/]tfklg tYof+s oyfy{ gePsf] sf/0f ;DkGg x'g;s]sf] 5}g . o;y{ ;/sf/n]
j:t'lgi7 cfwf/ / ;"rs tof/ u/L u/Lasf] klxrfg / dfkg ug{'kb{5 .
20. cfjlws of]hgf / ul/aL lgjf/0f— ljZf]iftM gjf}+ / bzf}+ of]hgfdf ul/aL lgjf/0fnfO{ pRr k|fyldstf
lbPsf] b]lvG5 . bzf}+ of]hgfn] ul/aL lgjf/0fsf] nflu pRr, lbuf] / km/flsnf] cfly{s j[l4, ;fdflhs
If]q / u|fdL0f k"jf{wf/ ljsf;, nlIft sfo{qmd / ;'zf;g sfod ug{]u/L /0fgLlt lglZrt u/]sf] 5 .
To;kl5sf of]hgfx?df ;d]t ul/aL lgjf/0f ub{} cfly{s ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0f ug{] p2]Zo /fvL ;f]xL
cg'?ksf sfo{qmdsf] Joj:yf ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;/sf/ / bft[ lgsfon] ul/aL lgjf/0fnfO{ k|fyldstfdf
/fvL sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]tfklg nIo cg'?k k|ult gx'Fbf k|If]lkt pknlJw xfl;n ePsf] 5}g . b]zdf
cfly{s j[l4b/ Go"g /x]sf], ;a} hgtfdf ljB't, vfg]kfgLsf] ;'ljwf gk'u]sf], cem}klg sltko
afnjflnsf lzIffaf6 jl~rt x'g'k/]sf], dfu cg';f/sf] ljB't pknAw gx'Fbf cf}Bf}lus pTkfbgdf j[l4
x'g g;s]sf] tyf OGwg cfoftdf caf{} /sd vr{ eO{/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . nIo xfl;n gx'g'df ;a} h;f]
of]hgfdf /fhgLlts ;ª\qmd0f, ;'zf;gsf] cefj, s[lif pTkfbgdf j[l4 gePsf], pmhf{ ;+s6,
;sf/fTds / ;'dw'/ >d ;DaGwsf] cefj, cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgdf x|f;nufotsf sf/0f pNn]v u/]sf]
kfOG5 . To;kl5sf of]hgfdf klxrfg ePsf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu cfjZos /0fgLlt tyf sfo{qmd
NofO{ nIocg'?k k|ult xfl;n ug{ k|oTg u/]sf] kfOPg . ctM cfjlws of]hgfx?df k|efjsf/L /0fgLlt
tyf sfo{qmdsf] Joj:yf u/L ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog x'g'kb{5 .
21. ul/aL 36fpg] nIo — gjf}F of]hgfsf] z'?df ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lgsf] hg;+Vof $@ k|ltzt /x]sf]df t]x|f+}
of]hgfsf] cGTodf k'Ubf @!=^ k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 . oBlk s'g}klg of]hgfx?df lnOPsf] nIo cg'?k
k|ult ePsf] kfOPg . pbfx/0fsf] nflu gjf}+ of]hgfsf] cjlwdf !) k|ltzt ul/aL 36fpg] nIo
/x]sf]df $ k|ltztdfq / t]x|fF} of]hgf cjlwdf %=* k|ltzt ul/aL 36fpg] nIo lnPsf]df @=@
k|ltztdfq ul/aL 36]sf] 5 . To;}u/L k|To]s of]hgfdf Ps} k|s[ltsf] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ugf{n] ul/aL
lgjf/0fdf ck]lIft glthf k|fKt ePsf] b]lvFb}g . of]hgfsf nIo k|fKt ug]{ u/L sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ug{'kb{5 .
22. dfgj ljsf; ;"rsfÍ — dfgj ljsf;sf] cj:yf / ;f];Fu ;DalGwt ;"rsn] hgtfsf] hLjg:t/sf]
dfkg ub{5 . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmdn] ;g\ @)!* df k|sfzg u/]sf] ;"rs cg';f/ ljZjsf]
cf};t ;"rsfÍeGbf g]kfnsf] l:ylt cem} klg Go"g 5M

;"rsfÍsf] t'ngf ljZjsf] cf};t cj:yf -@)!&_ g]kfnsf] cj:yf -@)!&_
x\o'dg 8]en]kd]G6 OG8]S; Eofn' )=&@* )=%&$
OGOSjfln6L P8\h:6]8 x\o'dg 8]en]kd]G6 OG8]S; Eofn' )=%*@ )=$@&
h]G8/ 8]en]kd]G6 OG8]S; Eofn' )=($! )=(@%
h]G8/ OGOSjfln6L OG8]S; Eofn' )=$$! )=$*)
lugL sf]lkm;]G6 #@=*
ax'cfoflds ul/aL dfkg ;"rsf+s @*=^
pQm ;"rsfÍdf g]kfn !*^ /fi6«dWo] !$( cf}+ :yfgdf /x]sf] 5 . cfosf] c;dfgtf bzf{pg]
lugL sf]lkm;]G6klg #@=* /x]sf]n] wgL / ul/aLlarsf] b"/L pRr /x]sf] 5 . o;y{ ;/sf/n] ul/aL
lgjf/0f ug{ u/]sf nufgL / k|of; pknlAwd"ns b]lvPg .
23. sfo{qmdaLr ;dGjo — ul/aL lgjf/0f;DaGwL sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{ cnu cnu ;+:yf tyf
sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ . dGqfnox?df ;~rflnt ul/a nlIft sfo{qmdsf] cWoog ubf{
dGqfnon] xfn %) eGbf a9L u/La nlIft sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sf] kfO{of] . To;sf cltl/Qm /fli6«o
tyf cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, lghL If]q, ljQLo If]q;d]tn] ul/aL lgjf/0fsf] p2]Zodf ;xof]u ug{
ljleGg sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sf 5g\ . s]xL k|d'v sfo{qmdsf] ljj/0f lgDgfg';f/ 5M
qm=;+= lgsfo÷sfo{qmd Z'f? jif{ sfo{qmd cjlw nlIft ;d"x sfo{If]q
! ul/aL lgjf/0f sf]if 2060 @)&% ;Dd Uf/LaLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf] hg;+Vof ^@ lhNnf, %%$ :yfgLo
tx
@ n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd 1998 lg/Gt/ ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf gful/ssf kl/jf/sf && lhNnfsf, &%#
;b:ox? :yfgLo tx
:yfgLo zf;g tyf ;fd'bflos 2008 lg/Gt/ ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ?kdf kl5 k/]sf ;LdfGts[t && lhNnf, &%# :yfgLo
# ljsf; sfo{qmd gful/s tx
$ u/La;Fu ljZj]Zj/ sfo{qmd 2056 lg/Gt/ lgwf{l/t ;"rssf cfwf/df 5gf}6 ePsf] clt ljkGg &^ lhNnf -wflbª afx]s_,
kl/jf/ ##! :yfgLo tx
% o'jf tyf ;fgf Joj;foL 2065 lg/Gt/ k/Dk/fut ;Lk ePsf t/ k"FhLsf] cefjdf && lhNnf
:j/f]huf/ sf]if lhljsf]kfh{gdf ;d:of ef]lu/x]sf jf ;Lk l;s]/
:j/f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ rfxg] !* b]lv %)
jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf a]/f]huf/ o'jfx?
clwsf+z sfo{qmdx?n] nlIft ;d"x u7g tyf ;fd'bflos ;+:Yff lgdf{0f u/L sfo{ ;~rfng
u/]sf]df o:tf sfo{qmdn] nlIft ;d"x 5gf}6 u/L ;d"xdf cfj4 u/fpg], ;fd"lxs ?kdf sfo{qmd
;~rfng ug{], ;d"xdf g} k"FhL nufgL tyf cfo cfh{gsf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{] u/]sf 5g\ . Pp6}
;d'bfodf ;dfg k|s[ltsf PseGbf a9L sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf /x]sf]df To:tf sfo{qmdaLr kof{Kt
;dGjo gx'Fbf sfo{qmdut km/s km/s ;d"x u7g x'g] tyf Pp6} JolQm PseGbf a9L sfo{qmdsf]
nfeu|fxL /xg] b]lvPsf] 5 . To;}u/L ul/aL lgjf/0f;DaGwL sfo{qmd PsLs[t ?kdf ;~rfng x'g;s]sf]
b]lvFb}g . ctM ;a} sfo{qmdx?nfO{ Pp6} lgsfoaf6 ;~rfng ug{] ljsNkdf ;d]t Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
24. sfo{qmdsf nfeu|fxLdf bf]xf]/f]kgf – u/La nlIft sfo{qmdaLr ;dGjo gx'Fbf ljleGg sfo{qmdaf6 Pp6}
;d'bfo, kl/jf/ jf ;b:o nfeflGjt x'g] cj:yf 5 . ul/aL lgjf/0fsf nflu ;~rflnt lgDgfg';f/sf
sfo{qmdsf] ;d"x ;+Vof, ;b:o ;+Vof, lhNnfsf] hg;+Vof / ;b:o ;+Vof cg'kft k|ltzt lgDgfg';f/ 5M
n3' pBd ljsf; :yfgLo zf;g tyf ;fd'bflos
ul/aL lgjf/0f sf]if Dlxnf ljsf; sfo+qmd u/La;Fu ljZjZj/ s'n ;b:o/ hg;+Vof
lHfNnf sfo{qmd ljsf; sfo{qmd hg;+Vof cg'kft k|ltzt
;d"x;+Vof ;b:o;+Vof ;d"x;+Vof ;b:o;+Vof ;d"x;+Vof ;b:o;+Vof ;d"x;+Vof ;b:o;+Vof ;d"x;+Vof ;b:o;+Vof ;d"x;+Vof ;b:o;+Vof
d'u' 279 20791 17 164 1762 10894 69 796 48 1362 2175 34007 55286 61.51
/;'jf 301 9319 203 2605 982 5453 19 533 39 946 1544 18856 43300 43.55
8f]Nkf 208 6287 6 80 965 5443 66 786 46 1248 1291 13844 36700 37.72
h'Dnf 494 19217 436 2588 2045 11759 40 477 58 1679 3073 35720 108921 32.79
dgfª - - 8 81 182 1001 9 338 26 544 225 1964 6538 30.04
;|f]tM cWoog k|ltj]bg, @)&% k|wfgdGqL tyf dGqLkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no
g]kfn hLjg:t/ ;j{]If0f, @)!)÷!! cg';f/ d'u' / /;'jfdf ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lgsf] hg;+Vof
qmdzM @% xhf/ &*$ / !# xhf/ #@^ /x]sf]df plNnlvt kfFr sfo{qmddf cfj4 hg;+Vof qmdzM #$

xhf/ & / !* xhf/ *%^ /x]sf]n] u/La hg;+VofeGbf a9L ;b:o ;d"xdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;sf
cltl/Qm pQm lhNnfdf cGo sfo{qmdx? klg ;~rfngdf /x]sf] x'Fbf ;Dk"0f{ sfo{qmdx?sf] PsLs[t
tYofÍ lng] xf] eg] of] ;+Vof ce}ma9\g] lglZrt 5 . o;y{ o;af6 sfo{qmdx?aLr bf]xf]/f]kgf /x]sf] /
sfo{qmdx?af6 u/La hgtfdfq nfeflGjt geO{ u}/ u/La ;d]t nfeflGjt /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ctM
sfo{qmdx?sf] cg'udg / d"Nof+sgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg' kb{5 .
25. Pp6} ;d'bfodf sfo{qmd ;~rfng —ul/aL lgjf/0f;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{qmdx? lglZrt nIo /
p2]Zo;lxt lglZrt cjlwsf] nflu ;~rfng ug{'kg{]df w]/} cufl8sf] ;"rssf cfwf/df 5gf}6 ePsf
sfo{qmdx? k'gM ;f]xL ;"rsx?sf] cfwf/df lg/Gt/ ;~rfng eO{ /xg' pko'Qm b]lvb}g . ul/aL lgjf/0f
sf]ifsf] :yfkgf kl5 @)^!.^@ df gd'gf 5gf}6df k/]sf lhNnfdf ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx? :yfkgf eO{
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf]df To:tf ;+:yf xfn;Dd #@ xhf/ @&^ k'u]sf] 5 . To:tf ;fd'bflos
;+:yfnfO{ lglZrt cjlw;Dd /sd pknAw u/fO{ ;d'bfosf] hLjg:t/ psf:g'kg{]df nfdf] ;do;Dd
Pp6} ;+:yfnfO{ /sd pknAw u/fPsf]n] sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsfl/tfdf ljZj:t x'g] cj:yf b]lvPg .
sfo{qmdx?af6 lglZrt ;do kZrft glthf k|fKt x'g]u/L sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{'kb{5 .
26. nIo s]lGb|t sfo{qmd — u/La nlIft sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ubf{ jf:tljs u/Lasf] klxrfg u/L u/La
;d"x jf JolQmdf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{'kg{]df lhNnf jf If]qnfO{ a9L dxTj lbPsf] kfOof] . lhNnfdf
jf If]qdf /x]sf u/LanfO{ cfwf/ lnO{ w]/} u/La ePsf lhNnf jf If]qdf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ubf{
u/Lasf] ;+Vof sd ePsf lhNnf jf If]qsf u/Lax? sfo{qmdaf6 jl~rt x'g] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . rLgn]
gf]e]Da/ @)!# df z'? u/]sf] lk|l;;g k|f]e6L{ Plne];g /0fgLltcg';f/ ul/aL lgjf/0f sfo{qmd :yfg
ljz]if jf ;d"x ljz]ifdf gu/L u/La JolQm ljz]ifnfO{ b[li6ut u/L ;~rfng u/]sf]n] ul/aLsf]
/]vfd'lgsf] hg;+Vof pNn]Vo ?kdf 36]sf] b]lvG5 . ctM ul/aL lgjf/0f;DaGwL sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng
ubf{ lhNnf jf :yfgLo tx jf ufpF jf ;d"x s]lGb|t gu/L u/La JolQmsf] klxrfg u/L JolQm ;'xfpFbf]
;Lkd"ns tyf Joj;fohGo sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{'kb{5 .
27. cg'bfg k|0ffnL — ul/aL lgjf/0fsf] k|d'v cf}hf/sf] ?kdf xfn ljZjdf g} ;zt{ gub cg'bfg
k|0ffnLnfO{ lnPsf] kfOG5 . dfgjLo Ifdtf ljsf; u/L ul/aL lgjf/0f ug{ d]lS;sf], a|flhn,
lgsf/fu'jf, xf]08'/;, hd}sf, a+unfb]z, lrnL nufotsf b]zn] o:tf] cf}hf/sf] k|of]u u/L ;sf/fTds
glthf k|fKt u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ul/aL lgjf/0f sf]ifaf6 k|fKt clen]vcg';f/ @)^!.^@ b]lv xfn;Dd
3'DtLsf]ifsf] ?kdf #@ xhf/ @&^ ;fd'bflos ;+:yfdf sl/a ?=!$ ca{ lgzt{ cg'bfg pknAw u/fPsf]
/ ;f] sf]ifsf] kl/rfngaf6 tL ;+:yfn] sl/a ?=% ca{ cfDbfgL u/]sf] hgfP tfklg ;f] sfo{qmdaf6
pNn]Vo ?kdf ul/aL 36]sf] b]lvFb}g . lgzt{ ?kdf k|bfg ul/Psf] o; k|sf/sf] cg'bfg k|0ffnL
k|efjsf/L /x]sf] kfOPg .
o'jf tyf ;fgf Joj;foL :j/f]huf/ sf]ifn]] @)^% b]lv @)&% cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd ?=& ca{ @&
s/f]8 !! nfv @% xhf/ C0f nufgL u/]sf]dWo]] @)&$ cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd efvf gf3]sf] C0f ?=#@
s/f]8 %& nfv /x]sf] 5 . pQm C0f lkmtf{ ug{ ;DalGwt C0fLnfO{ k6s k6s kqfrf/ u/]klg C0f
c;'n gePsf] sf]ifn] hgfPsf] 5 . jf:tljs sfo{ ug{] JolQmn] cg'bfg k|fKt gug{] / sfd g} gug{]n]
cg'bfg C0f lnO{ ;dofjlw leq gltbf{ v/fj shf{ a9]sf] b]lvG5 . ;zt{ ?kdf C0f k|bfg u/L sfo{
u/fpFbf ;d]t ck]lIft pknlAw xfl;n gu/]sf] kfOof] . ctM cg'bfg k|0ffnLsf] ;DaGwdf cWoog u/L
k|efjsf/L k|0ffnL cjnDag ug{'kb{5 .
28. alxu{dg /0fgLlt — ul/aL lgjf/0f;Fu ;DalGwt clwsf+z sfo{qmd ;~rfng cjlw / df]8n;DaGwdf
:ki6tf ePsf] kfOPg . ul/aL lgjf/0f sf]ifaf6 b'O{ r/0fdf ;~rflnt sfo{qmd l8;]Da/ @)!* af6
;DkGg ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmd ;~rfngaf6 l;h{gf ePsf ;DklQ / ;fd'bflos ;+:yfsf]] 3'DtLsf]ifdf
/x]sf] sl/a ?=!( ca{ ?k}ofF kl/rfng ;DaGwdf cGof}ntf /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L sf]ifaf6 k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f
ug{ @)&$.&% ;Dd #(* lgdf{0f cfof]hgf;Fu ?=%@ s/f]8 ## nfvdf vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf]df?=#(
s/f]8 #$ nfv e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . tL lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg gx'Fb} ul/aL lgjf/0f sf]ifsf sfo{qmdsf]
cjlw ;DkGg ePsf] x'Fbf To:tf cfof]hgf cw'/f] /x]sf] 5 . ctM :ki6 alxu{dg /0fgLlt tyf
sfo{of]hgf ;lxt sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{'kb{5 .
29. j}b]lzs /f]huf/L / ul/aL — /]ld6]G;sf] k|efj :j?k s]xL bzs otf hgtfsf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/
ePsf], cfoft j[l4 ePsf], qmozlQmdf j[l4 ePsf] cflb sf/0fn] ul/aL Go"gLs/0fdf s]xL pknlJw
ePsf] b]lvG5 . j}b]lzs /f]huf/ ljefusf cg';f/ j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfgsf] nflu @)&!.&@ df $
nfv (( xhf/n], @)&@.&# df $ nfv # xhf/n] / @)&#.&$ df # nfv *# xhf/n] >d :jLs[lt
lnPsf] b]lvG5 . ;fy} g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf] tYofÍ cg';f/ @)&!.&@ df ?=% va{ $) cj{ % s/f]8,
@)&@.&# df ?=% va{ ($ ca{ %( s/f]8 / @)&#.&$ df ?=^ va{ @ ca{ %) s/f]8 /]ld6\ofG; g]kfn
lelqPsf] b]lvG5 . j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg] ;+Vof s]xL xb;Dd sd ePsf] b]lvPtfklg pQm sdL
cfpg'df ul/aL lgjf/0f;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{qmdsf] k|efj /x] g/x]sf] d"NofËg ePsf] 5}g . ctM j}b]lzs
/f]huf/Ldf hfg] hgzlStnfO{ b]zleq g} /f]huf/Lsf] l;h{gf ug{] sfo{df ul/aL lgjf/0f sfo{qmdx?
s]lGb|t x'g' cfjZos 5 .
lgisif{ — ul/aL lgjf/0f sfo{df ck]Iff cg'?k k|ult x'g;s]sf] 5}g . cfjlws of]hgfx?n] lnPsf nIox?
tf]lsPadf]lhd xfl;n x'g;s]sf] 5}g . wgL / u/LaaLrsf] b"/L cem} a9\b} uO{/x]sf]] 5 . w]/} lgsfoaf6 ul/aL
lgjf/0fsf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ePsf]df sfo{qmd tyf ;+:yfaLr ;dGjosf] cefj 5 . w]/} sfo{qmd Pp6}
;d"xdf nfu" x'Fbf To:tf sfo{qmddf ePsf] vr{sf] k|efjsfl/tf b]lvPsf] 5}g . u/La nlIft sfo{qmdx?sf]
lgoldt cg'udg / d"NofÍg x'g;s]sf] 5}g . ul/aL lgjf/0fsf] nflu gLlt, sfo{gLlt, /0fgLlt tof/ ug{],
sfo{qmd tyf pkof]u ug{] Psåf/ ;+u7gsf] cefj /x]sf] 5 . k|To]s cfjlws of]hgfdf ul/aL 36fpg] p2]Zo
lnP tfklg nIo k'/f gx'gfsf] k|d'v sf/0fx? klxrfg u/L ;f] ;'wf/ ug]{ k|lta4tf a]u/ k'gM ;f]xL p2]Zo
bf]xf]¥ofpg] u/]sf] l:ylt 5 . ul/aL Go"gLs/0f cGt/;DalGwt ljifo ePsfn] o;sf nflu ;/sf/L, ;xsf/L,
;fd'bflos, lghL / u}/;/sf/L If]q tyf ljsf; ;fe]mbf/sf] PsLs[t / ;dGjofTds e"ldsfdfk{mt ul/aL
lgjf/0fsf] k|oTg u/]df …;+d[4 g]kfn, ;'vL g]kfnLÆ sf] /fli6«o ;f]r ;kmn x'g] b]lvG5 .
pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfkm{t ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f
;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g / lgodfjnLsf] Joj:yf cg';f/ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txaf6 ;~rfng x'g]
ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfddf pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] ;+nUgtf /xg] u/]sf] 5 . pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ /fHosf]ifsf] /sd
lbO{ ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{sf] lhDdf lbg] k|j[lQ a9\b} hfg'n] o;nfO{ ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] Ps df]8nsf] ?kdf ckgfpg
vf]h]sf] b]lvG5 . pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfkm{t ;Dkflbt sfo{sf] k|efjsfl/tf d"NofÍg ug]{ p2]Zon] ul/Psf] sfo{d"ns
n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf k|d'v Joxf]/f b]xfoadf]lhd 5g\M
30. pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] clen]v – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod (&-!!_ df ;fj{hlgs
lgsfon] pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 ePsf] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] clen]v /fVg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . hn;|f]t, lgdf{0f,
lzIff, :jf:Yo, :yfgLo ljsf; h:tf lgsfox?n] pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfkm{t u/fPsf] sfo{sf] s]Gb|Lo
clen]v /fv]]sf] b]lvPg . pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfkm{t lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fO{ nfut cg'dfgs} xf/fxf/Ldf /sd
e'QmfgL ubf{ d"Nodf k|lt:kwf{ x'g] u/]sf] 5}g . lgsfout gLlt, sfg'g, lgodfjnL / sfo{ljlwdf
pkef]Qmf ;ldlt btf{ / gjLs/0fsf] Joj:yfdf ljljwtf 5 . If]qut ?kdf hn pkef]Qmf, vfg]kfgL
pkef]Qmf, jg pkef]Qmf, dWojtL{ If]q pkef]Qmf nufotsf ;ldltx? tt\ tt\ If]qdf btf{ / gjLs/0f
x'g] eP tfklg :yfgLo tx nufot cGo ;/sf/L lgsfo;Fu ;Da4 pkef]Qmf ;ldlt btf{ tyf
gjLs/0fa]u/ ;~rfngdf cfpg] u/]sf 5g\ .

k|fKt tYofÍcg';f/ vfg]kfgL If]qdf $! xhf/, l;FrfO If]qdf #) xhf/, jg If]qdf #) xhf/,
dWojtL{ If]qdf sl/a @ ;o, s[lif / kz'tkm{ sl/a ! xhf/, :yfgLo tx &%# df @ nfv @% xhf/
()) ;d]t # nfv @* xhf/ ! ;o pkef]Qmf ;ldlt sfo{/t 5g\ . pkef]Qmf ;ldltx?dWo] ! nfvsf]
xf/fxf/Ldf :yfoL k|s[ltsf pkef]Qmf ;ldlt /x] tfklg clwsf+z pkef]Qmf ;ldltx? cfjZostfg';f/
k6s] ?kdf u7g u/L ;~rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ eg] ;/sf/L lgsfox?n] pkef]Qmf ;ldlt;Fu sfo{
u/fpFbf ug]{ ;Demf}tf Pj+ zt{df Ps?ktf /x]sf] 5}g . pkef]Qmf ;ldlt;DaGwL PsLs[t clen]v tof/
u/L lgodg ug'{kb{5 .
31. nfut ;fem]bf/L – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod (&-@_ adf]lhd pkef]Qmf jf
nfeu|fxLdfkm{t sfo{ u/fpFbf hg;xeflutfsf] c+z ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ljutdf :yfgLo
lgsfotkm{ ;|f]t kl/rfng sfo{ljlw, @)^( df Go"gtd !) k|ltztn] g36\g] u/L hg;xeflutfsf] c+z
ls6fg u/]sf]df xfn :yfgLo tx cfkm}n] lgdf{0f u/]sf sfo{ljlwdf z"Go k|ltztb]lv %) k|ltzt,
emf]n'Ë] k'n lgb]{lzsfn] @ k|ltzt, l;FrfO gLlt / sfo{ljlwn] # k|ltzt, ;fgf zx/L vfg]kfgL
cfof]hgftkm{ sDtLdf ! k|ltzt hg;xeflutf /xg] Joj:yf u/]sf 5g\ . pkef]Qmf ;ldlt;Fu nfut
;fe]mbf/L ug]{ u/L ;Demf}tf eP tfklg ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt k|ltztn] x'g] /sd s§f gu/]sf]n] lhNnf
jg sfof{no, afun'ªn] @ of]hgfdf ?=# nfv !# xhf/, l;FrfO ljsf; l8lehg sfof{no, afUn'ªn] &
of]hgfdf ?=!@ nfv $& xhf/ / l;FrfO ljsf; l8lehg, ;Kt/Ln] ! of]hgfdf ?=@ nfv @( xhf/
a9L e'QmfgL lbPsf]] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ u/L hg;xeflutfsf] b/, k|s[lt, If]q / ljlwdf
Ps?ktf NofO{ cg'kflts s§L Joj:yfsf] ;'lglZrttf ul/g'kb{5 .
32. lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] ;+nUgtf – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod (& -!)_ pkef]Qmf
;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfon] k|fKt u/]sf] sfd cfk}mF ug'{kg]{ / ;f] gu/L lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ ;+nUg
u/fOPsf] kfOPdf ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] pQm pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfo;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tf
/2 u/L To:tf] pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfonfO{ eljiodf To:tf] sfd ug{ glbg] Joj:yf 5 .
e"ldut hn l;FrfO ljsf; l8lehg, ?kGb]xLsf # pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] @ lgdf{0f Jofj;foLaf6 l8k
6\o'aj]n h8fg ug]{ sfo{ u/fO{ ?=## nfv $$ xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L hn pTkGg k|sf]k
Joj:yfkg l8lehg, wg'iffn] pkef]Qmf ;ldlt;Fu ;+emf}tf u/]sf] gbL lgoGq0fsf] Ps sfd lgdf{0f
Joj;foLdfkm{t u/fO{ ?=!) nfv %& xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ l8lehg
sfof{no, sf7df8f}FcGtu{t Ps 6f]n ljsf; ;ldltn] ;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf] sfd Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLaf6
u/fO{ ?=$@ nfv #* xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 eg] ;f]nf/ P08 jf6/ l6«6d]G6;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ lgdf{0f
Joj;foLdfkm{t u/fPsf] 5 . To:t} vfg]kfgL ;/;kmfO{ l8lehg sfof{no, tgx'F\cGtu{t Ps pkef]Qmf
;ldltn] ljB'tLo ;fdfg vl/b h8fg;DaGwL sfo{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ lhDdf lbO{ ?=$# nfv &^
xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . o;/L cfk"mn] lnPsf] sfd lgdf{0f Joj;foLaf6 u/fpg] pkef]Qmf
;ldltx?nfO{ lgodsf] Joj:yfcg';f/ sf/afxL u/]sf] 5}g . ctM pkef]Qmf ;ldlt;Fu ;Demf}tf u/]sf]
lgdf{0f sfo{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLdfk{mt u/fpg] k4ltdf lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
33. x]eL d]l;gsf] k|of]u – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod (&-(_ df pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6
;~rfng x'g] lgdf{0f sfo{df nf]8/, PS;fe]6/, /f]n/, 8f]h/, u|]8/, la6'ldg AjfOn/h:tf ef/L pks/0f
k|of]u ug{ gx'g] pNn]v 5 . lgodsf] pQm Joj:yf ljk/Lt ljleGg && :yfgLo txn] u/]sf lgdf{0f
sfo{df ef/L pks/0f k|of]u u/L ?=%( s/f]8 %& nfv &* xhf/ vr{ u/]sf 5g\ . e"ldut hn l;FrfO
ljsf; l8lehg, ndxLn] o; jif{ pkef]Qmf ;ldltx?dfkm{t $! l8k 6\o'aj]n h8fg u/L ?=& s/f]8
*@ nfv ^( xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . l8k 6\o'aj]n h8fg ug]{ sfo{ x]eL -l/u_ d]l;g rflxg] hl6n
k|s[ltsf] x'g] / pke]fQmf ;ldlt;Fu pQm d]l;gsf] ;fy} k|fljlws 1fg;d]t gePsf] cj:yfdf pQm sfo{
pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfkm{t u/fPsf] 5 .
ctM pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfk{mt u/fpg] sfo{df ef/L pks/0fsf] k|of]u ;DaGwdf yk :ki6tf
ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
34. of]hgf x:tfGt/0f / dd{t ;Def/ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod (&-!@_ adf]lhd
lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePkl5 ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] ;f]sf] /]vb]v, dd{t ;Def/ ug]{ lhDd]jf/L;d]t tf]sL
cfof]hgfsf] :jfldTj pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfonfO{ g} x:tfGt/0f ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
;fj{hlgs lgsfox?n] pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfkm{t u/]sf sfo{ ;DkGg e};s]kl5 :jtM x:tfGt/0f x'g] tyf
dd{t ;Def/sf] lhDd]jf/L;d]t pkef]Qmfsf] g} x'g] x'Fbf ;Demf}tfdf /fVg] u/]sf 5g\ . :yfoL k|s[ltsf
pkef]Qmf ;ldltx? vfg]kfgL, jg, l;FrfO / dWojtL{ If]qsf pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 t'ngfTds ?kdf
dd{t ;Def/sf sfo{ ;Dkfbg x'g] u/]sf] b]lvP tfklg k6s] ?kdf ul7t pkef]Qmf ;ldltx?dfk{mt
;DkGg cfof]hgf x:tfGt/0f x'g] u/]sf 5}g . n]vfk/LIf0fsf] qmddf ## OsfO{af6 k|fKt n]vfk/LIf0f
k|ZgfjnLsf] hjfkmdf ^ OsfO{n] dfq x:tfGt/0f u/]sf], % OsfO{n] x:tfGt/0fsf] Joj:yf g} gu/]sf],
!$ OsfOn] ;Demf}tf ubf{ g} x:tfGt/0f;DaGwL a'Fbf pNn]v ug]{ u/]sf] / ^ OsfO{n] sfo{ ;DkGg
e};s]kl5 x:tfGt/0f sfo{ gx'g] hgfPsf 5g\ . ;DkGg of]hgf x:tfGt/0f kZrft\ dd{t ;Def/ eP
gePsf] cg'udg x'g] u/]sf] klg 5}g . pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfkm{t lgld{t ;+/rgfsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkgsf
nflu aLdf, Go"gQd cjlw;Dd dd{t ;Def/sf] lhDd]jf/L, dd{t ;Def/sf] sfo{ of]hgf tyf ;]jf z'Ns
lng] ;+/rgf / ;f]sf] ljlw tof/ u/L sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 .
35. :jfldTj – pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfk{mt ;DkGg u/]sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DalGwt pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ x:tfGt/0f
u/L pkef]Qmfn] :jfldTj u|x0f ug'{kg]{df l;Gw'nL lhNnfsf] Ps hn pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] /f]zL vf]nfdf
*& ld6/ r]s8\ofd lgdf{0f sfo{ u/]afkt pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ ?=#& nfv !$ xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf]df
!% ld6/ 9nfg sfo{ u'0f:t/o'Qm gePsf], 9nfg kvf{nsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu r]s8\ofd gagfPsf]n]
kvf{n hf]lvddf /x]sf], #** ju{ld6/df j[Iff/f]k0f gu/]sf], #$$ ju{ld6/df :nf]k ldnfO{ dlNrª
u/]sf]df la?jf g} g/x]sf] b]lvPsf]n] pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] :jfldTj u|x0f u/]sf] b]lvPg . To:t} vf8f] gbL
lgoGq0f ug{ ul7t Ps pkef]Qmf ;ldlt, /fhlj/fh !) nfO{ 8]p/L, e?jf, la/f]ndf k|f]s'kfOg lgdf{{0f
/ h8fg sfo{afkt ?=*% nfv ($ xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf] ;DaGwdf :ynut cjnf]sg ubf{ afF;x?
ufpFn]n] nlu;s]sf], k|f]s'kfOgx? ef+FlrPsf, 6'6k'm6 ePsf], g6af]N6 lemlsPsf] b]lvPsf]n] pkef]Qmf
;ldlt lhDd]jf/ ePsf] b]lvPg . ctM pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfk{mt ePsf] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] :jfldTj
x:tfGt/0f u/L ;DalGwt pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
36. ;Dkflbt sfo{sf] u'0f:t/ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod (&-#_ df ;fj{hlgs lgsfo
/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltaLr ;Demf}tf ubf{ pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfkm{t ;Dkfbg ul/g] sfo{sf] ;'kl/j]If0f Pj+
u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f ug]{ pNn]v 5 . pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] u/]sf sfnf]kq], tf/hfnL lgdf{0f, ejg lgdf{0f
nufotsf sfo{df Nofa k/LIf0f ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvP tfklg cGo ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] sfddf u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f
;DaGwdf kof{Kt Wofg lbOPsf] 5}g . ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] pkef]Qmf ;ldlt;Fu ug]{ ;Demf}tfdf g}
;DkGg ug'{kg]{ sfdsf] u'0f:t/, ldtJolotf / lbuf]kgf ;DaGwdf pNn]v u/L ;f]adf]lhd eP gePsf]
r]shfFr / d"NofÍg ug'{kg]{df u/]sf] kfOPg .
hn pTkGg k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ljefun] clwsf+z sfo{ pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfkm{t u/fPsf] 5 . tf/
hfnL vl/b u/L a'Gg] k|s[ltsf] sfo{df pkef]Qmf ;ldlt ;+nUg ePsf] t/ tf/hfnLsf] u'0f:t/sf
;DaGwdf k|fljlws k'i6\ofOF / k|dfl0ft x'g] u/]sf] 5}g eg] :yfgLo txaf6 pkef]Qmfdfkm{t x'g] sfddf
u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f ug]{ u/fpg] u/]sf] 5}g . pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 ug]{ sfddf ;d]t u'0f:t/ k/LIf0fsf]
Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
37. t'ngfTds ljZn]if0f – ljBdfg P]g, lgodfjnL / sfo{ljlwadf]lhd pkef]Qmf ;ldlt / lgdf{0f
Joj;foLdfkm{t sfo{ u/fpg] ljleGg Joj:yf /x]sf 5g\ . n]vfk/LIf0fsf] qmddf lgdf{0f Joj;foL /
pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfkm{t ul/Psf sfo{sf] t'ngf ug{ k|of; ul/P tfklg sfo{ u/fpg] If]q, sfo{sf] k|s[lt,
b/ /]6df cf]e/x]8 Pj+ d"No clej[l4 s/sf] km/s, k|lt:kwf{sf] :t/, :yfgLo :t/df pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf]
r]tgf :t/, :yfgLo txdf g]t[Tjsf] k|fyldstf cflbsf sf/0fn] ;dfg k|s[ltsf of]hgf klxNofpg
sl7g ePsf sf/0f t'ngfTds ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsPg . tyflk n]vfk/LIf0f k|ZgfjnLsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{
## OsfO{dWo] !! n] t'ngfTds ljZn]if0f x'g] gu/]sf], !) n] of]hgfsf] k|s[lt / ;dodf e/ kg]{ tyf &
OsfO{n] pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 ePsf] sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L ePsf] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . ;/f]sf/jfnf;Fusf]
5nkmnsf] qmddf lgdf{0f Joj;foLdfkm{t sfo{ u/fpg ;fj{hlgs lgsfox? OR5's b]lvP tfklg
:yfgLo txdf hgk|lglwx? pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfkm{t sfo{ u/fpg hf]8 lbg] u/]sf sf/0f cf–cfˆgf]
cg's"ntfdf k|fyldstf lbg] u/]sf 5g\ . ef/L pks/0f / hl6n k|s[ltsf] sfo{ ;dfj]z ePsf sfo{df
pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ ;dfj]z ug'{eGbf :yfgLo >d / ;Lksf] k|of]u x'g] If]qdf dfq pkef]Qmf
;ldltnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg hf]8 lbg'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 . clws ;+Vofdf pkef]Qmfdfk{mt lgdf{0f sfo{ ubf{
pkef]Qmf ;ldlt;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{sf] Joj:yfkg lbgfg'lbg hl6n aGb} uPsf] cj:yfdf nfutdf
k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ sd ;+Vofdf /0fgLlts dxTjsf of]hgf ;~rfng ug]{ / ;f]sf] lgu/fgLdf dfq
pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] k4ltsf] ljsf; ug'{kb{5 .
38. vr{ ;fj{hlgsLs/0f Pj+ ;fdflhs k/LIf0f – ;fjh{lgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod (&
adf]lhd pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfon] x/]s ls:tfsf] sfdsf] k|fljlws d"NofÍg, lan,
e/kfO{{ / vr{{ k|dfl0ft ug]{ cGo sfuhft To:tf] ;ldlt jf ;d'bfosf] a}7saf6 cg'df]bg u/fO{
;DalGwt ;fj{hlgs lgsfodf k]; ug'{ kg]{, k|To]s ls:tfdf u/]sf] vr{sf] ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ug'{kg]{ /
tf]s]sf] cjlwleq ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 ;~rflnt of]hgfsf]
km/kmf/s ubf{ k|fljlws gfkhfFr u/]sf] ldlt tyf sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bgdf sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] ldlt
pNn]v ug]{ gu/]sf], pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 ePsf] sfdsf] vr{ ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] sfuhft ;|]:tf;fy
;+nUg g/x]sf] / tf]lsPadf]lhd ;fdflhs k/LIf0f gu/fPsfn] lgoddf ePsf] Joj:yfadf]lhd vr{ /
k|lqmof ;DaGwdf kf/blz{tf sfod ug'{kb{5 .
lgisif{ – ;fj{hlgs lgsfox?df km/s km/s 9Ën] pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7g / pkof]u ul/g', pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6
/ k|lt:kwf{af6 u/fPsf] sfo{sf] ljQLo, ef}lts / u'0f:t/ ljZn]if0f gul/g', pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfkm{t sfo{ u/fpg]
;Demf}tf u/L 3'dfp/f] ?kdf lgdf{0f Joj;foLdfk{mt sfo{ u/fpg', ;DkGg of]hgfsf] dd{t ;Def/ / lbuf]kgfdf
Wofg gk'¥ofpg' h:tf sf/0fx?n] pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfkm{t sfo{ u/fP tfklg ck]Iffcg'?k u'0f:t/o'Qm / lbuf]
k|ltkmn xfl;n x'g ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g . ctM ;fgfltgf >dk|wfg sfo{ afx]s cGo lgdf{0f sfo{ lgdf{0f
Joj;foLdfk{mt u/fO{ pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] ;f] sfdsf] lgu/fgL ug]{, sfo{ ;DkGg ePkZrft\ pkef]Qmf ;ldltdf
x:tfGt/0f ug]{, :jfldTj u|x0f ug]{ / dd{t ;Def/ u/L lbuf]kgf sfod ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 . u7g ePsf
pkef]Qmf ;ldltx?sf] lg/Gt/ lgodgsf] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
;/sf/L ;jf/L;fwg Joj:yfkg
g]kfn ;/sf/n] clt ljlzi6, ljlzi6 / /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fL;Ddsf kbflwsf/L Pj+ sd{rf/L /
;/sf/L sfdsf nflu cGo sd{rf/Ln] cfjZostfcg';f/ ;/sf/L ;jf/L;fwg k|of]u ug]{ gLlt cjnDag ub}{
cfPsf] 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm PsLs[t ;jf/L ;]jf, lg/LIf0f tyf cg'udg, ;'/Iff Joj:yf tyf sd{rf/L
b/aGbLcg';f/ ;jf/L k'ndf ;/sf/L ;jf/L;fwg k|of]u x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . ;/sf/L ;jf/L;fwg Joj:yfkgdf
ldtJolotf tyf sfo{bIftf Nofpg] p2]Zon] ;jf/L Joj:yfkgsf] ;du| kIf d"NofÍg ug{ sfo{d"ns n]vfk/LIf0f
ul/Psf] 5 . sfo{d"ns n]vfk/LIf0fjf6 b]lvPsf k|d'v Joxf]/f b]xfoadf]lhd 5g\M
39. PsLs[t clen]v – g]kfn ;/sf/sf dGqfno tyf cGtu{tsf lgsfon] cfˆgf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf
;jf/L;fwgsf] cj:yf / d"No v'Ng] PsLs[t clen]v /fv]sf] b]lvFb}g . oftfoft Joj:yf ljefun]
pknAw u/fPsf] tYofÍadf]lhd ;/sf/L gDa/df b'O{ kf+u|] ;jf/L;fwg #% xhf/ @*) / rf/ kf+u|]
;jf/L;fwg @! xhf/ (% j6f btf{ ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . n]vfk/LIf0fsf nflu ^) lgsfoaf6 ljj/0f
dfu ubf{ g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/L u/L @ lgsfodf dfq PsLs[t clen]v /x]sf] / cGo lgsfon]
cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] dfq clen]v /fv]sf] hjfkm lbPsf 5g\ . dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] @)&)

;fndf ;jf/L;fwgsf] s]Gb|Lo nut /fv]sf]df To;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO{ cBfjlws u/]sf] 5}g .
;jf/L;fwgsf] clen]vfÍg sfo{ Jojl:yt agfpg'kb{5 .
40. ;jf/L;fwg dd{t Pj+ pkof]u – ;fj{hlgs vr{df ldtJolotf / k|efjsfl/tf sfod ug]{ ;DaGwL
gLltut dfu{bz{g, @)&% hf/L u/L vr{df ldtJolotf Nofpg g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgb]{zg hf/L u/]sf] 5 .
;jf/L;fwgsf] x:tfGt/0f, lnnfd, OGwg, dd{t cflb ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf yk Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
40.1 l;+xb/af/l:yt @@ dGqfnodf ! xhf/ !!% df]6/;fOsn / * ;o ;jf/L;fwg /x]sf]df ()(
df]6/;fOsn / ^@@ ;jf/L;fwg dfq rfn' xfntdf /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . To;}u/L (# df]6/;fOsn /
*$ ;jf/L;fwg dd{t ;Def/ u/L ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg]df dd{t ;Def/ u/]sf] b]lvPg . dd{t x'g
g;Sg] eO{ lnnfd ug'{kg]{ cj:yfdf (@ df]6/;fOsn / ^* ;jf/L;fwgdWo] k|wfgdGqLsf] lgb]{zg
kZrft !! df]6/;fOsn -!=(^ k|ltzt_ / ( ;jf/L;fwg -!#=@$ k|ltzt_ dfq lnnfd u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
lnnfd ug{ afFsLdWo] k//fi6« dGqfnodf !$ ;jf/L;fwg / ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g
dGqfnodf @! df]6/;fOsn /x]sf 5g\ . k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{noaf6 n]vfk/LIf0f cjlw
@)&%.!@.!! ;Dd k|fKt tYofÍadf]lhd &! df]6/;fOsn / @)^ ;jf/L;fwg ljleGg k|b]z sfof{no
tyf :yfgLo txdf x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] b]lvG5 . a]jfl/;] cj:yfdf /x]sf @! df]6/;fOsn / @^
;jf/L;fwgsf] vl/b, e08f/0f / k|of]u;DaGwL sfuhft / clen]v Jojl:yt 5}g .
cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% df dfq ?=^ ca{ ^! s/f]8 $% nfv #& xhf/sf ^ xhf/ ()(
df]6/;fOsn tyf ! xhf/ @$ sf/, lhk, lkscknufotsf ;jf/L;fwg vl/b u/]sf]] b]lvof] . df}h'bf
;jf/L;fwgx? ;b'kof]u gu/L jif]{gL gofF vl/b ug]{ k|j[lQn] vr{df ldtJolotf Nofpg]tkm{ k|of;
ePsf] b]lvPg . ;/sf/L ;jf/L;fwg vl/b tyf Joj:yfkgdf ldtJolotf Nofpg h?/L b]lvG5 .
40.2 k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{noaf6 k|fKt tYofÍadf]lhd @@ dGqfnodf ;jf/L;fwg btf{
sfuhft gePsf ;d]t ! xhf/ %&& rfn' cj:yfsf /x]sf]df clws[t:t/sf sd{rf/L ;+Vof ! xhf/
#@# /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;af6 ;jf/L;fwg / clws[t:t/sf sd{rf/LaLrsf] cg'kft !M!=!( b]lvPsf] 5 .
;j}eGbf a9L u[x dGqfnodf () clws[t:t/sf sd{rf/LnfO{ !&$ ;jf/L;fwg pknAw e} cg'kft
!M!=(# /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nodf ($ clws[t:t/ sd{rf/LnfO{
!%! ;jf/L;fwg pknAw eO{ ;f]sf] cg'kft !M!=^! b]lvPsf], pmhf{, hn;|f]t tyf l;FrfO dGqfnodf
&! clws[t:t/sf sd{rf/LnfO{ $^ ;jf/L;fwg pknAw eO{ ;f]sf] cg'kftdf !M)=^% /
dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{nodf @^& clws[t:t/ sd{rf/LnfO{ #& ;jf/L;fwg pknAw eO{ ;f]sf] cg'kft
!M)=!$ b]lvPsf] 5 . sd{rf/L / ;jf/L;fwgsf] pkof]udf c;dfgtfsf] cGTo u/L hgzlQm / sfdsf]
cfjZostfsf] cfwf/df ;jf/L;fwg a9L ePsf] lgsfoaf6 cGo cfjZos lgsfodf x:tfGt/0fsf]
Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
41. cfof]hgfsf ;jf/L;fwg — cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod %&-$_ df lhG;L dfn;fdfg
x:tfGt/0f ug'{kg]{ / dfn;fdfg a'lemlng] sfof{non] x:tfGt/0f eO{ cfPsf] dfn;fdfg lhG;L vftfdf
cfDbfgL afFWg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fsf] rd]lnof hnljB't cfof]hgfn] cfof]hgfsf]
k|of]hgsf nflu vl/b u/]sf * yfg k|f8f] ;jf/L;fwg # k"j{ k|wfgdGqL, ! k"j{ u[xdGqL, !
k|wfgdGqLsf] ;lrjfno / # u[x dGqfnon] ljutb]lv k|of]u ub}{ cfPsf]df g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
@)^^.!@.!& / ljleGg ldltsf] lg0f{oaf6 g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fnfO{ ?=^ s/f]8 !& nfv * xhf/
e'QmfgL u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf n}hfg] lg0f{o u/]sf] eP tfklg ( jif{ lalt;Sbf;d]t g]kfn
;/sf/sf] gfddf k|fKt ePsf] b]lvPg . g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fn] pQm ;jf/L;fwgx?sf] nfut d"No
k|fKt ul/;s] kZrft\ @)^&.^.^ b]lv @)&%.(.@ ;Ddsf ljleGg ldltdf ;jf/L;fwgsf] gfd;f/L ug{
oftfoft Joj:yf sfof{no, PsfGts'gf, k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no tyf u[x dGqfnonfO{
kqfrf/ u/] tfklg g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf Nofpg ;DalGwt lgsfon] kxn u/]sf] b]lvPg . af=^ r
!)@% gDa/sf] k|f8f] lhksf] l:ylt ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L;Dd klg gePsf] u[x dGqfnon] hgfPsf] 5 .
7"nf cfof]hgfsf] af]nkq;DaGwL sfuhftdf g} dxFuf ;jf/L;fwg /fvL vl/b ug]{ / sfg'ga]u/ o:tf
;jf/L;fwg pRr kb:y JolQmn] k|of]u ug]{ ;DaGwdf k'g/fjnf]sg u/L pQm * ;jf/L;fwg g]kfn
;/sf/sf] gfddf btf{ u/L ;DklQsf] ;+/If0f / lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
42. ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgsf ;jf/L;fwg – g]kfn ;/sf/n] hf/L u/]sf] ;jf/L;fwg -;~rfng tyf dd{t_
;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&@ df ;jf/L;fwgsf] ;'ljwf k|fKt u/]sf] kbflwsf/LnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n]
tf]lsPadf]lhd ;jf/L;fwg pknAw u/fpg] pNn]v 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ jf cf+lzs :jfldTj /x]sf
;+:yfg tyf ljsf; ;ldltx?df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;~rfns ;ldltsf
kbflwsf/Lx?n] pQm ;+:yfg tyf ;ldltaf6 ;d]t ;~rfnssf] x}l;otdf bf]xf]/f] ;jf/L;fwg ;'ljwf
lnPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . pmhf{ hn;|f]t tyf l;FrfO dGqfnon] g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0faf6 af= !# r %&(#
nufotsf $ ;jf/L;fwg k|of]u u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . To;}u/L g]kfn b"/;~rf/ sDkgL lnld6]8sf af=^
r **#^ nufotsf @ lhk ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfnodf / Ps lhk k|wfgdGqL tyf
dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{non] k|of]u u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . g]kfn cfon lgud lnld6]8sf af=!=` @!#&
nufot $ lhk tyf sf/ ;d]t pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfnon] k|of]u u/]sf] 5 .
d]nDrL vfg]kfgL ljsf; ;ldltn] cfof]hgfsf] sfdsf] nflu vl/b u/]sf ;jf/L;fwgx?dWo] (
;jf/L;fwg cGo lgsfonfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . tL ;jf/L;fwg k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf]
sfof{no, zx/L ljsf; / vfg]kfgL dGqfno, If]qLo k|zf;g sfof{no x]6f}F8f, sf7df8f}F pkTosf ljsf;
k}flws/0f / sf7df8f}F pkTosf vfg]kfgL Joj:yfkg af]8{n] Psb]lv tLg j6f;Dd k|of]u u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
tL lgsfodf k|of]u ePsf ;jf/L;fwgdWo] 6f]of]6f k|f8f] lhk * / sf]/f]nf sf/ ! /x]sf] 5 .
cfof]hgfsf] sfdsf] nflu vl/b ePsf ;jf/L;fwg cGo lgsfodf pknAw u/fPsf] cf}lrTok"0f{ b]lvPg .
ctM tL ;jf/L;fwg pQm ;ldltdf lkmtf{ x'g'kb{5 .
43. a'n]6k|'km sf/ – gf/fo0flx6L b/af/ ;+u|xfno, sf7df8f+}af6 k|fKt ;jf/L;fwgsf] clen]vcg';f/ k"j{
/fhkl/jf/sf ;b:on] k|of]u u/]sf !! eL=eL=cfO{=kL= a'n]6 k|'km sf/;lxt @^ ;jf/L;fwg /x]sf 5g\ .
;f]dWo] ! eL=eL=cfO{=kL= a'n]6k|'km sf/ @)&%.^.& df pk/fi6«kltsf] sfof{nodf x:tfGt/0f u/]sf]
b]lvof] . cGo !) sf/ ;fdfGo ;le{l;ª, Aof6«L kl/jt{g, OlGhg dd{t u/L ;~rfng x'g ;Sg] t/
rfn' cj:yfdf g/x]sf] $ sf/ @)&%.^.& df g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] / ^ sf/ gf/fo0flx6L
b/af/ ;+u|xfnodf g} k|of]uljxLg cj:yfdf /x]sf] b]lvof] . ;u|xfnodf /x]sf pQm a'n]6k|'km sf/ dd{t
;Def/ u/L ;~rfngdf Nofpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 . g]kfndf ljleGg ;dodf x'g] ;fs{ lzv/ ;Dd]ng,
ljd:6]s lzv/ ;Dd]ngnufotsf ljb]zL /fi6« k|d'v tyf ;/sf/ k|d'v ;lDdlnt x'g] a}7sx?df
eL=eL=cfO{=kL=nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ a'n]6k|'km sf/sf] cefj eO{ cGo b]zaf6 ef8fdf NofO{ ;jf/L rnfpg'
k/]sf] b]lvG5 . cui6 #) / #!, @)!* df ;DkGg lad:6]ssf] rf}yf] lzv/ ;Dd]ngsf nflu $
a'n]6k|'km sf/ ef8fdf / ef/t ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf % sf/ pkof]u ug'{ k/]sf] cj:yf 5 . pQm sf/
tyf cGo !) yfg sf/ / #! yfg dfOqmf]a; ef8fdf lnO{ ;jf/L ef8fafkt ?=#^ nfv *$ xhf/
e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . pknAw ;fwgsf] pkof]u x'g] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
44. /ftf] Kn]6sf ;jf/L;fwg – ;jf/L tyf oftfoft Joj:yf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf (-@_ df ;/sf/L
;jf/Lsf] klxrfgsf] nflu ;f] ;jf/L;fwgsf] cufl8 k5fl8 ;]tf] Kn]6df /ftf] cIf/ / cÍ;lxtsf]
gDa/ Kn]6 x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . s'g} sf/0fn] ;]tf] gDa/ Kn]6sf ;jf/L;fwg /ftf] gDa/ Kn]6sf] agfpg'
k/]df u[x dGqfnon] a9Ldf Ps jif{sf nflu :jLs[lt lbg] u/]sf]df @)&%.&^ df u[x dGqfnon]
clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf !@# / cGo lgsfosf ( ;d]t !#@ ;jf/L;fwgnfO{ lghL
gDa/ Kn]6 -/ftf]_ agfpg :jLs[lt lbPsf]df ;jf{]Rr cbfnt / dftxt cbfntn] !)), k|wfgdGqL tyf
dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{non] ( / k//fi6« dGqfnon] Ps ;/sf/L ;jf/L;fwg /ftf] Kn]6 agfO{ k|of]u u/]sf]
kfOof] . u[x dGqfnon] :jLs[lt lbPsf] afx]ssf ;/sf/L ;jf/L;fwg cglws[t ?kdf /ftf] Kn]6 agfO{
k|of]u u/]sf]n] pQm ;jf/L;fwgsf] b''?kof]u x'g ;Sg] b]lvG5 . pQm ;jf/L;fwgx?sf] /ftf] gDa/
Kn]6nfO{ ;/sf/L gDa/ Kn]6df ?kfGt/0f ug{'kg]{ / o:tf] sfo{df lgoGq0f x'g'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
45. ;jf/L;fwgsf] dfkb08 – g]kfn ;/sf/n] hf/L u/]sf] ;jf/L;fwg -;~rfng tyf dd{t_ ;DaGwL
lgb]{lzsf,@)&@ sf] @-u_ df ;jf/L;fwgsf] ;'ljwf kfPsf kbflwsf/L eGgfn] s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf g]kfn
;/sf/sf /fhkqflÍt ljlzi6 >]0fL / /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf kbflwsf/LnfO{ ;Demg'kg]{ pNn]v 5 .
lgb]{lzsfsf] a'Fbf # df ljlzi6 >]0fLsf kbflwsf/LnfO{ sf/ eP sDtLdf ! xhf/ #)) ;L=;L= / lhk
eP sDtLdf @ xhf/ ;L=;L= sf] ;jf/L;fwg pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf 5 . pRr cbfnt tyf lhNnf
cbfntsf GofofwLzx¿sf] kfl/>lds, ;'ljwf / ;]jfsf cGo zt{;DaGwL P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf & df
ePsf] Joj:yfcg';f/ pRr cbfntsf d'Vo GofofwLz, pRr cbfntsf GofofwLz tyf lhNnf
cbfntsf GofofwLznfO{ 8«fOe/;lxtsf] ;jf/L;fwg Ps / qmdzM dfl;s !*), / &@ ln6/ k]6«f]n
tyf q}dfl;s % ln6/ df]lan lbg] Joj:yf 5 . b]zdf ljut # jif{df ?=!% ca{ $$ s/f]8 &% nfvsf
!& xhf/ (!& ;jf/L;fwg vl/b u/]sf]df ;jf/L;fwg k|of]u ug]{ kbflwsf/Lsf] >]0fL, ;jf/L;fwg
k|of]u cjlwnufotsf ljifo v'Ng] u/L clen]v tof/ u/]sf] 5}g . ;jf/L;fwgsf] vl/b, ljt/0f tyf
;~rfngnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg ;a} lgsfo / txdf Ps} lsl;dsf] dfkb08 lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{ /
;jf/L;fwg vl/bdf s]Gb|Lo lgoGq0f x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
46. :yfgLo txdf ;jf/L;fwg vl/b – of] jif{ ljleGg :yfgLo txn] ! xhf/ *&* ;jf/L;fwg tyf
df]6/;fOsn vl/bdf ?=! ca{ !* s/f]8 %% nfv ^( xhf/ vr{ u/]sf 5g\ . ;jf/L;fwg vl/b
:yfgLo tx k|d'v / pk–k|d'vsf] nflu rf/kf+u|] ;jf/L;fwg / j8f cWoIf / sd{rf/Lsf] nflu
df]6/;fOsn vl/b ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;jf/L;fwg vl/b gu/]sf :yfgLo txn] ;jf/L;fwg ef8fdf
lnPsf] cj:yf 5 . clwsf+z ;jf/L;fwgsf] vl/b ljQLo ;dfgLs/0f cg'bfgaf6 ePsf]n] cg'bfgdf
yk Jooef/ kg{ uPsf] l:ylt 5 .
47. ljB'tLo ;jf/L – xfn ljZje/ sfa{g pT;h{g gug]{ ;jf/L;fwgsf] cfjZostf / dfu al9/x]sf] 5 .
ljsl;t /fi6«x? / l5d]sL /fi6«n] ;d]t ;g\ @)#) kl5 k]6«f]lnod kbfy{af6 rNg] ;jf/L;fwgsf]
pTkfbg aGb ug]{ / ;g\ @)%) kl5 k|of]u g} gug]{ 3f]if0ff ul/;s]sf 5g\ . g]kfnn] ;d]t ljB'tLo
;jf/L;fwgsf] k|j4{gsf nfuL eG;f/ 5'6nufot s]xL ;/sf/L lgsfon] ljB'tLo ;jf/Lsf] k|of]unfO{
k|j4{g / gd'gfsf ?kdf cufl8 NofPsf 5g\ . b]zdf k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ cefjsf] sf/0f e'QmfgL
;Gt'ngdf c;/ kl//x]sf], /]ld6]G;af6 lelqPsf] j}b]lzs d'b|f k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] cfoftdf vr{ e}/x]sf],
jif]{gL 7"nf] ;+Vofdf ;jf/L;fwg cfoft e}/x]sf] tyf ljleGg ljB't u[xsf] lgdf{0f kZrft eljiodf
ljB'tLo pmhf{ art x'g] cj:yf b]lvPsfn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf ;Dk"0f{ lgsfon] cfufdL lbgdf ljB'tLo
;jf/L;fwgsf] vl/bdf Wofg lbg'kg]{, lglZrt cjlw tf]sL ljBdfg ;jf/L;fwgnfO{ x6fO{ :jR5
;jf/L;fwgsf] k|of]udf hf]8 lbg'kg]{ tyf ljB'tLo ;jf/L;fwg ;~rfngsf nflu cfjZos k"jf{wf/
lgdf{0fdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tTsfn lqmofzLntf b]vfpg'kb{5 .
48. ;jf/L x:tfGt/0f – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod %&-$_ df lhG;L dfn;fdfg
x:tfGt/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf 5 . u[x dGqfnon] ## lhk, sf/ x:tfGt/0f gu/L cGo sfof{nodf
k7fPsf] 5 . ;8s ljefun] lksck–$ lhk–@ ;d]t ^ ;jf/L;fwg cGo sfof{no cfof]hgfaf6 NofO{
k|of]u u/]sf] eP tfklg x:tfGt/0f u/L] cfDbfgL hgfPsf] 5}g . :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfnon] lhk
! / sf/ @ zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefujf6 k|fKt u/]sf]df ljlwjt x:tfGt/0f lnO{ cfDbfgL
afFw]sf] 5}g . hn;|f]t tyf l;FrfO dGqfnon] dxfsfnL l;FrfO cfof]hgfsf] ! lhk, l;FrfO tyf
hn;|f]t Joj:yfkg cfof]hgfaf6 $ lhk / l;FrfO ljefuaf6 @ lhk ;d]t & lhk x:tfGt/0fa]u/
k|of]u u/]sf] / $ lhk tyf sf/ x:tfGt/0f kmf/fda]u/ cGo lgsfodf k7fPsf] 5 . lgodfjnLsf]
Joj:yf kfngf u/L ;jf/L;fwgsf] pkof]u / Joj:yfkg ul/g'kb{5 .
49. k"j{ kbflwsf/Lsf] ;jf/L ;'ljwf – ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+j}wflgs lgsfo, g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgo'Qm u/]sf
kbflwsf/L tyf ;f+;bnfO{ ;/sf/L lg0f{ojf6 ;jf/L ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] u/]]sf] 5 . k"j{ /fi6«klt !,
k"j{ k|wfg GofofwLz !#, k"j{ k|wfgdGqL $, e'6fgL dfgj clwsf/sdL{ !, k"j{ dGqL ! / k"j{ ;f+;b !

;d]t @! hgfnfO{ dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{oaf6 ;jf/L;fwg pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . ;jf/L ;'ljwf k|fKt ug]{
kbflwsf/Lsf] lgsfout s]Gb|Lo clen]v /x]sf] 5}g . k"j{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ lbOg] ;'ljwf / pknAw
;jf/L;fwgsf] :t/df ljljwtf /x]sf], OGwg vr{ e'QmfgLdf dfkb08 / tl/sf km/s km/s /x]sf]
cj:yfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg ;/sf/L ;jf/L;fwgsf] ;'ljwf k|fKt ug]{ tx, >]0fL / kbflwsf/Lsf] :ki6
JofVof ;lxt dfkb08 agfpg'kb{5 .
50. lgb]{lzsf sfof{Gjog – g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfkm}+ ;jf/L;fwg rnfpg rfxg] /fhkqflÍt ljlzi6 tyf k|yd
>]0fLsf kbflwsf/LnfO{ ;jf/L;fwg;lxt OGwg, dd{t / ;jf/Lrfns vr{ Psd'i6 pknAw u/fO{
;/sf/L ;jf/L;fwg ;~rfngdf ldtJolotf Nofpg] p2]Zon] ;jf/L;fwg -;~rfng tyf dd{t_
;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&@ sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] 5 . k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ tLg lgsfosf /fhkqflÍt
ljlzi6 / k|yd >]0fLsf !) sd{rf/Ln] dfq lgb]{lzsfadf]lhd ;jf/L;fwg rnfPsf] kfOG5 . plNnlvt
Joj:yf k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog ePsf] kfOPg .
lgisif{ – ;jf/L;fwgsf] nflu ah]6 ljlgof]hgdf j:t'k/s cfwf/x? cjnDag gul/g', cfjZostfeGbf klg
ah]6sf] cfwf/df ;jf/L;fwg vl/b ul/g', dd{t / OGwg vr{ oyfy{k/s gx'g', lnnfd laqmL ;dodf gul/g',
dGqfnosf kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt ug]{ ;jf/L;fwgsf] cnfjf dftxtsf ;+:yfg
Pj+ cfof]hgfaf6 ;d]t bf]xf]/f] ;jf/L;fwg ;'ljwf lng', ;jf/L;fwgsf] pkof]u / ljt/0fdf lgsfout lje]b
/xg', sfg'ga]u/ k"j{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ ;jf/L;fwg pknAw u/fpg', cTofjZos kbflwsf/L / lgsfo afx]ssf
sd{rf/Ln] k|of]u ug]{ ;/sf/L ;jf/L;fwgnfO{ klg /ftf] gDa/ Kn]6df ?kfGt/0f ul/g'nufotsf sf/0fx?n]
;/sf/L ;jf/L;fwg Joj:yfkgdf ldtJolotf tyf sfo{bIftf sfod ePsf] 5}g . ctM ;jf/L;fwg ;'ljwf
pknAw u/fpg] ;DaGwdf sfg'g th'{df u/L vl/b / pkof]unfO{ Jojl:yt ul/g' cfjZos 5 .
;/sf/L ejgx?sf] k'glg{df{0f
@)&@ ;fnsf] e"sDkaf6 k|ToIf k|efljt #! lhNnfdf * xhf/ *(! dfgjLo Iflt / * nfv ejg,
ljBfno tyf k'/ftflTjs ;+/rgfx¿ Ifltu|:t ePsf] 5 . Ifltu|:t ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ tyf
e"sDkaf6 lj:yflkt ePsf JolQm / kl/jf/sf] k'gjf{; tyf :yfgfGt/0f ug{ clwsf/ ;DkGg lgsfosf] ?kdf %
jif]{ sfo{cjlw ;lxt /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:t ;/sf/L ejgx?sf]
k'glg{df{0f l:yltsf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f b]xfoadf]lhd /x]sf 5g\M
51. k'glg{df{0f sfo{of]hgf – /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fsf] If]qut of]hgf / ljQLo k|If]k0fdf # jif{df
z}lIfs tyf :jf:Yo ;+:yf / % jif{df k'/ftlTjs, ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf tyf ;fj{hlgs ejgx?sf] lgdf{0f
;DkGg ug]{ nIo lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 . xfn;Ddsf] k'glg{df{0f tyf k'g:yfkgf l:ylt b]xfocg';f/ 5\M
cg'dflgt nfut ldlt @)&%.(.%k|fKt k|ult -;+Vof_
qm=;+= k'glg{df+0f If]q nIo ;+Vof cg'\dfg -/sd ?= k'glg{df{0f k'glg{df{0f k|ult
nfvdf_ ;DkGg afFsL k|ltzt
! ljZjljBfno cGtu{tsf ejgx? 16 - - 16 -
@ k'/ftflTjs tyf ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfx? 753 338000 185 568 10.49
# ;'/Iff lgsfosf ejgx? 686 1633550 100 586 14.58
$ :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf ejgx? -lk|km\ofj;d]t_ 1197 174930 643 554 53.71
% ;fd'bflos ljBfnox? 7553 1086280 4172 3381 55.25
^ ;/sf/L ejgx? 415 297780 248 167 59.75
k|flws/0f :yfkgf ePsf] # jif{ -^) k|ltzt cjlw_ JotLt eO;Sbf klg ef}lts k|ult
Zf"Gob]lv %(=&% k|ltztdfq ePsf]n] ck]lIft pknlAw xfl;n x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . xfn;Dd :jf:Yo
;+:yfsf ejg %#=&!, ;fd'bflos ljBfno %%=@%, k'/ftflTjs tyf ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf !)=$(, ;'/Iff
lgsfosf ejg !$=%* / ;/sf/L ejg %(=&% k|ltztdfq k'glg{df{0f ePsf 5g\ . ljZjljBfnosf
ejgsf] lgdf{0f z"Go /x]sf] 5 . ;dodf lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg gx'Fbf nfut a9\g] tyf ;dodf k|ltkmn
k|fKt gx'g] ePsf]n] k'glg{df{0fsf] sfo{nfO{ tLj|tf lbO{ nlIft pknlAw xfl;n ug'{kb{5 .
52. ;/sf/L ejgsf] k'glg{df{0f – e"sDkaf6 Iflt ePsf ;/sf/L ejgsf] k'glgdf0f{ sfo{ % jif{leq
;DkGg ug]{ nIo /x]sfdf k|efljt lhNnfdf k"0f{ Iflt !^@ / cf+lzs Iflt @%# ;d]t $!% ;/sf/L
ejg Ifltu|:t ePsf]df xfn;Dd k"0f{ Iflt !^ -!) k|ltzt_ / cf+lzs @#@ -(@ k|ltzt_ ;d]t @$*
-^) k|ltzt_sf] k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . k"0f{ Iflt ;/sf/L ejgdWo] !@^ sf] k'glg{df{0f sfo{ hf/L
/x]sf] 5 eg] @) ;/sf/L ejgsf] k'glg{df{0f sfo{ z'?;Dd ePsf] 5}g . xfn;Dd ;fj{hlgs ejg
k'glg{df{0f sfo{df ?=! ca{ %@ s/f]8 vr{ ePsf] 5 . nlIft ;dosf] &% k|ltzt ;do JotLt
x'Fbf;Dd k"0f{ Iflt ePsf ;/sf/L ejgdWo] !) k|ltztdfq ;/sf/L ejg k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg ePsf]n]
;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfxdf c;/ k/]sf] b]lvG5 .
sf7df8f}+ pkTosf leqsf /fi6«klt/pk/fi6\«klt sfof{no, dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{no
aa/dxn, k|zf;lgs k|lzIf0f s]G› ejg hfjnfv]n, w]/} sfof{no /x]sf] xl/x/ejg nufotsf ( k|d'v
k|zf;lgs ejgsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ ?=& ca{ ^% s/f]8 sf] nfut cg'dfg ePsf]df lgdf{0f sfo{ g}
z'? ePsf] 5}g . Ifltu|:t ejgsf] l8hfOg / nfut cg'dfg tof/L, ;|f]t Joj:yfkg tyf ;dodf
lgdf{0f gx'Fbf k|zf;lgs sfo{ ;~rfngdf hl6ntf ePsf], ;]jf k|jfxdf ;d:of cfPsf] / ;/sf/L
sfof{no ef8fdf lng'kbf{ axfn ltg{'kg]{ cj:yf l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . ctM Ifltu|:t ;/sf/L ejg
k'gMlgdf{0fdf tbf?stf Nofpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
53. l;+xb/af/ k'glg{df{0f – k|flws/0fsf] sfo{sf/L ;ldltsf] @)&#.!).@% sf] a}7saf6 l;+xb/af/sf]
klZrd df]x8f /]6\f]lkml6ªsf nflu jt{dfg ca:yfsf] PhlaN6 gS;f tof/ ug{ k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ug]{
lg0f{o ePsf] 5 . pQm sfo{{ # r/0fdf ;DkGg ug{ k/fdz{bftf;Fu @)&%.@.!) df ?=! s/f]8 (@ nfv
@* xhf/sf] ;Demf}tf ePsf]df ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb ;dfKt x'Fbf k|f/lDes k|ltj]bgdfq k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
d'Vo ejgsf] klZrd df]x8f afx]ssf] /]6\f]lkml6ª sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfg ?=@* s/f]8 (# nfv
&@ xhf/ /x]sf]df @)&%.@.@) df Ps ;+o'Qm pkqmd;Fu ?=@! s/f]8 $( nfv ^* xhf/df ;Demf}tf
eO{ of] jif{?=@ s/f]8 !$ nfv df]lanfOh];g k]:sL lbPsf] 5 . l;+xb/af/ k"jL{ df]x8f Hofs]l6ª ug{
cfjZos 808Lx? hldgd'lg lgwf{l/t ljGb'df /fVg g;sL o:tf ljGb'x? kl/jt{g ug{' k/]sf]n] nfut
a9\g uO{ e]l/P;g ug'{kg]{ cj:yf l;h{gf ePsf] k|flws/0f cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{n] hgfPsf] 5 .
lj=;+ @)#@ ;fnkl5 k'gMlgdf{0f ePsf] l;+xb/af/sf]] tTsfnLg 8\ªª l8hfOg tyf PhlaN6 gS;f
cWoog gu/L 8\ªª l8hfOg nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug]{ tyf :jLs[t ug]{ lhDd]jf/ JolQm pk/ 5fglag
u/L sf/afxL ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
54. :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] k'glg{df{0f — Ifltu|:t :jf:Yo ;+:yf ! xhf/ !(& /x]sf] dWo] xfn;Dd ^$# -%$
k|ltzt_ k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg ePsf], !$% k'glg{df{0f eO/x]sf] / afFsL $)( sf] k'glg{df{0f sfo{ z'?
ePsf] 5}g . :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] k'glg{df{0f sfo{ # jif{df ;dfKt ug]{ nIo lgwf{/0f ePsf]df ;f] cjlwdf
%$ k|ltztdfq sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf]n] k|efljt If]qsf gful/sn] ;xh :jf:Yo ;]jf kfpg g;Sg] tyf
k'glg{df{0f sfo{sf] nfutdf j[l4 x'g] b]lvPsf] 5 . ctM nIocg';f/ :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] k'glg{df{0f ug'{kb{5 .
55. lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] k'glg{d{f0f — e"sDkaf6 Iflt ePsf lzIf0f ;+:yfx?sf] k'glg{df0f{ sfo{ # jif{ leq
;DkGg ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df e"sDk k|efljt lhNnfsf & xhf/ %%# ljBfno ejgsf $( xhf/ ^*!
sIff sf]7f k'glg{df{0f ug{ ?=! va{ * ca{ ^@ s/f]8 *) nfv nfut cg'dfg ePsf]df xfn;Dd
$!&@ -%% k|ltzt_ ljBfno ejgsf !& xhf/ %&* -#^ k|ltzt_ sIffsf]7fsf] k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg
ePsf] / ! xhf/ (@! ljBfnosf !% xhf/ !$) sIffsf]7fsf] k'glg{df{0f sfo{ hf/L /x]sf] 5 . ljBfno
k'glg{df{0f sfo{df xfn;Dd ?=!# ca{ @^ s/f]8 ^ nfv vr{ ePsf] 5 . ! xhf/ $^) ljBfnosf !^
xhf/ (^# sIffsf]7fsf] k'glg{df{0f sfo{ z'? ePsf] 5}g . . nlIft ;dosf] Zftk|ltzt ;do JotLt
x'Fbf ;d]t %% k|ltzt ljBfno ejg tyf #^ k|ltzt sIffsf]7f lgdf{0f x'g'n] k|efljt If]qsf
afnaflnsfsf nflu plrt z}lIfs jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug]{ sfo{df c;/ k/]sf] 5 . ctM lzIf0f ;+:yf
k'glg{df{0f sfo{df ljz]if Wofg lbg' cfjZos 5 .
56. ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf — e"sDk k|efljt If]qdf k'glg{df0f tyf k'g:yfkgf sfo{qmd -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_ sfo{ljlw,
@)&@ sf] bkmf % df ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfn] s'g} Ps jf PseGbf a9L If]qdf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg]
Joj:yf 5 . k|flws/0faf6 e"sDk k|efljt lhNnfdf lghL cfjf;, ljBfno ejg, :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf]
ejg lgdf{0f Pj+ lhljsf]kfh{g / lgdf{0f hgzlQm ljsf; tflndsf nflu @@! u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn]
?=$* ca{ $# s/f]8 *@ nfvsf] kl/of]hgf k|:tfjsf] :jLs[lt lnPsf 5g\ . ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx?nfO{ !
xhf/ %* ;fd'bflos ljBfno ejg / *& :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu :jLs[lt lbPsf]df
xfn;Dd #%* ljBfno / #& :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] ejgdfq k'glg{df{0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;fem]bf/ ;+:yf
kl/rfngdfkm{t ul/Psf] k'glg{df{0f sfo{df ;Demf}tfadf]lhd sfo{ u/] gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf k|efjsf/L
cg'udg u/L k'glg{df{0f sfo{ cufl8 a9fpg'kb{5 .
lgisif{ — /fli6\o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fsf] kfFr jif]{ cjlwdf tLg jif{ JotLt e} b'O{ jif{dfq afFsL /x]sf]
cj:yfdf ;/sf/L ejgsf] k'glg{df{0fdf ck]lIft k|ult x'g;s]sf] 5}g . ck]lIft k|ult x'g g;Sg'df ;|f]t ;fwg
Joj:yfkgdf ;d:of x'g', cGt/lgsfo ;dGjo Pj+ ;xsfo{ k|efjsf/L x'g g;Sg', k'glg{df{0f k|lqmofdf
cGof}ntf /xg' h:tf ;d:of /x]sf 5g\ . ctM ;|f]t ;fwgsf] plrt Joj:yfkg ug]{ / ;/sf/L Pj+ u}/;/sf/L
;+:yf;Fusf] ;dGjo k|efjsf/L agfO{ k'glg{df{0f sfo{df tLj|tf lbg' cfjZos 5 .
g]kfndf e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] ;+:yfut Joj:yf / sfof{Gjog l:ylt
;+o'Qm /fi6\;+3n] ;g\ @))% df e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] dxf;lGw kfl/t u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnn] ;g\ @)!! df
;f] dxf;lGw cg'df]bg u/L ;f]sf] sfof{Gjogsf] /fli6\o /0fgLlt tyf sfo{of]hgf, @)^( nfu" ug'{sf ;fy}
;'zf;g sfod ug{ /fli6\o:t/df ljleGg gLltut, sfg'gL, ;+:yfut Pj+ sfo{ut Joj:yfx? u/]sf] 5 .
e|i6frf/ lj?4sf ;+:yfut Joj:yfsf] d"NofÍg ug{] p2]Zon] ul/Psf] o; n]vfk/LIf0f /0fgLlt tyf sfo{of]hgf,
clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u, /fli6\o ;ts{tf s]Gb|, cfGtl/s Pj+ clGtd n]vfk/LIf0f, k|fljlws
k/LIf0f;d]tnfO{ n]vfk/LIf0f If]qdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf k|d'v Joxf]/fx? lgDgfg';f/
/x]sf 5g\M
57. lg/f]wfTds / k|j4{gfTds Joj:yf – e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] lg/f]wfTds Joj:yfcGtu{t dGqfno tyf
lgsfox?df cgnfOg k|0ffnLaf6 u'gf;f] ;'g'jfO{{, vr{ / /fh:j n]vfdf ;ˆ6j]o/ k|0ffnLsf] cjnDag,
vl/b sfo{df ljB'tLo k|0ffnL nfu", dGqfno Pj+ lgsfoaf6 ;Dkflbt sfo{x? j]a;fO6dfkm{t hfgsf/L
lbg], ;"rgf clwsf/L / gful/s a8fkqsf] Joj:yf, e|i6frf/ lj?4 ph'/L lbgsf] nflu x6nfOg
6]lnkmf]g, ôfS;, OG6/g]6, Od]n, x]nf] ;/sf/, x'nfsnufotsf dfWodaf6 lnlvt, df}lvs jf a]gfdL
ph'/L lbg ;lsg] Joj:yf lghfdtL sd{rf/L tyf n]vfk/LIfssf] nflu cfrf/;+lxtf nfu" u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
k|j4{gfTds sfo{cGtu{t /]l8of] / ;"rgfdfkm{t k|rf/–k|;f/, ;"rgf ;Dk|]if0fsf nflu k|jQmf, ;xfos
k|jQmf / ;"rgf clwsf/Lsf] Joj:yf Pj+ k|]; lj1lKt, clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] j]e;fO6,
km];a's k]h, a'n]l6g, /]l8of] tyf cGo sfo{qmdx?sf] dfWodaf6 ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg] Joj:yf
u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
o;k|sf/sf Joj:yf u/] tfklg u'gf;f] ;'g'jfO{ ;dod} gx'g], n]vfdf k|of]u x'g] ;ˆ6j]o/
;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 :jLs[t gu/fpg], j]e;fO6x? ;dod} cBfjlws gx'g] Pj+ ck]lIft ;"rgf /
hfgsf/L ;dfj]z gx'g], gful/s a8fkq, cfrf/;+lxtfsf] sfof{Gjog / kfngfsf] ;/f]sf/jfnfaf6
d"NofÍg x'g] gu/]sf], ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0fdf ;+nUg sd{rf/Lsf] nflu ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f cfrf/;+lxtfsf]
th'{df gePsf], ;fj{hlgs vl/bnfO{ k"0f{?kdf ljB'tLo k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t agfpg g;s]sf] Pj+
;fj{hlgs kbflwsf/Lsf nflu /fli6\o lgi7f tyf ;bfrf/ gLlt gag]sf] cjnDag ul/Psf pkfox?
kof{Kt / k|efjsf/L x'g g;sL e|i6frf/ cg'e"lt ;"rs -;LkLcfO{_ cf};teGbf sd /xL e|i6frf/
lgoGq0fsf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ x'g g;s]sf] b]lvG5 . t;y{ e|i6frf/ /f]syfdsf] nflu ePsf Joj:yfsf]
sfof{Gjog k|efjsf/L agfpg yk k|of; ug'{kb{5 .
58. ;DklQ ljj/0f – e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f P]g, @)%( adf]lhd ;fj{hlgs kbdf axfn /x]sf kbflwsf/L Pj+
sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] / cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf] gfddf /x]sf] ;DklQsf] ljj/0f k|To]s jif{ tf]s]sf] lgsfodf k];
ug]{ Pj+ Gofo kl/ifb\\ P]g, @)&# df GofofwLzn] cfkm\gf] / cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf] gfddf /x]sf] ;DklQ
ljj/0f lgoldt ?kdf Gofo kl/ifb\\df a'emfpg'kg]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . ;DklQ ljj/0f 5fglagsf]
cj:yfdf afx]s uf]Ko x'g] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . pQm Joj:yfcg';f/ k|wfgdGqL / cGo dGqLx?n] kbdf
axfn ePkl5 ;DklQ ljj/0f ;fj{hlgs ug]{ u/]sf] Pj+ GofofwLz Pj+ cGo ;fj{hlgs kbflwsf/L /
sd{rf/Ln] ;d]t k|To]s jif{ ;DklQ ljj/0f a'emfpg] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf
kbflwsf/Ln] kf/blz{tf k|j4{g u/L ;'zf;g sfod ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg'kg]{ x'gfn] GofofwLznufot
;Dk"0f{ ;fj{hlgs kbdf axfn /x]sf kbflwsf/L Pj+ sd{rf/Lsf] ;DklQ ljj/0f ;fj{hlgs ug]{ Pj+
dlGqkl/ifb\\sf ;b:ox? kbd'Qm x'Fbfsf] cj:yfdf ;d]t ;DklQ ljj/0f ;fj{hlgs ug]{ sfg'gL Joj:yf
ug'{kb{5 .
59. sfg'g lgdf{0f / ;+zf]wg – e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] ;+o'Qm /fi6\;+3Lo dxf;lGwsf] sfof{Gjog;DaGwL /fli6\o
/0fgLlt tyf sfo{of]hgf, @)^( df ;a} ;f/, ?k / /usf] e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug{ cfjZos gofF sfg'g
lgdf{0f Pj+ e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]g, @)%( nufot ljleGg P]gdf ;+zf]wg ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . ;f]
adf]lhd ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f cg';Gwfg ljefu / /fh:j cg';Gwfg ljefunfO{ 5§[} :jtGq lgsfox¿sf]
¿kdf ljsf; ug]{ Pj+ k|wfgdGqL tyf cGo dGqLsf] lghL ;lrjfnodf /xg] ;Nnfxsf/ tyf cGo
sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQm tyf ;]jf zt{;DaGwL ljifonfO{ P]gåf/f lgoldt ug]{ ;DaGwL sfg'gsf] lgdf{0f
ePsf] 5}g . o:t} e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]g, @)%( df ljb]zL ;fj{hlgs clwsf/L / ;fj{hlgs cGt/f{li6«o
;+u7gsf clwsf/Ln] l/;jt lnPdf ;f] sfo{nfO{ kmf}Hbf/L s;"/ sfod ug{], :jfy{sf] åGå, ;'/fsL
;+/If0f nufot @# ljifo ;+zf]]wg tyf yk ug]{ / pQm ;+zf]wgsf] nflu clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg
cfof]uaf6 kxn x'g'kg]{df ;f]adf]lhdsf] sfg'g lgdf{0f / ;+zf]wg ePsf] b]lvPg .
60. gful/s ;dfhsf] ;xeflutf – e|i6frf/ lj?4sf] ;+o'Qm /fi6\;+3Lo dxf;lGwdf e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fdf
;dfhsf] ;xeflutf clej[l4 ug{ lg0f{o k|lqmofdf kf/blz{tf / ;j{;fwf/0fsf] ;xeflutf clej[l4 ug]{
sfo{nfO{ a9fjf lbg], ljZjljBfno Pj+ ljBfno:t/Lo kf7\oqmd nufotsf ;fj{hlgs lzIff sfo{qmddf
e|i6frf/ k|lt c;lxi0f'tf k}bf ug]{, ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|0ffnL cjnDag ug]{ Pj+ e|i6frf/;Fu ;DalGwt
;"rgfx¿ vf]hL ug]{, k|fKt ug]{, k|sflzt ug]{ / k|jflxt ug]{ :jtGqtfsf] ;Ddfg, k|j4{g / ;+/If0f ug]{
nufotsf pkfox? cjnDjg ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . To:tf pkfox?sf] ljsf; Pj+ cjnDjg x'g g;s]sf]
sf/0f k/f]If ?kdf e|i6frf/hGo lqmofsnfkn] k|>o kfPsf] b]lvG5 . t;y{ e|i6frf/ lj?4 n8\g
;Sg]u/L ;dfhsf ;a} txnfO{ ;xeflutf / ;anLs/0fsf] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
61. cg';Gwfg bfo/f – ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @#(-@_ adf]lhd dxfleof]u k|:tfj kfl/t eO{ kbd'Qm x'g] JolQm, Gofo
kl/ifb\\af6 kbd'Qm x'g] GofofwLz / ;}lgs P]gadf]lhd sf/afxL x'g] JolQmsf xsdf lgh kbd'Qm eO;s]kl5
;+3Lo sfg'gadf]lhd cg';Gwfg u/L d'2f bfo/ ug{;Sg] Joj:yf eP tfklg clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg
cfof]usf] bfo/fdf /flvPsf] 5}g .
g]kfn ;/sf/n] dxf;lGw sfof{Gjogsf nflu hf/L u/]sf] /fli6\o /0fgLlt / sfo{of]hgf, @)^( df
lghL If]q;Fu ;DalGwt e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug]{ pb]Zon] !! k|sf/sf lqmofsnfk nfu" ug]{ pNn]v u/]sf]df
;f];DaGwL sfg'gL Joj:yf gePsf] sf/0f lghLIf]qdf x'g] unt lqmofsnfkx? e|i6frf/sf] s;"/ cGtu{t
;dfj]z geO{ o:tf lqmofsnfk lgoGq0f gx'g] / o;af6 ;fj{hlgs If]qaf6 x'g] e|i6frf/ lgoGq0fdf ;d]t
c;/ kg]{ l:ylt /x]sf] b]lvG5 . lghL If]qaf6 x'g] unt lqmofsnfknfO{ ;d]t e|i6frf/sf] s;"/df ;dfj]z
u/L 5fglag / sf/afxL x'g] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 . ;fy} lghL If]qsf] unt n]vf k|dfl0ft ug]{ n]vfk/LIfsnfO{
;d]t s;"/sf] bfo/fdf Nofpg] u/L sfg'gL Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
62. ph'/L km5\of}{6 – e|i6frf/;DaGwL d'2f x]g{ ljz]if cbfnt P]g, @)%( adf]lhd ljz]if cbfnt u7g
ePsf] 5 . cfof]un] @)&!.&@ b]lv @)&#.&$ sf] cjlwdf ^)! d'2f ljz]if cbfntdf bfo/ u/]sf]df
%%# km};nf ePsf] / km};nfdWo] #$! -^!=*( k|ltzt_ clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] kIfdf
/x]sf] b]lvG5 .
clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u / /fli6«o ;ts{tf s]Gb|df k/]sf ph'/Lsf] ;dod} 5fglag
u/L 6'Ëf] nufpg'kb{5 . cfof]un] @)&!.&@ b]lv @)&#.&$ sf] cjlwdf lhDd]jf/L ;/]sf ;d]t &%
xhf/ $*$ ph'/Lsf] sf/afxL 6'Ëf] nufpg'kg]{df %) xhf/ @)# -^^ k|ltzt_ k|f/lDes 5fglagaf6
km5\of}{6 u/L @% xhf/ @*! cfufdL jif{sf] nflu lhDd]jf/L ;f/]sf] b]lvG5 . k|f/lDes 5fglagaf6
km5\of}{6dWo] @( xhf/ &%% -%( k|ltzt_ tfd]nLdf /fv]sf] b]lvG5 . /fli6«o ;ts{tf s]Gb|tkm{ ;f]xL
cjlwdf $ xhf/ $^@ ph'/L km5\of}{6 ug'{kg]{ dWo] @ xhf/ &*! ph'/Ldf sf/afxL 6'\Ëf] nufPsf]
b]lvG5 . sf/afxLaf6 6'\Ëf] nufPsf] ph'/LdWo] @ xhf/ !!$ -&^ k|ltzt_ tfd]nLdf /fv]sf] b]lvG5 .
o;/L k/]sf] ph'/LdWo] 7"nf] ;+Vofdf tfd]nLdf /fv]sf] sf/0f ph'/L Joj:yfkg sfo{ ck]lIft ?kdf
k|efjsf/L b]lvPg .
63. n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjog – ljBdfg sfg'gL Joj:yfadf]lhd ;a} ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] ljlgof]hg,
/fh:j, w/f}6L / cGo sf/f]af/sf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltåf/f ul7t pk;ldltn] @)^&.!.!# df lbPsf] k|ltj]bgdf cfGtl/s
n]vfk/LIf0fnfO{ sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 cnu u/L dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{no dftxt
5'§} OsfO{af6 ;Dkfbg u/fpg], n]vfk/LIfssf] j[lQ ljsf; ug]{, n]vfk/LIf0fdfgsf] ljsf; ug]{
nufotsf ;'emfj pNn]v ePsf]df sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf] 5}g . o;}u/L ;g\ @)!% sf] ;fj{hlgs vr{
tyf ljQLo hjfkmb]lxtf d"NofÍg ug]{ qmddf cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f ;+/rgf, clwsf/ /
Jofj;flostfsf] d"NofÍg ubf{ cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f k|0ffnL cf};teGbf sdhf]/ ePsf] pNn]v 5 .
o;af6 cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f ck]lIft ?kdf k|efjsf/L x'g g;s]sf]n] cfjZos ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
;+ljwfg tyf sfg'gadf]lhd clGtd n]vfk/LIf0fsf] k|d'v bfloTj / lhDd]jf/L e|i6frf/hGo sfo{
kQf nufpg] geP tfklg ljQLo, sfo{d"ns Pj+ cGo k|sf/sf n]vfk/LIf0faf6 cfly{s cg'zf;g, ljQLo
hjfkmb]lxtf Pj+ cfly{s sf/f]af/df ldtJolotf, sfo{bIftf / k|efjsfl/tfdf j[l4 eO{ e|i6frf/hGo
lqmofsnfksf] /f]syfdsf] nflu k/f]If ?kdf ;xof]u k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . e|i6frf/hGo sf/f]af/sf] phfu/ ug{
dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] sfof{non] n]vfk/LIf0fsf] dfWodaf6 of]ubfg k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] 5 . ljlw lj1fg
n]vfk/LIf0f / hfn;fhL -k|m8_ n]vfk/LIf0f h:tf ljlwx? ckgfO{ e|i6frf/hGo lqmofsnfk phf/ ug{
;lsg] b]lvG5 .
cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfO{ clGtd n]vfk/LIf0fnfO{ sfo{d"ns nufotsf
gjLgtd n]vfk/LIf0fdf s]lGb|t ug]{ / dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bgdf ;dfj]z uDeL/ ljifodf
cg';Gwfgd"ns 5fglag x'g'kb{5 .
64. k|fljlws k/LIf0f – /fli6\o ;ts{tf s]Gb| -sfo{ ;~rfng_ lgodfjnL, @)^% adf]lhd s]Gb|n] k|fljlws
k/LIf0f ub}{ cfPsf] b]lvG5 . s]Gb|af6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ s]Gb|n] @)&!.&@ b]lv @)&#.&$ sf] cjlwdf
@)) lgdf{0f sfo{sf] k|fljlws k/LIf0f u/L ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ ^## ljifo;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg hf/L ePsf] b]lvG5 .
ljleGg lgsfoaf6 ;~rflnt lgdf{0f cfof]hgfsf] t'ngfdf k|fljlws k/LIf0f ePsf] ;+Vof Hofb}
Go"g /x]sf], k|fljlws k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf k|fljlws ?kdf ;an / b'a{n kIfsf] pNn]v gu/L
Joj:yfksLo sdhf/Lx? pNn]v x'g] u/]sf], k|fljlws k/LIf0f lgdf{0f r/0fdf dfq u/]sf] Pj+ k|fljlws
k/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf Joxf]/fdf ;'wf/sf] l:ylt olsg ug{ c'gudgsf] Joj:yf gu/]sf] nufotsf
cj:yfn] k|fljlws k/LIf0faf6 lgdf{0f sfo{df x'g;Sg] e|i6frf/hGo lqmofsnfk lgoGq0f ug{ ck]lIft
;xof]u k'u]sf] b]lvPg . k|fljlws k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf plNnlvt Joxf]/f sfof{Gjog ug]{ Joj:yf
ldnfpg'kb{5 .

lgisif{ – e|i6frf/ /f]syfdsf] nflu ePsf Joj:yfsf] sfof{Gjog, cfjZos sfg'g ;+zf]wg / lgdf{0f, gful/s
;dfhsf] ;xeflutf / ;anLs/0f, n]vfk/LIf0fsf] k|efjsfl/tf clej[l4dfk{mt gLltut, ;+/rgfut / k|0ffnLut
e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
;"rgf k|ljlw n]vfk/LIf0f
ljB'tLo ;/sf/L vl/b k|0ffnL -O{–hLkL_
;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{non] ;fj{hlgs vl/b k|lqmofnfO{ k|lt:kwL{, kf/bzL{, j:t'lgi7 /
ljZj;gLo agfpg] p2]Zon] l;+un kf]6{ndf cfwfl/t ljB'tLo ;/sf/L vl/b k|0ffnL -O{–hLkL_ sf] ljsf; u/L
;fj{hlgs vl/b ug]{ ;a} lgsfox?nfO{ ljB'tLo ;/sf/L vl/b k|0ffnLdf cfa4 ul/Psf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs vl/b
Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL -PPMIS_ df cfa4 of] k|0ffnLdf Jojl:yt, j}1flgs / tYofÍLo ;'/Iff;lxt ljB'tLo
af]nkq ;"rgf k|sfzg, cgnfO{g btf{ / d"NofÍg, 7]Ssf :jLs[lt, 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf, 7]Ssf Joj:yfkg, ljB'tLo
e'QmfgL nufot ljB'tLo af]nkq;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfd ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . ljB'tLo ;/sf/L vl/b k|0ffnL -O{–lhkL_
;~rfngsf] k"jf{wf/ Joj:yf, ;'/Iff / lgoGq0f k4lt tyf k|0ffnL ;~rfng ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] ;"rgf k|ljlw
n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf k|d'v Joxf]/f b]xfocg';f/ 5g\M
65. k|0ffnL ;'wf/ – sfof{non] ljZj a}Ísf] ;xof]udf lgo'Qm Ps ljb]zL sDkgL -t];|f] kIf_ af6 O{–lhkL
k|0ffnLsf] cfZj:ttf k/LIf0f u/fO{ ;'emfj;lxtssf] k|ltj]bg lbPsf]df k|ljlw k|0ffnL ;'wf/, ;"rgf
k|ljlw gLlt tof/, clen]v Jojl:yt, g]6js{ Joj:yfkg tyf 6'N; cku|]8 ug'{kg{] nufot #* ;'emfp
lbPsf]df sfof{Gjog u/]sf] 5}g . nfdf] ;do k|of]udf g/x]sf] pkof]ustf{nfO{ !@ dlxgfkl5 :jtM
lgliqmo ug'{kg]{, k|0ffnL ;Grfngdf clwsf/ / lhDd]jf/L;lxt sfo{ljj/0f agfpg] nufot % ;'emfp
cf+lzsdfq sfof{Gjog u/]sf] 5 . ctM k|0ffnL ;~rfngsf] lbuf]kgfsf nflu /0fg}lts of]hgf;lxt
b]lvPsf ;d:of tTsfn ;dfwfg ug]{ ;+oGq agfpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
66. hgzlQm Joj:yfkg – ;"rgf k|ljlw Joj:yfkg ug{ sfo{ ljj/0f tyf sfo{af]emcg';f/ of]Uo / cg'ejL
sd{rf/L Joj:yf ul/g'kg]{ / afXØ;|f]taf6 k"lt{ ug'{k/]df d'Vo sfd / ;xfos sfd 5'6\ØfO{ d'Vo
sfddf cfGtl/s ;|f]t / ;xfos sfddf afXo;|f]tsf sd{rf/LnfO{ sfddf v6fOg'kg]{df O{–hLkL
;Grfng tyf dd{t ;xfotfdf Ps ljb]zL sDkgL / g]kfnL sDkgLsf] HjfOG6e]Gr/df # /fli6«o / @
cGt/f{li6«o k/fdz{bftf tyf ;ˆ6j]o/ ;~rfng ;xof]uL sIfdf csf]{ Ps lghL ;+:yfnfO{ lgo'Qm u/L
d'Vo sfddf ;+nUg u/fPsf] kfO{of] . ;"rgf k|ljlw zfvfdf O{–hLkL ;xof]uL sIf / ;"rgf k|ljlwsf
8f6fj]z, k|0ffnL k|of]u, dd{t;Def/ tyf k|0ffnL ljsf;sf sfo{x?;d]t sf]/ Pl/of / gg\sf]/ Pl/of
g5''6\ØfO{ ;a} sfo{df afXo;|f]taf6 sfd u/fPsf] 5 . sfo{ k|s[ltcg';f/ sfo{ ljj/0f tof/ u/L
hgzlQmsf] Joj:yfkg ul/g'kb{5 .
67. k|0ffnL ;'/Iff – k|0ffnL ;~rfns, pkof]ustf{ tyf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cIf/, cÍ tyf ;+s]t;lxt dha't
kf;j8{, k|of]ustf{ kl/ro -User ID_ pknAw u/fpg kf;j8{ gLlt tof/ ug'{kg]{ tyf /fp6/,
kmfo/jfn, jfo/n]; cflb xf8{j]o/ tyf ;ˆ6j]o/sf] lgoGq0f Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 . ;'/Iff kf;j8{
lglZrt ;dodf kl/jt{g ug'{kg]{ afWosf/L Joj:yf 5}g . af]nkqbftf tyf nfeu|fxLnfO{ klxnf] k6s
kf;j8{ O{d]n jf P;PdP; -SMS_ af6 k7fpg] u/]sf]df clgjfo{ kf;j8{ kl/jt{g ug'{[kg]{ jf :jrflnt
?kdf kf;j8{ ;dfKt x'g] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5}g . /fp6/ kmfo/jfn jfo/n];sf] ;'/Iff lgoGq0f k|0ffnL
cjnDag u/]sf] 5}g . ;ˆ6j]o/ ;~rfng x'g 5f]8]sf] lglZrt ;dofjlw kZrft :jtM PlKns];g aGb
x'g], unt nu O{g jf nu cfp6 kf;j8{ k|of]u u/]df lglZrt k|of;kl5 :jtM lglZqmo x'g]
Joj:yf;lxtsf] nu O{g, nu cfp6 gLlt tof/ u/]sf] 5}g . O{–lhkL k|0ffnLsf] ;ˆ6j]o/sf]
k|of]ustf{sf] cl86 nu /fVg] u/]sf] 5}g . sfof{non] lgoGq0f jftfj/0fsf]nflu k|0ffnL gS;fÍg
(System map) klg agfPsf] 5}g . ctM kf;j8{ gLlt tyf ;'/Iff lgoGq0f k4lt;lxt ;ˆ6j]o/
;~rfng ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
68. Jofj;flos of]hgf – k|0fnL ;~rfng ;'/Iff / lbuf]kgfsf nflu Jofj;flos of]hgf tof/ u/L
sfof{GJog ug'{kb{5 . sfof{non] :jrflnt sfo{ ;~rfngdf cglws[t kmfOn, tYofÍ jf uNtLx?nfO{
ljZn]if0f u/L To:tf tYofÍx? x6fpg tyf /f]Sgsf nflu lgoldt cg'udg u/L O{–hLkL ;ˆj]o/sf
ljz]if hf]lvdx? d"NofÍg ug]{ u/]sf] 5}g . sfof{non] ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]udf cfOk/]sf ;a} lsl;dsf
;'/Iff r'gf}ltsf] clen]v /fVg] / pRr Joj:yfkgaf6 ljZn]if0f u/L ;dfwfgsf nflu ;]So'l/6L nu
cg'udg u/]sf] 5}g . sfof{non] sfuh, r'DasLo, >Job[Zo, o'P;aL :6f]/]h, k'/fgf sDKo'6/, Nofk6k
cflbdf /x]sf ;"rgf tyf tYofÍx? w'Nofpg] u/]sf] 5}g / ;f];DaGwL sfo{ljlw tof/ u/]sf] klg 5}g .
Joj;fo lg/Gt/tf of]hgf (Business Continuity Plan) tyf k|sf]k k'gM:yfkgf of]hgf tof/ u/]sf] 5}g .
ctM ;ˆ6j]o/ tyf xf8{j]o/ ;'/Iff Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
69. ;ˆ6j]o/ clen]v – sfof{nodf k|of]u ePsf ljQ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL, /fh:j Joj:yfkg ;"rgf
k|0ffnL, O{–xflh/L tyf ;fj{hlgs vl/b Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL cflb ;"rgf k|ljlw ljefudf
clen]vLs/0f u/]sf] 5}g . sfof{non] ljsf; tyf kl/dfh{g u/]sf] ;ˆ6j]o/ k|0ffnLnfO{ k|of]udf
n}hfg'eGbf klxnf nfeu|fxLx?nfO{ pkof]udf ;xh x'g] jf ;d:of gcfpg] ;DaGwdf O{–lhkL k|0ffnLsf]
k|yd r/0f / bf];|f] r/0fsf] ;ˆ6j]o/sf] pkof]ustf{ :jLs[lt k/LIf0f (User Acceptance Test)
u/fPsf] b]lvPg . O{–hLkL ;ˆ6j]o/ k|0ffnLsf] ;do ;dodf ;ˆ6j]o/sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ Joj:yf
u/]sf] 5}g . ;ˆ6j]o/sf] clen]vLs/0f tyf cfjZostfcg';f/ k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g'kb{5 .
70. k|0ffnL ;~rfng – O{–hLkL vl/b lgb]{lzsfsf] bkmf !# cg';f/ af]nkq ;"rgf k|sfzg tyf bkmf !^
cg';f/ af]nkqbftfx?n] cfk\mgf] af]nkq k|:tfj cgnfOgdfkm{t btf{ ug'{kg]{df sfof{nox?n] k|sfzg u/]sf]
af]nkq ;"rgfcg';f/ clwsf+z af]nkqbftfx?n] af]nkq k|:tfj k]; ubf{ cknf]8 df]8n / cgnfOg b'a}
dfWoddfkm{t k|:tfj k]; ug]{ u/]sf] / clwsf+zn] PS;]n km/Dof6 cknf]8 ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ .
af]nkqbftfx?n] sfo{sf] d"No kl/df0f (BOQ) sf] a+-/40f]nkq ljj/0f ge/L 5'§} 9fFrfdf PS;]n zL6 tof/
u/L k]z u/]sf] af]nkq k|:tfjnfO{ O{–lhkL k|0ffnLn] :jLsf/ u/]sf]n] vl/b k|0ffnLsf] lgwf{l/t k|lqmof
cjnDag gx'g] tyf k|0ffnL lgoGq0f sdhf]/ b]lvPsf] 5 . sfof{nox?n] af]nkqbftfx?nfO{ clu|d k]:sL,
/lgª lan, clGtd lan / k|f]T;fxg e'QmfgLsf] sfo{ ljB'tLo vl/b k|0ffnLdfkm{t u/]sf] b]lvPg . ;/sf/L
ljB'tLo vl/b k|0ffnLsf] ;ˆ6j]o/ ;"rgf k|ljlw k|0ffnLdf af]nkq hdfgt tyf sfo{;Dkfbg a}Í
hdfgtnfO{ k|dfl0ft tyf cg'udg ug]{ Joj:yf 5}g . ctM vl/b P]g, lgod tyf lgb]{lzsfdf plNnlvt
af]nkq;DaGwL sfo{sf] clen]v /xg] u/L ;ˆ6j]o/df k|0ffnL ;~rfng;DaGwL Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 .
cGo ;+:yf
g]kfn 6«i6sf] sfof{no
71. ;DklQsf] pkof]u – g]kfn 6«i6 P]g, @)^$ sf] bkmf % df 6«i6sf] ;DklQ Jofks / ;jf]{Qd ;fj{hlgs
nfe x'g] u/L /fli6«o lxt, z}lIfs, k|fl1s / :jf:Yo ;DaGwL sfo{df k|of]u ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . sf]ifsf]
;DkQLsf] ljj/0fcg';f/ 6«i6sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] !@ lhNnfsf @!^ lsQfdf @! xhf/ %^@ /f]kgL $cfgf
@ k};f ! bfd hUuf, # ;+:yfsf] $ nfv &@ xhf/ **^ lsQf ;]o/, ?=%( s/f]8 %) nfv d'2tL vftfsf]
df}Hbft, $ a}Ídf rNtL tyf art vftfdf ?=! s/f]8 ^ nfv ^# xhf/, ?=#$ nfv #^ xhf/ w/f}6L afFsL,
j}b]lzs d'b|ftkm{ :6ln{ª kfp08 $( xhf/ @*^ / cd]l/sL 8n/ ! nfv $! xhf/ df}Hbft /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
6«i6sf] rn crn ;DklQ clwstd cfo cfh{g x'g] sfo{df nufgL x'g'kg]{df nufgL x'g g;sL
df}Hbftdf g} /x]sf]n] P]g cg';f/ cfo cfh{g x'g] If]q klxrfg u/L nufgL P+j pkof]u ug'{kb{5 . o;
;DaGwdf ut jif{sf] k|ltj]bgdf ;d]t cf}NofOPsf]df l:ylt oyfjt\ /x]sf] 5 .
72. ljlgodfjnL – g]kfn 6«i6 P]g, @)^$ sf] bkmf @%-!_ df P]gsf] p2]Zo k'/f ug{ ;~rfns ;ldltn] of]
P]g tyf lgodsf] clwgdf /lx cfˆgf] cfGtl/s sfo{ ;~rfng, crn ;DklQ dd{t ;Def/ Pj+ ;+/If0f
tyf cfly{s k|zf;gsf ;DaGwdf cfjZos ljlgodx? agfpg ;Sg] pNn]v 5 . xfn;Dd ljlgod
tof/ gu/]sf]n] P]gsf] p2]Zocg'?k ljlgodfjnL tof/ u/L sfo{ ;~rfng sfo{ljlw, ;DklQ ;+/If0f /
pkof]udf k|efjsfl/tf NofO{ cfly{s sf/f]af/sf] n]vfÍg ljlw;d]t :ki6 ug'{kb{5 .
73. lnh÷ef8f – of] jif{ ef8f afkt ?=^ s/f]8 &# nfv !* xhf/ cfDbfgL ePsf] 5 . g]kfn 6«i6sf]
kf]v/f dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+=& l:yt /Tgrf]ssf] lsQf g+= #) sf] ! /f]kgL !@ cfgf ! k};f hUuf
@)&#.$.! b]lv @)&*.#.#! ;Dd kfFr jif{sf] nflu jflif{s ?=$ nfv (@ xhf/ ef8f a'emfpg] u/L Ps
lghL xf]6n;Fu / lrtjgsf] e/tk'/ dxfgu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+= ! l:yt lbofnf] a+unf kl/;/sf]
k"j{tkm{sf] ^ laufxf !! w'/ hUuf jflif{s ?=@& nfv %) xhf/ ef8f a'emfpg] u/L @)&# efb|b]lv kfFr
jif{sf] nflu Ps l/;f]{6;Fu ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . pQm b'a} ;Demf}tfdf a'emfpg'kg]{ ef8fsf] ls:tf
tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ga'emfPdf ztk|ltzt hl/afgf;d]t c;'n ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . ;Demf}tfadf]lhd
kf]v/fsf] xf]6nn] @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd / lrtjgsf] sDkgLn] @)&$.%.! b]lv @)&%.$.#!
;Ddsf] ef8f ga'emfPsf]n] ztk|ltzt hl/afgf;d]t ?=^$ nfv *$ xhf/ c;'n ug'[{kb{5 .
74. ;'/Iff kvf{n lgdf{0f – sf7df8f}Fsf] uf]s0f]{Zj/ gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] uf]s0f]{Zj/ lgs'~hsf] klZrd
tkm{sf] dfsnaf/Ldf h+unL hgfj/sf] ;'/Iff / h+unL hgfj/af6 dfgjj:tLsf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu $%)
ld6/ ;'/Iff kvf{n agfpg Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=%^ nfv ! xhf/df ^ dlxgfdf sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{
u/L @)&$.(.# df ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . kvf{n lgdf{0f:yndf af6f] lj:tf/ ug'{kg]{ ePsf]n] 6«i6n]
gu/kflnsf;Fu ;dGjo ug'{kg]{ egL gu/kflnsf sfof{non] lbPsf] lgj]bgcg';f/ k|wfgdGqL tyf
dlGqkl/ifb\\ sfof{noaf6 gu/kflnsf;Fu ;dGjo u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ ug]{ :jLs[lt lbPsf]df ?=!^ nfv
$% xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]kl5 gu/kflnsfn] lgdf{0f sfo{ /f]Sg cg'/f]w u/]sf] cfwf/df @)&%.#.% df 7]Ssf
/2 u/]sf] b]lvof] . o;af6 pQm lgdf{0f sfo{ cw'/f] /x]sf] / vr{;d]t pknlAwljxLg ePsf] 5 .
cg'udg tyf a]?h"
 cg'udg – ut jif{sf] k|ltj]bgdf ;"rgf k|ljlw ljsf; cfof]hgfdf nIocg';f/ k|ult gePsf], /fli6«o
;ts{tf s]Gb|n] u/]]sf] k|fljlws k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgn] cf}FNofPsf q'l6x?sf] cg'udg gePsf], g]kfn 6«i6sf]
;DklQsf] pkof]u gePsf] nufotsf Joxf]/f cf}FNofOPsf]df ;'wf/ ePsf] b]lvPg . ljutsf Joxf]/f k'g/fj[lQ
gx'g] u/L sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug'{kb{5 .
 a]?h"sf] l:ylt – of] jif{ dGqfno / dftxt;d]tsf lgsfosf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] a]?h"sf] l:ylt b]xfo
cg';f/ 5M
 dGqfno / dftxtsf ;d]t !)* lgsfodf of] jif{ ?=# ca{ &$ s/f]8 @& nfv (! xhf/ a]?h"
b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fPkl5 % lgsfon] ?=! s/f]8 ! nfv &( xhf/ km5\of}{6
u/]sf]n] ?=# ca{ &# s/f]8 @^ nfv !@ xhf/ afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=@ ca{ #$ s/f]8 !$
nfv !& xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL–!% df 5 .
 cGo ;+:yf ! tkm{ o; jif{ ?=! s/f]8 !^ nfv @) xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes k|ltj]bgsf]
k|ltlqmof;fy k|df0f k'i6\ofO{ k|fKt gePsf]n] km5\of}}{6 x'g afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f
cg';"rL–!^ df 5 .

cy{ dGqfno
dGqfnosf] sfo{If]qdf cfly{s gLltsf] th'{df u/L /fh:j k|If]k0f Pj+ ;Íng ub}{ of]hgf tyf
sfo{qmddf ;fwgsf] k|efjsf/L Joj:yfkg, pRr, lbuf], e/kbf{] / ul/aL lgjf/0ff]Gd'v cfly{s j[l4 xfl;n ug]{,
kf/blz{tf / ljQLo hjfkmb]lxtf j[l4 ug]{, jflif{s sfo{qmd / ah]6sf] dfWodaf6 ;fj{hlgs vr{ Joj:yfkg
u/L cfly{s gLlt sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] nufotsf sfo{ /x]sf] 5 . dGqfnonufot !&# lgsfoaf6
;]jfk|jfx x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
dGqfno / dftxt lgsfosf] of] jif{ ljlgof]hg ?=! va{ *) ca{ #) nfv, /fh:j ?=^ va{ $! ca{
#^ s/f]8 #@ nfv, w/f}6L ?= % ca{ #@ s/f]8 *@ nfv / cGo sf/f]af/ ?= @ va{ @@ ca{ %# s/f]8 &*
nfv;d]t ?=!) va{ $( ca{ @# s/f]8 @@ nfvsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . dGqfno dftxtsf
;fj{hlgs ;+:yfg, cGo ;+:yf / ;ldltsf] ?=!$ va{ *% ca{ !( s/f]8 !) nfvsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ul/Psf]
5 . ;f] sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
 ;dli6ut cfly{s l:ylt

1. ;du| cfly{s cj:yf – d'n'ssf] ljBdfg cfly{s kl/;"rscGtu{t cfly{s j[l4b/, /f]huf/Lsf] cj:yf,
pkef]u, nufgL / art, lghL If]qsf] k'FhL tyf ;/sf/L vr{sf] cj:yf, j}b]lzs ;xfotf kl/rfng,
d'b|f :kmLlt, cfoft lgof{t / zf]wgfGt/ l:yltnufot s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgdf ePsf] kl/jt{g h:tf
kIfx?sf] ljZn]if0faf6 b]lvPsf Joxf]/fx? lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
nIo -rf}wfF} pknlAw
ljifo
of]hgfcg';f/_ @)&@.&# @)&#.&$ @)&$.&%
cfly{s j[l4b/ 7.20 0.77 6.94 6.30
d'b|f:kmLlt 7.50 9.90 5.10 4.20
s'n /fh:j÷ufx{:Yo pTkfbg 19.57 20.50 22.30 24.68
s'n ;/sf/L vr{{÷ufx{:Yo pTkfbg 32.12 31.20 31.59 36.01
rfn' vr{+÷ufx{:Yo pTkfbg 22.00 19.30 23.67 24.57
k'FhLut vr{{÷ufx{:Yo pTkfbg 10.12 7.10 7.92 7.80
j}b]lzs cg'bfg÷ufx{:Yo pTkfbg 3.76 3.00 1.52 1.41
j}b]lzs C0f÷ufx{:Yo pTkfbg 6.85 2.60 1.48 2.80
cfGtl/s C0f÷ufx{:Yo pTkfbg 2.28 3.90 3.36 4.72
Jofkf/ 3f6f÷ufx{:Yo pTkfbg -32 -31.8 -34.40 -36.96
s'n pkef]u÷ufx{:Yo pTkfbg 93 94.70 89.70 84.99
lgof{t÷ufx{:Yo pTkfbg 3.50 3.30 3.00 2.70
cfoft÷ufx{:Yo pTkfbg 35.51 35.10 37.40 41.33
ah]6 3f6f÷ufx{:Yo pTkfbg 7 7.60 6.5 8.94
;|f]tM rf}wf}F of]hgf, cy{ dGqfno, dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{no / g]kfn /fi6« a}Í .
pko'{Qm tYofÍsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ d'b|f:kmLlt b/ tyf /fh:j j[l4 nIocg';f/ eP tfklg rf}wf}F
of]hgfcg';f/ cfly{s j[l4b/ &=@ k|ltzt k'¥ofpg] nIo /x]sf]df o; jif{ ^=#) k|ltztdfq /x]sf] 5 .
rfn' vr{ / k'FhLut vr{ s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] @@ / !)=!@ k|ltzt k'¥ofpg] nIo /x]sf]df rfn'
vr{ lgoGq0f / k'FhLut vr{ j[l4 x'g g;s]sf sf/0f qmdzM @$=%& / &=*) k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
j}b]lzs cg'bfg / C0f ck]Iff cg'?k kl/rfng x'g g;s]sf] sf/0f s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] #=&^ /
^=*% k|ltzt /xg'kg]{df qmdzM !=$! / @=*) k|ltzt dfq /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;du|df ah]6 3f6fnfO{
s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] & k|ltztleq /fVg] nIo eP klg *=($ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .

cy{ dGqfno
;du|tfdf cy{tGqsf s]xL ;"rsx? ;sf/fTds
gb]lvPsf] cj:yfnfO{ dWogh/ /fVb} cfoft lgoGq0f, of] jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 d'VotM ;du|
lgof{t k|j4{g, ;/sf/L vr{ Joj:yfkg, pkef]u art cfly{s cj:yfsf] l:ylt ;Gtf]ifhgs
nufgL lj:tf/ ug{ ;/sf/L tyf lghL If]q;d]taf6 g/x]sf], df}lb|s gLltsf] k"0f{?kdf
;dGjofTds ?kdf k|of; x'g' h?/L 5 . sfof{Gjog gePsf], /fh:j gLlt tyf
ah]6 jStJo cf+lzs ?kdf sfof{Gjog
2. df}lb|s gLltsf] sfof{Gjog – d'n'ssf] cy{tGqdf ePsf], cf}lrToa]u/ /fh:j tyf ;fˆ6f
cl:y/tf / clglZrttf l;h{gf x'g glbg t/ntf tyf 5'6 lbPsf], /fh:j aSof}tf c;'nL
Aofhb/ Joj:yfkg klg Ps dxTjk"0f{ cf}hf/ xf] . h;n] gePsf], ;|f]tsf] oyfy{ gePsf], ah]6
art / shf{ k|jfxnfO{ k|efljt kf/L /f]huf/L / cfly{s ;"rgf k|0ffnL sfof{Gjog gePsf],
j[l4df ;d]t c;/ kfb{5 . clws t/ntfn] lgIf]ksf] ah]6eGbf a9L vr{ u/]sf], ah]6a]u/ vr{
Aofhb/ Go"g x'Fbf j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] dfu a9\g uO{ d"No u/]sf], cy{ ah]6af6 jiff{Gtdf /sdfGt/
u/L vr{ u/]sf], ;|f]t ljk/Lt lgsf;f
j[l4, k'FhL knfog / zf]wgfGt/df ;d]t rfk kb{5 . lbPsf], sfo{qmda]u/ vr{ u/]sf], ljsf;
cy{tGqdf t/ntfsf] cefj xF'bf d"No j[l4 x'g], nufgL ;xfotf kl/rfng ck]Iff cg'?k gePsf],
tyf pkef]u 36\g uO{ cy{tGqdf ;+s'rg cfpg] xF'bf ;]o/ nufgLsf] k|ltkmn k|fKt gePsf],
d"No j[l4 lgoGq0f, shf{ nufgL nufotsf nflu ef8f c;'nL gu/]sf], cg'bfgsf] cg'udg
t/ntfsf] Joj:yfkg plrt 9Ën] ug'{kb{5 . of] jif{sf] gu/]sf], sfo{;~rfng sf]ifsf] df}Hbft
df}lb|s gLlt sfo{Gjogdf t/ntf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf km/s k/]sf], zf]wegf{ lng'kg]{ cf+lzs
b]lvPsf s]xL Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M ?kdf k|fKt ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
2.1 ljQLo k|0ffnLsf] :yfloTjsf] nflu df}lb|s gLltsf]
k|efjsf/L sfo{Gjog g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ nIo xf] . a}+lsË k|0ffnLdf lgIf]k cfk"lt{sf]
cj:yf / cy{tGqdf shf{sf] dfuaLr c;Gt'ng x'bf ljQLo ahf/df t/ntfsf] ;d:of pTkGg
x'ghfG5 . ahf/df t/ntfsf] clws jf Go"g cj:yfn] Aofhb/nfO{ cl:y/ agfpF5 . shf{sf] dfusf]
t'ngfdf a}Í lgIf]k Go"g b/n] a9\bf a}Íx?n] dfu adf]lhd shf{ pknAw u/fpg ;Sb}gg\ . o;n] ubf{
a9\bf] dfqfdf lgIf]k cfsif{0f ug{ lgIf]kstf{nfO{ lbg] Aofhb/ a9fpg'kg]{ x'G5 . pRr b/df lgIf]ksf]
Aofhb/ a9]kl5 shf{df lng] Aofhb/ klg a9fpg'kg]{ x'G5, h;n] ubf{ pTkfbg jf Joj;fosf] nfut
a9\g uO{ cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df g]kfnL pTkfbgsf] k|lt:kwf{Tds Ifdtf sdhf]/ x'g k'U5 . g]kfn /fi6«
a}Íaf6 k|fKt tYofÍcg';f/ shf{sf] jflif{s j[l4b/ b]xfoadf]lhd /x]sf] 5M
jflif{s j[l4b/ -k|ltztdf_
a}+lsË k|0ffnLsf] lgIf]k tyf shf{
@)&#÷&$ @)&$÷&%
s'n lgIf]k !@=^ !(=$
s'n shf{ !*=! @@=)
 s[lif !$=# %)=*
 pTkfbg shf{ !!=$ @)=^
 oftoft, ;~rf/ / ;fj{hlgs ;]jf @%=@ @^=&
 yf]s tyf v'b|f Aofkf/ !^=! @@=$
 ;]jf pBf]u @#=# @^=$
dflysf] tflnsfcg';f/ @)&@.&# sf] t'ngfdf @)&#.&$ df s'n lgIf]k !@=^ k|ltztn]
a9]sf]df s'n shf{ !*=! k|ltztn] a9]sf] lyof] . cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% df klg s'n lgIf]k !(=$
k|ltztn] a9\bf s'n shf{ @@=) k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% df If]qut shf{ la:tf/
x]bf{ s[lif shf{ %)=* k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 . of] j[l4b/ ut jif{sf] !$=# k|ltztsf] t'ngfdf ;f9] tLg
u'0ff eGbf a9L xf] . cGo clwsf+z If]qsf shf{ la:tf/ b/ klg lgIf]ksf] j[l4b/eGbf w]/} dfly 5g\ .
lgIf]ksf] cfk"lt{sf] t'ngfdf shf{sf] dfu pRr b/n] a9\bf Aofhb/ klg :jfefljs ?kn] a9\g hfG5 .
2.2 ljutsf jif{x?b]lv g} g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf] g]t[Tjdf ;~rfng x'g] v'nfahf/ sf/f]af/ ljQLo :yfloTj
k|flKttkm{ nlIft d'Vo cf}hf/ /xb} cfPsf] 5 . clws / Go"g t/ntfsf] hf]lvdaf6 d'n'ssf] ljQLo

cy{ dGqfno
k|0ffnL nfO{ hf]ufpg v'nf ahf/ sf/f]af/n] uxg e"ldsf v]Nb} cfPsf] 5 . k|0ffnLdf t/ntf Go"g /x]df
cfjZos dfqfdf t/ntf k|jfx ug'{ / clws t/ntf /x]df To;nfO{ k|zf]rg ug'{ v'nf ahf/
sf/f]af/sf] d'Vo Wo]o /x]sf] x'G5 . v'nf ahf/ sf/f]af/ cGtu{t ;/sf/L 6«]h/L lansf] :jfldTj g]kfn
/fi6« a}Í / a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfaLr x]/km]/ u/]/ / a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf]
lgIf]ksf] c+z cNksfndf g]kfn /fi6« a}Í jf oL ;+:yfaLr ;f/]/ ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf]
:jfldTjdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] hf/L u/]sf] cNksfnLg cjlwsf 6«]h/L lansf] s]xL c+z a}Í tyf ljQLo
;+:yfx?nfO{ ;f]em} a]r]/ -:jfldTj g} x:tfGt/0f u/]/_ / l/e;{ l/kf] af]nsaf]n dfkm{t cNksfnsf] nflu
a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]/ k|0ffnLdf /x]sf] gub g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín] lvr]/ ahf/af6
t/ntf k|zf]rg ub{5 . a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] ;+/If0fdf /x]sf] gful/ssf] lgIf]k af]nsaf]nsf]
dfWoodaf6 cNksfnsf] nflu g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín] v/Lb u/]/ klg t/ntf k|zf]rg ug]{ ul/G5 .
o;}u/L a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] ;/sf/L C0fkq ;f]em} v/Lb u/]/ jf
cNksfnsf] l/kf] af]nsaf]ndfkm{t cfk\mgf] :jfldTjdf ;f/]/ g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín] ljQLo k|0ffnLdf
gub÷t/ntf k|jfx ub{5 . g]kfn /fi6« a}Íaf6 v'nfahf/ sf/f]af/dfkm{t a}+lsË k|0ffnLdf t/ntf
k|zf]rg / k|jfxsf] cj:yf lgDgadf]lhd /x]sf] 5M
-?= s/f]8df _
ljj/0f @)&@÷&# @)&#÷&$ @)&$÷&%
-s_ k|zf]rg 2,45,05 1,85,44 3,02,34
!_ ;f]em} laqmL af]nsaf]n 9,10 - 8,40
@_ l/e;{ l/kf] af]nsaf]n 2,35,95 64,25 84,75
#_ lgIf]k af]nsaf]n -!$ b]lv () lbg ;Ddsf]_ - 60,20 1,01,85
-v_ k|jfx -;f]em} v/Lb, l/kf / Aofhb/ sl/8f]/_ - 60,90 1,07,34
v'nf ahf/af6 v'b k|zf]rg 2,45,05 1,24,54 1,95,00
g]kfn /fi6« a}Íaf6 a}+lsË k|0ffnLdf cGo ;fwgåf/f t/ntf k|jfx
!_ :yfoL t/ntf ;'ljwf 14,03 62,39 38,33
@_ ljb]zL d'b|f v/Lb 4,71,35 4,35,86 4,22,34
#_ k'gs{hf{ 8,96 15,40 17,57
hDdf 4,94,34 5,13,65 4,78,24
v'b k|jfx 2,49,29 3,89,11 2,83,24
g]kfn /fi6« a}Íaf6 a}+lsË k|0ffnLdf v'b t/ntf k|jfx 2,49,29 3,89,11 2,83,24
v'nf ahf/ sf/f]af/af6 g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín] v'b k|zf]rg u/]klg t/ntf k|jfxsf cGo ;fwgsf]
dfWodaf6 g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín] a}+lsË k|0ffnLdf 7"nf] dfqfdf gub k|jfx u/]sf] k|i6} b]lvG5 . o:tf] k|jfx
@)&@÷&# df ? @ va{ $( ca{ / @)&#÷&$ df ? # va{ *( ca{ k'u]sf] lyof] . cfly{s jif{
@)&$÷&% o:tf] k|jfx ? ! va{ eGbf al9n] 36]/ ? @ va{ *# ca{df /x]sf] 5 . o;af6 g]kfnsf]
t/ntf Joj:yfkg, ljQLo cj:yf / cGttf]uTjf df}lb|s l:yltdf ljb]zL d'b|fn] lg0ff{os k|efj kfg]{
b]lvPsf]n] oL tYodf Wofg lbO{ t/ntf k|zf]rg Pj+ k|jfx;DaGwL gLlt lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
2.3 g]kfn /fi6« a}Íaf6 k|jflxt k'gs{hf{sf] ljj/0fcg';f/ ljut # jif{df u/]sf] k'gs{hf{dWo] ;fwf/0f
shf{df $ k|ltzt, lgof{tdf ! k|ltzt / e"sDkkLl8tsf] nflu z"Go k|ltztdf shf{ k|jfx u/]sf] 5 .
a}Íx?n] k'gs{hf{ b/df @–# k|ltzt yk Aofhb/df Joj;foLnfO{ shf{ pknAw u/fpFb5g\ . s'n
k'g{shf{ /sd @)&@.&# sf] ?=* ca{ (^ s/f]8af6 (^=)( k|ltztn] a9]/ @)&$.&% df ?=!& ca{ %&
s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . s'n k'gs{hf{dWo] ;fwf/0f k'gs{hf{sf] c+z @)&$.)&% df *$=%@ k|ltzt, lgof{t
k'gs{hf{sf] c+z &=%^ k|ltztn] / e"sDk kLl8tnfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] k'gs{hf{sf] c+z &=(@ k|ltzt /x]sf]
5 . g]kfnL cy{tGqsf] cfsf/ / a}Í Pj+ ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] cfk"lt{ u/]sf] s'n shf{sf] t'ngfdf ;f] /sd
Go"g xf] . lgof{t k'gs{hf{ @)&#.&$ df #^=@( k|ltztn] 36]sf] lyof] . lgof{t k'gs{hf{ @)&@.&# sf]
t'ngfdf @)&$.)&% df ?=@ s/f]8 *) nfv dfq a9L 5 .
g]kfn /fi6«a}Íaf6 k|fKt u/]sf] tYofÍcg';f/ k|To]s jif{ dfusf] t'ngfdf k'gs{hf{sf] cfk"lt{
qmdzM 36\b} uPsf] 5 . a}Ín] @)&@.&# df s'n dfusf] (^=( k|ltzt cfk"lt{ u/]sf]df k'gs{hf{
cy{ dGqfno
cfk"lt{sf] o:tf] c+z qmdzM 36]/ @)&#.&$ df &^=% k|ltzt / @)&$.&% df #$=# k|ltzt dfq /x]sf]
5 . pTkfbgzLn If]qnfO{ psf:g, lgof{t k|j4{g ug{, e"sDkkLl8tnfO{ /fxt k|bfg ug{ / x/]sjif{ emg\
emg\ sl;nf] x'Fb} uPsf] t/ntf Go"gtfsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín] k'gs{hf{ k|jfx
Jofks?kn] lj:tf/ ug{ cfjZos 5 .
2.4 g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín] @)&#.&$ b]lv sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] Aofhb/ sl/8f]/ k|0ffnLn] @)&$.)&%df cfP/
clwstd / Go"gtd l/kf] b/ aLrsf] b/ ;fF3'l/+b} uPsf] 5 . df}lb|s gLlt @)&%.&^ n] clgjfo{ gub
cg'kft / j}wflgs t/ntf cg'kft 36fPklg jfl0fHo a}Íx?sf] shf{ / lgIf]kaLrsf] efl/t cf};t
Aofhb/ km/sdf ck]lIft ;'wf/ b]lv+b}g . o:tf] km/s @)&% cf;f/ d;fGtsf] %=(* k|ltztaf6 )=@*
k|ltzt laGb'n] 36]/ @)&% d+l;/df %=&) k|ltzt sfod 5 . tyflk a}Íx?n] cfˆgf lgIf]kstf{x?nfO{
lbg] Aofhb/eGbf Joj;foLnfO{ lbPsf] Aofhb/ efl/t cf};t %=&) k|ltzt a9L x'g' Gofof]lrt xf]Og .
pko'{Qmadf]lhdsf cj:yf lg/fs/0f ug{ ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k|efjsf/L cg'udgdf g]kfn /fi6« a}Í / cy{
dGqfnon] ;dGjosf/L e"ldsfaf6 sfo{ cufl8 a9fpg'kb{5 .
 /fh:j gLlt tyf dfu{bz{g

3. ;|f]tsf] k|If]k0f – æ;Da[4 g]kfn / ;'vL g]kfnLÆ eGg] cleofgsf] ;kmntfsf nflu nufgL d}qL s/
k|0ffnL tyf lbuf] Pj+ cg'dfg of]Uo /fh:j kl/rfng k4lt cfjZos kb{5 . ;+3Lo ljQ kl/rfngsf]
nflu nufgL d}qL jftfj/0f, /fli6«o pTkfbgdf j[l4 tyf /f]huf/Lsf] l;h{gfaf6 lbuf] cfly{s
ljsf;nfO{ 6]jf k'Ug] u/L ;|f]tsf] k|If]k0f ug'{ h?/L 5 . o; ;DaGwdf g]kfnsf] cj:yf b]xfocg';f/
/x]sf] 5M
3.1 cGt/ lgsfo / cGt/b]zLo ;"rgf cfbfg–k|bfg, bf]xf]/f] s/ d'lQmsf] ;Demf}tf, ax'/fli6\o sDkgLx?sf]
lj:tf/;Fu} ljB'tLo Jofkf/, d"No x:tfGt/0f, cfosf] v08Ls/0f, s/fwf/ If]qnufotsf ljifon]
cGt/f{li6\o s/ / s/f/f]k0fdf hl6ntf b]lvPsf] 5 .
3.2 d"No clej[l4 s/df s/ cGt/ cToflws /x]sf]df rfn' jif{sf] ah]6n] s/ gLlt cGt/nfO{ 36fpg s/
5'6sf] bfo/f 36fO{ s]xL ;Daf]wg u/]sf] 5 . t/ klg bfo/f lj:tf/ / s/ kl/kfngfdf pNn]Vo ;'wf/
gx'Fbf s/ ;xeflutfsf] cGt/ pk/ cem} ;'wf/ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
3.3 /fh:j k|If]k0fsf] cfwf/ s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg;Fu k|ToIf :yflkt ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . ljZjsf ljsl;t
b]zn] s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] @) k|ltztsf] xf/fxf/Ldf /fh:j ;Íng ubf{ cfGtl/s ;|f]tsf] cfwf/
dhj't agfPsf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] kl/j]zdf /fh:j ;Íng s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] @$ k|ltztsf]
xf/fxf/Ldf /x]sf] 5 . s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] cfwf/ jif{ ;d;fdlos agfpg g;sL ;g\ @))) sf]
tYofÍnfO{ cfwf/ lng' k/]sf]n] gjLgtd Jofj;flos Pj+ pkef]Uo sfo{x? s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf]
bfo/fdf gcfPsf]n] o;af6 /fli6\o n]vfsf ;a} r/0fx? ;d]6\g ;s]sf] 5}g . t;y{ o;/L u0fgf ePsf]
s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg;Fu /fh:j k|If]k0f / c;'nLsf] cfFs8f t'ngf ubf{ ePsf lgisif{x?n] d'n'ssf]
oyfy{ cj:yf lrq0f x'g cem} afFsL /x]sf] cj:yf 5 .
3.4 dfn j:t'sf] eG;f/ dx;'n c;'nL oyfy{ sf/f]af/df cfwfl/t agfpg / ahf/df laqmL ljt/0f x'g]
;fdu|Lsf] oyfy{ aLhs hf/L u/L Joj;fo ug{ lghL If]qnfO{ pTk|]l/t x'g] jftfj/0f tof/ u/]/ /fh:j
k|zf;gn] hf]lvddf cfwfl/t cg'udg k|0ffnL k"0f{ ?kn] sfof{Gjog ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . s/ kl/kfngf
clej[l4 u/L /fh:j ;Íngsf ;a} If]qdf :jo+ s/ k|0ffnL nfu" u/L tYofÍdf cfwfl/t /fh:j k|If]k0f
k|0ffnLaf6 /fh:j c;'nLdf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg'kb{5 .
3.5 d'n's ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnLdf ?kfGt/0f ePkl5 k|b]z tyf :yfgLo txaf6 gful/snfO{ k'¥ofpg'kg]{
;]jf k|jfxsf] :t/ a9fpg 7'nf] ;|f]t vr{ ug'{ k/]sf] kl/j]zdf u}/s/ /fh:jdf k'g/fjnf]sg u/L
/fh:j k|If]k0f / c;'nL k|efjsf/L x'g g;s]sf] cj:yf ljBdfg 5 .
t;y{ /fh:j k|If]k0f ubf{ ljutsf /fh:j c;'nLsf] cfwf/df lglZrt a9f]Q/L ug{] k|lqmofdf
;'wf/ u/L ;dli6ut cfly{s kl/;"rsx? s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg, pkof]u, /fli6«o cfo, cy{tGqsf gjLg
cy{ dGqfno
If]qx?, d'b|f :kmLlt / ;/sf/sf] s/ gLltnfO{ ;d]t cfwf/ lng'kb{5 . ;+3sf] cltl/Qm k|b]z / :yfgLo
txaf6 ul/g] /fh:j k|If]k0fnfO{ ;d]t oyfy{tfdf cfwfl/t agfpg lglZrt cfwf/ to x'g] u/L /fh:j
gLlt / /fh:j k|zf;gsf] bIftfdf ;'wf/ ug{'kb{5 .
4. /fh:j gLlt – ah]6n] nufgL d}qL s/gLltsf] dfWodaf6 cfly{s ;d[l4sf] hu a;fNg], cfly{s
lqmofsnfk d}qL s/ k|0ffnL sfof{Gjogaf6 cy{tGqnfO{ ultzLn agfpg], /fli6«o pTkfbg j[l4 u/L
k/lge{/tf 36fpFb} lgof{t k|j4{g ug]{, Jofkf/ ;xhLs/0f, Ifdtf clej[l4 / k|lqmofut ;'wf/ u/L
:j}lR5s s/ kl/kfngf j[l4 ug]{, ;+3Lo ljQ ;anLs/0fsf] nflu s/fwf/sf] ;+/If0f / cfly{s
kf/blz{tfdf hf]8 lbg], /fh:j kl/rfngdf u}/s/ /fh:jsf] of]ubfg a9fpg] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .
;+3Lo ;+/rgf cg'?k ;+3 / k|b]z, cfly{s tyf of]hgf dGqfno;Dd /fh:j k|zf;gsf
sd{rf/Lsf] pkl:ylt /xg] ;+/rgf tof/ eP klg tLg} txsf] /fh:j kl/rfngdf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg]
u/L gLltut Joj:yf x'g ce}m afFsL /x]sf] 5 . cGo gLltut Joj:yfsf] sfof{Gjog cj:yf lgDgfg';f/
5M
4.1 sfo{;Dkfbgdf ;xhtf / Ps?ktf NofO{ /fh:j tYofÍ ;+/If0f ug]{ p2]Zon] /fh:j;Fu ;Da4 ljB'tLo
;"rgf k|0ffnLnfO{ cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefu, eG;f/ ljefu / /fh:j cg';Gwfg ljefunufot cGo
;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfoaLr cfa4tf ug]{ sfo{ k"0f{ ?kdf x'g;s]sf] 5}g . sDkgL /lhi6«f/ sfof{no,
;xsf/L ljefu, u}/;sf/L ;+:yf btf{ lgsfo / cGo pBf]u, k]zf, Joj;fo btf{ ug]{ lgsfox?;Fu
;dGjo u/L d'n'sdf x'g] ;du| Jofkf/, k]zf, Joj;fosf] clen]v tof/ u/]sf] 5}g .
4.2 d"No clej[l4 s/nfO{ cfGtl/s ;|f]tsf] d]?b08sf] ?kdf lng] gLlt eP klg sfof{Gjog cj:yf
ljZn]if0f ubf{ b'O{ ltxfO{ c+z cfoftdf cfwfl/t 5 . cfGtl/s ?kdf ;Íng ug]{ d"No clej[l4 s/sf]
lx:;f / o;sf] k|efj b]lvg] u/L /fh:j k|If]k0f Pj+ c;'nL x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
4.3 ljZjdf ljsl;t pbf/Ls/0f tyf Jofkf/ ;xhLs/0f gLltn] j}b]lzs Jofkf/df cfwfl/t s/ 36fpFb} uP
klg xfd|f] d'n'ssf nflu o;sf] of]ubfg 36fpg ;lsPsf] 5}g . ljZj eG;f/ ;+u7gn] th'{df u/]sf]
xfdf]{gfOH8 sf]8, ;f] sf]8cg';f/ lng] dx;'n b/df ljleGg b|i6Jo / k6s] lg0f{o u/L s/ 5'6 lbg]
kl/kf6Ldf cem} ;'wf/ x'g afFsL 5 . o;sf] c;/ /fh:j k|If]k0f / c;'nL b'a}df k/]sf] 5 .
4.4 Go"g aLhsLs/0f ePsf j:t'x? vl/b ug]{ sfo{sf] nflu ah]6 Joj:yf ul/P tfklg vl/bsf] sfo{
x'g;s]sf] 5}g . To:t} cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefutk{m ;f] ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw tof/ eP tfklg :jLs[t x'g
;s]sf] 5}g . o; jif{ Go"g aLhsLs/0fsf j:t' vl/b ug{ ?=! s/f]8 ah]6 Joj:yf eP klg Go"g
aLhsLs/0f ePsf s'g} ;fdfg vl/b ePsf] 5}g . o;af6 Go"g aLhsLs/0f /f]Sg] gLltut k|lta4tfsf]
kfngf ePsf] b]lvPg .
5. /fh:j c;'nL – ljut @ jif{sf] /fh:j nIo / c;'nL ePsf] /fh:jsf] l:ylt b]xfocg';f/ /x]sf]
b]lvG5M
-?= nfvdf_
@)&#.)&$ @)&$.&%
ljj/0f
nIo c;'nL nIo c;'nL c;'nL k|ltzt
cfos/ !,$!,^),#$ !,$*,@#,^) !,^&,!(,&% !,%(,*&,*^ 95.62
d"No clej[l4 s/ !,^$,&@,)$ !,^),#!,^% @,!%,(^,*& @,)^,*),)( 95.75
cGtMz'Ns *),($,@^ *$,^&,*# !,)@,**,!# !,)@,%&,() 99.70
eG;f/ dx;'n (&,#&,** !,!#,!*,$) !,#&,#@,&! !,#&,&*,$& 100.33
cGo !,**,!$,&& !,)@,&^,%! !,)^,^*,)( !,@%,!&,^# 117.33
hDdf ^,&@,&(,@( ^,)(,!&,(( &,#),)%,%% &,#@,@!,(% 100.29
cfly{s cfwf/sf] d]?b08sf] ?kdf /x]sf] cfos/ / d"No clej[l4 s/ nIosf] t'ngfdf sl/a
(% k|ltztdfq c;'nL ePsf] 5 . /fh:j n]vfk|0ffnL gubdf cfwfl/t ePsf]n] s/bftfn] clu|d ?kdf
bflvnf u/]sf] cfos/nfO{ ;f] jif{sf] /fh:j dfGg] ul/G5 . ;fy} s/bftfn] d"No clej[l4 s/tk{m j:t'
cy{ dGqfno
tyf ;]jf jf:tljs ?kdf pkef]u gx'Fbf;Dd pBf]u Joj;fo ug]{ s/bftfn] a'emfPsf] d"No clej[l4 s/
;/sf/;Fu lng'kg]{ -q]ml86_ sf] ?kdf pNn]v ug]{ eP klg To:tf] /sdnfO{ /fh:jdf g} b]vfpg] ul/G5 .
d"No clej[l4 s/ q]ml86 @)&$.&% sf] cGTodf ?=#% ca{ &! s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . h'g oyfy{df cfh{g
eO;s]sf] /fh:j ge} bfloTj dfq xf] . ;/sf/n] clu|d ?kdf k|fKt ePsf o:tf /sdnfO{ bfloTjdf
b]vfpg] u/]sf] 5}g . h;n] ubf{ /fHosf] oyfy{ lx;fa b]lvFb}g . clu|d k|fKt /fh:jnfO{ bfloTjdf
n]vfÍg ug]{ Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
6. /fh:j 5'6 – cy{ dGqfnosf] sfo{;~rfng sfo{ljlw, @)^% sf]] v08 @ df /fh:j 5'6;DaGwL ljleGg
gLltut Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . cfly{s P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf !( n] ;d]t ljleGg dfnj:t' pBf]u
Joj;foL, ;+:yf, cfof]hgfnfO{ /fh:j 5'6 lbg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . /fh:j 5'6sf] ljifodf
k|ltj]bgdfkm{t Joxf]/fx? cf}FNofpFb} cfPsf]df of] jif{sf] cfly{s P]gaf6 d"No clej[l4 s/
lkmtf{nufotsf Joj:yfnfO{ k'g/fjnf]sg u/L ;'wf/sf] z'?jft ePsf] 5 . j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] k}7f/Ldf
nfUg] dx;'n b/;DaGwL b|i6Jo cg';"rL, k6s] ?kdf ul/g] lg0f{osf cfwf/df x'g] 5'6 k"0f{?kdf x6fpg
afFsL 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf cGo Joxf]/fx? lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
6.1 ljz]if P]g lgod jf ;"lrt cfb]zcGtu{tsf] /fh:j 5'6, låkIfLo jf jx'klIfo C0f÷cg'bfg, ;xfotf
;Demf}tf cGtu{tsf] /fh:j 5'6 tyf ;fdflhs ;]jf If]qnufotnfO{ /fh:j 5'6 lbOg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .
tf]lsPsf] 5'6 ;'ljwf tf]lsPsf] zt{cg';f/ ;b'kof]u ePsf] ;'lglZrt x'g] cfwf/ g/x]sf]n] o; If]qdf
k|efjsf/L cg'udg ug{ ;+oGqsf] Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 .
6.2 cfly{s P]g, @)&$ sf] cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf !$-!_ df eG;f/ dx;'n k"0f{ 5'6 x'g], bkmf !$-@_ df
eG;f/ dx;'n ! k|ltzt nfUg] / bkmf !$-#_ df eG;f/ dx;'n cf+lzs 5'6 x'g] Joj:yf 5 . ;f]xL
P]gsf] bkmf !% df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt lgsfosf] l;kmfl/;df -!_ eG;f/ dx;'n k"0f{ 5'6 x'g] -@_
eG;f/ dx;'n ! k|ltzt nfUg] -#_ eG;f/ dx;'n cf+lzs 5'6 x'g] dfnj:t' pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L
;f]xL P]gn] d"No clej[l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] cg';"rL ! adf]lhdsf ;fdfgdf d"No clej[l4 s/ 5'6
x'g] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] cfo–Joo ljj/0fsf] cleGg cËsf] ?kdf /fh:j 5'6sf] ljj/0f ah]6
jStJo;Fu} k]; ug]{ cGt/f{li6«o c;n cEof; /x]sf] 5 . /fh:j 5'6sf] pQm ljj/0fdf eG;f/, d"No
clej[l4 s/ / cGtMz'Ns 5'6 lbPsf] sf/0f, ;f] 5'6n] /fh:jdf x'g uPsf] sdLsf] /sdut clen]v
tof/ ug'{kg]{df dGqfnon] 5'6sf] clen]vsf nflu ;ˆ6jo]/ tof/ u/]sf] eP klg 5'6sf] /sdut
ljj/0f pknAw x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . n]vfk/LIf0fsf] qmddf eG;f/ ljefusf] cfl;s'8f, cfGtl/s /fh:j
ljefusf] tYofÍnufotaf6 ;Ílnt ;"rgfcg';f/ of] jif{ ?=$! ca{ @$ s/f]8 /fh:j 5'6 lbPsf]
b]lvPsf] 5 . o:tf] ljj/0f ah]6;Fu} Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf k]; ug'{kb{5 .
6.3 s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] Ps ltxfO{ c+z s[lif If]qn] cf]u6]sf]n] s[lif pTkfbgnfO{ 6]jf k'¥ofpg s[lif
ljsf; dGqfnodfkm{t of] jif{ ?=* ca{ &^ s/f]8 / /f;folgs dndf ?=$ ca{ %( s/f]8;d]t
s[ifsnfO{ ?=!# ca{ #% s/f]8 cg'bfg pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . s[lifhGo kbfy{df cfTdlge{/ agfpg
o;k|sf/sf] cg'bfg lbO/x]sf] cj:yfdf cfoftdf klg s[lif tyf kz'hGo pTkfbg nufotdf ?=@ ca{
$# s/f]8 eG;f/ dx;'n 5'6 lbPsf] b]lvof] . cfGtl/s pTkfbg j[l4df k|f]T;fxg k'¥ofpg cg'bfg lbP
klg s[lif tyf kz'hGo ;fdu|Lsf] cfoftdf ;d]t /fh:j 5'6 lbPsf], 5'6 /sdnfO{ nfutdf ;dfj]z
gu/]sf]n] ;fdu|Lsf] d"No lgwf{/0f / :jb]zL pTkfbgdf kg]{ k|efjaf/] cWoog ug'{kb{5 .
6.4 j}b]lzs ;xfotfdf ;~rfng x'g] cfof]hgfdf lgdf{0f sfo{sf nflu ;Demf}tfdf Joj:yf ePadf]lhd
cfoft ug]{ lgdf{0f ;fdu|Ldf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lg0f{oaf6 eG;f/ dx;'n, s/, z'Ns 5'6 lbg] Joj:yf
cg';f/ of] jif{ ?=^& s/f]8 &* nfv 5'6 lbPsf] 5 . o:tf ;'ljwfdf cfoft x'g] ;fdu|Ldf nfUg] /fh:j
5'6 /sdsf] clen]v / /fh:j 5'6 lbPsf] /sd cfof]hgfsf] nufgL / pTkflbt j:t'sf] nfutdf klg
;dfj]z ug]{ u/]sf] 5}g . 5'6df cfoftLt ;fdfg ;DalGwt cfof]hgfdf g} pkof]u ePsf] cg'udg
x'g'kb{5 .
6.5 j}b]lzs ;xfotfdf ;~rflnt cfof]hgfn] ;Demf}tfdf Joj:yf ePadf]lhd eG;f/df nut /fvL
;jf/L;fwg pks/0fx? k}7f/L ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ nutdf ?=!% s/f]8 %^ nfv /fh:j 5'6 lbO{
cy{ dGqfno
k}7f/L ePsf] 5 . o:tf ;jf/L;fwg tyf pks/0f k|of]hg ;dfKt ePkl5 lkmtf{ n}hfg'kg]{ jf eG;f/
dx;'n ltg'{kg]{df eG;f/ ljefu, ;DalGwt sfof{no jf cfof]hgfn] nut g/fv]sf] cj:yf 5 . h;af6
/fh:j 5'6sf dfnj:t' tf]lsPsf] cjlw kZrft\\ klg k|of]u e}/xg] l:ylt 5 .
/fh:j 5'6sf] ljifodf ePsf] ;'wf/nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbFb} cfly{s P]gsf] b|i6Jo / k6s] lg0f{oaf6
lbOg] 5'6nfO{ qmdzM 36fpFb} n}hfg'sf] cltl/Qm 5'6sf] clen]v Jojl:yt u/]/ kf/blz{tf k|j4{g;d]t
u/fpg'kb{5 .
7. lrgL cfoft Pj+ /fh:j 5'6 – g]kfndf xfn !@ lrgL pBf]u ;~rfngdf /x]sf]df ;a} h;f] pBf]u
3f6fdf /x]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/n] pv'sf] d"No lgwf{/0f ug]{, ls;fgnfO{ pv' laqmLsf] cfwf/df cg'bfg
lbg] / lrgLsf] laqmL d"No lgwf{/0f ug]{ / ;f] d"Nodf pBf]ux?n] lrgL laqmL ug]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .
lrgL cfoft, d"No lgwf{/0f / /fh:j 5'6 ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Aoxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
7.1 cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df @)&$.&% df lrgLsf] efp 36]sf] cj:yfdf lrgLsf] cfoft a9\b} uPsf] /
b]zleqsf lrgL pBf]usf] ;+/If0f ug{ lrgLsf] k}7f/L dx;'n a9fpg @)&$.(.!! df pBf]u Joj;foL /
cy{ dGqfnoaLr ;xdlt ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;xdlt ePsf] ljifodf tTsfn cf}krfl/s lg0f{o gu/L
@)&%.!.$ df dfq lrgLsf] eG;f/ dx;'n !% k|ltztaf6 #) k|ltzt j[l4 u/]sf] b]lvof] . ;f] cjlwdf
lrgLsf] k}7f/L cTolws?kdf j[l4 ePsf] b]lvG5 . pknAw cfl;s'8f k|0ffnLsf] tYofÍcg';f/ @)&$.&%
df @ nfv #$ xhf/ d]l6«s 6g lrgL cfoft ePsf] b]lvG5 . h'g ut jif{sf] kl/df0f &! xhf/ d]l6«s
6geGbf #=# u'0ff a9L /x]sf] 5 . jflif{s sl/a @ nfv #) xhf/ d]l6«s 6g lrgLsf] vkt /x]sf]df
sl/a ! nfv &% xhf/ d]l6«s 6g lrgL :jb]zdf pTkfbg x'g] u/]sf] pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{
dGqfnosf] cWoog k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5 . pQm tYofÍaf6 d'n'ssf] oyfy{ cfjZostfeGbf a9L lrgL
cfoft u/L df}Hbft /fv]sf] cj:yf 5 . ;/sf/n] pBf]uL Joj;foL;Fu ;xdlt u/]cg'?k tTsfn eG;f/
dx;'n lgwf{/0f gu/L $ dlxgf l9nfO u/]sf] sf/0f ;f] ;dodfdfq ?=# ca{ %& s/f]8 *) nfv
d"Nosf] &( xhf/ $$ d]l6«s 6g lrgL cfoft x'Fbf j[l4 ul/Psf] dx;'n b/ #) k|ltztnfO{ cfwf/
lnFbf;d]t ?=%# s/f]8 ^^ nfv (% xhf/ eG;f/ /fh:jdf k|efj k/]sf] b]lvG5 . gLltut ;xdlt jf
lg0f{o u/]sf] ljifo tTsfn sfof{Gjogdf gNofpFbf o:tf] k|efj k/]sf]n] o;tk{m oyf]lrt Wofg
k'¥ofpg'kb{5 .
7.2 cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df lrgLsf] d"No ;:tf] x'Fb} u}/x]sf]n] k}7f/Lstf{n] ut jif{ k|lt lsnf]u|fd ?=$) b]lv
?=%! ;Dddf lrgL k}7f/L u/]sf] b]lvG5 . eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/ ;dfj]z ubf{ ;d]t
cfoftLt lrgLsf] nfut k|lt s]=hL= ?=%@ b]lv ?=%^ ;Dd kg]{ b]lvof] . ;/sf/n] lrgLsf] v'b|f d"No
k|lt s]=hL= ?=^% b]lv ?=&) ;Dd lgwf{/0f u/]sf] kl/k|]Iodf cfofltt lrgLsf] laqmL a9L gfkmfo'Qm
b]lvG5 . t/ tf]lsPsf] d"Nodf lrgL laqmL ubf{ pBf]unfO{ gf]S;fg kg]{ hgfO{ d"No a9fpg pBf]ux?n]
kxn u/]sf] cj:yf 5 . :jb]zL pBf]unfO{ ;+/If0f ug{ ;/sf/n] @)&%.%.#! b]lv lrgL cfoftdf
kl/df0ffTds aGb]h nufPsf] 5 . t/ klxn] g} cfoft u/L df}Hbftdf /x]sf] lrgL ahf/df laqmL
e}/x]sf] 5 . cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df lrgLsf] pTkfbg nfut / d"No 36]sf] cj:yfdf ;d]t ;f]sf] kmfObf
g]kfnL pkef]Qmfn] kfpg ;Sg] b]lvPg . g]kfnsf lrgL pBf]ux?n] cy{tGqdf u/]sf] of]ubfg / pTkfbg
nfut 36\g g;Sg'sf] sf/0faf/] cWoog ePsf] ;d]t b]lvPg . t;y{ o; ;DaGwdf cWoogsf] h?/L
b]lvG5 .
7.3 ;/sf/n] lrgLsf] d"Nodf l:y/tf sfod ug{ ;fN6 6]«l8ª lnld6]8nfO{ lrgL cfoft ug{ eG;f/ dx;'n
5'6 lbPsf] 5 . ;f]adf]lhd of] jif{ ;f] ;+:yfn] #& xhf/ %)* d]l6«s 6g lrgL] ?=@ ca{ @* s/f]8 ^(
nfvdf cfoft ubf{ d"No clej[l4 s/;d]t ?=#* s/f]8 &^ nfv /fh:j 5'6 lbPsf] 5 . cfl;s'8f
k|0ffnLaf6 k|fKt tYofÍ cWoog ubf{ cGo k}7f/Lstf{n] k|lt s]=hL= ?=$) b]lv ?=%! ;Dddf lrgL
k}7f/L u/]sf]df ;f] ;+:yfn] k|lt s]=hL= ?=^) df k}7f/L u/]sf] b]lvG5 . cGo k}7f/Lstf{n] #) k|ltzt
eG;f/ dx;'n lt/]/ k}7f/L ubf{ eGbf ;fN6 6]«l8ª lnld6]8n] ! k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n lt/]/ k}7f/L u/]sf]
lrgL dx+uf] x'g] b]lvof] . eG;f/ / d"=c=s/;d]t ;f] ;+:yfn] k}7f/L u/]sf] lrgL k|lt s]=hL= ?=^( kg]{
b]lvG5 . ha ls ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] laqmL d"No ;f]eGbf sd b]lvG5 . cGo k}7f/Lstf{sf] laqmL
d"Nodf gfkmf;d]t ;dfj]z /xG5 . o;/L ahf/ d"NonfO{ l:y/ ug]{ p2]Zon] lbPsf] 5'6df vl/b x'Fbfsf]
cy{ dGqfno
nfuteGbf v'nf ahf/df k}7f/Lstf{n] cfoft u/]sf] lrgL ;:tf] x'g] cj:yfn] pQm /fh:j 5'6 ?=#*
s/f]8 &^ nfv cf}lrTok"0f{ b]lvPg .
8. ;fˆ6f 5'6 – cfly{s P]g, @)&$ sf] kl/R5]b @! -^_ df ;fs{ d'n'[saf6 pTkflbt ;fdfgx? k|tLtkq
vf]nL blIf0f Pl;ofnL :jtGq Jofkf/ ;Demf}tf -;fˆ6f_ cGtu{t k|df0fkq ;+nUg u/]/ k}7f/L ePdf
@)^@.(.!& df sfod /x]sf] eG;f/ dx;'n b/df lglZrt k|ltztn] eG;f/ dx;'n 5'6 lbg] Joj:yf
u/]sf] / of] Joj:yf nfu" ePsf] !# jif{ JotLt e};s]sf] 5 . ;fˆ6fsf] ;'ljwf pkof]u u/L @)&$.&%
df ljleGg Joj;foLx?n] ;'ulGwt j:t' agfpg], hLjhGt'hGo jf jg:ktL t]n, Un'sf]h / t/n
Un'sf]h, xln{S;, kmnfd jf cldl>t :kftsf PËn, k|fylds ?ksf kf]lnPl;6N;, cGo kf]lnOy;{ /
Pkf];fO8 /]lUhG;, k|fylds ?kdf kf]nL sfaf]{g]6\;nufotsf ;fdfg k}7f/L ubf{ ?=@ ca{ *) s/f]8 %&
nfv eG;f/ dx;'n, ;f]sf] cGtMz'Ns tyf d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=#% s/f]8 *! nfv;d]t ?=# ca{ !&
s/f]8 @! nfv /fh:j 5'6 ePsf] 5 .
;fˆ6f 5'6 lnP/ ;/sf/n] xfn;Dd s'g} klg dfnj:t' lgsf;L u/L kmfObf lng ;s]sf] 5}g .
kmn:j?k cGt/f{li6«o Pj+ If]qLo ;d"x;Fu d'n'sn] u/]sf] ;xdlt Pj+ ;Demf}tfaf6 cfoft lgof{tdf lng]
dx;'n b/x?df cem} sd x'g;Sg] / ;f]af6 /fh:j c;'nLdf sdL x'g] cj:yf 5 . ;fˆ6f 5'6af6 kmfObf
lng pko'Qm /0fgLlt tof/ ug'{kb{5 . ljsf; lgdf{0f tyf ;]jf k|jfxsf] nflu k|To]s jif{ /fh:j j[l4
x'g'kg]{ ljifodf ;fd~h:otf Nofpg gLltut ?kdf ;'wf/ Pj+ k'g/fjnf]sg x'g'kb{5 .
9. /fh:j aSof}tf c;'nL – dGqfnon] /fh:j aSof}}tfsf] c;'nLsf] cg'udg, lgb]{zg / clen]vfÍgsf]
sfo{df yk lqmofzLntf b]vfpg g;s]sf]n] aSof}tfsf] cÍdf j[l4 / c;'nLsf] k|ltztdf Go"gtf cfPsf]
tYofÍaf6 b]lvPsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
9.1 dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{nosf] ljj/0fcg';f/ ;/sf/n] ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfg, ;ldlt, af]8{ / :yfgLo
lgsfodf u/]sf] C0f nufgLsf] efvf gf3]sf] ;fFjf ?=$% ca{ &! s/f]8 !( nfv / Aofh ?=$& ca{
^% s/f]8 *@ nfv;d]t ?=(# ca{ #& s/f]8 ! nfv /fh:j aSof}tf /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] jL/uGh lrgL
sf/vfgfsf] ?=%( s/f]8, xl/l;l4 OF6f tyf 6fon sf/vfgfsf] ?=@^ s/f]8, lxdfn l;d]G6sf] ?=$*
s/f]8, cf]l/oG6 DofUg];fO6sf] ?=! ca{ $^ s/f]8, x]6f}+8f sk8fsf] ?=&( s/f]8, a'6jn wfuf]
sf/vfgfsf] ?=! ca{ @* s/f]8, uf]/vsfnL /a/ pBf]usf] ?=! ca{ $) s/f]8, hgsk'/ r'/f]6
sf/vfgfsf] ?=@ ca{ !( s/f]8, h'6 ljsf; ;+:yfgsf] ?=!! s/f]8, 3/]n' lzNksnfsf] ?=@^ s/f]8, ^
wfg rfdn sDkgLsf] ?=*% s/f]8, oftfoft ;+:yfgsf] ?=! ca{ @$ s/f]8 / ;femf oftfoftsf] ?=@
ca{ !@ s/f]8;d]t ?=!# ca{ # s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 .
9.2 :yfgLo tx Pj+ cGo ;fj{hlgs ;+3÷;+:yfdWo] sf7df8f}F dxfgu/kflnsf;Fu ?=*( s/f]8, kf]v/f
dxfgu/kflnsf;Fu ?=#& s/f]8, e/tk'/ dxfgu/kflnsf;Fu ?=@* s/f]8, x]6f}+8f pk–dxfgu/kflnsf;Fu
?=!$ s/f]8, pbok'/ l;d]G6 sf/vfgf;Fu ?=# ca{ !^ s/f]8, g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f;Fu
?=$ ca{ %( s/f]8, g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0f;Fu ?=@ ca{ ( s/f]8, g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f;Fu ?=$(
ca{ (% s/f]8, vfg]kfgL ;+:yfg;Fu ?=% ca{ %) s/f]8, sf7df8f}F vfg]kfgL Joj:yf af]8{;Fu ?=# ca{
$* s/f]8, ;fgf ls;fg ljsf; a}Í;Fu ?=! ca{ #$ s/f]8;d]t ?=&! ca{ &( s/f]8 efvf gf3]sf]
;fFjf Aofh /x]sf] 5 . sltko ;+:yfx?n] gfkmf cfh{g ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf klg efvf gf3]sf] C0fsf]
;fFjf Aofh lt/]sf 5}gg\ .
o;k|sf/ ;~rfngdf g/x]sf, /x]/ klg 3f6fdf /x]sf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfg, ;ldlt, :yfgLo
txnufot;Fu lng afFsL /x]sf] caf{}+ /sd c;'nLsf nflu ;/sf/n] cleofgs} ?kdf sbd rfn]/
lx;fa /fkm;fkm ug'{kb{5 .
9.3 cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefusf] /fh:j aSof}tf k|0ffnLcg';f/ @)&$.&% ;Dd s/ aSof}tf /sddWo] cfos/
?=! va{ @@ ca{ $$ s/f]8, d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=@# ca{ && s/f]8;d]t ?=! va{ $^ ca{ @! s/f]8
/x]sf] 5 . pQm aSof}tfdWo] ?=$& ca{ ## s/f]8 -#@=$) k|ltzt_ sf ;DaGwdf k'g/fj]bgdf uPsf]n]
k'g/fj]bg -clkn_ k|ljli6 ePsf] 5 . t/ Ps s/bftf u|'ksf] ?=^) ca{ &! s/f]8 / csf{ Ps
s/bftfsf] ?=!! ca{ *& s/f]8;d]t ?=&@ ca{ %* s/f]8 ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf d'2f k/]sf]];d]t ;dfj]z
cy{ dGqfno
ubf{ clkndf uPsf] /sd ?=! va{ !( ca{ (! s/f]8 -*@=)& k|ltzt_ k'Ug] b]lvG5 . lgwf{l/t s/
/sd /fh:jsf] ?kdf ;Íng x'g'kg]{df ;f] geO{ aSof}tfsf] 7"nf] lx:;f Goflos lgsfodf ljrf/fwLg
/x]sf] 5 .
pko'{Qm cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ubf{ /fHon] /fh:j aSof}tf b]vfPsf] /sddWo] ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfg
;~rfngdf g/x]sf], s/bftf knfog ePsf], sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug]{ s/bftf klg d'2f dfldnfdf uPsf]
sf/0f ;dodf aSof}tf p7\g ;Sg] cj:yf b]lvFb}g . /fHon] ;Íng ug'{kg]{ /fh:j g}+ aSof}tf /x]sf]
kl/k|]Iodf gLltut Pj+ sfg'gL Joj:yf ldnfO{ cleofgs} ?kdf c;'nL k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg' kb{5 .
10. ;+u7g ;+/rgf – dGqfno dftxtsf] sfo{;Dkfbgsf] nflu pko'Qm ;+u7g ;+/rgf / b/aGbL
Joj:yfkg ug'{kb{5 . eG;f/ ljefu dftxt #& sfof{nodf ! xhf/ @^( b/aGbL / cfGtl/s /fh:j
ljefu dftxt %! sfof{nosf (*( sd{rf/Laf6 sfo{;Dkfbg x'Fb} cfPsf]df ;+3Lo ;+/rgfcGtu{t
;+u7g tyf sd{rf/L ;dfof]hg x'Fbf eG;f/ ljefudf ! xhf/ !#) / cfGtl/s /fh:jtk{m ! xhf/
$@( ;d]t hDdf @ xhf/ %%( sd{rf/L Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . # 5f]6L eG;f/nfO{ d"n eG;f/ /
s/bftf ;]jf sfof{no !( nfO{ cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{nodf :t/f]Gglt ul/Psf], pkTosf aflx/ !$
;]jf sfof{no yk ePsf], pkTosfsf # cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no vf/]hL ul/Psf], dWod:t/Lo
s/bftf Ps;d]t ^( sfof{no :yfkgf eO{ ! xhf/ $@( hgzlQm Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] 5 . cfly{s
tyf Jofkfl/s lqmofsnfk lj:tf/ ePsf If]qdf s/bftf ;]jf k|jfx Pj+ yk /fh:j kl/rfngsf nflu
s/ k|zf;gsf] pkl:ylt x'g] ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf th'{df u/L ;]jf k|jfxdf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg'kb{5 .
11. s/fwf/ – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf ^&-^_ sf] -h_ cg';f/ /]l8of] clK6sN; kmfOa;{ jf e"–pku|x
h:tf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 ;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f ug]{ Joj;fo ;~rfng ug]{ JolQmn] g]kfndf :yflkt
;+oGqaf6 va/ jf ;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f u/L k|fKt u/]sf] e'QmfgL g]kfndf ;|f]t ePsf] dflgg] Joj:yf 5 .
;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf ^&-^_9 -@_ df g]kfndf ;~rflnt lqmofsnfksf] ;|f]t g]kfndf x'g] Joj:yf 5 .
OG6/g]6 ;]jfdfkm{t OG6/g]6 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ efOa/, k]m; a"s d];]Gh/, :sfOk, Xjf6;\ Pk,
jLRof6, Odf] h:tf PlKns];gx? g]kfndf lgaf{w ?kdf ;~rfng e}/x]sf 5g\ . tL PlKns];gx?
cfos/ P]gsf] bkmf ^& adf]lhd g]kfnsf] s/fwf/ If]qleq kg]{ ePsf]n] ;]jf k|bfg ug'{k"j{ btf{
x'g'kg]{df s'g} klg ;]jfk|bfos ;+:yf btf{ ePsf] kfOPg . tL PlKns];gn] cf]e/ lb 6k ckm ;le{;]hsf]
dfWodn] ;]jf lbPsf]n] 6]lnkmf]g ;]jfsf] dxTjk"0f{ lx:;f OG6/g]6sf] k|of]u u/L PlKns];gdfkm{t
;~rfng e}/x]sf] 5 . 6]lnkmf]]g ;]jf k|bfossf] 6]lnkmf]g ;]jfafkt k|fKt x'g] cfodf tL PlKns];g
k|of]usf] sf/0f x|f; cfPsf] t/ tL PlKns];gdfkm{t ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ lgsfo btf{ gePsf sf/0f ;DefJo
/fh:j u'd]sf] cj:yf 5 . t;y{ sfg'gL tyf gLltut ;'wf/ u/L oL ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ btf{ u/fO{ /fh:j
c;'n ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
12. u}/s/ /fh:jsf] b/ – OG6/g]6 ;]jf k|bfos / 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ a]Unfa]Un} k|s[ltsf] Joj;fosf]
?kdf nfO;]G; k|bfg, btf{, gjLs/0f / ;f]afktsf] z'Ns lgwf{/0f ug]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f]cg';f/
OG6/g]6 ;]jf k|bfos btf{ x'Fbf ?=# nfv / k|To]s jif{ gjLs/0fafkt ?=@ nfv &) xhf/ z'Ns
a'emfpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . o;} u/L 6]lnkmf]g / df]afOn ;]jf k|bfosn] btf{ x'Fbf ?=@! s/f]8 / PsLs[t
nfO;]G; lng]n] ?=#% s/f]8 &% nfv a'emfpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 eg] tL ;]jf k|bfosn] gjLs/0f ubf{ %
jif{sf] ?=@) ca{ clu|d a'emfpg'kg]{ k|fjwfg 5 .
ljutdf OG6/g]6 ;]jf k|bfosn] 8]6f ;Dk|]if0f ug]{ / 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf k|bfosn] EjfO; ;Dk|]if0f
ug]{ ePsfn] Jofj;flos k|s[lt a]Unfa]Un} /x]sf] lyof] . t/ k|ljlwdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g;Fu} 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf
k|bfosaf6 x'g] EjfO; ;Dk|]if0f OG6/g]6 ;]jf k|bfosn] k|bfg ug]{ OG6/g]6af6 ;d]t x'g yfn]sf] 5 .
OG6/g]6dfkm{t EjfO;sf] cltl/Qm lel8of];d]t 8f6fsf] ?kdf ;Dk|]if0f x'g] k|ljlw ljsf; ePsf] sf/0f
oL b'O{ k|s[ltsf Joj;fodf vf;} leGgtf /x]sf] b]lvPg . tyflk u}/s/ /fh:jafkt oL b'O{ ;]jf
k|bfossf] btf{ / gjLs/0fafkt ;/sf/n] ;Íng ug]{ /fh:jdf c:jfefljs cGt/ /x]sf] b]lvof] .
tTsfnLg cj:yfdf OG6/g]6 k|ljlwsf] EjfO; / lel8of] ;Dk|]if0f gx'g] cj:yfnfO{ dWogh/ /fvL
lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] btf{ cg'dlt / gjLs/0f z'Ns xfn 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf k|bfosn] k|bfg ug]{ k|s[ltsf

cy{ dGqfno
;]jf;d]t OG6/g]6 ;]jf k|bfosaf6 k|bfg ul//x]sf] kl/k|]Iodf OG6/g]6 ;]jf k|bfosn] ltg'{kg]{ nfO;]G;
b:t'/ / gjLs/0f b:t'/df k'g/fjnf]sg u/L o;k|sf/sf] cTolws cGt/ Go"g ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
 ah]6 th'{df tyf sfof{Gjog

13. ah]6 jQmJosf] sfof{Gjog – ah]6 jQmJo @)&$.&% df plNnlvt cy{ dGqfno;Fu ;DalGwt gLlt
tyf sfo{qmdx?dWo] ljleGg sfo{x? ;Dkfbg eP klg o'jf :j/f]huf/ sf]if, u|fdL0f :jfjnDag sf]if,
cfly{s k'g?4f/ sf]if h:tf ;dfg k|s[ltsf sf]ifx?nfO{ Psfk;df ufeL Pp6f ;zQm / k|efjsf/L
;+:yf :yfkgf, ;a} g]kfnLsf] a}Í vftf vf]Ng], ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] clwstd k|of]u u/L zfvf/lxt a}+lsË,
OG6/g]6 a}+lsË tyf df]afOn jfn]6 h:tf gjLgtd ljQLo ;]jf pknAw u/fpg a}Íx?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg
ug]{, k|To]s ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfdf sDtLdf Pp6f jfl0fHo a}Ísf] zfvf :yfkgf ug{]{, aLdf
sDkgLx?sf] ;]jf d'n'se/ lj:tf/, hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug{ pTk|]l/t ul/g], pTkfbgd"ns sDkgLx?nfO{
k'FhL ahf/df k|j]z ug{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g] pNn]v 5 .
cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/sf] e'QmfgL O–k]d]G6sf] dfWodaf6 ug]{, cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n]
;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] If]q / :yfgdf kf/bzL{ ?kdf sfd ug'{kg]{ Joj:yfdf s8fO ul/g], ;/sf/n] ;~rfng
ug'{ gkg]{ b]lvPsf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?nfO{ pko'Qm k|lqmofaf6 Joj:yfkg ul/g], To;}u/L On]S6«f]lgs
Jofkf/nfO{ lgodg tyf ;xhLs/0f ug{ cfjZos sfo{ljlw th{'df, /fh:j 5'6nfO{ /fh:j vr{
k|0ffnLaf6 Jojl:yt ub{} nlug], nufgL Pj+ k|ljlw lgof{t ug]{ ;Defjgf ePsf b]zx?;Fu bf]xf]/f] s/
d'lQm ;Demf}tf ug]{, Go"g aLhsLs/0f, rf]/L lgsf;L÷k}7f/L / cj}w Jofkf/ /f]syfdsf nflu ljz]if
/0fgLlt cjnDag ul/g] h:tf ljifox?sf] sfof{Gjog cj:yf k|efjsf/L ?kdf x'g g;s]sf] cj:yf
ljBdfg 5 .
dGqfnoaf6 g} 3f]if0ff eO{ ;/sf/sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd Pj+ ah]6df ;dfj]z ePsf
lqmofsnfkx?sf] sfof{Gjog x'g g;s]sf pko'{Qm lqmofsnfkx? cGo ;Da4 lgsfox?;Fu ;dGjo u/L
sfof{Gjogdf tbf?stf Nofpg'kb{5 .
14. :f|f]tsf] oyfy{tf – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !(-#_ cg';f/ cfjlws of]hgfsf]
nIo, gLlt / /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] dfu{bz{gnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL g]kfn ;/sf/n] ug'{kg]{ sfd / xfl;n
ug'{kg]{ nIo Pj+ cfly{s ;|f]t;d]tnfO{ b[li6ut u/L ah]6 agfpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . cy{dGqLn] ;+;bdf
k]; u/]sf] ah]6 jStJo @)&$.&% sf] cg';"rL ! df of] jif{sf] cg'dflgt vr{ ?=!! va{ #* ca{ &)
s/f]8 ePsf]df /fh:jnufot cGo ;|f]taf6 ?=!) va{ #% ca{ (& s/f]8 k|fKt u/L afFsL /sd ?=!
va{ @ ca{ &# s/f]8 Go"g x'g hfg] u/L k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . ;|f]t g} ;'lglzrt gu/L agfPsf]
ah]6nfO{ k'gM ;+zf]wg u/]/ vr{sf] cfsf/ ?=( va{ #* ca{ @$ s/f]8 sfod u/L ?=^@ ca{ & s/f]8
art x'g] egL @)&%.&^ sf] ah]6 df ;+zf]lwt cg'dfg k]; u/]sf] 5 . t/ dxfn]vf lgoGqs
sfof{non] k]; u/]sf] jiff{Gtsf] ;l~rtsf]ifsf] lx;fa ?=! va{ @# ca{ ^ s/f]8 C0ffTds /x]sf]
cj:yfdf art x'g] u/L agfPsf] ;+zf]lwt ah]6 klg oyfy{tfdf cfwfl/t b]lvPg .
15. ah]6eGbf a9L vr{ – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #%-@_ df vr{ ug]{ jf vr{sf]
lgsf;f lbg] clwsf/Ln] /sd :jLs[t ah]6leq k5{ / vr{ ug{ afFsL 5 eg] dfq vr{ ug{ / vr{ ug{
lgsf;f lbg'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . lgodfjnLsf] Joj:yf ljk/Lt rfn' vr{tk{m %%% pkzLif{sdf ?=!# ca{
#% s/f]8 ^( nfv / k'FhLut vr{tkm{ $ ah]6 pkzLif{sdf ?=! s/f]8 %) nfv :jLs[t ah]6eGbf
a9L vr{ x'g] u/L lgsf;f tyf vr{ n]v]sf] kfOof] .
;f]xL lgodfjnLsf] lgod #* df ah]6df /sd eP klg lgsf;f ePsf] /sd ckof{Kt ePdf
;DalGwt ;lrjsf] l;kmfl/;df cy{ dGqfnon] /sdfGt/ jf vr{ ;dy{gaf6 lgsf;f lbO{ To:tf] vr{
ePsf] /sd lgoldt ul/lbg ;Sg] pNn]v eP klg ;f] a9L vr{sf] lgoldt;d]t ePsf] 5}g . To:t}
Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL nfu"\ ePsf] cj:yfdf :jLs[t ah]6eGbf a9L lgsf;f lbg gldNg]df ah]6eGbf
a9L lgsf;f x'g uPsf] b]lvof] . o;af6 Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnLsf] ljZj;gLotfdf c;/ kg]{ b]lvof] .

cy{ dGqfno
ljlgof]hg ah]6eGbf a9L x'g] u/L lgsf;f lbg' / vr{ n]Vg' ljlgof]hg P]g ljk/Lt b]lvG5 . o:tf
sfo{af6 cfly{s cg'zf;g sfod gx'g] x'Fbf lgoGq0f x'g'kg]{ b]lvof] .
16. ax'jifL{o 7]Ssf – ax'jifL{o 7]Ssfsf] clen]v / ;f]sf] bfloTjsf] nflu ah]6sf] cj:yfaf/]
k|ltlglw;efsf] cy{ ;ldltaf6 ;f]wgL x'Fbf dGqfnosf] @)&%.&.#) sf] kqaf6 zx/L ljsf;
dGqfnodf ?=(# ca{ $# s/f]8, vfg]kfgL dGqfnodf ?=!% ca{ !^ s/f]8nufot ?=! va{ !% ca{ #%
s/f]8 cy{ dGqfnosf] ;xdlt a]u/ g} ax'jifL{o 7]Ssf nufPsf] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .
cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !( cg';f/ k|To]s sfof{non] /fli6«o of]hgf
cfof]usf] l;kmfl/;df ax'jifL{o cfof]hgf tf]sL ah]6 ljlgof]hg ubf{ ;DalGwt dGqfno / cy{
dGqfnonfO{ dfu{bz{g pknAw u/fO{ cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf] of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd ;DaGwdf k|fyldstf
tyf gLltut nIo lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{df ;f] ;d]t gu/L ax'jifL{o 7]Ssf nufPsf] b]lvof] . cfof]hgf
;~rfngsf] k"j{ tof/L gk'u]sf cfof]hgf ;~rfngdf u}/ah]6/L ef/ kg{] cj:yf b]lvPsf] 5 . t;y{
o:tf] k|lqmofaf6 x'g] vr{df dGqfnon] s8fOsf ;fy ks8 / lgoGq0f sfod ug'{kb{5 .
17. vr{ Joj:yfkg – ;fj{hlgs vr{ Joj:yfkgdf s'zntf clej[l4 u/L cfly{s cg'zf;g sfod ug]{,
rfn' vr{df lgoGq0f / k'FhLut vr{df j[l4 ug]{ gLlt ;/sf/n] lnPsf]df ljut # jif{sf] cj:yf
b]xfocg';f/ 5M
-?= nfvdf_
@)&@.&# @)&#.&$ @)&$.&%
ljj/0f
vr{ k|ltzt vr{ k|ltzt vr{ k|ltzt
rfn' vr{ #,&!,@(,$( ^!=&* %,!*,^!,^! ^!=($ ^,(^,(!,(^ ^$=@%
k'FhLut vr{ !,@#,@%,!$ @)=%! @,)*,&$,*# @$=(# @,&),&!,#& @$=(^
ljQLo Joj:yf !,)^,$^,&) !&=&! !,)(,**,## !#=!# !,!&,)$,** !)=&(
vr{ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf cWoog ubf{ @)&@.&# sf] t'ngfdf of] jif{ rfn' vr{ ** k|ltzt
k'FhLut vr{ !!(=^$ k|ltzt j[l4 ePsf] 5 eg] ljQLo vr{df !) k|ltztdfq j[l4 ePsf] b]lvG5 . of]
jif{ ?=@ va{ &) ca{ &! s/f]8 #& nfv cyf{t\ *! k|ltztdfq k'FhLut vr{ ePsf]n] ck]lIft ?kdf
ah]6 kl/rfng x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . k'FhLut k|s[ltsf] sfo{sf nflu ;d]t rfn'tk{maf6 cg'bfg lbg]
cj:yfn] cGt/f{li6«o d'b|f sf]ifn] hf/L u/]sf] ;/sf/L ljQLo tYofÍsf] Joj:yfdf /fli6«o
cfjZostfg';f/ juL{s/0f x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . t;y{ oyfy{ k|ltj]bgsf] cltl/Qm ljsf; lgdf{0f Pj+
;]jfk|jfxdf Wofg lbO{ k'FhLut vr{sf] kl/rfngdf j[l4 ug'{kb{5 .
18. cy{ ah]6af6 lgsf;f – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #%-@_ df vr{ ug]{ jf vr{sf]
lgsf;f lbg] clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] /sd :jLs[t ah]6leq / ;DalGwt vr{ zLif{sdf kb{5 eg] dfq
lgsf;f lbg'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . ljlgof]hg P]gn] 5'6\ofPsf] /sd ;f]xL k|of]hgdf vr{ ug'{kg]{df ah]6
pkzLif{s ^)@ -cy{dGqfno ljljw_ df Psd'i6 ?=^( ca{ #) s/f]8 *$ nfv ljlgof]hg u/]sf]df
pQm zLif{sdf ?=% ca{ %# s/f]8 @% nfv yk u/]sf] b]lvG5 . cy{ dGqfnoaf6 k6s] lg0f{osf
cfwf/df ?=^% ca{ (& s/f]8 !% nfv ljleGg ;+j}wflgs lgsfo, cfof]u jf dGqfno dftxtsf
sfof{nosf] nflu /sd yk u/]sf] 5 . pQm /sd o; jif{ s'n ljlgof]lht ah]6 ?=!@ va{ &* ca{ ((
s/f]8 $( nfvsf] %=!% k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
pQm /sdfGt/ / lgsf;fdWo] g]kfnL ;]gfsf] x]lnsf]K6/ tyf xjfOhxfh vl/b, lgjf{rgdf
vl6PsfnfO{ eQf ljt/0f;d]tdf ?=$ ca{ ^% s/f]8, u[x dGqfnodfkm{t lgjf{rg eQf;d]tsf] nflu
?=!) ca{ #@ s/f]8, ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfnonfO{ d'cfjhf ljt/0f tyf ;8s lgdf{0f
ug{sf] nflu ?=# ca{ !@ s/f]8, lgjf{rg cfof]usf nflu lgjf{rg sfo{df yk ?=!! ca{ %) s/f]8,
/fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f lghL cfjf; cg'bfg tyf af9LkLl8t /fxt ljt/0fsf] nflu ?=!* ca{ *(
s/f]8, åGbkLl8t kl/jf/ /fxtsf] nflu ?=! ca{ &@ s/f]8, pmhf{, l;FrfO dGqfnonfO{ af9L u|:t
;+/rgf k'gM lgdf{0f, e]/L–aaO{ cfof]hgf;d]tnfO{ ?=$ ca{ ^( s/f]8, k|b]z ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] nflu
zx/L ljsf; dGqfnonfO{ ?=@ ca{ $ s/f]8 / ;fdflhs ;'/Iff yk cg'bfg afkt ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf
;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnonfO{ ?=$ ca{ pNn]vgLo /x]sf 5g\ .

cy{ dGqfno
pko'{Qmadf]lhdsf sfo{x? ckem{6 l;h{gf ePsf] geO{ ljutb]lv g} ;~rfngdf cfPsf /
cg'dfg ug{ ;lsg] sfo{qmd /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;/L cg'dfg ug{ ;lsg] ljutb]lv g}+ ;~rfngdf /x]sf
sfo{qmd Pj+ lgjf{rg x'g] lglZrttf /x]sf] cj:yfdf kof{Kt ah]6 Joj:yf ug'{kg]{df cy{dGqfno
ljljw zLif{sdf ?=^( ca{ #) s/f]8 *$ nfv ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/L k6s] lg0f{osf] cfwf/df lgsf;f
lbg] tyf ;DalGwt sfo{qmd / zLif{sdf ljlgof]hg g} gug]{ jf sd ljlgof]hg u/L cy{ ah]6af6
jiff{Gtdf lgsf;f tyf /sdfGt/ u/L /sd yk ug]{ kl/kf6L ah]6 l;4fGt ljk/Lt 5 . o:tf] l:yltdf
ah]6 pk/ Joj:yflksfnfO{ hfgsf/L gx'g] tyf lgoGq0f sdhf]/ x'g], cg'udgdf sl7gfO x'g],
kf/blz{tf gx'g], clen]vgdf ;d:of kg]{ b]lvPsfn] o;k|sf/sf] k|rngdf ;'wf/ ul/g'kb{5 .
19. jiff{Gtsf] vr{÷e'QmfgL – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod ## df cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt x'g'
cufj} cfiff9 @% ut] vftf aGbL ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ ?=!@ va{ &* ca{ (( s/f]8 ljlgof]hg
eO{ ?=!) va{ *$ ca{ #! s/f]8 vr{ ePsf]df cfiff9 dlxgfdf ?=@ va{ @@ ca{ *# s/f]8 -@)=%%
k|ltzt_ vr{ ePsf] 5 . vr{dWo] cfiff9 @% b]lv #! ut];Dd ?=! va{ !& ca{ (@ s/f]8 -s'n vr{sf]
!)=*& k|ltzt_ vr{ ePsf] 5 . lgodfjnLsf] Joj:yf kfngf u/L cfiff9 @% k5fl8 vr{÷e'QmfgL ug]{
sfo{df lgoGq0f x'g'kb{5 .
20. /sdfGt/ – cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf * df tf]lsPsf] s'g} Ps jf PseGbf a9L zLif{sdf
ljlgof]lht /sd art x'g] ePdf ljlgof]hg P]gdf tf]lsPsf] ;Ldfleq /xL s'g} Ps zLif{saf6 csf]{
zLif{sdf cy{ dGqfnon] /sdfGt/ ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
20.1 s'n ah]6 ?=!@ va{ &* ca{ (( s/f]8dWo] cfiff9 dlxgfdf ?=&% ca{ %% s/f]8 !% nfv / cfiff9
@% kl5 ?=!* ca{ $@ s/f]8 #& nfv /sdfGt/ u/L ljleGg zLif{s pkzLif{sdf /sd yk u/]sf] 5 .
o;/L s'n ah]6sf] !=$$ k|ltzt cfiff9sf] clGtd xKtfdf /sdfGt/ u/]sf] 5 . jiff{Gtdf /sdfGt/
ug]{ sfo{df lgoGq0f x'g'kb{5
20.2 ljlgof]hg P]g, @)&$ cg';f/ s'g} klg zLif{sdf ljlgof]hg ePsf] /sdsf] !) k|ltzteGbf a9L
/sdfGt/ ug{ gkfOg] pNn]v 5 . t/ dGqfnon] ;f] Joj:yf ljk/Lt lgDgfg';f/ !( u'0ff;Dd /sdfGt/
u/L ljlgof]hg P]gsf] k|fjwfgsf] kfngf u/]sf] b]lvPg .
-?= xhf/df_
l;=g+ dGqfno÷ljefusf] gfd rfn'÷k'FhL z'? ah]6 /sdfGt/af6 yk yk k|ltzt
1 lgjf{rg cfof]u rfn' vr{tkm{ 59,46,55 11,52,10,43 1937
2 k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfof{no, k|b]z g+=! rfn' vr{tkm{ 4,54,16 9,76,60 215
3 /flK6«o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfof]u rfn' vr{tkm{ 2,55,16 2,29,50 90
4 dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no rfn' vr{tkm{ 77,27,93,19 61,51,40,44 80
5 /fli6«o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfof]u k'FhLut vr{tkm{ 1,00,00 7,39,00 739
6 o'jf tyf v]ns'b dGqfno k'FhLut vr{tkm{ 28,26 1,23,39 437
7 lgjf{rg cfof]u k'FhLut vr{tkm{ 11,44,58 41,60,00 363
8 /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u k'FhLut vr{tkm{ 38,25 1,34,20 351
9 k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfof{no, k|b]z g+ ! k'FhLut vr{tkm{ 3,50,00 8,18,50 234
10 Joj:yflksf–;+;b k'FhLut vr{tkm{ 5,00,80 9,27,71 185
11 dxfGoflwjtmfsf] sfof{no k'FhLut vr{tkm{ 25,02,47 40,00,02 160
12 /Iff dGqfno k'FhLut vr{tkm{ 5,16,43,66 4,63,54,13 90
13 pmhf{ dGqfno k'FhLut vr{tkm{ 12,85,39,39 10,05,07,60 78
14 ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfno k'FhLut vr{tkm{ 89,50,66,87 59,29,32,86 66
20.3 sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ k'FhLuttkm{ gnl;+xuf8 hnljB't ljsf; ;ldlt, sf7df8f}+ aflx/L rqmky,
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sfof{no, PsLs[t :jf:Yo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; kl/of]hgf / ejg vl/b lgdf{0f
;'wf/ sfo{qmddf ?=! ca{ *! s/f]8 @! nfv / rfn' vr{tkm{ gnl;+xuf8 hnljB't ljsf; ;ldlt /
e}k/L cfpg] ljsf; sfo{qmddf ?=! ca{ @ s/f]8 %% nfv ah]6 Joj:yf ePsf]df ;Dk"0f{ /sd
/sdfGt/ u/L z"Go ah]6 sfod u/]sf] b]lvof] . pQm sfo{qmd ;~rfng x'g g;Sgfsf] sf/0f :ki6 5}g .
cy{ dGqfno
21. ah]6 a]u/ vr{ – jflif{s sfo{qmd :jLs[t u/L ah]6 Joj:yf ePsf]df lgsf;f lnO{ vr{ ug'{kb{5 .
ljleGg c:ktfnx?, Ps gu/kflnsf / ljleGg ( ufFpkflnsfsf] nflu ah]6 Joj:yfg} gePsf]
cj:yfdf klg rfn' vr{tkm{ sfo{qmddf ah]6a]u/ ?=! ca{ ** s/f]8 #( nfv lgsf;f lbO{ vr{ u/]sf]
b]lvG5 . o;/L ah]6a]u/ lgsf;f lbg] tyf vr{ ug]{ k|j[lQn] cfly{s cg'zf;g sfod gx'g] tyf ah]6
l;4fGt ljk/Lt x'g] x'Fbf o:tf] lgsf;f lbg] sfo{df lgoGq0f x'g'kb{5 .
22. ;|f]t ljk/Lt lgsf;f – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #%-@_ df :jLs[t ah]6 leq /
;DalGwt zLif{sdf k5{ eg] dfq lgsf;f lbg'kb{5 . of] jif{ &%# :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ cg'bfgtkm{ /sd
pknAw u/fpFbf ?=$ va{ #& ca{ #$ s/f]8 $% nfv g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;|f]tdf ljlgof]hg ePsf]df
/sdfGt/;d]t gu/L ?=$ va{ %) ca{ (! s/f]8 &) nfv lgsf;f u/L ?=!# ca{ %& s/f]8 @% nfv
ah]6eGbf a9L lgsf;f u/]/ ah]6 pkzLif{snfO{ C0ffTds b]vfPsf] 5 . o;k|sf/ ljlgof]hg ah]6eGbf
a9L lgsf;f Pj+ vr{ ug{ lbPsfn] cfly{s cg'zf;g kfngf ePsf] 5}g . o;;DaGwL yk Joxf]/f
lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
22.1 :yfgLo lgsfosf] nflu j}b]lzs ;|f]ttkm{ zf]wegf{ x'g] C0f ?=@ ca{ ## s/f]8 (( nfv zf]wegf{ x'g]
cg'bfg ?=! ca{ &# s/f]8 @) nfv / gub cg'bfg ?=#$ s/f]8 (# nfv;d]t ?=$ ca{ $@ s/f]8
!@ nfv ljlgof]hg ePsf] /sd j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf] /sd pknAw u/fpFbf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;|f]t
pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;|f]ttkm{ pQm /sdsf] ;|f]t kl/jt{g u/]sf] ;d]t b]lvPg . o;/L
j}b]lzs ;|f]tdf ljlgof]lht /sd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;|f]taf6 vr{ x'g' ah]6 l;4fGt ljk/Lt 5 .
22.2 ljsf; ;fe]mbf/;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tfcg';f/ ;fe]mbf/n] cg'bfg Pj+ C0f /sd zf]wegf{ lbFbf g]kfn
;/sf/sf] ;|f]taf6 vr{ u/]/ zf]wegf{ dfu u/L ;/sf/L sf]if Joj:yfkg ug'{kg]{df lgsf;f lbFbf
j}b]lzs ;|f]taf6 lgsf;f lbPsf] cj:yfdf ;fe]mbf/sf] sf]ifaf6 k|fKt x'g'kg]{ /sd g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|fKt
ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g . ;fe]mbf/sf] sf]if pNn]v gu/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;|f]t pNn]v u/]/ lgsf;f lbFbf
Psftk{m ;fe]mbf/sf] sf]ifaf6 vr{ x'g] /sd vr{ ePsf] 5}g eg] g]kfn ;/sf/n] u/]sf] vr{ zf]wegf{
dfu ug]{ Joj:yf gul/Fbf ;/sf/sf] ;|f]tsf] ?=$ ca{ $@ s/f]8 !@ nfv cltl/Qm Jooef/ k/]sf] 5 .
o:tf] ah]6/L Joj:yfkgsf] q'l6 ;RofO{ ;|f]t olsg u/]/ lgsf;f lbg] Pj+ vr{sf] ljj/0f lnP/ bftf;Fu
zf]wegf{ dfu ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
23. vr{sf] cfsf/ j[l4 – dGqfnoaf6 hf/L sfo{ ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&# sf] %=#=! df /sdfGt/;DaGwL
sfo{ ;fwf/0ftof h]7 dlxgfkl5 ug{ gx'g] pNn]v 5 . /sdfGt/ ubf{ vr{ x'g ;Sg] zLif{sdf ug'{kg]{df
vr{ x'g g;Sg] u/L ;d]t /sdfGt/ u/]sf] b]lvof] . d'cfjhf ljt/0f ug{ @)&%.#.@@ df a"9Lu08sL
hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] nflu ?=!) ca{ /sdfGt/ u/L yk u/]sf]df pQm /sd vr{ x'g g;sL ?=( ca{
(! s/f]8 !^ nfv ljljw vftfdf bflvnf u/L vr{ b]vfPsf] kfOof] . vr{ x'g g;Sg] l:yltdf ;d]t
/sdfGt/ u/L sf]ifdf 6«fG;km/ u/L k'FhLut vr{sf] cfsf/ j[l4 u/]sf]n] ;+3Lo ;l~rtsf]ifsf] vr{
lx;fa oyfy{k/s b]lvPg .
To;}u/L ah]6 tyf sfo{qmddf g/fvL hnljB't nufgL sDkgLnfO{ @)&%.#.@( df ?=% ca{ /
/fli6«o lu|8 k|0ffnL lnld6]8nfO{ ?=! ca{ ;]o/ nufgLafkt vr{ hgfPsf] 5 . tL sDkgLx?n] ;f] /sd
pkof]u gu/L a}Ídf lgliqmo /fv]sf 5g\ .
o;af6 cfly{s jif{sf] cGtdf cgfjZos tj/n] ah]6 vr{ n]vL cGo vftfdf 6«fG;km/ u/]/
df}Hbft /fv]af6 vr{sf] cfsf/ ?=!^ ca{n] j[l4 ePsf] 5 . o;k|sf/ vr{sf] cfsf/ j[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon]
jiff{Gtdf /sd 6«fG;km/ ug]{ sfo{df lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
24. ah]6 sfo{qmd a]u/ vr{ – ljlgof]lht ah]6 tyf :jLs[t sfo{qmdcg';f/ lgsf;f lbPsf] /sd ;dodf
vr{ u/L ck]lIft k|ltkmn k|fKt ePsf] ;'lglZrt ul/g'kb{5 . ah]6 tyf sfo{qmda]u/ vr{ ePsf]
Joxf]/fx? lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M

cy{ dGqfno
24.1 g]kfn 6]lnlehgnfO{ aSof}tf k|;f/0f z'Ns a'emfpg] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;]o/ nufgLdf @)&%.#.$ df ?=#
s/f]8 @^ nfv ^) xhf/ vr{ n]v]sf] 5 . k|zf/0f z'Ns 6]lnlehgsf] lgoldt cfDbfgLaf6 e'QmfgL
ul/g'kb{5 .
24.2 sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf 9n Joj:yfkgsf] nflu Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}Ísf] C0f ;f]em} e'QmfgLtkm{ ?=% ca{
ah]6 Joj:yf u/]sf]df ;dodf sfo{;~rfng u/L bftf;Fu zf]wegf{ lng'kg]{df 9n Joj:yfkgsf] sfo{
z'?jft g} ePsf] b]lvPg . pQm ;f]em} e'QmfgLsf] /sdnfO{ P8LaL C0faf6 cfO{kmf8 C0fdf ;|f]t
kl/jt{g u/L sf7df8f}F pkTosf 9n Joj:yfkgdf vr{ x'g g;s]sf] /sd sfo{qmd gePsf] ;fgf
ls;fg ljsf; a}ÍnfO{ pGgt aLp lahg k|of]hg pNn]v u/L ?=% ca{ C0f k|jfx u/]sf] b]lvof] . ;fgf
ls;fg ljsf; a}Ín] pQm /sd of] jif{ kl/rfng u/]sf] ;d]t b]lvPg . o;af6 ;d]t vr{sf] cfsf/
a9]sf] kfOof] .
24.3 ljB't k|;f/0f nfOg lj:tf/sf] nflu :jLs[t ah]6 sfo{qmdeGbf aflx/ uO{ cfly{s jif{sf] cGtdf
cyf{t\ @)&%.#.! / @)&%.#.@% df g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fnfO{ ;]o/ nufgL b]vfO{ qmdzM ?=!$ s/f]8
@ nfv / ?=@^ s/f]8 (* nfv vr{ n]v]sf] 5 . pQm /sd g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fn] vr{ gu/L
df}Hbft /fv]sf] b]lvof] .
24.4 ef/tLo cfoft lgof{t a}Ísf] ;f]em} e'QmfgLtkm{sf] C0faf6 /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fnfO{ ljlgof]hg
ePsf] ah]6 ;DalGwt sfo{df vr{ gu/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;|f]ttkm{ /sdfGt/ u/]/ ah]6 Joj:yf tyf
sfo{qmd g} gePsf] cj:yfdf shf{ ;'/If0f sf]ifdf @)&%.@.@( df ?=! ca{ ^( s/f]8 (( nfv ;]o/
nufgL b]vfO{ vr{ u/]sf] 5 .
o;k|sf/ ljlgof]lht ah]6 tyf :jLs[t sfo{qmd g} gePsf] cj:yfdf k6s] lg0f{o u/L
c:jfefljs ?kdf vr{ ug]{ k|j[lQdf of] jif{ klg lgoGq0f ePsf] 5}g .
 ljsf; ;xfotf kl/rfng

25. j}b]lzs ;xfotf – g]kfnsf] ljsf;nfO{ 6]jf k'¥ofpg] ljsf; ;xfotfsf] tYofÍ k/LIf0f ubf{ @)&$.&%
df ;/sf/L ah]6sf] @@ k|ltzt lx:;f j}b]lzs ;xfotfn] cf]u6]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf s]xL
Joxf]/fx? lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
25.1 dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt tYofÍcg';f/ ljsf; ;xfotfsf] cj:yf ljZn]if0f ubf{ @)&#.&$ df cd]l/sL 8n/
! xhf/ #($ ldlnog k|fKt ePsf]df @)&$.&% df cd]l/sL 8n/ ! xhf/ ^@# ldlnog cyf{t\ !^
k|ltzt j[l4 ePsf] 5 . k|fKt /sddWo] cd]l/sL 8n/ *!( ldlnog C0f, %&) ldlnog cg'bfg /
@#$ ldlnog k|fljlws ;xfotf /x]sf] 5 . k|fKt ePsf] j}b]lzs ;xfotfdWo] #%( ldlnog cd]l/sL
8n/ cem} ah]6/L k|0ffnLeGbf aflx/ /x]sf] 5 . ;f]sf] cltl/Qm cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfaf6 vr{
ePsf] cd]l/sL 8n/ !!) ldlnog;d]t ah]6/L k|0ffnLeGbf aflx/ /x]sf] cj:yf 5 .
25.2 cfly{s sfo{lalw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @&=@ cg';f/ j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf] /sdnfO{ sfo{qmd
tyf ah]6df ;dfj]z u/L vr{ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf] /sdnfO{ /fli6«o d"n wf/df
NofO{ kf/blz{tf / hjfkmb]lxtf k|jw{g u/fpg bftf ;d"xsf] k]l/; a}7saf6 ;d]t ;xdlt hgfPsf]
cj:yfdf ah]6/L k|0ffnLdf Nofpg] k|lqmofdf ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf ;'wf/ eO{ &* k|ltztdf k'u]sf] 5 .
tyflk @@ k|ltzt ljsf; ;xfotf -cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] sf/f]af/ afx]s_ ah]6 aflx/ /x]sf]
dGqfnoaf6 k|sflzt k|ltj]bgdf /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL s]xL pbfx/0f b]xfodf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5M

cy{ dGqfno
-cd]l/sL 8n/ xhf/df_
bftf ah]6df ;dfj]z ah]6 aflx/ hDdf
ci6«]lnof - 2,08,84 2,08,84
lhkmfd - 1,11,67 1,11,67
sf]l/of - 68,74 68,74
a]nfot 7,43,42 4,95,27 12,38,70
o'=o;=P=cfO{=8L= 87,96 10,90,34 11,78,31
Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}Í 27,72,12 1,44,81 29,16,93
jN8{ a}Í 52,18,19 1,16,95 53,35,14
hd{gL 97,00 1,92,02 2,89,02
hfkfg 9,63,83 98,23 10,62,06
gj{] 1,60,12 79,71 2,39,83
o"=Pg=sG6«L l6d 2,69,45 3,86,77 6,56,52
cGo 23,23,16 5,99,20 29,22,04
hDdf 1,26,35,25 35,92,55 1,62,27,80
o;/L ckm ah]6 / ckm 6«]h/L vr{ ug{] sfo{df ;'wf/ x'g'kg{] egL lbOPsf] ;'emfjsf] k|efjsf/L
sfof{Gjog ePsf] 5}g . sfg'gL Joj:yf, j}b]lzs ;xfotf gLlt / cGt/f{li6«o k|lta4tfcg'?k j}b]lzs
;xfotfnfO{ /fli6«o ah]6 tyf n]vf k|0ffnLdf Nofpg] k|of; ul/g'kb{5 .
26. cg'bfg kl/rfng – ljsf; ;xfotf gLlt, @)&! sf] j'Fbf @=(=!) df bft[ lgsfo -ljsf; ;fe]mbf/_
af6 g]kfnnfO{ pknAw u/fpg] j}b]lzs ;xfotf /sddWo]af6 cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] vr{ ug]{
u/L kl/of]hgf k|:tfj k]; ug{ g;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . dGqfnosf] P8 d]g]hd]G6 Kn]6 kmd{sf] tYofÍ
ljZn]if0f ubf{ o;k|sf/ gLlteGbf aflx/ uO{ g]kfnnfO{ ljsf; ;fe]mbf/af6 k|fKt x'g] cg'bfgdWo]af6
cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] kl/of]hgf k|:tfj k]; u/]/ cd]l/sL 8n/ !# s/f]8 $# nfv #@
xhf/ lgsf;f u/L vr{ u/]sf] s]xL pbfx/0f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
bftf vr{ ug{] If]q /sd 8n/
ci6«]lnof lb Pl;of kmfpG8];g slGˆn6 d]g]hd]G6 27,55,205
ci6«]lnof cfO{ PghLcf] sf]–ck/];g gv'n]sf] 52,64,677
ci6«lnof PghLcf] ;kf]6{ lbuf] ljsf; 10,24,630
gj{] O;Ldf]8 O;Ldf]8 ;kf{]6 20,78,736
o"=P;=P=cfO{=8L= s]o/ g]kfn ;'xf/f gfds ;+:yfaf6 vr{ 10,65,130
o"=P;=P=cfO{=8L= r]df]/ lgS; OG6/g];gn x]Ny ;KnfO r]g 55,18,280
o"=P;=P=cfO{=8L= l;ld6 l;8 kml6{nfOh/ 42,00,000
o"=P;=P=cfO{=8L= 8]6«f]P6 sG;N6]G;L xfO8«f]kfj/ 8]enkd]G6 25,75,000
o"=P;=P=cfO{=8L= 8]6«fP6 sG;N6]G;L :jf:Yo 10,65,130
o"=P;=P=cfO{=8L= km]ldnL x]Ny OG6/g];gn l;len ;f];fO6L 40,97,695
o"=P;=P=cfO{=8L= x]n]g lsn/ OG6/g];gn ;'xf/f gfds ;+:yfaf6 vr{ 58,58,215
o"=P;=P=cfO{=8L= d]l/:6f]d; k|f]df]l6ª Plu|sNr/ x]Ny 84,76,457
o"=P;=P=cfO{=8L= g];gn 8] OG6/g];gn kmfpG8];g 3/–3/df :jf:Yo 22,33,774
o"=P;=P=cfO{=8L= ;]e b lrN8«]g k'm8 P08 Go'l6«;g 40,00,000
o"=P;=P=cfO{=8L= P=aL=P;=;L= ;kmf kfgL 11,32,188
o"=P;=P=cfO{=8L= ;:6]gjn g]6j{s gv'n]sf] 16,77,384
o"=P;=P=cfO{=8L= cfO{ PghLcf] sf]–ck/];g dlg6l/ª P08 OEofn'P;g 35,62,767
o"=P;=P=cfO{=8L= jN8 jf6/ kmfpG8];g xl/of] jg 85,87,346
l8lkm8 PS;g sG6fo/n] kmd{ e"sDkkLl8tnfO{ ;xof]u 13,61,335
l8lkm8 cS:kmfd e"sDk k'glg{df{0f 60,28,859
l8lkm8 lkk'n Og lg8 e"sDk k'glg{df{0f 31,11,669
cy{ dGqfno
bftf vr{ ug{] If]q /sd 8n/
l8lkm8 s]o/ g]kfn e"sDk k'glg{df{0f 36,95,107
o'/f]lkog o'lgog j]e jf6/ OghL{ 70,76,241
o'/f]lkog o'lgog PghLcf] sf]–ck/];g Eofn' r]g 11,08,163
o'/f]lkog o'lgog ;]e b lrN8«]g l8hf:6/ l/sf]e/L 75,48,800
P;=8L=;L= x]Nj]6f; ODkf]Od]G6 km08 12,85,718
P;=8L=;L= OG6/g];gn sld;g km/ h'l/d ue/g]G; 15,73,175
o'lg;]km ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o u};; :s"n ;]S6/ Knfg 22,92,540
ljZj vfB sfo{qmd u'8 g]e/x'8 /]l;n]G; ljlN8Ë 69,41,203
ljZj vfB ;+u7g ;]e b lrN8«]g k'm8 P08 Go'6];g 52,29,832
hL=cfO{=h]8= O;Ldf]8 l/8 ;kf]6{ 11,50,489
lhkmfd ;]e b lrN8«]g Pd=8L=hL= pknlAw 63,09,616
ljsf; ;fe]mbf/x?n] u}/ah]6 / u}/lgsf;f k|0ffnLaf6 cg'bfg lbPsf] /sd cGt/f{li6«o
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{ pknAw u/fpFbf ;a} /sd kl/of]hgfsf] sfddf dfq vr{ geO{ tL ;+:yfsf]
:jb]zL÷ljb]zL sd{rf/L, k/fdz{ ljsf; ;fe]mbf/x?sf] tna, eQf, ;'ljwf / To:tf ;+:yfsf] k|zf;lgs
tyf cGo lz/f]ef/df vr{ ePsf] 5 .
o;k|sf/ j}b]lzs ;xfotfnfO{ /fli6«o ah]6 k|0ffnLdf NofO{ kl/rfng ug{] ljifonfO{ k]l/;
3f]if0ffkqaf6 bftfn] klg :jLsf/ u/]sf] cj:yfdf ljsf; ;xfotf gLlteGbf aflx/ uO{ cGt/f{li6«o
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] ljsf; ;fe]mbf/;Fu k|:tfj dfu ug{], o:tf k|:tfj 5gf}6 u/L bftfn] /sd
pknAw u/fpg], g]kfnsf] gfddf ljsf; ;fe]mbf/af6 k|fKt ;xof]usf] kl/rfngsf] cj:yfaf/]
kf/blz{tfsf] ljifodf dGqfnosf] Wofg hfg' h?/L 5 . t;y{ ljsf; ;xfotf gLlteGbf aflx/ uO{
;xfotf kl/rfng ug{] k4ltdf lgoGq0f x'g'kg{] b]lvG5 .
27. cg'bfg ;Demf}tf – g]kfn ;/sf/ / /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] ;+o'Qm nufgLdf ;~rflnt
cfof]hgfx?df ;/sf/sf] of]ubfg / /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmdn] Joxf]g]{ /sd 8n/ vftfdf Psd'i6
hDdf x'g] / ;f] /sdaf6 pQm ;+:yfn] sld;g / Joj:yfkg vr{afkt * b]lv !@ k|ltzt s§f ug]{
tyf pQm sfo{qmdn] g} k/fdz{bftf lgo'Qm u/]sf] v08df ;f] k/fdz{bftfsf] kfl/>lds ;d]t s§f u/]/
afFsL /sd dfq pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf /x]sf] kfOof] . g]kfn ;/sf/n] @)!& df /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf;
sfo{qmaf6 ;~rflnt @$ cfof]hgfsf] nflu cd]l/sL 8n/ @ s/f]8 !& nfv #! xhf/ vr{ ePsf] 5 .
bftfn] k|lta4tf hgfPsf] cg'bfg g} s6f}tL x'g] u/L ;Demf}tf ug'{eGbf klxnf kof{Kt n]vfhf]vf u/]/
k|fKt cg'bfg s6f}tL gx'g] u/L ;Demf}tf ug]{ ljifodf k'g/fjnf]sg x'g' h?/L b]lvG5 .
28. j}b]lzs ;xfotf pkof]u – of] jif{ j}b]lzs cg'bfg ?=&@ ca{ !& s/f]8 / j}b]lzs C0f ?=@ va{ !$
ca{ # s/f]8;d]t ?=@ va{ *^ ca{ @) s/f]8 k|fKt ul/g] cg'dfg /x]sf]df j}b]lzs cg'bfgtkm{ ?=#(
ca{ #@s/f]8 / j}b]lzs C0ftkm{ ?=*( ca{ ^)s/f]8;d]t ?=! vj{ @* ca{ (@ s/f]8 vr{ ePsf]
b]lvof] . ah]6 jQmJodf cg'dfg ul/Psf] /sdsf] t'ngfdf of] jif{ j}b]lzs cg'bfgtkm{ %$=$* k|ltzt
/ j}b]lzs C0ftkm{ $!=*^ k|ltzt 36L vr{ eO{ ;du|df $%=)$ k|ltzt j}b]lzs ;xfotf pkof]u
ePsf] b]lvG5 . o;;DaGwL cGo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M +
28.1 ljsf; ;fe]mbf/ut ?kdf ljZn]if0f ubf{ #& ljsf; ;fe]mbf/af6 cg'bfgtkm{ ?=&@ ca{ !& s/f]8 /
C0ftkm{ !^ bftfjf6 ?=@ vj{ !$ ca{ # s/f]8 ;xfotf k|fKt x'g] cg'dfg u/]sf]df ## bftfjf6
cg'bfg / !$ bftfjf6 C0f k|fKt ePsf] b]lvG5 . C0f tyf cg'bfgsf] ljsf; ;fe]mbf/ut k|flKt
l:yltsf s]xL pbfx/0f b]xfoadf]lhd 5g\M

cy{ dGqfno
-?= nfvdf_
cg'bfgtk{m C0ftk{m
k|flKt k|flKt
bftf z'? ah]6 lgsf;f bftf z'? ah]6 lgsf;f
k|ltzt k|ltzt
rLg 1,13,00 1,84 1.63 o'/f]lkog OGe]i6d]G6 1,45,55 - -
8]gdfs{ 1,93,77 2,76 1.42 ef/t 44,01,36 2,18,13 4.96
P8LaL 10,71,93 5,51,79 51.47 hfkfg 4,41,95 18,04 4.08
o'lg;]km 1,33,00 36,97 27.80 rLg 5,13,35 11,05 2.15
8An'Prcf] 17,00 2,86 16.82 ;fpbL sf]if 46,64 3,65 7.83
a]nfot 1,99,54 30,98 15.53 jN8{ a}Í 6,45,10 5,39 0.84
ufeL 1,69,33 40,60 23.98
bftf;Fu ;dGjo u/L ;Demf}tf ePsf] cg'bfg k|flKtdf Wofg lbg' h?/L 5 .
28.2 dGqfno Pj+ lgsfout ljZn]if0f ubf{ dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 k|fKt ljj/0faf6 @)&$.&% df
%) k|ltzteGbf Go"g cg'bfg tyf C0f pkof]u ug]{ s]xL lgsfosf] cj:yf lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5g\M
-?=nfvdf_
cg'bfg C0f hDdf
;fljsdGqfno÷lgsfo k|ltZft
z'? ah]6 k|flKt k|ltZft z'?ah]6 k|flKt k|ltZft z'? ah]6 k|flKt
:yfgLotx @,)*,!@ ) ) @,##,(* ) ) $,$@,!) ) )
u[x dGqfno #,@$,#^ !!,$$ #=%# ) ) ) #,@$,#^ !!,$$ #=%#
pBf]udGqfno ^*,^$ %,^! *=!& #^,$# #,*) !)=$# !,)%,)& (,$! *=(%
hg;+Vof tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno @,$$,)@ $),$* !^=%( !,)#,!% $#,)@ $!=&) #,$&,!& *#,%) @$=)%
phf{ dGqfno @%,!# %,!@ @)=#& @,##,#^ @,)%,($ **=@% @,%*,$( @,!!,)^ *!=^%
jfl0fHo dGqfno ^(,#* !$,(! @!=$( $&,&% @),)( $@=)& !,!&,!# #%,)) @(=**
cy{ dGqfno !,(!,$^ ^*,(* #^=)# !,)),)) !),)! !)=)! @,(!,$^ &*,(( @&=!)
cy{ dGqfno -ljQLo Joj:yf_ $,&^,#! !,&*,#$ #&=$$ $*,#$,%( (,(#,() @)=%% %#,!),() !!,&@,@$ @@=)&
plNnlvt tYofÍsf] cltl/tm C0ftkm{ %) k|ltzteGbf 36L pkof]u ug]{df k|wfgdGqL tyf
dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no $)=() k|ltzt, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ dGqfno #%=^^ k|ltzt, ef}lts
k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfno $$=^( k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . j}b]lzs ;xof]usf] pkof]u Ifdtfdf cfPsf]]
x|f;sf] k|ToIf c;/ ljsf; lgdf{0f / ;]jfk|jfxdf k/]sf] 5 . ctM ;dodf ljsf; ;fe]mbf/;Fu ;dGjo
u/L ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] clwstd kl/rfng ug'{kb{5 .
29. ;dli6ut C0f – dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 k|fKt C0f lx;fa ljj/0fdf @)&$.&% ;Dd g]kfn
;/sf/sf] s'n C0f bfloTj ?=( va{ !% ca{ #! s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . h;dWo] cfGtl/s C0f ?=# va{ (!
ca{ !^ s/f]8 / j}b]lzs C0f ?=% va{ @$ ca{ !% s/f]8 /x]sf] b]lvG5 . C0f bfloTj ut jif{sf]
t'ngfdf #!=!( k|ltztn] cyf{t\ ?=@ va{ !& ca{ ^@ s/f]8 j[l4 ePsf] b]lvG5 . pQm C0f s'n
ufx{:Yo pTkfbg -k|rlnt d"Nodf_ ?=#) va{ & ca{ @$ s/f]8sf] #)=$$ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . s'n
C0fdWo] cfGtl/s C0f $@=&# k|ltzt / j}b]lzs C0f %&=@& k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . @)^* sf]
hgu0fgfcg';f/ s'n hg;+Vof @ s/f]8 ** nfv @( xhf/nfO{ cfwf/ dfGbf of] jif{;Dd k|ltJolQm
s'n C0f bfloTj ?=#! xhf/ &%) /x]sf] 5 . k|ltJolQm C0f bfloTj ut jif{eGbf ?=& xhf/ $# n]
a9\g uPsf] 5 .
30. ;]o/ nufgL k|ltkmn – dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ut
jif{;Dd ljleGg !)* ;+:yfdf ? ! va{ *! ca{ (! s/f]8 ;]o/ nufgL u/]sf]df of] jif{ yk nufgL
?=$$ ca{ ^@ s/f]8, af]g; ;]o/ k|fKt / ;dfof]hgaf6 ?=@% s/f]8 yk eO{ of] jif{;Dd ?=@ va{ @^
ca{ &* s/f]8 ;]o/ nufgL ePsf] b]lvG5 .
;]o/ nufgLaf6 of] jif{ gful/s nufgL sf]ifaf6 ?=! s/f]8 %& nfvsf] af]g; ;]o/ / g]kfn
6]lnsd, g]kfn /fi6« a}Í, g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0fnufot !# ;+:yfaf6 ?=!& ca{ $@ s/f]8
() nfv k|ltkmn k|fKt ePsf] b]lvG5 . tL afx]s (& ;+:yfdf u/]sf] nufgL ?=! va{ %! ca{ *^

cy{ dGqfno
s/f]8af6 of] jif{ s'g} k|ltkmn k|fKt u/]sf] gb]lvFbf ;+:yf ;~rfng Joj:yfkgdf bIftf Nofpg'kg]{
b]lvG5 .
31. C0f nufgL – dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ ljleGg ^$ ;+:yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
;|f]taf6 ut jif{;Dd ? (! ca{ $( s/f]8 %* nfv nufgL ePsf]df of] jif{ nufgL lkmtf{ /
;dfof]hg ePsf] ?=@ ca{ !$ s/f]8 %@ nfv / of] jif{ nufgL ePsf] ?=^ ca{ %% s/f]8 !(
nfv;d]t of] jif{;Dd ?=(% ca{ () s/f]8 @% nfv / j}b]lzs ;|f]taf6 ut jif{;Dd ljleGg $!
lgsfodf ?=! va{{ % ca{ @$ s/f]8 #! nfv nufgL ePsf]df of] jif{ nufgL lkmtf{ / ;dfof]hg
ePsf] ?=(& s/f]8 (! nfv / of] jif{ yk nufgL ePsf] ?=!) ca{ !( s/f]8 ^) nfv;d]t ?=! va{
!$ ca{ $^ s/f]8;d]t @)&$.&% ;Dd s'n ?=@ va{ !) ca{ #^ s/f]8 @% nfv C0f nufgL ePsf]
b]lvG5 .
g]kfn ;/sf/af6 nufgL ePsf] /sdsf] k|fKt x'g'kg]{ Aofh @)&#.&$ ;Ddsf] ?=$# ca{ #)
s/f]8 %# nfvdWo] ?=# ca{ %# s/f]8 @# nfv cyf{t\ *=!% k|ltzt dfq k|fKt eO{ ?=#( ca{ (&
s/f]8 #) nfv afFsL /x]sf]df of] jif{sf] yk;d]t ?=$* ca{ !* s/f]8 ^) nfv k'uL a'emfpg'kg]{
Aofhdf ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf of] jif{ !!=@& k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] b]lvG5 .
32. ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgsf] cj:yf – g]kfndf ;~rflnt &! ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgdWo] ljleGg jif{df ljlgj]z
/ aGb ePsf ;+:yf ## tyf ;~rfngdf /x]sf #* ;+:yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] nufgL k|jfx ePsf] 5 .
o;;DaGwL Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
32.1 lghLs/0f ubf{ ;~rfng u/L] /f]huf/L tyf pTkfbgdf 6]jf k'¥ofpg] zt{df lghLs/0f ePsf !*
;+:yfgdWo] xfn !@ ;+:yfdfq ;~rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ . e[s'6L sfuh sf/vfgf, xl/l;l4 OF6f6fon
sf/vfgf, afF;af/L 5fnfh'Qf sf/vfgf, sfFrf] 5fnf ;Íng tyf laqmL sDkgL, afnfh' sk8f pBf]u,
lj/f6gu/ h'6 ldN; ;~rfngdf g/x]sf] / xl/l;l4 OF6f6fon sf/vfgfsf] hUuf hldg;d]t Knl6ª
u/L laqmL u/]sf] cj:yf 5 . pBf]ux? ;Dem}ftf tyf k|:tfjgfcg';f/ ;~rfng gePsf]df ;DalGwt
lgsfo / dGqfnoaf6 yk sf/afxL ePsf] b]lvPg .
;~rflnt !@ ;+:yfdWo] g]kfn la6'ldg tyf Aof/]n pBf]u, g]kfn a}Í lnld6]8, g]kfn lrof
ljsf; lgud, a'6jn kfj/ sDkgL, g]kfn b"/;~rf/ sDkgL, gfkmfdf ;~rfng ePsf] / afFsLdWo]
rnlrq ljsf; sDkgL k'gM laqmL ePsf], /3'klt h'6 ldN;df hUuf ljjfb /x]sf] / g]kfn /f]lhg P08
6k]{G6fOg lnld6]8 3f6fdf ;~rfngdf /x]sf] 5 .
32.2 lghLs/0f P]g, @)%) th'{df ePkl5 lglhs/0fn] ult lnPklg kl5Nnf jif{x?df of] sfo{ k|efjsf/L
gePsf], lghLs[t ;+:yfklg ;~rfng ug]{ 3f]if0ff u/] klg k'gM aGb u/]sf h:tf ljifon] gLltut
lg/Gt/tf gx'g] cj:yf l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . ;~rfngdf g/x]sf ;+:yfsf] lnSo"8]zg sfo{ ;dodf
;DkGg u/L To:tf ;+:yfdf /x]sf] pks/0f tyf cGo d"Nojfg ;Dkltsf] oyf]lyt Joj:yfkg ug'{kg]{df
gu/]sf sf/0f pks/0fx? k|of]uljxLg e};s]sf, ;|f]t ;fwgsf] ;b'kof]u gePsf], hUuf tyf cGo
;DklQsf] cltqmd0f ePsf] h:tf cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . vf/]h eO{ ;~rfngdf g/x]sf ;+:yfdf dfq of]
jif{ ?=@) s/f]8 %( nfv tna eQfnufotsf k|of]hgdf C0f nufgL ePsf] b]lvG5 .
t;y{ lghLs[t tyf lghLs/0f x'g afFsL /x]sf ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf] k'gM jlu{s/0f u/L
;~rfng x'g] / gx'g], sfo{bIftf ePsf / gePsf 5'6\ofO{ Ps cfk;df ufEg], vf/]hL jf ;~rfng ug]{
;DaGwdf :ki6 gLlt to ug'{kb{5 .
32.3 lghLs[t gePsf ;+:yfgx?sf] klg af]lemnf] ;+u7g, a9\bf] tna eQfnufot ;~rfng vr{, c;Lldt
bfloTj, sfo{ ;~rfng vr{df j[l4, ;fFjf Aofh e'QmfgLsf] af]em, k'/fgf] k|ljlwsf] k|of]uaf6 pTkfbg
tyf ;]jfdf nfut j[l4, Ifdtfsf] Go"g pkof]unufotsf sf/0fn] cfDbfgLsf] t'ngfdf vr{sf] ef/ a9\b}
uPsf] 5 . cNksfnLg sd{rf/L ;'ljwf a9fO{ eljiodf e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{ /sdsf] Joj:yf gul/Fbf

cy{ dGqfno
;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?n] bL3{sfndf e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{ bfloTj @)&#.&$ ;Dd ?=#* ca{ %^ s/f]8 &&
nfv /x]sf]n] cGttM o;sf] ef/ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ g} kg{ hfg] cj:yf 5 .
vr{df ldtJolotf, pTkfbg Ifdtfsf] clwstd pkof]u, cfDbfgL / sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;"rssf]
cfwf/df ;'ljwf Pj+ kf/blz{tf Pj+ hjfkmb]lxtf clej[l4 u/L ;+:yfut ;'wf/df ;a} ;fj{hlgs
;+:yfgsf] ;lqmotf h?/L /x]sf] Joxf]/f cf}FNofOPsf]df l:ylt oyfjt\ 5 .
32.4 o; jif{ n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQm ul/Psf ;+ul7t ;+:yf $) dWo] !! n] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg u/fPsf 5}gg\ .
g]kfn vfg]kfgL ;+:yfgn] @)^(.&), @)&).&! / @)&@.&# b]lv @)&$.&% ;Dd, h8La'6L pTkfbg
tyf k|zf]wg sDkgL lnld6]8n] @)&@.&# b]lv @)&$.&% ;Dd, u'7L ;+:yfg, uf]/vfkq ;+:yfg /
pbok'/ l;d]G6 pBf]u lnld6]8n] @)&#.&$ b]lv @)&$.&% ;Ddsf] n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf 5}gg\ . To:t}
cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo ljsf; k|lti7fg, /fli6«o ;xsf/L ljsf; af]8{, Tffdfsf]zL hnljB't sDkgL lnld6]8,
ck/ c?0f xfO8«f] kfj/ sDkgL lnld6]8 / pQ/uËf kfj/ sDkgL lnld6]8n] @)&$.&% sf] n]vfk/LIf0f
u/fPsf 5}gg\ .
n]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQmsf] nflu k/fdz{ lbOPsf ;+ul7t ;+:yf #) dWo] ck/ tfdfsf]zL
hnljB't sDkgL lnld6]8, g]kfn d]6n sDkgL lnld6]8, /]ld6 xfO8«f] kfj/ sDkgL lnld6]8 /
/;'jfu9L xfO8«f] kfj/ sDkgL lnld6]8n] @)&$.&% sf] n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf 5}gg\ . ut ljut jif{df
n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQmsf] nflu k/fdz{ lbOP tfklg /fli6«o aLdf ;+:yfgn] @)^(.&) b]lv @)&#.&$
;Ddsf] n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf] 5}g . of] jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug{ k/fdz{ dfu u/]sf] ;d]t 5}g .
n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fpg] ;+:yfsf lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/LnfO{ n]vfk/LIf0f P]g, @)&% sf] bkmf @%
adf]lhd cfj:os sf/afxL ug{ ;DjlGwt dGqfnosf ;lrjnfO{ n]vL k7fOPsf] 5 . ;dodf
n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fpg]nfO{ sfg'gadf]lhd sf/afxL ug'{kb{5 .
33. ef8f c;'nL – g]kfn lrof ljsf; lgud @)%&.#.!$ df laqmL u/L lghLs/0fdf n}hfg ;Demf}tf
ePsf]df ;Demf}tf ldltb]lv @)^@.^# ;Ddsf] aufg ef8f ?=!) s/f]8 &# nfv $@ xhf/ c;'n x'g'kg]{
lyof] . ;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf] /sd c;'n gu/L dlGqkl/ifb\sf] @)^$.^.@) sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ @)^@.&.#
;Ddsf] ltg{ afFsL ?=!) s/f]8 &# nfv $@ xhf/ ef8f /sd !) jif{leqdf e'tmfgL ug{ lbg] u/L
@)^$.!!.@@ df k"/s ;Demf}tf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . k"/s ;Demf}tf ePsf] @)&$.!!.@@ df !) jif{
gfl3;s]sf] eP tfklg xfn;Dd pQm /sd c;'n gePsf]n] pQm /sd lgodfg';f/ c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
34. cg'bfgsf] cg'udg – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod $!-#_ cg';f/ ljz]if k|sf/sf
k6s] sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ;~rfngfy{ s'g} ;+:yfnfO{ cg'bfg lbFbf ePsf] k|ult ljj/0f lnO{ h'g sfdsf]
nflu /sd lbOPsf] xf] ;f] sfddf vr{ u/]sf] / n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf] cg'udg Pj+ d"NofÍg ug'{kg]{
Joj:yf 5 . o; jif{ dGqfnoaf6 ljleGg ^ sfo{qmdsf] nflu s[lif ljsf; a}Í, ;fgf ls;fg ljsf;
a}Í, lgIf]k tyf shf{ ;'/If0f lgud, g]kfn /fi6« a}Í / gu/ ljsf; sf]ifdf ?=! ca{ @) s/f]8 %(
nfv cg'bfg pknAw u/fPsf]df dGqfnon] vr{sf] cg'udg Pj+ d"NofÍg u/L ljj/0f tof/ gu/]sf] /
n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg klg k]; gx'Fbf vr{ Pj+ cg'bfgsf] pkof]u ;'lglZrt ug{ ;lsPg . k|rlnt
sfg'gadf]lhd n]vfk/LIf0f u/fO{ vr{sf] cg'udg Pj+ d"NofÍg u/]/ cg'bfg pkof]u Pj+ vr{sf]
;'lglZrttf ug'{kb{5 .
35. s[lif shf{df Aofh cg'bfg – s[lif tyf kz'k+5L shf{ Aofh cg'bfg sfo{ljlw, @)&# df Joj;foLx?nfO{
tf]lsPsf If]qx?df cfslif{t ug{ k|jflxt s[lif shf{df g]kfn ;/sf/n] % k|ltzt Aofh cg'bfg pknAw
u/fpg] pNn]v 5 . g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf] æs[lif shf{ Aofh cg'bfg zf]wegf{Æ vftfdf dGqfnon] @)&!.&@
df ?=%) s/f]8 s[lifshf{ Aofh cg'bfg pknAw u/fPsf]df ;f]sf] cg'udg gu/L o; jif{ yk ?=%)
s/f]8 Aofh cg'bfg pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
35.1 s[lif shf{sf] Aofh cg'bfg cg'udg u/L ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg / shf{ k|jfx ug]{ ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{
Aofhsf] zf]wegf{ pknAw u/fPsf]] q}dfl;s ljj/0f cy{ dGqfnonfO{ pknAw u/fpg'kg]{df

cy{ dGqfno
g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín] p2]Zo cg'?k Aofh cg'bfg pkof]u eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf lg/LIf0f Pj+
cg'udg k|ltj]bg ;d]t k]; u/]sf] 5}g .
35.2 of] jif{ cg'bfg pkzLif{sdf ah]6 /fv]/ d'gfkmfsf] p2]Zo /fv]/ :yflkt lghL k|s[ltsf $ zLt3/ tyf
vfBfGg e08f/nfO{ cfly{s jif{sf] cGtdf /sdfGt/ u/L ?=$ s/f]8 #& nfv @* xhf/ Aofh cg'bfg
lbPsf] b]lvof] . zLt3/ tyf vfBfGg e08f/ 3/ :yfkgfsf] nflu lnOPsf] C0fsf] Aofh cg'bfg g]kfn
/fi6« a}Ídfk{mt pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf ePsf]df pQm /sd ;f]em} dGqfnoaf6 e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 .
g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf] s[lif shf{ Aofh cg'bfgaf6 ;d]t o:tf] cg'bfg k|jfx x'g] l:ylt ePsfn] cy{
dGqfnodfkm{t l;w} Aofh cg'bfg e'QmfgL x'Fbf bf]xf]/f] gk/]sf] ;DaGwdf ;'lglZrt x'g ;lsPg .
dGqfnon] dfkb08n] tf]s]sf] k|lqmofcg';f/ g} e'QmfgL lbg] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
35.3 s[lif pTkfbg / s[lif If]qdf s[ifssf] lghL nufgL k|f]T;fxg ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] s]xL jif{ b]lv a}Íx?
dfkm{t k|jfx x'g] s[lif C0fdf % k|ltzt;Dd Aofh cg'bfg pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . g]kfn /fi6«
a}Íaf6 k|fKt tYofÍ cg';f/ Aofhb/ cg'bfgsf nfeu|fxLsf] ;+Vof @)&@.)&# sf] @ xhf/ %$@ af6
@)&#.)&$ df % xhf/ (@& x'Fb} @)&$.&% df * xhf/ (#) k'u]sf] 5 . o; cjlwdf nfeu|fxLsf]
;+Vof ;fF9] tLg u'0ffn] a9]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fi6« a}Ídfkm{t pknAw u/fPsf] Aofh cg'bfg
@)&@.)&# sf] ?=$ s/f]8 !) nfvaf6 ;ft u'0ffn] a9]/ ?=@* s/f]8 &( nfv k'u]sf] 5 . k|lt s[ifs
nfeu|fxL Aofh cg'bfg @)&@.&# sf] ?=!^ xhf/ !@( af6 a9]/ ?=#@ xhf/ @$) k'u]sf] 5 . b'O{
ltxfO{ hg;+Vof s[lifdf cfl>t /x]sf] ;Gbe{df hDdf * xhf/ (#) s[ifs dfq ;'ljwfsf] bfo/fdf
/x]sf]n] sfo{qmdsf] k|efj vf;} k/]sf] 5}g . nfeu|fxL s[ifssf] ef}uf]lns ljt/0fsf] cj:yf, Pp6} jf
;Lldt ;+Vofsf nfeu|fxL dfq k|To]s jif{ nfeflGjt eO{ Aofh cg'bfg 3/fo;L÷JoflQmut pkof]utkm{
uO{ pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj j[l4 x'g g;s]sf] kIfdf ;/sf/n] cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg u/]sf] 5}g . t;y{
s[lif;Fu ;DalGwt dGqfnon] xfn;Ddsf] Aofh cg'bfgsf] pkfb]otf Pj+ k|efjsfl/tfsf]
cg'udg÷d"NofÍg x'g' cfjZos 5 .
dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{no
36. ;l~rtsf]if – sfof{non] k]; u/]sf] ;l~rt sf]ifsf] ljj/0fcg';f/ k|flKt / e'QmfgLsf] cj:yf
lgDgfg';f/ 5M
-?=nfvdf_
ljj/0f cf=j= @)&$.&% cf=j= @)&#.&$ 36÷a9 k|ltzt
k|flKt
!= /fh:j tyf cg'bfg 7,74,67,72 6,52,79,71 18.67
s= /fh:j 7,32,24,14 6,12,53,15 19.54
v= cg'bfg 42,43,58 40,26,56 5.39
@= ljQLo Joj:yf 2,29,55,05 1,29,62,41 77.09
s= C0f nufgL lkmtf{ 3,23,53 2,94,02 10.04
v= j}b]lzs C0f k|flKt 84,27,84 39,15,45 115.25
u= cfGtl/s C0f k|flKt 1,42,03,68 87,52,93 62.27
#= cGo k|flKt 28,28,80 -22 -
hDdf 10,32,51,57 7,82,41,90 31.96
e'QmfgL
!= rfn' jif{sf] e'QmfgL 9,67,63,32 7,27,36,41 33.03
s= ;l~rt sf]if dfly Jooef/ x'g]
/sddf vr{ 16,37,53 10,15,23 61.30
v= ljlgof]hg P]gAff6 ePsf] vr{ 9,51,25,79 7,17,21,18 32.63
@= ljQLo Joj:yf cGtu{tsf] e'QmfgL 1,17,04,88 1,03,79,23 12.77
s= ;l~rt sf]if dfly Jooef/ x'g]
/sddf vr{ 55,67,38 61,26,46 -9.13
v= ljlgof]hg P]g 4f/f ePsf] vr{ 61,37,50 42,52,77 44.32
#= sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 -36,35 -12,75 185.10
cy{ dGqfno
ljj/0f cf=j= @)&$.&% cf=j= @)&#.&$ 36÷a9 k|ltzt
vr{ ePsf] t/ a}Íaf6 e'QmfgL gePsf]
vr{ ;dfof]hg
hDdf 10,84,31,85 8,31,02,89 30.48
$= ut jif{sf] 5'6 e'QmfgL 2 0
gubdf kl/jt{g -51,80,28 -48,61,00 6.57
cf=j= sf] z'?sf] df}Hbft -71,26,17 -22,65,17 214.60
cf=j= sf] clGtd df}Hbft -1,23,06,45 -71,26,17 72.69
36.1 ;/sf/L n]vf gub cfwf/df n]vfÍg ul/g] Joj:yf ePsf]df ;l~rtsf]ifsf] jflif{s df}Hbft C0ffTds
b]vfPsf] 5 . ut jif{;Dd ;/sf/sf] df}Hbft ?=&! ca{ @^ s/f]8 !& nfv C0ffTds ePsf]df of] jif{
?=%! ca{ *) s/f]8 @* nfv 3f6f x'g uO{ ?=! va{ @# ca{ ^ s/f]8 $% nfv C0ffTds df}Hbft
/x]sf] 5 . sfof{non] @)&% cfiff9 d;fGtdf cGo k|flKtdf b]vfPsf] ?=@* ca{ @* s/f]8 *) nfvnfO{
@)&%.&.@^ df dfq k'gM lgdf{0f sf]if vftfaf6 ;l~rtsf]if ldnfg vftfdf 6«fG;km/ u/]sf] 5 . pQm
/sdnfO{ ;dfj]z ubf{ @)&% cfiff9 d;fGtsf] ;l~rtsf]ifsf] lx;fa ?=! va{ %! ca{ #% s/f]8 @%
nfv C0ffTds b]lvG5 . gubdf cfwfl/t k|0ffnL cjnDag u/L lx;fa /fVbf C0ffTds df}Hbft x'g'n]
k|flKteGbf e'QmfgL a9L b]lvG5 . k|flKtsf ;|f]tx?af6 cg'dfgcg';f/ k|flKt x'g g;s]sf] t/ vr{
k|flKteGbf a9L x'g uO{ Go"g x'g uPsf] gub /sd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf g]kfn /fi6« a}Í / ;/sf/L
sf/f]af/ ug]{ jfl0fHo a}Íx?df /x]sf s]Gb|Lo cg'bfg tyf C0fvftfx?, cfof]hgfsf] gfddf vf]lnPsf
ljz]if C0f tyf cg'bfg vftfx?, w/f}6L vftfx?, ljleGg sf]ifx?, cg'bfg vftfx?, d"No clej[l4 s/
tyf eG;f/ sf]ifvftfx? / :yfgLo txsf vftfx?df /x]sf] df}Hbftaf6 Joxf]l/Psf] pNn]v 5 .
vftfcg';f/ /sd Joxf]l/Psf] lx;fa ldnfg ljj/0f k|:t't x'g cfPg . cy{ dGqfno;Fu ;dGjo u/L
C0ffTds df}HbftnfO{ Go"g u/fpg]tk{m kxn x'g'kb{5 .
36.2 ;l~rtsf]ifsf] cfly{s ljj/0fdf afXo C0fcGtu{t gub k|fKt ?=@! ca{ (# s/f]8 @ nfv, zf]wegf{
k|fKt ?=%! ca{ !# s/f]8 %^ nfv / ;f]em} e'QmfgL -k|ToIf C0f_ ?=!! ca{ @! s/f]8 @^ nfv;d]t
?=*$ ca{ @& s/f]8 *$ nfv cfDbfgL b]vfPsf] 5 . g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín] k|:t't u/]sf] s]Gb|Lo 6«]h/L
lx;fadf j}b]lzs C0f k|flKt ?=&* ca{ (^ s/f]8 @& nfv b]vfPsf]n] sfof{non] k|:t't u/]sf]
;l~rtsf]ifsf] cfly{s ljj/0f / g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín] k|:t't u/]sf] s]Gb|Lo 6«]h/L lx;fadf j}b]lzs C0f
k|flKt ?=% ca{ #! s/f]8 %& nfv km/s kgf{sf] sf/0f olsg u/L lx;fa ldnfg ug'{kb{5 . /fi6«
a}Í;Fu ;dGjo u/L lx;fa ldnfg u/]sf] pNn]v u/] tfklg ;f] lx;fa ldnfgsf] ljj/0f k|:t't ePsf]
5}g .
36.3 ;l~rtsf]ifsf] cfly{s ljj/0fdf j}b]lzs cg'bfgcGtu{t gub k|fKt ?=!) ca{ *$ s/f]8 @% nfv,
zf]wegf{ k|fKt ?=@$ ca{ ^^ s/f]8 $@ nfv, ;f]em} e'QmfgL -k|ToIf cg'bfg_ ?=% ca{ (% s/f]8 ^
nfv / j:t'ut ;xfotf ?=(& s/f]8 *% nfv;d]t ?=$@ ca{ $# s/f]8 %* nfv cfDbfgL b]vfPsf]
5 . o:t} g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín] of] jif{ ?=@* ca{ $# s/f]8 !& nfv cg'bfg k|fKt ePsf] b]vfPsf] 5 .
o;/L ;l~rtsf]if / g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf] cg'bfg k|flKt lx;fasf] ?=!$ ca{ $! nfv km/s b]lvPsf]n]
lx;fa ldnfg x'g'kb{5 .
36.4 cfly{s jif{leq k|fKt ePsf ;Dk"0f{ j:t'ut ;xfotf;d]t ;dfj]z u/L ;l~rtsf]ifsf] lx;fa tof/
x'g'kb{5 . bft[ /fi6«n] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg u/L x:tfGt/0f -6g{ sL a]l;;_ ug]{ u/L rqmky lj:tf/
cfof]hgf lgdf{0f #! s/f]8 @) nfv cf/PdaL -g]=?=% ca{ ( s/f]8_ / jL/ c:ktfn / k/f]ksf/ k|;"lt
tyf :qL/f]u c:ktfnsf] ejg lgdf{0f @ ca{ !) s/f]8 hfkfgL o]gdf ;DkGg x'g] u/L ;Demf}tf
ePsf]df pQm sfo{df ePsf] vr{ ;l~rt sf]ifsf] lx;fadf ;dfj]z u/]sf] b]lvPg . of] jif{ rqmky
lj:tf/ cfof]hgfdf ?=! ca{ @( s/f]8 ljlgof]hg ePsf] dWo] ?=! ca{ !) s/f]8 rLg ;/sf/sf] ;f]em}
e'tmfgL pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . ptm /sd /sdfGt/ u/L ;Defljt /0fgLlts ;8sx? / ;u/dfyf /fhdfu{
sfof{nodf /sdfGt/ yk u/]sf] b]lvof] . ptm of]hgfdf sfo{ ;'rf? eO{ vr{ e};s]sf] cj:yfdf
ljj/0f k|fKt u/L ;l~rtsf]ifsf] lx;fadf gb]vfPaf6 lx;fa oyfy{k/s b]lvFb}g .

cy{ dGqfno
36.5 cfly{s jif{leqdf vr{ ePsf] /sdsf] cfwf/df ;l~rtsf]ifsf] lx;fa tof/ ul/g'kb{5 . sf]if tyf
n]vflgoGqs sfof{nojf6 ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf, s[lif, kz', lzIff cflb sfo{qmdsf] nflu :yfgLo
lgsfodf ;zt{ cg'bfg lgsf;f lbPsf] /sd cfly{s jif{leq vr{ x'g g;sL ptm lgsfodf df}Hbft
/x]sf] cj:yfdf klg lgsf;f cg'?k g} vr{ ePsf] cfwf/df ;l~rtsf]ifsf] lx;fa tof/ u/]sf] b]lvof] .
o:tf lgsfodf /x]sf] df}Hbft ?=&! s/f]8 !* nfvnfO{ ;l~rtsf]ifsf] l6Kk0fLdf v'nf;f ug]{ Joj:yf
x'g'kb{5 .
37. sfo{ ;~rfng sf]if – dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] k]; u/]sf] @)&$.&% sf] sfo{;~rfng sf]ifsf]
s]Gb|Lo cfly{s ljj/0fcg';f/ ut jif{sf] lhDd]jf/L ?=!% ca{ !* s/f]8 #% nfv / of] jif{sf] cfo ?=%%
ca{ !* s/f]8;d]t ?=&) ca{ #^ s/f]8 #% nfvdf ?=$) ca{ @$ s/f]8 %! nfv vr{ eO{ afFsL
df}Hbft ?=#) ca{ !! s/f]8 *$ nfv b]lvG5 . sfo{;~rfng sf]if ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f
lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
37.1 sfo{;~rfng sf]if @)&#.&$ sf] s]Gb|Lo cfly{s ljj/0fcg';f/ ;f] jif{sf] ;|]:tfcg';f/ clGtd df}Hbft
?=!^ ca{ & s/f]8 ^( nfv /x]sf]df @)&$.&% df ?=!% ca{ !* s/f]8 #% nfvdfq lhDd]jf/L ;f/]sf]
5 . of] jif{ ?=*( s/f]8 #$ nfv 36L lhDd]jf/L ;f/]sf] ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L lx;fa ldnfg x'g'kb{5 .
37.2 sfo{;~rfng sf]ifsf] cfo Joo ljj/0fdf sf]ifsf] ;|]:tfcg';f/ afFsL df}Hbft ?=#) ca{ !! s/f]8 *$
nfv b]lvPsf]df a}Í df}Hbft ?=@^ ca{ $) s/f]8 @$ nfv pNn]v u/]sf]n] ?=# ca{ &! s/f]8 ^)
nfv 36L a}Í df}Hbft b]lvG5 . a}Ídf df}Hbft 36L b]vfPsf] ;DaGwdf sfof{non] cfjZos 5fglag u/L
oyfy{ lx;fa k]; ug'{kb{5 .
38. df}Hbft km/s – sfof{non] of] jif{ sfo{;~rfng sf]if sf] s]Gb|Lo cfly{s ljj/0f k]; u/]sf]df ljleGg #^
sfof{nosf] ?=! ca{ (& s/f]8 %) nfv ;|]:tfdf df}Hbft /x] tfklg z"Go a}Í df}Hbft /x]sf] ljj/0f k];
u/]sf] 5 . sfof{noaf6 jflif{s sf/f]af/sf] cfly{s ljj/0f lnO{ dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] ljleGg sf]ifsf]
cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ ug'{kg]{df cfly{s ljj/0f g} glnO{ ut jif{sf] tYofÍsf] cfwf/df s]Gb|Lo cfly{s
ljj/0f k]; u/]sf]n] cfly{s ljj/0fn] oyfy{ / ;lx lx;fa b]vfPsf] 5}g . a}Í df}Hbft z"Go /x]sf] ;DaGwdf
sfof{non] oyfy{ ?kdf cfly{s l:ylt b]lvg] u/L lx;fa k]; ug'{kg]{tkm{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod (# cg';f/ sfof{nodf k|fKt ePsf] /fh:j
/sd ;ft lbgleq a}Í bflvnf ug{'kb{5 . dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{nosf] kmf/fd g+= ! cg';f/ @)&$
cf;f9 d;fGtdf afFsL /x]sf] df}Hbft ;f]xL lbg /fh:j bflvnf gu/L @)&$ >fj0fdf lhDd]jf/L
;f/]sf] 5 . lhDd]jf/L ;fbf{ ?=@ s/f]8 !* nfv (@ xhf/ 36L lhDd]jf/L ;f/]sf] sf/0fn] Go"g ePsf]
/fh:j ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L c;'n ug{'kg{] b]lvPsf] 5 .
39. zf]wegf{ x'g afFsL – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #& sf] pklgod -#_ / -$_ df
ljleGg bft[kIf;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tfsf] cfwf/df zf]wegf{ x'g] u/L ePsf] lgsf;f vr{ ;DalGwt
sfof{no cfof]hgfaf6 zf]wegf{ dfu ePsf], bft[kIfaf6 zf]wegf{ k|fKt ePsf] / zf]wegf{ k|fKt x'g
afFsLsf] clen]v /fvL ;dod} zf]wegf{ dfu ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f
lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
39.1 ut jif{;Dd ?=@) ca{ %* s/f]8 !$ nfv cg'bfgtkm{ zf]wegf{ lng afFsL /x]sf]df o; jif{ zf]wegf{ k|fKt
ug]{ u/L vr{ ePsf] ?=@# ca{ &# s/f]8 @( nfv;d]t ?=$$ ca{ #! s/f]8 $# nfvdWo] of] jif{ ?=@@
ca{ @! s/f]8 &! k|fKt ePsf] / ?=! ca{ ## s/f]8 $^ nfv lx;fa ldnfg eO{ jiff{Gtdf ?=@) ca{ &^
s/f]8 @^ nfv zf]wegf{ lng afFsL /x]sf] 5 .
cg'bfgtk{m zf]wegf{ x'g afFsL /sd a9L /x]sf dGqfnodf k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf]
sfof{nosf] ?=( ca{ &( s/f]8 $$ nfv, lzIff dGqfnosf] ?=$ ca{ (& s/f]8 @* nfv, ;+3Lo
dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ?=! ca{ %$ s/f]8 (* nfv, :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof
dGqfnosf] ?=! ca{ #) s/f]8 ^^ nfv, ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfnosf] ?=! ca{ & s/f]8
@% nfv / hg;+Vof tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnosf] ?=$* s/f]8 @# nfv;d]t ^ dGqfnosf] ?=!( ca{ !&
cy{ dGqfno
s/f]8 *& nfv b]lvG5 . pQm /sd zf]weg{f lng afFsL cg'bfg /sdsf] (@=#& k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
j}b]lzs C0f tyf cg'bfg kl/rfng ug]{ dGqfno;Fu ;dGjo u/L zf]wegf{ lng] sfo{df tbf?stf
Nofpg'kb{5 .
39.2 ut jif{ j}b]lzs C0f zf]wegf{ x'g] u/L vr{ ePsf] ?=@@ ca{ #& s/f]8 *! nfv zf]wegf{ afFsL /x]sf]df
of] jif{sf] vr{ ?=%& ca{ ^@ s/f]8 (^ nfv;d]t zf]wegf{ x'g'kg]{ ?=*) ca{ && nfvdWo] ?=%) ca{ !!
s/f]8 #% nfv k|fKt ePsf] tyf ?=@ ca{ % s/f]8 *@ nfv lx;fa ldnfg u/L jiff{Gtdf ?=@& ca{ *#
s/f]8 ^) nfv afFsL b]lvPsf] 5 . C0f zf]wegf{ afFsL /sd ut jif{eGbf @$=#* k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 .
j}b]lzs C0fzf]wegf{ x'g afFsL /sd a9L /x]sf dGqfnodf k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nosf]
?=!) ca{ (^ s/f]8 %! nfv, cy{ dGqfno ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfg nufgLsf] ?=!) ca{ ^% s/f]8 ^@ nfv,
;+3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] ?=# ca{ !@ s/f]8 #% nfv, zx/L ljsf; dGqfnosf] ?=@
ca{ %& s/f]8 #^ nfv, l;FrfO dGqfnosf] ?=! ca{ *( s/f]8 && nfv / ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft
dGqfnosf] ?=! ca{ $$ s/f]8 $! nfv;lxt ^ dGqfnosf] ?=#) ca{ ^^ s/f]8 @ nfv b]lvG5 . jg
tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno, lzIff dGqfno, :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfnosf] zf]wegf{ x'g'kg]{ /sd C0ffTds
ePsfn] zf]wegf{ lng'kg]{ s'n /sdeGbf ^ dGqfnosf] /sd a9L /x]sf] 5 .
39.3 dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfo{fnoaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ cg'bfgtkm{ @! cfof]hgfdf ?=$ ca{ (# s/f]8 #*
nfv / j}b]lzs C0ftkm{ @% cfof]hgfdf ?=* ca{ ^^ s/f]8 !( nfv;d]t ?=!# ca{ %( s/f]8 %& nfv
C0ffTds b]vfPsf]df sf/0f v'nfPsf] 5}g .
39.4 dxfn]vf lgoGqssf] sfof{noaf6 k]; ePsf] aGb eO;s]sf cfof]hgfdf zf]wegf{ x'g afFsLsf]
ljj/0fdf ut jif{;Dd cg'bfgtkm{ ?=%* s/f]8 @^ nfv afFsL /x]sf]df of] jif{ ?=#% s/f]8 () nfv
k|fKt eO{ ?=@@ s/f]8 #^ nfv afFsL /x]sf] / j}b]lzs C0ftkm{ ut jif{;Dd ?=## s/f]8 @* nfv afFsL
/x]sf]df of] jif{ ?=! s/f]8 &$ nfv lx;fa ldnfg u/L ljleGg dGqfnodf ?=#% s/f]8 @ nfv;d]t ?
%& s/f]8 #* nfv afFsL /x]sf] 5 .
zf]wegf{ lng'kg]{ /sd ;dodf zf]wegf{ glnFbf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;|f]ttk{m ef/ kg]{ ePsfn]
sfg'gn] tf]s]sf] Dofbleq} vr{ ug]{ dGqfno;Fu ;dGjo u/]/ C0f cg'bfg zf]wegf{ lng] sfo{df
k|efjsfl/tf cfPsf] 5}g . ;DalGwt dGqfnon] dfu gu/]sf] sf/0f zf]wegf{ gePsf] b]lvFbf o;
;DaGwdf ;DalGwt dGqfnonfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg] Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
40. n]vfkfng tyf k|ltj]bg – n]vfkfngsf] nflu k|of]u ul/Psf kmf/fdx?sf] ;d;fdlos ;+zf]wg Pj+
;'wf/ gePsf], clwsf+z kmf/fdx? :jLs[t ul/P tfklg k|of]udf gNofPsf], ;/sf/L lgsfox?n] ljleGg
lsl;dsf ;ˆ6j]o/ k|of]u u/]sf]df :jLs[lt glnPsf] cj:yf b]lvPsf] 5 . dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{non]
g]kfn klAns ;]S6/ Psfpl06ª :6f088{ :jLs[t u/L nfu" u/]sf] ( jif{ eP klg ;a} lgsfodf nfu"
u/L g;s]sf], gubdf cfwfl/t n]vf k|0ffnLnfO{ k|f]befjL n]vf k|0ffnLsf] r/0fdf n}hfg ug'{kg]{ ;'wf/sf
sfdx? afFsL /x]sf] 5 . t;y{ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] k|of]u ug]{ n]vf 9f‘rfnfO{ ;/n Pj+ k|of]u
ug{ ;lsg] u/L Joj:yfkg ug'{ h?/L 5 .
40.1 n]vfkfng tyf ljQLo k|0ffnLnfO{ ;xh agfpg k|b]z tyf :yfgLo txdf n]vf ;d"xsf] sd{rf/L
Joj:yfkg u/]sf]df n]vf ;d"xsf kbx? l/Qm /x]sf 5g\ . s]Gb|Lo lgsfon] dftxtsf sfof{nosf]
lg/LIf0f Pj+ cg'udg u/L lgb{]zg lbg], k|fKt ljj/0fsf] cfwf/df s]Gb|Lo n]vf / clen]v /fVg]
Joj:yfdf k|efjsfl/tf gcfpFbf s]Gb|Lo cfly{s ljj/0fnufotsf ljifodf n]vfpQ/bfoL clws[tnfO{
;d]t ;f] ;"rgf k|fKt ePsf] 5}g . dftxtsf lgsfopk/ lgu/fgL g/fVbf ljQLo tYofÍ Psn sf]if
e'QmfgLsf] tYofÍdf e/kg'{ k/]sf]n] dftxtsf sfof{nosf] cg'udg u/L n]vfkfng Pj+ ;dodf ljj/0f
k]; ug]{ Joj:yfdf ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 . n]vf ;d"xsf sd{rf/L kbk"lt{ u/L n]vfkfng / k|ltj]bgdf
k|efjsfl/tf NofO{ n]vfk/LIf0fdf ;xhtf Nofpg'kb{5 .
40.2 /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf ePkl5 ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx u7g eO{ tLg} txaf6 cfly{s sf/f]af/ Pj+
n]vfkfng x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . tLg} txn] lzIff, :jf:Yo, k"jf{wf/nufotsf ljleGg If]qdf u/]sf] vr{sf]

cy{ dGqfno
PsLs[t clen]v Pj+ pknlAw dfkg ug]{ ;+oGq tof/ ul/Psf] 5}g . d'n'ssf] ;du| Pj+ If]qut cfly{s
sf/f]af/sf] glthf / k|fKt pknlAw b]lvg] u/L PsLs[t k|ltj]bg tof/L / pknlAw d"NofÍg ug]{
Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
41. cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fsf] k|efjsfl/tf – cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf @-t_ / cfly{s sfo{ljlw
lgodfjnLsf] lgod (^ cg';f/ ;/sf/L sfof{nox?sf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f dxfn]vf lgoGqs
sfof{no / dftxtaf6 x'g] u/]sf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs ljQLo Joj:Yffkgdf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg tyf
Jojl:yt?kdf ;~rfng ug{ cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x] klg n]vfk/LIf0f sfo{
rf}dfl;s ?kdf x'g] gu/]sf], cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fsf] nflu 5'§} :jtGq lgsfo / sd{rf/Lsf]
Joj:yfkg ug]{ sfo{ gePsf], sd{rf/Lx?sf] klxnf] kb:yfkgf sf]if tyf n]vflgoGqs sfof{nodf eO{
kof{Kt tflndsf] a]u/ n]vfk/LIf0fdf v6fpFbf cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f sfo{ k|efjsf/L gePsf], b/aGbL
cg';f/ kbk"lt{ geO{ Ps} sd{rf/Laf6 ljleGg sfof{nosf] n]vf /fVg] / cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIfs e"ldsf
lgjf{x u/]sf] lgsfodf ;?jf e} hfg] / cfpg] cj:yf 5 .
41.1 cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fsf] sfo{ k|efjsf/L gx'Fbf clGtd n]vfk/LIf0fn] k|df0f sfuhft k]z gePsf]
@)=@$ k|ltzt, clgoldt ePsf] ^=@& k|ltzt a]?h" cf}+NofPsf] l:ylt 5 . o;sf] cltl/Qm cfly{s
sf/f]af/df ePsf] j[l4sf] cg'kftdf df}h'bf hgzlQm Go"g b]lvPsf], cg'udg / lgu/fgL kof{Kt
gePsf], n]vfkfngdf ;+nUg s]xL sd{rf/Lg} cfly{s clgoldttfdf ;+nUg /x]sf] sf/0fn] lgi7fdf k|Zg
p7]sf]n] ;Lk, bIftf / OdfGbfl/tfaf6 sfo{;Dkfbgdf ;'wf/ Nofpg' h?/L 5 .
Joj:yfkgaf6 ePsf uNtL sdhf]/L ;dodf ;'wf/ u/L cfly{s sf/f]af/ Pj+ ljQLo ljj/0f
oyfy{k/s agfpg] sfo{df cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIfsåf/f l6Kk0fL Pj+ ;'wf/ gx'Fbf sf/f]af/sf] z'¢tf /
lgoldttf h:tf ljifo;d]t clGtd n]vfk/LIf0faf6 olsg ug'{ k/]sf] 5 . t;y{ ;dodf cfGtl/s
n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg u/L sf/f]af/sf] z'¢tf / lgoldttf ;DaGwL uNtL sdhf]/Ldf clGtd n]vfk/LIf0f
x'g' k"j{ g} ;'wf/ ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefu
42. cfGtl/s /fh:j ;+/rgf — cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefusf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg cg';f/ cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&%
df ?=@ va{ (( ca{ (! s/f]8 /fh:j c;'n ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df ?=@ va{ (* ca{ ^% s/f]8 -((=%*
k|ltzt_ /fh:j c;'nL u/]sf] 5 . s'n /fh:j axfn s/
1 .5 2%
:jf:Yo ;]jf z'Ns lzIff ;]jf z'Ns
Aofh s/ 5 .01% 0.38 % 0.31 %
;Íngdf cfos/ $&=)! k|ltzt, d"No cGtMz'Ns cfos/
clej[l4 s/ @%=%@ k|ltzt, cGtMz'Ns
@)=@% k|ltzt, Aofh s/ %=)! k|ltzt, 20.2 4 7.0
axfn s/ !=%@ k|ltzt, :jf:Yo ;]jf z'Ns
)=#* k|ltzt / lzIff ;]jf z'Ns )=#!
k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . ut jif{ s'n /fh:j
;Íngdf cfos/ %@=%!, d"No clej[l4 s/
@#=^&, / cGtMz'Ns !*=#! k|ltzt /x]sf] d"No clej[l4 s/
25 .5 2%
lyof] . o; jif{sf] /fh:j c;'nLsf] ;+/rgf
j[Qlrqdf b]vfOPsf] 5 . /fh:jsf] nIo k|If]k0f ubf{ @)&@.&# sf] c;'nLeGbf @)&#.&$ df !$=%*
k|ltzt / @)&#.&$ sf] c;'nL eGbf @)&$.&% df !^=!( k|ltztn] a9L k|If]k0f u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
43. /0fgLlts of]hgf sfof{Gjog — s/ k|zf;gdf cfj4 hgzlQmsf] Ifdtf tyf pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug]{ nIo
lnO{ ljefun] k~rjifL{o /0fgLlts of]hgf -@)&)–@)&$_ Pj+ lqjifL{o ;'wf/ of]hgf -@)&#–@)&%_
sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf]df ;f] of]hgfn] tf]s]sf kl/df0ffTds nIo / @)&$.&% ;Ddsf] k|ult cj:yf
lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5 .

cy{ dGqfno
/0fg}lts @)&$.&%
;"rsfs OsfO{
of]hgfsf] nIo k|ult
s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgdf s/ /fh:jsf] of]ubfg k|ltzt 18.00 21.91
cfos/sf] of]ubfg k|ltzt 5.46 5.32
d"No clej[l4 s/sf] of]ubfg k|ltzt 5.64 6.88
cGtMz'Nssf] of]ubfg k|ltzt 3.17 3.41
d"=c=s/ gg\kmfOn/ k|ltzt 10.00 34.2
cfos/ gg\kmfOn/ k|ltzt 40.00 46.00
s/ k/LIf0fsf nflu s/bftf 5gf}6 k|ltzt 2.00 0.49
/0fg}lts of]hgfsf] clGtd jif{ @)&#.&$ ;Dd gg\kmfOn/ -ljj/0f k]z gug]{_ ;+Vof
cfos/tkm{ $) k|ltzt / d"No clej[l4 s/tkm{ !) k|ltztdf ;Lldt ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df @)&$.&%
;Dd klg cfos/tkm{ $^ k|ltzt / d"No clej[l4 s/tkm{ #$=@ k|ltzt gg\kmfOn/ /x]sf] 5 . s/
k/LIf0f @ k|ltzt k'¥ofpg] nIo /fv]sf]df of] jif{ )=$( k|ltzt s/bftfsf] dfq s/ k/LIf0f ePsf] 5 .
/0fgLlts of]hgf cjlwdf s/sf] of]ubfg nIo cg'?k ePklg gg\kmfOn/ a9]sf], s/ k/LIf0fsf] ;+Vof
nIo cg';f/ gePsf] tYof+sn] cfGtl/s /fh:j k|zf;gdf ;'wf/ u/L s/ kl/kfngfdf k|efjsfl/tf
Nofpg Ifdtf clej[l4 u/fpg'kb{5 .
44. s/sf] bfo/f — cfos/ P]gsf] kl/R5]b !& cGt{ut s/ s§L ug{'kg]{ bfloTj ePsf h'g;'s} JolQmn]
To:tf] cfo cfh{g ug'{ jf s/ s§L ug'{ cufj} :yfoL n]vf gDa/ lng'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . d"No clej[l4
s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] bkmf !) df s'g} sf/f]af/df ;+nUg x'g rfxg] JolQmn] sf/f]af/ z'? ug'{ cl3
sf/f]af/ btf{ x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . cGtMz'Ns P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf * df cGtMz'Ns nfUg] j:t'sf]
pTkfbg, k}7f/L, laqmL jf ;~ro ug{ jf cGtMz'Ns nfUg] ;]jf k|bfg ug{ rfxg] JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf
;+:yfn] Ohfhtkq lng'kg]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . s/sf] bfo/f ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ .
44.1 s/sf] bfo/f lj:tf/sf] nflu :yfoL n]vf gDa/ k|bfg ug]{ sfo{nfO{ cleofgsf] ?kdf ;~rfng ug]{
gLlt /x]sf] 5 . bf]>f] /0fg}lts of]hgf cg';f/ tLg jif{df :yfoL n]vf gDa/ ljt/0fsf] cj:yf
lgDgadf]lhd /x]sf] 5 .
-;+Vofdf_
ljj/0f @)&@.&# @)&#.&$ @)&$.&% df yk @)&$.&% ;Dd
Jofj;flos :yfoL n]vf gDa/ 840018 934658 103608 1038266
JolQmut :yfoL n]vf gDa/ 602800 688420 78266 766646
hDdf 1442818 1623078 181834 1804912
d"No clej[l4 s/df btf{ 157635 174894 19653 194547
cGtM z'Ns Ohfhtkq 42495 54657 10854 65511
s/bftf ;+Vof @)&@.&# sf] t'ngfdf @)&#.&$ df !@=$( k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf]df of] jif{
!!=@ k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 . s'n s/bftfdWo] & nfv ^^ xhf/ -$@ k|ltzt_ nfO{ JolQmut :yfoL n]vf
gDa/ hf/L u/]sf] 5 .
44.2 s/sf] bfo/f lj:tf/ ug]{ p2]Zo cGtu{t of] jif{ ! nfv # xhf/ ^)* nfO{ Jofj;flos :yfoL n]vf
gDa/, &* xhf/ @^^ nfO{ JolQmut :yfoL n]vf gDa/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 eg] !( xhf/ ^%# s/bftf
d"No clej[l4 s/df / !) xhf/ *%$ s/bftf cGtMz'Nsdf yk ePsf] b]lvG5 . Jofj;flos /
JolQmut :yfoL n]vf gDa/ lnPsf ;d]t !* nfv $ xhf/ (!@ s/bftf s/sf] bfo/fdf cfPsf 5g\ .
of] ;+Vof g]kfnsf] hg;+Vof @ s/f]8 *^ nfvsf] ^=#! k|ltzt x'G5 . of] k|ltztdf JolQmut :yfoL
n]vf gDa/ lnPsf] ;+Vof 36fpFbf Jofj;flos :yfoL n]vf gDa/ lng] sl/a #=^# k|ltzt dfq
b]lvPsf]n] ;a} Joj;foL bfo/fdf cfPsf] ;'lglZrt x'g] l:ylt 5}g . sfg"g adf]lhd s/of]Uo cfo
ePsf ;a} Joj;foL s/sf] bfo/fdf NofOg'kb{5 .

cy{ dGqfno
44.3 cgf}krfl/s cy{tGqsf sf/0f 7"nf] s/ cGt/ /x]sf] ljleGg cWoogx?n] b]VffPsf] 5 . ;f] ;Gbe{nfO{
dWogh/ /fvL ljefusf] jflif{s sfo{qmddf s/ cGt/;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ sfo{qmd ;dfj]z ePsf]df
;f] cWoog x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;a} If]qsf ;"rgf ;~hfn
:yfkgf u/L /fh:jsf] cleGg cË dfgL tb\cg'?k /0fg}lts of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog, s/sf]
;dGjofTds ?kdf sfo{ u/]df k|fKt /fh:jeGbf a9L bfo/f lj:tf/, cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnL,
/fh:j kl/rfng x'g ;Sg] b]lvG5 . cgf}krfl/s aLhs tyf ahf/ cg'udg, s/ k/LIf0fsf]
5gf}6 ljlw, s/ k/LIf0fsf] u'0f:t/,
cy{tGqnfO{ cf}krfl/s cy{tGqdf kl/0ft ug]{tkm{ yk k|zf;sLo k'g/fjnf]sg, aSof}tf c;'nL,
kxn sbdL lng'kg]{ b]lvG5 . cGt/f{li6«o ;+3 ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/Lsf] s/,
44.4 o; jif{ lrlsT;s $$, OlGhlgo/ $&, jlsn !!!, ljB'tLo Jofkf/df nfUg] s/, lzIff ;]jf
;Nnfxsf/ !)@, snfsf/ !^*, v]nf8L !*@, lzIf0f z'Ns c;'nL, Do'Ro'on km08sf] s/
;+:yfdf k|fWofkg ug]{ JolQm ! xhf/ #)& n] :yfoL n]vf bfloTj, ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u,
gDa/ lnPsf] b]lvG5 . k];fljb\x?n] cfˆgf] k];fnfO{ ;~rfnsaf6 k|fKt C0f ;fk6Lsf] ;|f]t,
lrlsT;ssf] kfl/>lds s/, cjsfz
lg/Gt/tf lbg k|To]s jif{ k];fut k|df0fkqnfO{ e'QmfgLdf s/ s§L, xjfO{ ;]jf
lgodgsf/L lgsfodf gjLs/0f ubf{ To:tf lgofds ;~rfngdf s/, sfuf]{df s/, 3/hUuf
lgsfon] s/ r'Qmf k|df0fkq dfu ug]{ u/]sf] 5}g . lg;u{df s/ nufotsf ljifodf /fh:j
;+:yfut e'QmfgLdf clgjfo{ ?kdf :yfoL n]vf gDa/ k|zf;gaf6 ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
pNn]v ug]{ Joj:yf nfu" ug'{sf] cltl/Qm plNnlvt
k];fljb\x?nfO{ lgodgsf/L lgsfodf ;b:otf gjLs/0f
ubf{ s/ r'Qmfsf] k|df0fkq b]vfpg'kg]{, /sd e'QmfgL ubf{ clgjfo{ :yfoL n]vf gDa/ lnO{ e'QmfgL ug]{
Joj:yf nfu" ug'{kb{5 .
44.5 cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf]] bkmf !!-!_ df s[lifhGo Joj;foaf6 k|fKt cfodf s/ 5'6 x'g] pNn]v 5 . xfn
s[lifhGo j:t' cfoft tyf :yfgLo vl/b u/L pkef]Qmf;Dd k'¥ofpg dWo:tstf{sf] ?kdf w]/} JolQm
;+nUg /x]sf], d"Nojfg h8La'6L tyf ?b|fIf nufotsf s[lifhGo j:t'x?df d"No j[l4 u/L Jofkfl/s cfDbfgL
u/]sf] cj:yf 5 . cfly{s ;j]{If0f @)&$.&% df s[lifhGo rfdn, lrgL, bnxg, v;L af]sf, kmnk"mn
nufot #) cfO6ddf ?=! va{ %$ ca{ @@ s/f]8eGbf a9Lsf] cfoft ePsf] b]lvG5 . s[lifhGo j:t' jf
s[ifsn] pTkfbg u/]sf] s[lifhGo j:t'x? pkef]ukl5 art ePsf] kl/df0f :yfgLo ahf/df laqmL ubf{ k|fKt
cfDbfgLdf s/ 5'6 5 . t/ :yfgLo s[ifs;Fu vl/b u/L jf cfoft u/L pkef]Qmf;Dd k'¥ofpg]
Jofkf/Lx?n] ;d]t 5'6 lnPsf] ;DaGwdf cg''udg u/L s/sf] bfo/fdf Nofpg'kb{5 .
44.6 hUuf, 3/hUuf tyf df]6/ vl/b ubf{ cfo;|f]t v'nfpg'kg]{ lgb]{lzsf, @)^% df ?=@) nfveGbf a9Lsf]
df]6/ / ?=%) nfveGbf a9Lsf] 3/hUuf vl/b ubf{ /sdsf] ;|f]t v'nfpg'kg]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] lyof] . xfn
pQm Joj:yf ;+zf]wg eO{ ?=! s/f]8eGbf a9Lsf] 3/hUuf jf df]6/ vl/b ubf{ ;|f]t v'nfpgkg]{ Joj:yf
5 . 7"nf s/bftf sfof{no, cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no sn+sL nufotsf sfof{nosf ^ s/bftf;Fu !^#
vl/bstf{n] ?=# ca{ !* s/f]8 (* nfvsf] ;jf/L ;fwg tyf 3/ hUuf vl/b ubf{ s/sf] bfo/fdf
gcfO{ sf/f]af/ u/]sf]n] ;f] ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L bfo/fdf Nofpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
44.7 d"No clej[l4 s/df lglZrt ;Ldf ;Ddsf] 5'6 / z"Go b/sf] Joj:yf sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf] 5 . /fli6«o
pkef]u, nufgLsf] cfwf/df cfpg] /sddf s/ 5'6sf] j:t' / ;Ldf 36fPkl5 cfpg] cÍdf k|rlnt
b/cg';f/ d"No clej[l4 s/ c;'n gePsf] / d"No clej[l4 s/ cGt/ @)&#.&$ df sl/a ?=! va{ #@
ca{ @# s/f]8 /x]sf]n] o:tf] cGt/sf] jf:tljs cj:yfsf ljifodf ljefun] cWoog u/L d"No clej[l4
s/ cGt/ Go"g u/]/ /fh:j c;'nLdf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg'kg]{ ljifodf ut jif{sf] k|ltj]bgdf ;'emfj
lbOPsf] lyof] . pQm s/ cGt/ cWoog Pj+ k|efjsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu ljefuaf6 of] jif{ s'g} sfo{
ePsf] b]lvPg .
45. cfGtl/s lgoGq0f — cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod (% df k|To]s ljefuLo k|d'vn]
cfk"m / cGtu{t lgsfoaf6 ;Dkfbg ul/g] sfo{x?sf] nflu cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnL tof/ u/L nfu"
ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . o; k|of]hgsf nflu cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefun] s/;DaGwL sfg'gL Joj:yfsf]

cy{ dGqfno
cltl/Qm lgb]{lzsf tyf cfjZostfcg';f/ kl/kq, k"jf{b]z hf/L ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . ljefu / cGtu{tsf
sfof{nox?sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnL ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf sdhf]/L / To;af6 kg]{
c;/ b]xfodf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5M
qm=;+= sdhf]/L c;/
! s/bftfn] cfo ljj/0fsf ;fy k]; u/]sf] vl/b– s/bftfx?aLrsf] sf/f]af/ ld;Dofr x'Fbf ;f]nfO{ cfwf/
laqmL, ;fx'–cf;fdLsf] ljj/0f -cg';"rL !#_ lnO{ s/ lgwf{/0f ug{ ;d:of kg]{ tyf ;f]xL ;"rgfsf]
k"0f{?kdf eg]{ gu/]sf], cfo ljj/0fsf] cËsf] ?kdf cfwf/df s/bftf 5gf}6 x'g] x'Fbf 5gf}6 k|lqmof ;d]t
glnPsf], k|efljt x'g] cj:yf /x]sf],
@ s/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ k]; ug]{ ;"rgf / ;Da4 kIf;Fusf] unt ;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f eO{ /fh:j r'xfj6 x'g] cj:yf
sf/f]af/ le8fg u/L s/ n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ lhDd]jf/ /x]sf], oyfy{ cfly{s sf/f]af/ k|:t't gx'g],
agfpg] Joj:yf gePsf],
# /fh:j n]vf k|0ffnLn] cfly{s ljj/0f :jrflnt cfly{s ljj/0fx? ;dodf tof/ gx'g], le8fgdf ;d:of,
?kdf l;h{gf x'g] gu/]sf], d"No clej[l4 s/sf] aSof}tf cfly{s ljj/0fn] gb]vfpg],
$ jflif{s ?kdf s/bftfsf] ltg'{kg]{ cfos/ / ljleGg s/bftfn] ltg'{kg]{ s/ lt/], glt/]sf] olsg ug{ sl7gfO
cjlwdf lt/]sf] cfos/ :jrflnt ?kdf le8fg x'g] x'g],
Joj:yf g/x]sf]
% cgnfOg 6L8LP; k|0ffnLsf] k"0f{ sfof{Gjog gePsf], cfo ljj/0fdf plNnlvt ltg'{kg]{ s/ bflvnf ePsf]
ljleGg s/bftfsf] e'QmfgLdf s/ s§L Pp6} olsg gx'g], ef}r/df plNnlvt /sdeGbf a9L s/
ef}r/af6 bflvnf x'g] u/]sf], ldnfg x'g] cj:yf /x]sf],
^ sDKo'6/af6 aLhs hf/L ug]{ sfo{ljlwsf] sfof{Gjog sDKo'6/af6 aLhs hf/L ug]{ k|0ffnL k|efjsf/L gx'gfn]
/ cg'udg x'g g;s]sf], s/bftfsf] ;"rgf PsLs[t u/L ;Fu|x0f / cg'udg ug{
g;lsPsf],
& PsLs[t s/ k|0ffnLaf6 aSof}tf /fh:j / clfy{s aSof}tfsf] oyfy{ l:ylt olsg ug{ g;lsPsf],
ljj/0fsf] aSof}tf le8fg gx'g]
* s/ n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg, ;+zf]lwt s/ lgwf{/0f ljj/0fsf] k"0f{ clen]vg gx'Fbf cg'udgdf ;d:of k/]sf],
cfb]z / ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] kf]6{ndf cknf]8 x'g]
gu/]sf],
( s/k/LIf0f ul/Psf s'n kmfOnsf] ! k|ltzt dfq s/k/LIf0fsf] u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f gx'g], ;'wf/sf] cj;/ Go"g
cfGtl/s k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ ul/Psf], x'g],
!) s/ k/LIf0f kmfOndf /fVg'kg]{ sfuhft / P]gsf] bkmf cg'udgdf sl7gfO x'g] tyf s/bftfn] sfuhft kl/jt{g
*# adf]lhd dfluPsf ;"rgfx? ;dfj]z gx'g] . ug{ ;Sg] .
cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnLnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg plNnlvt ljifosf cltl/Qm cGo ;fGble{s
ljifodf ;'wf/ x'g'kb{5 .
46. d"No clej[l4 s/ — d"No clej[l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] bkmf !* df s/bftfn] k|To]s dlxgf cfk"mn]
a'emfpg'kg]{ s/ /sd :jo+ lgwf{/0f u/L ;f] dlxgf ;dfKt ePsf] @% lbgleq ljj/0f a'emfpg'kg]{
Joj:yf 5 . ljefun] k]; u/]sf] jflif{s k|ltj]bgcg';f/ @)&% c;f/ d;fGtsf] d"No clej[l4 s/
sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf lgDgfg';f/ b]lvPsf] 5M
ljj/0f 2072/73 2073/74 2074/75
qm]l86 /sd -?=ca{df_ 26.5 27.52 35.71
qm]l86 ljj/0f -;/sf/n] lbg'kg]{_ k|ltzt 51.11 51.14 51.97
8]la6 /sd -?=ca{df_ 6.33 8.71 9.96
8]la6 ljj/0f -;/sf/nfO{ ltg'{kg]{_ k|ltzt 13.30 13.25 14.06
z"Go ljj/0f k|ltztdf 35.58 35.61 33.97
8]la6 / qm]l86 /sd t'ngf 1 M4.19 1 M3.16 1 M3.59
d"No clej[l4 s/ lkmtf{ -?=ca{df_ 4.23 4.76 4.59
ljj/0f k]; gug]{ k|ltzt 30 30 24
46.1 d"No clej[l4 s/df btf{ ePsf s'n s/bftf ! nfv ($ xhf/ %$& dWo] cfiff9 d;fGtdf ! nfv
$& xhf/ *%% s/bftfn] ljj/0f a'emfPsf], $^ xhf/ ^(@ -@$ k|ltzt_ s/bftfn] ljj/0f g}
cy{ dGqfno
ga'emfPsf] cj:yf 5 . ljj/0f a'emfpg]dWo] @) xhf/ &** -!$=)^ k|ltzt_ n] 8]la6 ljj/0f k];
u/]sf 5g\ eg] &^ xhf/ *$) -%!=(& k|ltzt_ n] qm]l86 ljj/0f k]; u/]sf 5g\ . To:t} %) xhf/
@@^ -##=(& k|ltzt_ n] z"Go ljj/0f a'emfPsf 5g\ . dflysf] tYof+sdf ljefusf] jflif{s k|ltj]bgn]
ljj/0f k]z gug]{ @$ k|ltzt pNn]v u/]klg @)&% cfiff9 d;fGtdf cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefusf]
;km\6j]o/ k|0ffnLdf #$=)@ k|ltzt b]lvPsf] 5 .
46.2 ut jif{ qm]l86 /sd 8]la6 /sdsf] #=!^ u'0ff /x]sf]df of] jif{ #=%( u'0ff /x]sf] kfOof] . s'n s/
ljj/0f k]; u/]sf s/bftfdWo] %!=(& k|ltztn] q]ml86 ljj/0f k]; u/]sf] tyf #$=)@ k|ltzt s/bftf
gg\kmfOn/ /x]sf], q]ml86 ljj/0f / /sd a9]sf]n] d"No clej[l4 s/ sfof{Gjogdf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ cj:yf 5 .
btf{ ePsf s/bftfdWo] ##=(& k|ltztn] sf/f]af/ g} gu/]sf] egL ljj/0f k]; u/]sf] cj:yfdf
ljefuaf6 cg'udg u/L ;f]sf] oyfy{tf ;DaGwdf ljZj:t x'g'kb{5 . ljj/0f k]; gug]{ dWo] klg
z'?b]lv g} gg\kmfOn/ Pj+ s]xL ;do ljj/0f a'emfO{ gg\kmfOn/ ePsf] olsg ul/g'kb{5 . To:t} qm]l86
ljj/0f, 8]la6 ljj/0fnufotsf ljifodf ;d]t jflif{s k|ltj]bg / ;"rgf k|0ffnLdfkm{t k|fKt tYofÍ
km/s k/]sf] 5 . tYofÍsf] oyfy{tf olsg ul/g'kb{5 .
47. aLhs tyf ahf/ cg'udg – /fh:j k|zf;gn] gLltut ;'wf/ u/]/ ;}4flGts ?kdf s/ ;Íngdf
;xhtf / ltj|tf b]vfP tfklg Jofjxfl/s?kdf btf{ a]u/ sf/f]af/ ug]{, btf{ x'g]n] klg aLhs hf/L
gug]{, Go"g aLhsLs/0f ug]{, ;dodf ljj/0f ga'emfpg], a'emfpg]n] klg a9L df}Hbft, ;DklQ vl/b,
Go"g d"No j[l4 b]vfO{ qm]l86 ljj/0f hf/L ug]{, 8]la6 ljj/0f k]; ug]{n] klg nfUg] s/ glt/]sf] ahf/
cg'udg, lalnª OGkmf];{d]G6 sfo{df tbf?stf gcfPsf] cj:yf ljBdfg 5 . lalnª OGkmf];{d]G6 tyf
ahf/ cg'udg sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/ Pj+ k|efjsf/L agfpg' h?/L 5 .
48. s/ k/LIf0fsf] nflu 5gf}6 — cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefun] hf]lvd ;"rssf] cfwf/df s/bftf 5gf}6 ubf{
ckgfpg] ljlwn] ;a} s/bftfnfO{ Pp6} hf]lvd OlGhgsf] bfo/fdf /fv]sf] 5 . If]qut s/bftfnfO{
pko'Qm x'g] ljlw k|of]u gx'Fbf s'g} s/bftf k|To]s jif{ 5gf}6df kg]{ / s'g} s/bftfnfO{ pQm ljlwn]
5gf}6 aflx/ /fVg] l:ylt 5 . hf]lvdsf] d"NofÍg ug{ cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefusf] ;ˆ6j]o/df k|lji6
u/]sf] tYofÍnfO{ cfwf/ lnP klg s/bftfn] ;xL tYofÍ k|lji6 gug]{, sltkon] tYofÍ g} geg]{
sf/0fn] slxNo} 5gf}6 gx'g] cj:yf 5 . To;}u/L $ jif{sf] ;LdfGt cjlwdf s/ lgwf{/0f ePsf] / s]xL
s/bftfsf] $ jif{] cjlw gf3]sf] sf/0fn] s/ lgwf{/0fsf] nflu Dofb ;dfKt x'g] cj:yf cfpg] u/]sf] 5 .
ctM pQm ljlw tyf ;"rsx?df ;do;fk]If ?kdf k'g/fjnf]sg x'g'kb{5 .
48.1 pBf]u Joj;fo ;~rfng ubf{ Pp6} Joj;flos ;d"xn] ljleGg cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{noaf6 :yfoL
n]vf gDa/ lnO{ sf/f]af/ u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . ;DalGwt kIfaLr sf/f]af/ eO{ yk bfloTj olsg ug{]
k|of]hgsf] nflu ljefun] k|of]udf NofPsf] hf]lvd OlGhgdf 5gf}6 cÍsf] ef/ lbPsf] 5}g . t;y{ ;f]df
;'wf/ u/L ;Da4 sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ Joj;foLs ;d"xsf] 5gf}6 u/L lnÍ cl86 ug]{ Joj:yf
ldnfpg'kb{5 .
48.2 cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !)!-#_ cg';f/ s/bftfx?n] k]; u/]sf] cfo ljj/0f pk/ $ jif{ leq s/
k/LIf0f u/L ;Sg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nonaf6 @)&$.&% df s/ k/LIf0f ePsf (&@
s/bftfdWo] @)( s/bftf sf] @)&).&! sf] k/LIf0f ePsf] 5 . oL s/bftfx?sf] sf/f]af/sf]
n]vfk/LIf0f @)&% >fj0fdf z'? ubf{ $ jif{ gfl3;s]sf] cj:yfn] n]vfk/LIf0fsf] bfo/fdf g} ;+s'rg
cfPsf] 5 . t;y{ 5gf}6df k/]sf s/bftfsf] s/ k/LIf0f ;f]xL jif{ ug]{ Joj:Yff ldnfpg'kb{5 .
49. s/k/LIf0f u'0f:t/ — k"0f{s/ k/LIf0ftkm{ $ xhf/ #*) kmfOn k/LIf0faf6 ?=^ ca{ () s/f]8 cfos/
/ ?=! ca{ %^ s/f]8 d"No clej[l4 s/ lgwf{/0f ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df % xhf/ !)% ;DkGg eO{ ?=!( ca{
*) s/f]8 cfos/ / ?=@ ca{ #$ s/f]8 d"No clej[l4 s/ lgwf{/0f ePsf] k|ult k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePsf]
5 . of] jif{ ?=@ va{ (* ca{ /fh:j c;'n ug{ ?=(( s/f]8 vr{ x'Fbf /fh:j ;Íng nfut k|lt xhf/
?=#=#@ /x]sf] 5 .
cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{noaf6 s/ lgwf{/0f ePsf] tYofÍaf6 nIo k"/f eP klg ljut jif{b]lv %
xhf/ ^!^ s/bftf k'g/fj]bgdf uPsf]n] ?= $& ca{ ## s/f]8 $% nfv aSof}tf /x]sf] 5 . o;}u/L @
cy{ dGqfno
s/bftfsf] ?=&@ ca{ %* s/f]8sf] s/ ;DaGwdf ;f]e}m ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg u/]sf] cj:yf 5 . ^
s/bftfsf] ?=@ ca{ $ s/f]8 !^ nfv s/ lgwf{/0f ePsf]df tTkZrft\ s/bftf knfog ePsf] cj:yf 5 .
lgwf{/0f ePsf] s/ :jLsf/ gu/L k'g/fj]bgdf hfg] jf Joj;fo g} 5f8]/ knfog x'g] cj:yfn]
s/k/LIf0fsf] u'0f:t/ ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ l:yltnfO{ ;+s]t ub{5 . oL ;du| tYofÍn]] s/k/LIf0fdf ;'wf/ ug{
h?/L b]lvPsf] 5 .
50. k|zf;sLo k'g/fjnf]sg — cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !!$ / !!% df dftxtaf6 ePsf] s/
lgwf{/0fdf s/bftfn] lrQ ga'emfO{ k]; u/]sf] lgj]bg pk/ dxflgb]{zs ;dIf k|zf;sLo k'g/fjnf]sg
ug{;Sg] / To:tf lgj]bgpk/ ^) lbg leq lg0f{o ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . k|zf;sLo k'g/fjnf]sgsf nflu
btf{ ePsf dWo] ut jif{;Dd ! xhf/ $& lgj]bg sf/afxL x'g afFsL /x]sf]df of] jif{ $)^ lgj]bg
yk ePsf] 5 . !&$ lgj]bgsf] nut s§f e} ! xhf/ @&( afFsL /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
k|zf;sLo k'g/fjnf]sgaf6 ljjflbt ljifo 6'Ëf] nufPsf]df ljjfbnfO{ ;b/ jf ab/ u/]sf]
ljifo / /sd;lxtsf] clen]v cBfaLws u/]sf] b]lvPg . k|zf;sLo k'g/fjnf]sgaf6 of] jif{ 6'Ëf]
nfu]sf !&$ ljifodWo] n]vfk/LIf0fsf] qmddf k|fKt ljj/0f cWoog ubf{ %$ ljifodf s/bftf /fh:j
GofofwLs/0f uPsf]n] nut s§f u/]sf] 5 . To:t} !# ljifodf k'gM 5fglag u/L s/ lgwf{/0f ug]{ lg0f{o
ePsf], !$ ljifodf s/k/LIf0fs]f Joxf]/fnfO{ cf+lzs
;b/ u/]sf], && ljifodf k"0f{ ;b/ u/]sf] / & ljifodf j}b]lzs /f]huf/ Joj;foLsf] cfo n]vfÍg,
k'g/fj]bssf] dfucg';f/ sfof{nosf] s/k/LIf0f Joxf]/f Joj;fosf] l:sd k|j4{g vr{, ;Da4
ab/ u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . afFsL /x]sf ! xhf/ @&( sDkgLnfO{ e'QmfgL ePsf] Joj:yfkg
s/bftfsf] lgj]bg pk/ ;dod} lsgf/f nufpg'kb{5 . z'Ns, k|f]lehg ul/Psf vr{, Aofh vr{,
gf]S;fgL s§L, :jfldTj kl/jt{gdf
51. aSof}tf c;'nL –cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !)(, d"No sfg'gsf] kfngf, lgsfo laqmLsf] nfe
clej[l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] bkmf @! / cGtMz'Ns P]g, u0fgf, c:jfefljs vr{, ;Da4 kIfsf]
@)%* sf] bkmf !)-*_ df s/ aSof}tf c;'n ug]{ sf/f]af/, ;]o/sf] k'FhLut nfes/,
;DalGw Joj:yf 5 . cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefusf] jflif{s ;+:yfks ;]o/sf] d"NofÍg, ;+/rgf
k|ltj]bg cg';f/ ! nfv !^ xhf/ (&) s/bftfsf] s'n lgdf{0fdf s/, Kofs]h 6';{df d"No
aSof}tf -cfos/, d"No clej[l4 tyf cGo_ ?=! va{ $^ clej[l4, ;dfg'kflts s/ s§L, btf{
ca{ @! s/f]8 #@ nfv @^ xhf/ /x]sf]df ljefuaf6 :yug ubf{ q]ml86 ;dfof]hg, gkfpg]
@)&%.!).@! df k|fKt cfly{s ljj/0fdf ?=($ ca{ ^$ q]ml86, d"No clej[l4 s/ sf]ifsf] df}Hbft,
s/f]8 $( nfv dfq nut afFsL b]lvPsf]n] /fh:j u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{ d"No clej[l4 s/
lkmtf{, sk8f pBf]unfO{ bf]xf]/f] s/ lkmtf{,
aSof}tfsf] lx;fa oyfy{k/s b]lvPg . t;y{ aSof}tfsf] 58 / l;d]G6 pBf]usf] pTkfbgzLntf,
clen]v cBfalws ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 . aSof}tf pTkfbg kl/df0f Iflt bfaL, k}7f/Lsf]
;DaGwdf b]lvPsf cGo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M cGtMz'Ns q]ml86, Koflsª ;fdu|Ldf
51.1 cfos/tkm{sf] k'g/fj]bg guPsf s/bftfsf] ?=!% ca{ q]ml86, :jf:Yo ;]jf s/ nufotsf
!^ s/f]8 ^@ nfv / d"No clej[l4 s/tkm{ ?=!! ca{ !@ ljifoaf6 s/ c;'nLdf sdL cfPsf]n]
s/f]8 ($ nfv $) xhf/;d]t ?=@^ ca{ @( s/f]8 %^ 5fglag u/L 5'6 s/ tyf z'Ns c;'n
ug'{kb{5 .
nfv ljjfb/lxt s/ aSof}tf /x]sf]n] ;f] /sd c;'nLdf
tb?stf Nofpg'kb{5 .
51.2 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nosf] aSof}tf nut ?=*$ ca{ (! s/f]8 (% nfv /x]sf]df o; jif{ ?=@ ca{ *!
s/f]8 !$ nfv -#=#! k|ltzt_ dfq c;'n ug]{ nIo /fvL ?=! ca{ *! s/f]8 *) nfv -^% k|ltzt_
k|ult b]vfPsf] 5 . sfof{nosf] aSof}tf c;'nLsf] nIo lgwf{/0f ubf{ sfodL nuteGbf Go"g nIo
/fv]sf] 5 . ;a} aSof}tf c;'nL ug]{ u/L nIo lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
51.3 a9L aSof}tf /fVg]dWo] & s/bftfn] lgoldt sf/f]af/ ul//x] tfklg lghx?;Fu p7fpg'kg]{ aSof}tf
?=() s/f]8 &) nfv c;'n x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . To:t} cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, sfnLdf6L cGtu{tsf]
Ps ljb]zL gful/ssf] gfpFdf /x]sf] Ps l/lqmP;g ;]G6/;Fu ?=$$ s/f]8 ^^ nfv %( xhf/ /
cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, 6Ëfn cGt{utsf] ldq/fi6« rLgsf] Ps OlGhlgol/ª u|'k;Fu cfos/ ?=(
cy{ dGqfno
s/f]8 #( nfv %) xhf/ tyf d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=!# s/f]8 ^# nfv ^$ xhf/ ;d]t ?=@# s/f]8 #
nfv !$ xhf/ p7fpg afFsL b]lvPsf] 5 . s/bftfn] sf/f]af/ gu/L knfog ePsf] cj:yfdf
sfof{non] s/ lgwf{/0f u/] tfklg 7"nf] /sd p7fpg g;sL aSof}tf /xFbf s/k/LIf0f u'0f:t/Lo /
j:t'lgi7 b]lvPg .
51.4 ljleGg sfof{noaf6 !@ s/bftfsf] s/ lgwf{/0f u/L ?=@ ca{ $ s/f]8 !^ nfv aSof}tf sfod
u/]sf]df s/bftfn] cfo ljj/0f k]; gu/L knfog ePsf] cj:yfdf aSof}tf c;''nL ;DaGwL s'g}
sf/afxL gePaf6 ;f] /sd p7\g ;s]sf] 5}g .
51.5 dWod:t/Lo s/bftf sfof{nosf] Ps l/rfh{ sf8{ laqm]tfsf] ld;Dofr l/kf]{6af6 ?= &! s/f]8 !& nfv
s/ lgwf{/0f u/L nut sfod u/]sf] 5 . gg\kmfOn/ /x]sf] pQm s/bftfaf6 pNn]lvt aSof}tf ;fdfGo
k|lqmofaf6 c;'n x'g] cj:yf 5}g .
51.6 lgwf{l/t s/ /sd c;'nL] geO{ 7"nf] lx:;f Goflos lgsfodf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] 5 . k|rlnt sfg"gdf
s/ clws[tn] aSof}tf /x]sf] JolQmsf] rn crn ;DklQ sAhfdf lnO{ lnnfd u/L aSof}tf /sd c;'n
ug{ ;Sg], aSof}tf /x]sf] JolQmsf] a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf /x]sf] /sddfly bfaL ug{ ;Sg,] aSof}tf
/fVg] JolQm lj?4 cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ug{ ;Sg];Ddsf clwsf/ /x]sf 5g\ . aSof}tf c;'nLsf] nflu
kof{Kt sfg'gL Joj:yf /x]sf]df ;d]t c;'n x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ljjfb/lxt aSof}tf c;'nLsf] nflu
cfos/, d"No clej[l4 s/ sfg'gdf ePsf] Joj:yfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu s/bftfnfO{
tfs]tf, kqfrf/, vf]hlag, ;DklQ tyf a}Í vftf /f]Ssf, /fxbfgL /f]Ssf, ;DklQsf] lnnfd
laqmLnufotsf sfo{df ck]lIft ;lqmotfsf] sdL b]lvPsf] 5 . dftxtsf sfof{no;+u sfo{of]hgf /
sfof{Gjog cj:yfsf] hfgsf/L lnO{ oyf]lrt lgb]{zg lbg] sfo{df ljefun] ;d]t yk lqmofzLntf
b]vfpg h?/L 5 .
52. cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lsf] s/ – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !) -s_ df g]kfn ;/sf/ /
s'g} ljb]zL /fi6« jf cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;+:yfsf] aLrdf ePsf] låkIfLo jf ax'kIfLo ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfdf
pNn]v ePadf]lhd s/ 5'6sf] ;'ljwf kfpg]nfO{ dfq s/ 5'6 x'g] b]lvG5 . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] @#
km]a'|c/L !($^ sf] ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 klg ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf s"6g}lts sd{rf/Lafx]s cGo sd{rf/L tyf
k/fdz{bftfnfO{ s/ 5'6 x'g] b]lvFb}g . cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;+:yfsf To:tf sd{rf/L tyf k/fdz{bftfnfO{
nfUg] s/ bflvnf ug{ dGqfnon] !) cS6'a/ @)!& df /fi6«;+3sf] g]kfnl:yt k|ltlglwnfO{ kqfrf/
u/]sf] b]lvG5 . g]kfndf /x]sf o:tf cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;+:yfn] s"6g}lts ;'ljwf k|fKt u/] afx]ssf] e'QmfgL
/ ;f]sf] s/ bflvnfsf] ljj/0f cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefu;Fu @)&%.^.@* df dfu u/]sf]df k|fKt ePg .
dGqfnoaf6 ePsf] kl/kq tyf kqfrf/ pk/ ljefun] k|efjsf/L sbd grfNbf cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;+:yfdf
sfo{/t s"6g}lts ;'ljwf gkfpg] JolQmnfO{ e'QmfgL ePsf] /sddf nfUg] s/ k|fKt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
t;y{ tYofÍ ;Íng u/L ;f]af6 5'6 ePsf] /fh:j c;'nLdf tbf?stf Nofpg'kb{5 .
53. ljB'tLo Jofkf/df s/ – xfn ljZjdf ef}lts pkl:ylt a]u/ O{–sdz{ / l8lh6nfOh];gsf] dfWodaf6
x'g] Joj;fo a9\b} uPsf]] 5 . o;;DaGwL Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
53.1 ljZjsf x/]s d'n'sdf caf}{F 8n/df ljB'tLo Jofkf/ Joj;fo e}/x]sf] b]lvG5 . g]kfndf ;d]t b/fh,
d'G5f, ;:tf] l8n, 7"nf] 86 sd, d]/f] ls/fgf, ef6e6]gL cgnfOg, k'm8dfG8', d]6«f] t/sf/Lnufot
;fO6x?n] o:tf Joj;fo ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . o;}u/L g]kfnaf6 l;w} clnafaf,
cd]hgnufotsf cGt/f{li6«o O–sdz{ ;fO6x?df k|j]z u/L :jb]z jf ljb]zaf6 sf/f]af/ u/L j:t'
tyf ;]jf k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . :jb]zaf6 x'g] sf/f]af/sf] nflu 5'§} Jofj;flos sf]8 gePsf]n] cg''udg
ug{ sl7gfO 5 eg] ljb]zL ;fO6x? k|of]u u/L :jb]z÷ljb]zaf6 sf/f]af/ ubf{ tL ;+:yf g]kfndf btf{
gePsf] sf/0fn] ;f] Jofj;flos sf/f]af/ s/sf] bfo/fdf cfPsf] b]lvPg .
53.2 km];a''s, d];]Gh/, efOa/, Odf], Xjf6\; Pknufotsf ;fdflhs ;~hfndfkm{t ul/g] lj1fkgsf]
dfWodaf6 klg /fHosf] 7"nf] wg/flz ljb]lzPsf] cj:yf 5 . o:tf ;fdflhs ;~hfn g]kfndf btf{
gePsf] / g]kfnaf6 j}wflgs?kdf tL ;fO6 ;~rfnsnfO{ e'QmfgL ug]{ k]d]G6 u]6j] ;d]t gePsf]n]

cy{ dGqfno
:jb]z tyf ljb]zdf /x]sf JolQm jf Joj;foLn] k]l6Pd, k]kfn, qm]l86 sf8{nufotsf cGt/f{li6«o
ljB'tLo e'QmfgL dfWod k|of]u u/L ;DalGwt ;fO6sf ;~rfnsnfO{ /sd e'QmfgL u/]kl5 lj1fkg
cknf]8 x'g] u/]sf] 5 . o;/L cknf]8 x'g] lj1fkg z'Ns lj1fkg x]/]sf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt ;f]l;on
;fO6 ;~rfnsn] lj1fkg z'Ns c;'n ub{5g\ . pQm lj1fkg ;]jf g]kfndf k|bfg u/]sf]n] s/sf] ;|f]t
l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df ljb]zdf sf/f]af/ ePklg g]kfndf s/ ltg'{kg]{ x'G5 . o;k|sf/sf] sf/f]af/ klxrfg
x'g g;s]sf] / To:tf ;f]l;on ;fO6 g]kfndf btf{ gePs]fn] o; sf/f]af/af6 /fHonfO{ s/ k|fKt x'g
;s]sf] 5}g . To:tf ;fO6nfO{ s/sf] bfo/fdf Nofpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
53.3 l8lh6n Joj;fonfO{ s/ nufpg] ;DaGwdf cfly{s ;xof]u tyf ljsf; ;+u7g, o'/f]lkog
o'lgognufotaf6 kof{Kt cWoog ePsf] b]lvG5 . o'/f]lkog o'lgogn] ;g\ @)!% b]lv 6]lnsDo'lgs];g
;Knfo;{, ;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f / On]lS6«f]lgs ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] u}/afl;GbfnfO{ ;d]t d"No clej[[l4 s/
nufpg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . ;le{of, tfOjfg / rLgn] d"No clej[l4 s/sf] bfo/fnfO{ l8lh6n
;Knfo;{;Dd lj:tf/ u/]sf] 5 . rLg, dn]l;of / yfONof08n] l8lh6n cfodf ;d]t s/ nufpg] u/L
sfg'g th'{df u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfndf O–sdz{sf] s/ lgwf{/0f;DaGwL ;+/rgf, gLlt lgod / sfg'gL
Joj:yfsf] cefjdf o:tf] sf/f]af/ eP tfklg s/ k|zf;gsf] bfo/fdf NofO{{ Joj;foLn] s/ ltg]{ u/]sf]
kfOFb}g . o:tf] sf/f]af/af6 k|fKt x'g ;Sg] s/ /sd ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 cWoog;d]t
ePsf] b]lvFb}g .
O{ sdz{af6 x'g] Jofkf/nfO{ s/sf] bfo/fdf Nofpg, P]g, lgod, ;+/rgf / k"Jff{wf/ tof/ ug]{ /
tT;DaGwL 1fg, ;Lk, Ifdtf clej[l4 ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . cGt/f{li6«o?kdf O{–sdz{ ;~rfng ug]{
Joj;foLnfO{ g]kfndf btf{ ug'{kg]{ sfg'gL Joj:yf ldnfpg] jf :yfoL ;+:yfkgsf] kl/efiffnfO{
kl/dfh{g u/L lgsfo h;n] ef}lts pkl:ylt a]u/ g} cGo b]zx?af6 Joj;fo u/]sf] cj:yfdf ;d]t
:yfoL ;+:yfkg dfGg ;lsg] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . To:tf sDkgLsf] cfDbfgL / s/fwf/nfO{
Jofj;flos lqmofsnfk ;Dkfbg ePsf] :yfgsf] cfwf/df afF8kmfF8 ug]{ jf :yfgut cfDbfgL k|flKtsf]
cfwf/df afF8kmfF8 ug]{ ljsNk k|of]u u/L sfg'g ;+zf]wg x'g'kb{5 . o; ;DaGwdf cf]Ol;8Ln] tof/
u/]sf] s/fwf/ IfoLs/0f tyf gfkmf x:tfGt/0fsf] sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 . ;f] cfwf/df /fh:j
;Íng Joj:yf ldnfpg cGt/f{li6«o :t/df kxn ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
54. j}b]lzs cWoogdf lzIff ;]jf z'Ns – cfly{s P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf * sf] pkbkmf !* df ljb]zdf
cWoog ug{ hfg] ljBfyL{nfO{ lzIf0f z'Nsafkt ljb]zL d'b|fsf] ;6xL ;'ljwf lbFbf o:tf] ;6xL /sddf
! k|ltzt lzIff ;]jf z'Ns nufO{ c;'n ug]{ Joj:yf /x]sf]df cfly{s P]g, @)&% n] @ k|ltzt
k'¥ofPsf] 5 . ldq/fi6« ef/tdf cWoog ug]{ ljBfyL{af6 o:tf] lzIff ;]jf z'Ns c;'n ePsf] 5}g .
lqe''jg ljZjljBfnosf] clen]vcg';f/ ljleGg ;+sfodf % xhf/ (#! ljBfyL{n] ef/tdf uO{ :gfts
txsf] cWoog u/]kl5 of] jif{ ;dsIftf k|df0fkq lnPsf] b]lvG5 . o;}u/L kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6
k|fKt ljj/0fdf ef/tdf cWoog u/L of] jif{ !) sIff / !@ sIff pQL0f{ ug]{ * xhf/ $(# ljBfyL{n]
of] jif{ ;dsIftf k|df0fkq lnPsf] b]lvG5 .
pQm ljj/0f cg';f/ ! jif{sf] cjlwdf tL ljBfyL{n] ef/tsf ljBfno / ljZjljBfnodf lt/]sf]
cf};t lzIf0f z'Nssf] cfwf/df Go"gtd ?=^ ca{ @& s/f]8 %@ nfv &% xhf/ lzIf0f z'Ns vr{ x'g]
b]lvG5 . pQm /sdsf] ! k|ltztn] u0fgf ubf{ klg ?=^ s/f]8 @& nfv %@ xhf/ /fh:j c;'n
gePsf] cj:yf 5 . t;y{ ef/tdf cWoog ug]{ ljBfyL{, lghx?n] e'QmfgL u/]sf] lzIf0f z'Nssf]
clen]v /fVg] ;+oGqsf] ljsf; u/L /fh:j c;'nLsf] bfo/f a9fpg'kb{5 .
55. Do'r'on km08sf] s/ bfloTj – cfos/ P]g @)%* sf] cg';"rL !-@_ cg';f/ ljQLo ;+:yf jf o:tf
lgsfosf] s/ of]Uo cfodf #) k|ltzt s/ nfUg] Joj:yf 5 . P]gsf] bkmf **-$_ -ª_ n] ;fd"lxs
nufgL sf]ifdf clu|d s/ s§L ug'{ gkg{] Joj:yf u/]tfklg o:tf lgsfonfO{ s/ 5'6 x'g] b]lvFb}g .
lwtf]kq Joj;foLn] oL lgsfodf /x]sf] lxt lg;u{ ubf{ clu|ds/ s§L gu/]sf] / cflh{t gfkmf
;DalGwt sf]ifsf wgLaLr afF8kmfF8 ubf{ ;d]t s/ s§f gu/]sf] cj:yf 5 . ldq/fi6« ef/tdf o:tf
Do'r'o\n km08nfO{ cfos/ gnfu] klg ;f]sf] k|lt:yfkgsf] ?kdf sf/f]af/df cfwfl/t s/ nufPsf] 5 .
t/ g]kfndf o:tf Do'r'on km08n] cfˆgf] cfh{gdf #) k|ltzt s/ ltg'{kg]{df & Do'r'on km08x?
cy{ dGqfno
cfos/df btf{ gePsf / nfUg] s/ klg bflvnf gu/]sf]n] ljefun] sf/f]af/stf{sf] sf/f]af/ If]q
klxrfg u/L tL lgsfosf] @)&!.&@, @)&@.&# / @)&#.&$ sf] gfkmf ?=@ ca{ #& s/f]8 &# nfvdf
nfUg] s/ ?=&! s/f]8 !# nfv *$ xhf/ ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
56. 8] $ ljj/0f – cfos/ P]g, @)%* bkmf (& -@_ adf]lhd s/ ltg]'{kg]{ st{Jo ePsf] k|fs[lts JolQmn]
s'g} cfo jif{df $) nfv ?k}+ofFeGbf a9L cfo ePdf ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf (^ adf]lhd ;DalGwt cfGtl/s
/fh:j sfof{nodf cfly{s jif{ lat]sf] tLg dlxgfleq cfo ljj/0f a'emfpg'kb{5 . To;sf nflu
cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefun] 8] $ kmf/fdsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/
5g\M
56.1 cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefun] nfu" u/]sf] ?=$) nfveGbf a9L cfDbfgL x'g] k|fs[lts JolQmn] k]; ug]{ 8] $
sf] ljj/0fdf s'n cfodf 36fpg kfpg] s'n cfo 36fO{ sfod x''g] v'b cfodf s/ u0fgf ug]{ 5'§}
cg';"rL;d]t ;dfj]z 5}g . v'b cfo lgwf{/0f ubf{ 36fpg kfpg] cfosf] k|s[ltcg';f/sf] ljj/0fsf]
Joj:yf u/]sf] 5}g . s/bftfn] /fh:j n]vf k|0ffnLdf clu|d s/af6 bflvnf u/]sf] s/ tyf :yfoL
n]vf gDa/ut ?kdf bflvnf ePsf] s/af6 ;d]t dfly pNn]v ePcg';f/ s/bftfn] 3f]if0ff u/]sf]
cfo / ;f]df nfUg] s/ Pj+ s/ bflvnfsf] l:ylt le8fg x'g] cj:yf 5}g .
56.2 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no nlntk'/ ! df 8] $ ljj/0f k]; u/]sf !#( dWo] (& s/bftfn] @)&#.&$
df v'b cfo ?=(& s/f]8 *@ nfv b]vfPsf 5g\ . tL dWo] #% s/bftfn] ?=!! s/f]8 !( nfv s/
bflvnf ug'{kg]{df clu|d s/ / :yfoL n]vf gDa/ut k|ltj]bg adf]lhd ?=^ s/f]8 &% nfv dfq
bflvnf u/]sf] b]lvPsf]n] ?=$ s/f]8 $# nfv 36L s/ bflvnf u/]sf] b]lvg cfPsf] 5 .
t;y{ /fh:j k|zf;gn] cjnDag u/]sf] of] k4ltdf k'g/fjnf]sg u/L 3f]if0ff cg';f/sf]
/sddf nfUg] s/ bflvnf eP gePsf] olsg u/L afFsL s/bftfsf] l:ylt;d]t olsg u/L c;'nLdf
k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg'kb{5 .
57. ;"rgf k|ljlw – s/ k|0ffnLnfO{ k|ljlw d}qL agfpg] p2]Zon] ;'b[9 ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ug]{ gLlt
/x]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
57.1 s/bftfnfO{ If]qut ?kdf ljefhg u/L Ps} k|s[ltsf s/bftfsf] s'n gfkmf k|zf;lgs vr{sf] k|s[lt
Pj+ ahf/ ljsf; tyf dfs]{l6ª vr{nufotsf ljifox? t'ngfTds cWoog ug{ ;lsg] u/L ;"rgf
k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t tYofÍ k|0ffnL ljsf; ePsf] kfOPg . To:t} s/bftfn] d"No clej[l4 s/df lg/Gt/
qm]l86 ljj/0f lbFbf, z"Go ljj/0f lbFbf, cfos/df sf/f]af/sf] t'ngfdf Go"g gfkmf jf gf]S;fgL b]vfpFbf
s/bftf / s/ k|zf;gnfO{ PsLs[t s/ k|0ffnLn] cg''udg gubf{ ;Dd /ftf] ;+s]t lbg] Joj:yfsf]
th'{df ug{ h?/L 5 .
57.2 s/bftfn] k]; u/]sf] ljj/0f ?h' e};s]kl5 ;DalGwt s/bftf tyf s/ sfof{non] ;d]t ;+zf]wg ug{
g;Sg] x'G5 . cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no sf:sLsf $ s/bftfsf] ljQLo tyf vl/b laqmLsf] ljj/0fdf
pNn]v ePsf ;fx' tyf cf;fdL / n]vfk/LIf0fsf] qmddf pQm ljj/0f lk|G6 ubf{ ;fx'sf] cf;fdL /
cf;fdLsf] ;fx' eO{ km/s k/]sf] 5 . tL s/bftfsf] kmfOn s/k/LIf0f ePsf]df tYofÍ km/s k/]sf]
ljifodf s'g} Joxf]/f pNn]v gu/L] s/bftfsf] s/bfloTjdf k/]sf] c;/ ;DaGwdf k|ltj]bgdf v'nf;f
u/]sf] 5}g .
57.3 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, 7d]ncGtu{tsf Ps kmfd]{;Ln] @)&@.&# sf] cfo ljj/0f @)&#.(.@* df
k]; u/]sf] / ;f]xL ldltdf sfof{non] ?h' u/]sf] 5 . n]vfk/LIf0fdf k]; ePsf] ljQLo tyf vl/b
laqmLsf] ljj/0fdf !# cf;fdLaf6 ?=%^ nfv ! xhf/ lng afFsL /x]sf] / !@ ;fx'nfO{ ?=@& nfv %
xhf/ ltg{ afFsL /x]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . t/ n]vfk/LIf0fsf] qmddf @)&%.%.@& df ljQLo tyf vl/b
laqmLsf] ljj/0f lk|G6 ubf{ !@ cf;fdLaf6 ?=@& nfv lng afFsL /x]sf] / !% ;fx'nfO{ ?=^) nfv (%
xhf/ ltg{ afFsL b]vfPsf] 5 .
s/bftfn] k]; u/]sf] ljQLo tyf vl/b laqmLsf] ljj/0f km/s k/]sf] ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L
s/ bfloTjdf k/]sf] c;/ olsg ul/g'kb{5 .
cy{ dGqfno
58. ;~rfnsaf6 C0f – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !!v= df /fli6«o dxTjsf cfof]hgf nufot #))
eGbf a9L :jb]zL sfdbf/nfO{ /f]huf/L lbg], %) k|ltzteGbf a9L :jb]zL sRrf kbfy{ k|of]u ug]{
pBf]uafx]s cGoq nufgL u/]sf]df nufgLsf] ;|f]t rflxg] Joxf]/f pNn]v 5 . cfGtl/s /fh:j
ljefusf] @)^(.(.@( sf] kl/kqaf6 ;d]t ;~rfnsaf6 k|fKt ;fk6Lsf] /sd a}Ídfk{mt k|fKt x'g'kg]{,
;fk6Lsf] ;|f]t olsg u/L ;fk6L nufgLsf] /sddf sfg'gcg';f/ s/ bflvnf eP gePsf] ljZn]if0f
ug'{kg]{ pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . lg/Gt/ 3f6fdf /x]sf] 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nosf Ps s/bftfn] ?=$( s/f]8
#! nfv ;Dd ;~rfnsaf6 ;fk6L lnPsf] ;DaGwdf P]gsf] bkmf (&-@_ cg';f/ cfo ljj/0f bflvnf
u/L nfUg] s/ lt/]kl5sf] cfh{gaf6 nufgL u/] gu/]sf] 5fglag u/]sf] b]lvPg . t;y{ o;k|sf/ ePsf]
;fk6L sf/f]af/af6 s/ bfloTjdf k/]sf] c;/ 5fglag ug'{kb{5 .
59. ;fdflhs ;'/Iff s/ – ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sf]if-Joj:yfkg tyf ;~rfng_ lgodfjnL, @)^& df
;fdflhs ;'/Iff sf]ifn] of]ubfgstf{x?nfO{ kl/rokq k|bfg ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . pBf]u, Joj;fo / ;]jfsf]
sf/f]af/ ug]{ s/bftfx?n] /f]huf/bftfaf6 tna eQf nufotsf ljleGg ;'ljwf e'QmfgL ubf{ ;fdflhs
;'/Iff sf]ifsf] kl/rokqa]u/ ;fdflhs ;'/Iffs/ s§f u/L kfl/>lds e'QmfgL u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o; jif{
;fdflhs ;'/Iff s/ ?=% ca{ ( s/f]8 && nfv ;Íng ePsf] 5 . dfl;s ?kdf e'QmfgL x'g]
kfl/>ldsdf s/ Pj+ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff s/ s§L gug]{ / s§L u/]tfklg cf+lzs ug]{, s§L u/]sf] s/ l9nf
bflvnf ug]{, clwsf+z s/ /sd jiff{Gtdf jf cfo ljj/0f k]; ubf{ hDdf ug]{, jif{sf] cGtdf sd{rf/L
tyf sfdbf/sf] ;+Vof a9fpg] u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . sfg'gsf] Joj:yfcg';f/ :yfoL n]vf gDa/,
;fdflhs ;'/Iff sf]if kl/rokq, sd{rf/L sfdbf/sf] ljj/0f Pj+ kfl/>lds /sd a}Ídfkm{t e'QmfgL
lbnfpg] ljifodf lgoGq0fd"ns k4ltsf] Joj:yf ckgfpg'kb{5 . o;;DaGwL Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
59.1 dWod:t/Lo s/bftf sfof{nocGtu{tsf Ps qmfˆ6 pBf]un] @)&#.&$ df ($ sd{rf/Lsf] tna ?=!
s/f]8 &! nfv $% xhf/ vr{ n]v]kl5 Hofnf afkt gfd gfd];L gv'nfO{ ?=@! s/f]8 #( nfv %%
xhf/ vr{ n]v]sf] 5 . o:tf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ !@ dlxgf g} sfddf nufO{ bz} vr{;d]t e'tmfgL lbP
tfklg lgo'ltm, :yfoL n]vf g+Da/ lnPsf] ljj/0f k]; gu/]sf] / ;a}sf] ?=$ nfveGbf Go"g cfo b]vfO{
;fdflhs ;'/Iff s/ /sd @)&$.^.! df bflvnf u/]sf]n] yk 5fglag u/L Hofnf vr{sf] jf:tljstf
olsg ug'{kb{5 .
59.2 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no,rfalxnsf] If]qflwsf/sf $ s/bftfn] @)&#.&$ df ?=&# s/f]8 ** nfv
laqmL ubf{ ?=$# s/f]8 #$ nfv ** xhf/ Hofnf vr{ n]v]sf 5g\ . sf/f]af/sf] t'ngfdf a9L
sd{rf/L, sfdbf/ b]vfO{ Hofnf tyf tna vr{ n]vL ;f]df nfUg] ! k|ltzt ;fdflhs ;'/Iff s/sf]
##=%% k|ltzt cfo ljj/0f a'emfpFbf dfq bflvnf u/L vr{ bfaL u/]sf] b]lvof] . o;k|sf/ s/bftfsf]
jf:tljs vr{ ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L s/ bfloTjdf k/]sf] c;/ ;d]t olsg x'g'kb{5 .
60. ld;Dofr – s/bftfx?n] cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf (^ adf]lhd cfo ljj/0f k]; ubf{ cg';"rL !#
;fy ?=% nfveGbf a9Lsf] vl/b÷laqmL÷cf;fdL÷;fx'sf] ljj/0f clgjfo{ ?kdf k]; ug'{kb{5 . Ps
s/bftfn]] b]vfPsf] / ;DalGwt csf]{ s/bftfn] b]vfPsf] lng' lbg'kg]{ /sd Ps cfk;df le8fg
x'g'kb{5 / le8fg gePdf s/ k/LIf0f ubf{ s/bftfsf] oyfy{ s/ bfloTj klxrfg ug'{kb{5 . o;/L
le8fg gePsf] sf/0f /fh:j c;'nLdf c;/ k/]sf] s]xL pbfx/0f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
60.1 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, kf]v/fsf Ps s/bftfn] @)&#.&$ df csf]{ Ps s/bftf;Fu ?=! s/f]8 $^
nfv @@ xhf/sf] ;fdu|L vl/b u/]sf] b]vfO{, d"No clej[l4 s/ lkmtf{ lnPsf]df k|:t't s/bftfn] Ps
/]i6'/]06sf] ;§f csf]{ 6«]8;{sf] gfdaf6 jflif{s ?=$& nfvsf] laqmL b]vfO{ sf/f]af/sf] cfo n]vfÍg
gu/]sf]n] b'j} s/bftfsf] sf/f]af/ 5fglag u/L nfUg] s/ ?=%% nfv %% xhf/ / z'Ns ;d]t lgwf{/0f
u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
60.2 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, sn+sLsf Ps s/bftfn] @)&#.&$ df ?=# s/f]8 (! nfv laqmL cfo
b]vfPsf]df Ps} s/bftfn] ?=% s/f]8 $) nfvsf]] vl/b u/]sf]n] cGo s/bftfnfO{ b]vfPsf] laqmL
;d]tdf 5fglag u/L 5'6 ePsf] ?=! s/f]8 $( nfvdf cfos/ / d"No clej[l4 s/ ;d]t ?=%^ nfv
^! xhf/df z'Ns ;d]t c;'n ug{ s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
cy{ dGqfno
60.3 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, jL/uGhsf Ps s/bftfn] @)&@.&# df ?=! s/f]8 !% nfvsf]] laqmL
sf/f]af/af6 ?=%& nfv %) xhf/ cfo b]vfPsf] 5 . t/ of] s/bftf;Fu csf{] Ps Unf; pBf]un] ?=#
s/f]8 (! nfvsf] vl/b b]vfPsf] 5 . Pp6} s/bftfnfO{ u/]sf] laqmL dfq klg cfo ljj/0fdf ;dfj]z
gu/]sf]n] yk 5fglag u/L nfUg] s/ ?=$* nfv &% xhf/df z'Ns ;d]t c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
60.4 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, afnfh'sf Ps s/bftfn] g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fsf] @)&#.&$ sf] vl/b
ljj/0faf6 o; s/bftf;Fu ?=$ s/f]8sf] vl/b b]vfPsf]df s/bftfn] ?=@ s/f]8 $@ nfvdfq laqmL
b]vfPsf]n] km/s ?=! s/f]8 %* nfvnfO{ s/ of]Uo cfodf ;dfj]z u/L nfUg] s/ ?=#( nfv %)
xhf/df z'Ns ;d]t 5fglag u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
60.5 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, k'tnL;8ssf Ps s/bftfn] csf]{ Ps l;lkª P08 Po/ nlhl:6s
sDkgLnfO{ @)&#.&$ df ?=% s/f]8 $) nfvsf] laqmL / ;f]xL /sd lng'kg]{ u/L cfo ljj/0f k];
u/]sf]df of] s/bftfn] s'g} vl/b P+j laqmLsf] sf/f]af/ gu/]sf] ljj/0f k]; u/]sf] b]lvof] . Ps}
s/bftf;+u dfq s/f]8f}sf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ s/bftfn] vl/b laqmL sf/f]af/ gb]vfPsf]n] 5fglag u/L nfUg]
s/ ?=! s/f]8 #% nfv c;'n ug{ s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
61. sf/f]af/df cfwfl/t -8]!_ ljj/0f — d"No clej[l4 s/ lgodfjnL, @)%# sf] lgod ^ df ljut !@
dlxgfdf j:t'sf] xsdf ?= %) nfv / j:t' tyf ;]jf ldl>t sf/f]af/ ug]{n] ?=@) nfveGbf a9Lsf]
sf/f]af/ d"No clej[l4 s/df btf{ x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . s/bftfx?n] k]; u/]sf] cg';"rL !# Pj+
ld;Dofr l/kf]6{sf]] cfwf/df w/fg, lj/f6gu/, l;d/f, x]6f}F8f, e}/xjfnufotsf ( cfGtl/s /fh:j
sfof{nosf !@ s/bftfn] cfo jif{ @)&@.&# / @)&#.&$ df ljleGg s/bftf;Fu ?=@) nfvb]lv ?=!
s/f]8 && nfv;Dd vl/b laqmL u/L s'n ?=^ s/f]8 ^) nfv sf/f]af/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm vl/b ug]{
s/bftf d"No clej[l4 s/df btf{ geO{ 8] ! sf] ljj/0f k]; u/]sf] b]lvof] . d"No clej[l4 s/ nfUg]
;LdfeGbf a9L /sddf nfUg] d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=%$ nfv / cfos/ ?=! s/f]8 ^% nfv;d]t ?=@
s/f]8 !( nfvdf Aofh, yk b:t'/ tyf hl/afgf ;d]t 5fglag u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 . o:tf] km/s cfo
b]vfpg] cGo s/bftfsf] sf/f]af/nfO{ ;d]t 5fglag u/L nfUg] s/ olsg ug'{kb{5 .
62. ljj/0f ga''emfpg] -gg\kmfOn/_ s/bftf – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf (^ adf]lhd k|To]s AolQmn]
cfo jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] # dlxgfleq bkmf (&, (* / !)) sf] clwgdf /xL cfo ljj/0f bflvnf
ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
62.1 d"No clej[l4 s/ ljj/0fdf b]vfPsf] laqmLaf6 dfq !! cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{nocGtu{t /x]sf (&
s/bftfsf] cfo jif{ @)^(.&) b]lv @)&#.&$ ;Ddsf] sf/f]af/ ?=% ca{ %! s/f]8 ^( nfv b]lvPsf]
5 . tL s/bftfsf] sf/f]af/df lgu/fgL /fvL s/ lgwf{/0f ug]{tkm{ cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{noaf6
k|efjsf/L sbd rfn]sf] b]lvPsf] 5}g . cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf !& cg';f/
sf/f]af/df cfwfl/t s/ )=&% k|ltztnfO{ cfwf/ lnFbf ;d]t Go"gtd nfUg] s/ ?=$ s/f]8 !# nfv
;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
62.2 cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf & cg';f/ Joj;fo ;~rfngaf6 ePs]f d'gfkmf / nfe ;f] JolQmsf] ;f]
jif{sf] cfo x'g] Joj:yf 5 . cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, x]6f}F8fsf Ps s/bftfsf] @)&@.&# df clGtd
df}Hbftdf ?=! s/f]8 !( nfv %* xhf/ /x]sf]df tTkZrft\ s/bftfn] sf/f]af/ 5f8L knfog ePsf]
cj:yfdf pQm df}Hbftdf d"No clej[l4 *=@% k|ltzt yk ubf{ x'g] ?=! s/f]8 @( nfv $% xhf/
laqmL cfo sfod u/L nfUg] s/ ?=@( nfv *( xhf/, z'Ns tyf Aofh ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L c;'n
ug'{kb{5 .
62.3 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, lj/f6gu/cGtu{tsf # 6«]8;{ / ;Knfo;{n] @)&#.&$ df ?=! ca{ ( s/f]8
!$ nfvsf] cn}FrL nufotsf ;fdfg lgof{t u/]sf] eG;f/ tYofÍaf6 b]lvP tfklg tL s/bftfx?n]
cfo ljj/0f e/L nfUg] s/ bflvnf u/]sf 5}gg\ . cGt/ lgsfo ;dGjo u/L 5'6 ePsf] s/ c;'nLsf]
sfo{ klg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf !& cg';f/ sf/f]af/df cfwfl/t

cy{ dGqfno
s/ )=&% k|ltzt cg';f/sf] Go"gtd nfUg] s/ ?=*! nfv *% xhf/ ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L s/
lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
62.4 dWod:t/Lo s/bftf sfof{nosf jfo';]jf;Fu ;DalGwt Ps s/bftf;Fu @)&#.&$ df $ JolQmn] ?=$
s/f]8 #^ nfvsf] xjfO{ l6s6 vl/b ubf{ ;d]t :yfoL n]vf gDa/ lnPsf] 5}g . ltgLx?sf] cGo cfo
;d]t 5fglag u/]/ bfo/feGbf aflx/sf] sf/f]af/df ?=! s/f]8 ( nfv nfUg] s/ lgwf{/0f ug{'kb{5 .
63. lrlsT;ssf] kfl/>lds s/ – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf *-@_ n] /f]huf/bftfaf6 s'g} cfo jif{df
Hofnf, tna, cltl/Qm ;do sfd u/]afktsf] z'Ns, sld;g / cGo ;'ljwfafktsf] /sdnfO{
kfl/>ldsdf u0fgf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . 7"nf lghL c:ktfnx?n] lrlsT;s tyf cGo kbflwsf/LnfO{
c:ktfndf sfd u/]afktsf] kfl/>ldsnfO{ k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] ?kdf vr{ n]vL !% k|ltzt clu|d s/ s§f
u/]sf] 5 . c:ktfnaf6 k|fKt /sdnfO{ cfodf b]vfO{ cfo ljj/0f bflvnf ug]{ k/fdz{bftf lrlsT;sn]
c:ktfndf ;]jf lbFbf cGo ;|f]t ;fwg / ;xof]uL sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] /sd c:ktfnn] g} Joxf]{g]
cj:yfdf k'gM k/fdz{ k|bfg ug]{ lrlsT;sn] cfk"mn] 5'§} sd{rf/L /fv]sf] pNn]v u/L vr{ bfaL u/]sf]
b]lvG5 .
;DalGwt c:ktfnsf] ;fdu|L, ef}lts k"jf{wf/ / ;xof]uL hgzlQm k|of]u u/L /f]huf/Lsf]
x}l;otaf6 kfl/>lds k|fKt u/]sf] cj:yfdf cGo vr{ bfaL ug{ ldNg] b]lvFb}g . t;y{ ;f] ;DaGwdf
yk 5fglag u/L c:ktfnaf6 k|fKt cfo dfq b]vfO{ cfo ljj/0f k]; ug]{ cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no,
lqk'/]Zj/, sf:sL, rfjlxn, nlntk'/ nufot ^ sfof{nosf ^% s/bftfn] @)&#.&$ df bfaL u/]sf]
;xof]uL 8fS6/, pks/0fnufotsf cGo vr{ ?=@^ s/f]8 !@ nfv cdfGo u/L k|fKt /sddf P]gsf]
cg';"rL !-!_ cg';f/ nfUg] s/ ?=% s/f]8 @@ nfvdf z'Ns / Aofh;d]t u0fgf u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
64. s/sf] b/ – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] cg';"rL ! df sf/f]af/sf] k|s[ltcg';f/ nfUg] s/sf] b/ tf]lsPsf] 5 .
o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
64.1 cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] cg';"rL ! adf]lhd dlb/f, lao/ tyf o:t} k|sf/sf j:t' pTkfbg tyf laqmL
ug]{ lgsfonfO{ #) k|ltztsf b/n] s/ nfUg] Joj:yf 5 . 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nosf Ps s/bftfn]
@)&).&! df dlb/f;Fu ;DalGwt sRrf kbfy{ -dlb/f ˆn]j/_ laqmL u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm ˆn]j/
pTkfbg tyf laqmL ug]{ lgsfosf] xsdf #) k|ltztn] s/ c;'n ug'{kg]{df @% k|ltztsf] b/n] c;'n
u/]af6 gk'u % k|ltztn] x'g] ?=@ s/f]8 &% nfv %! xhf/ / ;f]df nfUg] z'Ns tyf Aofh;d]t
5fglag u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
64.2 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfo{no, rfalxncGtu{tsf Ps ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] ;+:yfsf] p2]ZoeGbf aflx/ uO{
@)&@.&# df hUuf vl/b Pj+ laqmL u/]sf]n] ;f] sf/f]af/ Jofj;flos sf/f]af/ ePsf] b]lvG5 .
s/bftfn] s'n gfkmf ?= & s/f]8 ^& nfvdf @% k|ltzt s/ ltg'{kg]{df @) k|ltztdfq lt/]sf]n] gk''u
% k|ltztn] x'g] ?=#* nfv #^ xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
65. cjsfz e'QmfgL – cfos/ P]g @)%* sf] bkmf ^% -@_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+zdf lxtflwsf/Lsf]
of]ubfg gx'g] sf]ifaf6 ePsf] e'QmfgLnfO{ :jLs[t glnPsf] cjsf; sf]ifdf /x]sf] lxtafktsf] nfe
gdflgg] Joj:yf 5 . of] ljifonfO{ cfos/ lgb]{lzsf, @)^* sf] pbfx/0f !@=$=$ n] :ki6 u/L o:tf]
sf]ifaf6 ePsf] e'QmfgLDff cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf **-!_ cg';f/ !% k|ltztsf b/n] clu|d s§f
ul/g] / o:tf] s/ clGtd ?kdf s/ s§L x'g] pNn]v 5 . gful/s nufgL sf]ifn] ;~rfng u/]sf]
gg\slG6«Jo'6/L km08af6 @)&$.&% df e'QmfgL ubf{ pko'{Qm sfg'gL Joj:yfcg';f/ e'QmfgLdf !%
k|ltztn] s/ s§L ug'{kg]{df % k|ltztdfq s6\6f u/]sf]n] $# sDkgLsf @!^ JolQmaf6 ?=!) s/f]8
(@ nfv &^ xhf/df z'Ns / Aofh;d]t c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
66. e'QmfgLdf s/ – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf ** / *( df e'QmfgL ubf{ s} ;dodf clu|d s/ s§L
ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf s]xL Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
66.1 s/bftfx?n] ljleGg JolQm tyf cfk"t{saf6 vl/b u/]sf] cn}FrL, lrof, l6d'/, ;'7f]nufotsf
;fdfgx?sf] ljj/0fsf] v'nf;f gu/]sf] / vl/b ubf{ cg';"rL !# df vl/bstf{sf] ljj/0f e/]sf] b]lvPg .
cy{ dGqfno
To:tf cfk"t{saf6 ?=@) nfveGbf sdsf] 6'qmf6'qmfdf vl/b u/]sf] cj:yfdf tL cfk"t{s s/sf]
bfo/fdf gcfPsf] ljifodf s/ k|zf;gaf6 5fglag ePsf] 5}g . s/sf] bfo/fdf g/x]sf o:tf
JolQm;Fu vl/b sf/f]af/ ubf{ 7]Ssf jf s/f/sf] e'QmfgLdf s§L ug'{kg]{ clu|d s/ ;d]t s§L gu/]sf]n]
o:tf] Jofj;flos sf/f]af/df s/ 5'6]sf] 5 . cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no eb|k'/, w/fg, 7d]nnufot %
sfof{nosf @$ s/bftf;Fu @)&).&! b]lv @)&$.&% ;Dd lrof, cn}FrL, ;'7f], 5'kL{ vl/b ?=# ca{ ^*
s/f]8 %$ nfvdf !=% k|ltztn] e'QmfgLdf s§L ug'{kg]{ clu|d s/ ?=% s/f]8 %# nfv c;'n u/L
o:tf s/bftfnfO{ s/sf] bfo/fdf Nofpg'kb{5 .
66.2 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no dxf/fhuGh, lqk'/]Zj/, k'tnL;8s, 7d]n / dWod:t/Lo s/bftf
sfof{nosf @# x]nL rf6{8{ tyf /]:so' ug]{ s/bftfn] @)&#.&$ df ;d:ofdf k/]sf ko{6snfO{ p4f/
ug{ lnPsf] x]lnsf]K6/ ef8fdf ?= ^^ s/f]8 @@ nfv ^^ xhf/ e'QmfgL ubf{ clu|d s/ s§L u/]sf]
b]lvPg . t;y{ o; ;DaGwdf yk 5fglag u/L e'QmfgL ePsf] /sddf !=% k|ltztsf b/n] nfUg] s/
?=(( nfv #$ xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
66.3 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, dxf/fhuGhcGtu{t Ps s/bftfn] 3/ axfnafkt @)&#.&$ / @)&$.&%
df ?=^ s/f]8 #$ nfv () xhf/ vr{ n]v]sf]df axfn s/ s§L u/]sf] gb]lvFbf !) k|ltztn] x'g]
?=^# nfv $( xhf/ / cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no nlntk'/–! sf] Ps s/bftfn] @)&!.&@ df e'QmfgL
ug{ afFsL axfn egL ?=@ s/f]8 &! nfv * xhf/ b]vfPsf]df @)&@.&# df gfkmf gf]S;fgaf6 ?=#)
nfv !@ xhf/ vr{ s§L lnO{ ltg{ afFsL axfn ?=# s/f]8 ! nfv b]vfPsf] 5 . ef8fafktsf] /sddf
vr{ s§L lnFb} hfg] / vr{ /sd e'QmfgL afFsLdf b]vfO{ s/ s§L gug]{ u/]sf] dgfl;j b]lvPg . t;y{
e'QmfgL afFsLdf !) k|ltztn] x'g] s/ ?=#) nfv !@ xhf/;d]t s'n ?=(# nfv ^! xhf/df z'Ns /
Aofh ;d]t c;'n x'g'kb{5 . =
66.4 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, aQL;k'tnLcGt{utsf Ps s/bftfn] @)&#.&$ df ;]jf z'Ns afkt ?=!!
s/f]8 ^& nfv / cfO{=;L= skf]{/];g vr{ ?=!@ s/f]8 % nfv ;d]t b]vfPsf] 5 . ;f] /sdsf]
e'QmfgLnfO{ cg';"rL !# df cknf]8 klg u/]sf] 5}g . pQm vr{df s§f ug'{kg]{ !% k|ltzt clu|ds/
?=# s/f]8 %^ nfv / cfO{=;L= skf]{/];gnfO{ u/]sf] e'QmfgL u}/ afl;Gbfsf] e'QmfgL ePsf]n] d"No
clej[l4s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] bkmf *-@_ cg';f/ nfUg] a]btf{jfn d"No clej[l4s/ ? ! s/f]8 %^ nfv
^^ xhf/;d]t ?=% s/f]8 !@ nfv ^^ xhf/ /fh:j bflvnf ug{'kg{]df ?=$^ nfv #( xhf/ dfq
bflvnf u/]sf] b]lvFbf 5'6 ePsf] s/ ?=$ s/f]8 ^^ nfv @& xhf/sf] ;DaGwdf yk 5fglag u/L z'Ns
/ Aofh ;d]t c;'n ug{'kb{5 .
66.5 cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf **-&_ df afl;Gbf JolQmn] e"–pku|x AofG8ljy clK6sn kmfOa;{ k|of]u
u/]afkt !) k|ltztn] s/ nfUg] Joj:yf 5 . dWod:t/Lo s/bftf sfof{nosf Ps sDo'lgs];g
sDkgLn] @)&#.&$ df nf]sn AofG8ljy ?=^ s/f]8 ## nfv e'QmfgL u/]kl5 cfO{=kL= 6«flGh6
AofG8ljyafkt ?=$# s/f]8 #( nfv !! xhf/sf] !) k|ltztn] ?=$ s/f]8 ## nfv (! xhf/ s/ s§f
ug'{kg]{df a]btf{jfn d""No clej[l4 s/ ?=(% xhf/dfq bflvnf u/]sf] 5 . s/bftfn] cg';"rL !# klg
ge/]sf]n] 5'6 ePsf] s/ ?=$ s/f]8 #@ nfv (^ xhf/df nfUg] z'Ns;d]t 5fglag u/L s/ lgwf{/0f
ug'{kb{5 .
66.6 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, lqk'/]Zj/sf Ps s/bftfn] @)&#.&$ sf] k|ToIf vr{df ut jif{ ?=@ s/f]8 #
nfv &) xhf/ / of] jif{ ?=@ s/f]8 # nfv &) xhf/ Joj:yfkg z'Ns vr{ n]v]sf] 5 . ;]jf z'Nsdf
>f]tdf s/ s§L ug'{kg]{df s§L u/]sf] gb]lvFbf ?=$ s/f]8 & nfv $) xhf/df !% k|ltztn] x'g] clu|d
s/ ?=^! nfv !! xhf/ c;'n ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
66.7 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, tgx'FcGtu{tsf s/ 5'6 lnPsf # u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] @)&#.&$ df ljleGg
;+/rgf lgdf{0f, tflnd nufotsf sfo{ t];|f] kIfaf6 u/fO{ ?=&% s/f]8 (% nfv *& xhf/ e'QmfgL
lbFbf ;|f]tdf s/ s§L gu/]sf]n] !=% k|ltztn] x'g] ?=! s/f]8 !# nfv (# xhf/df z'Ns Pj+ Aofh;lxt
c;'n ug'{kb{5 .=

cy{ dGqfno
67. ;Da4 sDkgLaf6 cfo – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf * cg';f/ s'g} cfo jif{df /f]huf/Laf6 k|fKt
u/]sf] kfl/>lds ;f] jif{df ;f] JolQmsf] /f]huf/Lsf] cfo dfgL u0fgf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . cfGtl/s
/fh:j sfof{no aQL;k'tnLsf] Ps s/bftfn] Ps kmd{nfO{ k/fdz{ ;]jf laqmLafkt $ cfo jif{df ?=%
s/f]8 $& nfv %) xhf/ cfDbfgL k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . ;]jf k|fKt ug]{ kmd{sf] *( k|ltzt ;]o/ Ps}
JolQmsf] /x]sf] / s/bftfn] d"No clej[l4 s/ ljj/0fdf b]vfPsf] cfo cfkm\g} clwsf+z :jfldTj /x]sf]
k|f=ln=af6 dfq k|fKt ePsf] 5 . ;fy} of] s/bftf d"No clej[l4 s/df btf{ ePsf]df @)&!.&@ b]lv
d"No clej[l4 s/ ljj/0f a'emfP tfklg cfo ljj/0f a'emfPsf] kfOPg . pQm s/btfsf] JolQmut
kmd{n] cfˆg} :jfldTjsf] sDkgLaf6 dfq cfDbfgL b]vfPsf] / s/bftfsf] @)&).&! sf] ljQLo ljj/0f
cg';f/ s/bftfsf] kmd{df s'g} klg k/fdz{ lbg] hgzlQm /x]sf] gb]lvPsf]n] lgh s/bftfn] cfo jif{df
cfˆgf] :jfldTjsf] kmd{af6 kfl/>lds lnPsf] k'li6 x'G5 . s/bftfn] ljj/0f k]; gu/]sf] t/ cfo
b]lvPsf]n] ;f] cfodf nfUg] kfl/>lds s/ ?=! s/f]8 ^( nfv ^% xhf/ / ;f]df nfUg] z'Ns tyf
Aofh c;'n x'g'kb{5 . ;fy} lgh tyf o:tf] k|s[ltsf] cGo cfDbfgL ;DaGwdf ;d]t 5fglag u/L s/
lgwf{/0f x'g'kb{5 .
68. xjfO{ ;]jf ;~rfngdf s/ — cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf &) cg';f/ g]kfnaf6 k|:yfg x'g] ofq'sf]
cf];f/k;f/ ubf{ % k|ltzt / g]kfnaf6 csf]{ ljb]zL d'n'sdf k'Ug] u/L k|:yfg gx'g] xjfO{ oftfoftdf
@ k|ltztsf b/n] s/ nfUg] Joj:yf 5 . h;cg';f/ g]kfndf p8fg eg]{ Pc/nfOG;sf] l6s6 h'g;'s}
b]zaf6 hf/L ePklg g]kfnaf6 k|:yfg x'g] ofq'sf] cfwf/df xjfO{ ;]jf s/ nfUg] b]lvG5 . o;;DaGwL
Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
68.1 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, 6ËfncGtu{t Ps xjfO{ ;]jfsf] hg/n ;]N; Ph]G6sf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ps
s/bftfn] @)&!.&@ df ($ xhf/ !@* ofq' p8fg u/]sf] ljj/0f k]; u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn gful/s
p8\8og k|flws/0faf6 k|fKt tYofÍaf6 pQm cjlwdf ! nfv !$ xhf/ !() ofq' p8fg u/]sf]
b]vfPsf]n] km/s ofq' ;+Vof @) xhf/ @*@ sf] s/bftfn] b]vfPsf] dfl;s cf};t ef8f b/cg';f/sf]
d"No ?=@# s/f]8 ^% nfv !% xhf/df % k|ltztn] nfUg] s/ ?=! s/f]8 !* nfv @% xhf/ ;f]df
nfUg] z'Ns tyf Aofh;d]t 5fglag u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
68.2 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, k'tnL;8ssf] sfo{If]qsf % xjfO{ sDkgLn] @)&#.&$ df / 6Ëfnsf] !
ljb]zL xjfO{ sDkgLn] @)&@.&# df g]kfnaf6 p8fg ebf{ g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0faf6 k|fKt
tYofÍsf] cfwf/df bflvnf ug'{kg]{ s/ 36L bflvnf u/]sf] ?=#& s/f]8 &* nfv *@ xhf/ 5fglag
u/L s/ lgwf{/0f u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
-?=xhf/df_
p8fg e/]sf] cf};t ef8f % k|ltzt 36L
p8fg eg]{ :yfg / xjfO sDkgL bflvnf
ofq' ;+Vof ?k}ofF /sd bflvnf
ca'wfaL p8fg ug]{ Ps Po/j]h sDkgL 74202 44950 16,67,68 4,96,24 11,71,44
9fsf p8fg ug]{ Ps ljdfg sDkgL 366962 14236 2,61,17 13774 1,2343
dn]l;of p8fg ug]{ Ps ljdfg sDkgL 56122 26930 1,51,13,65 – 7,55,68
o' P O{ p8fg ug]{ Ps Po/j]h sDkgL 171772 16000 13,74,17 5,37,07 8,37,10
b'aO{ p8fg ug]{ Ps Po/j]h sDkgL 194181 18150 17,62,19 9,88,46 7,73,72
e'6fg p8fg ug]{ Ps Po/j]h sDkgL 19343 16252 1,57,18 39,72 1,17,45
hDdf 37,78,82
dflysf] tYofÍdf ltg'{kg]{ s/ klxnf] uGtJo;Ddsf] dfq u0fgf ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnaf6 p8fg
ePsf]df sg]lS6ª ˆnfO6af6 bf];|f] uGtJosf] ef8f / sfuf]{sf] /sd yk ubf{ dfly plNnlvt /sd
cem} a9L cfpg] b]lvPsf]n] ;f] ;d]t 5fglag u/L s/ bfloTj olsg ug'{kb{5 . pko'{Qm afx]s cGo
xjfO{ sDkgLsf] ;d]t 5fglag x'g'kb{5 .

cy{ dGqfno
69. sfuf{]df s/ – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf &)=!v= df g]kfnaf6 rnfg ul/Psf dfn;fdfgsf] cf];f/
k;f/ ubf{ x'g] cGt/ rnfgdf u}/afl;Gbf JoltmnfO{ e'QmfgL ubf{ % k|ltztsf b/n] s/ nfUg] Joj:yf
5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDg 5g\ .
69.1 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, dxf/fhuGh, gofF afg]Zj/nufot $ sfof{nosf !) s/bftfn] ljleGg
xjfO{ sDkgLdfkm{t sfuf{] 9'jfgL u/]sf] b]vfPsf], sfuf{]df nfUg] s/ bflvnf gu/]sf] cj:yfdf sfuf{]
sDkgLn] u/]sf] e'QmfgLnfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ 5fglag u/L 5'6 ePsf] s/ ?=!! s/f]8 @! nfv ^) xhf/df
z'Ns ;d]t c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
-? xhf/df_
cfGtl/s /fh:j % k|ltztn] x'g]
s/bftf cfo jif{ xjfO 9'jfgL vr{
sfof{no s/
@)&#÷&$ 2,77,91 13,90
dxf/fhuGh Ps PS;kf]6{ sDkgL
@)&@÷&# 3,39,84 16,99
@)&#÷&$ 5,64,76 28,24
dxf/fhuGh Ps sfuf{] sDkgL
@)&@÷&# 7,36,08 36,80
@)&#÷&$ 3,81,75 19,09
dxf/fhuGh Ps lxdfnog sDkgL
@)&@÷&# 3,79,26 18,96
@)&#÷&$ 26,64,85 1,33,24
dxf/fhuGh Ps sfuf{] sDkgL
@)&@÷&# 17,09,81 85,49
@)&@÷&# 25,76,81 1,28,84
gofF afg]Zj/ Ps l;kL+u sDkgL
@)&#÷&$ 28,35,83 1,41,79
@)&@÷&# 23,51,48 1,17,57
gofF ;8s Ps nlh:6Ls sDkgL
@)&#÷&$ 27,43,42 1,37,17
gofF afg]Zj/ Ps jN8 sDkgL @)&#÷&$ 1,10,85 5,54
@)&#÷&$ 5,12,43 25,62
gofF afg]Zj/ Ps g]6 sDkgL
@)&@÷&# 4,22,47 21,12
@)&#÷&$ 10,04,06 50,20
lqk'/]Zj/ Ps k|]m6= sDkgL
@)&@÷&# 11,38,48 56,92
@)&#÷&$ 7,97,41 39,87
dxf/fhuGh Ps PS;kf]6{ sDkgL
@)&@÷&# 8,84,50 44,23
hDdf 2,24,32,00 11,21,60
69.2 dWod:t/Lo s/bftf sfof{nosf Ps s/bftfn] b'aO{ k''Ug] u/L ;fdfg k7fpg @)&#.&$ df ?=@#
s/f]8 @^ nfv $! xhf/ / @)&@.&# df ?=!$ s/f]8 (% nfv *$ xhf/ ;d]t ?=#* s/f]8 @@ nfv
@% xhf/ ljleGg Po/nfOG;nfO{ e'QmfgL lbO{ vr{ n]v]sf]n] pko'{Qm sfg'gL Joj:yf cg';f/ %
k|ltztn] x'g] ?=! s/f]8 (! nfv !! xhf/df Aofh ;d]t 5fglag u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
69.3 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, sf]6]Zj/sf] Ps s/bftfn] @)&#.&$ df xjfO{hxfhaf6 ;fdfg 9'jfgL vr{
hgfO{ ?=!@ s/f]8 #^ nfv && xhf/ / ut jif{ ?=!@ s/f]8 @$ nfv & xhf/ Pc/nfOG; sDkgLnfO{
e'QmfgL lbO{ vr{ n]v]sf] 5 . ;f] /sd e'QmfgL lbPsf] kf6L{ut ljj/0f cg';"rL !# df pNn]v gu/]sf]n]
5fglag u/L ;f] /sddf nfUg] % k|ltzt s/ ?=! s/f]8 @# nfv $ xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
70. 3/hUuf lg;u{ – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf (%s= cg';f/ k|fs[lts JolQmsf] 3/ hUuf lg;u{ x'Fbf
k'FhLut nfes/ clu|d ?kdf c;'n ug]{ / lgsfosf] xsdf cfo ljj/0fdf /fvL vr{ s§L u/L afFsL
/sddf s/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 . dfnkf]t sfof{nox?af6 k|fKt clen]v cg';f/ 3/ hUuf lg;u{ u/]sf
lgsfox?n] k'FhLut nfes/ glt/]sf] cj:yfdf s/ 5'6 ePsf] 5 . cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no !# sf
@( s/bftfn] ;DklQ lg;u{ u/]sf]df cfo ljj/0fdf ;dfj]z gu/]sf], ug]{n] klg k'/} cfo gb]vfPsf]n]
?=@ ca{ % s/f]8 ## nfvsf] sf/f]af/df nfUg] s/ ?=#@ s/f]8 (( nfvdf z'Ns / Aofh ;d]t lx;fa
u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 . o; ;DaGwL s]xL Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
cy{ dGqfno
70.1 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, aQL;k'tnLsf Ps Ph's];g kmfpG8];gn] @)&@.&# df dfnkf]t sfof{no
l8NnLahf/sf] clen]v cg';f/ ?=& s/f]8 &$ nfvsf] 3/ hUuf lg;u{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f] laqmLnfO{
sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/ pNn]v u/L k'FhLut nfes/ lt/]sf] 5}g . ;f] ;DklQ laqmLsf] cfonfO{ cfo ljj/0fdf
gb]vfPsf]n] yk 5fglag u/L s/ lgwf{/0f u/L 5'6 ePsf] /fh:j ?=! s/f]8 (# nfv c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
To:t} u/L cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, sfnLdf6Lsf Ps a:tL ljsf; sDkgLn] @)&@.&# df
dfnkf]t sfof{no l8NnLahf/sf] clen]vcg';f/ ?=% s/f]8 %$ nfvsf] 3/hUuf lg;u{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
t/ s/bftfn] ?=@* nfv dfq cfo n]vfÍg u/]sf] b]lvFbf 36L n]vfÍg u/]sf] ?=% s/f]8 @^ nfvnfO{
s/of]Uo cfodf ;dfj]z u/L @% k|ltztn] nfUg] s/ ?=! s/f]8 #! nfv c;'n ug{ 5fglag u/L s/
lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
70.2 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, nlntk'/–@ sf $ s/bftfn] dfnfkf]t sfof{no, nlntk'/ / sfe|]sf] ljj/0f
cg';f/ @)&).&! / @)&@.&# df ?=!! s/f]8 &@ nfvsf] 3/hUuf lg;u{ u/]sf] 5 . ;f] laqmLnfO{
sDkgLsf] sf/f]af/ pNn]v u/L k'FhLut nfes/ lt/]sf] 5}g . ;f] ;DklQ laqmLnfO{ cfo ljj/0fdf
gb]vfPsf]n] yk 5fglag u/L s/ ?=@ s/f]8 (# nfvdf z'Ns;d]t lx;fa u/L s/ lgwf{/0f u/]/ 5'6
ePsf] /fh:j c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
To;}u/L cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, nlntk'/–! sf Ps s/bftfn] ?=& s/f]8 ^* nfvsf]
;DklQ lg;u{ ubf{ k'FhLut nfes/ klg glt/]sf] ;fy} ;f] /sdnfO{ cfo ljjj/0fdf n]vfÍg u/]sf] 5}g .
cGo @ s/bftfn] ?=& s/f]8 *% nfvsf] laqmL u/]sf]df cfo ljj/0fdf ?=@ s/f]8 @) nfvdfq cfo
n]vfÍg u/]sf]n] 5'6 ?=% s/f]8 ^% nfvsf ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L # s/bftfsf] nfUg] s/ ?=# s/f]8
## nfv / ;f]df nfUg] z'Ns c;'n ug{ s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
70.3 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, lqk'/]Zj/cGtu{tsf Ps xfplh+u sDkgLn] @)&!.&@ df ?= $ s/f]8 @(
nfv &) xhf/ / @)&@.&# df ?=$$ s/f]8 $( nfv () xhf/ ;d]t ?= $* s/f]8 &( nfv ^)
xhf/sf] 3/hUuf lg;u{ u/]sf] dfnkf]t sfof{no, nlntk'/sf] clen]vaf6 b]lvG5 . ;f] laqmLdf
sDkgLn] k"FhLut nfes/ lt/]sf] 5}g . t/ s/bftfn] @)&!.&@ df ?=@ s/f]8 #* nfv !& xhf/ /
@)&@.&# df ?+= ^ s/f]8 *( nfv * xhf/sf] dfq laqmL v'nf;f u/L cfo ljj/0f k]z u/]af6 36L
sf/f]af/ b]vfPsf] ?=#( s/f]8 %@ nfv #% xhf/df s/bftfsf] s'n gfkmf ##=@^ k|ltztn] x'g] ?=!#
s/f]8 !$ nfv %% xhf/df @% k|ltztn] nfUg] s/ ?=# s/f]8 @* nfv ^# xhf/ / z'Ns ;d]t
5fglag u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
70.4 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, afg]Zj/sf Ps 6«feN; sDkgLn] dfnkf]t sfof{no l8NnLahf/af6
@)&$.$.#@ df 3/ tyf hUuf ?=$) s/f]8df lg;u{ u/L ePsf] nfe ?=@& s/f]8 #( nfv **
xhf/df !) k|ltztn] x'g] ?=@ s/f]8 *# nfv (( xhf/ k'FhLut nfes/ lt/]sf] 5 . s/bftf
@)&@.&# b]lv gg\kmfOn/ /xL cfo ljj/0f k]; u/]sf] 5}g . t;y{ cfo ljj/0f k]; ug{ nufO{ ljutsf]
sf/f]af/sf] ;d]t 5fglag u/L cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf &=-@_ cg';f/ cfodf ;dfj]z u/L cfos/
P]g, @)%* sf] cg';"rL ! cg';f/ 5'6 !% k|ltzt s/ ?=$ s/f]8 !) nfv (* xhf/ / ;f]df nfUg]
z'Ns Aofh ;lxt c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
70.5 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, sf]6]Zj/sf Ps l/on :6]6 sDkgLn] @)&@.&# df ?=^ s/f]8 !) nfv *(
xhf/, csf]{ Ps sfk]{6 O08li6«hn] @)&!.&@ df ?=!# s/f]8 ** nfv ^% xhf/ / @)&@.&# df ?=@
s/f]8 &! nfv & xhf/;d]t ?=@@ s/f]8 &) nfv ^! xhf/sf] 3/ hUuf lg;u{ u/]sf] dfnkf]t
sfof{no, rfalxnsf] clen]vaf6 b]lvG5 . sDkgLsf] x}l;otn] ;f]df k'FhLut nfes/ lt/]sf 5}gg\ .
t/ s/bftfx?n] pQm sf/f]af/nfO{ gb]vfO{ cfo ljj/0f k]; u/]af6 plNnlvt sf/f]af/af6 ePsf]
nfesf] olsg u/L @% k|ltztn] nfUg] s/ ?=% s/f]8 ^& nfv ^% xhf/ / ;f]df nfUg] z'Ns tyf
Aofh ;d]t 5fglag u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
70.6 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, k'tnL;8ssf % s/bftfn] @)&!.&@ / @)&@.&# df dfnkf]t sfof{nox?af6
?=@* s/f]8 ^* nfvsf] 3/ hUuf lg;u{ u/]sf] 5 . ;f] laqmLnfO{ sDkgLsf] cfo ljj/0fdf gb]vfPsf]

cy{ dGqfno
Pj+ k'FhLut nfes/ lt/]sf] 5}g . ;f] ;DklQ laqmLsf] cfonfO{ cfo ljj/0fdf gb]vfPsf]n] yk
5fglag u/L ?=& s/f]8 !& nfv s/ lgwf{/0f u/]/ 5'6 ePsf] /fh:j c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
To:t} ;f]xL sfof{nosf Ps l/on :6]6 sDkgLn] @)&!.&@ df ?=$ s/f]8 * nfv nfut
ePsf] nlntk'/sf] hUufnfO{ ?=@ s/f]8 ^( nfvdf laqmL u/]sf] b]lvof] . hUufsf] d"Noj[l4 eO/x]sf]
cj:yfdf o;k|sf/ c:jfefljs gf]S;fgL b]vfPsf] sf/f]af/ ;DaGwdf yk 5fglag u/L Go"gtd
nfuteGbf a9L /sd ?=! s/f]8 #( nfvdf s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
71. lrgL laqmLsf] gfkmf – cfos/ P]g @)%* sf] bkmf & cg';f/ ;]jf z'NsnfO{ cfodf ;dfj]z ug{'kb{5 .
ljleGg s/bftfx?n] @)&$.&% df ljb]zaf6 k}7f/L u/]sf] lrgLsf] d"No / laqmL d"Nosf] km/s cg';f/
u0fgf x'g] s'n gfkmf cg'kftdf s/bftfut ljj/0fdf pNn]Vo km/s k/]sf] b]lvof] . g]kfn ;/sf/n]
lrgLsf] laqmL -d"No clej[l4 s/afx]s_ ?=^@ d"No tf]s]sf] / :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL lrgLdf pkef]Qmfn]
;f]xL d"No lt/]sf] cj:yfdf Joj;foLsf] v'b gfkmfdf km/s k/] klg s'n gfkmfdf c:jfefljs km/s
k/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
cWoog ul/Psf ^ cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{nosf !! Joj;foLn] lrgLsf] laqmL d"No / eG;f/
tYofÍ cg';f/ x'g] cf};t vl/b d"Nosf cfwf/df s'n d'gfkmf (=)^ b]lv #)=)^ k|ltzt;Dd /x]sf]df
s/bftfx?n] v'b d'gfkmf )=$% b]lv !^=%) k|ltzt;Dd b]vfPsf] kfOof] . o:tf] cj:yfdf s/bftfn]
laqmL cfo 36L n]vfÍg u/]sf] x'Fbf km/s s'n gfkmf ?=#! s/f]8 !! nfv $) xhf/ Go"g ePsf]n] @%
k|ltzt cfos/ ?=& s/f]8 && nfv *% xhf/ / d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=$ s/f]8 $ nfv $* xhf/;d]t
?=!! s/f]8 *@ nfv ## xhf/df z'Ns / Aofh;d]t 5fglag u/L s/ lgwf{/0f ug{'kb{5 .
72. k|ltkmnsf] n]vfÍg – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf & cg';f/ s'g} Joj;fo ;~rfngaf6 ePsf] d'gfkmf
/ nfex? ;f] Joj;fosf] cfo x'g] pNn]v 5 . 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nosf ljleGg !* s/bftfn]
pkbfgsf] nflu Joj:yf u/]sf] /sd ut ljutdf Psd''i6 gful/s nufgL sf]ifdf hDdf u/]sf 5g\ .
pQm /sddf gful/s nufgL sf]ifn] @)&#.&$ df cltl/Qm k|ltkmn afkt % k|ltztsf b/n] x'g] /sd
yk ul/lbPsf] 5 . o;/L yk ePsf] ?= #) s/f]8 ^^ nfv & xhf/nfO{ cfo n]vfÍg u/]sf] b]lvPg .
o;k|sf/ k|ltkmn k|fKt ePsf] /sd 5fglag u/L ;DalGwtsf] cfodf ;dfj]z u/L nfUg] s/ ?=&
s/f]8 (* nfv () xhf/ / z'Ns ;d]t lx;fa u/L lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
73. laqmL gb]vfPsf] – cfos/ P]g @)%* sf] bkmf & cg';f/ Jofj;flos sf/f]af/sf] cfo n]vfÍg ug'{kb{5 .
s/bftfn] laqmL gb]vfPsf] sf/0f s/ c;'nLdf c;/ k/]sf] Joxf]/f b]xfodf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
73.1 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, k'tnL;8ssf] Ps s/bftfn] eG;f/ tYofÍcg';f/ @)&#.&$ df ?=$ s/f]8
$$ nfv $ xhf/sf] xj{n l6 lgof{t u/]sf] b]lvG5 . t/ ljQLo ljj/0fdf ?=#% nfv @& xhf/sf] dfq
laqmL b]vfPsf]n] km/s ?=$ s/f]8 * nfv && xhf/sf] lgsf;Ldf !% k|ltztn] cfos/ ?=^! nfv
#@ xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
73.2 lhNnf e";+/If0f sfof{no, 8f]6Laf6 k|fKt clu|d cfos/sf] ljj/0f cg';f/ cfGtl/s /fh:j
sfof{no,wgu9Lsf Ps s/bftfn] @)&#.&$ df ljleGg ef}r/af6 ? # s/f]8 (^ nfv ** xhf/sf]
e'QmfgL k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . ;f] s/bftfn] d"No clej[l4 s/ tkm{ @)&#.&$ df z"Go ljj/0f lbPsf] 5 .
s/bftfn] cfo ljj/0fdf ?= ^^ nfv &) xhf/ dfq cfo b]vfPsf]n] cfo gb]vfPsf] ?=# s/f]8 #)
nfv !* xhf/sf] @% k|ltztn] x'g] s/ ? *@ nfv %$ xhf/ / d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=%! nfv %(
xhf/;d]t ?=! s/f]8 #$ nfv !# xhf/df 5fglag u/L z'Ns;d]t c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
73.3 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, 7d]nsf Ps s/bftfn] b'UwhGo kbfy{df p7fPsf] d"No clej[l4 s/sf] %)
k|ltzt lkmtf{ kfpg] Joj:yfcg';f/ lkmtf{ k|fKt u/]sf] /sd cfodf n]vfÍg ug'{kg]{df @)&!.&@ b]lv
@)&#.&$ ;Dd ?=@ s/f]8 &% nfv %$ xhf/ k|fKt u/]sf]df ?=*% nfv #) xhf/ dfq n]vfÍg
u/]sf]n] km/s ?=! s/f]8 () nfv @$ xhf/sf] @) k|ltztn] x'g] s/ ?=#* nfv % xhf/df z'Ns;d]t
lx;fa u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .

cy{ dGqfno
73.4 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, dxf/fhu+hsf] Ps s/bftfn] @)&#.&$ df ?=@) s/f]8 &@ nfv #^
xhf/sf] ;fdfg lgof{t u/]sf] eG;f/ clen]vaf6 b]lvPsf]df cfo ljj/0fdf ?=$( nfv $% xhf/ dfq
b]vfPsf] 5 . cfo ljj/0fdf gb]vfPsf] ?=@) s/f]8 @@ nfv (! xhf/sf] @% k|ltztn] x'g] s/ ?=%
s/f]8 % nfv &# xhf/df z'Ns / Aofh lx;fa u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
73.5 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, afnfh'sf] Ps s/bftfn] @)&#.&$ df ljleGg ;fdu|L lgsf;L u/]sf] eG;f/
tYofÍaf6 ?=!$ s/f]8 *( nfv *$ xhf/ b]lvPsf]df ljQLo ljj/0fdf ?=@ s/f]8 !% nfv (* xhf/
dfq b]vfPsf]n] km/s ?=!@ s/f]8 &# nfv *^ xhf/sf] @% k|ltztn] nfUg] s/ ?=# s/f]8 !* nfv
$^ xhf/df z'Ns ;d]t lx;fa u/L s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
73.6 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, 6Ëfnsf] Ps s/bftfnfO{ @)&#.&$ df @@ ;a–l8li6«Jo"6;{n] tflnd
;~rfng afkt ?=# s/f]8 !( nfv (& xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f] /sdnfO{ s/bftfn] cfo
n]vfÍg gu/]sf]n] yk 5fglag u/L 5'6 ePsf] /sdnfO{{ s/ of]Uo cfodf ;dfj]z u/L ;f]df @%
k|ltzt s/ ?=*) nfvdf z'Ns / Aofh ;d]t c;'n ug'{kb{5 . ;fy} s/bftfn] tflnd ;~rfng u/L
d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=$! nfv ^) xhf/ c;'n gu/]sf]n] ;f] ;d]t ?=! s/f]8 @! nfv ^) xhf/df
z''Ns;d]t lx;fa u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
73.7 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, jL/uGhsf] Ps s/bftfn] eG;f/ tYofÍcg';f/ @)&#.&$ df ?=!* s/f]8
&& nfvsf] ;fdu|L lgsf;L u/]sf] b]lvG5 . t/ ljQLo ljj/0fdf ?=* nfvsf] sf/f]af/ b]vfO{ 8] ! sf]
cfo ljj/0f k]; u/]sf] 5 . t;y{ s/bftfsf] sf/f]af/df yk 5fglag u/L s/bftfn] b]vfPsf] s'n
cfodf (=@) k|ltztn] x'g] ?=! s/f]8 &@ nfv ^( xhf/df @) k|ltzt s/ ?=#$ nfv %$ xhf/df
nfUg] z'Ns / Aofh;d]t 5fglag u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
73.8 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, jL/uGhsf] Ps s/bftfn] g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fnfO{ @)&#.&$ df ?=$
s/f]8 &# nfv $% xhf/sf] ;fdfg laqmL u/]sf]df s/bftfn] d"No clej[l4 s/df ?=$! nfv #
xhf/sf] laqmL dfq b]vfPsf]n] km/s ?=$ s/f]8 #@ nfv $@ xhf/sf] d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=%^ nfv
@! xhf/df z'Ns / Aofh;d]t lx;fa u/L c;'n ug{'kg{] ;fy} s/bftf cfos/df gg\kmfOn/ /x]sf]
;DaGwdf ;d]t 5fglag ug{'kb{5 .
73.9 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, lj/f6gu/sf] Ps s/bftfn] Ps l:klgª ldN;;Fu ljut $ jif{df ?=!@
s/f]8 ! nfvsf] vl/b u/]sf]df $ jif{s} calwdf cfos/ tyf d"No clej[l4 s/df z"Go laqmL
b]vfPsf], ;fdfg df}Hbft ;d]t gb]vfPsf]n] 5fglag u/L 5'6 ePsf] d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=! s/f]8 %^
nfv !! xhf/ / cfos/ ?=# s/f]8 ;d]t ?=$ s/f]8 %^ nfv !! xhf/ c;'n ug{'kb{5 .
73.10 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, nlntk'/sf Ps s/bftfn] k]; u/]sf] @)&#÷&$ sf] cfo ljj/0fsf] cg';"rL
!# df Ps b"/;~rf/ sDkgLnfO{ ?=$ s/f]8 (& nfv $^ xhf/ / csf]{ Ps sDkgLnfO{ ?=@! nfv @)
xhf/sf] laqmL b]vfPsf] 5 . t/ cfo ljj/0fdf ?=! s/f]8 *$ nfv !! xhf/ dfq laqmL b]vfPsf]n]
36L laqmL b]vfPsf] ?=# s/f]8 #$ nfv %% xhf/df @% k|ltztn] x'g] s/ ?=*# nfv ^$ xhf/df
z'Ns / Aofh ;d]t lx;fa u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
73.11 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nosf Ps s/bftf;Fu @)&#.&$ df g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fn] ?=!! s/f]8 !) nfv
@& xhf/sf] ;fdfg vl/b u/]sf] b]vfPsf]df pQm s/bftfn] ?=^ s/f]8 !* nfv ( xhf/sf] dfq laqmL
b]vfPsf] 5 . ctM km/s ?=$ s/f]8 (@ nfv !* xhf/nfO{ s/ of]Uo cfodf ;dfj]z u/L @%
k|ltztn] x'g] s/ ?=! s/f]8 @# nfv $ xhf/df z'Ns / Aofh lx;fa u/L s/ lgwf{/0f ug{'kb{5 .
73.12 ko{6g dGqfnon]] ko{6s p4f/;DaGwdf 5fglag ug{ u7g u/]sf] ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgdf Ps s/bftfn] !
xhf/ !#) la/fdL ko{6ssf] p4f/ u/L ;g\ @)!% hgj/L b]lv @)!* d] #) ;Dd ? !! s/f]8 #@ nfv
$) xhf/ e'QmfgL k|fKt u/]sf] pNn]v 5 . cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, afnfh' cGt{utsf] ;f] s/bftfn]
ljQLo ljj/0fdf ut ljutdf s'g} sf/f]af/ gu/]sf] t/ @)&#.&$ df c:ktfn laqmL cfo ?=$ s/f]8 &
nfv / @)&$.&% sf] d] #) ;Dddf ?=# s/f]8 #! nfv;d]t ?=& s/f]8 #* nfvsf] laqmL u/] sf] b]lvG5 .

cy{ dGqfno
s/bftfsf] laqmL sf/f]af/ ?=# s/f]8 ($ nfv $) xhf/ Go"g n]vfÍg ePsf]n] ;f] ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L
;f]df @% k|ltztn] x'g] s/ ?=(* nfv ^) xhf/df z'Ns / Aofh;d]t 5fglag u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
74. j}b]lzs /f]huf/ Joj;foLsf] cfo – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf & cg';f/ ;]jf z'NsnfO{ cfodf
;dfj]z ug'{kb{5 . 7"nf s/bftf sfof{no cGt{utsf xjfO{ l6s6 laqmLsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ s/bftfsf]
laqmL ljj/0f k/LIf0f ubf{ cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no lqk'/]Zj/, 6+ufnnufotsf * sfof{no cGt{utsf
j}b]lzs /f]huf/ Joj;foLn] vl/b u/]sf] l6s6sf] /sd cfo ljj/0fdf n]vfÍg u/]sf] 5}g . vl/b
vr{nfO{ cfo ljj/0fdf n]vfÍg gu/]sf] cj:yfdf ;f]af6 x'g] cfDbfgL ;d]t cfodf n]vfÍg gx'g] x'Fbf
yk 5fglag u/L ;f] vl/b sf/f]af/ ?=%# s/f]8 ^ nfvdf @% k|ltztn] nfUg] s/ ?=!# s/f]8 @&
nfvdf nfUg] z'Ns tyf Aofh;d]t 5fglag u/L s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
-? xhf/df_
s/bftf l6s6 vl/b @% k|ltzt
cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no cfo jif{ b]vfPsf] cfo km/s
;+Vof /sd s/
lqk'/]Zj/ 1 4 16,08,01 4,58,13 11,49,87 2,87,46
6Ëfn 3 7 6,72,44 2,50,19 4,22,25 1,05,56
sf]6]Zj/ 1 4 1,55,74 83,02 72,72 18,18
sfnLdf6L 1 1 91,14 25,50 65,64 16,41
aQL;k'tnL 4 12 29,07,42 13,09,11 15,98,30 3,99,57
dxf/fhuGh 1 4 4,98,59 1,74,32 3,24,27 81,06
afnfh' 3 9 26,71,11 12,54,97 14,16,13 3,54,03
gofF afg]Zj/ 2 5 4,04,51 1,47,27 2,57,24 64,31
hDdf 90,08,96 37,02,51 53,06,42 13,26,58
To:t}, cfos/ P]g @)%* sf] bkmf (^cg';f/ cfo jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] # dlxgf leq cfo ljj/0f
k]z u/L nfUg] s/ bflvnf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . cfGtl/s /fh:j k|zf;gn] k|of]udf NofPsf]
;km\6j]o/af6 # j}b]lzs /f]huf/ Joj;foLn] 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nosf Ps l6s6 laqm]tf;Fu dfq ?=*
s/f]8 ! nfvsf] xjfO{ l6s6 vl/b u/]sf] b]lvG5 . sf7df8fF}sf] tLgs'g] / aQL;k'tnLaf6 sf/f]af/
ug]{ tL Joj;foLn] :yfoL n]vf gDa/ lnO{ cfo ljj/0f k]; gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/]sf] 5}g .
t;y{ oL j}b]lzs /f]huf/ Joj;foLx?sf] sf/f]af/ 5fglag u/L s/sf] bfo/fdf Nofpg'sf] cltl/tm
5'6 ePsf] s/ lgwf{/0f u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
75. k|j4{g vr{ – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !# n] Joj;fosf] cfo cfh{gsf] l;nl;nfdf ePsf] vr{
s§L kfpg] Joj:yf 5 . laqm]tfn] Joj;fo k|j4{g,5'6, k|f]T;fxg, laqmL k|j4{g cflb zLif{sdf pNn]Vo
vr{ n]Vg], pTkfbs;Fu ;f]wegf{ k|fKt gx'g], s]xL l8n/dfkm{t 7"nf] kl/df0fdf laqmL ug]{, pTkfbs Pj+
l8li6«Ao'6;{ b'j}n] Joj;fo k|a{4g vr{ bfaL ug]{ cj:yf b]lvPsf] 5 . 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nosf %
s/bftfn] ?=% ca{ !# s/f]8 ( nfvsf] laqmL sf/f]af/df ?=$( s/f]8 &$ nfv laqmL k|j4{g vr{
bfaL u/]sf 5g\ . pQm ;Dk"0f{ vr{ Joj;fosf] cfo cfh{g;Fu ;DalGwt eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf
5fglag ePsf] 5}g . o:tf vr{sf] k|ltzt b]xfo adf]lhd b]lvPsf] 5M
-? xhf/df_
k|a{4fgfTds vr{
s/bftf cfo jif{ Joxf]/f laqmL /sd
/sd k|ltzt
Ps 6«]8 ln+S; 2073/74 k|fO; k|f]6]S;g, ;]N; k|df]zg, lj1fkg vr{ n]v]sf]df 16,44,77 5,91,09
pTkfbsaf6 k|fKt ug'{kg]{ o:tf /sd cfo gb]vfPsf] 35.94
Ps ODk]S; 2072/73 lj1fkg, ;le{;, jf/]G6L ;]N; k|df]zg vr{df ljb]zL 25,91,07 5,83,44
k|f=ln= a|fG8sf] df]afOndf ;le{; jf/]G6L nufot vr{ ;f]wegf{ 22.52
glnPsf]
Ps 6«]8;{ 2072/73 ;le{; rfh{, :sLd, OG;]lG6e vr{ n]v]sf]df ljb]zL 1,52,99,24 17,88,41
a|fG8sf] uf8L laqm]tfn] pTkfbsaf6 ;f]wegf{ k|fKt 11.69
gu/]sf]
Ps ODk]S; 2073/74 Jofkf/ k|a{4g, laqmL kl5sf] ;]jf, lj1fkg cflb qm]tfn] 2941550 18,65,96
k|f=ln= bfaL u/]sf]df ljb]zL pTkfbsaf6 ;f]wegf{ k|fKt gu/]sf] 6.34
Ps An]G8;{ k|f=ln 2071/72 ;a} laqmL # l8n/nfO{ u/]sf]df cksG6«L vr{ laqm]tf 23,59,36 1,45,72
dfkm{t gu/L :jo+ u/]sf] 6.18
hDdf 5,13,09,94 49,74,62

cy{ dGqfno
t;y{ o:tf] vr{ ug]{ Joj:yf / lgodgsf] nflu gLltut ?kdf ;Daf]wg x'g' h?/L 5 .
76. Joj:yfkg z'Ns – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !# cg';f/ cfo cfh{gsf] l;nl;nfdf ePsf] vr{ s§L
kfpg] Joj:yf 5 . s/bftfx?n] Joj:yfkg z'Ns, k|fljlws z'Ns, /f]oN6L cflb pNn]v u/L nufgLstf{
tyf ;Da4 sDkgLnfO{ e'QmfgL lbPsf] b]lvG5 . nufgLstf{n] Joj:yfkg z'Ns;d]t lng], o:tf] /sd
e'QmfgL ubf{ ;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfo{ pNn]v gu/]sf], o:tf] z'Ns e'QmfgLsf sf/0f s/bftfsf cGo vr{df
sdL gcfPsf] cj:yf b]lvPsf] 5 . lk|lG;kn sDkgLnfO{ o:tf] /sd e'QmfgL x'Fbf ;fdfGo ahf/
Jojxf/ cg';f/ eP gePsf] s/ k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5}g . 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nosf %
s/bftfn] @)&).&! b]lv @)&#.&$ ;Dd ;Da4 sDkgLnfO{ e'QmfgL lbPsf] Joj:yfkg z'Nsafktsf]
vr{ ?=^ s/f]8 (( nfv ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L ;Da4 sDkgLnfO{ Joj:yfkg z'Ns e'QmfgL u/]sf]
sf/0f d'gfkmf a9L ePsf] ;'lglZrt x'g'kb{5 . o; ;DaGwdf gLltut ;'wf/ x'g'kb{5 .
77. vr{ Joj:yf – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf @$ cg';f/ of] jif{ ePsf vr{ afx]s k|f]lehg u/]sf vr{
bfaL ug{ ldNb}g . ljb]zL pTkfbssf ;jf/L ;fwgsf $ cflwsf/Ls laqm]tfn] @)&@.&# df k|f]lehg
km/ PS;k]G;]; egL ?=^ s/f]8 ^) nfv vr{ n]v]sf] 5 . ;f] /sdnfO{ cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf
!# adf]lhd vr{ s§L glbO{ bkmf & adf]lhd cfodf ;dfj]z ubf{ nfUg] s/ ?=! s/f]8 ^% nfvdf
5fglag u/L z'Ns tyf Aofh ;d]t c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
78. sf/f]af/sf] oyfy{tf – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf & adf]lhd ;a} ;]jf z'NsnfO{ cfodf ;dfj]z
ug'{kg]{ tyf bkmf !# cg';f/ cfo cfh{g;Fu ;DalGwt vr{ s§L ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf 5 . o; ;DaGwdf
b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\
78.1 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no,alQ;k'tnLsf] Ps s/bftfn] g]kfn gful/s p•og k|flws/0f;Fu u/]sf]
;Demf}tfcg';f/ s/bftfn] Sofkm] ;~rfng ug{ dfl;s ?=@! nfv %( xhf/ 3/axfn e'QmfgL ug{'kg{]
pNn]v 5 . ;Demf}tf cg';f/ axfn /sd @)&#.&$ sf] efb|b]lv !! dlxgfsf] ?=@ s/f]8 #& nfv $(
xhf/ / @)&$.&% sf] ?=@ s/f]8 %( nfv * xhf/;d]t @ jif{sf] ?=$ s/f]8 (^ nfv %& xhf/
x'g]df cfo ljj/0fdf ?=@ s/f]8 ^^ nfv $# xhf/ n]vfÍg u/]sf]n] ?=@ s/f]8 #) nfv !$ xhf/
36L vr{ n]vfÍg u/]sf] 5 . 36L vr{ n]vfÍg u/]sf] cj:yfdf cfo ;d]t oyfy{ n]vfÍg gx'g]
;DaGwdf yk 5fglag u/L ;f] /sddf @% k|ltzt s/ ?=%& nfv %@ xhf/ / d"No clej[l4 s/
?=@( nfv (! xhf/;d]t ?=*& nfv $# xhf/df z'Ns / Aofh;d]t lgwf{/0f u/L c;'n ug{'kb{5 .
78.2 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, gofF;8ssf] Ps s/bftfn] sf7df8f}+, dx]G›gu/, lj/f6gu/ / jL/uGhdf
Sofl;gf] ;~rfng u/]klg ljQLo ljj/0fdf /f]oN6L gjLs/0f afkt @)&$.&% sf] ?= # s/f]8 &% nfv
@& xhf/, @)&#.&$ sf] ?=# s/f]8 %@ nfv *% xhf/ / @)&@.&# sf] ?=# s/f]8 # nfv ( xhf/ vr{
n]v]sf] 5 . t/ gjLs/0f afkt g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k|To]s jif{ ? %) nfvsf b/n] ? ! s/f]8 %) nfv
dfq bflvnf u/]sf] ko{6g ljefusf] clen]vaf6 b]lvPsf] 5 . vr{ n]v]sf] /sd e'QmfgL afFsLsf]
ljj/0fdf ;d]t gb]vfPsf]n] yk 5fglag u/L a9L vr{ b]vfPsf] ?=* s/f]8 *! nfv @! xhf/nfO{
s/of]Uo cfodf ;dfj]z u/L @% k|ltzt s/ ?=@ s/f]8 @) nfv #) xhf/df z'Ns / Aofh ;d]t
c;'n ug{'kb{5 .
79. Aofh vr{ — cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !$ df Joj;fo jf nufgLaf6 cfo cfh{g x'g] sfo{sf nflu
l;h{gf ePsf] C0fsf] Aofh vr{ s§L kfpg] Joj:yf 5 . o; ;DaGwL Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
79.1 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no,rfalxnsf] Ps s/bftfsf] o; jif{sf] cGTodf ?=% s/f]8 ** nfv (& xhf/–
C0f afFsL /x]sf] / ?=! s/f]8 # nfv !) xhf/ Aofh vr{ bfaL u/sf] 5 . Joj;fodf nufgLsf] nflu
lnPsf] C0fdWo] ?=% s/f]8 &% nfv ;Da4 sDkgLdf ut jif{b]lv g} nufgL u/]sf] b]lvG5 . Joj;fodf
k'FhLsf] cefj b]vfO{ lnPsf] C0fsf] Aofh vr{ bfaL ug]{ u/]sf] cj:yfdf nufgL u/]sf] /sdaf6 s'g} cfo
gb]vfPsf] b]lvFbf a}ÍnfO{ @)&!.&@ df lt/]sf] ;/b/ Aofhb/ !^=() k|ltztn] x'g] ?=(& nfv !& xhf/
Aofh vr{ cdfGo u/L @% k|ltzt s/ ?=@$ nfv @( xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 . To:t} csf]{ Ps lgdf{0f
Joj;foLn] @)&#.&$ df ?=( s/f]8 %) nfv C[0f lnO{ ?=! s/f]8 @@ nfv *@ xhf/ Aofh vr{
n]v]sf] 5 . utjif{ ?=# s/f]8 !^ nfv *& xhf/sf]] laqmL u/]sf]df elugL ;+:yf;Fu?=!) s/f]8 !!
cy{ dGqfno
nfv #! xhf/ lng afFsL b]vfPsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L cg'kflts Aofh vr{ s/of]Uo
cfodf ;dfj]z u/L nfUg] s/ ?=#) nfv &) xhf/;d]t ?=%$ nfv (( xhf/df z'Ns / Aofh;d]t
lx;fa u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
79.2 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nosf Ps s/bftfn] @)&#.&$ df cfk"mn] nufgL u/]sf] ;Da4 xfO8«f] kfj/
sDkgL;Fu ;d]t ?=$$ s/f]8 &$ nfv &! xhf/ lng afFsL b]vfPsf] 5 . s/bftfn] cfFkm} nufgL stf{
/x]sf] csf]{ xfO8«f] kfj/ nfO{ ?=$ s/f]8 ^* nfv @! xhf/ / cGo ;j sG6«fS6/x?nfO{ ?=@@ s/f]8
@# nfv $# xhf/ ;fk6L lbPsf] 5 . Joj;fodf /sd cefj b]vfO{ ?=#! s/f]8 ^) nfv &^ xhf/
C[0f lnO{ ?=@ s/f]8 #* nfv ^( xhf/ Aofh vr{ bfaL u/]sf] 5 . nufgL tyf ;fk6Lsf] k|ltkmn
Joj;fodf gb]vfPsf]n] cg'kflts Aofh vr{ s/ k|of]hgs]f nflu 5'6 glbO{ lghsf] gf]S;fgL ?=&(
nfv ^% xhf/ 36fpFbf cfpg] gfkmf ?=! s/f]8 %( nfv $ xhf/df @% k|ltzt s/ ? #( nfv &^
xhf/df z'Ns;lxt 5fglag u/L c;'n ug{ s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
79.3 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, sf]6]Zj/sf Ps s/bftfsf] p2]Zo ;"rgf k|jfx / klqsf k|sfzg ePsf]df
a}Íaf6 C0f lnO{ @)&@.&# df hUuf vl/b u/]sf] 5 . lghn] @)&@.&# df ?=#! s/f]8 %$ nfv %#
xhf/ C0f lnO{ ?=@ s/f]8 &* nfv &^ xhf/ Aofh vr{ bfaL u/]sf] 5 . ptm C[0faf6 ?=!# s/f]8 ^
nfv *) xhf/sf] hUuf vl/b u/]sf] / ptm hUuf @)&#.&$ df laqmL ubf{ ?=#@ nfv @@ xhf/
gf]S;fgL ePsf] pNn]v 5 . a}Íaf6 lnPsf] C0fsf] cfg'kflts Aofh vr{ @)&@.&# sf] *=*# k|ltztn]
x'g] ?=! s/f]8 !% nfv #( xhf/ / @)&#.&$ sf] (=*) k|ltztsf b/n] ?=! s/f]8 @* nfv Aofh /
gf]S;fgL;d]t lx;fa ubf{ cfpg] ?=@ s/f]8 &% nfv ^& xhf/ cdfGo u/L gf]S;fgL ;dfof]hg ug{
s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
79.4 dWod:t/Lo s/bftf sfof{nosf Ps s/bftfn] @)&#.&$ df ?=! ca{ %@ s/f]8 *$ nfv ^$ xhf/
C0fsf] ?=( s/f]8 %$ nfv *^ xhf/ Aofh vr{ bfaL u/]sf] 5 . s/bftfn] bL3{sfnLg nufgLdf
;Da4 Ps OGe]i6d]G6 sDkgLnfO{ ut jif{b]lv g} ?=!* s/f]8 csf]{, Ps dN6L 8]enkd]G6 sDkgLnfO{
?=@ s/f]8 %) nfv u/L ?=@) s/f]8 %) nfv nufgL u/]sf]df ;f] nufgLaf6 k|fKt ePsf] cfo ljQLo
ljj/0fdf ;dfj]z gu/]sf]n] a}ÍnfO{ lt/]sf] Aofh b/ ^=@% k|ltztn] x'g] ?=! s/f]8 @* nfv !@ xhf/
Aofh vr{ cdfGo u/L gf]S;fgL ;dfof]hg ug{ s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
79.5 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nosf Ps s/bftfn] @)&#.&$ df ?=! ca{ %% s/f]8 !( nfv C0f lnO{ ?=*
s/f]8 @) nfv &^ xhf/ Aofh vr{ n]v]sf] 5 . ;f] C0fdWo] ?=! ca{ !* s/f]8 &* nfv -&^=%$
k|ltzt_ elugL ;+:yfnfO{ lbPsf] ;fk6Laf6 cfo k|fKt u/]sf] 5}g . C0f cGoq kl/rfng u/]sf]
;DaGwdf yk 5fglag u/L cfg'kflts Aofh vr{ ?=^ s/f]8 @* nfv !( xhf/nfO{ s/ of]Uo cfodf
;dfj]z u/L ;f] df @% k|ltztn] ?=! s/f]8 %& nfv % xhf/df z'Ns;lxt s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
80. x|f; vr{ – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !( / cg';"rL @ adf]lhd lgwf{l/t x|f; s§Lsf] b/cg';f/
x|f; vr{ s§L ug'{kg]{ / cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefusf] @)^$.!!.!# sf] kl/kq cg';f/ s/bftfsf] cfo
cfh{gsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ cfwf/e"t ;DklQnfO{ -3_ ju{df juL{s/0f u/L !% k|ltztsf b/n] x|f;
s§L ug{ ldNg]df 7"Nff s/bftf sfof{no nufot $ sfof{nocGtu{tsf % s/bftfn] @)&!.&@ /
@)&#.&$df a9L x|f; vr{ s§L u/]sf] /sdnfO{ cdfGo u/L nfUg] s/ ?=(@ nfvdf 5fglag u/L
z'Ns / Aofh;d]t c;'n ug{'kb{5 .
81. k'FhLut vr{ s§L – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !% df Jofkf/ df}Hbftsf] nfut u0fgf ubf{ n]vfsf]
;j{dfGo l;4fGtcGt{ut k|ToIf ;fdu|L, >d, sf/vfgf lz/f]ef/ nfut a/fa/ x'g] u/L Jofkf/
df}Hbftsf] nfut u0fgf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . lz/f]ef/ nfutdf dd{t ;'wf/ / x|f; s§L afktsf] s'g}
/sd ;dfj]z gx'g] pkbkmf *-u_ df pNn]v 5 . cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, bdssf] Ps s/bftfn]
k]; u/]sf] @)&@.&# sf] ljQLo ljj/0f cg';f/ o; jif{ d]l;g/L cGt{ut ?=% s/f]8 $$ nfv &)
xhf/ d"Nosf] l;ln08/ k'FhLs[t u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} pQm k'FhLs[t ;DklQnfO{ k|ToIf vr{ tkm{ nfutdf
;dfj]z u/L vr{ s§L lnPsf] 5 . t;y{ pQm vr{nfO{ cdfGo u/L ;+zf]lwt s/ lgwf{/0f cfb]z kl5
sfod ePsf] gf]S;fgL ?=@ s/f]8 @@ nfv #@ xhf/ ;dfof]hg u/L x'g] gfkmf ?=# s/f]8 @@ nfv #*
cy{ dGqfno
xhf/nfO{ s/bftfsf] cfodf ;dfj]z ubf{ nfUg] @% k|ltzt s/ ?=*) nfv %( xhf/ / ;f]df nfUg]
z'Ns tyf Aofh;d]t c;'n ug''{kb{5 .
82. u|fxssf] k|of]udf /x]sf] ;DklQ – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf & cg';f/ ;]jf z'NsnfO{ cfodf
;dfj]z ug'{kb{5 . cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no nlntk'/ ! sf ;~rf/ ;DaGwL sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ps
s/bftfn] @)&@.&# df ?=!# s/f]8 !! nfv *% xhf/ cfDbfgL / ?=#! s/f]8 (% nfv @) xhf/ vr{
b]vfPsf] 5 eg] @)&#.&$ df ?=!% s/f]8 %$ nfv %* xhf/ cfDbfgL / ?=@* s/f]8 () nfv (*
xhf/ vr{ b]vfO{ xfn;Ddsf] ;l~rt gf]S;fgL ?=%( s/f]8 $& nfv $ xhf/ k''u]sf] 5 . s/bftfn]
pQm /sddWo] ?=#* s/f]8 ! nfv $# xhf/sf] ;]6 ck aS; tyf sf8{nfO{ u|fxsn] k|of]u u/]sf] /
?=@^ s/f]8 $ nfv @) xhf/ ;DklQ ljj/0fdf /fv]sf] 5 . u|fxsn] k|of]u u/]sf] ;]6 ck aS;
s/bftfsf] ;DklQ geP klg x|f; vr{ ?=( s/f]8 *% nfv @( xhf/ bfaL u/]sf] 5 . pkef]Qmfn] k'/}
/sd e'QmfgL u/L pkof]u u/]sf] ;fdu|L s/bftfsf] ;DklQ gePsf] ;DaGwdf yk 5fglag u/L
k'FhLs[t ;DklQ ?=#* s/f]8 ! nfv $# xhf/nfO{ lg;u{ u/]/ lghsf] gf]S;fgL ?=@! s/f]8 $% nfv
^! xhf/ sfod u/fpg s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
83. gf]S;fgL s§L – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf @)-v_ cg';f/ Joj;fo jf nufgLaf6 ePsf] cfo u0fgf
ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu ;f] Joj;foaf6 Joxf]g'{ k/]sf] ljut & cfo jif{sf] s§L x'g gkfPsf] gf]S;fgL dfq
;dfof]hg ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
83.1 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, l;d/fsf Ps s/bftfn] o; jif{ ljut jif{sf] gf]S;fgL egL ?=& s/f]8 $*
nfv *) xhf/ gf]S;fgL s§L lnPsf]df ljut & jif{ ;Ddsf] gf]S;fgL ?=# s/f]8 !% nfv ($
xhf/dfq /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ctM @)&#.&$ df a9L gf]S;fgL bfaL u/]sf] ?=$ s/f]8 #@ nfv *^ xhf/
cdfGo u/L @% k|ltztn] nfUg] s/ ?=! s/f]8 * nfv @! xhf/ / ;f]df nfUg] z'Ns tyf Aofh ;d]t
c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
83.2 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, lqk'/]Zj/sf Ps s/bftfn] @)^%.^^ sf] gf]S;fgL ?=# s/f]8 % nfv #&
xhf/nfO{ @)&@.&# df s§f u/L @)&#.&$ ;Ddsf] gf]S;fgL ?=$ s/f]8 *$ nfv $ xhf/df pQm
/sd 36fO{ ? ! s/f]8 &* nfv ^& xhf/ gf]S;fg sfod ug''{kg]{df ptm /sd 36fPsf] 5}g .
s/bftfsf] @)&#.&$ df :jfldTj kl/jt{g x'Fbf ut jif{sf] gf]S;fgL ?=! s/f]8 &* nfv ^& xhf/ dfq
lhDd]jf/L Nofpg'kg]{df ? % s/f]8 &( xhf/ ;f/L NofPsf] sf/0fn] km/s ?=# s/f]8 @@ nfv !! xhf/
gfkmf Go"g x'g uPsf] 5 . t;y{ :jfldTj kl/jt{gsf] lx;fa u0fgf ubf{ plNnlvt sfg'gL
Joj:yfcg';f/ & jif{ k'/fgf] gf]S;fgL ;dfof]hg gu/]sf] sf/0fn] /fh:j 36L c;'n x'g uPsf] ? *)
nfv %# xhf/df z'Ns / Aofh;d]t lx;fa u/L s/ lgwf{/0f u/]/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
83.3 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nosf Ps s/bftfn] ut jif{ / of] jif{sf] cf};t C0f ?=%( s/f]8 !* nfv !%
xhf/ /x]sf]df ?=# s/f]8 (* nfv !* xhf/ Aofh vr{ n]v]sf] 5 . ;f] C0fdWo] @)&#.&$ df elugL
;+:yfnfO{ ?=@* s/f]8 #% nfv (^ xhf/ ;fk6L lbPsf] 5 . pQm ;fk6Laf6 cfo k|fKt u/]sf] 5}g .
s/bftf ljut & jif{b]lv lg/Gt/ gf]S;fgLdf /x]sf]df & jif{ k5fl8sf] gf]S;fgL / C0f cGoq kl/rfng
u/]sf] ;DaGwdf yk 5fglag u/L cg'kflts Aofh vr{ ?=! s/f]8 () nfv *! xhf/ cdfGo u/L
gf]S;fgL ;dfof]hg ug{ s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
84. C0fsf] k|of]u– cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !$ cg';f/ cfo cfh{gsf] l;nl;nfdf lnPsf] C0fsf]
Aofh vr{ s§L ug{ kfOg] Joj:yf 5 . To:t} a}+lsË s;'/ tyf ;hfo P]g, @)^$ sf] bkmf * df s;}n]
klg a}Í jf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 h'g k|of]hgsf] nflu shf{ lnPsf] xf] ;f]xL k|of]hgdf gnufO{ cGoq k|of]u
u/L jf u/fO{ shf{sf] b'?kof]u ug'{ jf u/fpg gx'g] Joj:yf 5 . o:tf] s;'/ u/]df Ps s/f]8eGbf a9L
lauf] ePsf] cj:yfdf tLg jif{b]lv kfFr jif{;Dd s}b x'g ;Sg] k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf
b]lvPsf s]xL Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
84.1 s/bftfn] Joj;fo k|of]hgsf nflu a}Íaf6 C0f lnO{ ;Da4 kIfnfO{ lbO{ cGo k|of]hgdf k|of]u ug]{
u/]sf] kfOof] . 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nocGt{ut o;;DaGwL s]xL pbfx/0f lgDgfg';f/ 5gM

cy{ dGqfno
-? xhf/df_
s/bftf cfly{s jif{ lnPsf] C0f C0fdWo] cGoq k|of]u
Ps l8li6«Ao'6;{ @)&@.&# 134577 149878
Ps l8li6n/L = @)&#.&$ 318196 210730
Ps Po/nfOG; sDkgL @)&@.&# 1095900 208900
Ps xf8{j]o/ sDkgL @)&#.&$ 3127777 160048
o;k|sf/ Ps k|of]hgsf nflu lnPsf] C0f k|of]hg ljk/Lt pkof]u u/]sf]df a}+lsª s;"/ tyf
;hfo P]g, @)^$ cg';f/ 5fglag ;d]t ug'{kb{5 .
84.2 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, 7d]nsf Ps s/bftfn] @)&#.&$ df ?=! ca{ &$ s/f]8 #) nfv C0f lnO{
?= @) s/f]8 (( nfv %) xhf/ Aofh vr{ bfaL u/]sf] 5 . k|fKt C0fdWo] ?=! ca{ @! s/f]8 &^
nfv elugL ;+:yfdf nufgL u/]sf] b]lvPsf]df tL ;+:yfaf6 k|ltkmn k|fKt u/]sf] 5}g . ;Da4 s+kgLdf
nufgLsf] xsdf nufgLsf] cfo Joo 5'§} lgwf{/0f ug'{kg{]df ;f] ;d]t u/]sf] b]lvPg . cGoq nufgL
u/]sf] ?=! ca{ @! s/f]8 &^ nfvsf] cf};t Aofhb/ !@=)% k|ltztsf] x'g] Aofh vr{ ?=!$ s/f]8 ^&
nfv @! xhf/ vr{nfO{ cdfGo u/L @% k|ltztn] x'g] s/ ?=# s/f]8 ^^ nfv *) xhf/df s/ /
z'Ns;d]t lx;fa u/L c;'n ug{ 5fglag x''g'kb{5 .
84.3 7""nf s/bftf sfof{nosf Ps s/bftfn] @)&#.&$df ?= #( s/f]8 $$ nfv %^ xhf/ C0f lnO{ ?=#
s/f]8 *$ nfv @^ xhf/ Aofh vr{ n]v]sf]n] ;/b/ Aofhb/ (=&% k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . Joj;fosf] nflu
lnPsf] C0fdWo] ?=!$ s/f]8 $* nfv %$ xhf/ ljleGg sDkgLdf nufgL u/]sf] / ?=# s/f]8 (*
nfv ** xhf/ cGoq ;fk6L lbPsf]df ;f] nufgLaf6 Joj;fodf k|ltkmn k|fKt u/]sf] 5}g . t;y{
cg'kflts Aofh vr{ ? ! s/f]8 *) nfv !@ xhf/nfO{ s/ of]Uo cfodf ;dfj]z u/L #) k|ltzt s/
? %$ nfv # xhf/df z'Ns;d]t lx;fa u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
85. lgoGq0fdf kl/jt{g – cfos/ P]g,@)%* sf] bkmf %&-!_ cg';f/ ljut # jif{sf] :jfldTjsf] t'ngfdf
%) k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L :jfldTj kl/jt{g ePdf ;f] lgsfon] cfˆgf] :jfldTjsf] ;DklQ jf cfk"mn]
jxg u/]sf] bfloTj lg;u{ u/]sf] dflgg], To:tf] lg;u{nfO{ bkmf $! df ydf}tL ;lxtsf] lg;u{ dflgg],
bkmf %&-@_ cg';f/ :jfldTj kl/jt{g x'g'eGbf cl3 ;f] lgsfonfO{ x'g uPsf] gf]S;fgL bkmf @)
cg';f/ s§L ug{ gkfpg] / lg;u{ x'Fbf ;DklQsf] xsdf ahf/ d"Nocg';f/ d"Nof+sg ePsf] / bfloTjsf]
xsdf ahf/ d"Nocg';f/sf] lg;u{ ePsf] dflgg] Joj:yf 5 . o;;DaGwL s]xL pbfx/0f lgDgfg';f/
/x]sf 5g\M
-? xhf/df_
cfGtl/s /fh:j gf]S;fgL gf]S;fgL s§L kZrft\sf] sfod ug'{kg]{ ydf}tL ;lxtsf] bkmf (% s-@_ v
qm=;+ s/bftf
sfof{no ;dfof]hg ug'{kg]{ nfedf x'g] s/ ahf/ d"No lg;u{df nfe u0fgf cg';f/sf] nfe
1 eb|k'/ 1 778 - 62578 - -
2 bds 1 2685 - 8891 - -
3 w/fg 1 - - 566 - 341
4 lj/f6gu/ 1 - - 12340 - 476
5 lqk'/]Zj/ 1 - - 12600 - 119
6 l;d/f 2 11603 - 73411 - 211
7 jL/uGh 2 103150 - 15334 - 0
8 e'Qmk'/ 1 1905 1356 - 2600 3379
9 7"nf s/bftf 7 495951 4194 256661 - 15022
10 6Ëfn 1 9681 - 36292 - -
!! nlntk'/ ! 2 799 - 5432 - 43
hDdf 20 626552 5550 484105 2600 19591
pko'{Qm tflnsfadf]lhd !! sfof{nocGtu{tdf @) s/bftfsf] lgoGq0fdf kl/jt{g ePsf]df P]gsf]

bkmf %&-@_ adf]lhd gf]S;fgL ;dfof]hg ug'{kg]{ ?=^@ s/f]8 ^% nfv %@ xhf/, bkmf @) cg';f/ gkfpg]
gf]S;fgL s§L kZrft\\ sfod x'g] nfedf x'g] s/ ?=%% nfv %) xhf/, ;DklQsf] ahf/ d"No sfod ug'{kg]{
cy{ dGqfno
?=$* s/f]8 $! nfv % xhf/sf] ahf/ d"No sfod u/L ;f]df x'g] nfe olsg ug'{kg]{, bkmf $) / $! sf]
ydf}tL;lxtsf] lg;u{df x'g] nfeaf6 k|fKt x'g] s/ ?=@^ nfv / bkmf (%s-@_v cg';f/sf] nfedf l;lh{t
s/ ?=! s/f]8 (% nfv (! xhf/ c;'n ug{ 5fglag ul/g'kb{5 .
86. z'Ns – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf %& -#_ cg';f/ s'g} lgsfosf] :jfldTjdf s'g} cfo jif{df bkmf
%&-!_ df plNnlvt lsl;dn] kl/jt{g ePdf ;f] cfo jif{sf] :jfldTj kl/jt{g cl3 / kl5sf]
efux?nfO{ 5'§f5'§} cfo jif{x?sf] ?kdf dflgg] pNn]v 5 . cfos/ P]gsf] bkmf (^ cg';f/ cfo
ljj/0f k]; gug]{sf] xsdf bkmf !!&-u_ cg';f/ k|lt jif{ )=! k|ltztsf b/n] z'Ns nfUg] Joj:yf
ePsf]df * sfof{nosf !& s/bftfn] :jfldTj kl/jt{g cl3sf] cfo ljj/0f xfn;Dd klg k];
gu/]sf]n] @)&).&! b]lv @)&#.&$ ;Ddsf] sf/f]af/ ?=% ca{ @! s/f]8 *# nfvdf ljleGg cfly{s jif{
cg';f/ nfUg] z'Ns ?=! s/f]8 %) nfv / ;f]df nfUg] Aofh ;d]t lx;fa u/L s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
87. g]6jy{ rfl/qLs/0f – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf $% -!_ sf] -s_ cg';f/ ;DklQsf] lg;u{ x'g'
tTsfn cl3 ;f] ;DklQsf] ahf/ d"No jf ;f]]sf] v'b vr{dWo] h'g a9L x'G5 ;f] /sd k|fKt ePsf]
dflgg] Joj:yf 5 . cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no lj/f6gu/, w/fgnufot * sfof{nosf !@ s/bftfsf]
@)&#.&$ / @)&$.&% sf] ;l~rt d'gfkmf /x]sf] cj:yfdf :jfldTj kl/jt{g ubf{ pQm d'gfkmf
/sdnfO{ df}h'bf ;]o/ ;+Vofsf] lx;fan] lk|ldod u0fgf u/L P]gsf] bkmf $% adf]lhd s'g} k|ltkmn
glnO{ x:tfGt/0f ubf{ ;DklQ tyf bfloTjsf] rfl/qLs/0f ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf cg'?k d"Nof+sg u/]sf]
kfOPg . s/bftf g]kfn lwtf]kq af]8{df ;"rLs[t gePsf] x'Fbf ;]o/ d"NofÍgsf ljleGg ljlwdWo]
sDkgLsf] lstfaL d"Nosf] g]6 jy{sf] cfwf/df ;]o/sf] d"No sfod ubf{ P]gsf] bkmf #& adf]lhd laqmL
ePsf] ;]o/ ?=# ca{ @@ s/f]8 *^ nfvdf x'g] nfe ?=!% s/f]8 %$ nfv (% xhf/df !) k|ltztsf
b/n] s/ ?=! s/f]8 %% nfv %) xhf/ / ;f]df nfUg] z'Ns / Aofh ;d]t 5fglag u/L c;'n ug{'kb{5 .
88. laqmLsf] nfe u0fgf – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf %& cg';f/ s'g} lgsfosf] ljut # jif{ cl3 ;Ddsf]
:jfldTjsf] t'ngfdf %) k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf a9L :jfldTj kl/jt{g ePdf ;f] lgsfon] cfˆgf] :jfldTjsf]
;DklQ tyf bfloTj lg;u{ u/]sf] dflgg] pNn]v 5 . To;} u/L bkmf $) sf] pkbkmf -ª_ cg';f/ s'g}
lgsfosf] ;DaGwdf bkmf %& adf]lhdsf] cj:yfdf ;DklQ tyf bfloTj lg;u{ u/]sf] dflgg] pNn]v 5 .
;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf $! cg';f/ ;DklQsf] xsdf lg;u{sf] ;dodf ;f] ;DklQsf] ahf/ d"No a/fa/sf] d"No
k|fKt ePsf] dflgg] / lg;u{ ePsf] avt;Dd ;f] ;DklQ afkt ul/Psf v'b vr{x? -g]6 cfp6uf]O{U+;_
dflgg] Joj:yf 5 . bfloTjsf] xsdf lg;u{ ePsf] avt bfloTjsf] ahf/ d"No ;f] afkt vr{ u/]sf]
dflgg] / bfloTj afkt ul/Psf v'b cfDbfgLx? vr{ a/fa/ dflgg] Joj:yf 5 .
7"nf s/bftf sfof{nocGt{utsf] b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ps s/bftfsf] @)&@.&# df
*) k|ltzt lgoGq0f / k|efjsf/L Joj:yfkg ug]{ dn]l;og sDkgLn] k|sfzg u/]sf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg
@)!& cg';f/ s/bftfsf] lxt lgoGq0f ug]{ csf]{ Ps sDkgLnfO{ k|flKt ug]{ sfo{ ;DkGg u/]sf] pNn]v
5 . ljQLo k|ltj]bgsf] gf]6 $% df u/]sf] v'nf;fcg';f/ s/bftfsf] s'n ;DklQ ?=@ va{ @ ca{ $^
s/f]8 -dn]l;og l/+u]6 & ca{ $$ s/f]8 (! nfv_ / ltg{'kg]{ bfloTjdf ? &) ca{ $$ s/f]8 -
dn]lzog l/+u]6 @ ca{ %( s/f]8 !^ nfv_ pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . h;af6 s/bftfsf] v'b ;DklQ ?=! vj{
#@ ca{ @ s/f]8 x'g] :ki6 b]lvG5 . pQm sDkgLsf] ljQLo k|ltj]bg / vl/b laqmL x''Fbfsf] avt ;f]
s/bftfsf] jf;nft cg';f/ lgDgfg';f/sf] ;DklQ tyf bfloTjsf] cj:yf b]lvG5 .
-?= xhf/df_
g]kfnL ?k}ofF s/bftfsf] ljQLo ljj/0f
ljj/0f dn]lzog l/+u]6
-ljlgdo b/ ?=@&=!*_ cg';f/sf] lstfaL d"No
vl/b laqmL ;Demf}tf cg';f/ 5327469 144800607
s'n ;DklQ 7449109 202466783 117515340
s'n bfloTj 2591629 70440476 59635499
g]6jy{ 4857483 132026388 57879841
gg\ sG6«f]ln+u OG6«]:6 (909643) (24724096)
Voflt 1843824 50115136

cy{ dGqfno
s/bftfn] k]; u/]sf] cfo ljj/0f cg';f/ v'b ;DklQsf] lstfaL d"No ?=%& ca{ *& s/f]8
(* nfv 5 . s/bftfn] bkmf %& cg';f/ :jfldTj kl/jt{g x'g' cl3 / kl5sf] cjlwnfO{ cnu cnu
cfo jif{ dfgL v'b nfe ?=@$ s/f]8 *# nfv b]vfO{ cfo ljj/0f k]; u/]sf] 5 . s/bftfn] ;]o/
vl/b laqmL x'Fbfsf] ;Demf}tf nufotsf ljj/0fx? pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g . o; ;DaGwdf ljut jif{sf]
k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v u/]klg xfn;Dd cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf %& adf]lhd nfUg] s/ olsg u/]sf]
5}g . pQm ljj/0fsf] cfwf/df s/bftfsf] ;DklQsf] v'b d"No ?=! va{ #@ ca{ @ s/f]8nfO{ v'b k|flKt
/ ;f] cjlwsf] jf;nftsf] lstfaL d"No ?=%& ca{ *& s/f]8 larsf] km/snfO{ bkmf %& sf] k|of]hgsf]
nflu v'b nfe ?=&$ ca{ !$ s/f]8df s/bftfn] @)&#.^.@! df k]; u/]sf] cfo ljj/0fdf 3f]if0ff
u/]sf] nfe ?=@$ s/f]8 *# nfv 36fO{ afFsL x'g] ?=&# ca{ *( s/f]8df cfos/ P]g, @)%* cg';f/
@% k|ltztn] ?=!* ca{ $& s/f]8 s/ lgwf{/0f Pj+ c;'n ePsf] 5}g . ;f] /sddf VoftLafkt
dn]l;og sDkgLn] sfod u/]sf] d"No ! ca{ *$ s/f]8 #* nfv l/lË6sf] x'g] ?=%) ca{ !! s/f]8 %!
nfv;d]t ;dfj]z ubf{ pQm /sd ce}m a9\g] b]lvG5 . t;y{ cfos/ P]gadf]lhd nfUg] s/ z'Ns,
Aofh;d]t 5fglag u/L s/ lgwf{/0f x'g'kb{5 .
89. Aofhsf] k'FhLs/0f – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !$ df Joj;fosf] cfo cfh{gsf] nflu lnPsf]
C0fsf] Aofh vr{ s§L ug{ kfpg] / pkbkmf !-s_ cg';f/ cfo jif{df k|of]u ul/Psf] ;DklQ vl/b ug{
k|of]u ul/Psf] C0fdf nfu]sf] Aofh vr{ s§L ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf 5 . g]kfn n]vfdfg @# n] ;DklQ
k|of]u of]Uo geP;Ddsf] Aofh k'FhLs/0f ug]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . 7"nf s/bftf sfof{no;lxt #
sfof{no cGtu{t % s/bftfn] k|of]udf gcfO;s]sf] ejg lgdf{0f tyf hUufdf k|of]u ePsf] C0fsf]
Aofh ?=!! s/f]8 @! nfv ;DalGwt ;DklQdf k'FhLs/0f gu/L vr{ s§L lnPsf]n] @ s/bftfsf] ?=%
s/f]8 !@ nfv %( xhf/ gf]S;fgL ;dfof]hg u/L afFsL # s/bftfsf] ?=^ s/f]8 * nfv %$ xhf/
vr{ s§L cdfGo ubf{ x'g] cfosf] s/ ?=! s/f]8 %@ nfv !# xhf/ Aofh tyf z'Ns;d]t s/ lgwf{/0f
ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
90. c:jfefljs vr{ – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !# cg';f/ cfo cfh{gsf] l;nl;nfdf ePsf] vr{ s§L
kfpg] Joj:yf 5 . To:t} cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefusf] @)^*.!.!( sf] s/ k/LIf0f;DaGwL lgb]{zgsf] a'Fbf
% df k]6«f]n kDkx?n] k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ laqmL ubf{ aLhs gdfUg] qm]tfnfO{ lbge/ laqmL u/]sf] kl/df0fsf]
Psd'i6 aLhs hf/L ubf{ l6 cfsf/df laqmL b]vfPsf] aLhs hfFr ug]{ pNn]v 5 . o; ;DaGwL
b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
90.1 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, aQL;k'tnLsf Ps s/bftfn] d''u' ljdfg:yn, /f/fsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ u/] afkt
ljdfg:yn sfof{noaf6 l/6]lgª jfn, vGg] / 9'+uf df6f] la5\ofpg] sfo{sf] nflu ?=% s/f]8 @ nfv &(
xhf/ e'QmfgL k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . lghn] k]z u/]sf] jf;nftdf lgdf0f{ ;fdu|L df}Hbft afx]s cGo ;fdfg
df}Hbft b]lvFb}g . d'u'sf] /f/fdf sfd ug]{ s/bftfn] x]6f}F8fsf] Ps k]6«f]n kDkaf6 ? ! s/f]8 ! nfv
%( xhf/;d]t ?=! s/f]8 #( nfv !% xhf/sf] O{Gwg vr{ b]vfPsf] 5 eg] 9'jfgL vr{ bfaL u/]sf] 5}g
. ptm vr{ of] cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{df k|of]u ePsf] k'li6 x'g] cfwf/ b]lvFb}g . s/bftfn] cGoq sfd
u/]sf] ;d]t gb]lvPsf] / @)&!.&@ sf] cfo ljj/0f @)&$.!@.#) df k]z u/]sf]n] yk 5fglag u/L ;f]
vr{ ?=! s/f]8 ! nfv %( xhf/nfO{ s/ k|of]hgsf nflu 5'6 glbO{ s/ of]Uo cfodf ;dfj]z u/L
nfUg] s/ ?=@% nfv $) xhf/ / ;f] /sdsf] qm]l86 d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=!# nfv @! xhf/ ;d]t ?
#* nfv ^) xhf/df z'Ns / Aofh;d]t lgwf{/0f u/]/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
90.2 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, nxfgcGtu{t k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ps s/bftfn] @)&#.&$ df
g]kfn cfon lgud;Fu ?=( s/f]8 $) nfv () xhf/sf] O{Gwg vl/b u/]sf]df ?=( s/f]8 @( nfv &
xhf/ -(*=&% k|ltzt_ OGwg #% lgdf{0f tyf cGo Joj;foLnfO{ laqmL b]vfPsf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs lghL
tyf ef8fsf] ;jf/L ;fwgnfO{ OGwg laqmL ug]{ k|of]hgn] btf{ eO{ /fhdfu{df ;+rflnt k]6«f]n kDkn]
c:jfefljs ?kdf OGwgsf] d"No clej[l4 s/ qm]l86 lng] Joj;foLnfO{ dfq laqmL u/]sf] b]vfPsf]n]
pQm sf/f]af/ oyfy{k/s /x]sf] dfGg ;lsPg . t;y{ of] s/bftfsf] sf/f]af/ / s/bftfn] cg';"rL !#
df laqmL b]vfPsf #% s/bftfn] a}Ídfkm{t e'QmfgL u/]sf] :6]6d]G6 ;d]t yk 5fglag u/L s/ bfloTj
olsg ug'{kb{5 .
cy{ dGqfno
90.3 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, sn+sLsf Ps s/bftfn] @)&#.&$ df ?=!@ s/f]8 * nfv #* xhf/sf]]
OGwg laqmL ubf{ ?= !) s/f]8 !! nfv $* xhf/ -*$ k|ltzt_ lgdf{0f Joj;foL tyf cGonfO{ laqmL
u/]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs, lghL ef8fsf ;jf/L ;fwgnfO{ OGwg laqmL ug]{ p2]Zon] btf{ eO{
/fhdfu{df ;+rflnt k]6«f]n kDkn] *$ k|ltzt OGwg Joj;foLnfO{ dfq laqmL u/]sf] ljifodf lghsf]
a+}Í vftf, lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] a}lsË dfWodaf6 e'QmfgL lbPsf] k|df0f ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L s/
bfloTjdf k/]sf] c;/ olsg ug'{kb{5 .
90.4 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, 7d]nsf Ps s/bftfn] @)&#.&$ df ?= $ s/f]8 ^! nfv !% xhf/sf]
laqmLdWo] elugL ;+:yfnfO{{ ?=$ s/f]8 #$ nfv *& xhf/sf] laqmL u/]sf] / ;f]xL ;+:yfaf6 ?=! s/f]8
!( nfv &% xhf/sf] vl/b u/]sf] 5 . s/bftfn] ;a} ;fdfg cfˆgf] elugL ;+:yfnfO{ laqmL u/]sf]
cj:yfdf k|zf;lgs sfo{sf] nflu ?=!^ nfv $& xhf/ / laqmL ljt/0fdf ?=$ s/f]8 #^ nfv $^
xhf/ -laqmLsf] ($=^% k|ltzt _ vr{ n]v]sf] /sd :jefljs gb]lvPsf]n] ;f] /sdnfO{ s/of]Uo cfodf
;dfj]z u/L lghsf] gf]S;fgL ;dfof]hg ubf{ cfpg] gfkmf ?=# s/f]8 #$ nfv #^ xhf/df @% k|ltzt
s/ ?=*# nfv %( xhf/df z'Ns / Aofh ;d]t lx;fa u/L s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
91. 36L df}Hbft — cfos/ P]g @)%* sf] bkmf !% cg';f/ cfo cfh{gsf] l;nl;nfdf ePsf] nfut vr{
s§f ug{ kfOg] Joj:yf 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDg 5g\M
91.1 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, sf]6]Zj/sf Ps s/bftfn] @)&#.&$ sf] eG;f/ tYofÍ cg';f/ ?=!# s/f]8
!$ nfv *^ xhf/sf] ;fdu|L k}7f/L u/L ?=! s/f]8 &! nfv *! xhf/ d"No clej[l4 s/ bflvnf
u/]sf] b]lvG5 . t/ d"No clej[l4 s/ ljj/0fdf ?=* s/f]8 *@ nfv !) xhf/dfq k}7f/L b]vfPsf]n]
?=$ s/f]8 #@ nfv &^ xhf/ 36L vl/b n]vfÍg u/]sf] ;DaGwdf yk 5fglag u/L ;f] /sdnfO{
s/of]Uo cfodf ;dfj]z u/]/ nfUg] s/ ?=! s/f]8 * nfv !( xhf/df z'Ns / d"No clej[l4 s/;d]t
c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
91.2 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no nlntk'/ ! sf Ps s/bftfn] :jf:Yo k/LIf0f;Fu ;DalGwt ;fdu|Lsf] clGtd
df}Hbft @)&#.&$ df ?=# s/f]8 $& nfv b]vfPsf]df @)&$.&% tyf @)&% df3;Dd s'g} laqmL
gb]vfPsf] cj:yf 5 . ;fdu|Lsf] k|s[ltcg';f/ jif{ e/ g} laqmL gePsf] ;DaGwdf yk 5fglag u/L ;f]
nfO{ df}Hbft 36]sf] ;/x s/ lgwf{/0f ug{'kg{] b]lvG5 .
92. ;Da4 kIfsf] sf/f]af/ – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf ## adf]lhd ;Da4 kIfsf] sf/f]af/af6 s/
bfloTj Go"g ug]{ k|of; ePsf]df 5fglag ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f
lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
92.1 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nosf ;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ps s/bftfn] @)&).&! df xf]lN8ª
sDkgLaf6 ?=@ ca{ $^ s/f]8 $% nfv C0f lnO{ ?=!( s/f]8 * nfv !^ xhf/ Aofh vr{ e'QmfgL
u/]sf] 5 . t/ xf]lN8ª sDkgLnfO{ lbPsf] ;fk6L ut jif{ ?=! ca{ &) s/f]8 %* nfv @# xhf/ / o;
jif{ ?=! ca{ (@ s/f]8 && nfv (& xhf/ /x]sf] 5 . pQm ;fk6Laf6 Aofh cfDbfgL u/]sf] b]lvPg .
C0f lnPsf] /sddWo] &*=@@ k|ltzt ;f]xL sDkgLnfO{ k]:sL lbPsf] 5 . s/bftfn] C0fsf] Aofh vr{
bfaL u/]sf] ?=!( s/f]8 * nfv !& xhf/dWo] ;fk6Lsf] cg'kftdf cfpg] ?=!$ s/f]8 (@ nfv %&
xhf/ cdfGo u/L ;f]df #) k|ltztn] x'g] s/ ?=$ s/f]8 $& nfv && xhf/df z'Ns Pj+ Aofh;lxt
c;'nLsf] nflu s/ lgwf{/0f x'g'kb{5 .
92.2 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, eQmk'/cGtu{tsf] Ps OlGhgLol/ª sn]hn] @)&$.&% df kfFr ;~rfnsnfO{
ut jif{b]lv g} ?=!# s/f]8 $ nfv #& xhf/ ;fk6L b]vfPsf] 5 . pQm /sdsf] kl/rfngaf6 s'g} cfo
n]vfÍg u/]sf] 5}g . jif{el/ g} af]8{ ;b:onfO{ lgJof{hL ;fk6L pknAw u/fPsf] ;DaGwdf yk 5fglag
u/L pQm /sddf cfos/ P]g @)%* adf]lhd ;fdfGo Aofhb/ !) k|ltztn] x'g] ? ! s/f]8 #) nfv
$$ xhf/df @% k|ltzt s/ ?=#@ nfv ^! xhf/ / ;f]df nfUg] z'Ns tyf Aofh ;d]t c;'n ug{
5fglag ug'{kb{5 .

cy{ dGqfno
92.3 cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf $%-!_ cg';f/ s'g} JolStn] s'g} ;DklQ ;Da4 JolQmnfO{ x:tfGt/0f
u/]df ;f] ;DklQ lg;u{ x'g'eGbf tTsfn cl3sf] ;DklQsf] ahf/ d"No jf ;f] ;DklQafkt ePsf]] v'b
vr{dWo] h'g a9L x'G5 ;f] k|fKt u/]sf] dflgg] JoJf:yf 5 . cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no 6Ëfnsf Ps
s/bftfn] @)&@.&# df cfˆgf] elugL ;+:yfnfO{ ?=% s/f]8 $* nfv &$ xhf/sf] l:y/ ;DklQ ?=@
s/f]8df laqmL u/]sf] pNn]v u/L of] jif{ s/ k|of]hgdf ?=! s/f]8 ^% nfv ## xhf/ gf]S;fgL ;f/]sf]
b]lvof] . ;Da4 kIfaLrsf] pQm sf/f]af/sf] ahf/ d"No olsg u/]sf] 5}g . t;y{ ;DklQsf] v'b vr{nfO{
cfwf/ lnFbf x|f;kl5sf] Go"gtd d"No ?=% s/f]8 $* nfv &$ xhf/ x'g]df km/s u/L b]vfPsf]
laqmLdf P]gsf] plNnlvt bkmf cg';f/ km/s ?=! s/f]8 *# nfv $) xhf/df @% k|ltzt s/ ?=$%
nfv *% xhf/df z'Ns / Aofh ;d]t lx;fa u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
93. ;]o/sf] k'FhLut nfes/ – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf (%s -@_ df g]kfn lwtf]kq af]8{df ;"rLs[t
ePsf] lgsfosf] lxtsf] lg;u{af6 k|fKt nfedf % k|ltzt s/ nfUg] Joj:yf 5 . nfe u0fgf ug]{
k|of]hgsf nflu a's Snf]h ubf{sf] clGtd d"NonfO{ af]g; tyf xsk|b ;]o/sf] cg'kftn] ;dfof]hg
u/L cf};t u0fgf ubf{ cfpg] cÍdf k'gM # k6ssf] ahf/ d"Nosf] cf};t lnO{ sfod ePsf] cfwf/
d"NonfO{ vr{ 5'6 lbg] cy{ dGqL:t/af6 @)^%.*.@@ df lg0f{o ePsf] 5 . of] Joj:yf k'FhLut nfe
s/ lgwf{/0f ug]{ csf]{ Joj:yf geP;Ddsf nflu nfu" ePsf] lyof] . ;]o/sf] jf:tljs lt/]sf]
nfutnfO{ cfwf/ glnO{ ahf/ d"Nosf] cfwf/df ;dfof]hg ubf{ nfut vr{ a9L bfaL x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
o;/L clÍt d"NoeGbf af]g; tyf xsk|b ;]o/sf] jf:tljs nfut a9L ;dfof]hg eO{ k'FhLut nfes/
36L bflvnf ePsf] 5 .
o; jif{ ?=!$ ca{ *) s/f]8 @! nfvsf] xsk|b / af]g; ;]o/ laqmL u/]sf]df oyfy{ nfut
?=@ ca{ #) s/f]8 $$ nfv s§f u/L ?=!@ ca{ $( s/f]8 &^ nfvdf cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf]
cg';"rL !-$_v# adf]lhd % k|ltztn] x'g] s/ ?=^@ s/f]8 $* nfv *! xhf/ c;'n x'g'kg]{df ?=$
s/f]8 () nfv !) xhf/ dfq c;'n ePsf]n] ?=%& s/f]8 %* nfv &! xhf/ 5'6 ePsf] b]lvG5 .
o;;DaGwL Joxf]/f ut jif{ cf}+NofP klg l:ylt oyfjt\ 5 . o;af6 k/]sf] c;/ olsg u/L /fh:j
c;'nLdf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg'kb{5 .
94. ;+:yfks ;]o/sf] Go"g d"NofÍg – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf #&-!_ df s'g} ;DklQ jf bfloTjsf]
lg;u{ ubf{ k|fKt cfDbfgLsf] eGbf ;f] ;DklQ jf bfloTj afktsf] vr{ -cfp6 u]fO+U;_ 36L ePsf]df
km/s /sd cfo dfgL u0fgf ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;+:yfkg ;]o/sf] vl/b laqmL sf/f]af/ x'Fbf k'FhLut
nfes/ u0fgfsf nflu dGqfnosf] @)^$.!@.% sf] dGqL:t/Lo lg0f{odf v'b ;DklQ ;sf/fTds ePsf]
sDkgLsf] xsdf ut jif{sf] lstfaL d"Nosf] % u'0ff jf ;fwf/0f ;]o/sf] ahf/ d"Nosf] %) k|ltzt
dWo] h'g sd x'G5 ;f] d"No jf ;f]eGbf a9L d"Nodf sf/f]af/ d"No sfod ug{ ;lsg] / v'b ;DklQ
C0ffTds ePsf] sDkgLsf] xsdf !*) lbgsf] cf};t ahf/ d"Nosf] %) k|ltzt jf sf/f]af/ ePsf]
lbgsf] ahf/ d"Nosf] %) k|ltztdWo] h'g sd x'G5 ;f]eGbf a9L d"Nodf u0fgf ug]{ pNn]v 5 .
;fwf/0f ;]o/sf] %) k|ltzt x'g] u/L ;+:yfks ;]o/sf] d"No sfod ug]{ cfwf/ b]lvFb}g .
ljleGg &@ sDkgLn] @)&$.&% df @ s/f]8 %% nfv @) xhf/ #@@ lsQf ;+:yfks ;]o/
?=!) ca{ ^$ s/f]8 !$ nfvdf laqmL u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm ;]o/ sf/f]af/ ePsf] lbgsf] ;fwf/0f
;]o/sf] Go"gtd d"Nodf laqmL ubf{ klg ?=!% ca{ ^^ s/f]8 *& nfv x'g] b]lvG5 . t;y{ laqmLdf
km/s k/]sf] ?=% ca{ @ s/f]8 &@ nfvdf ;d]t k'FhLut nfes/ u0fgf Pj+ c;'n ug'{kg]{df pQm lg0f{o
cg';f/ nfes/sf] u0fgf u/]sf] sf/0f % k|ltztsf b/n] k'FhLut nfes/ ?=@% s/f]8 !# nfv 36L
c;'n ePsf]n] ;f] lg0f{odf k'g/fjnf]sg x'g'kb{5 .
95. ;]o/ lgisfzg vr{ – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !# df s'g} JolQmn] s'g} cfo jif{df s'g} Joj;fo
jf nufgLaf6 ePsf] cfo u0fgf ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu o; P]gsf] cwLgdf /xL sf/f]af/;Fu ;DalGwt
vr{x? s§L ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf 5 . ljleGg @# a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yf, aLdf sDkgLn] @)&@.&# /
@)&#.&$ df k'FhL a9fpg ;fwf/0f ;]o/, xsk|b ;]o/, cltl/Qm ;]o/ cflb hf/L ubf{ ePsf] vr{ ?=#(
s/f]8 %( nfv ;DalGwt zLif{ssf] hu]8faf6 vr{ n]Vg'kg]{df gfkmf gf]S;fg lx;faaf6 vr{ n]vL vr{

cy{ dGqfno
bfaL u/]sf] ;DaGwdf yk 5fglag u/L #) k|ltztn] x'g] s/ ? !! s/f]8 *& nfv z'Ns Pj+
Aofh;lxt c;'nL x'g'kb{5 .
96. bL3{sfnLg s/f/ – cfos/ P]gsf] bkmf @^ tyf lgodfjnL, @)%( sf] lgod !@ df s'g} JolQmnfO{
s'g} cfo jif{df Joj;foaf6 ePsf] cfo u0fgf ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu ;f] JolQmsf] bL3{sfnLg s/f/
cGtu{t s/f/sf] ;DkGg k|ltztcg';f/ qmda4 j[l4sf] of]ucg';f/ ;dfj]z x'g] / qmda4 j[l4sf]
of]ucg';f/ s§L ul/g] cg'dflgt /sd, k|fKt ul/Psf] jf vr{ ul/Psf] dflgg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . o;
;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
96.1 7"nf s/bftf sfof{no cGt{utsf Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] ck/ dfbL cfof]hgf;Fu @)&@.&#df ?=# ca{
(& s/f]8 @$ nfvsf] ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df cg'dflgt nfut ?=% ca{ !@ s/f]8 #! nfv /x]sfn] lgdf{0f
Joj;foLn] 7]Ssf lnFbf g} ?=! ca{ !% s/f]8 & nfv gf]S;fgLdf lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ pNn]v u/L
k]z u/]sf] bL3{sfnLg s/f/sf] ljj/0f oyfy{k/s b]lvPg . ;fj{hlgs vl/b sfg'gdf lgdf{0f
Joj;fosf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ !% k|ltzt cf]e/x]8 ;dfj]z ug]{ Joj:yf cg';f/ cf]e/x]8
afktsf] ?=%! s/f]8 *! nfv 36fpFbf cg'dflgt 7]Ssf nfut ?=# ca{ $% s/f]8 $@ nfv x'g cfpF5 .
of] jif{;Dd lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] (!=@* k|ltzt sfd u/]sf]n] ;f] lx;faaf6 cfof]hgf nfut clwstd
?=# ca{ !% s/f]8 #) nfv x'g] b]lvPsf] 5 . s/bftfn] ?=# ca{ (& s/f]8 &$ nfv b]vfPsf]n] km/s
?=*@ s/f]8 $$ nfv a9L vr{ bfaL u/]sf] ;DaGwdf yk 5fglag u/L lghsf] gf]S;fgL ?=@! s/f]8
^( nfv 36fO{ km/s ?=^) s/f]8 &% nfvnfO{ s/of]Uo cfodf ;dfj]z u/L @% k|ltzt s/ ?=!%
s/f]8 !* nfvdf z'Ns / Aofh;d]t 5fglag u/L c;'n ug{ s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
96.2 cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf @^ df bL3{sfnLg s/f/ cGtu{t ;dfj]z / s§L x'g] /sdx?df cf};t
lgsfNg] tl/sf pNn]v 5 . dWod:t/Lo s/bftf sfof{nosf Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] 7]Ssf cfo ?=$(
s/f]8 &$ nfv (! xhf/ /x]sf]df cg'dflgt nfut ?=%* s/f]8 #^ nfv *$ xhf/ b]vfO{ ?=* s/f]8
^! nfv (# xhf/ a9L nfut vr{ bfaL u/]sf] 5 . 7]Ssfsf] nfut cg'dfgdf !% k|ltzt cf]e/x]8
/xg] x'Fbf ;f]sf] cg'dflgt nfut ?=$( s/f]8 &$ nfv (! xhf/ x'g]df nfut ?=* s/f]8 ^! nfv (#
xhf/ a9fO{ k]; u/]sf] ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L s/ bfloTj olsg ug'{kb{5 .
96.3 dWod:t/Lo s/bftf sfof{nosf Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] cfo jif{ @)&).&! b]lv @)&@.&# sf]
bL3{sfnLg s/f/sf] cfwf/df cfo ljj/0f k]; ubf{ e]l/P;gafkt yk ePsf] ?=@$ s/f]8 %# nfv ()
xhf/nfO{ 7]Ssf cfodf ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5}g . e]l/o;g afktsf] /sd ;dfj]z gu/L cfo u0fgf ubf{
@)&@.&# ;Dddf ?=^ s/f]8 $^ nfv $$ xhf/ sd n]vfÍg ePsf]n] 5fglag u/L gf]S;fgL
;dfof]hg x'g'kb{5 .
96.4 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nocGtu{tsf] Ps sDkgLsf] s'n 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ?=* ca{ %# s/f]8 #( nfv (( xhf/
/ cg'dflgt nfut ?=* ca{ $% s/f]8 &% nfv &* xhf/ /x]sf]df @)&).&! b]lv @)&@.&# ;Ddsf] #
jif{df ?=%# s/f]8 &( nfv @ xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] 5 . bL3{sfnLg s/f/sf] ;DkGg k|ltzt ^=#^ k|ltzt x'g]
/ ;f]sf] cfwf/df s/ k|of]hgsf] nflu cfo ?=%$ s/f]8 @& nfv ^@ xhf/ cfo n]vfÍg ug'{kg]{df ?=%!
s/f]8 ^# nfv @& xhf/ dfq n]vfÍg u/]sf]n] 36L n]vfÍg u/]sf] ?=@ s/f]8 ^$ nfv #% xhf/sf] @%
k|ltzt s/ ?=^^ nfv * xhf/df z'Ns / Aofh;d]t lx;fa u/L s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
96.5 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nocGtu{tsf Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] @)&#.&$ df 7]Ssf cÍsf] !!% k|ltzt;Dd
aLdf u/fPsf]df ;+/rgf af9Ln] gi6 u/fPsf] n]vf l6Kk0fLdf pNn]v u/L ? * s/f]8 $$ nfv #* xhf/
vr{ u/]sf] 5 . t/ aLdf bfaL /sd cfodf n]vfÍg u/]sf] 5}g . aLdf bfaLaf6 ug'{kg]{ vr{ s/bftfn]
lgdf0f{ nfutdf ;dfj]z u/L vr{ bfaL u/]sf] /sdnfO{ s/ of]Uo cfodf ;dfj]z u/L @% k|ltzt s/
?=@ s/f]8 !! nfv ( xhf/df z'Ns;d]t lx;fa u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
97. u}/afl;Gbfsf] s/ – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf *(-#_ df afl;Gbf JolQmn] 7]Ssf jf s/f/ cGt{ut
u}/ afl;Gbf JolQmnfO{ lbg] cGo 7]Ssfsf] e'QmfgLdf % k|ltztsf b/n] s/ s§f ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
o;;DaGwL Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M

cy{ dGqfno
97.1 7"nf s/bftf sfof{no cGtu{tsf Ps l;d]G6 pBf]un] @)&@.&# df k/fdz{ ;]jf k|fKt ug{ Ps ljb]zL
;]jf k|bfos;Fu ?=! ca{ @% s/f]8 *) nfvdf ;Demf}tf u/L ?=@^ s/f]8 ^& nfv clu|d e'QmfgL
u/]sf] pNn]v 5 . pQm ;]jf k|bfos ;f] pBf]usf] pks/0f vl/b, h8fg / ;'k/lehgdf ;+nUg x'g]
l:ylt b]lvG5 . lgh ;]jf k|bfosn] :yfoL ;+:yfkg btf{ eO{ sf/f]af/ ug'{kg]{df u/]sf] 5}g . t;y{ yk
5fglag u/L ;f] e'QmfgL /sddf P]gsf] bkmf *( cg';f/ % k|ltzt clu|d s/ ?=! s/f]8 ## nfv #%
xhf/df z'Ns / Aofh ;lxt bflvnf ug{ s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
97.2 7"nf s/bftf sfof{no cGt{utsf Ps s/bftfn] @)&@.&# df k'FhLs/0f u/]sf] l:y/ ;DklQ ?=# ca{
&% s/f]8 ^ nfv !@ xhf/df d]l;g vl/b, pks/0f h8fg;d]t /x]sf] 5 . pQm sf/f]af/ ;DaGwdf
cg';"rL !# / n]vf l6Kk0fLdf v'nf;f u/]sf] 5}g . pks/0f vl/b tyf h8fg sfo{df cGt/f{li6«o
lj1sf] ;d]t ;+nUgtf x'g ;Sg] ;DaGwdf v'nf;f u/]sf] 5}g . s/ n]vfk/LIf0faf6 klg o; ;DaGwdf
l6Kk0fL gu/]sf]n] yk 5fglag u/L cfos/ P]g, @)%* cg';f/ :yfoL ;+:yfkgaf6 u/fPsf]df nfUg]
s/ z'Ns;d]t 5fglag u/L s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
98. ljb]zL :yfoL ;+:yfkg — cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf @-sª_ df g]kfndf !*# lbg jf ;f] eGbf a9L
g]kfndf /x]sf] JolQm afl;Gbf x'g] pNn]v 5 . afl;Gbf JolQmn] s/sf] bfo/fdf cfO{ nfUg] s/ bflvnf
ug'{kb{5 . ;f] ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
98.1 cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] cg";"rL ! cg';f/ ?=@% nfveGbf a9L kfl/>ldsdf #% k|ltzt s/ nfUg]
Joj:yf 5 . cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, lqk'/]Zj/sf Ps OlGhlgol/ª skf]{/];gn] @)&#.&$ df
k/fdz{bftfnfO{ ut jif{ ?=# s/f]8 # nfv %# xhf/, of] jif{ ?=@ s/f]8 !& nfv @! xhf/;d]t ?=%
s/f]8 @) nfv &$ xhf/ / cGo ;'ljwf ?=%( nfv &* xhf/ vr{ n]v]sf]df tL k/fdz{bftfn] :yfoL
n]vf gDa/ lnO{ s/df btf{ ePsf] ;d]t gb]lvFbf #% k|ltztn] ?=@ s/f]8 # nfv !* xhf/ s/
bflvnf ug'{kg]{df ?=*& nfv ^$ xhf/dfq bflvnf u/]sf] b]lvPsf]n] yk 5fglag u/L 5'6 ?=! s/f]8
!% nfv %$ xhf/df z'Ns ;d]t bflvnf x'g'kb{5 .
98.2 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, lqk'/]Zj/sf] Ps s/bftfn] @)&#.&$ df k/fdz{ ;]jf afkt ljb]zL
sd{rf/LnfO{ kfl/>lds ?=$ s/f]8 *% nfv ^) xhf/ e''QmfgL lbO{ vr{ n]v]sf] 5 . To:t} afx\o >f]t
pNn]v u/L ?=@ s/f]8 ($ nfv !( xhf/;d]t ?=& s/f]8 &( nfv &( xhf/ vr{ b]vfPsf]df e'QmfgL
kfpg]n] s/df btf{ eO{ sf/f]af/ u/]sf] ;d]t b]lvFb}g . pQm e'QmfgLdf ?=! s/f]8 ^( nfv ^* xhf/df
s/ s§L ug'{kg]{df ?=!$ nfv #* xhf/ dfq s/ bflvnf u/]sf]n] yk 5fglag u/L 5'6 ePsf] s/ ?=!
s/f]8 %$ nfv #) xhf/df z'Ns ;d]t lx;fa u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
98.3 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, nlntk'/ ! sf Ps k/fdz{bftfn]] :yfgLo k/fdz{ ;]jf afx]s cGo k/fdz{
;]jf egL @)&@.&# df ?=@ s/f]8 $* nfv %@ xhf/ / @)&#.&$ df ?=! s/f]8 &^ nfv &( xhf/ ;d]t
?=$ s/f]8 @% nfv #! xhf/ vr{ n]v]sf] 5 . ;f] /sd e'QmfgL lng] ljb]zL k/fdz{bftf cfos/sf]
bfo/fdf cfPsf] ljifodf 5fglag u/]sf] gb]lvFbf cfos/ P]g, @)%* cg';f/ !% k|ltzt clu|d s/ / !#
k|ltzt d"No clej[l4 s/;d]t ?=%% nfv @( xhf/ bflvnf ug{'kg{]df /fh:j n]vf ljj/0faf6 ?=!# nfv
$ xhf/dfq bflvnf u/]sf]n] 5'6 ?=$@ nfv @% xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 . To:t} csf]{ Ps s/bftfn]
@)&#.&$ df ?=!) s/f]8 $@ nfv #^ xhf/ cfo cfh{g u/]sf]df ?=* s/f]8 ^ nfv ^& xhf/ ;a
sG6«ofS6/nfO{ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . k'gM k|ToIf vr{df 6f]nL k|d'v / cGo egL ?=! s/f]8 @( nfv !^ xhf/
vr{ n]v]sf]n] ;f] vr{sf ;DaGwdf yk 5fglag u/L 6f]nL k|d'vnfO{ u/]sf] e'QmfgLdf #% k|ltzt s/
?=$% nfv @! xhf/ bflvnf ug'{kg]{]df ?=@) nfv @ xhf/dfq bflvnf ePsf]n] km/s ?=@% nfv !(
xhf/;d]t ?=^& nfv $$ xhf/ / ;f]df nfUg] z'Ns;d]t lgwf{/0f u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
99. Jofj;flos sf/f]af/ – cfk|jf;g ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{ Ps cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfsf] j]a;fO6 Pj+ jflif{s
ljj/0fdf To; ;+:yfn] ljleGg b]zsf] le;f lgj]bg lbg] JolQmsf] k|lt JolQm cd]l/sL 8n/ !@#
;Ddsf b/n] z'Ns lnO{ :jf:Yo k/LIf0f nufotsf] sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] b]lvG5 . pQm ;+:yfn] k|bfg u/]sf]
:jf:Yo k/LIf0fnufotsf] ;]jf s/of]Uo sf/f]af/ eP klg s/bftfn] :jf:Yo ;]jf z'Ns / d"No clej[l4
s/ b'j} ;Íng u/]sf] 5}g . ;f] s/bftfn] vl/bdf lt/]sf] d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=! s/f]8 &^ nfv *&
cy{ dGqfno
xhf/ lkmtf{ lbPsf] b]lvG5 . pQm ;+:yf;Fu Jofj;flos Pj+ s/of]Uo sf/f]af/df s/ ;Íng u/]sf]
gb]lvFbf 5fglag u/L s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
100. ;'g vl/b – ;'g tyf rfFbLsf] cfoft ug]{ :jLs[lt a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ dfq lbOPsf] 5 . 7"nf
s/bftf sfof{nocGtu{tsf b]xfocg';f/sf s/bftfx?n] a}+lsª dfWodaf6 vl/beGbf klg 7"nf]
kl/df0fdf lghL JolQm / Joj;foLaf6 vl/b u/]sf] b]lvof] .
-? xhf/df_
a}Íaf6 vl/b JolQmaf6 vl/b
s/bftf vl/b /sd a}Íaf6 vl/b
k|ltzt k|ltzt
Ps Hj]n/L O08li6«h k|f=ln=-@)&@.&#_ 547077 87934 16.07 83.93
Ps Hj]n/L O08li6«h k|f=ln=-@)&#.&$_ 865286 90180 10.42 89.58
Ps Hj]n;+ -@)&@.&#_ 650582 0 0 100
Ps Hj]n;+ -@)&@.&#_ 1201956 68644 5.71 94.29
Ps uf]N8 Kofn]; -@)&#.&$_ 1015269 171294 16.87 83.13
Ps Hj]n;{ -@)&@.&#_ 892895 42935 4.81 95.19
pQm tYofÍaf6 % s/bftfn] ^ cfo jif{df ?=% ca{ !& s/f]8 #) nfvsf] ;'g vl/b ubf{ ?=$^
s/f]8 ( nfv -( k|ltzt_ sf] dfq a}+lsª k|0ffnLaf6 vl/b eO{ (! k|ltzt afXo lgsfo Pj+ JolQmaf6
vl/b ePsf] 5 . ;'g tyf rfFbLsf] lgodg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L s'g} lgsfonfO{ tf]s]sf] 5}g . o;/L vl/b ePsf]
;DaGwdf s/ k/LIf0fdf pNn]v gePsf]n] /fh:jdf k/]sf] c;/ ;DaGwdf 5fglag ug'{kb{5 .
101. ;'g rfFbLsf] htL{ – 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nosf Ps Hj]n;{n] @)&@.&# df ;'gsf] sf/f]af/ ubf{ Hofnf
vr{ b]vfP tfklg ;f]af6 ePsf] laqmLsf] cfDbfgL gb]vfPsf] sf/0f s/ bfloTjdf c;/ k/]sf] c;/
;DaGwdf s/ k/LIf0f ubf{ v'nf;f u/]sf] b]lvFb}g . Hofnf vr{ bfaL u/]sf] t/ cfDbfgL gb]vfPsf]
sf/0f cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !# cg';f/ 5fglag u/L vr{ ?=@ s/f]8 @% nfv %( xhf/
cdfGo u/L #% k|ltztn] x'g] ?=&* nfv (^ xhf/ s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 . To:t} cfGtl/s /fh:j
sfof{no, gofF;8ssf # s/bftfn] Hofnf htL{ vr{ b]vfPsf]df cfo gb]vfPsf]n] o:tf] vr{ ?=% s/f]8
&! nfv #@ xhf/ cdfGo u/L ;f]df nfUg] s/ c;'nLsf] nflu 5fglag x'g'kb{5 .
102. btf{ – d"No clej[l4 s/ P]gsf] bkmf &-#_ cg';f/ s/of]Uo sf/f]af/ ug]{ JolQmn] btf{ eO{ /Ltk"j{s s/
aLhs hf/L u/L s/ ;Íng ug'{kb{5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
102.1 d"No clej[l4 s/ lgb]{lzsf, @)&# df y|];xf]N8eGbf a9Lsf] 5'kL{, rLhnufot k|zf]lwt 8]/L k|f]8S6,
Joj:yfkg ;]jf, k|mf]hg ld6nufot sf/f]af/df d"No clej[l4 s/ ;d]t ;dfj]z x'g] egL JofVof u/]sf] 5 .
cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, lj/f6gu/, w/fg, eb|k'/, sn+sL nufot * sfof{nocGtu{tsf !& s/bftfn]
@)&!.&@ b]lv @)&#.&$ ;Dd sf/f]af/ u/]sf] ePtfklg tL sf/f]af/df d"No clej[l4 s/ ;Íng u/]sf]
b]lvPg . s/ of]Uo sf/f]af/ ?=^& s/f]8 (! nfv (@ xhf/df d"No clej[l4 s/ ;Íng gu/]sf]n] y|];
xf]N8eGbf dflysf] /sddf 5'6 ePsf] d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=& s/f]8 *! nfv #& xhf/df z'Ns / Aofh;d]t
c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
102.2 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, jL/uGhcGtu{tsf ^ s/bftfn] @)&@.&# / @)&#.&$ df d"No clej[l4
s/of]Uo sf/f]af/ ?=!^ s/f]8 %$ nfv #( xhf/ u/]sf]df d"No clej[l4 s/ ;Íng u/]sf] gb]lvFbf
5fglag u/L 5'6 ePsf] d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=@ s/f]8 !% nfv & xhf/df z'Ns / Aofh;d]t u0fgf
u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
103. ;+/rgf lgdf{0fdf s/ — d"No clej[l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] bkmf *-#_ df Jofj;flos k|of]hgsf] nflu
lgdf{0f ul/g] krf; nfv ?k}ofF+eGbf a9Lsf] ejg, ckf6{d]G6, zlku sDKn]S; jf cGo ;+/rgf btf{
gePsf] JolQmaf6 lgdf{0f u/fPsf] ePklg btf{ ePsf] JolQmaf6 u/] ;/x dfgL o:tf] ;+/rgfsf]
:jfldTj /x]sf] JolQmaf6 s/ lgwf{/0f u/L c;'n ul/g] Joj:yf 5 . 7"nf ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug]{
s/bftfx?n] o:tf] k|sf/sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ cf+lzs ?kdf dfq d"No clej[l4 s/df btf{ ePsf;Fu vl/b
u/]sf] kfOof] . s/bftfn] k]z u/]sf] cfo ljj/0f jf cg';"rL / vl/b tyf laqmL ljj/0f -cg';"rL !#_
cy{ dGqfno
df cfwfl/t k/LIf0f u/L d"No clej[l4 s/df btf{ ePsf;Fusf] vl/b sf/f]af/ s§f ubf{ ;d]t btf{
gePsf;Fu sf/f]af/ u/]sf]n] d"No clej[l4 s/ ;Íng x'g g;s]sf] l:ylt 5 . lgDg @) sfof{no
cGtu{tsf () s/bftfn] ?=% ca{ !! s/f]8 #( nfvsf] ;+/rgf lgdf{0f u/]sf]df btf{ gePsf]
JolQmaf6 u/fPsf]n] o;af6 d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=^^ s/f]8 $* nfv ;Íng x'g ;s]sf] b]lvPg .
-?=nfvdf_
qm=;+= cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no s/bftf ;Vof lgdf{0f nfut !# k|ltztn] x'g] d"=c= s/
1 eb|k'/ 10 8391 1091
2 bds 3 937 122
3 w/fg 5 1973 256
4 lj/f6gu/ 5 4765 619
5 lqk/]Zj/ 6 7513 977
6 x]6f}+8f 5 1492 194
7 jL/uGh 6 4311 560
8 eQmk'/ 6 1787 232
9 s[i0fgu/ 1 145 19
10 g]kfnuGh 3 695 90
11 6Ëfn 2 1607 209
12 a'6jn 5 1031 134
13 sf]6]Zj/ 1 67 9
14 e/tk'/ 8 2648 344
15 e}/xjf 5 612 80
16 sf:sL 5 1053 137
17 nlntk'/–@ 3 1766 230
18 afnfh' 4 1306 170
19 nlntk'/–! 2 7050 917
20 7"nf s/bftf sfof{no 5 1990 259
hDdf 90 5,11,39 6648
o; ;DaGwdf cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefun] # k6s kl/kq u/L o:tf] /sd c;'n ug{ lgb]{zg
lbPklg sfof{Gjog ePsf] 5}g . o:tf] sf/f]af/df d"No clej[l4 s/ 5'6 ePsf] cGo s/bftfsf]
sf/f]af/;d]t 5fglag u/L] d"No clej[l4 s/, yk b:t'/, Aofh / hl/afgf;d]t c;'n ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
104. btf{ gePsf;Fusf] s/ – d"No clej[l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] bkmf *-@_ cg';f/ g]kfn aflx/sf] s'g}
JolQmaf6 ;]jf k|fKt ug]{ JolQmn] of] P]gadf]lhd nfUg] d"Nodf e'QmfgLsf avt s/ lgwf{/0f / c;'n
ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf s]xL Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
104.1 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no rfalxnsf Ps s/bftfn] @)&#.&$df lkmNd l/n vl/b dWo] s]|l8od rfh{
/ d"le ;]o/ P]S:k]G;]; ?=* s/f]8 &* nfv ^& xhf/sf] k|ToIf vl/b ubf{ a]btf{jfn d"No clej[l4 s/ /
e'QmfgLdf s/ s§L u/]sf] gb]lvFbf ;f] /sddf !% k|ltzt clu|d s/ ?=! s/f]8 #! nfv *) xhf/
/ d"No clej[l4 s/ P]gcg';f/ nfUg] a]btf{jfn z'Ns ?=! s/f]8 !$ nfv @@ xhf/ ;d]t ?=@ s/f]8
$^ nfv @ xhf/df z'Ns / Aofh;d]t 5fglag u/L s/ lgwf{/0f u/]/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .=
104.2 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, lqk'/]Zj/sf Ps s/bftfsf] @)&@.&# sf] ljQLo ljj/0fdf j]btf{jfn d"No
clej[l4 s/ e'QmfgL ug{ afFsL ?=$ s/f]8 * nfv &^ xhf/ b]vfPsf]df ;f] /sd bflvnf gu/]sf],
aSof}tfdf ;dfj]z klg gu/]sf]n] z'Ns;lxt c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
105. k'/fgf 6\ofS;Ldf s/ ;Íng – ;jf/L;fwg cfoft tyf laqmL sf/f]af/ ug]{ 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nosf @
s/bftfn] ! xhf/ &( k'/fgf 6\ofS;L vl/bafkt @)&@.&# df ?=!^ s/f]8 * nfv k|ToIf nfut vr{
bfaL u/]sf 5g\ . pQm k'/fgf 6\ofS;Lsf] nfut 36fO{ jLhs hf/L ubf{ k'/fgf 6\ofS;Lsf] nfut
cy{ dGqfno
a/fa/sf] /sddf d"No clej[l4 s/ 5'6 ePsf]n] ?=@ s/f]8 ( nfv / ;f]df nfUg] z'Ns, Aofh /
b:t'/;d]t 5fglag u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
106. Kofs]h 6';{ – cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefun] 6«feN; tyf 6';{ Joj;foLn] Kofs]h 6«]ls+ªdf d"No clej[l4
s/ ;Íng ug'{kg]{ u/L @)%$.!).^ df kl/kq u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o:tf Joj;foLn] Kofs]h 6';{ /
6«]ls+udf s/ 5'6 laqmL egL d"No clej[l4 s/ ;Íng gu/]sf] cj:yf 5 . 7"nf s/bftf sfof{no,
cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, lqk'/]Zj/, k'tnL;8s nufot * sfof{nosf @* s/bftfsf] o:tf] sf/f]af/
/sd ?=(^ s/f]8 ^# nfv *$ xhf/df d"No clej[l4 s/ lgb]{lzsf @)&# sf] pbfx/0f !)=! cg';f/
y|];xf]N8eGbf a9Lsf] xsdf d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=!! s/f]8 !! nfv && xhf/, z'Ns, Aofh /
hl/jfgf;d]t 5fglag u/L s/ lgwf{/0f u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
;fy} cGo s/bftfsf] o:tf] sf/f]af/ ko{6g ljefudf /x]sf] ko{6s Joj:yfkg ;"rgf
k|0ffnLaf6 ljj/0f lnO{ 5fglag u/L s/ bfloTj olsg ug'{kb{5 .
7"nf s/bftf sfof{nosf Ps s/bftfsf] @)&#.&$ sf] s'n cfo ?=(( s/f]8 #! nfv %!
xhf/dWo] 6'/ cfo ?=#! s/f]8 $ nfvdWo] ?=$ s/f]8 #( nfvdf dfq d"No clej[l4 s/ ;Íng
u/]sf]df afFsL ?=@^ s/f]8 ^% nfvsf] ;DaGwdf yk 5fglag u/L !# k|ltzt s/ ?=# s/f]8 $^ nfv
s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
107. ;Ílnt s/ ga'emfPsf] – d"No clej[l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] bkmf !& cg';f/ ;Íng u/]sf] s/af6 s/
nfUg] j:t'df lt/]sf] s/ s§f u/L bflvnf ug'{kb{5 . ;+o'Qm pkqmdsf] ?kdf btf{ eO{ 7]Ssf Joj;fo
u/]sf s/bftfn] 8]la6 ljj/0f k]; u/L /sd bflvnf ug{ afFsL b]vfPsf], s]xLn] lg/Gt/ ?kdf z"Go
ljj/0f a'emfO{ s/ glt/]sf] cj:yf 5 . d"No clej[l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] bkmf !) sf] -v_ -$_ df
/fh:j k|zf;gn] ;+o'Qm pkqmdsf Joj;foLn] bflvnf gu/]sf] s/ o:tf s/bftfsf] ;fe]mbf/af6 ;+o'Qm
jf a]Unf a]Un} c;'n ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ljleGg pkef]Qmf, Joj;foL / ;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 p7fPsf]
d"No clej[l4 s/ bflvnf gu/L cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no eb|k'/, w/fg, lqk'/]Zj/, jL/uGh nufot !^
sfof{nosf #)% s/bftfn] ljutdf 8]la6 ljj/0f a'emfO{ bflvnf ug{ afFsL b]vfPsf] d"No clej[l4 s/
?=#$ s/f]8 !$ nfv @@ xhf/ c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
108. ;dfg'kflts s§L — d"No clej[l4 s/ lgodfjnL, @)%# sf] lgod $)-$_ df s/ nfUg] / s/ 5'6 x'g]
sf/f]af/ ug]{sf] xsdf j:t'sf] k|ToIf ;DaGw :yflkt ug{ g;s]df To:tf] s/bftfn] laqmL ePsf]
d"NodWo] s/ nfUg] sf/f]af/sf] ;dfg'kflts lx;faaf6 vl/b jf cfoftdf lt/]sf] s/ s§L ug{ ;Sg]
Joj:yf 5 . pQm Joj:yf adf]lhd b]xfosf $ cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{nosf s/bftfsf] gd'gf k/LIf0f
ubf{ s/ nfUg] / gnfUg] b'j} vl/b laqmLsf] ljj/0fcg';f/ ;dfg'kflts ?kdf 36L s/ ;dfof]hg u/]sf]
?=@ s/f]8 *% nfv ^^ xhf/ 8]la6 ;dfof]hg ug{ s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
-?= xhf/df_+
cfGtl/s /fh:j s/ 5'6sf] s/ 5'6sf] vl/bdf s§L gkfpg] 8]la6
s/bftf s'n laqmL s/
sfof+no laqmL laqmL k|ltzt lt/]sf] s/ s/ ;dfof]hg
eb|k'/ Ps l8kf{6d]G6 :6f]/ @)&$.&% 101132 8064 7.97 13252 1056 0 1056
lj/f6gu/ Ps k]k/ ldN; k|f ln @)&#.&$ 276542 19711 7.12 20782 1479 418 1060
lj/f6gu/ jN8{ 6«]8 r]gN; @)&$.&% 244487 140568 57.49 16746 9627 0 9627
lj/f6gu/ Ps 6«]8 sG;g{ @)&$.&% 209601 161458 77.03 6291 4846 278 4567
lj/f6gu/ Ps ;Knfo;{ @)&$.&% 393970 336642 85.44 7334 6266 0 6266
sn+sL Ps hg/n :6f];{ @)&#.&$ 129840 37417 28.81 11757 3387 00 3387
sn+sL Ps OghL{ k|fln @)&#.&$ 393723 375518 95.37 1649 1573 109 1463
6Ëfn Ps sG;g+ k|f-ln-@)&#.&$ 49264 36336 73.84 1544 1140 0 1140
hDdf 28566
108.1 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, sn+sLcGtu{tsf Ps s/bftfsf] @)^(.&) b]lv @)&@.&# ;Ddsf] sf/f]af/
?=$( s/f]8 $$ nfv *% xhf/ /x]sf]df s/ 5'6sf] laqmL ?=$@ s/f]8 $@ nfv ** xhf/ -*%=*)
k|ltzt_ /x]sf] 5 . s/bftfn] of] cjlwdf s/ of]Uo vl/b ?=!^ s/f]8 *$ nfv %( xhf/ u/L ?=@
s/f]8 !* nfv (( xhf/ s/ qm]l86 lnPsf] b]lvof] . s'n vl/bsf] *%=*) k|ltztn] x'g] ?=! s/f]8
*^ nfv !$ xhf/ 8]la6 ;dfof]hg ug'{kg]{df ?=!) nfv @! xhf/dfq ;dfof]hg u/]sf] 5 . km/s

cy{ dGqfno
?=! s/f]8 &% nfv (# xhf/ s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{df lghsf] ;f] cjlwsf] qm]l86 ?=! s/f]8 @ nfv %!
xhf/ /x]sf]n] afFsL ?=$( nfv $! xhf/df z'Ns / Aofh ;d]t 5fglag u/L s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
108.2 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, sf]6]Zj/sf Ps s/bftfsf] @)&@.&# df ?=^ s/f]8 ! nfv / @)&#.&$ df
?=& s/f]8 ! nfv laqmLdWo] s/ of]Uo laqmLsf] cg'kft $$=%# / ^&=(* k|ltztn] x'g] ?=$& nfv %(
xhf/ / ?=#* nfv !! xhf/ /x]sf]df ;f]xLcg';f/ s/ qm]l86 dfu ug'{kg]{df gu/]sf]n] a9L bfaL u/]sf]
s/ ?=#* nfv ^) xhf/df z'Ns / Aofh ;d]t 5fglag u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
;f]xL s/bftfn] ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ubf{ @)^#.^$ df ?=! s/f]8 !# nfv #* xhf/ s/ qm]l86
bfaL ePsf]df ?=*& nfv ! xhf/ lkmtf{ lnPsf] lyof] . s/bftfsf] sf/f]af/ a; kfls{Ë cfodf d"No
clej[l4 s/ gnfUg] x'Fbf qmdzM laqmL cfosf] cg'kftdf ;fljsdf s§L lnPsf] s/ 8]la6 ub{}
hfg'kg]{df gu/]sf]n] d"No clej[l4 s/ lgb]{lzsfsf] Joj:yfcg';f/ 5fglag ug'{kb{5 .
108.3 dWod:t/Lo s/bftf sfof{nosf] Ps s/bftfsf] @)&#.&$ sf] laqmL ?=$( s/f]8 @# nfv $$
xhf/dWo] s/ of]Uo laqmL ?=$# s/f]8 @# nfv (& xhf/ /x]sf]n] ;f]sf] cg'kftdf *&=*$ k|ltztn]
vl/bsf] s/ s§L ldnfg ug{'kg{]df ?=# s/f]8 %& nfv $& xhf/ g} ;dfof]hg u/]sf]n] a9L ?=$# nfv
%$ xhf/df z'Ns / Aofh ;d]t lx;fa u/L c;'n ug'kb{5 .
109. btf{ :yugsf] s/ — d"No clej[l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] bkmf !& -$_ cg';f/ s/ s§L ;'ljwf k|bfg
ul/Psf j:t'sf] tf]lsPsf] pkof]lutf cjlw ;dfKt x'g' cufj} s/ nfUg] sf/f]af/df k|of]u x'g 5f8]df
tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] j:t' tTsfn ahf/ d"Nodf laqmL ePsf] dfgL s/ lgwf{/0f ul/g] Joj:yf 5 eg]
lgodfjnL @)%# sf] lgod $) df s/ nfUg] / s/ 5'6 b'j} k|of]hgdf k|of]u x'g] ;fdu|Ldf s§L
lnPsf] s/ 5'6\ofpg g;lsg] ePdf ;dfg'kflts lx;fan] s§L ug{'kg{] Joxf]/f pNn]v 5 . ;dfg'kflts
s/ s§L ug{] k|of]hgsf] nflu d"No clej[l4 s/ lgb{]lzsf @)&# sf] a'Fbf &=# df ljutdf lnPsf] s/
s§Lsf] ;d]t ;dfg'kflts lx;fa u/L s/ s§L kfpg] / gkfpg] lx;fa ug{'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . cfGtl/s
/fh:j ljefun] ;d]t df}Hbftdf /x]sf] s/of]Uo j:t'sf] tTsfn ahf/ d"Nodf laqmL ePsf] dfgL s/
c;'n ug]{ u/L @)&%.(.!% df kl/kq u/]sf] 5 . sf7df8f}+sf 7"nf c:ktfnx?n] :yfkgfsf] ;dodf
ejg / pks/0f yk ubf{ s/ s§L lnPsf]df cfly{s P]g, @)&% df :jf:Yo ;]jfdf d"No clej[l4 s/
gnfUg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . b]xfosf c:ktfnn] btf{ vf/]h u/]sf / s]xLn] ;fdfGo ;lh{sn ;fdu|Lsf]
laqmL dfq s/ of]Uo b]vfO{ c:ktfn ;]jfsf] cfonfO{ s/ 5'6df b]vfpg] u/]sf] 5 .
-?=xhf/df_
@)&% >fj0fsf] s/of]Uo qm]l86 cfkm} ;dfof]hg s/ lgwf{/0f u/L
s/bftf
;DklQsf] cNof d"No lnPsf] s/ u/]sf] ;dfof]hg ug'{kg]{
Ps OG6/g];gn c:ktfn 995714 129442 10361 119081
Ps d]l8sn sn]h P08 xl:k6n 3981728 517624 2295 515329
Ps l;6L lSnlgs 401018 52132 0 52132
Ps xl:k6n 199091 25881 22 25859
Ps P8efG; :6l8h 1475653 191834 1500 190333
Ps d]l8sn sn]h 941153 12234 2629 119720
Ps xl:k6n 716600 21576 298 21278
hDdf 8710957 950723 17105 1043732
d"No clej[l4 s/ s§L lnPsf] /sd s/bftfn] 8]la6 ;dfof]hg u/L /fh:j bflvnf u/]sf]
gb]lvFbf @)&% >fj0fdf x|f; vr{ s§f u/]kl5sf] ;DklQsf] d"NonfO{ g} ahf/ d"No sfod u/L ;f]xL
cfwf/df cfpg] /sddf s/ ?=! ca{ $ s/f]8 #& nfv #@ xhf/ / z'Ns ;d]t lx;fa u/L 5fglag
u/]/ c;'n ug{'kb{5 .
cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no 6Ëfnsf Ps s/bftfn] ;fljsdf d"No clej[l4 s/ lt/]sf] ;fdu|L
@)&#.&$ df laqmL u/]kl5 d"No clej[l4 s/ c;'n ug]{ l:ylt g/xL ;a} ;DklQ laqmL ubf{ d"No
clej[l4 s/ ;Íng gu/]sf]n] ?=&! nfv ## xhf/df z'Ns / Aofh;lxt c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
cy{ dGqfno
110. gkfpg] qm]l86 – d""No clej[l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ adf]lhd gkfpg] qm]l86 lnPsf] ;DaGwdf b]xfo
adf]lhd s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5M
110.1 d"No clej[l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] bkmf !! -ª_ df nuftf/ afx| dlxgfeGbf a9L z"Go ljj/0f k]]; u/]df
btf{ vf/]hL ug]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . s/bftfsf] l/6g{ l86]N;cg';f/ b]xfoadf]lhd nuftf/ #^
dlxgfeGbf a9L z"Go ljj/0f k]; ug]{ s/bftfn] ;d]t ljutb]lv g} lg/Gt/ d"No clej[l4 s/ qm]l86
b]vfFpb} cfPsf 5g\ . t;y{ pQm qm]l86 ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L ?=^ s/f]8 ^# nfv $% xhf/ s/
lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
s/bftf qm]l86 /sd ?
cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no s}lkmot
;+Vof xhf/df
eb|k'/ $ 5984 @)^*.^( b]lv z"Go ljj/0f k]; u/]sf]
w/fg 3 4084 ljut jif{ b]lv g} z"Go ljj/0f k]; u/]sf]
lj/f6gu/ 4 5415 ljut jif{ b]lv g} z"Go ljj/0f k]; u/]sf]
lqk'/]Zj/ 1 2609 ljut @$ dlxgf b]lv z"Go ljj/0f k]; u/]sf]
l;d/f 6 13067 @)&).&! b]lv z"Go ljj/0f k]; u/]sf]
nlntk'/ @ 2 3073 ljut @$ dlxgf b]lv z"Go ljj/0f k]; u/]sf]
k'tnL;8s 2 24935 ljut !)$ dlxgfb]lv z'Go ljj/0f k]z u/]sf]
nlntk'/ ! 3 7178 @)&).&! b]lv z"Go ljj/0f k]; u/]sf]
hDdf 66345
110.2 d"No clej[l4 s/ lgodfjnL @)%# sf] bkmf #( -@_ cg';f/ ;fljsdf d"No clej[l4 s/ lt/L ;f]
;DklQ gf]S;fgL eO{ aLdfaf6 Ifltk"lt{ lnFbf ;fljsdf s]|l86 lnPsf] d"No clej[l4 s/ lgwf{/0f u/L
c;'n ug'{kg]{df cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, lqk'/]Zj/sf Ps s/bftfsf] @)&@.&# sf] n]vf l6Kk0fLdf
?=@ s/f]8 &$ nfv ejgsf] aLdf bfaL k|fKt ePsf] pNn]v 5 . ;f]df q]ml86 lnPsf] d"No clej[l4 s/
;dfof]hg u/]sf] gb]lvFbf 5fglag u/L ? #% nfv ^@ xhf/df z'Ns;lxt s/ lgwf{/0f u/]/ c;'n
ug'{kb{5 .
110.3 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, nlntk'/ @ sf Ps s/bftfn] cfos/tkm{ bfloTj ?=( s/f]8 ^^ nfv $!
xhf/ /fkm;fkm u/L :jo+n] 36fPsf] 5 . t/ d"No clej[l4 s/tkm{ s'g} /sd 8]la6 ;dfof]hg u/]sf]
5}g . s/bftfsf] @)&@.&# / @)&#.&$ sf] s/ of]Uo cfDbfgL ?=& s/f]8 &! nfv &^ xhf/ / s/
of]Uo vl/b ?=@$ s/f]8 $& nfv *% xhf/ /x]sf] / df}Hbft ;d]t g/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . o;/L vl/b
laqmL sf/f]af/ :jefljs b]lvPg . vl/beGbf laqmL Go"g b]vfO{ qm]l86 lnPsf] /sd Joj;fo;Fu
;DalGwt g/x]sf] ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L km/s ?=!^ s/f]8 &^ nfv ( xhf/df qm]l86 lnPsf] d"No
clej[l4 s/ ?=@ s/f]8 !& nfv *( xhf/df lghsf] qm]l86 36fO{ afFsLdf s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
110.4 d"No clej[l4 s/ lgodfjnL, @)%# sf] lgod $) cg';f/ laqmLdf d"No clej[l4 s/ ;Íng gug]{
cj:yfdf vl/bdf lt/]sf] qm]l86 s§L gkfOg] Joj:yf 5 . cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no eQmk'/sf @
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] ?=%@ nfv *@ xhf/ ;dfof]hg gu/L] qm]l86 b]vfPsf 5g\ . tL ;+:yfn] laqmLdf
s/ ;Íng gug]{ x'Fbf s/ lgwf{/0f u/L qm]l86 cdfGo ug'{kb{5 .
110.5 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, e}/xjfsf] Ps s/bftfsf] ?=*$ nfv *# xhf/ aSof}tf /x]sf]df sfof{non]
d"No clej[l4 s/ ?= #@ nfv &# xhf/ lkmtf{ lbFbf aSof}tf g36fO{ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . ;f] ;DaGwdf
5fglag u/L c;'nLtk{m sf/afxL ug'{kb{5 .
111. laqmL km/sdf s/ – d"No clej[l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] bkmf * cg';f/ s/of]Uo sf/f]af/ ug]{ JolQmn]
btf{ eO{ /Ltk"j{s s/ aLhs hf/L u/L s/ ;Íng ug'{kb{5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f
lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
111.1 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, jL/uGhsf Ps s/bftfn] @)&$.(.# df d"No clej[l4 s/tkm{ btf{ ePsf]df
xfn;Dd d"No clej[l4 s/ ljj/0f a''emfPsf] 5}g . cfo ljj/0ftkm{ @)&#.&$ df ?=%! s/f]8 !% nfv
cy{ dGqfno
*^ xhf/ sf/f]af/ u/]sf] pNn]v 5 . s/bftfsf] vl/b laqmL ljj/0f -cg';"rL !#_ cg';f/ Ps c6f]
6«]l8+unfO{ ?=* s/f]8 !# nfv / csf]{ c6f] 6«]8nfO{ ?=! s/f]8 *@ nfv laqmL b]vfPsf] 5 . c6f]
df]afOn;Fu ;DalGwt sf/f]af/ d"No clej[l4 s/of]Uo sf/f]af/ b]lvPsf]n] 5fglag u/L plNnlvt
laqmLdf 5'6 ePsf] d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=! s/f]8 @( nfv #% xhf/df z'Ns / Aofh;lxt c;'n
ug'{kb{5 .
111.2 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no afnfh'sf Ps s/bftfn] eG;f/ tYofÍcg';f/ ?=& s/f]8 @^ nfv %^ xhf/
lgof{t u/]sf]df d"Noclej[l4 s/df ?=# s/f]8 $@ nfv (! xhf/dfq lgsf;L b]vfPsf] 5 . lgsf;Ldf
km/s b]lvPsf] ?=# s/f]8 ^%nfv ^$ xhf/ laqmLdf gb]vfPsf]n] 5fglag u/L ;f]sf] !% k|ltzt
cfos/ ?=%$ nfv &) xhf/ 5fglag u/L s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
111.3 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no nlntk'/–! sf Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] cfos/ ljj/0fdf @)^(.&) /
@)&).&! ;d]t @ jif{df ?=# s/f]8 $) nfv () xhf/ laqmL b]vfPtfklg d"No clej[l4 s/df ?=$!
nfv *% xhf/dfq laqmL b]vfPsf]n] Go"g laqmL b]vfPsf]] ?=# s/f]8 (! nfv ^ xhf/df 5'6 ePsf]
d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=#( nfv !# xhf/ /sddf z'Ns;lxt c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
111.4 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, rfjlxnsf Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] @)&#.&$ df bL3{sfnLg s/f/cGt{ut
cfo ljj/0f k]; u/]sf] 5}g . cfo ljj/0fdf ?=!@ s/f]8 #* nfv !( xhf/sf] laqmL b]vfPsf]df d"No
clej[l4 s/df vl/b laqmL z"Go b]vfPsf]n] laqmL /sdsf] d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=! s/f]8 ^) nfv (&
xhf/df z'Ns;d]tn 5fglag u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
112. d"No clej[l4s/ sf]if – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ df cfly{s sf/f]af/ aGb u/]kl5 lgsf;f
/ vr{sf] n]vf cBfaLws u/L afFsL /x]sf] /sd ;DalGwt sfof{non] sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs
sfof{nodf lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ljefun] d"No clej[l4 s/ lkmtf{ ug{ cfGtl/s /fh:j
sfof{nonfO{ k7fPsf] ?=% ca{ (% s/f]8 %@ nfv &% xhf/dWo] ?=% ca{ %% s/f]8 %) nfv vr{
ePsf] / ?=@^ s/f]8 ^@ nfv @$ xhf/ /fh:j bflvnf u/L afFsL ?=!# s/f]8 $) nfv %! xhf/
cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no kf]v/f, k'tnL;8s / ljefudf df}Hbft b]lvPsf]n] pQm /sd /fh:j bflvnf
x''g'kb{5 .
113. sk8f pBf]unfO{ bf]xf]/f] s/ lkmtf{ – d"No clej[l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf !* cg';f/
:jb]zL sk8f pBf]un] d"No clej[l4 s/df btf{ ePsf s/bftfnfO{ laqmL u/L p7fPsf] d"No clej[l4
s/sf] &) k|ltzt qm]l86 ;dfof]hg lbg] Joj:yf 5 . 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nosf b]xfosf sk8f pBf]un]
cfk"mn] vl/bdf lt/]sf] s/ q]ml86 lnPkl5 k'gM laqmLdf p7fPsf] d"No clej[l4 s/sf] &) k|ltzt
qm]l86 ;dfof]hg u/]sf] / tL pBf]u;Fu vl/b u/L laqmL ug]{ cGo pBf]un] klg k'gM vl/bdf lt/]sf]
;Dk"0f{ s/ s]|l86 lnPsf 5g\ . vl/bdf lt/]sf] zt k|ltzt / laqmLdf ;Íng u/]sf] &) k|ltzt
qm]l86 lbFbf /fHosf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] eGbf &) k|ltzt a9L lkmtf{ ePsf] cj:yf 5 . o;/L bf]xf]/f]
qm]l86 bfaL u/]sf]df yk 5fglag u/L qm]l86 ;dfof]hg ePsf] sf/0f /fh:j 36L c;'n ePsf] ? !^
s/f]8 @) nfv @! xhf/sf ;DaGwdf yk 5fglag u/L s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
-?= xhf/df_
laqmLstf{sf] qm]l86 vl/bstf{n] laqmL ubf{ u/]sf]
laqmL ug]{ wfuf] pBf]u vl/bstf{
;dfof]hg qm]l86 ;dfof]hg -&)Ü_
Ps :kLlgË ldn -@)&@.&#_ !)@$)! @^ sk8f Joj;foL 48868
Ps :kLlgË ldn -@)&#.&$_ %(@(& @% sk8f Joj;foL 56297
Ps :kLlgË ldN; -@)&#.&$_ ##^%^ !@ sk8f Joj;foL 24377
Ps :kLlgË ldN; -@)&#.&$_ $!!!& !^ sk8f Joj;foL 22961
Ps l;Gy]l6s pBf]u -@)&@.&#_ !#$#@ # sk8f Joj;foL 9518
hDdf 162021
114. a9L s/ lkmtf{ – d"No clej[l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] bkmf @% -u_ df cg';"rL ! cg';f/ s/ lkmtf{
;'ljwf lnPsf] s'g} j:t' lgof{t jf k'gM lgof{t ubf{ s/ lkmtf{ ;'ljwf gkfpg] pNn]v 5 . d"No clej[l4
s/ lgb]{lzsfdf klxnf lkmtf{ lnPsf] /sd s§f ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . b]xfosf # sfof{nosf $
cy{ dGqfno
s/bftfn] lrof, sk8f, ufd]{G6nufotsf ;fdu|L laqmL ubf{ p7fPsf] d"No clej[l4 s/ lkmtf{ lnPsf
5g\ . lghx?;Fu vl/b ug]]{ s/bftfn] lgof{t ubf{ vl/bdf lt/]sf] d"No clej[l4 s/ klxnf] s/bftfn]
lkmtf{ lnPsf] /sd g36fO{ zt k|ltzt lkmtf{ lbPsf] ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L a9L e'QmfgL ePsf] /sd
?=! s/f]8 (! nfv #) xhf/ c;''n ug'{kb{5 .
? xhf/df
d"=c=s/ lkmtf{ lkmtf{ lnPsf] gkfpg]
cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no s/bftf
lnPsf] ;Fusf] vl/b d"=c=s/ lkmtf{
eb|k'/ Ps l6 k|f]8\o';/ 49242 6401 3200
rfalxn Ps ufd]{G6 48367 4998 4998
rfalxn Ps PS;kf]{6 xfp; 153471 9975 9975
afnfh' Ps 6]S;6fOn 14729 9975 957
hDdf 19130
115. 58sf] pTkfbgzLntf – cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, l;d/fsf Ps pBf]unfO{ pBf]u ljefun] ($=#$
k|ltzt pTkfbgzLntfsf] :jLs[lt lbPsf] 5 . s/bftfn] sRRff kbfy{ # nfv #! xhf/ $%( d]l6«s 6g
af6 # nfv ( xhf/ (@ d]l6«s 6g /8 pTkfbg u/]sf]n] k|ltnlAw b/ (@=@% k|ltzt /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
36L pTkfbg b]vfPsf] # xhf/ ^)^ d]l6«s 6gdf cGtMz'Ns P]g, @)%* sf] cg';"rL ! cg';f/ nfUg]
k|lt s]=hL= ?=!.%) sf b/n] x'g] cGtMz'Ns ?=%$ nfv ( xhf/ hl/jfgf, Aofh Pj+ z'Ns / ;f]sf] d"No
clej[l4 s/ / cfos/df kg]{ k|efj;d]t 5fglag u/L c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
116. kmnfd tyf 808L pBf]usf] s/ – kmnfd tyf 808L pBf]ux?n] k]z u/]sf] cfo ljj/0f / e'QmfgL
u/]sf] cfos/ Joj:yfsf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu 7"nf s/bftf sfof{nosf] !! pBf]ux?sf]
sf/f]af/ cWoog ubf{ b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDg 5g\M
116.1 ljZj l:6n ;+u7gn] kmnfdsf] sRrf kbfy{af6 pTkfbg x'g] 58sf] k|ltnlAw b/ (* k|ltzt x'g]
pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . g]kfndf pBf]u ljefun] o:tf pTkfbgdf pTkfbgzLntf !)^ s]=hL= af6 !))
s]=hL= cyf{t\ ($=#$ k|ltzt x'g] gD;{\ :jLs[t u/]sf]n] ljZj l:6n ;+u7gsf] dfkb08eGbf #=^^
k|ltzt 36L x'g] u/L gD;{ :jLs[t u/]sf] b]lvof] . sRrf kbfy{ Pj+ k|ljlwsf] ljZn]if0f u/L pQm gD;{df
k'g/fjnf]sg x'g'kb{5 .
116.2 kmnfd tyf 808L pBf]ux?sf] laqmL sf/f]af/ @)&@÷&# df ? #*=*@ ca{ /x]sf] df @)&#÷&$ df
%(=#% ca{ cyf{t %# k|ltzt j[l4 ePsf] 5 . To:t} @)&$÷&% df ?= &*=%^ ca{ k'uL utjif{ eGbf
## k|ltzt a9]sf] 5 . of] tYof+sn] b]zdf cf}Bf]uLs/0fsf] ljsf;, lgdf{0f sfo{sf] a9f]Q/L /
k'gMlgdf{0fsf] sfo{df Jofkstf cfO{ pBf]ux?sf] sf/f]af/ j[l4 eO/x]sf] b]lvG5 . cWoog ul/Psf
pBf]usf] tYofFÍaf6 @)&$÷&% df s'n d'gfkmf !)=&$ b]lv !%=&# k|ltzt ;Dd /x]sf] 5 . ut jif{
o:tf] gfkmf !)=#@ b]lv @#=@) k|ltzt ;Dd /x]sf] lyof] . o; k|sf/ s"n gfkmfdf c;fdfGo km/s
x'Fbf klg /fh:j k|zf;gaf6 Go"g s'n gfkmfsf] s/bftfsf] sf/f]af/ 5fgljg ePsf] 5}g . ;du| kIf
ljZn]if0f ubf{ s"n gfkmf @)&@.&# df @#=)! k|ltzt /x]sf]df @)&#÷&$ df !^=(* / @)&$÷&% df
!#=)! k|ltztdf em/]sf] 5 . sf/f]af/df j[l4 ePkl5 pTkfbg nfut 36\b} hfg'kg]{df a9\g uPsf] kIf
ljrf/0fLo 5 .
116.3 kmnfd tyf 808L pBf]usf] sf/f]af/df j[l4 xF'b} uPsf]df v'b gfkmfdf qmdzM sdL cfPsf] b]lvG5 .
s/bftfx?sf] Aofh, x|f; vr{ / s/ cufl8sf] cfo dflh{g @)&@.&# df #=&! b]lv !%=#( k|ltzt
/x]sf]df @)&$.&% df $=** b]lv !$=%& k|ltzt eO{ cf};tdf !)=%( k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . To:t} v'b
gfkmfsf] c+s @)&@.&# df ?= %=&#@ ca{ /x]sf]df @)&#.&$ df ?=%=#$( ca{ / @)&$.&% df
$=&(* eO{ qmdzM 36]sf] 5 . Joj;fosf] s'n gfkmfdf ;fdfGo km/s cfpg] ljifo :jfefljs eP klg
c;fdfGo ?kdf Go"g gfkmf÷Pj+ gf]S;fgL b]vfPsf] s/bftfsf] sf/f]af/ ;DaGwdf If]qut s/bftfsf]
;"Id cWoog Pj+ ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .

cy{ dGqfno
116.4 pBf]usf] C0f / k'FhLsf] cg'kft tf]lsPsf] 5}g . ;du|df C0f k'FhLsf] cg'kft $ u'0ff b]lvP tfklg
@)&@÷&# df Ps pBf]usf] @)=*& u'0ff, @)&#÷&$ df csf]{ pBf]usf] (=%@ u'0ff ;Dd /x]sf] 5 .
o;k|sf/ s/bftfn] nufgL ug]{ k'FhLsf] ;DaGwdf :ki6 Joj:yf gul/Fbf s/bftfn] 7"nf] C0f lnP/
pBf]udf Aofh vr{sf] ef/ a9fpFbf s/ k|of]hgsf] nflu gfkmfdf Go"gtf cfPsf] 5 . s/bftfx?n]
z]o/sf] /sd ga9fO{ ut ljut jif{b]lv ;]o/ PlKns];gafkt ?=@!=&) s/f]8;Dd jf;nftdf b]vfPsf
5g\ . o:tf] PlKns];gsf] /sd slxn];Dd bfloTjdf b]vfpg] gLlt ag]sf] 5}g . o;k|sf/ k|fKt x'g]
/sdsf] ;|f]t;d]t olsg ePsf] 5}g . C0f / k'FhLsf] cg'kft, ;~rfns ;fk6Lnufotsf ljifodf
5fglag Pj+ sDkgLdf sf/f]af/ ug]{ ;~rfnsn] clgjfo{ :yfoL n]vf gDa/ lnO{ cfo Joo 3f]if0ff
ug'{kb{5 .
117. l;d]G6 pBf]usf] pTkfbgzLntf — l;d]G6sf] sRrf kbfy{ lSnÍ/ pTkfbgsf qmddf k|of]u x'g] sRrf
kbfy{df lglxt DjfO:r/nufotsf ;Dk"0f{ UofF;sf] pT;h{g eO{ Jof; @% Pd=Pd=;Ddsf] 9'Ëf ;/x
s8f kbfy{sf] ?kdf lSnÍ/ aG5 . lSnÍ/nfO{ u|fOlG8Ë ldndf lkFWbf ;f]sf] tf}ndf cb[Zo x|f; x'g]
l:ylt g/xg] x'Fbf k|of]u ePsf] kbfy{sf] kl/df0fsf] ztk|ltzt g} pTkfbg x'g] b]lvG5 . cGo ;xfos
kbfy{sf] jhgdf gu0o dfqfdf x|f; eP klg pTkfbgsf qmddf lSnÍ/ / ;xfos kbfy{sf] ld>0fnfO{
lkFWbf u|fOlG8Ë ldndf kmnfdsf] d]l8of an lkFWg] qmddf lvOg] / o;/L lvPsf] ansf] kmnfdsf] w"nf]
klg l;d]G6df g} ld>0f x'g] x'gfn] sRrf kbfy{sf] vkt kl/df0fcg';f/ g} pTkfbg x'g'kb{5 . s/
k/LIf0f ul/Psf kmfOnsf] cWoog ubf{ ;/sf/sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf b'O{ l;d]G6 pBf]un] lSnÍ/sf]]
vktaf6 ztk|ltzt kl/df0fdf l;d]G6sf] pTkfbg u/]sf / lghL If]qaf6 ;~rflnt @ pBf]un] klg
@)&@.&# df zt k|ltzt g} pTkfbg u/]sf] kfOof] .
7"nf s/bftf sfof{nosf] If]qflwsf/sf $ s/bftfn] # xhf/ ##) d]l6«s 6g l;d]G6sf]
pTkfbg 36L b]vfO{ laqmL u/]sf]n] ;f]df nfUg] cGtMz'Ns / d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=%@ nfv *^ xhf/
c;'n ug'{kg]{ / s/bftfsf] s/of]Uo cfodf ;dfj]z gePsf] laqmL ?=$ s/f]8 ! nfv gf]S;fgL
;dfof]hg ug{ 5fglag ug{'kb{5 .
118. lao/df htL{ — cGtMz'Ns lgodfjnL, @)%( sf] lgod @#-s_ df lao/ pTkfbg ug]{ pBf]unfO{ tof/L
af]tnaGbL ubf{ km\nf]ld6/n] b]vfPsf] kl/df0feGbf af]tnaGbLkl5 af]tn u0fgfaf6 b]vfPsf] df}Hbft
sdL ePdf a9Ldf !=% k|ltzt;Dd / kfZrf/fOh];g, Kofs]lhª tyf uf]bfd e08f/0f ubf{ 6'6k'm6
lao/sf] ef}lts k/LIf0f ubf{ a9Ldf @ k|ltzt;Dd ldgfxf lbg ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . cfGtl/s /fh:j
sfof{no, e/tk'/ cGtu{tsf] Ps lao/ pBf]un] km\nf]ld6/ lalu|Psf] cj:yfdf ;d]t kfZrf/fOh];g /
KoflsËtkm{ @ k|ltzteGbf !@ nfv %* xhf/ ln6/ a9L htL{ bfaL u/L k|ltln6/ ?=!!%.– n] x'g]
cGtMz'Ns ldgfxf lnPsf] ?=!$ s/f]8 $& nfv s/ lgwf{/0f u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
119. cGtMz'Ns l:6s/ – l:6s/ Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ;ˆ6j]o/sf] k|of]u u/L kf/bzL{ agfpg] gLlt /x]sf] 5 .
cGtMz''Ns l:6s/ ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
119.1 cGtMz'Ns nfUg] j:t'x? -dlb/f, r'/f]6 tyf ;'tL{hGo_ sf] pTkfbg tyf cfoftdf k|of]u ug]{ ljleGg
zlQm / ;fOhsf cGtMz'Ns l:6s/ $ ca{ (& s/f]8 @^ nfv yfg @)&% >fj0f;Dddf cfk"lt{ ug]{
u/L OG8f]g]l;ofsf] Ps sDkgL;Fu @)&#.$.@& df cd]l/sL 8n/ ^% nfv *! xhf/sf] ;Demf}tf
ePsf]df $ ca{ #* s/f]8 #^ nfv l:6s/ cfk"lt{ eO{ %* s/f]8 *( nfv cfk"lt{ x'g afFsL /x]sf] 5 .
119.2 ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@! df ;Demf}tf /sdsf] k|ltlbg )=)% k|ltztn] k"j{
lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ lng] Joj:yf /x]sf]df vl/b ;Demf}tf cg';f/ vl/b cfb]zdf pNn]lvt cjlwdf
;fdfg ;KnfO{ geP vl/b cfb]zsf] /sddf dfq k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ lng] u/L ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 .
;Demf}tf cg';f/ # vl/b cfb]zaf6 k|fKt x'g'kg]{ ;fdfg l9nf k|fKt ePsf]n] ?=$$ nfv !$ xhf/
k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ lng'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 . pQm /sd c;'n x''gkb{5 .
119.3 cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefun] ;fljsdf ef/tsf] Ps 5kfO{ sDkgLdfkm{t 5kfO{ u/]sf] l:6s/dWo] cfjZos
k/]df j}slNks ?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] pNn]v u/L e/tk'/, x]6f}F8f / l;d/fsf] uf]bfddf ( s/f]8 %%

cy{ dGqfno
nfv *) xhf/ l:6s/ df}Hbft b]vfPsf] 5 . ;fy} ;f] eGbf cufl8 lny'jflgof / OG8f]g]l;ofaf6 vl/b
ul/Psf xfn k|of]udf g/x]sf l:6s/x? yfkfynLsf] uf]bfddf /x]sf 5g\ . pQm l:6s/x?sf] plrt
Joj:yfkg x'g'kb{5 .
119.4 ljefusf] k|ltj]bgcg';f/ cGtMz'Ns l:6s/ g} 6fF; gePsf, gSsnL cGtMz'Ns l:6s/sf] k|of]u u/]sf,
tf]lsPeGbf km/s zlQmsf] cGtMz'Ns l:6s/ k|of]u u/]sf !! dlb/f pTkfbs k|lti7fgnfO{ sf/afxL
u/]sf] pNn]v 5 . To:t} cGo lgsfoaf6 l:6s/sf] cflwsfl/stf k/LIf0f ug{ ljefunfO{ k|fKt ePsf
gd'gfsf] k/LIf0f ubf{ s]xL gd'gf gSsnL b]lvPsf] cj:yf 5 . t;y{ gSsnL l:6s/sf] k|of]u lgoGq0f
ug{ Pj+ pkof]u ePsf] l:6s/af6 k|fKt /fh:j /sdsf] oyfy{tfk|lt ljZj:t x'g l:6s/sf] cg'udg
sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg'kb{5 .
120. k}7f/Lsf] cGtMz'Ns qm]l86 – cfly{s P]g, @)&$ cg';f/ cGtMz'Ns P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf # s -%_ df
eG;f/ dx;'n dfkmL ePsf sRrf kbfy{ / kf6{k'hf{ k}7f/L ubf{ lt/]sf] cGtMz'Ns s§L ug{ gkfOg]
Joj:yf 5 . 6]lnlehg P;]Dan pBf]ux?n] 6]lnlehg h8fg ug{sf nflu cfjZos kf6{k'hf{ k}7f/L ubf{
@) k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n lnO{ hfFrkf; ug{'kg]{ u/L eG;f/ b/aGbL sfod u/klg ;f] b/aGbL k|of]u
gu/L ;a} P;]Dan 6]lnlehg pBf]un] P;]Dan ;fdu|LnfO{ kf6{;sf] a]Un} eG;f/ b/aGbL k|of]u u/L !)
k|ltzt cGtMz'Ns lt/L ljutdf hfFrkf; u/]sf] b]lvG5 . 6]lnlehg laqmLdf % k|ltzt dfq cGtMz'Ns
;Íng ubf{ qm]l86 /x]sf] cGtMz'NsnfO{ tL pTkfbsn] lhDd]jf/L ;fb}{ cfPsf] 5 . o;/L eG;f/ dx;'n
nufO{ hfFrkf; ug{'kg]{df cGtMz'Ns nufPsf] sf/0f qm]l86 /x]sf] cGtMz'Ns /sd z"Go ug{ ;fj{hlgs
n]vf ;ldltn] @)&$.#.#! df lgb]{zg lbPsf]df ;f] lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ePsf] 5}g .
cfly{s P]g, @)&$ sf] Joj:yfcg';f/ 6]lnlehg kf6{;df eG;f/ dx;'n dfkmL /x]sf]n] ;f]
zLif{saf6 hfFrkf; u/]sf sRrf kbfy{df nfu]sf] cGtMz'Ns qm]l86 lbg gldNg]df !! s/bftfn]
@)&$.@.!% cufl8 km/s b/aGbL k|of]u u/L eG;f/ dx;'n dfkmL ePsf] cGtMz'Ns qm]l86 lhDd]jf/L
;f/]sf] ?=@@ s/f]8 #^ nfv ^^ xhf/ / @)&$.@.!% kl5 @)&% cfiff9;Dd @) s/bftfn] k}7f/L
u/]sf] eG;f/ dx;'n dfkmL /x]sf] cGtMz'Ns qm]l86 ?=( s/f]8 *! nfv *! xhf/;d]t ?=#@ s/f]8
!* nfv $& xhf/ qm]l86 ;dfof]hg u/]sf]n] gkfpg] ;dfof]hg u/]sf] cGtMz'Nsdf z'Ns / Aofh;d]t
lx;fa u/L c;'n ug{'kb{5 .
121. cGtMz'Ns c;'nL – cGtMz'Ns P]g @)%* sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf !v= cg';f/ :jo+ lgisfzg
k|0ffnLdf aLhs hf/L ubf{sf avt cGtMz'Ns c;'n ug{'kg{] Joj:yf 5 . cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no
jL/uGh / nlntk'/–! sf @ s/bftfn] eG;f/ ljGb'af6 6]lnlehg Kofgn nufotsf kf6{; k}7f/L u/L
NofPsf] / sDkgLn] h8fg u/L 6]lnlehg agfO{ laqmL ug]{ u/]sf]n] pBf]un] kfpg] cfos/ 5'6 ;'ljwf
lnPsf] b]lvG5 . Ps s/bftfn] @)&@ >fj0fb]lv / csf]{ s/bftfn] @)&# efb|b]lv @)&% c;f/
d;fGt;Dd u/]sf] s'n laqmL ?=%* s/f]8 @% nfv (& xhf/dWo] cf}Bf]lus laqmL ?=%& s/f]8 ((
nfv #@ xhf/ /x]sf] 5 . ;f] cf}Bf]lus laqmLdf cGtMz'Ns s/ ;Íng u/L bflvnf u/]sf] gb]lvbf yk
5fglag u/L ;f]df !) k|ltzt cGtMz'Ns ?=% s/f]8 &( nfv #@ xhf/, d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=&% nfv
#! xhf/;d]t ?=^ s/f]8 %$ nfv ^# xhf/df z'Ns Aofh / hl/jfgf;d]t c;'n ug{'kb{5 .
122. a9L qm]l86 – cGtMz''Ns P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !) df cw'/f] jf q''l6k"0f{ cGtMz'Ns ljj/0f k]; u/]df
cGtMz'Ns clws[tn] cGtMz'Ns lgwf{/0f ug{;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, eb|k'/sf Ps
s/bftfn] k]; u/]sf] @)&!.&@ sf] dfl;s cGtMz'Ns ljj/0fdf ut jif{sf] df}Hbft ;/]sf] ?=$ s/f]8
() nfv !% xhf/df o; jif{ vl/bdf lt/]sf] ?=!@ nfv ! xhf/ tyf of] jif{ laqmLdf ;Íng u/]sf]
?=@& nfv %% xhf/ ldnfg ubf{ ?=$ s/f]8 &$ nfv ^! xhf/ qm]l86 b]vfpg'kg]{df ?=% s/f]8 @^
nfv $^ xhf/ b]vfPsf]n] a9L cGtMz'Ns qm]l86 bfaL u/]sf] ?=%! nfv *% xhf/ cdfGo ug{ s/
lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
123. Koflsª ;fdu|Ldf qm]l86 – cfly{s P]g, @)&@ n] cGtMz'Ns P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf #-s_ ;+zf]wg u/L
cGtMz'Ns nfUg] j:t' pTkfbgdf k|of]u x'g] sRrf kbfy{sf] vl/bdf lt/]sf] cGtMz'Ns s§f ug{ kfOg]
cy{ dGqfno
t/ ;xfos sRrfkbfy{ Koflsª ;fdfu|Lsf] ?kdf k|of]u x'g] vl/bdf lt/]sf] cGtMz'Ns s§L ug{ gkfOg]
pNn]v 5 . cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, sf]6]Zj/sf] Ps s/bftfn] @)&$.&% df Koflsª ;fdu|Ldf
lt/]sf] cGtMz'Ns ?=@ s/f]8 $$ nfv ;d]t qm]l86 bfaL u/]sf]n] ;f] /sddf Aofh, hl/afgf tyf
z'Ns;d]t u0fgf u/L cGtMz'Ns lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
124. :jf:Yo ;]jf s/ – cfly{s P]g, @)&# sf] bkmf & df ;/sf/L / ;fd'bflos c:ktfn afx]ssf lgsfon]
k|bfg ug]{ :jf:Yo ;]jfdf % k|ltztsf b/n] :jf:Yo ;]jfs/ c;'n ug{] Joj:yf 5 . :jf:Yo ;+:yf
:yfkgf, ;~rfng tyf :t/f]Gglt dfkb08;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&) cg';f/ ;fd'bflos c:ktfn
eGgfn] ;DalGwt ;/sf/L lgsfodf btf{ eO{ ;d'bfos} nufgL / Joj:yfkgdf ;~rfng x'g] u/L
d'gfkmf/lxt p2]Zon] ;~rfng ug{ cg'dlt k|fKt c:ktfnnfO{ hgfpg] pNn]v 5 . u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfaf6 ;~rflnt To:tf c:ktfnn] ;]jfu|fxLaf6 gl;{ª xf]d ;/x z'Ns c;'n ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
o:tf c:ktfnn] :jf:Yo ;]jf s/ c;'n gu/]sf]n] cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no, k'tnL;8ssf] Ps
s/bftfn] cfo jif{ @)&#.&$ df ltg'{kg]{ % k|ltzt :jf:Yo ;]jf z'Ns ?=! s/f]8 @* nfv @( xhf/
c;'n ug{ s/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
eG;f/ ljefu
eG;f/ ljefucGtu{t #$ d'Vo eG;f/ sfof{no / ;f]cGtu{t !$) 5f]6L eG;f/ sfof{no /x]sf 5g\ .
eG;f/ k|zf;gn] o; jif{ ?=# va{ @% ca{ &) s/f]8 /fh:j ;Íng ug]{ nIo lnPsf]df ?=# va{ @$ ca{ !&
s/f]8 ;Íng u/]sf] b]vfP tfklg eG;f/ d"No clej[l4 s/ / cGtMz'Ns /fh:j ?=# va{ !^ ca{ ^% s/f]8
nIosf] t'ngfdf (&=@ k|ltzt / ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf @$ k|ltzt a9L c;'nL ePsf] 5 . pQm ;Ílnt /fh:j
s'n /fh:jsf] sl/a $# k|ltzt x'G5 . o; jif{sf] ;Ílnt /fh:jdWo] eG;f/, d"No clej[l4 s/ /
cGtMz'Nssf] lx:;f qmdzM $$, $# / !# k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
125. /fh:jsf] nIo k|ult – ah]6 jQmJo, cy{ dGqfnon] tof/ u/]sf] k|ltj]bgnufotsf clen]vcg';f/
@)&@.&# b]lv @)&$.&% ;Ddsf] eG;f/ ljefusf] /fh:j c;'nL tYofÍ lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5M
-?= s/f]8df_
j[l4 k|ltzt -@)&#.&$
ljj/0f @)&@.&# @)&#.&$ @)&$.&%
sf] t'ngfdf_
nIo @,)%,*^ @,$^,)% #,@%,&) #@=#&
eG;f/ /fh:j *#,@( !,)$,&$ !,#&,#) #!=)*
k}7f/L d"=c=s/ (@,&! !,)%,#( !,$@,!) #$=*#
k}7f/L cGtMz'Ns @(,*^ #%,(@ $^,#) @*=*(
c;'nL !,)%,)* @,%$,%% #,!^,^% @$=$)
eG;f/ /fh:j *#,*( !,!!,*% !,#*,!# @#=$(
k}7f/L d"cs/ &&,(# !,)%,#% !,#^,$$ @(=%!
k}7f/L cGtMz'Ns ##,@^ #&,#% $@,)* !@=^^
of] jif{ k}7f/Ldf nfUg] eG;f/, cGtMz'Ns / d"No clej[l4 s/ /fh:jsf] nIo ?=# va{ @% ca{
&) s/f]8 /x]sf]df c;'nLsf] cj:yf ljZn]if0f ubf{ ?=# va{ !^ ca{ ^% s/f]8 cyf{t\ (&=@@ k|ltzt
c;'nL ePsf] 5 . ut jif{ cfoftLt ;fdu|Lsf] d"No ?=( va{ *$ ca{ #) s/f]8af6 of] jif{ ?=!@ va{
$$ ca{ *! s/f]8 k'u]sf] cyf{t\ ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf @^=$^ k|ltzt a9]sf]df /fh:j c;'nL @$=$)
k|ltzt a9]sf] 5 . k|If]lkt /fh:jsf] nIo k"/f ug{ hf]lvddf cfwfl/t dfnj:t'sf] hfFrkf; k|0ffnLdf
k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg'kb{5 .
126. dx;'n 5'6 – cfly{s P]g, @)&$ sf] eG;f/ b/aGbL cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf !^ df ef/t / hgjfbL
u0ftGq rLgsf] :j;flzt If]q ltAataf6 k}7f/L x'g] s[lifhGo j:t'x?df % k|ltzt s[lif ;'wf/ z'Ns /
;f] jfx]sdf !) k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n nfUg] Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ /;'jf eG;f/ sfof{noaf6 &!
k}7f/Lstf{n] ?=$ ca{ #& s/f]8 &) nfv d"Nosf] :ofp k}7f/L ubf{ % k|ltztn] s[lif ;'wf/ z'Ns dfq
c;'n u/]sf] kfOof] . tL :ofpx? rLgsf] :jzfl;t If]q ltAatdf pTkfbg geO{ cGo k|fGtaf6 vl/b
u/]/ ltAat x'Fb} k}7f/L ePsf] lanx?af6 b]lvG5 . rLgdf pTkfbg ePsf :ofp ef/tsf] sf]nsftf
cy{ dGqfno
aGb/ufx x'Fb} cfoft ubf{ !) k|ltzt eG;f/ dxz'n lnOPsf] 5 . o;/L !) k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'nsf]
;§f % k|ltzt s[lif ;'wf/ z'Ns lnPsf] sf/0fn] /fh:j c;'nLdf ?=@! s/f]8 *( nfv * xhf/ km/s
kg{ uPsf] 5 . cfly{s P]g, @)&$ sf] plNnlvt Joj:yf ltAatdf g} pTkfbg eO{ ;f]xL :yfgaf6
k}7f/L x'g] dfnj:t'df nfu" x'g] xf] jf rLgsf] h'g;'s} :yfgdf pTkfbg eO{ :jzfl;t If]q ltAat x'Fb}
k}7f/L x'Fbfsf] cj:yfdf nfu" x'g] eGg] ;DaGwdf :ki6
gePsf]n] dGqfnoaf6 JofVof u/L 6'Ëf] nufpg'kg{] eG;f/tk{m dx;'n 5'6 ePsf], 5'6
pNn]v ul/Psf]df xfn;Dd s'g} JofVof ePsf] b]lvFb}g . ;DaGwdf dGqfnoaf6 JofVof u/L 6'Ëf]
t;y{ km/s dx;'n b/ nufPsf] ;DaGwdf 6'Ëf] gnufPsf], /fh:j /sd a}Ín] l9nf]
nufpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 . k|ljli6 u/]sf], dfn j:t'sf] :ki6 3f]if0ff
gu/]sf], Go"g aLhsLs/0f ePsf], km/s
127. 5'§} a}Í vftf – sfof{nodf gub jf a}Í ef}r/sf] ?kdf eG;f/ ;+s]t gDa/ nufPsf], cGtMz'Ns /
k|fKt ePsf] h'g;'s} /fh:j /sd clgjfo{ ?kdf cfDbfgL d"No clej[l4 s/ 36L c;'n u/]sf], a}Í
/l;b sf6L ;DalGwt vftfdf cfDbfgL ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . Uof/]G6Ldf NofPsf ;fdfg ;dodf
s~rgk'/ eG;f/ sfof{non] /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}Í zfvf lgsf;L gu/]sf] nufotsf ljifodf ;'wf/
sfof{no s~rgk'/df eG;f/ sf]if vftfsf] cltl/Qm 5'§} x'g'kb{5 .
vftfdf ?=! s/f]8 #& nfv #( xhf/ df}Hbft /x]sf]
b]lvG5 . ;f] vftfsf] df}HbftnfO{ jiff{Gtdf z"Go ug'{'kg]{df @)&%.$.#) df klg df}Hbft /fv]sf] /sd
;l~rtsf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
128. l9nf a}Í k|ljli6 – sfof{noaf6 bflvnf ug{ k7fPsf] /sd a}Ín] tTsfn} /fh:j vftfdf bflvnf
ug'{kg]{df lj/f6gu/ eG;f/ sfof{non] @)&$.%.$ b]lv @)&$.^.!& ;Dd bflvnf ug{ k7fPsf] ?=#&
s/f]8 #% nfv %! xhf/nfO{ /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}Ín] @)&$.&.* df dfq bflvnf u/]sf] b]lvof] . ;/sf/L
/fh:j /sdnfO{ @ dlxgfeGbf a9L a}Ín] xf]N8 u/L /fv]sf] ;DaGwdf yk 5fglag u/L g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf]
@)&$ cfiff9 d;fGtsf] jfl0fHo a}Ísf] cfwf/ b/ (=*) k|ltztn] @ dlxgfsf] Aofh ?=^! nfv @ xhf/
c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
129. :ki6 3f]if0ff – cfly{s P]g, @)&$ cg';"rL !-!*_ df k}7f/L ePsf] dfnj:t'sf] xsdf k|f]kmdf{ OGEjfO;
tyf ltgsf aLhsdf dfnj:t'sf] ls6fgL ljj/0f, j:t' juL{s/0f zLif{s, k|To]s j:t'sf] k|lt OsfO{
d"No / kl/df0f v'nfpg'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . dfnj:t'sf] hfFrkf; ubf{ cfly{s P]gdf ePsf] Joj:yfcg';f/
k"0f{ ?kdf pNn]v gu/L ;fdfg hfFrkf; u/]sf] tyf sd b/sf] eG;f/ dx;'n c;'n u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf s]xL Joxf]/f b]xfoadf]lhd 5g\M
129.1 cfly{s P]g, @)&$ cg';f/ sf]6]8 8'Kn]S; af]8{nfO{ eG;f/ pkzLif{s $*!)(( af6 !% k|ltzt eG;f/
dx;'n / !# k|ltzt d"No clej[l4 s/ nufO{ hfFrkf; ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . lj/f6gu/ eG;f/
sfof{nodf ljleGg !( k}7f/Lstf{n] !!) k|1fkgkqaf6 ?=!) s/f]8 & nfv &* xhf/ d"No a/fa/sf]
8'Kn]S; af]8{df eG;f/ pkzLif{s $*)%(@ -sf]6]8 gePsf] zLif{saf6_ ;fˆ6f 5'6 lbP/ &=@% k|ltzt
eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/ nufO{ hfFrkf; u/]sf] 5 . k|1fkgkqdf pQm ;fdfg cgsf]6]8
ePsf] 3f]if0ff gu/L &=@% k|ltzt dx;'n nufO{ hfFrkf; ubf{ eG;f/ tyf cGo dx;'n ?=(! nfv !)
xhf/ 36L /fh:j k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
129.2 cfly{s P]g, @)&$ df eG;f/ pkzLif{s *$&!&) df sDKo'6/sf xf8{ l8:s cfGtl/s
-OG6g{n_ sf] nflu eG;f/ dx;'n gnfUg] / eG;f/ pkzLif{s *$&!&) df sDKo'6/sf xf8{ l8:s
:yfgfGt/0f ug{ ;Sg] -kf]6{]an_ jf afXo -PS;6g{n_ sf] nflu % k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n nfUg] Joj:yf
5 . lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn eG;f/ sfof{nodf of] cfly{s jif{df eG;f/ nfUg] xf8{ l8:s !(
xhf/ *% yfgsf] ?=* s/f]8 %^ nfv !! xhf/ k}7f/Ldf dx;'n c;'n u/]sf] 5 eg] ! nfv !& xhf/
#^@ yfgsf] ?=#& s/f]8 #( nfv % xhf/ k}7f/Ldf eG;f/ gnfUg] pNn]v u/L eG;f/ pkzLif{s g+=
+*$&!&) af6 hfFrkf; u/]sf] 5 . k|1fkgkq ;fy /x]sf lanx?sf] gd'gf k/LIf0f ubf{ pQm xf8{ l8:s
cfGtl/s jf afXo pNn]v g} gu/L cfGtl/s xf8{ l8:saf6 hfFrkf; ubf{ ?=$# nfv (% xhf/ /fh:j
5'6 ePsf] b]lvG5 .

cy{ dGqfno
129.3 lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn eG;f/ sfof{non] eG;f/ pkzLif{s *$&@() af6 hfFrkf; u/]sf
P6LPd d]l;gdf !% k|ltztsf b/n] cGtMz'Ns c;'n u/]sf] 5 . ljleGg k|1fkgkqaf6 k}7f/L ePsf]
kLcf]P; d]l;g klg ;f]xL k|s[lts} eP klg cGtMz'Ns gnfUg] Joj:yfcg';f/ 5'6} eG;f/ pkzLif{s
*$&)%) Sof; /lhi6/af6 hfFr kf; u/]sf] 5 . Ps} k|s[ltsf] ;fdfgdf cGtMz'Ns gnufpFbf ?=!
s/f]8 %! nfv #^ xhf/ sd /fh:j k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
ctM dfn;fdfgsf] oyfy{ ljj/0f k|1fkgkqdf pNn]v u/L ;f]xL cfwf/df dx;'n lgwf{/0f
x'g'kb{5 .
130. Go"g aLhsLs/0f – eG;f/ P]g, @)^$ sf] bkmf !# sf] pkbkmf -!%_ sf] v08 -v_ df k}7f/Lstf{n]
3f]if0ff u/]sf] d"No eG;f/ clws[tn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] d"NoeGbf 36L ePdf eG;f/ clws[tn]
dxflgb]{zssf] k"j{:jLs[lt lnO{, To;/L 3f]lift d"Nodf kfFr k|ltzt /sd yk ubf{ x'g cfpg] /sddf
dfnj:t' vl/b ug{] u/fpg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . ljleGg eG;f/ sfof{noaf6 hfFrkf; ePsf
k|1fkgkqsf] gd'gf 5gf}6 ubf{ df]afOnnufot On]S6«f]lgS; ;fdfgdf Go"g d"NofÍg x'g] tyf kfOG6x?
;fgf] ;fOh b]vfO{ Go"g aLhsLs/0f u/]sf] ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L ;f] j:t' vl/b;Ddsf sf/afxL
gubf{ k|bz{g k|efj kg{ klg ;s]sf] 5}g . Go"g aLhsLs/0fnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ sfo{df k|efjsfl/tf
Nofpg c;fdfGo ?kdf Go"g 3f]if0ff ePsf ;fdfgsf] ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/]/ vl/b u/L oyfy{ 3f]if0ff
k4ltdf pTk|]l/t u/fpg] / k|bz{g k|efj gLltnfO{ sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg'kb{5 .
131. 36L d"NofÍg – eG;f/ lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod ( df hkmt eO{ jf eG;f/ sfof{noaf6 5'6fO{
gnuL g]kfn ;/sf/sf] x'g cfPsf] ;'g, rfFbL, lx/f, hjfx/t, cd"No vlgh kbfy{ jf o;af6 ag]sf
uxgf tyf cGo j:t'x? g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín] vl/b ug]{ ePdf ;f] a}Ídf bflvnf ug{ k7fO{ k|rlnt
d"Noadf]lhd laqmL ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o eG;f/ sfof{noaf6 hkmt ePsf] ;'g, rfFbL
g]kfn /fi6« a}Ídf k7fO{ g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín] unfg ul/Psf] ;'g, rfFbLsf] unfg / cf:;] k/LIf0f kZrft\
sfod ePsf] tf}n tyf u'0f:t/ / ;f]sf] cfwf/df e'tmfgL lbg'kg]{ /sddf g]kfn /fi6« a}Í vl/b
ljlgodfjnL, @)&! sf] ljlgod !#$ adf]lhd unfg ePsf] lbgsf] cGt/f{li6«o b/df % k|ltzt yk
ubf{ x'g cfpg] /sd k7fpg] u/]sf] b]lvof] . eG;f/ lgodfjnLdf pNn]v ePcg';f/ k|rlnt
d"Noadf]lhd -rng rNtLsf] t]hfjL d"No_ vl/b ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf cg'?k laqmL gubf{ ?=! s/f]8 %#
nfv ^% xhf/ 36L /sd k|fKt ePsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf gLltut ?kdf lg0f{o u/L 5'6 ePsf] /sd
c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
132. km/s b/aGbL – eG;f/ sfof{nox?n] k}7f/L ePsf dfn;fdfgsf] hfFrkf; ubf{ cfly{s P]g, @)&$ sf]
cg';"rL ! / eG;f/ b/aGbL k'l:tsfdf plNnlvt ;+s]t gDa/cg';f/ dfnj:t'sf] oyfy{ ;+s]t olsg
u/L hfFrkf; ug'{kg]{df n]vfk/LIf0faf6 gd'gf 5gf}6 ul/Psf k|1fkgkqaf6 dfq k/LIf0f ubf{ km/s
;+s]t gDa/ tyf b/aGbL nufO{ ?=$* s/f]8 ^^ nfv #% xhf/ 36L /fh:j c;'n ePsf] 5 .
o;;DaGwL s]xL pbfx/0f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
132.1 lj/f6gu/ eG;f/ sfof{noaf6 Ps k}7f/Lstf{n] k}7f/L u/]sf ;fdfg ^) lsnf] ln6/sf el6{sn
6\of+snfO{ d]l;gsf] ?kdf hfFrkf; u/]sf] 5 . pQm ;fdfg :6f]/]h ug]{ Ifdtfsf ePsf]n] pkzLif{s
&#!!!) -kmnfd jf O:kftsf] ;+kLl8t jf t/nLs[t UofF; xfNg] cfwfgkfqx?_ af6 hfFrkf; ug'{kg]{
b]lvG5 . pQm b/aGbLaf6 hfFrkf; u/L eG;f/ dx;'n !% k|ltzt / d"No clej[l4 s/ c;'n ug'{kg]{df
pkzLif{s *$!(^) af6 $ k|ltztdfq eG;f/ dx;'n c;'n ePsf]n] 5'6 ePsf] dx;'n ?=&^ nfv
%! xhf/ c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
132.2 lj/f6gu/ eG;f/ sfof{non] ljleGg k}7f/Lstf{åf/f k}7f/L ul/Psf] lk|So'8{ /a/ 6«]8nfO{ eG;f/
pkzLif{s $)!@() af6 @) k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/ c;'n u/L hfFrkf; ug'{kg]{df
pkzLif{s $))*@! -gg\ ;]No'n/ /a/sf] kftf rfb/, :6«Lk_ af6 hfFrkf; u/L Ps k}7f/Lstf{af6 !)
k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n, cGo k}7f/Lstf{x?af6 ;fˆ6f ;'ljwfdf % k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No
clej[l4 s/ c;'n u/]sf] 5 . o;/L tf]lsPsf] eGbf km/s pkzLif{saf6 sd b/ nufO{ hfFrkf; ubf{
5'6 ePsf] dx;'n ?=$& nfv *( xhf/ c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
cy{ dGqfno
132.3 lj/f6gu/ eG;f/ sfof{non] Ps k}7f/L stf{af6 k}7f/L ePsf] k|fOd sf]6]8 sf]?u]6]8 l:6n l;6nfO{
eG;f/ pkzLif{s &@!)$! -lh+sn]lkt ss{6Ls[t jf u/fu/f kfl/Psf] jf sf]?u]6]8_ af6 !% k|ltzt
eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/ c;'n u/L hfFrkf; u/]sf] 5 . pQm ;fdfg lh+ssf]6]8 gePsf]n]
pkzLif{s &@!)&) -/+un]lkt, /f]ug nufPsf] jf Knfli6ssf] n]kg ul/Psf]_ af6 juL{s/0f u/L #)
k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/ c;'n ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . o;/L km/s b/aGbL nufO{ hfFrkf;
ugf{n] 5'6 x'g uPsf] ?=@ s/f]8 $* nfv %% xhf/ c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
132.4 lj/f6gu/ eG;f/ sfof{non] ljleGg k}7f/Lstf{åf/f k}7f/L u/]sf] lrn/ d]l;gnfO{ eG;f/ pkzLif{s
*$!*^( -Pc/ sl08l;ª afx]s tfk kDk sf] cGo_ af6 juL{s/0f u/L !% k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n /
d"No clej[l4 s/ c;'n ug'{kg]{df dx;'n b/ dfkmL hlgPsf] pkzLif{s *$!(*( -cGo_ af6 hfFrkf;
u/]sf] kfOof] . km/s pkzLif{saf6 hfFrkf; ubf{ 5'6 ePsf] eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/;lxt
?=@@ nfv (# xhf/ c;'n ug'{kg]{ / csf]{ Ps k}7f/L stf{n] 6«sdf k|of]u x'g] 6fo/nfO{ eG;f/
pkzLif{s $)!!@)-j; / nx/Ldf k|of]u x'g] 6fo/_ af6 juL{s/0f u/L @) k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n /
d"No clej[l4 s/ c;'n u/L hfFrkf; ug'{kg]{df eG;f/ pkzLif{s $)!!*) -lgdf{0f sfo{, vfgL jf
pBf]u ;~rfngsf lgldQsf] uf8L / oGqx?df k|of]u x'g] vfnsf_ af6 !% k|ltztdfq eG;f/ dx;'n
/ d"No clej[l4 s/ c;'n u/]sf]n] 5'6 x'g uPsf] eG;f/ dx;'n tyf d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=#$ nfv
@^ xhf/;d]t ?=%& nfv !( xhf/ c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
132.5 ljleGg k}7f/L stf{af6 k}7f/L ePsf] dfpG6]8 lkl;la af]8{nfO{ eG;f/ pkzLif{s *%@*&! -b[Zo k|bz{g
jf :qmLg ;dfj]z ug]{ u/L l8hfOg gul/Psf]_ af6 hfFrkf; u/L !% k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No
clej[l4 s/ nufO{ hfFrkf; ug'{kg]{df lj/f6gu/ eG;f/ sfof{non] eG;f/ pkzLif{s *%@(()
-cGo /]l8of] l/l;e/sf kf6{k'hf{ ;d]t_ af6 hfFrkf; u/]sf]n] 5'6 x'g uPsf] eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No
clej[4 s/;d]t ?=^% nfv %$ xhf/ c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
132.6 lj/f6gu/ eG;f/ sfof{non] Ps k}7f/Lstf{af6 k}7f/L u/]sf] ldS:8 af]g ldnnfO{ pkzLif{s @#)(()
-hLjhGt'sf cfxf/sf] ?kdf k|of]u x'g] tof/L cGo j:t'_ af6 bfgf tyf kz'k+5L pBf]un] :jb]zdf
k|o]fu ug]{ u/L k}7f/L ug]{ lkm8 ;lKnd]G6 k}7f/L ubf{ lbOg] 5'6 ;'ljwfdf ! k|ltztdfq eG;f/ dx;'n
c;'n u/L hfFrkf; u/]sf] 5 . cfly{s P]gn] kfNt' hgfj/sf] cfxf/fnfO{ geO{ s'v'/fsf] bfgfnfO{ dfq
5'6 lbPsf] 5 . k}7f/Lstf{n] s'v'/fsf] geO{ cGo kfNt' hgfj/sf] bfgf pTkfbg ug]{ ;fdu|L k}7f/L
u/]sf]n] ;f] 5'6 lbg ldNg] b]lvPg . t;y{ pQm ;fdfgnfO{ eG;f/ pkzLif{s )%)^()) -cGo_ af6 !)
k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/;d]t c;'n ug'{kg]{df ! k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n dfq c;'n
ePsf]n] 5'6 ePsf] dx;'n ?=(@ nfv $^ xhf/ c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
132.7 ljleGg k}7f/Lstf{n] k}7f/L u/]sf ?=@ s/f]8 %( nfv %@ xhf/sf] sf7sf] sfd ug]{ d]l;g eG;f/
pkzLif{s *$^%(! -cf/f lrg]{ jf s/f}tLn] sf6\g]_, *$^%(% -l8«lnª jf df]6fOl;ª_ cflbaf6
juL{s/0f u/L % k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/;d]t c;'n ug'{kg]{df d]rL eG;f/
sfof{noaf6 sf7sf] sfd ug]{ km/s km/s k|s[ltsf d]l;gnfO{ eG;f/ b/aGbLsf] Pp6} pkzLif{s
*$^%(@ -/08f ug]{ jf ;dtn ug]{ ldlnª jf df]lN8ª d]l;g_ af6 $ k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'ndfq
c;'n u/L hfFrkf; ePsf] 5 . o;/L km/s eG;f/ pkzLif{saf6 hfFrkf; ubf{ d]rL eG;f/ sfof{nodf
5'6 x'g uPsf] eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=#* nfv @ xhf/ / lj/f6gu/ eG;f/ sfof{nodf
;f]xL cg';f/ 5'6 x'g uPsf] eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=!% nfv ^@ xhf/;d]t ?=%# nfv
^$ xhf/ c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
132.8 df]afON;sf] se/ l;;f 6]Dk/ Unf;nfO{ eG;f/ pkzLif{s &))%@( -cjzf]ifs, k|ltljDjLo jf
ck|ltljDjLo tx sf] cGo_ af6 hfFrkf; u/L #) k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n % k|ltzt cGtMz'Ns / d"No
clej[l4 s/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 . sltko k}7f/L stf{af6 k}7f/L ePsf] ;fdfg ;f]xL zLif{saf6 hfFrkf; u/]
tfklg km/s b/aGbL nufpFbf ljleGg k|1fkgkqaf6 /;'jf eG;f/ sfof{noaf6 5'6 x'g uPsf] eG;f/
dx;'n, cGtMz'Ns / d"No clej[l4 s/;d]t ?=@%nfv () xhf/ / ;f]xL ;fdu|Ldf jL/uGh eG;f/
sfof{noaf6 5'6 x'g uPsf] ?=@( nfv (( xhf/;d]t ?=%% nfv *( xhf/ c;'n x'g'kb{5 .

cy{ dGqfno
132.9 lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn eG;f/ sfof{non] ljleGg k}7f/Lstf{n] k}7f/L u/L NofPsf] k|mf]hg
af]gn]; lrs]g eG;f/ pkzLif{s )@)&!$ -lxdLs[t 6'qmf / cjz]if_ af6 hfFrkf; u/L eG;f/ dx;'n
!) k|ltzt dfq c;'n u/]sf] b]lvof] . pQm lrs]g k|zf]lwt eO{ Eofs'd Kofsdf k}7f/L x'g] / @ jif{
pkef]u cjlw x'g] ePsfn] eG;f/ pkzLif{s !^)@#( -tof/L jf ;'/lIft df;'af6_ af6 hfFrkf; u/L
!% k|ltzt eG;f/, % k|ltzt cGtMz'Ns / d"No clej[l4 s/ nufP/ hfFrkf; ug'{kg]{df cGo eG;f/
pkzLif{saf6 hfFrkf; u/]sf]n] 5'6 x'g uPsf] ?=! s/f]8 &# nfv &) xhf/ c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
132.10 ;6lqm6 d]l;g -s+lqm6 kDkx?_ nfO{ eG;f/ pkzLif{s *$!#$) af6 juL{s/0f u/L !) k|ltzt eG;f/
dx;'n / d"No clej[l4s/ c;'n ug'{kg]{df /;'jf eG;f/ sfof{non] eG;f/ pkzLif{s *$&$#! -s+lqm6
jf df]6f/ ldS;/x?_ / cGo pkzLif{saf6 hfFrkf; ubf{ ?=$* nfv ^* xhf/ eG;f/ dx;'n tyf
d"No clej[l4 s/ 5'6 x'g uPsf] /sd c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
132.11 jL/uGh eG;f/ sfof{non] 6«s dfpG6]g qm]gnfO{ eG;f/ pkzLif{s *$#!$( -cGo_ af6 % k|ltzt
eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/ c;'n u/L hfFrkf; u/]sf] 5 . pQm ;fdfgx? 6«s dfpG6]8 qm]gsf
kf6{\; ePsf]n] *&)*(( -cGo_ af6 !% k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n, % k|ltzt cGtMz'Ns / d"No clej[l4
s/ c;'n u/L hfFrkf; ug'{kg]{df km/s eG;f/ pkzLif{saf6 hfFrkf; x'Fbf 5'6 x'g uPsf] eG;f/
dx;'n, cGtMz'Ns / d"No clej[l4 s/;d]t ?=@( nfv !@ xhf/ c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
132.12 ljleGg ˆn]e/sf Ogf]nfO{ eG;f/ pkzLif{s @!)^() -cGoq gk/]sf vfB kbfy{sf] cGo_ af6 hfFrkf;
u/L !% k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/ c;'n ug'{kg]{df jL/uGh eG;f/ sfof{non]
#))$() -cGo_ af6 hfFrkf; u/L !) k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/ c;'n u/]sf]n] 5'6
x'g uPsf] eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/;d]t ?=@( nfv && xhf/ / ln8 Pl;8 Aof6«LnfO{
eG;f/ pkzLif{s *%)&!) -lki6g OlGhg hufpg k|of]u x'g] k|sf/sf] l;;f cDn–nL8 Pl;8_ af6
hfFrkf; u/L !% k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n, !) k|ltzt cGtMz'Ns / d"No clej[l4 s/ nufO{ hfFrkf;
ug'{kg]{df pkzLif{s *%)$$) -:6ofl6s sGe6/_ af6 hfFrkf; u/L !% k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No
clej[l4 s/ nufO{ hfFrkf; u/]sf] x'Fbf km/s b/aGbL nufO{ hfFrkf; ubf{ 36L ePsf] cGtMz'Ns /
;f]sf] d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=@^ nfv ($ xhf/;d]t ?=%^ nfv &! xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
132.13 6g]n h]6nfO{ eG;f/ pkzLif{s *&)%!) -qm]g nx/Lx?_ af6 hfFrkf; u/L !) k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n
/ d"No clej[l4 s/ c;'n ug'{kg]{df jL/uGh eG;f/ sfof{non] eG;f/ pkzLif{s *$@$@) -lkrsf
:k|]uG;_ af6 d]l;gsf] ?kdf hfFrkf; u/L eG;f/ dx;'n b/ % / d"No clej[l4 s/ c;'n u/]sf] x'Fbf
5'6 ePsf] eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=%% nfv ** xhf/ c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
132.14 cfly{s P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf @ df ljb]zaf6 g]kfnleq k}7f/L x'g] ;fdfgx? :k]o;{ kf6{ km/ s+lqm6
:k]|Oª hDaf], l/k]o/kf6{; ckm PS:kf] u|fOl8Ë OlSjkd]G6nufotdf eG;f/ pkzLif{s *$&$() af6 %
k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/ nufO{ hfrkf; ug'{kg]{df eG;f/ pkzLif{s *$@$() af6
juL{s/0f u/L eG;f/ dx;'n dfkmL zLif{saf6 hfFrkf; ubf{ /;'jf eG;f/ sfof{non] ?=* s/f]8 ($
nfv d"Nosf ;fdfgdf 5'6 ePsf] eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=%) nfv %^ xhf/ c;'n
x'g'kb{5 .
132.15 cfly{s P]g, @)&$ sf] eG;f/ dx;'n cg';"rL ! bkmf !$-#_em df g]kfndf s]a'nsf/ ;~rfng ug]{
p2]Zon] btf{ ePsf pBf]un] k}7f/L ug]{ pkzLif{s &#!@!) df kg]{ s]j'n -nÝf_ / pkzLif{s *$#!#(
df kg]{ tof/L Sofj jf Sofj lgdf{0f ug{ cfjZos kg]{ pkzLif{s &@!)() df kg]{ l:6n kftf k}7f/L
ubf{ rf/ k|ltztdfq eG;f/ dx;'n nfUg] Joj:yf 5 . o;adf]lhd 6fj/ lgdf{0fsf nflu cfjZos
kmnfdnfO{ d]l;g/Laf6 juL{s/0f ug{ ldNb}g . cfly{s P]gn] s]jnsf/ lgdf{0fsf] nflu cfjZos
dfnj:t' ;DalGwt eG;f/ b/aGbLaf6 g} hfFrkf; ug'{kg]{ / P]gn] tf]s]sf eG;f/ b/aGbLdf dfq
/fh:j 5'6 x'g] Joj:yf 5 . t/ Ps s]a'nsf/ sDkgLn] ;'Vvf aGb/ufx eG;f/ sfof{noaf6 k}7f/L
u/]sf s]ansf/sf ;a} ;fdu|L pkzLif{s *$@*^) -d]l;g/L_ af6 $ k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'ndfq c;'n
u/L hfFrkf; u/]sf] 5 . h'g ljZj eG;f/ ;+u7gn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] eG;f/ juL{s/0f / JofVofsf]
l;4fGt;Fu ldNb}g . tL ;fdu|Lx? eG;f/ pkzLif{s &#)*, &#!@, *$@*, *$#! / *%@* af6
cy{ dGqfno
juL{s/0f ubf{ nfUg] eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/;d]t ?=# s/f]8 %^ nfv #) xhf/ 5'6]sf]
/sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
To:t} jL/uGh eG;f/ sfof{noaf6 Ps Joj;foLn] k}7f/L u/]sf] 6fj/ n7\7fnufotsf
;fdfgnfO{ pkzLif{s *$#!#( af6 hfFrkf; u/L % k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/ c;'n
u/]sf]n] tf]lsPsf] b/cg';f/ 5'6 ePsf] eG;f/ dx;'n, cGtMz'Ns / d"No clej[l4 s/;d]t ?=#$ nfv
&@ xhf/ 36L c;'n ePsf]n] 5fglag u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
132.16 ;'k/sG6«f]n o'lg6 af]8{, dN6L ;le{; kf]6{ cflbnfO{ eG;f/ pkzLif{s g+ *%#*!) -af]8{ Kofgn sG;f]n
8]:s_ af6 hfFrkf; u/L !) k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/ c;'n ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 .
ljleGg ldltdf k}7f/L ePsf ;fdfg ;f]xL eG;f/ pkzLif{saf6 juL{s/0f u/L hfFrkf; u/] tfklg
jL/uGh eG;f/ sfof{non] Ps k}7f/L stf{n] ?=& s/f]8 !& nfv !& xhf/sf] pQm ;fdfg k}7f/L ubf{
pQm pkzLif{saf6 hfFrkf; gu/L] eG;f/ pkzLif{s g+= *%!&^@ -;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f d]l;g_ af6 hfFrkf;
u/L % k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/ dfq c;'n u/]sf] x'Fbf km/s b/aGbL nufO{ hfFrkf;
ubf{ 5'6 x'g uPsf] eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=$) nfv %@ xhf/ c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
132.17 eG;f/ ljefun] @)%^.!.!( df u/]sf] j:t' juL{s/0f / JofVofnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL jL/uGh eG;f/
sfof{non] k}7f/L ePsf P:k]l6s Kofs]lhª d]6]l/onnfO{ eG;f/ pkzLif{s &^)&@) af6 !% k|ltzt
eG;f/ / d"No clej[l4 s/ nufO{ hfFrkf; u/]sf] 5 . ut jif{x?df pQm ;fdfgx? eG;f/ pkzLif{s
$*!!%( af6 hfFrkf; ePsf], cGt/f{li6«o tYofÍaf6 klg ;f] j:t' $*!!%( af6 hfFrkf; ePsf],
k}7f/Lstf{n] k]; u/]sf] aLhsdf klg eG;f/ juL{s/0f $*!!%( g} /x]sf] / ;fdu|Lsf] ljz]iftf d"NofÍg
ubf{ &) k|ltzt sfuh, @$ k|ltzt Knfli6S;, afFsL ^ k|ltztdfq cfNd'lgod ePsf] cj:yfdf
cfNd'lgod zLif{sdf juL{s/0f u/]sf] ldNg] b]lvPg . ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gsf] @)!@ sf] &^=)& sf] o;
zLif{sdf gkg]{ -v_ df sfuh / sfuhft -k]k/ af]8{_ sf] ;f/e"t nIf0f sfod} /x]sf], b"w, kmnsf] /;
jf cGo vfB pTkfbgx?sf] vf]n jf a§f agfpgsf] nflu cfNd'lgodsf] ˆjfOn -kGgL_ sf] c:t/
xflnPsf] zLif{s $*!! df kg]{ pNn]v ePsf] b]lvG5 . t;y{ pQm dfnj:t' $*!!%() -P8x]l;e
afx]ssf Knfli6s sf]6]8 sfuh_ af6 hfFrkf; ug'{kg]{df km/s b/aGbL nufO{ hfFrkf; u/]sf]n] 5'6
ePsf] eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=(& nfv ^! xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
;f]xL k|s[ltsf] dfnj:t' n]ldg]6]8 km/ sf6'{g -k]s]lhª k]k/_ nfO{ eG;f/ pkzLif{s $*!!%(
-n]lkt ;+l;tmsf] cGo_ af6 hfFrkf; u/L @) k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[lb s/ c;'n
ug'{kg]{df jL/uGh eG;f/ sfof{noaf6 Ps k}7f/Lstf{n] pQm ;fdfgnfO{ eG;f/ pkzLif{s &^)&@)
af6 hfFrkf; u/L !% k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/ c;'n u/]sf] b]lvof] . o;/L km/s
b/aGbL nufpFbf 5'6 x'g uPsf] eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=^ s/f]8 *! nfv * xhf/ c;'n
x'g'kb{5 .
132.18 s"lnË 6fj/x?sf] hfFrkf; k|of]hgsf] nflu ljZjsf ljleGg d'n'sn] *$!(*( / *$!(() h:tf gofF
eG;f/ b/aGbL l;h{gf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . PsLs[t eG;f/ b/aGbLcg';f/ eG;f/ b/aGbL *$!( sf ;a}
pkzLif{sdf eG;f/ dx;'n nfU5 t/ eG;f/ b/aGbL *$!(*( -cGo_ df ;a} dx;'n dfkmL /x]sf]
b]lvG5 . e}/xjf eG;f/ sfof{noaf6 Ps pBf]un] ;f] dfnj:t' k}7f/L ubf{ s'g} dx;'n gnfUg] eG;f/
b/aGbL *$!(*( -cGo_ af6 hfFrkf; u/]sf] 5 . eG;f/ b/aGbL *$!^#) -oflqs Iff/ laifh{g–
d]sflgsn of; l8;rfh{/_ / *$!((% -lx6 PS;r]Gh o'lg6\;_ /x]sf] 5 . s"lnË 6fj/sf] k|s[ltcg';f/
ldNbf] h'Nbf] tL eG;f/ b/aGbL x'Fbfx'Fb} cGodf juL{s/0f ug{ ldNg] b]lvFb}g . t;y{ tL eG;f/
b/aGbLaf6 % k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n nufO{ hfFrkf; ug'{kg]{df b/aGbL km/s kf/L hfFrkf; x'Fbf ?=%!
s/f]8 &) nfv &$ xhf/ d"Nosf] ;fdu|Ldf 5'6 x'g uPsf]n] eG;f/ dx;'n % k|ltztsf b/n] x'g
cfpg] ?= @ s/f]8 %* nfv %# xhf/ c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
132.19 cfly{s P]g, @)&$ sf] cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf !$ sf] -#u_df efu *$ cGtu{t % k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n
nfUg] ;fdu|Lsf] klxrfg of]Uo j:t'df $ k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n nfUg] Joj:yf 5 . t/ efu &# df kg]{
kmnfd jf O:kftsf kfOkx?df of] ;'ljwf glbO{ b/aGbLcg';f/s} eG;f/ dx;'n nfUg] Joj:yf 5 .
cy{ dGqfno
o:tf] kmnfd jf O:kft -k]mla|s]6]8 l:6n_ df @) k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n nfUg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .
e}/xjf eG;f/ sfof{non] Ps k}7f/Lstf{n] k}7f/L u/]sf] l:6n k]mla|s]6]8df eG;f/ b/aGbL &#)*()
af6 @) k|ltzt g} eG;f/ dx;'n lnPsf]df ;f]xL cfk"t{sn] k}7f/L u/]sf * k|1fkgsf] d"No ?=#(
s/f]8 ^! nfv !@ xhf/df $ k|ltzt dfq eG;f/ dx;'n lnPsf]n] eG;f/ dx;'n / ;f]sf] d"No
clej[l4 s/;d]t ?=!@ s/f]8 %! nfv &! xhf/ 5'6 ePsf] 5 . pQm l;d]G6 pBf]udf k]ma|Ls]6]8 l:6n
7"nf] dfqfdf k|of]u x'g] / s]xL c+z dfq d]l;g/Lsf] klxrfgof]Uo j:t'sf] ?kdf 5'6 kfpg] x'Fbf afFsLdf
b/aGbLcg';f/sf] dx;'n lng'kg]{df 5fglag u/L olsg ug'{kb{5 .
132.20 eG;f/ b/aGbL;DaGwL JofVof cg';f/ d'VotM JolQm jf dfnj:t'sf] oftfoftsf nflu agfOPsf
afx]ssf vf; p2]Zosf df]6/ uf8Lx? h:t} cj/f]w ug]{ u/L n/L, qm]g n/Lx?, bdsnx?, s+lqm6
ld>0f n/L, ;8s a9fg]{ sfdsf n/Lx?, :k|] ug]{ n/Lx? cflb b/aGbL *&)% af6 hfFrkf; ug'{kg]{,
prfNg] 9fFrfsf n/Lx?dfq b/aGbL *$@^ cGtu{t kg]{ / OlGhg hl8t qm]g n/LnfO{ eG;f/ b/aGbL
*&)%!) af6 hfFrkf; ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . e}/xjf eG;f/ sfof{non] ljleGg #% k|1fkgkqaf6
OlGhg hl8t qm]g n/Lx?nfO{ *&)%!) af6 hfFrkf; ug'{kg]{df cGoqaf6 hfFrkf; u/]sf] sf/0faf6
5'6 ePsf] !) k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=$ s/f]8 *$ nfv (@ xhf/ / s+lqm6
ldSr/ n/Lx?nfO{ eG;f/ b/aGbL *&)%$) af6 !) k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n / !# k|ltzt d"No
clej[l4 s/ nufO{ hfFrkf; ug'{kg]{df eG;f/ b/aGbL *$&$#! af6 $ k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'ndfq
nufO{{ hfFrkf; u/]sf]n] 5'6 eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/;d]t ?=! s/f]8 !$ nfv &#
xhf/;d]t ?=% s/f]8 (( nfv ^% xhf/ 5'6 ePsf] /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
132.21 cfly{s P]g, @)&$ sf] Joj:yfcg';f/ 8'Kn]S; af]8{ zL6nfO{ eG;f/ b/aGbL ;+s]t g+=$*!)(@ af6 !%
k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/ c;'n u/L hfFrkf; ug'{kg]{df e}/xjf eG;f/ sfof{non]
@!( k|1fkgkq ;fˆ6f 5'6 lbO{ &=@% k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n lnO{ hfFrkf; u/]sf] b]lvof] . pQm
;fdfgdf ;fˆ6f 5'6sf] ;'ljwf kfpg] gb]lvFbf ;fˆ6f ;'ljwf lbPsf] sf/0f 36L c;'n ePsf] &=&%
k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/;d]t ?=! s/f]8 $# nfv &) xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
132.22 eG;f/ b/aGbL #(@)(( -d'b|0f ul/Psf]_ af6 lk|G6]8 Kofs]lhª eG;f/ dx;'n @) k|ltzt, cGtMz'Ns
% k|ltzt / d"No clej[l4 s/ nufO{ hfFrkf; ug'{kg]{df e}/xjf eG;f/ sfof{non] eG;f/ b/aGbL
#(@)^( af6 eG;f/ dx;'n !% / !$=@% k|ltzt, cGtMz'Ns % k|ltzt / d"No clej[l4 s/ nufO{
hfFrkf; u/]sf]n] 5'6 x'g uPsf] eG;f/ dx;'n, cGtMz'Ns / d"No clej[l4 s/;d]t ?=%$ nfv ^^
xhf/ c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
132.23 eG;f/ pkzLif{s *%#&&@ df :jLlrË pks/0f afx]ssf ! xhf/ ef]N6eGbf a9Lsf ef]N6]h :jLr luo/
kb{5g\ . ;f]df !) k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/ nfUg] Joj:yf 5 . e}/xjf eG;f/
sfof{noaf6 Ps l;d]G6 pBf]un] ?=@# s/f]8 (* nfv () xhf/sf] Pn;LPdaL lk|mSj]G;L :jLr,
ldl8od ef]Nh]6 :jLr luo/, PdeL lk|mSj]G;L sGe6{/ cflb k}7f/L ubf{ eG;f/ pkzLif{s *%!&^! j]z
:6];gaf6 % k|ltzt eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/ nufO{ hfFrkf; u/]sf] x'Fbf 5'6 x'g uPsf]
eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/;d]t ?=! s/f]8 #% nfv %$ xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
132.24 cfly{s P]g, @)&$ sf] cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf % df g]kfnleq k}7f/L ePsf dfnj:t'df cGtMz'Ns P]g
@)%* adf]lhd cGtMz'Ns / bkmf ^ df d"No clej[l4s/ P]g, @)%@ adf]lhd d"No clej[l4s/ nufO{
c;'n ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . ;'Vvf aGb/ufxf eG;f/ sfof{noaf6 ljleGg k}7f/Lstf{x?af6 k}7f/L ul/Psf
cGtMz'Ns nfUg] j:t'x? ;jf/L;fwgsf] Ifdtfcg';f/ cGtMz'Ns gnufO{ km/s pkzLif{saf6 hfFrkf;
ePsf] sf/0fn] 36L ePsf] cGtMz'Ns / d"No clej[l4 s/;d]t ?=!& nfv %% xhf/ / e}/xjf eG;f/
sfof{noaf6 ljleGg k}7f/Lstf{n] k}7f/L u/]sf] P;;L eNjdf eG;f/ b/aGbL *$*!!)) af6 eG;f/
dx;'n &=@% k|ltzt, % k|ltzt cGtMz'Ns / d"No clej[l4 s/ nufO{ hfFrkf; ug{'kg]{df eG;f/
b/aGbL *$*!*)! af6 hfFrkf; u/]sf] sf/0f % k|ltzt cGtMz'Ns / ;f]df nfUg] d"No clej[l4
s/;d]t ?=!( nfv &* xhf/;d]t s'n ?=#& nfv ## xhf/ 5'6 ePsf] /sd c;'n x'g'kb{5 .

cy{ dGqfno
132.25 eG;f/ b/aGbL *&)!@) df ;]dL 6]«n/sf] nflu ;8sdf u'8\g] 6«ofS6/ -!*)) ;L=;L=eGbf dfly_ df
eG;f/ dx;'n % k|ltzt / d"No clej[l4 s/ nfUg] Joj:yf 5 . wgu9L eG;f/ sfo{noaf6 Ps
k}7f/Lstf{n] ;f]adf]lhd 6«ofS6/ k}7f/L ubf{ pQm eG;f/ b/aGbL *&)!!)() af6 eG;f/ dxz'n %
k|ltztdfq nufO{ hfFrkf; u/]sf] kfOof] . km/s b/aGbL k|of]u u/L sf/f]af/ d"No ?=! s/f]8 ^^
nfvdf !# k|ltzt d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=@@ nfv ^@ xhf/ 5'6 ePsf] / g]kfnuGh eG;f/ sfo{non]
Plne]6/, 6«ofS6/nufotdf 5"6 ePsf] eG;f/ dx;'n / d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=$^ nfv ^^ xhf/;d]t ?
$( nfv @* xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
133. cfof]hgfsf] eG;f/ 5'6 – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !)-$_ df lgdf{0f sfo{sf]
nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ k|of]u x'g] d]l;g, pks/0f tyf lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] lhNnf b//]6 cg';f/
cg';"rL ! sf] 9fFrfdf slG6Gh]G;L / d"No clej[l4 s/;d]t yk u/L nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{kg]{
Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cfˆg} nufgLdf cyjf bft[ /fi6« jf lgsfosf] ;xof]udf ;~rflnt
cfof]hgfx?df k|of]u x'g] lgdf{0f ;fdu|L, pks/0f cfoft ubf{ k6s] lg0f{o u/L ! k|ltzt eG;f/
dx;'n lnO{ hfFrkf; u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o:tf cfof]hgfx?df lgdf{0fsf] nfut cg'dfgsf] b/ ljZn]if0f
ubf{ lhNnf b//]6nfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ tof/ u/]sf] b]lvof] . nfut cg'dfgaf6 af]nkq cfXjfg u/L vl/b
;Demf}tf tyf e'QmfgL ubf{ ;d]t 5'6 ;'ljwf /sd s6fPsf] b]lvFb}g .
of] jif{ ljleGg eG;f/ sfof{noaf6 To:tf cfof]hgfsf] nflu hfFrkf; ul/Psf ;fdfgsf] gd'gf
5gf}6 ubf{ g]kfnuGh eG;f/ sfo{noaf6 hfFrkf; x'Fbf @ 7]Ssfdf ?=! s/f]8 @% nfv / jL/uGh
eG;f/ sfo{noaf6 hfFrkf; x'Fbf # 7]Ssfdf ?=@ s/f]8 ^# nfv eG;f/ dx;'n 5'6 eO{ /fh:j sd
c;'n ePsf] b]lvG5 . lhNnf b//]6nfO{ cfwf/ dfgL nfut cg'dfg / 7]Ssf aGbf]a:t x'g] u/]sf]df
lgdf{0f r/0fdf cfoft ul/Psf ;fdu|Ldf eG;f/ 5'6 lbFbf lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ ;x'lnot k'uL /fh:j
c;'nLdf sdL cfPsf] x'Fbf ;DalGwt dGqfno;Fu ;dGjo u/L :ki6 gLltut Joj:yf ug{ h?/L
b]lvPsf] 5 .
134. a}Í Uof/]G6L – eG;f/ lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !^ df a08]8 j]o/ xfp;sf] Ohfhtkqjfnfn]
lgsf;L jf :jb]zdf g} kl/jTo{ ljb]zL d'b|fdf laqmL ul/g] dfnj:t' pTkfbg ug{ cfjZos kg]{
sRrfkbfy{af6 tof/L j:t' Dofb yk;d]t !& dlxgfleq lgsf;L gu/]df nfUg] dx;'n / @% k|ltzt
yk hl/afgf c;'n ul/g] Joj:yf 5 . d]rL, lj/f6gu/, ;'Vvf aGb/ufx, jL/uGh, /;'jf / e}/xjf
eG;f/ sfof{noaf6 @& k}7f/Lstf{n] Dofb yk;lxt !& dlxgfleq tof/L j:t' lgsf;L u/]sf]
gb]lvPsf]n] pQm sRrfkbfy{df nfUg] eG;f/ dx;'n / ;f]sf] @% k|ltzt yk dx;'n;d]t ?=* s/f]8
** nfv c;'n ug{'kb{5 .
lgj[Qe/0f Joj:yfkg sfof{no
135. lgj[Qe/0f ;]jf z'Ns — lgj[Qe/0f Joj:yfkg sfof{non] ;]jf lgj[Q lghfdtL, k|x/L, g]kfnL
;]gftk{msf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lgj[Qe/0fsf] /sd pknAw u/fPafkt lgj[Qe/0fsf] Xof08lnª rfh{nfO{
@)%@.@.@* sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ k|lt ;}s8f ^) k};faf6 j[l4 u/L ?=!.– sfod u/]sf] b]lvof] . xfn;Dd
lgj[Qe/0f /sdsf] ! k|ltztn] x'g] /sd Xof08lnª rfh{afkt a}ÍnfO{ pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 .
ljut # jif{sf] lgj[Qe/0f Xof08lnª rfh{ vr{ k/LIf0f ubf{ @)&@.&# df ?=@^ s/f]8 %* nfv,
@)&#.&$ df ?=#^ s/f]8 &@ nfv / @)&$.&% df ?=#( s/f]8 &* nfv e} k|ltjif{ al9/x]sf] cj:yf
5 . ljutdf ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u gx'Fbf lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] ;]jf z'Ns xfn ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 /sd
6«fG;km/ x'g], ljj/0f tof/ ug]{, ;"rgf cfbfg–k|bfg ug{ ;xh x'Fbf nfut 36\g hfg] cj:yfdf
;fljssf] lg0f{odf k'g/fjnf]sg ePsf] 5}g . lgj[Qe/0f Xof08lnª b/df ;d;fdlos k'g/fjnf]sg
u/L ;/sf/L vr{df ldtJolotf Nofpg]tkm{ Wofg k''¥ofpg' h?/L 5 .

cy{ dGqfno
Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL -6L=P;=P_
dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] ah]6 sfof{Gjogdf ;xhLs/0f ug]{, ;/sf/sf] cfo / Joosf] n]vf /fVg]
/ ;f]sf] s]Gb|Lo jflif{s ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ ;Gbe{df ljlgof]hg, /fh:j, w/f}6L tyf cGo ljljw sf/f]af/sf] nflu
lhNnfl:yt ;/sf/L sf/f]jf/ ug]{ a}Ídf ;DalGwt sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{nosf] gfddf /x]sf vftfdfkm{t
Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . Psn sf]if vftf k|0ffnL && lhNnfsf sf]if tyf n]vf
lgoGqs sfof{nox? / sf7df8f}Fsf yk $ e'QmfgL s]Gb|;d]t *! sfof{nodf sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf] 5 . of]
k|0ffnLn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ljQLo Pj+ vr{ Joj:yfkg / gub Joj:yfkgsf] sfo{ ;/n, ldtJooL, k|efjsf/L /
kf/bzL{ agfpg], ;l~rt sf]ifsf] ;~rfng Jojl:yt / j}1flgs tl/sfaf6 ug]{, ;Dk"0f{ lhNnfaf6 ljlgof]hg,
w/f}6L, /fh:j / v–^ ;d"xsf ljljw vftfx?sf] sf/f]af/ ;~rfng, sf]ifsf] cj:yf cflb ljifo ;d]6]sf] 5 .
Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL -6L=P;=P=_ ;~rfngsf] k"jf{wf/ Joj:yf, lgoGq0f jftfj/0f tyf k|0ffnL ;~rfng
;DaGwdf ul/Psf] ;"rgf k|ljlw n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf k|d'v Aoxf]/fx? lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
136. of]hgf tyf gLlt – ;"rgf k|ljlw ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf ;d:of tyf r'gf}tL pk/ lg0f{o lngsf] nflu
sfof{nodf ;"rgf k|ljlw lgb]{zs ;ldlt u7g u/] tfklg ;ldltn] xfn;Dd s'g} sfd u/]sf] 5}g .
sfof{non] ;"rgf k|ljlwsf ;DaGwdf /0fg}lts of]hgf tyf jflif{s of]hgf tof/ u/]sf] b]lvPg . ;'/Iff
gLlt, k|sf]k k'g:yf{kgf, t];|f] kIf pkof]u, xf8{j]o/, ;ˆ6j]o/, tYofÍsf] ljZj;gLotf, Jofs ck,
Joj;fo lg/Gt/tf of]hgfnufotsf gLltx? tof/ u/]sf] 5}g . ;ˆ6j]o/ ;~rfngsf] bL3{sfnLg gLlt
th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
137. k|0ffnL ;'wf/ – sfof{non] k|of]u u/]sf] Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnLsf] Ps ;+o'Qm pkqmddfkm{t ;"rgf
k|ljlw k|0ffnLsf] cfZj:ttf k/LIf0f u/fO{ ;'emfp;lxt k|ltj]bg lbPsf]df cfsl:ds Joj:yfkg,
kl/jt{g Joj:yfkg ljlw, pkof]ustf{ ;'/Iff Joj:yfkg h:tf ljleGg #) ;'emfpsf] sfof{Gjog ePsf]
b]lvPg . ;ˆ6j]o/ ;~rfngsf] k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg lgoldt ?kdf k|0ffnL k/LIf0f u/fO{ ;'wf/ tyf
;'emfp sfof{Gjog Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
138. hgzlQm Joj:yfkg – ;ˆ6j]o/ ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ;"rgf k|ljlw zfvfdf Ps lgb]{zs
/ @ sDKo'6/ O{lGhlgo/ tyf k|0ffnL ljsf; tyf ;dGjodf sDKo'6/ OlGhlgo/;d]t % b/aGbL
/x]sf]df sDKo'6/ OlGhlgo/x?sf] kbk"lt{ ePsf] 5}g . sfof{non] ;ˆ6j]o/nfO{ lg/Gt/ ;~rfng ug{sf]
nflu cfjZos OG6/g]6 ;]jf k|bfos, k|0ffnL ;~rfng, 8]6fj]z ;~rfng tyf g]6js{ ;~rfng h:tf
d'Vo sfdx?nufot ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x? afXo ;|f]tsf] Ps sDkgLdfkm{t u/fPsf]n] afXo ;|f]t k|lt sfof{no
lge{/ /xg] tyf uf]Ko ;"rgfx? ;'/lIft /fVg sl7g x'g] b]lvG5 . cfjZos hgzlQmsf] Joj:yfkg u/L
;'/lIft / ljZj;gLo ?kdf k|0ffnL ;~rfng ug'{kb{5 .
139. lgoldttf k/LIf0f – sfof{non] k|of]u ul/Psf] ;"rgf k|ljlw k|0ffnL l;:6d OlGhlgo/af6 k/LIf0f,
;ˆ6j]o/ Kofs]haf6 k/LIf0f, k]g]6]«;g k/LIf0f, ;'/Iff tyf ;~rfng lgoldttfsf] k/LIf0f ug]{ u/]sf]
5}g . pkof]ustf{x?nfO{ ;"rgf k|ljlw jftfj/0fdf k/]sf ;d:ofx? tTsfn ;'Nemfpg k|0ffnLdf
x]Nk8]:s ;]jfsf] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5}g . ctM ;ˆ6j]o/sf] lgoldt k/LIf0f ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{
b]lvG5 .
140. k|0ffnL ;'/Iff – Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnLsf] ;~rfng o'h/ Dofg'cncg';f/ ;~rfng eP gePsf] /
;+j]bgzLn tYofÍ tyf ;"rgfx?sf] nlhsn P;]; ;]So'l/6L, uf]Kotf / lgi7fsf] v'nf;f x'g] ;DaGwdf
k'g/fjnf]sg tyf d"NofÍg ug]{ u/]sf] 5}g . k|0ffnL ;~rfns, pkof]ustf{ tyf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;'/lIft
k|of]ustf{ kl/ro (User ID) tyf lglZrt ;dokl5 kf;j8{nfO{ clgjfo{ ?kdf kf;j8{ kl/jt{g
ug'{kg]{ gLlt th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ / k|0ffnL ;~rfngsf nflu k|of]ustf{ tyf k|of]ustf{x?sf]
sfdsf] sfo{ clen]v (Log) b]lvg] u/L k|0ffnL ;'/Iff cjnDag ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
141. k|0ffnL lgoGq0f – k|0ffnLdf ;Dkflbt sfdx?sf] lgoldt cg'udg / cglws[t lqmofsnfk lgoGq0f
tyf ;'/Iffsf] nflu cl86 nusf] Joj:yf u/] tfklg cl86 nusf] cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg u/]sf] 5}g .
cy{ dGqfno
k|0ffnL ;~rfnssf] o'h/ ns ˆNofu, ;|f]t ˆNofu, PlGkmlg6L PS;]; ˆNofu cflb ;'k/ o'h/ /fO6x?
cfGtl/s ;|f]tsf sd{rf/Lx?af6 gu/fO{ afXo ;|f]tsf k/fdz{bftfdfkm{t u/]sf] tYof+Í ;'/Iffdf hf]lvd
/x]sf] 5 . 8f6f Aofs ck k|0ffnL / k|sf]k k'gM :yfkgf gLlt gePsf]n] d'Vo lqmofsnfkdf ;+j]bgzLn
tYofÍ tyf ;"rgfx? rf]l/g], x/fpg] hf]lvd /x]sf] 5 . k|0ffnL ;~rfngdf aflx/af6 cfpg] kx'FrnfO{
:jLsf/ ug]{ jf gug]{ hfFr u/L z+sf:kb ultljlw cfPdf ;"lrt u/L efO/;af6 cfa4 ;xof]uL tyf
cGo g]6js{ ;'/lIft, Jojl:yt tyf lgolGqt ug]{ kmfo/jfn gLlt;lxt k|0ffnL lgoGq0f ug'k{ g]{ b]lvG5 .
142. :jrflnt lx;fa ldnfg – Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL ;~rfng lgb]{lzssf] a'Fbf $ cg';f/ sfof{non]
u/]sf] sf/f]af/cg';f/sf] k|flKt tyf e'QmfgLsf] ;dfof]hgsf nflu g]kfn /fi6« a}ÍnfO{ x/]s lbg
;dfof]hg cfb]z k7fpg'kg]{ / sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{nox?n] ;/sf/L sf/f]af/ ug]{ a}Í;Fu
b}lgs ?kdf lx;fjldnfg u/] tfklg Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnLdf :jrflnt Pj+ lgoldt ?kdf lx;fa
ldnfg x'g] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5}g . ctM dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{no, g]kfn /fi6« a}Í / sf]if tyf n]vf
lgoGqs sfof{noaLr lx;fa ;dfof]hg x'g] Joj:yf ldnfOg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
143. k|0ffnL ;~rfng – Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL ;~rfng lgb]{lzsfsf] a'Fbf !)=!=!( cg';f/ vr{ ug]{
sfof{non] cfˆgf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ e'QmfgL ul/g] tna eQf /sd ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] a}Í vftfdf
l;w} hDdf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf /x]sf]df sfof{Gjog gePsf] / a'Fbf !)=!=!* cg';f/ sf]if tyf n]vf
lgoGqs sfof{nonaf6 hf/L x'g] r]s /]vflÍt x'g'kg]{ eP tfklg ;–;fgf e'QmfgLsf] sf/0f b]vfP/
afxs r]s;d]t hf/L ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvof] . o;}u/L a'Fbf !)=!=@! cg';f/ k|To]s dlxgfsf] % ut]leq
;/sf/L sf/f]jf/ ug]{ a}Í;Fu lx;fa ldnfg u/L clen]v cBfjlws u/L k|dfl0ft ug]]{ gu/]sf] / a'Fbf
!)=!=@# cg';f/ sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] g]kfn /fi6« a}ÍnfO{ /sd hDdf ug{ lbPsf]
cfb]zsf] Psk|lt b}lgs ?kdf dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{no sf]if k|zf;g zfvfdf k7fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf eP
tfklg sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{nox?n] dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{Nfodf k7fpg] u/]sf 5}gg\ . ctM
lgb]{lzsfsf] Joj:yf sfof{Gjog x'g] u/L ;ˆ6j]o/df Joj:yf ldnfpg' kb{5 .
144. s]Gb|Lo lx;fa – ;+3Lotf sfof{Gjog kZrft k|b]z tx / :yfgLo txn] Psn vftfsf]if k|0ffnL
(Treasury Single Account – TSA) sfof{Gjog gu/]sf]n] tLg} txsf] ;/sf/sf] ljQLo ;"rgf PsLs[t
u/L s]Gb|Lo lx;fa tof/ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;+3Lotf sfof{Gjog ;+u} tLg} txsf] ;/sf/sf] ljQLo ;"rgf
PsLs[t u/L s]Gb|Lo lx;fa agfpg Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnLnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg]tkm{ Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
145. clen]v÷k|ltj]bg – Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL sfof{Gjog kZrft k|0ffnLaf6 g} n]vf clen]v /fVg] tyf
k|ltj]bg tof/ x'g'kg]{df ;DalGwt dGqfno, ljefu tyf sfof{nox?n] n]vf clen]v /fVg / k|ltj]bg
tof/Ldf k|0ffnL k|of]u u/]sf] b]lvPg . ctM ;DalGwt dGqfno, ljefu / sfof{nox?nfO{ lhDd]jf/
agfpg] u/L sf]if ;"rgf k|0ffnL ljsl;t ul/g' kb{5 .
:jrflnt eG;f/ hfFrkf; k|0ffnL -cfl;s'8f_
eG;f/ ljefu / cGt{utsf eG;f/ sfof{nox?df k|of]u ePsf] :jrflnt eG;f/ hfFrkf; k|0ffnLnfO{
;"rgf k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t agfpg] p2]Zon] ;g\ !((^ b]lv cfl;s'8f k|0ffnL k|of]udf /x]sf] 5 . eG;f/ hfFrkf;
k|0ffnL k"0f{?kdf ;~rfngdf cfpg g;s]sf]n] ;g\ @)!^ b]lv cfl;s'8fsf] gofF e;{g cfl;s'8f jN8{
sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] 5 . of] k|0ffnLn] eG;f/ hfFrkf;nfO{ ;/n, ;xh / cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] agfpg eG;f/
kl/;/df dfnafxs ;jf/Lsf] k|j]z, btf{, d"NofÍg, s/ tyf dx;'n e'QmfgL / clen]v nufotsf sfo{x?
;d]6]sf] 5 . k|0ffnL ;~rfngsf] k"jf{wf/ Joj:yf, ;'/Iff k|0ffnL / ;~rfng k|lqmof ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] ;"rgf
k|ljlw n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf k|d'v Aoxf]/fx? lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
146. gLlt tyf of]hgf – eG;f/ ljefun] ;"rgf k|ljlw;DaGwL gjLg cjwf/0ff tyf cfGtl/s ?kdf
b]lvPsf ;d:of tyf r'gf}tL pk/ lg0f{o lngsf] nflu ;"rgf k|ljlw lgb]{zs ;ldlt @)&!.&.@* df
u7g u/] tfklg xfn;Dd s'g} klg a}7s ga;]sfn] jflif{s tyf /0fg}lts of]hgf tof/ ePsf] 5}g .
ljefudf k|of]u ePsf] ;ˆ6j]o/ ;'/Iff tyf cfZj:ttfsf ;DaGwdf ;"rgf k|ljlw, ;'/Iff, Joj;fo
lg/Gt/tf, l8hf:6/ l/sf]e/L (Disaster Recovery), xf8{j]o/, ;ˆ6j]o/, tYofÍx?sf] uf]kgLotf,
cy{ dGqfno
Jofsck, Remote Access, kl/jt{g Joj:yfkg, ;"rgf k|ljlw tflnd Joj:yfkg, t];|f] kIf pkof]u
(Third Party Usage) nufotsf gLltx? tof/ u/]sf] 5}g . ctM k|0ffnL ;~rfng;DaGwL cfjZos
gLlt th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
147. k|0ffnL k/LIf0f – sfof{nodf k|of]u ePsf] ;ˆ6j]o/ ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ;"rgf k|ljlw
zfvfdf !# sd{rf/Lx?sf] b/aGbL /x]sf]df & sd{rf/Lsf] kbk"lt{ ePsf] 5}g . ;"rgf k|ljlw ;ˆ6j]o/sf]
;~rfngdf k|of]ustf{x?nfO{ s'g} ;d:of k/]df ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;~rfng ug]{ s]Gb|nfO{ ;ˆ6j]o/ dfkm{t
k7fpg] u/]sf] 5}g . ctM sfof{nodf k|of]u ul/Psf] ;"rgf k|ljlw k|0ffnLsf] ;'/Iff tyf k|efjsf/L
pkof]usf nflu ;'/Iff dfkb08 tyf xf8{j]o/ / ;ˆ6j]o/ pko'Qm 9Ëjf6 sfof{Gjog ePsf] ;'lgZrt
ug{sf nflu ck/]l6ª k|0ffnLx?, cg'ejL l;:6d OlGhlgo/, pko'Qm ;ˆ6j]o/ Kofs]haf6 k/LIf0f,
k]g]6«];g 6]i6 (Vulnerablity Assement Penetration Test - VAPT), ;'/Iff dfkb08 / ;~rfng
dfkb08 tof/ u/L lgoldttfsf] hfFr ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
148. k|0ffnL ;'/Iff – ;ˆ6j]o/ k|of]ustf{ kf;j8{ cIf/, gDa/ / ;+s]tsf] Go"gtd / clwstd ;+Vofsf]
Joj:yf tyf kf;j8{ btf{, kl/jt{g tyf ;'/Iff ;DaGwL kf;j8{ gLlt agfPsf] 5}g . ;ˆ6j]o/ ;'/Iffsf]
nflu k|0ffnLdf cl86 nusf] Joj:yf tyf To;sf] plrt cg'udg ug'{kg]{df cl86 nusf] cg'udg
u/]sf] 5}g . ctM ;ˆ6j]o/ ;~rfngdf ;ˆ6j]o/sf] lgoGq0fsf] nflu l;:6d Dofk tof/ ug'kg]{,
cfl;s'8f ;ˆ6j]o/ k|0ffnLdf cknf]8 x'g] clen]v tyf kmfO{nx? clgjfo{?kdf :jtM :Sofg x'g]
PlG6efO/; ;ˆ6j]o/ h8fg ug'{kg]{, cfl;s'8f k|0ffnLdf /x]sf tYofÍx?sf] ;'/Iffsf] lglDt 8f6fj]zsf]
;'/Iff Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
149. xf8{j]o/ tyf ;ˆ6j]o/ ;'/Iff – sfof{non] k|of]u u/]sf ;ˆ6j]o/, xf8{j]o/sf] lgoldt dd{t tyf
;Def/sf nflu cfGtl/s sd{rf/Lx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf; ug{ cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 . ;km\6j]o/sf]
;'/Iffsf] lglDt ;]So'l/6L nU;sf] ;'[kl/j]If0f ug{] gul/Psf], ;"rgf k|ljlw;Fu ;DalGwt xf8{j]o/ tyf
;ˆ6j]o/x?sf] juL{s/0f tyf] 6«ØflsË clen]v tof/ u/]sf] 5}g . cfl;s'8f k|0ffnLdf tYofÍ w'Nofpg]
Joj:yf gul/Psf]n] / xfn;Dd k|0ffnLaf6 s'g} tYofÍ w'NofPsf] 5}g . ctM xf8{j]o/ tyf ;ˆ6j]o/
;'/Iff gLlt th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
150. k|0ffnL ;'wf/ – g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;"rgf k|ljlw k|0ffnL -Joj:yfkg tyf ;~rfng_ lgb]{lzsf, @)&!
cg';f/ eG;f/ ljefuaf6 pkof]udf NofOPsf] cfl;s'8f ;d]tsf ;ˆ6j]o/x? ;"rgf k|ljlw ljefudf
clen]vLs/0f u/fPsf] 5}g . ljefun] ljsf; tyf kl/dfh{g u/]sf] ;ˆ6j]o/ k|0ffnL k|of]udf Nofpg'
cl3 nfeu|fxL pkof]udf ;xh x'g] jf ;d:of gcfpg] ;DaGwdf o'h/ P;]K6]G; 6]i6 (User
Acceptance Test - UAT) u/fPsf] 5}g . Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}Ín] lbPsf] cfl;s'8fsf] sfof{Gjog
kZrftsf] k'g/fjnf]sg k|ltj]bgdf plNnlvt sfo{ut / k|fljlws sfof{Gjog ;DaGwdf ;do
;Ldf;lxt lbPsf] ;'emfjx?sf] sfof{Gjog u/]sf] 5}g . ctM ;ˆ6j]o/ ;'wf/ ;DaGwdf lgoldt
k'g/fjnf]sg ug'kb{5 .
151. k|0ffnL ;~rfng – jL/uGhl:yt ;'Vvf aGb/ufx eG;f/sf Ps Ph]G6n] ;x'lnot k|fKt ug]{ p2]Zon]
sdl;{on OGEjfO{;nfO{ g} ;x'lnot k|df0fsf] ?kdf cknf]8 u/L eG;f/ dx;'n tyf d"No clej[l4 s/
5'6 lbPsf] b]lvof] . s]xL gd'gfsf] k/LIf0f ubf{ pQm eG;f/sf Ps Ph]G6n] sfuhft k|ljli6 ubf{ unt
k|df0f cknf]8 u/]sf] / ;f]xL sfuhft eG;f/ clws[tn] :jLs[t u/L eG;f/ hfFrkf; u/]sf]] b]lvof] .
To:tf] uNtL / hfn;fhLk"0f{ ;"rgf k|ljli6 u/]sf] v08df ;f]sf] r]shfFr / lgoGq0f ug]{ Joj:yf
k|0ffnL]]df /x]sf] 5}g . ;ˆ6j]o/n] ;"rgf k|ljlw k|0ffnLdf cknf]8 u/]sf] a}Í hdfgtnfO{ k|dfl0ft tyf
cg'udg ug]{ s'g} Joj:yf /x]sf] 5}g . ctM k|rlnt sfg'g / k|lqmofadf]lhd k|0ffnL ;~rfng x'g] u/L
;ˆ6j]o/df ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
152. ;dGjo – eG;f/n] k|of]u u/]sf] ljB'tLo ;"rgf k|0ffnL j:t' cfoft, lgof{t / eG;f/ /fh:j c;'nL]
l:ylt klxrfg ug]{ k|f/lDes dfWod xf] . o; k|0ffnLaf6 k|fKt tYofÍsf] cfwf/df Joj;foLx?sf]
cfoft lgof{t sf/f]af/ nufot cGo / ljleGg /fli6«o tYofÍx? ljZn]if0f ul/G5 . o; k|0ffnLnfO{

cy{ dGqfno
cfGtl/s /fh:j, Joj;fo btf{nufotsf k|0ffnL;+u cfj4 u/L, ;"rgf cfbfg k|bfgdf ljleGg
lgsfoaLr ;dGjo :yflkt u/L clwstd pkof]u ug{' kb{5 .
;+ul7t ;+:yf / ;ldlt
g]kfn /fi6« a}Í, @)&$.&%
g]kfnsf] s]Gb|Lo a}Ísf] ?kdf g]kfn /fi6« a}Í P]g, @)!@ cGtu{t ljqmd ;+Djt @)!# ;fndf o;
a}Ísf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . xfn g]kfn /fi6« a}Í P]g, @)%* cGtu{t ;~rflnt o; a}Ísf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no
sf7df8f}Fdf /x]sf] 5 . pkTosf aflx/ lj/f6gu/, hgsk'/, jL/u~h, kf]v/f, l;4fy{gu/, g]kfnu~h /
wgu9Ldf ;ft zfvf sfof{nox? ;~rfngdf 5g\ .
a}Ín] gf]6 tyf l;Ssf lgisfzg, df}lb|s gLltsf] th'[{df / sfof{Gjog, ljb]zL ljlgdo gLlt lgdf{0f /
sfof{Gjog, ljlgdo b/ k4lt lgwf{/0f, ljb]zL ljlgdo Joj:yfkg / ;~rfng, afl0fHo a}Í tyf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] cfjZos lgodg, lg/LIf0f, ;'k/Lj]If0f tyf cg'udg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;fy} g]kfn ;/sf/sf] a}+lsª
;Nnfxsf/ tyf ljQLo Ph]G6sf] ?kdf ;d]t j}+sn] sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
153. ljQLo l:ylt / ;~rfng glthf – s]Gb|Lo a}Ísf] k'FhL tyf bfloTj ? % cj{, hu]8f tyf ;+lrt
d'gfkmf ?= ! vj{ (( cj{ @( s/f]8 (@ nfv e} OSjL6L ? @ vj{ $ cj{ @( s/f]8 (@ nfv tyf
bfloTj ? ( vj{ %) cj{ &( s/f]8 ^$ nfv ;d]t ? !! vj{ %% cj{ ( s/f]8 %^ nfv /x]sf] 5 .
ljleGg lsl;dsf] ;DklQ ? !! vj{ %% cj{ ( s/f]8 %^ nfv /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ljt/0fof]Uo cfDbfgL
ut jif{ ? !( cj{ ^* s/f]8 *% nfv /x]sf]df of] jif{ ?= @& cj{ *( s/f]8 @ nfv /x]sf] 5 .
154. ljQLo k|ltj]bgdfg – sDkgL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf !)*-@_ df sDkgLx?n] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
clwsf/k|fKt lgsfon] nfu" u/]sf] n]vfdfg kfngf ug'{ kg]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . jfl0fHo a}Íx?df
ljutdf k|of]u e}/x]sf] g]kfn n]vfdfgsf] ;§f xfn g]kfn ljQLo k|ltj]bgdfg nfu" ePsf] 5 .
;~rfngdf /x]sf @* jfl0fHo a}Í dWo] @$ n] ;f] cg';f/ ljQLo ljj/0f tof/ gu/]sf] sf/0f
n]vfk/LIfsn] kl/dflh{t /fo lbPsf] kfOof] . pk/f]Qm l:yltdf ;d]t g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín] jfl0fHo
a}Íx?nfO{ nfef+z k|bfg ug{ cg'dlt k|bfg u/]sf] plrt b]lvPg . k|rlnt sfg"gsf] kfngf u/L nfefFz
k|bfg u/] gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf a}Íaf6 hfFr tyf k/LIf0f ePsf] kfOPg . sfg"gsf] kfngf u/fpg
cg'udg k|efjsf/L u/fpg' kb{5 .
155. ;'kl/j]If0f / lgodg – n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf cf}NofPsf Joxf]/fx? ;'wf/ u/L a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
jflif{s ljQLo ljj/0f ;'wf/ tyf k|sfzg ug'{kg]{df ;f] cg';f/ gePsf], j}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL
P]g afx]s cGo k|rlnt sfg"g ;d]t kfngf u/]/ dfq nfef+; ljt/0f ug'{ kg]{, sDkgL P]g, @)^# sf]
bkmf !)* df cflwsfl/s n]vfdfg cg';f/ n]vf /fVg'kg]{ / bkmf !^) df clen]v, lx;fj lstfj
nufotsf ljifo kfngf gu/]df hl/jfgf tyf s}b ul/g] k|fjwfg /x]sf]df ;f] sf] kfngf gu/]sf] h:tf
Joxf]/fx? ;'k/Lj]If0f k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v u/]sf] b]lvFb}g . lg/LIf0f tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f lgodfjnL, @)&)
cg';f/ tYofFs hfFr tyf k|df0fLs/0fsf] nflu ;'k/Lj]If0f Pj+ lg/LIf0f ubf{ ckgfPsf] k|s[ofsf]
clen]v Jojl:yt x'g'kg]{ nufotsf k|fjwfgsf] kfngf u/]sf] b]lvPg . ;'k/Lj]If0f tyf lg/LIf0fsf]
nflu OdfGbfl/tf, nugzLntf, :jtGqtf h:tf dfkb08 tof/ u/L lgodg Joj:yf k|efjsf/L agfpg'
kb{5 .
156. cgf}krfl/s If]q – g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín] cf}krfl/s If]q cGtu{t a}Í, ljQLo Pj+ cGo ;+:yfx?af6
cy{tGq;+u ;DalGwt ljleGg ljQLo tYof+sx? ;Íng u/L ljQLo ;"rsf+sx? d"Nof+sg ljZn]if0f u/]tf
klg ljQLo ahf/df cgf}krfl/s If]qsf] cj:yf / e"ldsf ;DaGwdf cWoog, cg';Gwfg u/]sf] b]lvPg .
/fi6«sf] ;dli6ut ljQLo ahf/sf] cj:yf olsg ug{ cgf}krfl/s If]q ;d]tsf] cWoog ug]{ u/fpg] /
;f] tYof+snfO{ ;d]t cfwf/ dfgL /fli6«o cy{tGqsf] jf:tljs cj:yf lrq0f x'g] ;"rsf+sx? cBfjlws
ug{ cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 .

cy{ dGqfno
157. ;6xL b/ kl/jt{g – g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf] ;DklQsf] ?kdf /x]sf] j}b]lzs d'b|fsf] ;6xL b/df x'g] ;fdfGo
36a9n] ;d]t a}Ísf] ljQLo l:yltdf 7"nf] c;/ kg]{ b]lvG5 . @)&#.&$ df cd]l/sL 8n/df #=^#
k|ltzt lu/fj6 cfpFbf ?= @# ca{ &% s/f]8 3f6f / @)&$.&% df cd]l/sL 8n/df ^=$* k|ltzt
Jf[l¢ x'Fbf ?= #* ca{ @& s/f]8 gfkmf ePsf] b]lvG5 . ljlgdo b/ kl/jt{gaf6 x'g] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f
ug{ x]lhª nufotsf pko'Qm pks/0fsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
158. ;'g rfFbLsf] u'0f:t/ – ef}lts k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg cg';f/ @)&@.&# df @ xhf/ ^!% lsnf]u|fd ;'g / !
nfv @^ xhf/ !() lsnf] u|fd rf+bL df}Hbft /x]sf] lyof] . z'4tfsf] dfqf cg';f/ 6r gDa/;lxt
clen]v /fVg'kg]{df df}Hbftsf] tf}n / /sdsf] ljj/0fdfq /fv]sf] 5 . ;'g / rfFbLsf] kl/df0f / u'0f:t/
olsg gu/]sf] x'Fbf olsg ug'{kg]{ Joxf]/f utjif{sf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v u/]sf]df l:ylt oyfjt 5 .
159. sd{rf/L ;'ljwf – g]kfn ;/sf/n] o; jif{ ;/sf/L vr{df ldtJolotf ;DjGwL lgb]{lzsf hf/L u/L ;a}
;/sf/L lgsfodf ljutdf k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] :yfgLo eQf, n'uf eQf / dx+uL eQf afx]s cGo ;a}
k|sf/sf eQfx? vf/]h u/]sf] 5 . lgb]{lzsfsf] pQm k|fawfg ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgdf ;d]t nfu' x'g]
pNn]v 5 . g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf sd{rf/LnfO{ sd{rf/L ;~rosf]if, cf}iflw pkrf/ sf]if, pkbfg sf]if /
sd{rf/L ;'/Iff sf]ifsf cnfjf ;a} sd{rf/LnfO{ * lsl;dsf / ljz]if ;d"xsf sd{rf/LnfO{ !(
lsl;dsf eQf pknAw u/fPsf] b]lvof] . of] jif{ tna afx]s ?=! ca{ #@ s/f]8 cGo eQfx?df vr{
n]v]sf] 5 . pQm vr{ tna vr{sf] t'ngfdf @@) k|ltzt a9L x'g] b]lvG5 . lgb]{lzsfsf] pQm k|fjwfg
kfngf ug]{tkm{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
160. cfos/ – g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín] sd{rf/LnfO{ ljleGg k|sf/sf ;x'lnot C0f k|bfg u/]sf]df cfos/ P]g,
@)%* adf]lhd k|rlnt Jofhb/ eGbf ;x'lnot Jofhb/ sd ePdf sd eP hltsf] b/n] x'g cfpg]
/sdnfO{ sd{rf/Lsf] cfodf ;dfj]z u/L /f]huf/Lsf] cfo u0fgf ug'{kg]{df ;f] cg';f/ u0fgf u/L
cfodf ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5}g . o;af6 z'Ns / Jofh afx]s ?= % s/f]8 (* nfv kfl/>ldsdf s/
c;'n ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . utjif{ o:tf] /sd ?=% s/f]8 %) nfv c;"n ug'{kg]{ elg k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v
u/]sf] ePtfklg l:ylt oyfjt 5 .
sd{rf/L ;~ro sf]if, @)&$.&%
;]jf lgj[Q ;]gfsf] ;~rosf]if /sd Joj:yfkg ug]{ k|d'v p2]Zon] ljqmd ;Djt\ !((! df ;}lgs
b|Josf]if :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] . xfn lghfdtL, g]kfnL ;]gf / g]kfn k|x/Lnufotsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;~ro sf]if
/sd k|efjsf/L 9Ën] Joj:yfkg ug]{ k|d'v p2]Zon] sd{rf/L ;~ro sf]if P]g, @)!( cg';f/ sf]ifsf] :yfkgf
ePsf] 5 . sf]ifn] xfn ;fj{hlgs / lghL If]qsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ klg cfkm\gf] bfo/fdf ;d]6]sf] / @)&% cfiff9
d;fGt;Dd sl/a ^ nfv ;~rostf{sf] ;+lrt sf]if /sd Joj:yfkg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
161. ljQLo l:ylt tyf ;~rfng glthf – sf]ifsf] @)&% cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd sd{rf/L ;'ljwfnufot hDdf
bfloTj ?=# ca{ $$ s/f]8 &^ nfv /x]sf] 5 . ;~rosf]if ?=@ va{ &* ca{ &% s/f]8 #) nfv /
hu]8f tyf art ?=@( ca{ *) s/f]8 $( nfv;d]t sf]if tyf hu]8f ?=# va{ * ca{ %% s/f]8 &(
nfv /x]sf] b]lvG5 . a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf df}Hbft ?=%$ ca{ (& s/f]8 &@ nfv, ;~rostf{nfO{
shf{ tyf ;fk6L ?=! va{ ^* ca{ @# s/f]8 !$ nfv, kl/of]hgf tyf ;+ul7t ;+:yfnfO{ shf{ ?=$%
ca{ *( s/f]8 ^) nfv, lwtf]kqx?df nufgL ?=#* ca{ (@ s/f]8 ^% nfv / cGo ;DklQ ?=# ca{
(& s/f]8 $$ nfv ;d]t hDdf ;DklQ ?=# va{ !@ ca{ %% nfv /x]sf] b]lvG5 . v'b d'gfkmf ut
jif{ ?=! ca{ (# s/f]8 () nfv /x]sf]df o; jif{ ?=# ca{ ($ s/f]8 & nfv /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
162. sfo{;Dkfbg l:ylt – ;~rostf{nfO{ ut ljut jif{df ;~rfns ;ldltsf] lg0f{ojf6 #=% b]lv !!
k|ltzt;Dd Aofh k|bfg u/]sf]df @)&%.$.! b]lv of] b/ *=@% k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ePsf] 5 . sf]ifn]
ljleGg jfl0fHo a}Í;Fusf] ;xsfo{df sG;f]l6{od C0f, g]kfn ;/sf/sf] hdfgtdf ljleGg ;+ul7t
;+:yfnfO{ kl/of]hgf C0f, ;~rostf{x?sf] nflu ljz]if C0f, 3/ lgdf{0f tyf dd{t C0f, z}lIfs C0f
cflb C0fx? k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;~rostf{sf] nflu b'3{6gf aLdf, cf}iflw pkrf/ vr{ / lqmof
vr{sf] ;'ljwf klg lbPsf] 5 .
cy{ dGqfno
163. sd{rf/L lxt tyf ;'/Iff – sd{rf/L ;+ro sf]if P]g, @)!( sf] bkmf !( df cfjf; kl/of]hgf cGtu{t
3/ 38]/L laqmL / sd{rf/L lxtsf] sfd;d]t o; sf]ifsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ b]lvG5 . o;y{ sd{rf/L
lxt tyf ;'/Iff / ;'ljwfsf] nflu ljleGg lsl;dsf cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts / ;fdflhsnufot ;~rostf{sf]
lxt;DaGwL sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug'{kb{5 .
164. ljdfg vl/b shf{ – g]kfn jfo';]jf lgud;+u @)&$.@.@* df u/]sf] C0f ;Demf}tf cg';f/ jfO8a8L
ljdfg vl/b ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] hdfgLdf sf]ifn] ?=!@ ca{ C0f k|jfx u/]sf] 5 . lgudn] @)&% sf]
kf}if d;fGt;Dd ls:tf /sd r'Qmf u/]sf] b]lvPg . 7"nf / bL3{sflng kl/of]hgfx?df nufgL ubf{
lj:t[t cWoog, hf]lvd ljZn]if0f, kl/of]hgfsf] ;an tyf b'a{n kIfx? / shf{ lng]sf] Jofj;flos
of]hgf h:tf ljifox?df cWoog, ljZn]if0f / d"NofFsg kZrft dfq shf{ k|jfx ug'{kb{5 .
165. hnljB't If]qsf] shf{ – dflyNnf] tfdfsf]zL xfO8«f]kfj/ sDkgL lnld6]8, dWo ef]6]sf]zL hnljB't
sDkgL lnld6]8 / ;fGh]g hnljB''t sDkgL lnld6]8df sf]ifn] ?=@! ca{ ^# s/f]8 !) nfv shf{
nufgL u/]sf] 5 . tL sDkgL;Fu C0f ;Demf}tf ubf{ cfof]hgf lgdf{0f cjlw shf{sf] klxnf] ls:tf k|jfx
ePsf] ldltn] % jif{sf] x'g], ;f]kl5 C0f e'QmfgL z'? x'g] / csf]{ !) jif{df ;Dk"0f{ C0f e'QmfgL
eO;Sg] pNn]v 5 . tL cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f cjlw a9\g uO{ * jif{ k'Ug] tyf nfut ;d]t a9\g] cj:yf
5 . t/ C0f e'QmfgL tflnsfdf kg]{ k|efj, ;++zf]lwt nfut cg'dfg / ;+zf]lwt nfutn] C0f k"FhL
cg'kftdf kg]{ k|efj af/] cWoog u/]sf] kfOPg .
dWoef]6]sf]zL hnljB't sDkgL lnld6]8df s"n ;+rostf{dWo] cGo sfof{nosf sd{rf/LnfO{
eGbf sf]ifsf sd{rf/LnfO{ a9L ;]o/ nufgL ug{ ;Sg] u/L cu|flwsf/ ;'lglZrt u/]sf] 5 . sd{rf/L
;~ro sf]ifsf sd{rf/L / cGo ;~rostf{aLr lje]b ug'{ plrt b]lvPg .
166. d'2tL lgIf]k – sf]ifsf] s'n shf{ tyf nufgL ?=@ va{ %$ ca{ *% s/f]8dWo] ?=%$ ca{ ^( s/f]8 -
@! k|ltzt_ ljleGg a}Ísf] d'2tL lgIf]kdf nufgL u/]sf] 5 . lgIf]kdf nufgL ubf{ k|lt:kwf{Tds
Aofhb/ / nufgLsf ljleGg ;"rsfÍ h:t} v/fa shf{sf] c+z, k'FhL kof{Kttf cg'kft, shf{ Pj+ k'FhL
lgIf]k cg'kft, v'b t/ntf cg'kft cflbsf] ljZn]if0f u/L nufgL ug'{kg]{df s]xL a}Íaf6 dfq k|:tfj
lnO{ nufgL u/]sf] kf/bzL{ b]lvPg . ;fna;fnL ?kdf ;~rostf{nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ /sd 5'6\ofO{ afFsL
/sd k|lt:kwf{Tds ?kdf ;~rostf{sf] lxt tyf ;'/Iff;DaGwL sfo{qmddf nufgL ug'{kb{5 .
167. ef8f c;'nL – sf]ifsf] :jfldTjdf sf7df8f}F, ;'Gwf/fdf /x]sf] 3/ ef8fdf nufpg] ;DaGwL ;Demf}tfdf
ef8fdf lng]n] @)&#.!).^ b]lv k|yd tLg dlxgfsf] clu|d ef8f ?=* s/f]8 !#| nfv / @)&% Ho]i7df
?=@ s/f]8 &! nfv;d]t ?=!) s/f]8 *$ nfv $% xhf/dfq sf]ifnfO{ a'emfPsf] kfOof] . ef8f /sd
lgoldt ?kdf k|fKt gePsf]n] sf]ifn] @)&%.!.% df ?=#@ s/f]8 %# nfvsf] a}Í hdfgt hkmt u/L
aSof}tf /sd r'Qmf ug{ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt u/]sf] 5 . sf]ifn] hdfgt hkmt u/]sf] /sd s6fO{
@)&% cfiff9;Dddf ?=!) s/f]8 %* nfv p7fpg afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]xL ejgsf] csf]{ Ps
ef8fjfnfsf] ;Demf}tf @)&@ cflZjgdf /2 u/]sf]df ?=!) s/f]8 *# nfv ef8f p7fpg afFsL /x]sf] 5 .
lng afFsL ef8f /sdsf] Aofh tyf hl/afgf;d]t c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
168. ;fFjf Aofh c;'nL – sf]ifn] shf{ k|jfx u/]sf] /sddWo] Ps ;'u/ ldn;Fu ;fFjf / Aofh ?=^ s/f]8 ^(
nfv, kf]v/fl:yt Ps sDkgL;Fu ;fFjf / Aofh ?=@^ s/f]8;d]t ?=#@ s/f]8 ^( nfv c;'n ug{ afFsL
5 . To;} u/L Ps lghL sDkgLsf] @)^#.^$ df ;DklQ lnnfd ubf{ ;d]t c;'n gePsf] ;fFjf / Aofh
?=# s/f]8 &$ nfv of] jif{ klg c;'n u/]sf] 5}g . ;DklQ lnnfd u/L lwtf] ;+/If0fdf /x]sf b'O{
JolQmsf] hdfgLpk/ bfaL ug'{kg]{df ;f] ;d]t u/]sf] 5}g . ut jif{sf] k|ltj]bgdf ;f] Joxf]/f cf}FNofP
tfklg l:ylt oyfjt\ 5 . ;fFjf, Aofh tyf hl/jfgf c;'nL gug]{ sfo{ plrt b]lvPg .
169. a}Í lx;fa le8fg – sf]ifsf] ;|]:tfn] b]vfPsf] / a}Ín] b]vfPsf] df}Hbft le8fg ug{ a}Í lx;fa ldnfg
ljj/0f tof/ ug'{kb{5 . a}Í df}Hbft le8fg gePsf] /sd @)&@.&# ;Dd ?=! ca{ %^ s/f]8 ## nfv,
@)&#.&$ ;Dd ?=! ca{ () s/f]8 ** nfv / @)&$.&% ;Dd ?=! ca{ (& s/f]8 !^ nfv k'u]sf] 5 .

cy{ dGqfno
a}Í lx;fa le8fg gx'Fbf /sd lxgfldgf ePdf ;dod} kQf gnfUg] cj:yf /xG5 . a}Í lx;fa le8fg
gePsf] /sd k|To]s jif{ j[l4 ePsf]n] ;DalGwt kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ lx;fa le8fg ug'{kb{5 .
170. hu]8f sf]if – sf]ifsf] ljQLo ljj/0fdf ;fwf/0f hu]8f sf]ifdf @)&% cfiff9 d;fGtdf ?=! ca{ ##
s/f]8 @$ nfv df}Hbft /x]sf] b]lvG5 . hu]8f sf]ifsf] @)^^.^& df /sd ;~rostf{nfO{ ljt/0f u/]sf]
b]lvG5 . xfn 7"nf] /sd hu]8f sf]ifdf /x]sf] / pQm sf]ifdf /sd /fVg'sf] cf}lrTo :ki6 gePsf]n]
;+rostf{nfO{ ljt/0f ug'{kb{5 .
/fli6«o jfl0fHo a}Í lnld6]8, @)&$.&%
;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ a}+lsË ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] p4]Zon] @)@@ ;fndf :yfkgf eO{ jfl0fHo a}Í P]g, @)#!
cg';f/ ;~rfngdf /x]sf]df sDkgL P]g cGtu{t klAns lnld6]8 sDkgLsf] ?kdf @)^# ;fndf k'gM btf{ eO{
…sÚ au{sf] a}Ísf] ?kdf ;~rfng x'+b} cfPsf] 5 . s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] cnfjf a}Ísf] @!& zfvf /x]sf 5g\ . xfn
a}Ídf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ((=(^^ k|ltzt / ;j{;fwf/0fsf] )=)#$ k|ltzt ;]o/ :jfldTj /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
a}Ín] lgIf]k ;Íng, k|tLtkq, a}Í hdfgt, df]jfOn a}FlsË, OG6/g]6 a}+lsË, P6LPd, le;f qm]l86 sf8{,
/sd 6«fG;km/, cf:jf, ;]km l8kf]lh6 eN6, a|fGrn]; a}FlsË / j}b]lzs d'b|f vl/b laqmL cflb sfo{ ;~rfng ub}{
cfPsf] 5 . art lgIf]kdf @=% b]lv $=% k|ltzt tyf d'2ltdf %=% b]lv (=@% k|ltzt;Dd Aofh lbg] u/]sf] /
shf{df *=^) b]lv !@=@& k|ltzt;Dd Aofh lng] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . a}Ídf @)&% cfiff9 ;Dd s'n lgIf]k ?=!
va{ ^$ ca{ @! s/f]8 / s'n shf{ ?=! va{ @! ca{ $^ s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 .
171. ljQLo l:ylt tyf ;~rfng glthf – a}Ísf] @)&% cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd ;]o/ k'FhL ?=( ca{ $& nfv,
hu]8f tyf cGo sf]if ?=!) ca{ @* s/f]8 &) nfv, s'n bfloTj tyf Joj:yf ?=! va{ &* ca{ !)
s/f]8 (^ nfv /x]sf] 5 . s'n ;DklQ ?=! va{ (& ca{ $) s/f]8 !# nfv /x]sf] 5 . ut jif{ ?=#
ca{ $ s/f]8 !# nfv gfkmf ePsf]df o; jif{ gfkmf ?=# ca{ *! s/f]8 &% nfv /x]sf] 5 . a}+Ísf] k|d'v
ljQLo kl/;"rssf] cg'kft b]xfocg';f/ /x]sf] 5M
qmd ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ 2072/73 2073/74 2074/75
1 hDdf cfDbfgLsf] cg'kftdf v'b d'gfkmf k|ltzt 24.60 33.95 25.97
2 k|lt ;]o/ cfDbfgL ?k}of+F 27.42 32.32 30.26
3 lgIf]k / C0f k|fKtLsf] cg'kftdf Jofh vr{ k|ltzt 1.27 1.24 1.76
4 C0f nufgLsf] cg'kftdf k|fKt Jofh k|ltzt 8.32 7.78 9.20
5 ;~rfng vr{sf] cg'kftdf sd{rf/L vr{ k|ltzt 52.88 46.96 41.48
6 s"n ;DklQsf] cg'kftdf v'b d'gfkmf k|ltzt 1.42 1.60 1.42
s'n cfDbfgL / ;DklQsf] cg'kftdf v'b d'gfkmf ut jif{ eGbf 36]sf] 5 . To;} u/L k|lt;]o/
cfDbfgLdf klg lu/fj6 cfPsf] b]lvG5 . C0f nufgLsf] cg'kftdf Jofh cfDbfgL / lgIf]k tyf C0f
k|flKtsf] cg'kftdf Jofh vr{ a9]sf] 5 . s'n ;~rfng vr{ cg'kftdf sd{rf/L vr{ 36]sf] b]lvG5 .
172. zfvf lx;fa ldnfg – cGt/ zfvf lx;fa ldnfg x'g afFsL /sd ut jif{;Dd ?= $ ca{ !^ s/f]8 #&
nfv /x]sf]df of] jif{sf] cGtdf ?= ! ca{ ^* s/f]8 $* nfv b]lvPsf] 5 . jiff}{+ b]lv lx;fa ldnfg
x'g g;sL afFsL /x]sf] /sdsf] cfo'ut ljj/0f tyf rfl/qLs/0f u/]sf] 5}g . t;y{ cGt/ zfvf
lx;fa ldnfgsf] cj:yf sdhf]/ /x]sf] 5 . o;af6 a}Ísf] ;DklQ, bfloTj, cfo tyf Joodf kg{;Sg]
c;/ olsg ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g .
173. Aofh c;'nL – a}Ín] k|bfg u/]sf] C0f c;'nL ubf{ Aofh afFsL x'g] t/ ;fFjf ;a} c;'nL x'g] cj:yf
/xg' x'Fb}g . a}Ísf] ljut jif{b]lv g} s]xL shf{sf] ;fFjf z"Go eO;Sbf klg pQm shf{sf] Aofh ?=! ca{
!# s/f]8 (* nfv c;'n ug{ afFsL b]lvG5 . o;/L Aofh afFsL /fv]/ ;fFjfdfq c;'n u/L a}ÍnfO{ xflg
gf]S;fgL k'¥ofpg] kbflwsf/L nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ pQm /sd c;'n x'g'kb{5 .

cy{ dGqfno
174. jf;nft aflx/sf sf/f]af/ – jf;nft aflx/sf sf/f]af/x?nfO{ sltko zfvfn] ;|]:tfdf / ;ˆ6j]o/df
/fv]tfklg cBfjlws u/L n]vfÍg u/]sf] 5}g . o:tf sf/f]af/sf] n]vfÍg cBfjlws gx'Fbf a}ÍnfO{ pRr
hf]lvd /xg] b]lvG5 . ckl/jTo{ shf{ k|lta4tfsf] cg'dfg ug]{ ;+oGq gePsf] l:yltdf ckl/jTo{ shf{
k|lta4tfcGtu{t ;+Defljt bfloTj b]vfPsf] ?=% ca{ $% s/f]8 %& nfvsf] oyfy{tf olsg ug{
g;lsg] cj:yf 5 . sf/f]jf/;Fu ;DjlGwt clen]v cBfjlws ul/g'kb{5 .
g]kfn cf}Bf]lus ljsf; lgud ljsf; a}Í lnld6]8, @)&$.&%
175. ljQLo l:ylt tyf ;~rfng glthf – a}Ísf] @)&%.!.!* ;Dd k'FhL tyf bfloTj / hDdf ;DklQ ?=$
ca{ ** s/f]8 %* nfv /x]sf] 5 . ut jif{ ?=@) s/f]8 *( nfv gfkmf ePsf]df o; jif{ ?=& s/f]8
!# nfv gf]S;fg ePsf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/, cy{ dGqfno / g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf] :jLs[ltaf6 @)&%.!.!(
b]lv of] a}Í /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}Ídf uflePsf] 5 .
176. g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ltg'{kg]{ Aofh – cGo bfloTj lx;facGt{ut a}Ín] g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ e'QmfgL lbg
afFsL C0fsf] Aofh ?=!% s/f]8 @% nfv #^ xhf/ ljut jif{b]lv lhDd]jf/L ;fb}{ cfPsf] 5 . dxfn]vf
lgoGqs sfof{nosf] @)&%.!.!) sf] kqfg';f/ a}Ín] ?=## s/f]8 $* nfv (^ xhf/ e'QmfgL ug{ afFsL
/x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f] /sd olsg u/L cljnDa e'QmfgL ug'{kb{5 .
177. sd{rf/LnfO{ a9L e'QmfgL – o; +a}Íaf6 :j]lR5s cjsfz of]hgfdf ;xefuL x'g] sd{rf/LnfO{ cy{
dGqfnosf] ;xdtL eGbf ?=() nfv ## xhf/ j9L e'QmfgL u/]sf] b]lvG5 . a9L eQmfgL u/]sf] /sd
;DalGwt kbflwsf/Laf6 ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
178. shf{ ckn]vg – a}Ín] @)&%.!.!* ;Dd ckn]vg u/]sf] shf{ tyf Aofh;d]t ( C0fLaf6 ?=! ca{ *!
s/f]8 !$ nfv c;'n ug{ afF+sL /x]s]f b]lvG5 . ;f] /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
g]kfn a}Í lnld6]8, @)&$.&%
g]kfns} klxnf] a}Ísf] ?kdf ljqmd ;Djt !(($ df g]kfn ;/sf/ / ;j{;fwf/0fsf] ;+o'St nufgLdf
:yfkgf ePsf] o; a}Ísf] !^) zfvf sfof{no /x]sf 5g\ . a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yf P]g, @)&# / sDkgL P]g,
@)^# cGtu{t ;~rflnt o; a}Ídf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] %! / ;j{;fwf/0fsf] $( k|ltzt ;]o/ /x]sf] 5 .
a}Ín] lgIf]k ;Íng, /]ld6]G;, k|tLtkq, a}Í hdfgt, df]afOn a}lsË, OG6/g]6 a}FlsË, P6LPd, le;f
q]ml86 sf8{, /sd 6«fG;km/, cf:jf, P;PdP; a}lsË, ;]km l8kf]lh6 eN6, j}b]lzs d'b|f vl/b laqmL nufotsf
sfo{ ub{} cfPsf] 5 . art lgIf]kdf #=@% b]lv %=@% k|ltzt tyf d'2tLdf & b]lv ( k|ltzt ;Dd Aofh lbg]
/ ;+:yfut shf{df ^=!^ b]lv !$=!$ k|ltzt;Dd Aofh lng] u/]sf] 5 . a}Ísf] @)&% cfiff9;Dd s'n lgI]fk
?=(( ca{ %$ s/f]8 / s'n shf{ ?=(! ca{ &* s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 .
179. ljQLo l:ylt / ;~rfng glthf – a}Ísf] r'Qmf k'FhL ? * ca{ $ s/f]8 @& nfv, ;]o/ lk|ldod,
;l~rt d'gfkmf / l/he{ ?=!$ ca{ (@ s/f]8 (# nfv;d]t OlSj6L xf]N8/ km08 ?=@@ ca{ (& s/f]8
@) nfv /x]sf] 5 . hDdf bfloTj ?=! va{ !) ca{ $( s/f]8 %@ nfv / s'n ;DklQ ?=! va{ ## ca{
$^ s/f]8 &@ nfv b]lvG5 . ut cfly{s jif{ ?=! ca{ &$ s/f]8 &! nfv gfkmf /x]]sf]df of] jif{ ?=#
ca{ @! s/f]8 %^ nfv gfkmf u/]sf] 5 .
qmd ljj/0f ;"rsfÍ 2072/73 2073/74 2074/75
1 hDdf cfDbfgLsf] cg'kftdf v'b d'gfkmf k|ltzt 30.54 30.81 30.32
2 k|lt ;]o/ cfDbfgL ?k}ofF 44.59 38.77 39.98
3 k|lt ;]o/ cf};t ahf/ d"No ?k}ofF 470.00 364.00 281.00
4 d"No cfDbfgL cg'kft k6s 10.54 9.39 7.03
5 C0f nufgLsf] cg'kftdf k|fKt Jofh k|ltzt 9.86 9.73 12.22
6 s'n ;~rfng vr{sf] cg'kftdf sd{rf/L vr{ k|ltzt 49.09 49.77 37.86
7 s'n ;DklQsf] cg'kftdf v'b d'gfkmf k|ltzt 2.79 2.78 2.41
cy{ dGqfno
a}Ín] of] jif{ af]g; ;]o/ / gub nfef+; ljt/0f u/]sf] 5}g . hDdf cfDbfgL / s'n ;DklQsf]
cg'kftdf v'b d'gfkmf utjif{ eGbf 36]sf] 5 . k|lt;]o/ cfDbfgL utjif{ eGbf a9] tfklg ;]o/sf]
ahf/ d"Nodf lu/fj6 cfPsf] b]lvG5 .
180. cGt/ sfof{no lx;fa – a}Ísf] Ps zfvf tyf ljefun] csf]{ zfvf tyf ljefuaf6 zf]wegf{ lng] u/L
e'QmfgL u/]sf]df ;f] sf] ljj/0f ;DalGwt zfvf tyf ljefudf gk7fPsfn] cGt/ sfof{no lx;fadf
7"nf] /sd km/s k/]sf] b]lvG5 . cfly{s jif{ @)^).^! b]lv g} o:tf] lx;fa ldnfg gePsf] cj:yf 5 .
o; jif{sf] cGTo;Dd ?=@ ca{ *$ s/f]8 !) nfv qm]l86 /sd lx;fa le8fg ug{ afFsL b]vfO{ ;Gt'ng
k/LIf0f tof/ u/]sf] 5 . t/ a}Ísf] ljQLo ljj/0fdf o:tf] cGt/ lx;fa le8fg ug{ 8]la6df ?=^#
s/f]8 (! nfv afFsL b]lvPsf] 5 . o;/L zfvfn] tof/ kf/]sf] ljj/0fdf ?=@ ca{ @) s/f]8 !( nfv
km/s k/]sf] ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L lx;fa ldnfg ug'{kb{5 .
181. sfg'gsf] kfngf – a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)&# sf] bkmf !* cg';f/ a}Ísf ;a}
;~rfnsn] s/r'Qmf k|df0fkq lng'kg]{df lnPsf] 5}g . g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf] PsLs[t lgb]{lzsf, @)&$ sf]
a'+bf gDa/ ^ cg';f/ sd{rf/L Pj+ ;~rfnssf] nflu tflnd, ;Lk / lzIff;DaGwL dfu{bz{g tof/ u/L
nfu" ug'{kg]{df u/]sf] b]lvPg . g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf] lgb]{zgcg';f/ gfkmfd"ns ;+:yfsf] art vftf aGb
ug'{kg]{df u/]sf] 5}g . sDkgL P]g, @)^# cg';f/ ljt/0f ug{ g;s]sf] nfef+z nufgLstf{ ;+/If0f
sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{kg]{ / dlxnf nufgLstf{ ePsf] ;+:yfdf Ps dlxnf lgb]{zs x'g'kg]{df ePsf] b]lvPg .
P]g, lgoddf ePsf] Joj:yf sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
182. lwtf] Pj+ df}Hbft Joj:yfkg – lwtf] d"NofÍg;DaGwL lgodfjnLcg';f/ kfFr jif{eGbf k'/fgf lwtf]
;DklQsf] k'gMd"NofÍg ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf /x]sf]df ;f] cg'?k k'gMd"NofÍg u/sf] b]lvPg . o;}u/L PsLs[t
lgb]{lzsf, @)&$ cg';f/ lwtf]df /x]sf] df}Hbftsf] q}dfl;s cg'udg ug'{kg]{df gu/]sf], a}Ín] shf{
k|jfx ug'{ k"j{ hdfgL a:g]sf] g]6 jy{ u0fgf gu/]sf], Aofhsf] Aofh u0fgf ug{ lgif]w u/]sf]df u0fgf
u/]sf], lwtf]df /x]sf] ;DklQsf] k"0f{ ?kn] aLdf gu/]sf] h:tf l:ylt b]lvPsf 5g\ . lwtf] Pj+ df}Hbft
Joj:yfkgdf b]lvPsf sdhf]/Lx? ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
s[lif ljsf; a}Í, @)&$.&%
s[lif pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon] ;+:yfut C0f pknAw u/fpg s[lif ljsf; a}Í P]g,
@)@$ cGtu{t @)@% ;fndf s[lif ljsf; a}Ísf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . P]gdf ePsf] ;+zf]wgcg';f/ @)#)
kZrft\ jfl0fHo a}+lsË;DaGwL ;d]t sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yf P]g, @)&# cGtu{t æsÆ
ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yfsf] pQm a}Ídf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] %! k|ltzt tyf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] $( k|ltzt :jfldTj /x]sf]
5.
a}Ín] s]Gb| / @$% zfvf sfof{no dfkm{t /]ld6]G;, k|lttkq, a}Í hdfgt, df]afOn a}FlsË, OG6/g]6
a}FlsË, P6LPd, le;f q]ml86 sf8{, /sd 6«fG;km/, cf:jf, P;PdP; cn6{ / j}b]lzs d'b|f vl/b laqmL nufotsf
sfo{ ub]{ cfPsf] 5 . art tyf d'2tL lgIf]kdf # b]lv (=% k|ltzt;Dd Aofh lbg] / shf{df !! b]lv !%
k|ltzt;Dd Aofh lng] u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
183. ljQLo l:ylt tyf ;~rfng glthf – a}Ísf] @)&% c;f/ d;fGtdf r'Qmf k'FhL ?=!# ca{ (# s/f]8
&( nfv, ;]o/ lk|ldod ?=@ ca{ %( s/f]8 *^ nfv, ;l~rt d'gfkmf ?=( ca{ (@ s/f]8 !& nfv,
bfloTj ?=! va{ * ca{ (^ s/f]8 !# nfv;d]t k'h F L tyf bfloTj ?=! va{ #% ca{ $! s/f]8 (% nfv
/ ;f]xL /sd a/fa/ ;DklQ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . a}Ísf] s'n lgIf]k tyf nufgL qmdzM ?=! va{ $ ca{ @!
s/f]8 ^$ nfv / ?=! va{ # s/f]8 ! nfv /x]sf] 5 h'g @)&#.&$ sf] t'ngfdf qmdzM & k|ltzt / %
k|ltztn] a9L b]lvG5 . a}Ísf] k|d'v ljQLo cg'kft b]xfoadf]lhd /x]sf] 5M

cy{ dGqfno
qmd cg'kft cfwf/ 2073/74 2074/75
1 v'b gfkmf cg'kft k|ltzt 18.08 22.91
2 k|lt ;]o/ cfDbfgL ?k}ofF 31.59 36.64
3 k|lt ;]o/ cf};t ahf/ d"No ?k}ofF 435.00 314.00
4 d"No cfDbfgL cg'kft cg'kft 13.77 8.57
5 lnlSjl86L cg'kft 31.18 29.15
6 s'n ;~rfng vr{df sd{rf/L vr{ k|ltzt 39.53 28.14
7 hDdf ;DklQdf v''b gfkmf k|ltzt 2.15 2.54
8 lgliqmo C0f k|ltzt 4.60 3.41
9 lgIf]k tyf C0fdf Jofh k|ltzt 4.43 6.63
ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf v'b gfkmf cg'kft, k|lt ;]o/ cDbfgL, lgIf]k tyf C0fdf lbg] Aofh a9]sf]
/ lgliqmo C0f k|ltzt 36]sf] b]lvG5 . ;]o/ ahf/sf] d"No 36]sf sf/0f d"No cfDbfgL cg'kftdf
lu/fj6 cfPsf] 5 .
184. cGt/ zfvf lx;fa – cGt/ zfvf lx;fa ldnfg sfo{ ljut nfdf] cjlwb]lv afFsL /x]sf] 5 . aiff{Gtdf
cGt/ zfvf lx;fa ldnfg ug{ afFsL] ?=@ ca{ #@ s/f]8 &^ nfvsf] /x]sf] 5 . cGt/ zfvf lx;fa
ldnfg sfo{ 6'Ëf] nufpg'kb{5 .
185. af]g; ljt/0f – af]g; lgodfjnL, @)#( sf] lgod ^-#_ df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj ePsf]
k|lti7fgn] af]g; ljt/0f ug'{ cl3 cy{ dGqfnosf] :jLs[lt lng'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . lgod ^-^_ df lgod
ljk/Lt af]g; ljt/0f u/]df af]g; ljt/0f ug{ lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/Laf6 af]g; /sd ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x
c;'n ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . cy{ dGqfnosf] :jLs[lt glnO{ a}Ín] cfly{s jif{ @)^%.^^ / @)^^.^& sf]
af]g; ?=@^ s/f]8 @)^*.^( df sd{rf/LnfO{ k]:sL :j?k ljt/0f u/]sf]df xfn;Dd k]:sL g} /x]sf]n]
lgod ljk/Lt b]lvPsf] pQm /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
gful/s nufgL sf]if, @)&$.&%
;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ artsf] nflu k|f]T;fxg ug{ nufgLsf cj;/x? j[l4 ub}{ k'FhL ahf/sf] ljsf;jf6
b]zsf] cfly{s ljsf;df of]ubfg lbg gful/s nufgL sf]if P]g, @)$& cGtu{t sf]ifsf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] .
sf]ifsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no sf7df8fF} tyf zfvf sfof{nox? kf]v/f / lj/f6gu/df /x]sf 5g\ . sf]ifdf g]kfn
;/sf/sf] !), g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf] !#, g]kfn :6s PS;r]Ghsf] !), /fli6«o aLdf ;+:yfgsf] @&, a}Í tyf ljQLo
;F:yfx?sf] @) / ;j{;fwf/0fsf] @) k|ltzt z]o/ :jfldTj /x]sf] 5 .
lghfdtL sd{rf/L, lzIfs, ;}lgs, k|x/L / cGo ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lsf] nflu lgj[Qe/0f sf]if, pkbfg
sf]if, sd{rf/L jrt j[l4 sf]if, / aLdf sf]ifh:tf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] b]lvG5 . sf]ifn] ;~rfng
u/]sf !! sfo{qmddf $ xhf/ *)) sfof{nosf ^ nfv #@ xhf/ ;]jfu|fxL cfa4 /x]sf] b]lvof] . ;f]sf]
cltl/St sf]ifn] Do'r'cn km08sf] ;d]t Joj:yfkg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
186. ljQLo l:ylt tyf ;~rfng glthf – sf]ifsf] @)&% cfiff9 d;fGtdf z]o/k'FhL ?= () s/f]8 #! nfv,
hu]8f tyf ;l~rlt d'gfkmf ? ** s/f]8 @! nfv /x]sf] 5 . l:y/ ;DklQ ? *! s/f]8 #@ nfv,
nufgL ? !! s/f]8 *$ nfv, v'b rfn' ;DklQ ? *% s/f]8 #^ nfv /x]sf] 5 . o;/L hDdf ;DklQ ?
! cj{ &* s/f]8 %@ nfv /x]sf] 5 . Jofh, ;]jf z'Ns / nfef+z nufotsf] cfDbfgL ut jif{ ? %(
s/f]8 %! nfv /x]sf]df of] jif{ ? &) s/f]8 @& nfv b]lvG5 . v'b gfkmf utaif{ ?= @( s/f]8 @$
nfv ePsf]df of] jif{ ?= #% s/f]8 (@ nfv k'u]sf] 5 .
187. k|ltj]bg – gful/s nufgL sf]if P]g, @)$& sf] bkmf $& adf]lhd sf]ifn] cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] gf}
dlxgf leq n]vfkl/If0f k|ltj]bg / sf]ifsf] sfd tyf sf/f]af/;Fu ;DalGwt ljj/0f g]kfn ;/sf/
;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{ Joj:yf /x]sf]df ;f]cg';f/ k]; u/]sf] b]lvFb}g . To:t} P]gsf] bkmf !(-!_ df
nufgLstf{nfO{{ k|To]s cfly{s jif{df lbg] k|ltkmn b/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;do ;dodf ;"rgf k|sflzt
cy{ dGqfno
u/L tf]s] adf]lhd x'g] Joj:yf /x]tf klg g]kfn ;/sf/n] xfn;Dd tf]s]sf] b]lvPg . g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
;xdlt a]u/ sf]ifn] k|ltkmn lgwf{/0f u/]sf] plrt b]lvPg . P]gsf] Joj:yf cg';f/ k|ltj]bg lbg] /
k|ltkmn b/ lgwf{/0f ug]{ Joj:yf sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
188. cGt/ l:sd lx;fa – sf]ifsf] cGt/ l:sd sf/f]af/ le8fg gxF'bf qm]l86 tkm{ ?= &* s/f]8 (* nfv
km/s tyf 8]la6 tkm{ ?=! ca{ @* s/f]8 !! nfv km/s eO{ v'b ?=$( s/f]8 !# nfv 8]lj6 km/s
/x]sf] 5 . lx;fa le8fg gu/L tof/ u/]sf] ljQLo ljj/0fn] sf]ifsf] cfly{s sf/f]af/sf] oyfy{ lrq0f
ub}{g . pQm km/s ;DaGwdf 5fgljg u/L olsg ug'{kb{5 .
189. r'Stf k'FhL – gful/s nufgL sf]if P]g, @)$& sf] bkmf % df ;~rfns ;ldltn] g]kfn ;/sf/ cy{
dGqfnosf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{ sf]ifsf] z]o/ k"FhL / ;f] sf] ;+/rgfdf cfjZostf cg';f/ yk36 ug{
;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&#.&$ ;Dd sf]ifsf] s"n hf/L k"FhL ?=! ca{ dfq /x]sf]df @)&#.&$
df af]g; z]o/ ljt/0f u/] kZrft r'Qmf k"FhL ?= ! ca{ !) s/f]8 @# nfv k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . r'Qmf k"+hL
j[l4 ug{ P]g adf]lhd cy{dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t lng'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
190. a}Í lx;fa ldnfg – sf]ifsf] cfly{s sfo{ljlw ljlgodfjnL, @)^* sf] lgod * adf]lhd sf]ifsf]
;|]:tfn] b]vfPsf] afFsL /sd / a}Ín] b]vfPsf] afFsL /sd le8fO{ lx;fa cBfjlws ug'{kb{5 . s]Gb|Lo
sf]iftkm{ @)&% cfiff9 d;fGtdf ljleGg !$ a}Ísf $! vftfx?df ?= *^ s/f]8 !$ nfv a}Í df}Hbft
b]lvP tfklg a}Í ljj/0f;Fu le8fg u/L lx;fa cBfjlws u/]sf] kfOPg .
s]Gb|Lo sf]if / ljleGg l:sdx?sf] $@* a}Ívftfdf ?= @ cj{ (# s/f]8 $@ nfv df}Hbft
/x]sf] b]lvP tfklg %$ a}Ívftfdf ?=!! cj{ #! s/f]8 ($ nfv C0ffTds df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 . ;dod}
a}Í lx;fj ldnfg ljj/0f tof/ gug]{ / lx;fj le8fg gug]{ k|j[lQsf sf/0f ;|]:tf tyf a}Ísf] df}Hbft
/sd km/s kg]{, df}Hbft C0ffTds b]lvg] / /sd lxgfldgf ePdf kQf gnfUg] l:ylt b]lvG5 . ;dod}
lx;fa ldnfg ug{ ut jif{ cf}+NofPsf]df of] jif{ klg ;'wf/ ePsf] 5}g .
191. cfjlws ljQLo ljj/0f – sf]ifsf] cfly{s k|zf;g ;DaGwL ljlgodfjnL, @)^* sf] ljlgod @!
adf]lhd lhDd]jf/ JolQmn] cfDbfgL, vr{ tyf w/f}6Lsf] b}lgs, ;fKtflxs, dfl;s / aflif{s n]vfsf]
ljj/0f j'emfpg'kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . To:t} ljlgod @# adf]lhd sf]ifsf] jflif{s gfkmf gf]S;fg
;lxtsf] jf;fnft tof/ u/L cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] k}tfnL; lbg leq sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs ;dIf k]z
ug'{ kg]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . t/ sf]ifn] pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] ljj/0fx?=;dodf tof/ gu/]sf]n]
sfg'gsf] kfngf ePsf] 5}g . tf]lsPsf] ;doleq ljQLo ljj/0f tof/ ug'{ kb{5 .
192. sf]if kl/rfng – cfly{s sfo{ljlw ljlgodfjnL, @)^* sf] ljlgod $ cg';f/ sf]ifdf k|fKt x'g]
/sdx? ;~rfns ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] jfl0fHo a}Íx?df sfo{qmdut ?kdf gg\ck|l] 6e vftf vf]nL hDdf
ug'{kg]{ / e'QmfgL k|of]hgsf] nflu sfo{qmdut sfo{ ;~rfng vftf /fVg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . gg\ck|]l6e
vftfdf hDdf ePsf] /sd e'QmfgL vftfdf 6«fG;km/ u/L vr{ ug'{ kg]{] pNn]v ePsf]df sf]ifn] gg\
ck/]l6e vftf ;~rfng gu/L k|fKt ePsf ;a} cfDbfgL sfo{;~rfng vftfdf hDdf u/L vr{ u/]sf]
5 . o;af6 ljlgodfjnLdf pNn]v ePsf] Joj:yf kfngf ePsf] 5}g . pQm Aoxf]/f ut jif{sf]
k|lta]bgdf pNn]v ul/Psf]df o; jif{ klg cj:yf oyfjt 5 .
193. sd{rf/L af]g; – af]g; P]g, @)#) cGtu{t ljt/0f ul/g] af]g; cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] cf7
dlxgf leq ljt/0f ug'{kg]{ / o;/L ljt/0f ug{ g;Sg] ePdf ;f]sf] sf/0f pNn]v u/L >d sfof{no
;dIf lgj]bg ul/ >d sfof{non] a9Ldf tLg dlxgf Dofb yk ug{;Sg] jf csf]{ cfly{s jif{df Ps}
;fy b'O{ jif{sf] af]g; af+8\g :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . sf]ifn] @)&@.&# sf] sd{rf/L af]g;
Joj:yf jfktsf] ?= &% nfv (# xhf/ /sd b'O{ aif{ kl5 @)&% h]i7 dlxgfdf l:js[tL a]u/ lat/0f
u/]sf] b]lvof] . P]g ljkl/t af]g; ljt/0f u/]sf] /sd c;'n ug'{ kb{5 .
194. ltg'{kg]{ nfef+z /sd – lrlnd] hnljB't sDkgL lnld6]8sf] z]o/ /lhi6«f/sf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNb} cfPsf]
of] sf]ifn] pQm sDkgLsf]] ljutb]lvs} ltg'{kg]{ /sd ?=! s/f]8 ^$ nfv lhDd]jf/L ;fb]{ cfPsf] b]lvG5 .
sDkgL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf !*@ sf] Joj:yf cg';f/ % jif{eGbf cl3sf e'QmfgL lbg afsL nfef+z
cy{ dGqfno
jfktsf] /sd /fli6«o :t/sf] klqsfdf ;'rgf k|sflzt u/L s'g} z]o/ wgLx?n] bfjL gu/]df ;f] /sd
nufgLstf{ ;'/If0f sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . sDkgL P]gsf] Aoj:yf cg';f/ ltg'{kg]{ afFsL /sd
nufgLstf{ ;'/If0f sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{ b]lvG5 .
195. nufgL – nufgL gLlt tyf cfwf/ tof/ gu/L ;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] k6s] lg0f{osf] cfwf/df
nufgL ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . sf]ifsf] s]G›Lo lx;fa / ljleGg !! of]hgfx¿ ;d]t !@ of]hgfsf] ljQLo
ljj/0f cg';f/ @)&$.&% ;Dd s'n ¿= &# cj{ $ s/f]8 &# nfv nufgL /x]sf]df nufgL ljefusf]
clen]v cg';f/ ¿= &! cj{ #( s/f]8 b]lvPsf]n] ¿=! ca{ ^% s/f]8 &# nfv km/s k/]sf] 5 .
;d:ofu|:t 3f]lift ePsf !! ljQLo ;+:yfdf ? ! cj{ !@ s/f]8 d'2tL lgIf]k /x]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm
/sddWo] cjlw ;dfKt ePsf] d'4tL lgIf]k ?= # s/f]8 5 . sf]ifsf] nufgL clen]vdf @ s/f]8 ^)
nfv #@ xhf/ ((& lsQf z]o/ /x]sf] tyf cef}ltlss/0f -8LDof6_ clen]vdf ! s/f]8 && nfv $$
xhf/ #*$ lsQf z]o/ ePsfn] *@ nfv ** xhf/ ^!# lsQf z]o/ 36L b]lvPsf] 5 . nufgL gLlt
tof/ ug'{kg]{, km/s k/]sf] lx;fj ldnfg ug'kg]{, d'2tL lgIf]ksf] /sd ;'/lIft ug'{kg]{ / z]o/ nut
cBfjlws ug'{kb{5 .
o;}u/L sf]ifn] $%^ d]ufjf6 Ifdtfsf] dflyNnf] tfdfsf]zL xfO8«f]kfj/ sDklgdf ?=@ ca{ shf{
/ ?=@! s/f]8 !* nfv z]o/ nufgL u/]sf] 5 . kl/of]hgfsf] z'? nfut ?=#% ca{ /x]sf]df @)&%
cfiff9 ;Dd ?= $( ca{ #) s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . sf]ifn] !% jif{sf] nflu u/]sf] C0f ;Demf}tfsf] cjlw
dWo] * jif{ kl/of]hgf lgdf{0f sfo{df JotLt e};s]sf] 5 . C0f nufgLsf zt{cg';f/ afFsL & jif{leq
sf]ifsf] C0f r'Stf x'g] cj:yf /x]sf] 5}g .
196. ljdfg vl/b shf{ – g]kfn jfo';]jf lgud;+u @)&$.@.@( df u/]sf] C0f ;Demf}tf cg';f/ jfO8a8L
ljdfg vl/b ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] hdfgLdf sf]ifn] ?=!@ ca{ C0f k|jfx u/]sf] 5 . lgudn] @)&% kf}if
d;fGt;Dd ls:tf /sd r'Qmf u/]sf] b]lvPg . 7"nf / bL3{sfnLg kl/of]hgfx?df nufgL ubf{ lj:t[t
cWoog, hf]lvd ljZn]if0f, kl/of]hgfsf] ;an tyf b'a{n kIfx? / shf{ lng]sf] Jofj;flos of]hgf
h:tf ljifox?df cWoog, ljZn]if0f / d"NofÍg kZrft dfq shf{ k|jfx ug'{kb{5 .
197. ;"rgf k|0ffnL – ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] k|of]u e/kbf]{ / ljZj;gLo x'g'kb{5 . sf]ifn] k|of]u u/]sf] ;"rgf
k|0ffnLsf] ;km\6j]o/df k|of]ustf{n] cfk"mv';L tYo+fÍ kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg], ;j} zfvf;F+u k|0ffnL
ghf]l8Psf] / ;"rgf k|ljlw k/LIf0f;d]t u/]sf] 5}g . h;n] ubf{ nfeu|fxLsf] /sd ;dodf k|lji6 gx'g],
cGt/zfvf lx;fa km/s kg]{ b]lvG5 . ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] plrt Joj:yfkg u/L sfo{ ;~rfng ug'{ kb{5 .
lgIf]k tyf shf{ ;'/If0f sf]if, @)&$.&%
198. ljQLo l:ylt tyf ;~rfng glthf – sf]ifsf] k'FhL @)&#.&$ df ?=# ca{ /x]sf]df of] jif{ ?=% ca{ yk
eO{ ?=* ca{ k'u]sf] 5 . ;fwf/0f hu]8f ?=# s/f]8 ^! nfv, cGo sf]if ?=(( s/f]8 @) nfv, bfloTj
Pj+ Joj:yf ?=$! s/f]8 !$ nfv /x]sf] 5 . s'n ;DklQ ?=( ca{ *! s/f]8 #! nfv /x]sf] 5 .
;l~rt gfkmf utjif{ ?=* nfv /x]sf]df of] jif{ ?=#& s/f]8 #^ nfv k'u]sf] 5 .
199. z]o/ k'FhL – lgIf]k tyf shf{ ;'/If0f sf]if P]g, @)&# sf] bkmf -$_ pkbkmf -!_ cg';f/ lgIf]k ;'/If0f
hf]lvd sf]ifdf /x]sf] /sd ;'/lIft lgIf]ksf] bfaL e'QmfgL jf zf]wegf{ ug{ afx]s cGo k|of]hgsf nflu
vr{ ug{ g;lsg] pNn]v 5 . sf]ifn] ;]o/ k'FhL ?=# ca{af6 a9fO{ ?=* ca{ k'¥ofPsf] dWo] lgIf]k
;'/If0f hf]lvd sf]ifaf6 ?=@ ca{ %$ s/f]8 && nfvsf] ;]o/nfO{ k'FhLdf /sdfGt/ u/]sf] 5 . pQm
/sdfGt/ P]gsf] k|fjwfg ljkl/t b]lvG5 .
g]kfn lwtf]kq af]8{
200. ljQLo l:ylt tyf ;~rfng glthf – af]8{sf] @)&$.&% sf] cGtdf sf]if tyf hu]8f ?=(^ s/f]8 **
nfv, rfn' bfloTj tyf Joj:yf ?=( s/f]8 &( nfv Go"g l:y/ ;DklQ ?=@ s/f]8 % nfv, nufgL

cy{ dGqfno
?=%^ s/f]8 ^& nfv / rfn' ;DklQ ?=$& s/f]8 (% nfv /x]sf] 5 . ;~rfng gfkmf ut jif{ ?=#%
s/f]8 #$ nfv /x]sf]df of] jif{ ?= @( s/f]8 ^@ nfv /x]sf] 5 .
201. lgodsf] kfngf – g]kfn lwtf]kq af]8{;DaGwL P]g, @)^# df g]kfn lwtf]kq Joj;foLsf] sfo{ tyf
Ifdtf cg'?k juL{s/0f / :t/ sfod ug{ lwtf]kq Joj;foLx?sf] juL{s/0f / :t/ lgwf{/0fsf] nflu
tyf lwtf]kq Joj;foLn] af]8{n] tf]lslbPadf]lhd cfk"mn] ug]{ Joj;fosf] aLdf u/fpg' kg]{ Joj:yf
/x]sf]df ptm sfo{sf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu sfo{ljlw th{'df u/L nfu" u/]sf] b]lvPg .
nufgLstf{x?sf] lxt / ahf/sf] :jR5tf sfod /fVg lwtf]kq bnfn Joj;foLn] kfngf
ug'{kg{] Jofj;flos dof{bf;DaGwL lgb{]lzsf, @)%* nfO{ ;do ;fk]If agfpg'sf ;fy} lwtf]kq
bnfnafx]s cGo Joj;foLx?nfO{ klg ;d]6\g] u/L lgb]{lzsf k'g/fjnf]sg ePsf] b]lvPg . lwtf]kq
sf/f]af/ /fkm;fkm tyf km5\of}{6 ljlgodfjnL, @)^( sf] ljlgod $^ df ;L8LP;;Ln] /fkm;fkm tyf
km5\of}{6 sfo{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf Jojl:yt ug{ km5\of}{6 Uof/]G6L sf]if :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg] / sf]ifsf]
;~rfng ug{sf nflu cfjZos sfo{ljlw tof/ u/L af]8{af6 :jLs[t u/fO{ nfu" ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf
/x]sf]df sfo{ljlw tof/ u/]sf] kfOPg .
j:t' ljlgdo ahf/;DaGwL P]g, @)&$ nfO{ @)&$.*.( b]lv nfu" u/]sf] 5 . j:t' ljlgdo
ahf/sf] nflu kfFr lgj]bg af]8{;dIf k]; eP tfklg af]8{af6 s'g} lg0f{o ePsf] kfOPg . P]g lgodn]
lglb{i6 u/]adf]lhd j:t' ljlgdosf] sf/f]af/nfO{ lgoldt ug{]tkm{ Wofg hfg' h?/L b]lvG5 .
cg'udg tyf a]?h"
 cg'udg – cy{tGqsf ;dli6ut cfly{s kl/;"rsx? ;sf/fTds g/x]sf], k|fljlws ;xfotfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f
gu/fPsf], ;dodf C0f tyf cg'bfg zf]wegf{ glnPsf], P]g ljk/Lt /sdfGt/ u/]sf], ;l~rtsf]ifsf] 9fFrf
tof/ gu/]sf], ;l~rtsf]ifsf] km/s /sdsf] lx;fa ldnfg gu/]sf]n] oyfy{ lx;fa gb]vfPsf], eG;f/tkm{
b/aGbL km/s kf/L 36L c;'nL u/]sf], eG;f/ ljGb'df c;'n ug'{kg]{ cGtMz'Ns c;'n gu/]sf] h:tf
Joxf]/faf6 /fh:j c;'nLdf sdL ePsf], cfGtl/s /fh:jtkm{ ;DefJo ;a} s/bftfnfO{ s/sf] bfo/fdf
Nofpg g;s]sf], sfg'gn] tf]s]sf] eGbf 36L /fh:j c;'n u/]sf], 7"nf] sf/f]af/ u/] klg s/bftf knfog
x'Fbf cg'udg ug{ g;s]sf], gkfpg] q]ml86 lnPsf], ;dfg'kflts s§L gu/]sf]sf/0f d"No clej[l4 s/ q]ml86
a9]sf], 8]la6sf] t'ngfdf q]ml86 ljj/0f k]; ug]{ ljj/0f g} k]; gu/]sf], s/ 5'6sf] k|df0fkq lnO{ s/ nfUg]
sf/f]af/ u/]sf] cflb sf/0faf6 /fh:j k|zf;gsf] k|efjsfl/tf ck]lIft ?kdf a9\g g;s]sf] Joxf]/f
k|ltj]bgdf cf}FNofOPsf]df of] jif{ klg ;'wf/ ePsf] kfOPg . ljutsf Joxf]/f k'g/fj[lQ gx'g] Joj:yf
ug'{kb{5 .
 a]?h" l:ylt – of] jif{ dGqfno / dftxt lgsfosf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] a]?h"sf] l:ylt b]xfo cg';f/ 5M
 ;/sf/L sfof{notk{m !)$ lgsfodf of] jif{ ?=#$ ca{ !! s/f]8 %@ nfv $$ xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df
k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fPkl5 ?=@ ca{ %& s/f]8 ^& nfv @@ xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=#! ca{
%# s/f]8 *% nfv @@ xhf/ km5\of}{6 ug{ afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f] dWo] ?=$$ s/f]8 @$ nfv $% xhf/
k]:sL a]?h" /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL !% df 5 .
 ;+ul7t ;+:yf, cGo ;+:yf / ;ldlttk{m ! lgsfodf ?=&* s/f]8 # nfv !! xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df
k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fPkl5 ?=&& s/f]8 (@ nfv ^) xhf/ km5\of}{6 ePsf]n] ?=!) nfv %!
xhf/ km5\of}{6 ug{ afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL !^ df 5 .

pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfno
dGqfnosf] sfo{If]qdf cf}Bf]lus gLlt, Jofkf/ ;xhLs/0f Pj+ cTofjZos j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] cfk"lt{
sfo{sf] gLlt, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd th'{df sfof{Gjog cg'udg / d"NofÍg Pj+ lgodg ug]{nufotsf sfo{ /x]sf
5g\ . dGqfno ;d]t !)( lgsfoaf6 ;]jf k|jfx x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
dGqfno / dftxt lgsfosf] of] jif{ lalgof]hg ?=$ ca{ @! s/f]8 (# nfv %^ xhf/, /fh:j ?=@
ca{ (^ s/f]8 ^% nfv *# xhf/, w/f}6L ?=#& s/f]8 &( nfv *& xhf/ / cGo sf/f]af/ ?=$# s/f]8 #& nfv
@@ xhf/;d]t ?=& ca{ (( s/f]8 &^ nfv $* xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . dGqfno dftxtsf
;+ul7t ;+:yf cGo ;+:yf / ;ldlt;d]tsf] ?=%# ca{ *% s/f]8 ?=^ nfv &% xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg
ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
pBf]utk{m
1. rf}wf}+ of]hgf – rf}wf}F of]hgf -@)&#.&$–@)&%.&^_ df pBf]ux?sf] :yfkgf tyf lj:tf/, ahf/
;DaGwsf] lj:tf/, u'0f:t/Lo j:t'x?sf] pTkfbgåf/f lgof{t a9fO{ cfoft k|lt:yfkg u/L Jofkf/ 3f6f
sd ug]{ nIo /fv]sf]df of] jif{ cfoft ?=!@ va{ $% ca{ !( s/f]8 / lgof{t ?=*! ca{ ## s/f]8
/x]sf]n] lgof{tsf] t'ngfdf cfoft !% u'0ff a9L /x]sf] 5 . Jofkf/ 3f6f @)&@.&# sf] t'ngfdf ^#
k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] 5 . l;d/f ljz]if cfly{s If]qleq ufd]{G6 k|f];]l;Ë hf]g :yfkgf eO{ $) xhf/
pBdL tyf >ldsnfO{ tflnd lbg] nIo /x]sf]df k|f];]l;Ë hf]g ;~rfng x'g afFsL /x]sf], e}/xjf ljz]if
cfly{s If]qdf pBf]ux? :yfkgf x'g] pNn]v ePsf]df pBf]ux? :yfkgf ug{ pBdLnfO{ hUuf pknAw
u/fpg] sfo{ ePsf] t/ pBdLn] pBf]u :yfkgf u/L ;~rfng ug]{ sfo{ ePsf] 5}g . o;} u/L yk #
d'n's;Fu låkIfLo nufgL ;+/If0f / k|jw{g ;Demf}tf, yk %& xhf/ n3' pBdLsf] :t/f]Gglt, yk #&!
j6f ;femf ;'ljwf s]Gb| :yfkgf u/L @&% 7"nf, @&% demf}nf / ^) xhf/ 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u If]qdf
% nfv @# xhf/ yk /f]huf/L l;h{gf x'g] ck]Iff u/]sf] eP klg ;f]cg';f/ nIo k"/f ePsf]] olsg x'g]
cfwf/ k|:t't ePsf] 5}g . cfjlws of]hgfn] ls6fg u/]sf] nIo k"/f ug'{kb{5 .
2. ah]6 sfof{Gjog – cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% sf] ah]6 aStJodf j}b]lzs nufgLsf nflu k|zf;lgs
k|lqmofx? :ki6 / ;/nLs[t kfb}{ cGtlg{sfo ;dGjo a9fOg] Joxf]/f pNn]v ePsf]df ;f]sf] dxTjk"0f{
kIf cgnfOg OlG6u|];g ug]{ sfo{sf] nflu laleGg lgsfodf xfn ;~rfngdf /x]sf ;ˆ6j]o/ PsLs[t
ug{] sfo{ ePsf] kfOPg . u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{ g]kfndf nufgLsf] nflu k|f]T;fxg ug]{ Joxf]/f
pNn]v ePsf]df ;f];DaGwL sfo{ ePsf] ;d]t b]lvPg . ah]6 jQmJodfk{mt lgwf{l/t nIo sfof{Gjog
ug'{kb{5 .
3. lgliqmo /sd – k|ljlw ljsf; sf]ifn] ut jif{sf] lhDd]jf/L ?=! s/f]8 of] jif{ klg vr{ u/]sf] kfOPg .
o;} u/L ;fljssf] 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljefucGtu{t shf{ k|jfx d"nsf]ifdf ?=!) s/f]8 %) nfv
*# xhf/ ljutb]lv vr{ geO{ df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 . p2]Zoadf]lhd vr{ ug]{ jf afFsL /x]sf] /sd
;l~rtsf]if bflvnf x'g'kb{5 .
4. n]vfk/LIf0f – cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g @)%% sf] bkmf !^-@_ df ;a} lsl;dsf j}b]lzs ;xfotf ah]6df
;dfj]z u/L n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . dGqfnocGtu{t n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] nflu
;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] ;f]em} e'QmfgL cg'bfg ?=$% s/f]8 ah]6 ljlgof]hg ePsf] tyf
n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd -d]8]k_ rf}yf}F r/0fsf] sfo{qmddf n3' pBd kl/of]hgf :yfkgfy{ cd]l/sL
8n/ &* nfv !# xhf/ ljZj a}Íaf6 k|fKt x'g] pNn]v ePsf]df cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ u/L n]vfk/LIf0f
u/fPsf] 5}g . ;a} ;xfotf /sdsf]] cfly{s ljj/0f pknAw u/fO{ n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg'kb{5 .

pBf]u ljefu
demf}nf Pj+ 7"nf pBf]ux?sf] cg'dlt, btf{, gjLs/0f tyf cg'udg ug]{, ljb]zL nufgLdf btf{ x'g]
pBf]ux?nfO{ cg'dlt k|bfg ug]{nufotsf sfo{sf nflu pBf]u ljefusf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . /fHo
k'g;{+/rgfadf]lhd 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljefu;d]t o;} ljefudf uflePsf] 5 .
5. gub k|f]T;fxg cg'bfg – t];|f] d'n's lgof{t ug]{ pBf]ux?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{ gub k|f]T;fxg sfo{ljlw,
@)&) sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -@_ df cy{ dGqfnon] cfjZos /sd ;do ;dodf clu|d ?kdf
g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf] vftfdf hDdf ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . pQm sfo{sf] nflu of] jif{ ljlgof]hg ePsf] ?=@@
s/f]8 @# nfv %^ xhf/ g]kfn /fi6« a}ÍnfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g . ut ljutb]lv g]kfn /fi6« a}Ídf
/x]sf] df}Hbft ?=## s/f]8 $( nfv !% xhf/af6 of] jif{ @@$ pBf]unfO{ ?=@! s/f]8 !# nfv *@
xhf/ lgof{tdf gub k|f]T;fxg lbPsf] 5 . ;fy} cfly{s jif{sf] cGtdf ljt/0f u/L afFsL /x]sf] ?=!@
s/f]8 #% nfv ## xhf/ lkmtf{ k|fKt u/L /fh:j bflvnf ug{'kg]{df lkmtf{ u/]sf] 5}g . ut jif{sf]
k|ltj]bgdf pQm Joxf]/f cf}+NofP tfklg /fh:j bflvnf gu/L vr{ ug]{ k|lqmof hf/L /fv]sf] 5 . k|To]s
jif{sf] ljlgof]hg ah]6af6 vr{ u/L art /sd lkmtf{ ug'{kb{5 .
lgof{t k|f]T;fxg cg'bfgsf] k|efj lgof{t j[l4df ;sf/fTds b]lvg'kg]{df ljut $ jif{sf] gub
k|f]T;fxg cg'bfg / lgof{tsf] l:ylt t'ngf ubf{ @)&!.&@, @)&@.&#, @)&#.&$ / @)&$.&% df gub
k|f]T;fxg cg'bfg qmdzM ?=@$ s/f]8 *! nfv, ?=!( s/f]8 ** nfv, ?=@( s/f]8 # nfv / ?=@!
s/f]8 !# nfv /x]sf]df lgof{t qmdzM ?=*^ ca{ ^$ s/f]8, ?=&! ca{ !# s/f]8, ?=&$ ca{ !@ s/f]8
/ ?=*! ca{ ## s/f]8 /x]sf] 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&!.&@ sf] t'ngfdf kl5Nnf] jif{x?df lgof{t 36]sf]n]
gub k|f]T;fxg cg'bfgsf] lgof{tdf ;sf/fTds ;DaGw /x]sf] b]lvPg . o; ;DaGwdf k|efj cWoog
u/L gLltsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ ;'emfj lbPsf]df k|efj cWoog gu/fO{ cg'bfg /sd @ k|ltztaf6
a9fP/ % k|ltzt k'¥ofPsf] 5 . lgof{t k|f]T;fxg cg'bfgsf] k|efj d"NofÍg ul/g'kb{5 .
3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljefutk{m
6. dlxnf shf{ sf]if – dlxnf pBdzLntf ljsf; sf]if -;~rfng_ sfo{ljlw @)^( sf] a'Fbf g+= ^ df
dlxnfnfO{ pBdL aGg k|f]T;fxg ug{ dlxnfsf] gfddf pBf]u :yfkgf, ;~rfng, k|j4{{g / k|ljlw
ljsf;;DaGwL sfo{df ;/n / ;'ne tl/sfaf6 ljgf lwtf] shf{ k|jfx ug{ sf]ifsf] k|of]u ug]{, /fli6«o
jfl0fHo a}Ídfkm{t ljgf lwtf] ;/n / ;'ne tl/sfn] shf{ k|jfx ug]{ / pQm shf{ # jif{leq lkmtf{
ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . o; sf]ifn] @)&!.&@ df !!( hgfnfO{ ?=! s/f]8 $# nfv, @)&@.&# df @@(
hgfnfO{ @ s/f]8 &) nfv, @)&#.&$ df &^% hgfnfO{ ?=!^ s/f]8 %( nfv / @)&$.&% df #&$
hgfnfO{ ^ s/f]8 !) nfv;d]t xfn;Dd ! xhf/ $*& hgfnfO{ ?=@^ s/f]8 *@ nfv C0f nufgL
ug{ /sd pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . ljefun] a}Íaf6 pQm C0f nufgL, r'Qmf / afFsLsf] clen]v k|fKt u/L
cg'udg u/]s]f b]lvFb}g . dlxnf shf{ sf]ifsf] nufgLsf] lx;fa Jojl:yt u/L cg'udg ug'{kb{5 .
vfgL tyf e"ue{ ljefu
7. /f]oN6L Y ljefuaf6 !%& ;+:yf tyf JolStnfO{ vfgL pTvgg\sf] cg'dlt k|bfg u/]sf]df !!% n] dfq
vfgL pTvgg\ u/]sf] / ;f]af6 ljefun] of] jif{ ?=! ca{ !# s/f]8 ^@ nfv /f]oN6L k|fKt u/]sf] 5 .
l;d]G6 tyf ldg/N; pBf]un] lnPsf] cg'dltkqdf plNnlvt dfOlgË ug{ kfpg] kl/df0feGbf a9L jf 36L
kl/df0fdf pTvgg\ u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . cWoog ul/Psf @) pBf]un] $^ nfv %$ xhf/ d]l6«s 6g
pTvgg\ ug{ cg'dlt lnPsf]df of] jif{ !^ nfv #$ xhf/ d]l6«s 6gdfq pTvgg\ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o;/L
Go"g kl/df0fdf pTvgg\ ubf{ vfgL cgfjZos ?kdf xf]N8 u/]sf] / cg'dlt lnO{ #) nfv @) xhf/ d]l6«s
6g 36L pTvgg\ u/]sf] sf/0f cf};t b/ k|lt d]l6«s 6g ?=%(.&$ n] ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt x'g'kg]{ /fh:j ?=!*
s/f]8 $ nfv k|fKt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . vfgL pTvgg\, kl/df0f Pj+ /fh:j bflvnf k|lqmofsf] lgoGq0f tyf
cg'udg k|0ffnL k|efjsf/L agfpg'kb{5 .

8. cg'dlt / x:tfGt/0f Y cg'dltkq lnP/ ;Demf}tfsf] zt{adf]lhd vfgL ;~rfng gu/]sf $@ ;+:yfsf]
cg'dltkq /2 u/]sf] kfOPg . cg'dlt k|fKt u/]sf] ;+:yf tyf JolQmn] vfgL pTvgg\ gubf{ vfgL
cgfaZos ?kdf xf]N8 eO{ ;/sf/n] cGo JolQm tyf ;+:yfnfO{ pknAw u/fpg gldNg] / ;/sf/nfO{
k|fKt x'g'kg]{ /f]oN6L;d]t u'Dg] ePsf]n] vfgL ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ lglZrt cjlw tf]sL ;f] cjlwleq
;~rfngdf gcfPsf vfgLsf] cg'dltkq /2 u/L cGo OR5's JolQm tyf ;+:yfnfO{ k|lt:kwf{sf] nflu
v'Nnf ug'{kb{5 .
ljefun] Ps JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ pTvgg\ jf vf]h tnf;sf] nflu lbPsf] cg'dltkq cGo
JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] ;d]t b]lvof] . of] jif{ vf]h tnf;sf nflu lbPsf !( cg'dltkq
x:tfGt/0f ePsf 5g\ . Ps JolQm jf ;+:yfn] lnPs]f cg'dltkq cGo JolQm jf ;+:YffnfO{ x:tfGt/0f
x'g] k|lqmofn] vfgL pTvgg\ ug{ rfxg] cGo JolQm jf ;+:yfn] k|lt:kwf{ ug]{ cj;/ gkfpg] eO{ k|fKt
x'g'kg]{ /f]oN6Ldf ;d]t c;/ kg{ ;Sg] / cg'lrt nfe lnO{ laqmL;d]t ug{ ;Sg] b]lvPsf]n] lgoGq0ffTds
pkfo ckgfpg'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
9. vlgh pTvgg\ – ljefun] cg'dltkq k|bfg u/]sf] vflghGo kbfy{sf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ s'n vfgL pTvgg\
/f]oN6L ?=! ca{ !# s/f]8 ^@ nfvdWo] r'g9'Ëf ?=! ca{ !! s/f]8 *^ nfv, sf]Onf ?=$$ nfv,
kmnfd ?=!! nfv, vl/9'Ëf ?=%! nfv / Sjf/hfO6 ?=$@ nfv /x]sf] 5 . ;f]afx]s cGo wft'x?
DofUg];fO6, dfa{n, lgjf{0fd'vL, 6'gf{dfO6, 8f]ndfO6, lh+snufotsf] pTvgg\ /f]oN6L ?=@* nfvdfq
/x]sf] 5 . s'n /fHf:jdf r'g9'Ëfsf] lx:;f (*=$% k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . /fHon] k|fs[lts ;|f]tx?sf]
pTvgg\ u/L /fh:j cfo k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] u/L ;|f]t kl/rfng ug'{kb{5 .
10. lgdf{0fd'vL vlgh – vfgL tyf vlgh kbfy{ lgodfjnL, @)%^ sf] kl/R5]b & df ;fwf/0f lgdf{0fd'vL
vlgh kbfy{sf] pTvgg\ ug{ vfgL tyf e"ud{ ljefusf] ;xdltdf ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 cg'dlt k|bfg
ug]{ / jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL, @)%$ sf] lgod # df ;fwf/0f lgdf{0fd'vL 9'Ëf, afn'jf u|fe]n,
cf}Bf]lus df6f] pTvgg\ ug{ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f / k|efj d"NofÍg ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . of]
jif{ !)) vfgLsf] lg/LIf0f / jftfj/0fLo cg'udgsf nflu ?=$^ nfv %) xhf/ / t/fO{sf %
lhNnfsf] gbLhGo lgdf{0f ;fdu|L d"NofÍg ug{ ?=@# nfv @% xhf/ vr{ u/] tfklg lj:t[t cWoog
k|ltj]bg tof/ u/]sf] 5}g . lgdf{0fd'vL vlgh kbfy{sf] pTvgg\ / laqmL ljt/0fdf ljleGg lgdf{0f
Joj;foL tyf qm;/ pBf]usf] ;+nUgtf /x]sf] 5 tfklg pTvgg\ kl/df0f lgoGq0f ;+oGq k|efjsf/L
gePsf sf/0f gbL vfgL tyf r'/] nufot If]qdf cTolws kl/df0fdf 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf cflbsf] bf]xg
e}/x]sf] b]lvG5 . lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] 3f6u2L ub}{ kl/df0f olsg u/L laqmL ljt/0f ug'{kg]{ tyf cg'udg
k|0ffnL k|efjsf/L agfpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
g]kfn u'0f:t/ tyf gfktf}n ljefu
11. cg'udg – ljefun] o; jif{ ph'/L k/]sf pBf]u cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f u/]sf] 5 . h;dWo] * £o" tyf
t]n pBf]usf] lg/LIf0f ubf{ d]lN6Ë /]Gh tf]lsPadf]lhd gePsf], Pl;8sf] dfg tf]lsPeGbf a9L ePsf],
!% l;d]G6 pBf]usf] cg'udg u/]sf]df sDk|]l;e :6«]Gy kbfy{, ;Nkm/ n; ckm OlUd;g DofUg]l;odsf]
dfqf g]kfn u'0f:t/ dfgcg'?k gePsf], Pl;l86Lsf] dfqf tf]lsPsf] eGbf a9L ePsf], & 808L
pBf]usf] lg/LIf0f u/]sf]df :6«]Gy g]kfn u'0f:t/ dfgcg'?Kf gePsf], 808Lsf] ;fOHf tf]lsPadf]lhdsf]
gePsf] / $ vfB pBf]usf] lg/LIf0f u/]sf]df df]O:r/ / cNsf]xlns Pl;l86Lsf] dfg Pj+ af]sg
/fO;sf] dfg tf]lsPcg'?k gePsf] h:tf s}lkmot b]lvPsf 5g\ . s}lkmot b]lvPsf pBf]usf] ;DalGwt
Aofrsf] pTkfbg ahf/af6 lkmtf{ lng lgb]{zg lbPsf] / ;r]t u/fPsf] h:tf sf/afxL u/]sf] pNn]v 5 .
gfktf}n oGqtk{m !! xhf/ ($^ nfO{ gofF cg'dlt lnPsf] / @$ xhf/ #^% sf] gjLs/0f
u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o; jif{;Dd !) xhf/ ^$% 6\ofS;L btf{ ePsf]df # xhf/ #@^ n] dfq gjLs/0f
u/fPsf 5g\ . btf{dWo] @ xhf/ !(! n] lalnª lk|G6/ /fv]sf 5}gg\ . ;du| gfktf}n / 6\ofS;Lsf] ld6/
cg'udg tyf sf/afxL k|lqmof sdhf]/ b]lvG5 . cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0fsf] bfo/f a9fO{ cg'udg tyf
lg/LIf0f sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg'kb{5 .

12. sfo{qmd :jLs[lt – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @) df tfn's lgsfoaf6 sfo{qmd
:jLs[t u/fP/ dfq vr{ ug{'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ljefun] tfn's lgsfoaf6 sfo{qmd :jLs[t gu/L /fli6«o
cf]hf]g OsfO{tkm{ tna, e|d0f vr{, a}7s eQf, tflnd uf]i7L, cWoog cg';Gwfg, sfo{no
;~rfngnufotdf ?=%* nfv *( xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] b]lvof] . o; ;DaGwdf k|:t't ah]6 /fi6«;+3Lo
cf]hf]g sfo{qmdsf] ePsf]n] pQm ;+:yfaf6 sfo{qmd :jLs[t u/fO{ vr{ u/]sf] eGg] ljefusf] egfO
/x]sf] 5 . ljb]zL /fi6« jf ;+:yfaf6 cg'bfg k|fKt ubf{ tfn's lgsfoaf6 sfo{qmd :jLs[t u/fP/dfq
vr{ ug'{kg]{ Joxf]/f ut jif{sf] k|ltj]bgdf ;d]t cf}FNofPsf]df ;'wf/ ePsf] b]lvPg . tfn's lgsfoaf6
sfo{qmd :jLs[t u/L vr{ ug'{k5{ .
sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{no
13. clen]v cBfjlws – sDkgLx?n] sDkgL P]g, @)^# df k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLdf ePsf] ;+zf]wg,
z]o/sf] clen]v, sDkgLsf] l:ylt ljj/0f, klAns lnld6]8 / d'gfkmf ljt/0f gug]{ hfgsf/L, cfly{s
k|ltj]bg, n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQm, ;~rfns / sDkgL ;lrjsf] ljj/0f, gfd tyf 7]ufgf kl/jt{g;DaGwL
hfgsf/L cflb Joxf]/f sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{nodf k]; ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . pQm Joj:yfadf]lhd
xfn;Dd btf{ ePsf ! nfv (@ xhf/ sDkgLdWo] ! nfv !* xhf/ -^!=$% k|ltzt_ sDkgLn] cfˆgf]
ljj/0f cBfjlws u/]sf 5}gg\ . ljj/0f gk7fPdf k|To]s jif{ Go"gtd ?=% xhf/b]lv ?=@) xhf/;Dd
hl/afgf nfUg] Joj:yf ePsf]n] ;f] cfwf/df To:tf ljj/0f ga'emfpg] sDkgLaf6 pQm b//]6sf]
cfwf/df Go"gtd ?=%( s/f]8b]lv clwstd ?=@ ca{ #^ s/f]8;Dd hl/afgf c;'n ug'{kg]{ cj:yf
/x]sf] 5 . ljj/0f k]z gug]{ / ;~rfngdf g/x]sf sDkgL vf/]h ug{ k|lqmof z'? gug]{ sDkgLnfO{
sf/afxL x'g'kb{5 . o; ;DaGwdf cg'udg ug{ hgzlQm sd ePsf] sfof{nosf] egfO /x] klg
hgzlQmsf] Joj:yf u/L cg'udg sfo{ k|efjsf/L agfpg'kb{5 .
14. ;]jf k|jfx – sfof{nosf] b/aGbL %& ePsf]df %$ sfo{/t /x]sf] b]lvG5 . sfof{non] sDkgL btf{,
kl/jt{g tyf vf/]hL;DaGwL sfo{tk{m of] jif{ klAns lnld6]8 sDkgL btf{ &@, k|fOe]6 lnld6]8 btf{ @!
xhf/ &!!, d'gfkmf ljt/0f gug]{ sDkgL btf{ $$@, ljb]zL sDkgL btf{ $(, sDkgL vf/]hL %#!,
sDkgL ufEg] sfo{ #*, gfd kl/jt{g ! xhf/ @&), 7]ufgf kl/jt{g # xhf/ $!#, z]o/ vl/b laqmL (
xhf/ ^##, Psnaf6 ax'n ug]{ ^(@, k'FhL ;+/rgf kl/jt{g @ xhf/ &&#, p2]Zo kl/jt{g ! xhf/
%*& / k|aGwkq jf lgodfjnLsf] bkmf ;+zf]wg # xhf/ ! ;d]tsf] sfo{;Dkfbg u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
o;afx]s xfn;Dd btf{ /x]sf ! nfv (@ xhf/ sDkgLsf] ljj/0f cBfjlws ug]{ nufotsf sfo{x?
o;} sfof{non] u/] tfklg sfo{k|lqmof ;/nLs/0f, cgnfOgdfk{mt sf/f]af/ ug]{, ;"rgf k|ljlwdfk{mt
;"rgf clen]vLs/0f ug]{, ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ ljs]Gb|Ls/0f ug]{, Pp6} k|s[ltsf ljj/0fx? :yfgLo tx /
cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefunufotdf k]; ug]{ Joj:yfnfO{ cGt/cfa4tf ug]{ sfo{ x'g g;Sbf ;]jf k|jfxdf
;d:of b]lvPsf] 5 . ;]jfu|fxLsf] sfd ;dodf ge} x}/fgL Joxf]g'{kg]{ l:ylt /x]sf]n] sfof{nosf]
sfo{;Dkfbgdf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
u|fdL0f pBd tyf ljk|]if0f cfof]hgf
15. cfof]hgf ;~rfng – k"jL{ tyf dWot/fO{ / s]xL kxf8L;d]t !^ lhNnfdf ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf
dflg;x? / j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf uPsf JolQmx?sf] kl/jf/ tyf ljb]zaf6 kms{]sfx?nfO{ s[lif tyf
u}/s[lif If]qdf ;+nUg u/fpg] p2]Zon] cGt/f{li6«o s[lif ljsf; sf]ifsf] ;xof]udf cfof]hgf @)&@.&#
b]lv ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfut ?=^ ca{ *! s/f]]8 %) nfv /x]sf]df of]
jif{;Dd ?=!% s/f]8 ^! nfv vr{ ePsf] 5 . of] jif{ cfof]hgfnfO{ ?=&) s/f]8 (( nfv ah]6
ljlgof]hg ePsf]df ?=!! s/f]8 !* nfv -!%=#@ k|ltzt_ dfq ePsf] b]lvof] . cfof]hgfcGtu{t
xfn;Dd a];nfOg ;e]{, sf]l/8f]/ kf]6]lG;on DoflkËnufotsf sfo{ ug{ :yfgLo k/fdz{bftf lgo'Qm eP
tfklg sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf] 5}g . n3' tyf ;fgf pBf]u k|j4{g / nufgL;DaGwL sfo{qmdx?
;~rfng ug{ ?=@^ s/f]8 () nfv ljlgof]hg eP klg ;~rfng x'g ;s]sf] b]lvPg .

;ft jif{leq ;DkGg ug]{ cfof]hgfsf] t];|f] jif{;Dd klg l8hfOg / df]8fln6L g} tof/ gx'Fbf
cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogdf ;d:of x'g] b]lvG5 .
16. :yfgLo k/fdz{bftf – :yfgLo k|fljlws ;xof]uLsf] ?kdf !$ hgf sd{rf/L /fvL of] jif{ ?=@ s/f]8 !
nfv #! xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] 5 . pQm k|fljlws sd{rf/Lsf] 5gf}6 ubf{ cfof]hgf cjlwe/sf] nflu dfl;s
kfl/>lds lbg] u/L lgo'Qm u/]sf] b]lvG5 . sd{rf/L 5gf}6 ubf{ ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g lgodfjnLsf]
k|lqmof cjnDag gu/L JolQmsf] 5gf}6 ug]{ k|lqmof cjnDag u/]sf] kfOof] . tL k|fljlws hgzlQmnfO{
cfof]hgf cjlw;Dd k|To]s jif{ dfl;s ?=! nfv @) xhf/b]lv ?=! nfv $% xhf/;Dd e'QmfgL ug'{
ldtJooL b]lvPg . o; k|sf/sf] a];nfOg ;e]{, dfO{u|];g DoflkË, sf]l/8f]/ kf]6]lG;on DoflkË cflbsf]
sfo{ ug]{ hgzlQm ;/sf/L If]qdf gePsf] eGg ;lsg] cj:yf /x]g . cfof]hgfn] vr{ k|lqmofdf
ldtJolotf Nofpg'kb{5 .
k]6«f]lnod cGj]if0f cfof]hgf
17. cGj]if0f sfo{ – g]kfndf k]6«f]lnod tyf k|fs[lts UofF; pTkfbg;DaGwL cfjZos sfo{ ug]{ p2]Zon]
@)$@ df of] cfof]hgf :yfkgf ePsf] b]lvG5 . ut ljut jif{df ePsf cWoog Pj+ cg';Gwfgsf
cfwf/df g]kfnsf] r'/] / t/fO{ If]qdf kg]{ :ynnfO{ ;d]6L k"j{b]lv klZrd;Dd !) k]6«f]lnod cGj]if0f
v08 tf]lsPsf] 5 . ljutdf k]6«f]lnod cGj]if0f ug{ ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o sDkgLx?;Fu ;Demf}tf ePsf]df
zflGt ;'/Iffsf] sf/0f b]vfO{ sfof{Gjog gu/]sfn]] ;Demf}tf /2 u/]sf]df xfn k]6«f]lnod cGj]if0f ug{ yk
s'g} sDkgL;Fu ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5}g . of] jif{ k]6«f]lnod cGj]if0f sfo{nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg lj:t[t
ef}ule{s ;]S;g d]h/d]G6sf] sfo{ bfªdf / gS;f ck8]6sf] sfo{ df]/ª, ;'g;/L, wgs'6f, Ko'7fg /
bfªdf u/]sf] kfOof] . cfof]hgf :yfkgf ePsf] # bzseGbf a9L x'Fbf klg of]hgfa4 tj/n] lj:t[t
cWoog cg';Gwfg sfo{ u/L k]6«f]lnod pTkfbg;DaGwL sfo{ x'g ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g . k]6«f]lnod kbfy{
cGj]if0f, cg';Gwfg / pTkfbg ug]{ sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'kb{5 .
ljz]if cfly{s If]q k|flws/0f
18. ;du| cj:yf – k|flws/0fcGtu{t !* ljz]if cfly{s If]q lgdf{0f ug{ ;DefJotf cWoog ePsf]df
xfn;Dd !) 7fpFsf] lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoog ul/Psf] 5 . lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoog ePsf dWo]
h'Dnf, lj/f6gu/, wgu9L, uf]/vf, g'jfsf]6 / g]kfnuGhdf hUuf pknAw gePsf] sf/0f cGo sfo{
cufl8 a9\g ;s]sf] 5}g . l;/xfdf lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoog x'Fb} u/]sf] 5 . lgdf{0ffwLg cj:yfdf
/x]sf dWo] e}/xjfdf lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg eO{ pBf]u :yfkgfsf] nflu k|:tfj dfu u/]sf]df o; jif{ @^
pBf]u :yfkgfsf] nflu hUuf pknAw u/fpg] sfo{ eP tfklg ;+/rgf lgdf{0f Pj+ pTkfbg sfo{ z'?
u/]sf] 5}g . l;d/f ljz]if cfly{s If]q :yfkgf sfo{ k|zf;lgs ejg, cfGtl/s ;8s nufotsf ef}lts
;+/rgf lgdf{0ffwLg cj:yfdf /x]sf]n] ;DkGg ePsf] 5}g . sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnfsf] kfFrvfndf ljz]if
cfly{s If]q lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ k|f/De ug{ k|zf;lgs ejgsf] nflu 7]Ssf Joj:yf ePsf]df ! xhf/ /f]kgL
If]qkmndWo] jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnon] ! x]S6/ If]qkmndf dfq ?v sf6\g cg'dlt lbPsf sf/0f
lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? x'g ;s]sf] b]lvPg . cfly{s jif{ @)%*.%( b]lv ljz]if cfly{s If]q :yfkgf ug]{ sfo{
z'? eP tfklg sfo{ k|ult ;Gtf]ifhgs gb]lvFbf ljz]if Wofg lbg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
19. /fh:j bflvnf – e}/xjf ljz]if cfly{s If]qsf] sfo{ ;DkGg e} pBf]u :yfkgfsf] nflu k|:tfj dfu
u/]sf]df o; jif{ @^ pBf]u :yfkgfsf] nflu k|:tfj k|fKt eO{ :jLs[lt k|bfg u/]sf] / ;f] k|flws/0fn]
cg'dlt b:t'/afkt ?=@% xhf/ sf b/n] ?=^ nfv %) xhf/ / # pBf]usf] e"–axfnafkt k|ltju{ld6/
?=@) sf b/n] ?=@@ nfv ^& xhf/;d]t hDdf ?=@( nfv ^* xhf/ w/f}6L vftfdf hDdf u/]sf] 5 .
ljsf; ;ldlt P]gcGtu{t :yflkt ;ldltsf] cfly{s sf/f]af/ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] Psn sf]if vftfdfkm{t
;~rfng ePsf]n] pQm /sd /fh:j vftfdf bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
20. ;]jf k|jfx – ljz]if cfly{s If]q P]g, @)&# sf] bkmf ## df ljz]if cfly{s If]qdf :yflkt pBf]u jf
nufgLstf{nfO{ Ps} :yfgaf6 ;]jf, ;'ljwf tyf ;x'lnot pknAw u/fpg Psåf/ OsfO{sf] :yfkgf ug]{
Joj:yf 5 . k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd pknAw x'g] 5'6, ;'ljwf jf ;x'lnot, k"jf{wf/;DaGwL ;]jf, pBf]u
Pj+ sDkgL btf{ / gjLs/0f, le;f;DaGwL sfo{nufot g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ pknAw u/fpg]
;]jf ;'ljwfx? Psåf/ OsfO{af6 pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf eP klg xfn;Dd Psåf/ OsfO{ :yfkgf gx'Fbf
nufgL stf{ ljleGg lgsfodf wfpg' k/]sf]n] ;]jf k|jfxdf sl7gfO pTkGg ePsf] 5 . Psåf/ OsfO{
u7g u/L ;]jf k|jfxdf ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
21. ;jf/L ef8f – ;fj{hlgs n]vf;ldltsf] @)^(.(.@ sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] 7]Ssfdf
;jf/L;fwg vl/b Pj+ ef8f ;dfj]z ug{ gx'g] lgb]{zg ePsf]df k|flws/0fn] Ps 7]Ssfdf !* dlxgfsf]
uf8L ef8f ?=$# nfv () xhf/ / csf]{ 7]Ssfdf !* dlxgfsf] 7f8L ef8f ?=$@ nfv &# xhf/sf]
nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/L af]nkq u/]sf]df Ps Joj;foL;Fu qmdzM ?=%$ nfv / ?=#^ nfv;d]t
?=() nfv -d"No clej[l4 s/ afx]s_ df ;Demf}tf u/L ;f]adf]lhd g} e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . gofF
;jf/L;fwg vl/b ug{ ;lsg] d"Nodf ;f] ;jf/L;fwg lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ g} lkmtf{ ug]{ u/L ef8f vr{
u/]sf] ldtJooL b]lvPg . o;/L ;fj{hlgs n]vf;ldltsf] lg0f{o ljk/Lt ef8fdf vr{ ug]{
kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
jfl0fHotk{m
22. gLlt sfof{Gjog – jfl0fHo gLlt, @)&@ / g]kfn PsLs[t Jofkf/ /0fgLlt,@)&# sf] sfof{Gjog
sfo{of]hgfcg'?k g]kfnaf6 lgof{t x'g] k|d'v j:t'x?dWo] cn}+rL, skmL, lrof, xft] sfuh, un}+rf,
klZdgf / x:tsnf lgof{t /0fgLlt tof/ Pj+ sfof{Gjog ug]{ pNn]v ePsf]df ;f] /0fgLlt tof/ u/L
sfof{Gjog ePsf] b]lvPg . ljZjljBfnox¿sf kf7\oqmddf ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gsf k|d'v ;Demf}tf
tyf sfo{k|0ffnL, g]kfnsf] Jofkf/;Da4 ;lGw ;Demf}tfx¿, ltgsf d'Vo k|fjwfg / lgof{t
k|j4{gnufotsf ljifox¿ ;dfj]z ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfo;Fu ;dGjo ul/g] pNn]v ul/P klg
tT;DaGwL sfo{ x'g ;s]sf] b]lvPg . Jofkf/ k|j4{g k|lti7fgnfO{ k|efjsf/L ;~rfng ug]{ /
k|lti7fgdfkm{t s[lifhGo j:t' / cGo j:t'x?sf] lgMz'Ns / ljZj;gLo ?kdf pTkltsf] k|df0fkq hf/L
ul/g] Joj:yf ldnfpg] tyf cfly{s cg'bfg lbg] pNNf]v ePsf]df pQm k|lti7fg :yfkgf ePsf] b]lvPg .
gLltdf plNnlvt Joxf]/f sfof{Gjogdf Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
23. nIo k|flKt – rf}wf}F of]hgf -@)&#.&$—@)&%.&^_ sf] pknlAw xfl;n ug{ o; jif{ ?=! va{ !@ ca{
lgsf;L ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df ? *! ca{ ## s/f]8dfq lgsf;L ePsf], s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgdf lgsf;L
#=* k|ltzt k'¥ofpg] nIo /x]sf]df @=& k|ltzt ePsf] / lgof{t cfoft cg'kft !M(=# df ;Lldt /fVg]
nIo /x]sf]df ;f]sf] cg'kft !M!%=# /x]sf], s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgdf Jofkf/ 3f6f #!=% k|ltztdf
;Lldt /fVg] nIo /x]sf]df #*=&& k|ltzt /x]sf]n] nIocg';f/ k|ult ePsf] b]lvPg . nIocg';f/
k|ult xfl;n ug{ ;dGjofTds 9Ën] sfo{ cufl8 a9fpg'kb{5 .
24. cfoft lgof{t l:ylt – s]Gb|n] pknAw u/fPsf] ljj/0f cg';f/ g]kfnsf] ljut # jif{sf] cfoft
lgof{tsf] cj:yf b]xfoadf]lhd 5M
-?=ca{df_
cfly{s jif{ lgof{t cfoft s'n Jofkf/ Jofkf/ 3f6f cg'kft
2072/073 71.14 781.15 852.29 710.01 !M!!
2073/074 74.12 985.95 1059.07 913.05 !M!#=%
2074/075 81.33 1245.19 1326.52 1163.86 !M!%=#
plNnlvt tflnsfcg';f/ cl3Nnf] jif{sf] t'ngfdf @)&#.&$ sf] lgof{t @=@( k|ltzt j[l4
ePsf]df @)&$.&% df !!=@# k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . To:t} cfoft @)&#.&$ df @^=@@ k|ltzt j[l4
ePsf]df @)&$.&% df @^=#) k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . To:t} cfoft lgof{t cg'kft kl5Nnf] # cfly{s jif{df
qmdzM !M!!, !M!#=% / !M!%=# /x]sf]n] cfoftsf] lx:;f al9/x]sf] 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% df lgof{t
!!=@# k|ltztn] j[l4 eP klg s'n Jofkf/df lgof{tsf] lx:;f cToGt Go"g /x]sf]n] lgof{t j[l4sf] k|efj
b]lvFb}g . To:t} @)&@.&# df Jofkf/ 3f6f ?=& va{ !) ca{ ! s/f]8 ePsf]df @)&$.&% df of] j[l4
eO{ ?=!! va{ ^# ca{ *^ s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . ut b'O{ cfly{s jif{sf] Jofkf/ 3f6f j[l4 k|ltzt ^#=(@
/x]sf] 5 .
lgof{tdf d'Vo e"ldsf /x]sf] pmgL un}Frfsf] lgof{t ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf @=() k|ltztn] 36]sf]
5 . tof/L kf]zfssf] lgof{t ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf !@ k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] 5 . ut jif{ cb'jfsf]
lgsf;Ldf ;a}eGbf a9L @!& k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] 5 t/ rfprfp, /f]lhg, sk8f, klZdgf ;n, g]kfnL
sfuh, ;'tLsf emf]nfsf] lgof{t !=% k|ltztb]lv !#=% k|ltzt;Dd 36]sf] 5 . kf]ln:6/ tyf ;'tLsf]
wfuf], kf]zfs, h8La'6L, h'6sf emf]nfnufot s]xL j:t'sf] lgof{tdf j[l4 eP tfklg plNnlvt ;fdfgsf]
s'n Jofkf/df gu0o lx:;f /x]sf]n] Jofkf/ ;Gt'ngdf k|efj kg{ ;s]sf] b]lvb}g . 7"nf] kl/df0fdf
lgof{t x'g ;Sg] j:t'sf] klxrfg u/L ;f]sf] pTkfbg tyf lgsf;L ul/Pdf dfq Jofkf/ ;Gt'ng sfod
x'g ;Sg] l:ylttkm{ dGqfnon] Wofg lbg'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
jfl0fHo ljefu
25. kmd{ btf{ tyf gjLs/0f – k|fO{e]6 kmd{ /lhi6«];g lgodfjnL, @)#$ sf] lgod # df jfl0fHo ;DaGwL
sf/f]af/ ug{ tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ lt/L k|fOe]6 kmd{ btf{ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . o; ljefu tyf cGt{utsf
sfof{nodf btf{ ePsf kmd{sf] ljj/0f b]xfoadf]lhd 5M
cfly{s jif{ ut jif{ ;Ddsf] btf{ o; cf=j=df btf{ gjLs/0f
2074/75 140942 15287 11712
2073/74 134015 6923 7483
2072/73 128074 5941 2773
2071/72 122953 5121 4554
2070/71 117312 5641 1128
2069/70 110123 7189 3245
pQm lgodfjnLcg';f/ btf{ ePsf] kmd{sf] cjlw % jif{sf] x'g] / pQm cjlw ;dfKt eP kl5
kmd{ ;~rfngnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg gjLs/0f u/fpg'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . lgodfjnLsf] Joj:yf cg';f/
@)^(.&) jf ;f]eGbf cufl8 btf{ ePsf ;a} kmd{ @)&$.&% ;Dd gjLs/0f e} ;Sg' kb{5 . ljefun]
xfn;Dd vf/]h ePsf kmd{sf] clen]v g/fv]sf]n] df}h'bf kmd{sf] ;+Vof olsg x'g ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g .
plNnlvt ljj/0fcg';f/ cfly{s jif{ @)^(.&) b]lv @)&$.&% ;Dd hDdf @& xhf/ ^%) kmd{
gjLs/0f ePsf] 5 . h'g s'n gjLs/0f ug'{kg]{ kmd{ ;+Vofsf] @% k|ltzt dfq xf] . ljefun] btf{
vf/]h ePsf / gjLs/0f gePsf kmd{sf] ;+Vof olsg u/L gjLs/0f a]u/ sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ug]{
kmd{nfO{ lgodfg';f/ sf/afxL ug'k{ b{5 .
Jofkf/ tyf lgsf;L k|j4{g s]Gb|
26. sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog – g]kfn PsLs[t Jofkf/ /0fgLltcGtu{t o; jif{ @)) ls;fgnfO{ @) xhf/
?b|fIfsf] la?jf ljt/0f, Ps nfv skmLsf] la?jf ljt/0f, 8f]Nkf, d':tfª\ / dgfªdf Rofª\u|fsf] e'jf
k|zf]wg d]l;g, 5fnf h'Qf agfpg] d]l;g, cb'jfsf] aLp, 8«fo/ d]l;g ljt/0f, !@) yfg ;]nf/ tyf
cn}+rL e§L lgdf{0f ug{] sfo{qmd /x]sf] b]lvof] . pQm sfo{qmdsf] nflu ?=# s/f]8 %) nfv ljlgof]hg
ePsf]df s'g} klg sfo{ ePsf] b]lvFb}g . cnF}rL e§L, ;]nf/ lgdf{0f / cb'jfsf] aLp ljt/0f ug{
ljlgof]hg ePsf] ah]6dWo] s[lif pBd s]Gb|nfO{ k|yd ls:tfafktsf] ?=! s/f]8 %) nfv pknAw
u/fPsf]df pQm ;+:yfn] tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] sfd u/]sf] gb]lvPsf]n] pQm /sd lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
27. pTklQ k|df0fkq – s]Gb|n] pTklQsf] k|df0fkq hf/L u/]afkt ;Íng x'g] z'Ns k|fKt ub}{cfPsf]df
@)^^.*.( sf] dGqL:t/Lo lg0f{ocg';f/ ef/t tyf t];|f] d'n's;d]tdf pTklQsf] k|df0fkq hf/L ubf{
lgof{t ul/g] dfnj:t'sf] d"Nodf k|lt ?=!)) sf] !@ k};fsf b/n] z'Ns c;'n ug]{ / c;'n ePsf]
/sddWo] pTkltsf] k|df0fkq hf/L ug]{ ;DalGwt lhNnf tyf lhNnf gu/ pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3n] %=%
k};f, g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3n] @=% k};f, ;DalGwt j:t'ut ;+3n] !=% k};f, ;DalGwt /fli6«o
;+3n] )=@ k};f, ;+:yfut ljsf;df )=% k};f, Jofkf/ tyf lgsf;L k|j4{g s]Gb|n] )=% k};f tyf g]kfn
pBf]u kl/;+3n] !=# k};f k|fKt ug]{ pNn]v 5 . pTkltsf] k|df0fkq hf/L ug{ lhDd]jf/L kfPsf g]kfn
pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 / g]kfn pBf]u kl/ifb\af6 plNnlvt afF8kmfF8cg';f/sf] /sd k|fKt ug'{kb{5 .
pTklQsf] k|df0fkqsf] z'Ns ;DaGwdf dGqfnoaf6 5fglag ;ldlt u7g eO{ k|ltj]bg k];
u/]sf] 5 . k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePcg';f/ @)^&.^* b]lv @)&$.&% j}zfv;Dd ?=%# s/f]8 () nfv &
xhf/ ;Íng ePsf] / pQm /sdsf] $=!& k|ltztn] x'g] ?=@ s/f]8 &^ nfv @$ xhf/ s]Gb|n] k|fKt
ug'{kg]{df xfn;Dd k|fKt ePsf] 5}g . s]Gb|n] k|fKt ug'{kg]{ /sd p7fpg tfs]tf gug]{ ;DalGwt
kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ /sd c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
28. a}Í df}Hbft – ;fljssf] :6fj]S; kl/of]hgf, 5fnf;DaGwL rqmsf]if, pmg tyf un}+rf ljsf;
;ldltnufotsf lgsfo ;dflxt u/L s]Gb| :yfkgf ePsf] b]lvG5 . s]Gb|df uflePsf ;+:yfsf]
tNsfnsf] rn crn ;DklQ, a}Í vftf tyf ;f]sf] df}Hbft;d]t x:tfGt/0f u/L PsLs[t cfo Joo
ljj/0f tof/ ug'{kg]{df ;f] u/]sf] b]lvPg . s]Gb|n] s]xL a}Í vftfsf] @)&@.&# sf] a}Í df}Hbftsf]
ljj/0f k]; u/]cg';f/ !# a}Í vftfdf ?=* s/f]8 *$ nfv ^) xhf/ df}Hbft lgliqmo /x]sf] 5 .
lgoldt ?kdf :f~rfngdf g/x]sf vftfsf] a}Í ljj/0f k|fKt ug{ u|fxs klxrfg kmf/fd eg'{kg]{df
ge/]sf] sf/0f s]xL vftfsf]] a}Í ljj/0f;d]t glnPsf]n] s]Gb|sf] jf:tljs a}Í df}Hbft olsg ePsf] 5}g .
s]Gb|sf] k|f/Deb]lv ;~rfngdf /x]sf a}Í vftfsf] sf/f]af/ cj:yf, aGb ul/Psf jf rfn' /x]sf
vftfsf] cfo Joo cj:yf ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L s]Gb|sf] jf:tljs cfo Joo olsg ug'{kb{5 .
g]kfn–ef/t If]qLo Jofkf/ tyf kf/jxg cfof]hgf
29. k|ult – g]kfn–ef/t Jofkf/ ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f, cfoft lgof{t sf]8sf] ljsf;, eG;f/
ljefu;Fusf] ;dGjodf g];gn l;+un lj08f]sf] ljsf;, 6«flG;kd]G6 k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; Pj+d\ pkof]u u/L
Jofkf/ ;xhLs/0f ub}{ ;du| Jofkf/ tyf kf/jxg nfutdf sdL Nofpg ljleGg sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng
ug]{ p2]Zocg'?k l;+un lj08f] lgdf{0fsf] nflu g]kfn–ef/t If]qLo Jofkf/ tyf kf/jxg cfof]hgfsf]
:yfkgf ePsf] xf] . pQm cfof]hgfcGtu{t cd]l/sL 8n/ (( ldlnog ;xof]u k|fKt x'g] / ;g\ @)!#
h'nfO{ !! df z'? eO{ @)!( l8;]Da/ #! df ;DkGg x'g] nIo /x]sf] 5 . o; cfof]hgfsf] ;xof]udf
eG;f/ ljefucGt{ut pko'{Qm sfdsf] nflu ?=! ca{ @( s/f]8 $& nfv ah]6 Joj:yf ePsf]df
xfn;Dd ?=!$ s/f]8 !^ nfv $% xhf/ -!)=($ k|ltzt_ sf] dfq sfo{ ePsf] b]lvG5 . To:t} g]kfn
Jofkf/ ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] nflu Jofkf/ tyf lgsf;L k|j4{g s]Gb|cGtu{t Jofkf/ kf]6{n
lgdf{0f ug{ 7]Ssf Joj:yf ePsf]df ;DkGg ePsf] b]lvFb}g . lgsf;LhGo j:t'x?sf] u'0f:t/ k|df0fLs/0f
ug{ ;'ljwf ;DkGg k|of]uzfnf lgdf{0f ug{ afnL ;+/If0f lgb]{zgfnocGt{ut ?=@) s/f]8 $) nfv #!
xhf/ ah]6 Joj:yf ePsf]df xfn;Dd ?=@ s/f]8 ^ nfv %# xhf/ -!)=!@ k|ltzt_ sf] dfq
sfo{;DkGg ePsf] b]lvPsf]n] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogdf cGt/lgsfo ;dGjo u/L ;DalGwt kbflwsf/LnfO{
lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
cfk"lt{tk{m
30. jflif{s gLlt÷sfo{qmd – o; jif{ /fli6«o vfB ;'/Iff e08f/df @% xhf/ d]l6«s 6g vfBfGg e08f/0f
ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df qmdzM !$=*% d]l6«s 6g vfB e08f/0f /x]sf] 5 . gAa] lbgsf] dfu wfGg ;Sg] u/L
;ft} k|b]zdf k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] e08f/0f u[x lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{qmddWo] o; jif{ # k|b]zdf e08f/0f u[x
lgdf{0f ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df ;DkGg ePsf] b]lvPg . ahf/ cg'udgtkm{ ^ xhf/ %)) k6s ;3g, b|"t
Pj+ lgoldt ahf/ cg'udg ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df $ xhf/ (!% k6s dfq cg'udg u/]sf] 5 . jflif{s
gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf tf]lsPsf sfo{x? ;Dkfbg ug'{kb{5 .
31. vfBfGg ljt/0f k|0ffnL – b'u{d If]qdf rfdn tyf g"g ;x'lnot b/df pknAw u/fpg ;/sf/n]
lglZrt lhNnf tyf If]q tf]sL rfdntkm{ lhNnfut cfwf/df g]kfn vfB ;+:yfgdfkm{t / g"gtkm{
k|ltJolQm k|ltjif{ ^ lsnf]u|fdsf b/n] sf]6f tf]sL g]kfn ;fN6 6]«l8ª skf]{/];gdfkm{t 9'jfgL ug]{ u/]sf]
5 . ;x'lnot b/df g"g tyf rfdn pknAw x'g] lhNnf tyf If]qsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ ;dfg k|s[ltsf
;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf ePsf ;b/d'sfd / oftfoftsf] kx'Fr gePsf b'u{d lhNnf tyf If]qdWo]
s]xLdf ;x'lnot b/df rfdn tyf g"gsf] cfk"lt{ ug]{ Joj:yf ePsf] / s]xLdf ;f] Joj:yf gePsf]
l:ylt b]lvof] . Pp6} lhNnfleq klg t'ngfTds ?kdf oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf ePsf :yfgdf vfBfGg
ljt/0f ug]{ Joj:yf ePsf] b]lvG5 eg] ;f]eGbf b'u{d :yfgdf ;f] Joj:yf ePsf] b]lvFb}g .
;fljsdf b'u{dIf]qsf] ?kdf juL{s/0f ul/Psf clwsf+z lhNnf tyf lhNnfsf ljleGg :yfgdf
;fj{hlgs oftfotsf] kx'Fr k'u]sf]n] lghL If]qaf6 ;d]t g"g tyf rfdnsf] laqmL ljt/0f e}/x]sf] 5 .
ctM ;x'lnot b/df g"g tyf rfdn ljt/0fsf] nflu xfn sfod ePsf lhNnfsf] oftfoftsf] kx'Fr,
:yfgLo pTkfbgdf ePsf] j[l4, hg;+Vofsf] rfk, hLjg:t/ ;"rsfÍ cflbsf] cfwf/df k'g/fjnf]sg
x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
32. hg;+Vof, sf]6f / vkt – ;x'lnot b/df g"g 9'jfgL u/L ljt/0f ug{ tf]lsPsf lhNnfdf g"g 9'jfgL cfk"lt{
ubf{ ;du| lhNnfsf] hg;+Vof pNn]v u/]sf] eP klg ljt/0f ug]{ l8kf]n] ;d]6\g] If]q / ;f]sf] hg;+Vof
pNn]v u/]sf] b]lvPg . ;DalGwt l8kf]n] ;d]6\g] If]q / hg;+Vof pNn]v gu/L g'g ljt/0f u/]sf] sf/0f
;DalGwt If]qsf] hg;+Vof cg';f/ x'g] sf]6feGbf a9L ljt/0f ePsf] l:ylt 5 . ;DalGwt l8kf]n] ;d]6\g]
hg;+Vof gv'n]sf sf/0f ;du| lhNnfsf] hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df u0fgf ubf{ ;d]t b]xfosf lhNnfdf
sf]6feGbf a9L g"g ljt/0f ePsf] cj:yf b]lvof]M
-kl/df0f lSjG6ndf_
l;=g+= lhNnf hg;+Vof lgwf{l/t sf]6f 9'jfgL ul/Psf] kl/df0f sf]6feGbf a9L 9'jfgL
1 ;+v'jf;ef 34155 2050 5141.50 3091.50
2 ;f]n'v'Da' 106772 6407 7836.90 1429.90
3 8f]Nkf 36701 2203 6535.00 4332.00
4 d'u' 55311 3319 3958.85 639.85
5 x'Dnf 51008 3060 5519.60 2459.60
6 c5fd 69097 4146 7780.00 3634.00
7 afh'/f 135506 8131 9750.00 1619.00
of] jif{sf] cf};t 9'jfgL b/sf] cfwf/df u0fgf ubf{ pko'{Qm tflnsfadf]lhd sf]6feGbf a9L
kl/df0f 9'jfgL tyf laqmL b]vfPsf]n] ?=# s/f]8 !& nfv $% xhf/ a9L vr{ ePsf] 5 . o;df
dGqfnon] ;DalGwt l8kf]sf] hg;+Vofcg';f/sf] sf]6f, 9'jfgL nfut, a9L laqmL kl/df0f ;DaGwdf
5fglag u/L a9L vr{ ePsf] /sd lkmtf{ ug'{kb{5 .
cfk"lt{ tyf pkef]Qmf lxt ;+/If0f ljefu
33. ahf/ cg'udg – pkef]Qmf ;+/If0f P]g, @)%$ sf] bkmf * adf]lhd pkef]Uo j:t' jf ;]jfsf]
cfk"lt{nfO{ Jojl:yt tyf lgolGqt ug]{ sfo{sf nflu o; ljefun] pkTosfleq tyf pkTosf aflx/
b'O{ lsl;dn] ahf/ cg'udg ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvof] . of] jif{ $ xhf/ (!% Jofkfl/s ;+:yfsf] cg'udg
u/]dWo] d"No;"rL /fVg tyf cBfjlws ug{ lgb]{zg lbPsf] (!$, ;fOg af]8{ /fVg lgb]{zg lbPsf] $(#,
gfk tf}nsf] k|df0fkq k]; ug{ tyf gfk tf}nsf] pks/0f /fVg lgb]{zg lbPsf] ! xhf/ #)@, vfB
cg'1fkq k]; ug{ lgb]{zg lbPsf] #^, ;/;kmfO{df ;'wf/ ug{ lgb]{zg lbPsf] ;+Vof $^# tyf d"No
clej[l4 s/ btf{ jf :yfoL n]vf gDa/ k|df0fkq lng / lan aLhs lng lbg lgb]{zg lbPsf] ;+Vof
&$( /x]sf] 5 . cg'udg u/L lbPsf] lgb]{zgcg';f/ ;'wf/ eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf ahf/ cg'udgnfO{
k|efjsf/L agfpg'kb{5 .
34. b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf] d"No lgodg – pkef]Qmf ;+/If0f P]g, @)&% sf] bkmf $-@_-3_ adf]lhd j:t' jf
;]jfsf pTkfbg laq]mtf jf ljt/sn] cjfl~5t tl/sfn] u/]sf] d"No lgwf{/0f jf j[l4nfO{ /f]Sg /
lgoGq0f ug{ cfjZos Joj:yf dGqfnon] ug]{ pNn]v 5 . ;f]xL Pg]sf] bkmf @-b_ df ;]jf eGgfn]

ljB't, vfg]kfgL, 6]lnkmf]g, ;"rgfk|ljlw ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg] pNn]v 5 . t;y{ 6]lnkmf]g ;]jfsf] d"No
lgwf{/0fsf] cg'udg dGqfnon] ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
g]kfndf @ 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf k|bfosn] b]ze/ df]afOn tyf 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf
5g\ eg] # 6]lnkmf]g ;]jfn] lglZrt If]qdf dfq ;]jf pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . s'g} klg j:t' tyf
;]jfsf] d"No lgwf{/0f ubf{ ;f] ;]jf ;~rfng ubf{ x'g] vr{, k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df ug'{kg]{ nufgL Pj+ ;f]sf]
nfut / lglZrt gfkmf ;dfj]z u/L lgwf{/0f ul/g'kb{5 . gfkmfsf] /sd lgwf{/0f ubf{ ;f]xL k|s[ltsf
;+:yfn] cGt/f{li6«o:t/df cfh{g ug]{ gfkmf;d]tsf cfwf/df d"No lgwf{/0f ug'kb{5 . g]kfndf b"/;~rf/
;]jfsf] d"Nolgwf{/0f ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0fn] v'nfahf/df k|lt:kwf{sf]
cfwf/df x'g] u/L z'Nssf] clwstd ;Ldf lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 tyflk pQm ;]jf k|bfosn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf]
b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf] d"Nodf gfkmfsf] lx:;f / ljZjsf ljleGg d'n'ssf b"/;~rf/ ;]jf k|bfosn] cfh{g
u/]sf] ;~rfng gfkmf -Aofh, s/, x|f; s§L / Pdf]6f{Oh];geGbf cl3sf] gfkmf_ sf] t'ngfTds l:ylt
b]xfoadf]lhd /x]sf] 5M
l;=g+= ;]jf k|bfos b]z ;~rfng gfkmf -k|ltzt s}lkmot
1 Ps 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf k|bfos cd]l/sf 30.06 ;]K6]Da/ @)!*
2 Ps sDo'lgs];g sDkgL cd]l/sf 34.17 ;]K6]Da/ @)!*
3 Ps 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf a]nfot 31.60 dfr{ @)!*
4 Ps 6]lnkmf]g u'|k o'/f]k 31.90 @)!&
5 Ps 6]lnsd sDkgL hd{gL 24.00 @)!&
6 Ps 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf k|bfos o'/f]k 33.33 dfr{ @)!&
7 Ps 6]lnsd sDkgL hfkfg 30.90 d] @)!*
8 Ps 6]lnsd sDkgL hfkfg 31.70 dfr{ @)!*
9 Ps 6]lnsd sDkgL rLg 31.50 h"g @)!*
10 Ps u'|k sDkgL dn]l;of 37.80 @)!& xf]lN8ª s+= Pg;]n
11 Ps 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf k|bfos ef/t 36.40 h"g @)!*
12 Ps 6]lnsd sDkgL g]kfn 58.00 @)&$.&% sf] ljQLo ljj/0f
13 Ps lghL 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf k|bfos g]kfn 62.40 ljQLo ljj/0f cg';f/
pko'{Qm cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ubf{ ljZjsf ljleGg d'n'sx?sf b"/;~rf/ ;]jf k|bfossf]
;~rfng gfkmf @$ b]lv #&=* k|ltzt;Dd /x]sf]df g]kfnsf ;]jfk|bfossf] ;~rfng gfkmf %* b]lv
^@ k|ltzt;Dd /x]sf]n] tL ;]jf k|bfosn] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jfsf] d"No lgwf{/0fdf gfkmfsf] c+z clws /x]sf]
5 . o;/L ;~rfng gfkmfdf cToflws cGt/ x'g'sf] cf}lrTotf ;DaGwdf lgodgsf/L lgsfon]
ljZn]if0f u/]sf 5}gg\ . ;j{;fwf/0fn] dx+uf] d"Nodf ;]jf lng' kbf{ pkef]Qmfsf] lxt ;+/If0f x'g ;s]sf]
5}g . o:tf ;]jf k|bfossf] d"No lgwf{/0fsf] cfwf/af/] ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfno tyf g]kfn
b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0fsf] ;dGjodf lg/Gt/ cg'udg u/L u'0f:t/ / d"No lgodg ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
;+ul7t ;+:yf, ;ldlt
a'6jn wfuf] sf/vfgf lnld6]8, @)&$.&%
35. ljQLo l:ylt tyf ;~rfng glthf – of] sf/vfgf @)^$ ;fnb]lv aGb /x]sf] 5 . sf/vfgfsf]
@)&$.&% ;Dd z]o/ k'FhL ?=#& s/f]8 #! nfv, ;l~rt gf]S;fgL ?=! ca{ *) s/f]8 &) nfv /
hDdf bfloTj tyf Joj:yf ?=! ca{ %# s/f]8 &% nfv /x]sf] 5 . l:y/ ;DklQ ?=* s/f]8 @$ nfv /
rfn' ;DklQ ?= @ s/f]8 !@ nfv;d]t hDdf ;DklQ ?=!) s/f]8 #^ nfv /x]sf] 5 . ut jif{ ?=#
s/f]8 %& nfv gf]S;fg /x]sf]df o; jif{ ?=# s/f]8 $& nfv gf]S;fg ePsf] 5 . sf/vfgfsf]
@)&#.&$ df C0ffTds g]6jy{ ?=! ca{ #( s/f]8 #! nfv /x]sf]df o; jif{ ?=! ca{ $# s/f]8 #(
nfv k'u]sf] 5 . sf/vfgfsf] ;~rfng ;DaGwdf j}slNks lg0f{o lng' pko'Qm b]lvG5 .

g]kfn cfon lgud lnld6]8, @)&$.&%
b]ze/ k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] cfoft, 9'jfgL, e08f/0f / ljt/0f ug]{ p2]Zon] @)@& ;fndf lgudsf]
:yfkgf ePsf] xf] . lguddf ;/sf/sf] (*=#^ k|ltzt, g]zgn 6]«l8ª lnld6]8sf] )=&* k|ltzt, /fli6«o aLdf
;+:yfgsf] )=$& k|ltzt, g]kfn a}Í lnld6]8sf] )=@# k|ltzt / /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}Ísf] )=!^ k|ltzt ;]o/
:jfldTj /xsf] 5 . lgudcGtu{t kfFr If]qLo / tLg zfvf sfof{no, kfFr xjfO{ OGwg l8kf], tLg xjfO{ OGwg
l/lkmlnª :6];g /x]sf 5g\ . lgud;Fu ^* xhf/ #*$ lsnf]ln6/ k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] e08f/0f Ifdtf /x]sf] 5 .
lgudsf] @)&$.&% df k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ cfoft, vkt / df}Hbftsf] l:ylt tyf cf};t vl/b Pj+ laqmL b/
b]xfoadf]lhd 5 M
k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ OsfO{ cfoft kl/df0f vkt kl/df0f df}Hbft kl/df0f vl/b b/ ? laqmL b/ ?=
xjfO{ OGwg ln6/ 19,74,00,000 19,45,80,292 95,64,417 54 89
k]6«f]n ln6/ 48,81,68,000 48,59,89,520 78,03,897 54 87
l8h]n ln6/ 1,58,65,06,000 1,60,14,28,442 2,98,04,286 57 69
d§Lt]n ln6/ 2,23,00,000 2,23,43,035 15,84,051 55 78
Pn kL hL d]l6«s 6g 3,76,512 3,75,140 1,372 67,930 64,770
36. ljQLo l:ylt / ;~rfng glthf – lgudsf] k'FhL ?=@( s/f]8 @$ nfv, hu]8f sf]if tyf ;l~rt
gfkmf ?=!$ ca{ $& s/f]8 $( nfv, d"No l:y/Ls/0f sf]if ?=^ ca{ #$ s/f]8 %( nfv, rfn' bfloTj
?=!& ca{ & s/f]8 $# nfv, rfn' ;Dklt ?=#! ca{ ** s/f]8 ^ nfv tyf l:y/ ;DklQ ?=^ ca{ @@
s/f]8 (( nfv, lgdf{0f sfo{ k|ult ?=% s/f]8 (@ nfv, nufgL ?=! s/f]8 &* nfv /x]sf] 5 . To:t}
@)&$.&% df lgudsf] s'n laqmL ?=! va{ (% ca{ ($ s/f]8 @$ nfv, laqmL nfut ?=! va{ *& ca{
#& s/f]8 ^$ nfv, k|zf;lgs / cGo vr{ ?=$ ca{ @^ s/f]8 *$ nfv, af]g; Joj:yf ?=$ s/f]8
*) nfv /xL s/ cl3sf] gfkmf ?=$ ca{ &( s/f]8 ^$ nfv / s/ Joj:yf kl5sf] gfkmf ?=# ca{ %*
s/f]8 &$ nfv /x]sf] 5 .
37. cg'kft ljZn]if0f – lgudsf] of] jif{sf] ljQLo cj:yf / ;~rfng glthfnfO{ ljut jif{sf] ljQLo
cj:yf / ;~rfng glthf;Fu t'ngf u/L cg'kft ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . h;cg';f/ k|d'v cg'kftx?df
;DklQ / cfDbfgL cg'kft ut jif{ $)=(! k|ltzt /x]sf]df of] jif{ pNn]Vo sdL cfO{ @)=#^ k|ltzt
/x]sf] kfOof] . k'FhL nufgLdf ;~rfng gfkmfsf] cj:yf ut jif{ *)=)% k|ltzt /x]sf]df of] jif{ sdL
cfO{ @)=!# k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5 . To:t} rfn' ;DklQ / rfn' bfloTjsf] cj:yf ut jif{ !=%* /x]sf]df of]
jif{ s]xL j[l4 eO{ !=*& k'u]sf] 5 . rfn' bfloTjdf gub / laqmL of]Uo lwtf]kqsf] cj:yf x]g]{ gub
cg'kft ut jif{ )=*& u'0ff /x]sf]df of] jif{ )=(( /x]sf] 5 . rfn' ;DklQaf6 rfn' bfloTj 36fpFbf
v'b rfn' k'FhLsf] km/s ut jif{ ?=( ca{ !% s/f]8 /x]sf]df of] jif{ pNn]Vo j[l4 eO{ ?=!$ ca{ *!
s/f]8 k'u]sf] b]lvof] . s"n gfkmf cg'kft ut jif{ !!=)& k|ltzt /x]sf]df of] jif{ pNn]Vo sdL cfO{
$=#& k|ltzt k'u]sf] b]lvG5 .
38. cg'bfg – rLg ;/sf/n] cg'bfgdf lbPsf] k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] d"No /;'jfu9L eG;f/ sfof{non] ?=^
s/f]8 @& nfv d"NofÍg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm /sd xfn;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5}g .
pQm /sd g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ lkmtf{ u/L lx;fa /fkm;fkm ug'{kb{5 .
39. sd{rf/L sNof0fsf/L sf]if – af]g; P]g, @)#) sf] bkmf !# df af]g; afF8kmfF8kl5 afFsL /x]sf]
af]g;sf] &) k|ltzt >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf #& cg';f/ :yfkgf ePsf] /fli6«o sd{rf/L sNof0fsf/L
sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{ kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . lgudn] @)^@.^# b]lv /fli6«o sNof0fsf/L sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{kg]{ ?=
!! s/f]8 %! nfv hDdf gu/L Jofkl/s tyf cGo e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{ zLif{sdf b]vfPsf] 5 . bfloTjdf
b]vfPsf] pQm /sd sNof0fsf/L sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{kb{5 .
40. k]6«]lnod kbfy{ gf]S;fgL – ;~rfns ;ldltn] lj/f6gu/, yfgsf]6 / l;gfd+unsf] k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf]
e08f/0f gf]S;fgL lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 . ;ldltn] l;gfd+un l8kf]df xjfO{ OGwgsf] gf]S;fgL )=^@
k|ltzt tf]s]sf]df sfo{sf/L lgb]{zsn] ;ldltsf] :jLs[lt a]u/ )=*% k|ltzt tf]s]sf] kfOof] . o; jif{
yfgsf]6, l;gfd+un / e}/xjfdf ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] e08f/0f eGbf a9L gf]S;fgL b]vfPsf] cf};t laqmL
d"Nocg';f/ x'g] ?=# s/f]8 ^% nfv c;'n ug'k{ b{5 .
41. d"No l:y/Ls/0f sf]if – k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ tyf UofF; d"No l:y/Ls/0f sf]if lgodfjnL, @)&! sf] lgod
# sf] pklgod @ sf] v08 -Uf_ df @)&$.@.@( df ePsf] ;+zf]wgcg';f/ ;a} k|sf/sf k]6«f]lnod
kbfy{sf] laqmL d"Nosf] ! k|ltzt a/fa/ x'g cfpg] /sd d"No l:y/Ls/0f sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf
5 . ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] clwstd v'b|f las|L d"No eGbf k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] nfut d"No 36L jf
a9L h] eP klg ! k|ltzt yk u/L pkef]Qmfaf6 c;'n u/L sf]ifdf hDdf ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . sf]ifdf
jiff{Gtdf ?=^ ca{ #$ s/f]8 %( nfv df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 . nfuteGbf laqmL d"No a9L ePsf] cj:yfdf
sf]ifdf /sd hDdf ug]{ / laqmL d"NoeGbf nfut a9L ePsf] cj:yfdf pQm sf]ifaf6 zf]wegf{ lng] u/L
Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 . ;fy} gfkmfsf] /sdaf6 sf]if v8f ug'{kg]{df laqmL d"Nodf yk u/L k|fKt
/sdaf6 sf]if v8f ug{ pko'Qm xf]Og .
42. af]g; Joj:yf – af]g; lgodfjnL, @)#( sf] lgod ^ df g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]lslbPsf] If]qdf
Psflwsf/ kfO{ Jofkf/ ug{ v8f ePsf] k|lti7fgn] ;/sf/n] tf]lslbPsf] k|ltztn] x'g] /sd af]g;
afkt 5'6\ofpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . af]g; P]g, @)#) sf] bkmf (-@_ df cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] cf7
dlxgf leq af]g; ljt/0f ug'{kg]{ / bkmf (-#_ df pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw leq af]g; ljt/0f
ug{ g;Sg] sf/0f ;lxt lgj]bg u/]df a9Ldf tLg dlxgfsf] Dofb a9fO{ lbg] jf csf]{ cfly{s jif{df Ps}
;fy b'O{ jif{sf] af]g; afF8\g] u/L :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . lgudn] of] jif{ v'b gfkmfsf] !
k|ltztn] x'gcfpg] ?=$ s/f]8 *) nfv af]g; Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 eg] ljut @)^%.^^ b]lvsf] Joj:yf
?= # ca{ !# s/f]8 $# nfv cy{ dGqnfoaf6 @)&).*.@$ / @)&#.#.#! df hf/L u/]sf] lgb]{zg
kfngf geO{ ljt/0f ug{ g;sL bfloTjdf /fv]sf] 5 . af]g; P]gcg';f/ pQm /sd xfn ljt/0f ug{
ldNg] gb]lvPsf]n] k'gM lgudsf] cfodf n]vfÍg ug'{kb{5 .
OG6/df]8n oftfoft ljsf; ;ldlt
b]zdf :yndfu{af6 x'g] cfoft lgof{tsf] ;xhLs/0fsf nflu ;'Vvf aGb/ufxsf] ;DEffJotf cWoog,
lgdf{0f, tyf ;~rfng ug]{ u/fpg] p2]Zon] ljsf; ;ldlt P]g, @)!# cGt{ut OG6/df]8n oftfoft ljsf;
;ldlt :yfkgf eO{ ;~rfngdf /x]sf] 5 .
43. sfo{;Dkfbg l:ylt – b]zdf :yndfu{af6 x'g] cfoft lgof{tsf] ;xhLs/0fsf] nflu ;'Vvf aGb/ufxsf]
;DefJotf cWoog, lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfng ug]{ p2]Zon] ljsf; ;ldlt P]g, @)!# cGtu{t @)%$
;fndf ;ldltsf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . rLg ;/sf/af6 6g{ sL k|f]h]S6cGtu{t lgdf{0f x'g] /;'jfu9L
;'Vvf aGb/ufxsf] l8hfOg sfo{ ;dfKt e} 7]Ssf k|lqmofdf /x]sf] / tftf]kfgL ;'Vvf aGb/ufx lgdf{0f
clGtd r/0fdf k'u]sf] 5 . ;ldltcGtu{t ;'Vvf aGb/ufxsf] ;'wf/ Pj+ lj:tf/tk{m jL/uGhdf sfof{no
ejg / uf]bfd3/ lj:tf/ sfo{, e}/xjfdf sfof{no ejg lgdf{0f tyf sf7df8f}+F rf]ef/df ;'Vvf
aGb/ufx, sfof{no Pj+ cfjf; ejg lgdf{0f sfo{ ;d]t ug{ of] jif{ ?=#* s/f]8 *) nfv vr{ ePsf]
5 . of] jif{ ;DkGg ug]{ nIo /flvPsf] dN6L df]8n P]g lgdf{0f, O{=8L=cfO{= ejg lgdf{0f gePsf],
jL/uGh ;'Vvf aGb/ufxsf] /]nj] lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{sf] sDkgL 5gf}6 x'g g;s]sf], sfs8le§f 6ld{gn
d]g]hd]G6 lgdf{0fdf @% k|ltztdfq k|ult ePsf], sf]/f]nf gfsfdf ;'Vvf aGb/ufxsf] ;DefJotf
cWoogsf] k|:tfj d"NofÍg e}/x]sf] 5 . sf7df8f}Fsf] rf]ef/df ;'Vvf aGb/ufx lgdf{0f sfo{ 7]Ssf ePsf]
* dlxgf JotLt eO{ sfd ;DkGg ug{ !) dlxgf afFsL /xFbf e/v/ lznfGof; ug]{ sfo{ ePsf] 5 .
nIocg';f/ sfo{;Dkfbg ug'{kb{5 .
44. lgliqmo df}Hbft – g]kfn ;/sf/af6 7"nf ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg u/L ;~rfngsf nflu o;
;ldltnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug]{ / ;ldltn] ef}lts ;+/rgf ef8fdf nufO{ cfo cfh{g ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . ef}lts
;+/rgfsf] ef8faf6 k|fKt /sddWo] !# k|ltzt;Dd dfq vr{ eO{ of] jif{sf] cGTo;Dd ;ldltsf]
vftfdf ?=! ca{ @^ s/f]8 &@ nfv art /x]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] C0f lnO{ lgdf{0f u/]sf ef}lts
;+/rgfsf] axfnaf6 k|fKt cfo ;ldltsf] vftfdf lgliqmo ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . ;ldltsf] cfoaf6 yk
ef}lts ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug]{ jf k|fKt cfo g]kfn ;/sf/sf] /fh:j vftfdf bflvnf ug]{ ;DaGwdf :ki6
gLlt agfpg'kg]{ Joxf]/f ut jif{sf] k|ltj]bgdf ;d]t cf}FNofPsf]df ;'wf/ ePsf] 5}g .
cg'udg tyf a]?h"
 cg'udg – pBf]u ljefu / 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]udf btf{ ePsf pBf]ux?dWo] ;~rfngdf /x]sf / g/x]sf
pBf]usf] cBfjlws cj:yf v'nfpg'kg]{, t];|f] d'n's lgof{tstf{ Jofkfl/snfO{ gub k|f]T;fxg ljt/0f ug{
g]kfn /fi6« a}ÍnfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] afFsL /sd jiff{Gtdf /fh:j bflvnf ug'{kg]{df gu/L csf]{ jif{ vr{
u/]sf], dlxnf pBdzLntf shf{ sf]ifsf] C0f nufgL / c;'nLsf] l:ylt v'nfpg'kg]{df gv'nfPsf] nufotsf
Joxf]/f ut jif{ cf}FNofPsf]df ;'wf/ ePsf] kfOPg . ljutsf Joxf]/f k'g/fj[lQ gx'g] u/L sfo{;Dkfbg
ug'{kb{5 .
 a]?h" l:ylt – of] jif{ dGqfno / dftxt;d]tsf lgsfosf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] a]?h"sf] l:ylt b]xfo
cg';f/ 5M
 ;/sf/L sfof{notk{m ^& lgsfodf ?=$! s/f]8 *@ nfv !& xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg
pknAw u/fPkl5 ?=!* s/f]8 @@ nfv %( xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=@# s/f]8 %( nfv %* xhf/
afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=!! s/f]8 $ nfv &( xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f
cg';"rL !% df 5 .
 ;ldlttk{m $ lgsfodf ?=!# s/f]8 $^ nfv ^* xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg pknAw
u/fPkl5 ?=!# nfv @! xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=!# s/f]8 ## nfv $& xhf/ afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo]
?=!! s/f]8 ^ xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL !^ df 5 .

pmhf{, hn;|f]t tyf l;FrfO dGqfno
dGqfnosf] sfo{If]qdf l;FrfO / hn pTkGg k|sf]k;DaGwL PsLs[t sfg'g th'{df, u'?of]hgf lgdf{0f,
cWoog cg';Gwfg / ;dGjo ug]{ tyf hn;|f]t / pmhf{sf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg, lgodg / k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ug]{
nufotsf sfo{ /x]sf] 5 . dGqfno ;d]t !(* lgsfoaf6 ;]jf k|jfx xF'b} cfPsf] 5 .
dGqfno / dftxtsf lgsfosf] of] jif{ ljlgof]hg ?=^) ca{ @& s/f]8 &% nfv, /fhZj ?=# ca{ $&
s/f]8 !) nfv / w/f}6L ?=^ ca{ &# s/f]8 !^ nfv tyf cGo sf/f]af/ ?=!) ca{ %* s/f]8 ^& nfvsf]
n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . dGqfno dftxt ;+ul7t ;+:yf tyf ;ldlt;d]tsf] ?=% ca{ *^ s/f]8 $(
nfv;d]t ?=*! ca{ ^ s/f]8 ^( nfvsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6
b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
1. gLlt sfof{Gjog – hn;|f]t /0fgLlt, @))@ df pNn]v ePcg';f/ l;FrfO tyf s[lifsf] PsLs/0f tyf
;dGjo x'g g;s]sf], hg;xeflutf sd /x]sf], l;FrfO z'Ns Go"g p7]sf], cfof]hgf dd{t x'g g;Sbf
l;FrfO Ifdtf 36]sf], k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fdf u'0f:t/ sfod x'g g;s]sf]n] gLlt sfof{Gjog sdhf]/ b]lvPsf]
5 . hUuf PsLs/0f sfo{nfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg], e"ldut kfgLsf] ljsf; ug]{, PsLs[t hn;|f]t gLlt hf/L
ug]{, e"ldut hn;|f]tsf] lgodg ug]{, hn pTkGg k|sf]k Joj:yfkg sfo{ ck]Iffcg'?k x'g g;s]sf],
l;FrfO P]gsf] cefjdf l;Flrt If]q 3f]if0ff ug{ g;s]sf] / pkef]Qmf ;+:yfx?sf] k|efjsfl/tf Go"g /x]sf]
b]lvPsf] 5 . To:t} hn pTkGg k|sf]k Joj:yfkg gLlt, @)&@ cg';f/ @& gbLsf] u'?of]hgf tof/ u/]
klg sfof{Gjog gu/]sf], hn pTkGg k|sf]k lgoGq0f tyf Joj:yfkgdf lghL If]q / ;xsf/LnfO{
;xefuL u/fpg] / hn pTkGg k|sf]k Joj:yfkg If]qsf] cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg]
gLltx? sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf 5}gg\ . sfo{of]hgf agfO{ gLlt sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
2. rf}wf}F of]hgf – rf}wfF} lq–jifL{o of]hgfcg';f/ @)&$.&% sf] jflif{s ljsf; sfo{qmddf pNn]v ul/Psf
sfo{qmddWo] ;tx l;FrfO cfof]hgfaf6 * xhf/ ^ ;o !) x]S6/ l;FrfO ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df $@
k|ltzt, gofF k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t l;FrfO sfo{qmdaf6 $ xhf/ @%) x]S6/ l;FrfO ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df #)
k|ltzt dfq k|ult ePsf] 5 . hn pTkGg k|sf]k Joj:yfkgtkm{ #( nfv ## xhf/ lbg /f]huf/L
l;h{gf ug'{kg]{df k|ult g} gePsf], sGsfO pRr afFw cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmd ;~rfng gu/]sf],
sfnLu08sL ltgfp 8fOe;{g cfof]hgfsf] lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoog gePsf], hn tyf df};d
lj1fgcGtu{t u'0f:t/Lo dfkg k|0ffnL / df};d k"jf{g'dfg e/kbf]{ / ljZjflznf] ePsf] kfOPg .
of]hgfsf] nIocg'?k cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
3. ah]6 jStJosf] sfof{Gjog – cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% sf] ah]6 jQmJodf pNn]v ePcg';f/ # l;FrfO
dd{t ;Def/ cfof]hgf k|b]zdf x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] 5}g . :jrflnt hn;tx dfkg s]Gb| &) :yfgdf
h8fg ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df #* :yfgdf dfq h8fg u/]sf] 5 . ah]6 jStJodf pNn]v ul/Psf ljifox?
k|efjsf/L ?kn] sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
4. ;+u7g ;+/rgf – dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ ;+3Lo :j?kdf ;+u7g k'g;{+/rgf ubf{ dGqfno
dftxtsf !@@ lgsfo vf/]hL tyf cGo sfof{nodf uflePkl5 dGqfno dftxt Ps cfof]u, # ljefu,
! s]Gb|, /fli6«o uf}/jsf $ ;d]t ^) cfof]hgf tyf sfof{no /x]sf 5g\ . dlGqkl/ifb\n] dGqfno
dftxt /xg] / k|b]zdf x:tfGt/0f ug]{ sfof{nox? lgwf{/0f u/L sfof{Gjog eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf @)&%
>fj0f kl5 ;+3Lo ;/sf/cGtu{t k'gM % cfof]hgf tyf sfof{no :yfkgf u/]sf] 5 . ;+3 dftxtsf
sfof{no x:tfGt/0fkl5 k'gM ;+3Lo sfof{no :yfkgf ul/g'n] ;+u7g k'g;{+/rgf oyfy{tfdf cfwfl/t
/x]sf] kfOPg . vf/]hLdf k/]sf lgsfox?sf] ;DklQ k|b]z ;/sf/ jf tf]lsPsf cGo lgsfox?nfO{
x:tfGt/0f ug'{kg]{df u/]sf] 5}g .
5. of]hgfa]u/ sfd – gbL lgoGq0f sfo{qmdsf] nflu z'? ah]6 ?=% ca{ %$ s/f]8 ljlgof]hg u/]sf]df
;f]sf] ** k|ltzt cyf{t\ ?=$ ca{ *% s/f]8 /sdfGt/af6 yk u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;DefJotf cWoog,
8«Oª, l8hfOg tyf nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/L ;DalGwt lgsfox?sf] dfusf] cfwf/df cy{ dGqfnon]
ah]6 lgsf;f lbg'kg]{df ah]6 ;'lglZrttf gul/Psf, ;DalGwt sfof{non] dfu gu/]sf gofF / ;–;fgf
sfdsf] nflu @)&%.#.! b]lv @! ut];Dd ^ sfof{nonfO{ sdnf, vfF8f] / lemd?s gbL tyf df]/ª /
dsjfgk'/sf vf]nfx?sf] cfktsfnLg gbL lgoGq0f ug{ Pp6} sfof{nonfO{ ?=@) s/f]8;d]t ?=%&
s/f]8 @% nfv yk lgsf;f lbPsf] 5 . pQm sfd ;f] cjlwdf 7]Ssf Pj+ pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 ;d]t
u/fpg ;Dej b]lvFb}g . k|To]s jif{ cfiff9 dlxgfdf gbL lgoGq0f sfo{df 7"nf] /sd vr{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5
eg] s]xL gbLx?df x/]s jif{ gbL lgoGq0f sfo{df vr{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o;/L jiff{Gtdf lgsf;f dfu
ug]{, lgsf;f lbg] / vr{ ug]{ clwsf/Lx?nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ a9L hf]lvdo'Qm If]qnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{
cfly{s jif{sf] z'?b]lv of]hgfa4 / Jojl:yt ?kn] sfd ug'{kb{5 . dGqfnon] gbL lgoGq0f tyf gbLsf]
sf/0f hf]lvddf /x]sf a:tL :yfgfGt/0f;DaGwL
sfo{of]hgf agfO{ sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 . of] jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 d'VotM l;FrfO /
hnpTkGg k|of]u Joj:yfkg gLlt,
6. kfgLsf] pknAwtf – sf]zL / u08s of]hgfx?af6 hn;|f]t /0fgLlt / ah]6 sfof{Gjog
tf]lsPsf] kl/df0fdf kfgL k|fKt ug]{ u/L ef/t cf+lzs ePsf], kfgLsf] pknAwtf sd
;/sf/;Fu ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ sf]zL ePsf], of]hgfa]u/ cfly{s jif{sf] cGTodf
klZrd gx/af6 &@) So';]s kfgL k|fKt x'g'kg]{df sd vr{ u/]sf], u'0f:t/ Joj:yfkg sdhf]/
k|fKt ePsf], u08s klZrd gx/af6 #)) So';]s kfgL /x]sf], cw'/f 7]Ssfx? /x]sf], ;f]e}m vl/b
k|fKt x'g'kg]{df c;f/ dlxgfdf lnPsf] gfkcg';f/ (@ u/]sf], ljB't /f]oN6L sd c;'n ePsf],
b]lv @!# So';]s dfq k|fKt ePsf] b]lvG5 . lxpFbdf cg'dltkqsf] cg'udg k|efjsf/L gePsf],
k|fKt x'g] kfgL To;eGbf klg sd /x]sf] 5 . d"n d"No ;dfof]hg e'QmfgL a9L lbPsf],
gx/af6 kfgL cfpg]] /]u'n]6/sf tLg 9f]sfdWo] ! 9f]sf k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ gnufPsf], gx/
;~rfng gePsf], pkef]Qmf ;ldlt /
z'?b]lv g} aGb /x]sf]n] klg g]kfntkm{ tf]lsPcg';f/ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfaf6 lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fPsf],
kfgL k|fKt ePsf] 5}g . o; of]hgfsf] sdf08 If]q $) cfktsfnLg gbL lgoGq0f sfo{ Jojl:yt
xhf/ Ps8 /x] tfklg !% xhf/ Ps8df sdf08 If]q gePsf], gD;{ :jLs[t / k|of]u
ljsf; u/]sf] 5}g . To;}u/L u08s k"jL{ gx/af6 lgodljk/Lt u/]sf], slG6Gh]G;L vr{
gf/fo0fL l;FrfO of]hgfsf] nflu *%) So';]s kfgL k|fKt clgoldt ?kn] u/]sf], a9L vr{ e'QmfgL
x'g'kg]{df l;FrfO Joj:yfkg l8lehgaf6 k|fKt @)&$ lbPsf], vl/b ;Demf}tf ;+zf]wg cf}lrTok"0f{
c;f/ / >fj0fsf] kfgLsf] ljj/0f cg';f/ clwsf+z ;do gb]lvPsf], l;S6fsf] k'n gx/df Iflt
&)) So';]seGbf sd kfgL k|fKt ePsf] 5 . o; ePsf], afnL ;3gtf l:ylt sdhf]/ /x]sf],
of]hgfn] sdf08 If]qsf] /f}tx6 lhNnfdf l;FrfO ;'ljwf lgdf{0f sfo{sf] tof/L k|efjsf/L gePsf],
k|bfg ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . tf]lsPcg';f/sf] kfgL k|fKt u/L hg;xeflutf sd ePsf], lj:t[t
l;FrfO ;'ljwfdf j[l4 ug'{kb{5 . ;DefJotf cWoog ;f]e}m u/fPsf], of]hgf
5gf}6 tyf :jLs[lt /Ltk"j{s gePsf],
7. u'0f:t/ Joj:yfkg – ;fj+hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, of]hgf x:tfGt/0f gu/]sf] nufot Joxf]/f
@)^$ sf] lgod !!! cg';f/ vl/b ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog b]lvPsf]n] ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
ubf{ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f tyf lg/LIf0f u/L
e'QmfgL lbg'kb{5 . To;}u/L lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ul/Psf ;Demf}tfx?sf] :k]l;lkms];gdf l;d]G6, lu6L,
afn'jf, 808L, 9'Ëf / cGo ;fdu|Lx?sf] u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f ;DaGwdf
b]lvPsf k|d'v Joxf]/fx? b]xfoadf]lhd 5g\M
7.1. dftxt sfof{nox?af6 ;Dkfbg x'g] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] u'0f:t/ lgoGq0fsf] cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ug]{
lhDd]jf/L gtf]s]sf], u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f ug]{ Nofa, hgzlQm tyf pks/0fx? kof{Kt gePsf] / s]xL
cfof]hgfx?df :yfkgf ul/Psf Nofadf u'0f:t/ k/LIf0fsf] cf+lzs ;'ljwfdfq /x]sf]n] :k]l;lkms];gdf
pNn]v ul/Psf] k|sf/ / ;+Vofdf u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f u/]sf] b]lvFb}g . u'0f:t/ lgoGq0fsf] nflu cfjZos
kg]{ :6fG88{ :k]l;lkms];g tof/ ug'{kg]{df u/]sf] 5}g .
7.2. l;FrfO ljsf; l8lehg d':tfªn] :k]l;lkms];gcg';f/ s+lqm6 So'j tyf 6]G;fOn k/LIf0fa]u/ $ lgdf{0f
Joj;foLnfO{ ?=(! nfv %! xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . k|uGgf tyf j8\sfky l;FrfO cfof]hgf, ndxL /
l;FrfO ljsf; l8lehg, bfªn] !!* pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 l;FrfO of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fO{ ?=%!
s/f]8 ! nfv &* xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf]df ;Demf}tfdf u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f ug]{ Joj:yf g} u/]sf] 5}g eg]
#! lgdf{0f Joj;foLåf/f u/fOPsf] 7]Ssfsf] sfo{df ?=@* s/f]8 %@ nfv * xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf]df
hL=cfO{= tf/sf] dfq k/LIf0f u/L cGo ;fdu|Lsf] u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f g} u/]sf] 5}g . To:t} l;FrfO ljsf;
l8lehg, tfKn]h'ªn] ;Demf}tf tyf :k]l;lkms];gcg';f/ Sofgn nfOlgª sfo{sf] s+lqm6 So'a tyf
kmnfd] 808Lsf] 6]G;fOn 6]i6 u/]]sf] 5}g .
7.3. ;'g;/L df]/ª l;FrfO cfof]hgfn] :k]l;lkms];gcg';f/ 9'Ëfsf] u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f a]u/ $ 7]Ssfaf6 lgld{t
Uoflaog jfnsf] ?=^ s/f]8 %* nfv ## xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 eg] l;FrfO ljsf; l8lehg, emfkfn]
u'0f:t/ of]hgf g} k]; ug{ nufPsf] 5}g . jfUdtL l;FrfO cfof]hgf, ;nf{xLn] hfnLdf d]; ;fOhsf]
t'ngfdf bf]Jj/ ;fOhsf] 9'Ëf k|of]u ug]{ pNn]v u/]sf]df d]; ;fOheGbf ;fgf 9'Ëf k|of]u u/L b'O{
7]Ssfaf6 ?=! s/f]8 ** nfv e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 .
7.4. gbL lgoGq0ftkm{ hgtfsf] t6aGw sfo{qmd, lkmN8 sfof{no bfª / emfkfsf lgdf{0f Joj;foLx?n]
:k]l;lkms];gcg';f/ u'0f:t/ cfZj:ttf of]hgf k]; gu/]sf], :k]l;lkms];gcg';f/ x]eL lh+s sf]6]8
tf/sf] hfnL k|of]u ug'{kg]{df ldl8od lh+s sf]6]8 hfnL k|of]u u/]sf], sfof{non] hL=cfO{ tf/sf]]
u'0f:t/ cfkm} k/LIf0f u/fpg'kg]{df pTkfbssf] k/LIf0fdf e/ k/]sf], 9'Ëfx?sf] ;fOh :k]l;lkms];gdf
tf]Sg'kg]{df gtf]s]sf], ;tx ldn]sf 9'Ëfx? k|of]u ug'{kg]{ pNn]v eP klg ;tx gldn]sf / ;fgf]
cfsf/sf 9'Ëfx?;d]t k|of]u u/]sf], t6aGwsf] :nf]k !M@ x'g'kg]{df sd ePsf], Uoflaog hfnLx?
tf]lsPcg';f/ ge/]sf] / lgld{t t6aGwsf] sDKofS;gsf] k/LIf0f gu/]sf] cj:yf 5 .
7.5. s0ff{nL gbL Joj:yfkg cfof]hgf / aaO{ efbf cf}/xL gbL Joj:yfkg cfof]hgfn] gbL lgoGq0f sfo{sf]
s]xL 7]Ssf ;Demf}tfx?sf] :k]l;lkms];gcg';f/ 6'qmf kfl/Psf] sf]l0fs cfsf/sf / ;tx ldn]sf 9'Ëf
k|of]u u/L Uoflaog jS; eg'{kg]{df ge/]sf], d]; ;fOheGbf ;fgf 9'Ëfx? k|of]u u/]sf], hL=cfO{= tf/sf]
6]G;fOn :6«]Gy k/LIf0f gu/]sf], !) u]hsf] tf/sf] uf]nfO #=@% Pd=Pd= x'g]df :k]l;lkms];gdf #
Pd=Pd= pNn]v u/] klg gd'gf k/LIf0f ubf{ tf/sf] uf]nfO{ @=(^ / @=(& Pd=Pd= dfq b]vfPsf] 5 .
ctM l8hfOg tyf :k]l;lkms];gcg';f/ u'0f:t/Lo sfd ePsf] ;'lglZrt x'g] u/L sfo{
ug'{kb{5 .
8. cw'/f 7]Ssfx? – lgdf{0f Joj;foLx?n] 7]Ssf ;Demf}tfdf tf]lsPsf] jf ;Demf}tfcg';f/ yk ePsf]
cjlwdf 7]Ssfsf] sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{kb{5 . dGqfno dftxt $% sfof{nosf ?=( ca{ &* s/f]8 %*
nfvsf !$* 7]Ssfx? z'? Dofb tyf yk cjlwdf ;d]t ;DkGg ePsf 5}gg\ . tL 7]Ssfx?df @)&%
c;f/;Dd ?=$ ca{ !$ nfvdfq e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L l;FrfO tyf hn;|f]t Joj:yfkg
cfof]hgfsf] sDkf]g]G6 P cGtu{t ?=!! s/f]8 %% nfv #$ xhf/ vr{ u/L $ xhf/ &% x]S6/ l;FrfO
ug]{ ( 7]Ssf @)^^ b]lv z'? u/L @)&$.&% ;Dd ;DkGg ug'{kg]{df ?=^ s/f]8 *$ nfv (@ xhf/
e'QmfgL u/]kl5 lgdf{0f Joj;foLx?n] 7]Ssfsf] sfd 5f8]sf] / pkef]Qmf ;ldltx? klg lgliqmo eO{
hg;xeflutf kl/rfng gePsf] sf/0f b]vfO{ tL pkcfof]hgfx? cw'/f] 5f]8]sf] b]lvof] .
lgdf{0f Joj;foLx?sf] sf/0faf6 cw'/f] /x]sf 7]Ssfx? ;Demf}tf, ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# /
lgodfjnL, @)^$ cg';f/ xhf{gf nufpg], sfo{ ;Dkfbg / k]:sL hdfgt hkmt ug]{ tyf sfnf];"rLdf
/fVg] h:tf sf/afxL u/L sfd ;DkGg u/fpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
9. ;f]em} vl/b – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod *$ -!_ cg';f/ ?=@) nfv;Ddsf] lgdf{0f
sfo{ l;naGbL b/efpkqaf6 ug'{kg]{ / ;f]eGbf dflysf] sfo{ lgod #!-!_ cg';f/ af]nkqsf] dfWodaf6
ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;'g;/L df]/ª l;FrfO cfof]hgf, hn pTkGg k|sf]k Joj:yfkg l8lehg a}t8L /
df]/ª, l;FrfO ljsf; l8lehg k;f{nufot ## sfof{non] l;naGbL b/efpkq Pj+ af]nkqaf6 sfo{
ug'{kg]{df ?=% nfv;Ddsf nfut cg'dfg agfO{ k|lt:kwf{ a]u/ ?=@# s/f]8 (! nfv *) xhf/sf]
lgdf{0f sfo{ ;f]em} u/fPsf 5g\ . ctM k|lt:kwf{sf] dfWodaf6 vl/b Joj:yfkg ug'{kb{5 .
10. gD;{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !)-@_ df ;DefJotf cWoogsf] gD;{
dlGqkl/ifb\af6 :jLs[t u/fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . l;FrfO ljefu, demf}nf l;FrfO cfof]hgf, ;d[4 t/fO{
dw]; l;FrfO ljsf; ljz]if sfo{qmd;d]t ( sfof{non] l;FrfO of]hgfx?sf] ;DefJotf cWoog sfo{
dxflgb]{zs af6 :jLs[t gD;{sf] cfwf/df k/fdz{bftfaf6 k|lt:kwf{ a]u/ ;f]em} u/fO{ ?=@! s/f]8 ^%
nfv (( xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf 5g\ . o;/L sfd u/fpbf PseGbf a9L cfof]hgfx?sf] Kofs]lhª agfO{
af]nkqsf] dfWodaf6 u/fpg]tkm{ Wofg lbPsf] b]lvPg . ctM lgoddf ePsf] Joj:yfcg';f/ gD;{
:jLs[t u/fO{ k|lt:kwf{sf] dfWodaf6 sfo{ u/fpg'kb{5 .
11. k/fdz{bftf vr{ – hn tyf df};d lj1fg ljefusf] ;+:yfut ljsf; tyf Ifdtf clej[l4, k"jf{g'dfg
k|0ffnLdf cfw'lgsLs/0f / ;]jf:t/ j[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon] @)&) j}zfvdf ljZj a}Í;Fu ?=@ ca{ %)
s/f]8sf] C0f tyf cg'bfg ;Demf}tf u/L hnjfo' k|sf]k ;d'Tyfg cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog eO/x]sf] /
cfof]hgf cjlw @)&% d+l;/;Dd /x]sf]df @)&% c;f/;Dd $@=$! k|ltzt dfq vr{ u/]sf] 5 .
;dodf cfof]hgf ;DkGg gx'Fbf k/fdz{bftfsf] vr{df j[l4 eO/xg] cj:yf l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . cy{
dGqfnosf] ah]6 sfof{Gjog;DaGwL dfu{bz{gcg';f/ ah]6sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;do
;Ldf;lxtsf] sfo{of]hgf agfO{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug'{kb{5 .
12. d"No clej[l4 s/ ;dfof]hg – d"No clej[l4 s/ lgodfjnL, @)%# sf] lgod @^-!_ df d"No clej[l4
s/df btf{ ePsf] s/bftfn] s/ ljj/0f dlxgf ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] @% lbgleq ;DalGwt s/
clws[t;dIf k]; ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . of] jif{ hgtfsf] t6aGw lkmN8 sfof{no bfª, l;FrfO ljsf; l8lehg
bfªnufot @$ sfof{non] ljleGg lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ ?=&( s/f]8 #% nfv %$ xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf]df
pQm /sdsf] s/ ljj/0f bflvnf gu/L gg\kmfOn/ /x]sf] kfOof] . ctM ;f] /sd e'QmfgL ubf{ lbPsf] d"No
clej[l4 s/ ?=!) s/f]8 #! nfv ^@ xhf/sf] s/ ;dfof]hg ePsf] k|df0f k]; ug'{kb{5 .
13. k|ult – s'n]vfgL t];|f] hnljB't cfof]hgfnfO{ ?=!$ s/f]8 lgsf;f lbPsf]df l;len sfo{sf] 7]Ssfdf
ljjfb ePsf] / On]S6«f]d]sflgsn sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Gtf]ifhgs gePsf]n] sd k|ult ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L
$ hnfzoo'Qm hn ljB't cfof]hgfx?sf] cWoog ug{ ?=!$ s/f]8 #* nfv %) xhf/ ljlgof]hg
ePsf]df cfFwLvf]nf hnfzoo'Qm hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] cWoog ePsf] b]lvPg . k~r]Zj/ k|flws/0fnfO{
k|rf/ k|;f/ tyf ;fdu|L pTkfbg ug{ ?=!) s/f]8 ljlgof]hg ePsf]df pQm /sd cfo]fhgfdf gk7fO{
lk|mh ePsf] 5 . /fli6«o pmhf{ ;+s6 lgjf/0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ?=% s/f]8 ^# nfv &$ xhf/
ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/]sf]df !@ k|ltztdfq k|ult ePsf] b]lvof] .
14. kf]i6]8 b/ cg'bfg – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod ## df ;fn tdfd x'g'eGbf sDtLdf
;ft lbg cufl8 cfly{s sf/f]af/ aGb ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ljB't pTkfbg ug]{
cfof]hgfx?nfO{ k|lt d]ufjf6 ?=%) nfvsf b/n] cg'bfg lbg ljlgof]lht ?=%) s/f]8 pQm sfo{qmd
gePsf] sf/0f b]vfO{ cfly{s jif{sf] clGtd lbg sfo{qmd ;+zf]wg u/L lghL If]qsf * ljB't pTkfbs
sDkgLnfO{ kf]i6]8 b/ cg'bfg lbg g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fnfO{ lgsf;f lbPsf] b]lvof] . ;DalGwt cfly{s
jif{leq vr{ gePsf] pQm /sd lk|mh ug'{kg]{df gu/L @)&%.&^ df ?=$$ s/f]8 !) nfv ^( xhf/
ljt/0f u/]sf] b]lvG5 . cfly{s jif{leq} ljt/0f u/]sf] kf]i6]8 b/ cg'bfg ?=!% s/f]8;d]t ?=%( s/f]8
!) nfv ^( xhf/df ljB't P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf !!-!_ cg';f/ k|lt lsnf]jf6 306f ;/b/ laqmL
d"Nosf] @ k|ltztsf b/n] /f]oN6L c;'n ug'{kg]{df gu/]sf]n] ?=! s/f]8 !* nfv @! xhf/ c;'n
ug'{kb{5 .
l;FrfO ljefu
15. of]hgf sfof{Gjog – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @@ / @# cg';f/ cWoogaf6
;DefJo b]lvPsf of]hgfx? jflif{s sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z u/L sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{df l;FrfO ljefun]
@)&@.&# / @)&#.&$ tyf demf}nf l;FrfO cfof]hgfn] @)&#.&$ df ?=* s/f]8 @! xhf/df
;DefJotf cWoog u/]sf !*( of]hgfdWo] ?=# s/f]8 %! nfvsf *( of]hgf -$& k|ltzt_ sfof{Gjog
gu/]sf]n] ;f] /sdsf] ;b'kof]u ePsf] 5}g t/ demf}nf l;FrfO cfof]hgfaf6 k|fKt ljj/0f cg';f/
;DefJotf cWoog gul/Psf @^ of]hgfx? jflif{s sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z u/L ?=# s/f]8 !$ nfvdf
;DefJotf cWoog u/fO{ sfof{Gjog u/]sf] 5 . ;DefJotf cWoog eO{ ;s]sf of]hgfx? klxnf]
k|fyldstfdf /fvL sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{df cWoog g} gePsf of]hgfx? k|fyldstfdf /fvL sfof{Gjog
u/]sf] b]lvof] . o:tf] sfo{df lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .

16. gD;{ – cy{ dGqfnosf] sfo{ ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&# df plNnlvt gD;{cg';f/ tflnd sfo{qmdx?
;~rfng ug'{kg]d
{ f l;FrfO Joj:yfkg dxfzfvfn] l;FrfO of]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoogsf]] gD;{ k|of]u
u/L # / % lbg] tflndx? k/fdz{bftfdfkm{t ;~rfng u/L ?=%* nfv *@ xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]s]f 5 .
o;/L tflnd ;~rfng ubf{ l6d ln8/ / cGo ljz]if1x?nfO{ Ps tflndsf] nflu dfl;s ?=! nfv #@
xhf/;Ddsf]] b/n] e'QmfgL u/]s]f 5 . l;FrfO ljefusf] ;f] gD;{df tflnd ;~rfng ug{ rflxg] gD;{x?
g} pNn]v ul/Psf] 5}g . ;fy} ljefuLo hgzlQmaf6} ;~rfng ubf{ k|efjsf/L x'g] tflndx? ;d]t
k/fdz{bftfaf6 ;~rfng ug'{ plrt b]lvFb}g .
17. lgodfjnL lgdf{0f – l;FrfO ljefusf] sfo{If]qdf l;FrfO gLlt ;+zf]wg, l;FrfO lgodfjnL th'{df Pj+
lgodg ug]{ sfo{x? kb{5g\ . t/ l;FrfO Joj:yfkg dxfzfvfn] pQm sfd Ps k/fdz{bftfaf6 u/fO{
?=!& nfv &$ xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . l;FrfO of]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoogsf] nflu tof/ kf/]sf]
gD;{ k|of]u u/L ;f] sfdsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/L sfd u/fPsf] 5 . o;/L cfkm}n] ug'{kg]{ sfo{
km/s k|of]hgsf] gD;{ k|of]u u/L k/fdz{bftfaf6 u/fpg' lgoldt b]lvPg .
18. hg;xeflutf – l;FrfO gLlt, @)&) tyf ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod (& cg';f/
l;FrfO of]hgfx? ;~rfng ubf{ lgodfg';f/ hg;xeflutf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf
18.1. demf}nf l;FrfO cfof]hgfn] sf7df8f} aflx/sf lhNnfx?df % lnˆ6 l;FrfO of]hgfx? lgdf{0f ubf{ ?=#$
nfv (# xhf/ hg;xeflutf x'g'kg]{df ?=!@ nfv %$ xhf/ sd hg;xeflutf ePsf] / ?=%! nfv
(% xhf/sf] sfd pkef]Qmf ;ldlt;Fu ;Demf}tf gu/]sf] sf/0f ?=$ s/f]8 !* nfv *@ xhf/ vr{ eO{
;s]sf of]hgfx?af6 l;FrfO ;'ljwf k|fKt ePsf] 5}g . xfn ;f] cfof]hgf vf/]h eO{ ;s]sf]n] l;FrfO
ljefudfkm{t tL of]hgfx? ;DkGg ug'{kb{5 .
18.2. l;FrfO of]hgfsf] lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bgdf lgdf{0f Joj;foL, pkef]Qmf ;ldlt tyf
hg;xeflutfåf/f u/fpg'kg]{ sfd tyf /sd tf]s]cg';f/ lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf u/]kl5
hg;xeflutf / pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ e'QmfgL lbg] sfdsf] ;d]t ;Demf}tf ug'{kg]{df l;FrfO ljsf;
l8lehg, emfkfsf] tNnf] ls:g] @ l;FrfO of]hgfsf] ;Demf}tf ?=# s/f]8 %# nfvdWo] lgdf{0f Joj;foLn]
?=! s/f]8 *) nfvsf] sfd ul/ ;s]sf]df hg;xeflutf / pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ e'QmfgL lbg] sfo{sf]
xfn;Dd ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5}g . ;fy} ^ pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfkm{t u/fPsf] sfddf ?=$( nfv ($ xhf/
36L hg;xeflutf ePsf] b]lvG5 . tL of]hgfx? rfn' /x] klg 7]Ssfsf] sfdsf] cg'kftdf
hg;xeflutfsf] sfd klg x'g'kb{5 .
18.3. l;FrfO ljsf; l8lehg cf]vn9'Ëf, afUn'ª, u'NdL nufot !) sfof{non] #^ pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfkm{t
u/fPsf] sfdsf] ;Demf}tfcg';f/ e'QmfgL lbFbf ?=&& nfv *^ xhf/ 36L hg;xeflutf ePsf] b]lvG5 .
;Demf}tfcg';f/ hg;xeflutfaf6 ug'{kg]{ sfd u/fO{ of]hgfx? ;DkGg ug'{kb{5 .
19. slG6Gh]G;L – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !) sf] cg';"rL ! df nfut cg'dfg tof/
ubf{ slG6Gh]G;Laf6 js{ rfh{ :6fkm vr{ / cGo ;fgfltgf vr{df % k|ltzt / lkmlhsn
slG6Gh]G;Laf6 !) k|ltzt vr{ ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf 5 . o; ;DaGwdf lgDg Joxf]/fx? b]lvPsf 5g\M
19.1. l;FrfO ljsf; l8lehg, bfªn] of] jif{ sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf * demf}nf l;FrfO of]hgfsf] nfut cg'dfg
tof/ ubf{ /fv]sf] lkmlhsn slG6Gh]G;Laf6 e]l/P;g :jLs[lta]u/ nfut cg'dfgdf gk/]sf] yk sfd
u/fO ?=! s/f]8 &@ nfv *! xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] 5 . p2]Zo ljk/Lt slG6Gh]G;Laf6 vr{ ug{ ldNg]
b]lvFb}g .
19.2. hn pTkGg k|sf]k Joj:yfkg l8lehg sfof{no, df]/ªn] slG6Gh]G;L /sdaf6 hn pTkGg k|sf]k
Joj:yfkg ljefusf uf8Lx? dd{t u/L ?=?=( nfv ^ xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . 5'§} ah]6 ePsf cGo
sfof{nox?sf] nflu slG6Gh]G;Laf6 vr{ ug{ ldNg] gb]lvbf o:tf] sfo{df lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
19.3. cy{ dGqfnosf] @)&).!.@$ sf] kqcg';f/ % k|ltzt slG6Gh]G;L /sddWo] $) k|ltzt /sd clgjfo{
?kdf k'FhLut k|s[ltsf] sfo{df vr{ ug'{kg]{ pNn]v u/]sf]df /fgL hd/f s'nl/of l;FrfO cfof]hgf
nufot $ sfof{non] ?=! s/f]8 *% nfv %$ xhf/ k'FhLut k|sl[ tsf] sfo{df vr{ gu/L rfn'
k|s[ltsf] sfo{df dfq vr{ u/]sf] 5 .
ctM lgodfjnLdf plNnlvt Joj:yfcg';f/ slG6Gh]G;L vr{ u/L clen]v /fVg'kb{5 .
20. d"No ;dfof]hg – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !!( df d"No ;dfof]hg lbg ;lsg]
cfwf/ pNn]v 5 . ;f] ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f b]xfocg';f/ 5g\M
20.1. 7]Ssf ;Demf}tfcg';f/ lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] sf/0faf6 sfddf l9nfO{ ePdf d"No ;dfof]hg e'QmfgL lbg
ldNb}g . dxfsfnL l;FrfO of]hgfsf $ lgdf{0f Joj;foLx?n] tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf sfd ;DkGg gu/L
ylkPsf] cjlwsf] ?=&$ nfv ^& xhf/ d"No ;dfof]hg e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . pQm /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
20.2. ;Demf}tfcg';f/ yk cfly{s ef/ gkg]{ u/L Dofb yk ePsf] cj:yfdf d"No ;dfof]hg e'QmfgL lbFbf
Dofb yk ug'{eGbf cl3 jf kl5sf] dWo] sd ef/ kg]{ ;"rsfÍ k|of]u ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . /fgL hd/f
s'nl/of l;FrfO cfof]hgfn] @* gf]e]Da/ @)!$ df sfo{;DkGg ug'{kg]{ Ps cGt/f{l6«o 7]Ssfsf] yk
Jooef/ gkg]{ u/L Dofb yk ePsf] cj:yfdf !& b]lv @@ cf} /lgª lansf] 7]Ssf cjlw k5fl8sf]
;"rsfÍ k|of]u u/L e'QmfgL lbPsf] d"No ;dfof]hg ?=! s/f]8 &$ nfv %) xhf/dWo] a9L e'QmfgL
u/]sf] ?=** nfv !$ xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
20.3. e'QmfgL ul/g] d'b|feGbf d"Noj[l4 u0fgf ug{ a]Un} d'b|fsf] ;"rsfÍ k|of]u u/]sf] cj:yfdf s/]S;g
ôfS6/ k|of]u ug]{ Joj:yf ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v 5 . /fgLhd/f, s'n l/of l;FrfO cfof]hgfn] u/]sf b'O{
vl/b ;Demf}tfdf Ps cGt/f{li6«o lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ b'a} 7]Ssfdf /lgª lansf] @) k|ltzt e'QmfgL
cd]l/sL 8n/df lbg] / ;f];{ ckm OG8]S;df l/he{ a}Í ckm OlG8ofsf] d"No;"rL /fv]sf] sf/0f
e'QmfgL x'g] d'b|f / d"No;"rLsf] d'›f km/s k/]sf]n] ljb]zL d'b|ftkm{sf] d"Noj[l4 u0fgf ubf{ dfly
plNnlvt ;Demf}tfsf] Joj:yfcg';f/ b'O{ d'b|fsf] cfwf/ b/ / rfn' b/sf] ;dosf] ef/tLo d'b|f /
cd]l/sL 8n/sf] s/]S;g ôfS6/ lgsfnL ;Demf}tfcg';f/sf] ;"qaf6 d"Noj[l4 u0fgf u/L e'QmfgL
ug'{kg]{df s/]S;g ôfS6/ a]u/ l;w} l/he{ a}Í ckm OlG8ofsf] d"No;"rL k|of]u u/L d"Noj[l4 u0fgf
ubf{ 7]Ssf g+= ! sf] @@ cf++} /lgª lan;Dd / 7]Ssf g+= @ sf] #) cf++} /lgª lan;Dd cd]l/sL
8n/ !! nfv *& xhf/sf] @)&% cfiff9 d;fGtsf] ljlgdo b/ ?=!)(.&& n] x'g] ?=!# s/f]8 @
nfv (% xhf/ a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf] c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
20.4. ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !!(-#_ df d"No ;dfof]hgsf] clwstd /sd z'?
;Demf}tfsf] @% k|ltzteGbf a9L gx'g] pNn]v 5 . l;S6f l;FrfO cfof]hgf, afFs]n] !&=& b]lv #%
ls=ld= ;Dd d"n gx/ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] ?=@ ca{ !! s/f]8 &% nfvsf] Ps cGt/f{li6«o 7]Ssf !)(%
lbgdf ;DkGg ug]{ u/L @)^* kf}ifdf 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ePsf] b]lvG5 . pQm ;Demf}tfdf d"No
;dfof]hgsf] clwstd ;Ldf gtf]sL dfly plNnlvt @% k|ltzteGbf a9L x'g] u/L !* cf} /lgª
lan;Ddsf] ?=%( s/f]8 @( nfv d"No ;dfof]hg e'QmfgL lbPsf]n] ?=^ s/f]8 #% nfv @% xhf/ a9L
e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . lgod ljk/Lt ;Demf}tf u/L To:tf] /sd e'QmfgL lbg' x'Fb}g .
21. gx/ ;~rfng gePsf] – k|uGgf j8\sfky l;FrfO Joj:yfkg l8lehgaf6 ;~rflnt @)^# ;fndf
lgdf{0f ;DkGg k|uGgf l;FrfO cfof]hgfsf] sdf08 If]q % xhf/ *)) x]S6/dWo] ^&@ x]S6/ sdf08 If]q
ePsf] !$ ls=ld= nfdf] gf/fo0fk'/ zfvf gx/sf] nflu;d]t OG6]s, d"n gx/ / ;+/rgfx? pQm ;dod}
lgdf{0f ul/P klg z'?b]lv g} ;f] gx/af6 l;FrfO ePsf] 5}g . o; jif{ ;f] sfdsf] nflu l;FrfO ljsf;
l8lehg, t'n;Lk'/df ?=@ s/f]8 %) nfv ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/]sf]df sfo{qmd ;+zf]wg u/L ah]6 lkmtf{
u/]sf] b]lvof] . ;DefJotf cWoog u/L cfjZostf cg'?k lgdf{0f / dd{t ;Def/ u/L pQm gx/
;~rfng ug'{kb{5 .
22. pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 lgdf{0f sfo{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod (& df pkef]Qmf
;ldltaf6 lgdf{0f sfo{ ubf{ u/fpbf Wofg lbg'kg]{ Joxf]/f pNn]v 5 . ;f] ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f
lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M

22.1. pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 x]eL d]l;gx? k|of]u u/L hl6n sfd u/fpg g;lsg] Joj:yf 5 . pkef]Qmf
;ldlt;Fu pknAw k'FhL, k|fljlws Ifdtf / hgzlQmsf] ljZn]if0f u/L To:tf ;ldltdfkm{t sfd
u/fpg'kg]{df l;FrfO ljefun] ;fgf / demf}nf l;FrfO of]hgfcGtu{tsf l;FrfO of]hgf :jLs[t ubf{
pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfk{mt sfd u/fpg] Joj:yf ;dfj]z u/]sf]n] pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] ;xeflutf clgjfo{
x'g uPsf] 5 . t/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltx? hl6n lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ ef}lts, k|fljlws / cGo sf/0fn] ;Ifd
gePsf]n] pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 sfo{ u/fpg] gLltdf cfjZos kl/dfh{g u/L hg;xeflutfsf] sfd
dfq pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 u/fpg'kb{5 .
22.2. pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpg'kg]{df ;'g;/L df]/ª l;FrfO cfof]hgfn]
gx/sf] ;le{; /f]8sf] u|fe]n, ;+/rgf dd{t / gx/sf] df6f] lemSg] sfd Ps pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 @(
k6s u/fO{ ?=^ s/f]8 !% nfv (! xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] ;d]t o; jif{ !) pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfkm{t
!&$ k6s sfd u/fO{ ?=#) s/f]8 @* nfv @* xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . pkef]Qmfn] d]l;gsf] k|of]u
ljgf ug{ g;lsg] tL sfdx? ug{ rflxg] x]eL d]l;gx? k|of]u ug]{ ;xdlt lnPsf] 5}g . pkef]Qmf
;ldltsf] Ifdtf jflx/sf] sfd lgdf{0f Joj;foL dfkm{t u/fpg'kb{5 .
22.3. pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 d"No clej[l4 s/, cf]e/x]8, slG6Gh]G;L / hg;xeflutfsf] c+z;d]t ?=! s/f]8
;Dd nfut cg'dfgsf] sfd u/fpg ;lsg] Joj:yf 5 . o; jif{ demf}nf l;FrfO of]hgf;d]t $
sfof{nox?n] ?=! s/f]8eGbf a9L x'g] ?=^ s/f]8 %* nfv @% xhf/ nfut cg'dfgsf ^ of]hgfx?sf]
sfd af]nkq 5n]/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltx?dfkm{t u/fO{ ?=% s/f]8 &! nfv (^ xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf 5g\ .
lgod ljk/Lt sfd u/fpg] clwsf/Lx?nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
22.4. pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] cfk"mn] kfPsf]] sfd lgdf{0f Joj;foLaf6 u/fpg gx'g] / u/fPdf pkef]Qmf
;ldlt;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tf /2 ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ePsf]df e"ldut hnl;FrfO ljsf; l8lehg,
?kGb]xLsf # pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] @ lgdf{0f Joj;foLaf6 l8k 6\o'aj]n h8fg ug]{ sfo{ u/fO{ ?=## nfv
$$ xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]s]f 5 . To;}u/L hn pTkGg k|sf]k Joj:yfkg l8lehg, wg'iffn] pkef]Qmf
;ldlt;Fu ;Demf}tf u/]sf] gbL lgoGq0fsf] Ps sfd lgdf{0f Joj;foLdfkm{t u/fO{ ?=!) nfv %& xhf/
e'QmfgL lbPsf]df lgodfjnLsf] Joj:yfcg'?k s'g} sf/afxL gu/]sf]n] e'QmfgL ug]{nfO{ lhDd]jf/
agfpg'kb{5 .
22.5. ;f]xL lgodfdf pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 u/fOg] sfdsf] nflu x]eL d]l;g k|of]u ug'{kg]{ cj:yfdf
sfof{nosf]] ;xdlt lng'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . e"ldut hnl;FrfO ljsf; l8lehg, ndxLn] o; jif{ pkef]Qmf
;ldltx?dfkm{t $! l8k 6\o'aj]n h8fg u/L ?=& s/f]8 *@ nfv ^( xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf]df l8k
6\o'aj]n h8fg ug{ k|of]u ul/g] l/u d]l;gsf] pk/f]Qm Joj:yfcg';f/ ;xdlt lnPsf] 5}g . pkef]Qmf
;ldlt;Fu o:tf] hl6n sfo{ ug{ d]l;g, kF'hL, hgzlQm / k|fljlws 1fg;d]t gx'g] x'Fbf pQm sfo{{
lgodfjnLsf] Joj:yf ljk/Lt b]lvG5 . o:tf sfo{ af]nkqsf] dfWodaf6 u/fpg'kb{5 .
22.6. l;FrfO gLlt, @)&) tyf ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod (& df ;DkGg l;FrfO
of]hgfx?sf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg ug{ pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/L dd{t, ;Def/ / ;~rfng
u/fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . l;FrfO ljefu dftxtsf l;FrfO ljsf; l8lehg bfª, emfkf;d]t ^ sfof{no
tyf cfof]hgfx?af6 ?=&# s/f]8 *& nfv #@ xhf/df lgld{t !*@ l;FrfO cfof]hgf x:tfGt/0f u/]sf]
5}g . cGo sfof{nox?sf] klg oxL cj:yf 5 . ;f]xL sf/0fn] k|To]s jif{ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] bfloTjleq
kg]{ dd{t ;Def/sf] sfd klg l;FrfO sfof{nox?n] ul//x]sf] / o; jif{ To:tf] dd{t ;Def/df dfq
?=! ca{ @$ s/f]8 !! nfv vr{ ePsf] 5 . l;FrfO k|0ffnLx? lgdf{0f eP kZrft pkef]Qmf
;ldltx?nfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/L dd{t ;Def/sf] vr{ 36fpg'kb{5 .
22.7. l8k 6\o'aj]n l;FrfO of]hgf sfof{Gjog lgb]{lzsf, @)&@ cg';f/ l8k 6\o'aj]n lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu
kDk vl/b tyf h8fg, ljB'tLs/0f / kfgL ljt/0f k|0ffnL lgdf{0f;DaGwL sfo{x? 7]Ssfåf/f ug'{kg]{
pNn]v ePsf]df e"ldut hnl;FrfO ljsf; l8lehg ndxLn] ?=( s/f]8 ! nfv !( xhf/sf pk/f]Qm
sfo{x? $% pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfkm{t u/fO{ vr{ u/]sf] 5 . ljefuLo lgb]{lzsfsf] kfngf ug'{kb{5 .

22.8. l8k 6\o'aj]n l;FrfO of]hgf sfof{Gjog lgb]{lzsf, @)&@ cg';f/ ;"rgf k|jfx, dfu ;Íng, of]hgf
klxrfg / lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoog u/L ljleGg If]qsf k|ltlglw /x]sf] ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df l8k
6\o'aj]n l;FrfO of]hgfx? 5gf}6 tyf :jLs[t ug]{ pNn]v 5 . t/ e"ldut hn l;FrfO ljsf; l8lehg,
ndxLn] *^ pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfkm{t ?=!$ s/f]8 () nfvsf] l8k 6\o'aj]n ljsf; ;DaGwL sfd
hgtfsf] dfu tyf pQm ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/; a]u/ 5gf}6 u/]sf]n] lgb]{lzsf ljk/Lt sfo{ ePsf] 5 .
23. a9L vr{ – e"ldut hn l;FrfO ljsf; l8lehg ndxLn]] l8k 6\o'aj]n l;FrfO sfo{qmd tyf ;d[4
t/fO{ dw]; l;FrfO ljsf; sfo{qmdaf6 # l8k 6\o'aj]n l;FrfO k|0ffnLx?sf] 6\o'j]n h8fg tyf kDk
6]i6 ug{ ?=%% nfv %) xhf/ nfut cg'dfgsf] sfd cdfgtaf6 u/fO{ ?=&& nfv %( xhf/ vr{
u/]sf]n] nfut cg'dfgeGbf ?=@@ nfv ( xhf/ a9L vr{ u/]sf] sfg'g;Ddt b]lvFb}g .
24. 9'Ëf 9'jfgL – lgdf{0f:ynsf] glhsdf pknAw lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lx? k|of]u ug]{ u/L b/ ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]d
{ f
l+;+rfO ljsf; l8lehg, t'n;Lk'/n] k|uGgf l;FrfO of]hgfsf] x]8jS;{df lgdf{0f ul/g] Uoflaog jfnsf]
nflu ;f]xL vf]nfdf /x]sf 9'Ëfx?sf] ;§f !* ls=ld= 6f9faf6 9'Ëf Nofpg] u/L b/ ljZn]if0f ubf{ 9'Ëf
;Íng / nf]8 cgnf]8 jfx]s 9'jfgLdf dfq ?=!% nfv &@ xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] 5 . :ynut lg/LIf0f
ubf{ Uoflaog jfn nufpg k|of]u u/]sf 9'Ëf / x]8jS;{ lgdf{0f :yndf /x]sf 9'Ëf ;dfg k|s[ltsf
b]lvof] . :yfgLo jfl;Gbf;Fu 5nkmn ubf{ ;f]xL vf]nfsf 9'Ëf k|of]u u/]s]f ;d]t hfgsf/L ePsf]n] pQm
/sd lgdf{0f Joj;foLaf6 c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
25. cfos/ yk – s/ ltg]{ bfloTj ePsf] s/bftf;Fu ;Demf}tf ubf{ ltg'{kg]]{ s/ yk u/L ;Demf}tf ug{
ldNb}g . l;FrfO tyf hn;|f]t Joj:yfkg cfof]hgf, nlntk'/n] sDkf]g]G6 aL sf] l;FrfO Joj:yfkg
x:tfGt/0f sfo{sf] nflu Ps k/fdz{bftf;Fu j}b]lzs d'b|faf6 x'g] e'QmfgLtkm{ cfos/ ltg{ !%
k|ltztn] x'g] cd]l/sL 8n/ $% xhf/ $%) ;d]t yk u/L cd]l/sL 8n/ # nfv (& xhf/ &*$ df
;Demf}tf u/]/ d"No ;dfof]hg yk;d]t cd]l/sL 8n/ $% xhf/ ()!=*) cfos/ yk u/L e'QmfgL
u/]sf]n] @)&% c;f/ d;fGtsf] ljlgdo b/ ?=!)(=&& n] x'g cfpg] ?= %) nfv #( xhf/ a9L
e'QmfgL lbPsf] /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
26. lgdf{0fdf l9nfO{ – k|uGgf tyf j8sfky l;FrfO cfof]hgf, ndxLn] d"n gx/ lgdf{0f ug{ @)&#.@.@# df
?=@& s/f]8 $# nfvdf Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ;Demf}tf u/]sf] lyof] . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ @)&%.@.@@ df
pQm sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{kg]{df ;f] cjlwdf ?=!^ s/f]8 @* nfv *) xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . gx/sf]
PnfOgd]G6 kl/jt{g ug'{ k/]sf] / gx/df kg]{ 3/ hUufsf] d'cfjhf glbPsf] sf/0f ;f] gx/sf] lgdf{0f
sfo{ l9nfO{ x'g uPsf]n] ;f] ;d:of ;dfwfg u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{kb{5 .
27. af]nkq sfuhft / ;Demf}tf – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf %%-@_ df vl/b ;Demf}tf k|fKt ug]{
JolQmsf] l9nfOsf] sf/0faf6 ;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf] sfd ;f] ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt cjlwleq ;DkGg geO{
a9L ;do nfu]sf]df d"No ;dfof]hg ug{ g;lsg] pNn]v eP tfklg ;Demf}tfdf ;f] ljk/Lt k|fjwfg
/fv]sf sf/0f l;FrfO ljsf; l8lehg, emfkfn] ^ l;FrfO of]hgfsf lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ ?=! s/f]8 (
nfv d"No ;dfof]hg e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . To;}u/L lgod !@$-@_ df q'l6 ;Rofpg] cjlw ;dfKt
ePkl5 cfwf / cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{nodf s/ ljj/0f k]; u/]kl5 cfwf w/f}6L lkmtf{ ug]{ Joj:yf
ePsf]df ;Demf}tfdf hdfgtsf] cfwf/df q'l6 ;Rofpg] cjlw cl3 g} k"/} w/f}6L lkmtf{ lbg] Joj:Yff
u/]sf] sf/0f ;f]xL sfof{non] b'O{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ ?=*% nfv &# xhf/ w/f}6L lkmtf{ u/]sf] 5 .
P]g lgodcg';f/ vl/b ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
28. ;+o'Qm pkqmd btf{ – d"No clej[l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] bkmf !) -v_ df b'O{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L JolQmn]
s'g} lglZrt cjlwsf nflu tf]lsPsf] sfo{ ug{ v8f u/]sf] ;+o'Qm pkqmd d"No clej[l4 s/df btf{
x'g'kg]{ / ;Demf}tfdf tf]lsPsf] cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 btf{ vf/]h ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;'g;/L df]/ª
l;FrfO of]hgf, hgtfsf] t6aGw sfo{qmd lkmN8 sfof{no bfª tyf hn pTkGg k|sf]k Joj:yfkg
l8lehg bfªsf ( ;+o'Qm pkqmdx? tf]lsPsf] cjlwkl5 btf{ vf/]h gu/L k'gM ;f]xL kmd{af6 @% sfo{
u/fO{ ?=^% s/f]8 ^) nfv ^! xhf/sf] d"No clej[lå s/ ?=& s/f]8 %$ nfv &^ xhf/ e'QmfgL
lbPsf]n] s/ ;dfof]hg u/]sf] k|df0f k]; ug'{kb{5 .

29. ;fdfg vl/b – jflif{s sfo{qmdcg';f/ l;FrfO k|0ffnLx?sf] lgdf{0f ug{ ljlgof]lht ah]6af6 7]Ssf
Joj:yf u/L of]hgfx?sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ug'{kg]d
{ f % l;FrfO ljsf; l8lehgn] l;FrfO cfo]fhgf lgdf{0f
ug]{ ah]6af6 lnˆ6 l;FrfOdf k|of]u x'g] ?=@ s/f]8 &! nfv @% xhf/sf Pr=8L=kL= kfOknufotsf
;fdfgx? vl/b u/L df}Hbft /fv]sf 5g\ . cfly{s jif{leq k|of]u gx'g] u/L ;fdfg vl/b ug{ ldNg]
b]lvFb}g .
30. l8k 6\o'aj]n ;~rfng – lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf l8k 6\o'aj]nx? lgoldt ?kn] ;~rfng u/L l;FrfO
;'ljwf k'¥ofpg'kg]{df e}/xjf n'lDagL e"ldut hnl;FrfO Joj:yfkg l8lehg ?kGb]xLn] hn pkef]Qmf
;ldltx?nfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf !^( l8k 6\o'aj]ndWo] $& l8k 6\o'aj]n ljB't cfk"lt{ gePsf],
pkef]Qmf ;ldltx? lgliqmo /x]sf], 6«fG;kmd{/ tyf kDk 3/ lalu|Psf] sf/0fn]] ;~rfng ePsf 5}gg\ .
l8k 6\o'aj]n ;~rfng gx'Fbf l;FrfOdf c;/ kg]{ x'Fbf pQm l8k 6\o'aj]n dd{t ;Def/ u/L ;~rfng
ug'{kb{5 .
31. sfo{;Dkfbg hdfgt – l;FrfO ljsf; ;jl8lehg, sflnsf]6n] ?=! s/f]8 (! nfv ^% xhf/sf] leUdf
l;FrfO of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{ ;Demf}tf u/]sf] sfddWo] ?=%! nfv !& xhf/sf] sfd gu/]sf]n] sfo{;Dkfbg
hdfgt ?=@# nfv # xhf/ /f]Ssf /fVg kqfrf/ u/]sf]df g]kfn a}Í lnld6]8 Ko'7fgn] sfo{;Dkfbg
hdfgt g/x]sf] hjfkm lbPsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf 5fglag x'g'kb{5 .
32. u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfaf6 sfo{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf $^ df hgr]tgf, cled'vLs/0f,
;jnLs/0f, d'n k|jfxLs/0f h:tf sfo{ ldtJooL, l56f], 5l/tf] tyf k|efjsf/L x'g] ePdf u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfaf6 u/fpg ;Sg] Joj:yf /x]sf]df l;FrfO tyf hn;|f]t Joj:yfkg cfo]fhgf, nlntk'/n] ;f]
Joj:yf ljk/Lt s[lif ;xof]u ;]jf tyf ;fgf l;FrfO;DaGwL k|ljlw :yfkgf sfo{ # u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfaf6 u/fO{ o; jif{ ?=$ s/f]8 @# nfv %& xhf/;d]t ?=& s/f]8 &$ nfv %# xhf/sf] e'QmfgL
lbPsf] 5 . To;}u/L hn pTkGg k|sf]k Joj:yfkg l8lehg, ?kGb]xLn] @ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfaf6 !*
Kofs]hdf gbL lgoGq0fsf] sfo{ u/fO{ ?=*@ nfv ($ xhf/ eQmfgL lbPsf] clgoldt b]lvG5 .
33. lgdf{0f Iflt – ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0fdf ;+nUg lgsfox?aLr ;dGjo u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpg'kg]{df lxN;f
l;dLsf]6 ;8s lgdf{0f ubf{ @)&$ kf}ifdf ?=&$ nfvdf sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] wf/fkfgL l;FrfO of]hgf
k'0f{ ?kn] Iflt ePsf] k|x/L d'r'Nsf;d]taf6 b]lvof] . l;FrfO of]hgfdf Iflt k'Ug] u/L ;8s lgdf{0f
u/]sf]n] lgdf{0f Joj;foL / l;FrfO ljsf; l8lehgnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
34. ljlgof]hg / cfjZostfeGbf a9L vr{ – l;FrfO k|0ffnLx?sf] x]8jS;{, d"n gx/ / zfvf gx/x?sf
/]u'n]l6ª u]6x? dflg;åf/f vf]Ng] / aGb u/L l;FrfO k|0ffnLx? ;~rfng ug{ sdnf xlb{gfy l;FrfO
Joj:yfkg l8lehgsf] jflif{s sfo{qmddf dfl;s Hofnfbf/L sd{rf/Lx?sf] kfl/>lds e'QmfgL ug{ ?=!
s/f]8 *) nfv ljlgof]hg ePsf]df ?=@ s/f]8 #& nfv #% xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] 5 . ljlgof]lht
ah]6eGbf ?=%& nfv #% xhf/ a9L vr{ u/]sf] b]lvof] . Pp6f l;FrfO k|0ffnLsf u]6 ;~rfng ug{
pQm ;+/rgfeGbf a9L sfdbf/ cfjZos kg]{ b]lvFb}g . sfdbf/sf] ;+VofTds cfjZostf lgwf{/0f gu/L
pQm /sd vr{ u/]sf] 5 . kfl/>lds ljt/0f a}Ídfkm{t ug'{kg]d { f ;DalGwt ;fO6sf k|fljlwsnfO{
gubaf6 e'QmfgL lbO{ ljt/0f u/]sf]n] o; ;DaGwdf ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
35. k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ – 7]Ssf ;Demf}tfx?df e]l/o;g cfb]z hf/L ePdf / pko'Qm sf/0f ePdf
k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ glng] u/L Dofb yk ug{ ;lsg] t/ lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] sf/0fn] l9nfO{ eO{
sfo{tflnsfcg';f/ sfd gu/]sf] sf/0f 7]Ssfsf] sfd tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq ;DkGg gePdf ;fj{hlgs
vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@! cg';f/ k|ltlbg )=)% k|ltztsf b/n] a9Ldf ;Demf}tf
/sdsf] !) k|ltzt;Dd k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ nufO{ c;'n ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . o; ;DaGwdf lgDg
Joxf]/fx? b]lvPsf 5g\M
35.1. l;FrfO ljsf; l8lehg sfof{no, wg'iff / hn pTkGg k|sf]k Joj:yfkg l8lehg sfof{no, wg'iffn] !!
7]Ssfsf] ?=#* s/f]8 $) nfv !$ xhf/sf] sfd lgdf{0f Joj;foLx?n] ;Demf}tfcg';f/sf] cjlwdf
;DkGg gu/L % k6s;Dd k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ glng] u/L Dofb yk u/]sf] / ylkPsf] cjlwdf klg
sfo{ ;DkGg gu/]sf]n] ?=# s/f]8 *# nfv &# xhf/ k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
35.2. l;S6f l;FrfO cfof]hgfn] 8'08'jf vf]nf gx/sf] sdf08 If]q ;+/If0f ug{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=^
s/f]8 &% nfv () xhf/df ;Demf}tf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . @)&@ c;f/;Dd sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{kg]{df @)&$
c;f/;Dd # k6s Dofb yk ul/P klg 7]Ssf ;DkGg gu/]sf] / cfof]hgfn] k]:sL hdfgt;d]t hkmt
u/]sf] cj:yfdf 7]Ssf cÍsf] !) k|ltzt k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ ?=^& nfv %) xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
35.3. l;FrfO ljsf; l8lehg, /f}tx6sf] es'jf l;FrfO cfof]hgf lgdf{0f ug{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=^
s/f]8 (( nfvdf ;Demf}tf ePsf]df @)&% c;f/;Dd sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{kg]{df @)&% kf}if;Dd klg sfo{
;DkGg gu/]sf] / tTkZrft lgdf{0f Joj;foL ;Dks{df gcfPsf]n] ;Demf}tfcg';f/ ?=$! nfv (^
xhf/ k"j{ lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ lnO{ lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg u/fpg'kb{5 .
hn pTkGg k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ljefu
36. k/fdz{ vr{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @(-!_ cg';f/ sfof{nosf] hgzlQmaf6 sfd x'g
g;Sg] ePdf k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . ljefudf %) hgf k|fljlws hgzlQmsf]
b/aGbL /xL #% b/aGbL kbk'lt{ ePsf] cj:yfdf ljefuLo hgzlQmaf6 ug{ ;lsg] g;lsg] olsg gu/L
%$ k/fdz{bftfaf6 af]nkq / ;f]em} vl/b k|lqmofaf6 klx/f] / gbL lgoGq0fsf] ;j]{If0f tyf cWoogsf]
sfd u/fO{ ?=@* s/f]8 @^ nfv @) xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . ljut jif{x?df ;d]t cWoog u/fO{
tof/ u/]sf k|ltj]bgx?sf] sfof{Gjog l:yltsf] clen]v /fv]sf] 5}g . ljefuaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/
klx/f] lgoGq0f cWoog;DaGwL !( k|ltj]bgdWo] * sfof{Gjogdf NofO{ !! k|ltj]bg dftxt
sfof{nox?df k7fPsf]df sfof{Gjog eP gePsf] olsg 5}g . To;}u/L hnfwf/ ;+/If0f;DaGwL %
cWoog k|ltj]bgdWo] ! dfq sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] 5 . cfjZostf klxrfg u/L k/fdz{bftf lgo'lQm
ug'{kg]{df ;f]cg';f/ u/]sf] 5}g .
37. sfo{qmd ;+zf]wg – hgtfsf] t6aGw sfo{qmd lkmN8 sfof{no ndxLn] af9L klx/f] k'glg{df{0fcGtu{t
o; jif{ sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf $ ;d]t ah]6 ;'lglZrt gePsf !* 7]Ssfsf] nflu ?=!^ s/f]8 %) nfv
#$ xhf/ ah]6 ljlgof]hg ul/Psf]df ah]6 ;'lglZrttf ePsf hg;xeflutfdf cfwfl/t gbL lgoGq0f
sfo{qmdsf] ah]6af6 ;d]t ?=#! s/f]8 $( nfv !* xhf/ vr{ u/L ah]6eGbf ?=!$ s/f]8 (* nfv
*$ xhf/ a9L vr{ u/]sf] 5 . o;/L vr{ ubf{ sfo{qmd ;+zf]wg u/]s]f 5}g . Pp6f p2]Zon]
ljlgof]lht /sd csf]{ p2]Zodf vr{ u/]sf] lgod ljk/Lt b]lvG5 .
38. a9L e'QmfgL – hgtfsf] t6aGw sfo{qmd lkmN8 sfof{no, emfkfn] t6aGw lgdf{0fsf] nfut cg'dfg
tof/ ubf{ lhNnf b//]6cg';f/ k|lt 3gld6/ ?=&).%^ sf] b/n] 9'Ëfsf] /f]oN6L ;dfj]z ug'{kg]d
{ f k|lt
3gld6/ ?=!$@.*^ sf] b/n] ;dfj]z u/L e'QmfgL lbFbf #& pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ ?=@) nfv !^ xhf/
a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf] tyf hn pTkGg k|sf]k Joj:yfkg l8lehg emfkfn] !# pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ ?=#
nfv !# xhf/ ;f]xLcg'?k a9L e'QmfgL lbPsf] ;d]t ?=@# nfv @( xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
39. a9L b/df vl/b – dfn;fdfg vl/b ubf{ lhNnf b//]6 lgwf{/0f ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] b/df vl/b ug'{kg]{df
hn pTkGg k|sf]k Joj:yfkg l8lehg sfof{no, wg'iffn] cf]e/x]8 hf]8L Knfli6s af]/f / gfOng qm]6
;f]em} vl/b u/L ?=@$ nfv (^ xhf/ a9L e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . vl/bdf cf]e/x]8 ;dfj]z ug{ / lhNnf
b//]6eGbf a9L b/df ;Demf}tf u/L vl/b ug{ gldNg] ePsf]n] pQm /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
40. cfktsfnLg gbL lgoGq0f – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #^ -*_ df s'g} /sd
e'QmfgL lbg' k"j{ /Lt k'u] gk'u]sf] r]s hfFr ug'{kg]{ Joj:Yff 5 . ;f] ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/fx?
lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
40.1. cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #^ df ljsf; of]hgfsf] l8hfOg, nfut cg'dfg /
sfo{qmd :jLs[t u/fO{ lgsf;f cfb]z k|fKt ePkl5 dfq vr{ ug{ ;lsg] pNn]v 5 . ;fy} cfktsfnLg
gbL lgoGq0f sfo{df ah]6 lgsf;f lbFbf cfktsfnLg kl/l:ylt pTkGg ePsf] k'i6\ofO{;d]t ug'{kb{5 .
hn pTkGg k|sf]k Joj:yfkg l8lehg sfof{no, ndxLn] @)&% cfiff9 !) ut] ?=% nfvb]lv ()
nfv;Ddsf %# 6'qmf u/fO{ cfktsfnLg gbL lgoGq0f sfo{ ug{sf] nflu ?=& s/f]8 $) nfv lgsf;f

lnO{ ?=^ s/f]8 () nfv vr{ u/]sf]5 . ah]6 lgsf;f x'g' cl3 g} nfut cg'dfg :jLs[lt / pkef]Qmf
;ldlt;Fu ;Demf}tf u/L sl/a %) k|ltzt sfd u/fPsf] ah]6 l;4fGtcg'?k b]lvFb}g .
40.2. hn pTkGg k|sf]k Joj:yfkg l8lehg emfkfn] cfktsfnLg gbL lgoGq0f sfo{sf] nflu @)&%.#.@^ df
lgsf;f ePsf] ?=@ s/f]8 $& nfv lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoog a]u/ :yfgLo dfucg';f/sf] :yfgdf
sfd u/fO{ vr{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #% cg';f/ sfo{qmd
tyf ah]6 :jLs[lt / lgsf;f kZrft sfd u/fpg'kg]{df pQm /sdsf] sfd ah]6 lgsf;f / sfo{qmd
:jLs[lt x'g' cl3 u/fO ah]6 lgsf;f ePkl5 e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . To;}u/L eb|k'/ !) l:yt b]jgLof
vf]nfdf cfktsfnLg cj:yf a]u/ ?=#) nfv lgsf;f tyf vr{ u/]sf] 5 . pQm vr{ lrofaf/Lsf]
;+/If0fsf] nflu dfq ePsf] b]lvFbf hf]lvdo'Qm If]qsf] k|fyldsLs/0f u/L gbL lgoGq0f sfo{ ug'{kb{5
40.3. bds gu/kflnsfsf] lzv/6f]nl:yt lbk]gL sNe6{sf] k"j{af6 pQ/ blIf0f gbL lgoGq0f ug{ b'O{ :yfgdf
@=!) ld6/ cUnf] sfp06/kmf]6{ cf/l;l; l/6]lgª jfn / Uoflaog jfn lgdf{0f u/L ?=^$ nfv vr{
u/]sf] 5 . jiff{sf] kfgL lgsf; x'g] pQm vf]nfdf Uoflaog jfn g} kof{Kt ePsf]df cf/;L;L jfn
lgdf{0f u/]sf]n] cfjZostf k'li6 x'g;Sg] b]lvPg .
41. p2]Zo ljk/Lt vr{ –hn pTkGg k|sf]k Joj:yfkg l8lehgx? af9L klx/f] lgoGq0f tyf /f]syfd ug]{
p2]Zon] :yfkgf ul/Psf 5g\ . hn pTkGg k|sf]k Joj:yfkg l8lehg bf]nvfn] pQm p2]Zo ljk/Lt
cu]/L kfvf] v]n d}bfg agfpg] / kf]v/L lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{df ?=^ s/f]8 @( nfv ! xhf/ vr{ u/]sf]
lgoldt b]lvPg .
42. sfo{qmd ;+zf]wg – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @$ cg';f/ tfn's dGqfnosf]
:jLs[lt lnO{ sfo{qmd ;+zf]wg ug'{kg]{df hgtfsf] t6aGw sfo{qmd, lkmN8 sfof{no emfkfn] dGqfnosf]
:jLs[lt a]u/ vr{ u/]kl5 hn pTkGg k|sf]k Joj:yfkg ljefuaf6 ;dy{g k|fKt u/L /t'jf dfjf gbL
lgoGq0f sfo{qmddf ?=! s/f]8 ** nfv (% xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] 5 . clwsf/ a]u/ vr{ ;dy{g ug]{nfO{
43. lj:t[t kl/of]hgf – 8«Oª, l8hfOg / nfut cg'dfg;lxtsf] lj:t[t kl/of]hgf tof/ u/L t6aGw
lgdf{0f tyf gbL lgoGq0fs]f sfo{ ug'{kg]{df ;f] tof/ gu/L hgtfsf] t6aGw sfo{qmd lkmN8 sfof{no
emfkf, hn pTkGg k|sf]k Joj:yfkg l8lehg s}nfnLnufot $ sfof{non] ?=@ ca{ () s/f]8 $#
nfv vr{ u/]sf] lgoldt b]lvPg .
44. gD;{sf] k|of]u – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !)-@_ df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t
gD;{adf]lhd nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . ;f]cg'?k @)$^ ;fndf ;+zf]lwt l;FrfO;DaGwL
gD;{ cg';f/ nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{kg]{df dxfsfnL gbL lgoGq0f cfof]hgfn] ;8s ljefusf
dxflgb]{zsaf6 @)^% ;fndf :jLs[t ePsf] gD;{cg';f/ nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/]sf] 5 . of] gD;{
tof/ ubf{ l;FrfOsf] gD;{sf] t'ngfdf 9'Ëfsf] uf/f] nufpg], kmnfd] 808L sf6\g] df]9\g] / s+lqm6sf]
sfddf ?=@ s/f]8 !@ nfv (% xhf/ a9Lsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/L 7]Ssf sfof{Gjog u/]sf] 5 .
l;FrfO sfo{qmddf ;8ssf] gD;{ k|of]u ubf{ kg{ uPsf] yk Jooef/ olsg ug'{kb{5 .
45. kvf{n k'gM lgdf{0f – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !!@ cg';f/ lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] q'l6
;Rofpg] cjlw;Dd lgdf{0f sfo{sf] aLdf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . hn pTkGg k|sf]k ;jl8lehg sfof{no,
afUn'ªn] a]gL ahf/ ;+/If0fsf] nflu ?=% s/f]8 * nfv #@ xhf/df #*) ld6/ cf/;L;L SofG6L lne/
6]jf kvf{n lgdf{0f ug{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ;Demf}tf ePsf]df ;DkGg ePsf] ?=@ s/f]8 @# nfv
!^ xhf/sf] 6]jf kvf{ndWo] (&=$ ld6/ kvf{n @)&% efb|df sfnLu08sL gbLdf cfPsf] af9Laf6 Iflt
u|:t ePsf] / ljefuLo d"NofÍgdf ?=! s/f]8 !$ nfv *# xhf/sf] Iflt ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . lgdf{0f
sfo{sf] aLdf lk|ldod ?=! nfv %% xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] aLdf sDkgLaf6
Ifltk"lt{ lnO{ kvf{n k'gM lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5}g . sfof{non] lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ kqfrf/ / klqsfdf
;"rgf k|sfzg ug]{ afx]s cGo sf/afxL u/]sf] 5}g . aLdf cjlw @)&^.#.@$ ;Dd afFsL /x]sf]n]
lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ sf/afxL u/L k'gM lgdf{0f gu/fpg] sfof{no k|d'vnfO{ ;d]t lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .

q'l6 ;Rofpg] cjlw @)&%.&.#) ;Dd ePsf] ;f]xL :yfgsf] ?=&) nfv @# xhf/df lgld{t
csf]{ Ps ^$=$ ld6/ l/6]lgª kvf{n klg ;f]xL af9Laf6 Iflt ePsf]df k'gM lgdf{0f u/fPsf] b]lvPg .
o:tf] cj:yfdf ;Demf}tfcg';f/ /fv]sf] w/f}6L / sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt ?=!# nfv @( xhf/ hkmt ug{
;lsg]df u/]sf] 5}g . lgodfg';f/ ;DalGwt lgdf{0f Joj;foLaf6 kvf{n k'gM lgdf{0f u/fpg'kb{5 .
46. nfut cg'dfg :jLs[lt – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !)-$_ df ;fj{hlgs lgsfon]
nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ lhNnf b//]6cg';f/ lgdf{0f ;fdu|L, pks/0f, sfdbf/nufotsf] b/cg';f/
lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . hn pTkGg k|sf]k Joj:yfkg l8lehg, df]/ªn] lhNnf b//]6cg';f/ nfut
cg'dfg tof/ u/]kl5 sf/0f pNn]v gu/L k'gM dflg;af6 @) ld6/b]lv $% ld6/;Dd 9'jfgL nfut
yk u/L !@ 7]Ssfsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ ?=@ s/f]8 *@ nfv (@ xhf/ a9Lsf] nfut cg'dfg
:jLs[t u/]sf] 5 .
ljB't ljsf; ljefu
47. Go"g k|ult – ljefucGtu{t of] jif{ hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] cWoog, dfkb08 lgwf{/0f, /f]oN6L
Joj:yfkg, ljB't dx;'n lgwf{/0f, ljB't ljsf;df lghL If]qsf] k|j4{gnufotsf sfo{ ug{sf] nflu ?=!
ca{ *# s/f]8 (( nfv ljlgof]hg ePsf]df @#=&( k|ltztdfq vr{ u/]sf] 5 . To;dWo] hnljB't
cfof]hgf cWoog ug{sf] nflu ljlgof]lht ?=*# s/f]8 !$ nfvdWo] #)=(& k|ltzt vr{ u/]sf] b]lvof] .
nIocg';f/ vr{ u/L k|ult xfl;n ug'{kb{5 .
48. /f]oN6L – ljB't P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf !!-!_ df cg'dlt k|fKt JolQmn] hnljB'tsf] Jofkfl/s pTkfbg
z'? u/]sf] kGw| jif{;Dd hl8t k|lt lsnf]af6 jflif{s Ps ;o ?k}ofF / k|lt lsnf]af6 306f ;/b/ laqmL
d"Nosf] @ k|ltztsf b/n] g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ /f]oN6L a'emfpg'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fsf]
jflif{s k|ltj]bgcg';f/ #) d]ufjf6sf] rd]lnof hnljB't s]G›af6 @)&$ df3b]lv @)&% cfiff9;Dd
pTkflbt ljB'tsf] ;/b/ laqmL d"No ?=%.$! n] x'g] ?=@* s/f]8 #* nfv ^ xhf/sf] @ k|ltztn] x'g]
?=%^ nfv &^ xhf/ / #) d]ufjf6sf] hl8t Ifdtfsf] /f]oN6L ?=#) nfv;d]t ?=*^ nfv &^ xhf/
/f]oN6L c;'n u/]sf] 5}g . ;dod} /f]oN6L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
49. aSof}tf /f]oN6L – /f]oN6L p7fpg] ;DaGwL sfo{ljlwdf hl8t Ifdtf cg';f/sf] /f]oN6L k|To]s jif{sf]
ef› ! ut] / pmhf{ /f]oN6L jif{sf] # k6s a'emfpg'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . ljefuaf6 k|fKt /f]oN6L ljj/0fdf
of] jif{ p7\g'kg]{ ?=@ ca{ *! s/f]8 ^% nfv /f]oN6LdWo] k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg hf/L ePkZrft\ ?=@ ca{
&^ s/f]8 *^ nfv c;'n eO{ ?=$ s/f]8 &( nfv /f]oN6L c;'n x'g afFsL b]lvG5 . sfo{ljlwn]
lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ;do tflnsfcg';f/ /f]oN6L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
50. cg'dltkqsf] cg'udg – ljB't lgodfjnL, @)%) sf] lgod @!-!_ df cg'dlt k|fKt JolQmn]
cg'dltkqdf plNnlvt sfo{ cg'dlt k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] ;j]{If0fsf] xsdf # dlxgfleq / pTkfbg,
k|;f/0f jf ljt/0fsf] xsdf ! jif{leq ef}lts ?kdf sfo{ z'? u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ljefunfO{ lbg'kg]{ /
pk lgod @ df sfo{ z'? ePkl5 ;f] sfo{ ;DkGg geP;Dd k|To]s ^ dlxgfdf ePsf] sfdsf] k|ult
ljj/0f ljefunfO{ lbg'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . ljefun] @)&% c;f/;Dd @* xhf/ @#& d]ufjf6 Ifdtfsf
^() hnljB't k|j4{snfO{ ;j]{If0f, pTkfbg / ;~rfng cg'dltkq k|bfg u/]sf]df ;f]sf] sfof{Gjogsf]
cg'udg ug]{ / clen]v /fVg] sfo{ gu/]sfn] k|ult d"NofÍg x'g;Sg] b]lvPg .
hn tyf df};d lj1fg ljefu
51. k/fdz{ vr{ – hnjfo' k|sf]k ;d'Tyfg lgdf{0f cfof]hgfsf] s'n vr{ ?=! ca{ ^ s/f]8 %# nfv
/x]sf]df k|0ffnL l8hfOg cg'udg ug]{ k/fdz{bftfnfO{ of] jif{sf] ?=( s/f]8 !@ nfv ^% xhf/;d]t
xfn;Dd ?=@# s/f]8 %# nfv %& xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . cfof]hgf cjlw @)&% d+l;/;Dd /x]sf]df
@)&% cfiff9;Dd %^ k|ltztdfq k|ult ePsf]df k/fdz{bftfnfO{ s'n vr{sf] @@ k|ltzt e'QmfgL
ePsf] 5 . ;Gtf]ifhgs sfd gePsf] cj:yfdf k/fdz{ ;]jfdf vr{ a9\g] b]lvPsf]n] ;DalGwt lgsfon]
o;df Wofg lbO{ o:tf] vr{ lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .

52. ;fdfgsf] e'QmfgL – ;/km]; d]6]/f]nf]lhsn g]6js{ pks/0f vl/b u/L h8fg ug]{ sfo{sf] ;Demf}tfsf]
klxnf] ls:tfdf &) k|ltzt / h8fgkl5 #) k|ltzt e'QmfgL ug]{ pNn]v 5 . ljleGg ** :yfgsf
df};d dfkg s]Gb|df pks/0f vl/b tyf h8fg ug{ klxnf] ls:tf ?=@# s/f]8 (% nfv (% xhf/
e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . lelhlaln6L P08 lk|;]G6 j]b/ ;fdfg @^ vl/b ePsf]df @% dfq k|fKt ePsf]n]
gk'u ! sf] ?=!! nfv @% xhf/ / @* nf]sn l8:Kn]]sf] ;§f ;ˆ6j]o/ k|fKt ePsf]n] ;Demf}tf
cg';f/sf] ;fdfg h8fg ug{ nufO{ ;Demf}tf ljk/Lt k|fKt ;fdfgsf] e'QmfgL lbg] kbflwsf/LnfO{
53. vl/b ;Demf}tfdf ;+zf]wg – cfof]hgfsf] lj:t[t k|f?k tof/L tyf cfw'lgsLs/0fsf] nflu Ps
k/fdz{bftf;Fu @)&! cfiff9df ?=@# s/f]8 &( nfv (@ xhf/df ;Demf}tf ePsf] lyof] . ;Demf}tf
cg';f/ j]b/ /f8/ :yfkgf ug]{ pks/0f vl/bsf] ;Demf}tf ePkl5 k/fdz{bftfnfO{ bf];|f] ls:tfsf] @)
k|ltzt /sd e'QmfgL lbg'kg]{df To; cl3 g} ?=$ s/f]8 !# nfv @! xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf] Joxf]/f ut
jif{ cf}FNofOPsf]df o; jif{ e'QmfgL sfo{tflnsf kl/jt{g / % dlxgf cjlw yk u/L ;Demf}tf ;+zf]wg
u/L pQm clgoldt e'QmfgLnfO{ j}wflgstf lbPsf] 5 . ;Demf}tf ;+zf]wgkl5 dfq nfu" ug'{kg]{df To;
ljk/Lt sfd ug]{ kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
l;S6f l;FrfO cfof]hgf
afFs] lhNnfsf] cu}ofl:yt /fKtL gbLdf afFw lgdf{0f u/L $@ xhf/ &^^ x]S6/ hldgdf l;FrfO ;'ljwf
k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] ?=& ca{ $$ s/f]8sf] nfut cg'dfgdf @)%(.^) df cfof]hgf :yfkgf ePsf]df xfn
;+;f]lwt nfut cg'dfg ?=@% ca{ @ s/f]8 / ;DkGg x'g] cjlw @)&^.&& sfod u/]sf] 5 . @)&$.&% ;Dd
?=!$ ca{ $& s/f]8 vr{ eO{ %& k|ltzt ef}lts k|ult ePsf] 5 . afFsL /x]sf] @ jif{df $# k|ltzt k|ult
u/L cfo]fhgf ;DkGg ug{ ;Sg] b]lvFb}g . 8'08'jf zfvf gx/ lgdf{0fsf] xfn;Ddsf] k|ult ^ k|ltzt / afofF
%#=%) ls=ld= d"n gx/sf] xfn;Ddsf] k|ult % k|ltzt ePsf] b]lvG5 . afofF !$% ls=ld= zfvf gx/
lgdf{0fsf] sfd z'? ePsf] 5}g .
54. d"n gx/df Iflt – klZrdtkm{sf] d'n gx/ elTsP/ ePsf] Iflt 5fglag ug{ dGqfnoaf6 ul7t
;ldltn] k]; u/]sf] k|ltj]bgdf gx/sf] !& b]lv #% lsnf]ld6/ v08df s]xL :yfgdf t6aGw eTs]sf],
lgld{t ;j}h;f] PlSj8S6x?sf ljË jfnx?sf] nDjfO / prfO{ sd eO{ kfgL lns]h ePsf], gx/sf] j]8
k'm6]sf], ;le{; /f]]8 elTsg'sf ;fy} vfN8fv'N8L k/]sf], gx/sf] :nf]k k'm6]sf] / gx/ nfOlgª ug{ k|of]u
ul/Psf :Nofjx?df Iflt ePsf] b]lvof] . 7]Ssf ;Demf}tfsf] efu @ sf] :k]l;lkms];gsf] bkmf #=@=^ /
k/fdz{bftf ;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tfcg';f/ gx/ lgdf{0f ubf{ k|of]u ul/Psf] df6f]sf] u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f ug]{
st{Jo k/fdz{bftf, lgdf{0f Joj;foL / cfof]hgf k|d'vsf] eP klg ;Demf}tfcg';f/ df6f]sf] lnlSj8
lnld6, Knfli6s lnld6 / u|]g ;fOhsf] k/LIf0f u/]sf] b]lvPg .
gx/sf] ;f] v08sf] x:tfGt/0f kZrft lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] q'l6 ;Rrfpg] cjlwdf ug'{kg]{ ^^
k|sf/sf sfdx? u/]sf] 5}g . z'?sf] q'l6 ;Rofpg] cjlw ! jif{leq lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] q'l6 g;RofPsf]
/ q'l6 ;Rofpg] cjlw;d]t yk u/]sf] b]lvPg . PhlaN6 gS;fcg';f/ sfd eP gePsf] k/LIf0f ug{
ul7t tLg ;ldltn] sfd gu/]sf], cfof]hgf k|d'vx?sf] k6s k6s ;?jf eO{ of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf
k|efjsfl/tf gcfPsf] / k'/fgf 7]Ssfx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg'sf] ;§f yk gofF 7]Ssfx?
nufPsf] b]lvof] . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ sfd gug]{ lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfof]hgf k|d'v / k/fdz{bftfnfO{
55. cw'/f] 7]Ssf – 8'08'jf gx/sf] x]8 jS;{ d'Vo / zfvf gx/ ;'wf/ ug{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=(*
s/f]8 *! nfvdf @)&%.&.! ;Dd ;DkGg ug]{ u/L @)&#.#.^ df ;Demf}tf ePsf]df @)&$ cfiff9;Dd
d"No ;dfof]hg;lxt ?=! s/f]8 $) nfv -^=( k|ltzt_ e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ ug'{kg]{
afFsL sfd gu/L 7]Ssfsf] Dofb ;lsPsf]df ?=* s/f]8 #@ nfv &$ xhf/ k]:sL km5\of}{6 ug'{kg]{df
u/]sf] b]lvPg . pQm 7]Ssf @)&% sflt{sdf tf]8L sfnf];"rLdf /fVg l;kmfl/; u/]kl5 sfo{ ;Dkfbg
hdfgtafktsf] ?=( s/f]8 () nfv cfof]hgfsf] vftfdf hDdf u/L lbg k|fOd sdl;{on a}Í gofF
;8s sf7df8f}+nfO{ kqfrf/ u/]sf]df n]vfk/LIf0f cjlw @)&%.*.#) ;Dd klg hDdf u/]sf] 5}g .

hdfgtsf] zt{ cg';f/ /sd lkmtf{ gug]{ a}ÍnfO{ sf/afxL u/L hdfgt lkmtf{ u/fpg'kg]{ b]lvg'sf ;fy}
;Demf}tfcg';f/ sfd gug]{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ ;d]t sfg'gadf]lhd sf/afxL ug'{kb{5 .
56. q'l6 ;Rofpg] sfo{sf] nflu 7]Ssf – d"ngx/sf] z'?b]lv #% ls=ld=;Dd gx/ tyf ;+/rgf dd{t ;'wf/
ug{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=! s/f]8 &* nfv ^ xhf/df @)&% h]7 $ ;Dd sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ u/L
@)&#.#.^ df 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ePsf] b]lvG5 . pQm gx/sf]] !&=& b]lv #% ls=ld= leq kg]{ csf]{ Ps
lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] q'l6 ;Rofpg] cjlwsf] lhDd]jf/Lleq kg]{ sfd;d]t o; 7]Ssfaf6 u/fPsf] 5 .
o;sf] 5fglag u/L bf]xf]/f] sfd u/fpg] lhDd]jf/ JolQmnfO{ sf/afxL ug'{kb{5 .
/fgL hd/f s'n/Lof l;FrfO cfof]hgf
s}nfnL lhNnfsf] #* xhf/ #)) x]S6/ hUufdf l;FrfO ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] p2]Zon] OG6]s lgdf{0f,
d'n gx/ Joj:yfkg / sdf08 If]q ljsf; ug{ @)^^ df cfof]hgfsf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . cfof]hgfsf] z'?
nfut ?=!@ ca{ #& s/f]8 &% nfv /x]sf]df ;+zf]lwt nfut cg'dfg ?=@& ca{ &) s/f]8 @$ nfv k'u]sf] 5 .
@)&$.&% ;Dd ?=!) ca{ $& s/f]8 vr{ eO ^% k|ltzt ;do JotLt x'Fbf;Dd ;du| k|ult $) k|ltzt
ePsf] 5 . of] jif{ OG6]s / ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug{ ?=( s/f]8 %) nfv ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/]sf]df lgdf{0f Joj;foL
5gf]6 eP klg lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? u/]sf] 5}g . To;}u/L nDsL zfvf gx/ lj:tf/ ug{ ?=* s/f]8 & nfv ah]6
ljlgof]hg u/]sf]df ?v s6fg ug]{ sfo{df l9nfO eO{ gx/ jgfpg] sfd of] jif{ z'? ePsf] 5}g . ejg lgdf{0f,
hnljB't u[x lgdf{0f, ky/}ofb]lv sfGb«f vf]nf;Dd zfvf gx/ lgdf{0f, l;Flrt If]q ;+/If0f, lkm8/ gx/ nfOlgªsf
sfdx?sf] klg nIocg';f/ k|ult u/]sf] 5}g .
57. cw'/f 7]Ssf – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !!! -!_ -v_ cg';f/ lgdf{0f Joj;foLn]
ylkPsf] Dofbleq sfo{tflnsfadf]lhd sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{kb{5 . 8«]g Ogn]6 ;+/rgf tyf gbL lgoGq0f
;DaGwL sfd !% dlxgfleq ug{ ?=!$ s/f]8 ( nfvdf Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ;Demf}tf ePsf]df !@
dlxgf Dofb yk ubf{ klg $) k|ltztdfq k|ult u/]sf] 5 . To:t} sdfG8 Pl/of ;+/If0f sfo{sf] ?=#
s/f]8 %% nfvsf] Ps 7]Ssfsf] Dofb @)&$.@.#) ;Dd yk eP klg #( k|ltzt k|ult ePsf] 5 .
lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] sf/0faf6 l9nfO{ ePsf]n] ;Demf}tfcg';f/ k'j{ lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ nufpg], a}Í
hdfgt hkmt ug]{ h:tf sf/afxL u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ k"/f u/fpg'kb{5 .
58. k"j{ tof/L a]u/ 7]Ssf – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @@ cg';f/ d'cfjhf ljt/0f
nufot k"j{ tof/Lsf sfo{x? ;DkGg ePkl5 lgdf{0f sfo{sf] 7]Ssf nufpg'kg]{df tL sfo{x? gu/L
cfof]hgfn] nDsL zfvf gx/ lgdf{0f ug{ ?=! ca{ &! s/f]8 &( nfvdf @)&#.$.@# df @# dlxgfleq
;DkGg ug]{ u/L 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df @)&% cfiff9;Dd !* k|ltzt dfq k|ult ePsf] / tTkZrft
Dofb yk ePsf] 5}g . k"j{ tof/Lsf sfd ;DkGg u/]kl5 dfq 7]Ssf Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
59. ;jf/L;fwg ef8f – ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltsf] @)^(.!.* sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] 7]Ssfdf uf8L
ef8f /fvL e'QmfgL ug{ gldNg]df o; cfof]hgfn] @ lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] 7]Ssfdf uf8L ef8f /fvL ?=93
nfv 99 xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] clgoldt b]lvG5 . o:tf] sfo{df lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
60. l8hfOg kl/jt{g – ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f sfo{sf] z'? jf kl/jlt{t l8hfOg :jLs[lt kZrft\ lgdf{0f sfo{
u/fpg'kb{5 . o; cfo]fhgfsf] nDsL zfvf gx/ lgdf{0f sfo{ ?=! ca{ &! s/f]8 &( nfvsf] 7]Ssf cGtu{t
dx]Gb| /fhdfu{df kg]{ b'O{ n]gsf] rf}8f qml;ªsf] ;§f $ n]gsf] qml;ª lgdf{0f eO/x]sf] :ynut lg/LIf0faf6
b]lvPsf]df l8hfOg kl/jt{g a]u/ lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fPsf]n] ;DalGwtnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
e]/L aaO{ 8fO{e;{g ax'p2]ZoLo cfof]hgf

e]/L gbLdf afFw agfO{ !@ ls=ld= nfdf] ;'?ªdfkm{t cfpg] kfgLaf6 $* d]ufjf6 ljB't pTkfbg ug]{ /
e]/L gbLsf] kfgL aaO{ gbLdf ld;fO{ afFs] / alb{ofsf] %! xhf/ x]S6/ hldgdf l;FrfO ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{
p2]Zon] ?=!^ ca{ $# s/f]8sf] nfutdf @)^*.^( df cfof]hgf z'? ePsf] xf] . afFw / ljB'tu[x lgdf{0f;d]t
?=## ca{ ^! s/f]8 !! nfv ;+zf]lwt nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/L @)&(.*) df ;DkGg ug]{ nIo /x]sf] o;
cfof]hgfdf @)&$.&% ;Dd ?=^ ca{ (* s/f]8 & nfv vr{ ePsf] 5 .

61. ;du| k|ult – xfn;Dd !@ ls=ld=nfdf] ;'?ª vGg] sfd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . x]8jS;{ / xfO8«f]kfj/sf]
l8hfOg tyf nfut cg'dfg :jLs[lt ug]{ sfo{ ePsf] 5}g . ;a} sfd ;dGjofTds ?kn] Ps};fy cl3
ga9fPsf]n] nIocg';f/sf] pknlAw tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ;DkGg x'g] cj:yf b]lvFb}g .
62. k|ltkmn ljZn]if0f – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @@-!_ cg';f/ ljsf; cfof]hgfsf]
ah]6 th'{df ubf{ k|:tfljt cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog / cfly{s, k|fljlws, jftfj/0fLo /
k|zf;sLo pko'Qmtfsf] cfwf/df To;af6 x'g] k|ltkmn;d]t ljrf/ u/L cfof]hgf :jLs[t ug'{kb{5 .
cfof]hgfn] ;'?ªdfkm{t e]/L gbLsf] kfgL aaO{ gbLdf v;fnL %! xhf/ x]S6/ hldgdf l;FrfO ;'ljwf
k'¥ofpg] nIo /fv]sf] 5 . To;dWo] aaO{ l;FrfO k|0ffnLaf6 xfnsf] nIocg';f/ #^ xhf/ x]S6/df
l;FrfO ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] nIo 5 . yk x'g] !% xhf/ x]S6/sf] nflu l;FrfO k|0ffnL lgdf{0f ug{
lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoog u/]sf] 5}g . o; cfof]hgf aaO{ / l;S6f l;FrfO cfof]hgfsf] sdf08 If]qdf
l;FrfO ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] u/L l8hfOg ePsf]df cfof]hgfaf6 k|fKt x'g] k|ltkmnsf] bf]xf]/f] u0fgf
eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf :ki6 x'g'kb{5 .
63. lj:t[t ;j]{If0f k|ltj]bg – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodjfnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @@-!_ df ljsf; cfof]hgfsf]
ah]6 th'{df ubf{ cfly{s, k|fljlws tyf jftj/0fLo cfwf/df ;DefJotf cWoog u/L ah]6 th'{df
ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . cfof]hgfsf] k|efljt If]q e]/L sf]l/8f]/sf] ;DefJotf cWoognufot lj:t[t ;j]{If0f
k|ltj]bg tof/ ug{ @)&$.#.% df ;Demf}tf ePsf]df bf];|f] k6s @)&%.%.% ;Dd Dofb yk x'Fbf ;d]t
clGtd k|ltj]bg tof/ ePsf] 5}g . pQm k|ltj]bg tof/ gx'Fb} e]/L sf]l/8f]/tkm{ e]/L gbL cf;kf;sf]
If]qdf l;FrfO k"jf{wf/ ljsf;, ;f]nf/ tyf ljB'tLo lnˆ6 l;FrfO / s'nf] lgdf0f{df ?=!( s/f]8 ^# nfv
vr{ ePsf] 5 . sfg'gL Joj:yf kfngf gu/L lgdf0f{ sfo{df vr{ ug'{ pko'Qm b]lvPg .
64. OlGhlgol/ª ;'ljwf – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] cg';"rL ! cg';f/ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nfut
cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ lgdf{0f sfo{;Fu ;DalGwt cfO6dx?dfq ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ / @)^(.(.@ kl5 7]Ssf
;Demf}tf ubf{ lgdf{0f sfo{;Fu c;DalGwt vr{x? 7]Ssfdf ;dfj]z gug{ ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltn]
lgb]{z u/]sf] 5 . ;'?ª lgdf{0fsf] lanckm SjflG66Ldf j]z :6]zg lgdf{0f, lksck / df]6/;fOsn
vl/b, sDKo'6/, Nofk6k vl/b, clkm; Sjf6{/ lgdf0f{nufot ?=!# s/f]8 ^# nfv #^ xhf/sf] sfd
;dfj]z u/L @)&$.&% ;Dd ?=$ s/f]8 @ nfv ($ xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs n]vf
;ldltsf] lg0f{o / lgodsf] Joj:yf kfngf gug]{nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
65. aLdf e'QmfgL – ;'?ª lgdf{0f sfo{sf] 7]Ssf ;Demf}tfdf lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] lgdf{0f ;fdu|L, d]l;g cf}hf/
/ t];f| ] kIf sfdbf/sf] aLdf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;f] Joj:yf cGtu{t ;Demf}tfsf] lan ckm SjflG66Lsf]
k|f]lehgn ;ddf pks/0f, sfd / b'3{6gfsf] aLdf ug{ ?=# s/f]8 % nfv 5'6\ofPsf]df ?=% s/f]8 ^
nfv vr{ u/L ?=@ s/f]8 ! nfv a9L vr{ u/]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf l;FrfO ljefusf
pkdxflgb]{zssf] ;+of]hsTjdf ul7t ;ldltn] klg a9L aLdf /sd e'QmfgL lbg gldNg] pNn]v u/]
tfklg pQm /sd e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf vr{ ug]{ clwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ c;'n
ug'{kb{5 .
aaO{ l;FrfO cfof]hgf
jlb{of lhNnfsf] #^ xhf/ x]S6/ hUufdf l;FrfO ug]{ nIo /x]sf] o; of]hgfsf] cWoog @)@$ ;fndf
z'? eO{ @)$%.$^ b]lv k|yd r/0fsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ePsf] b]lvG5 . rf}yf] ;+zf]lwt nfut cg'dfg ?=!@ ca{
%^ s/f]8 ## nfv / ;DkGg ug'{kg]{ ;do @)&*.&( /x]sf] 5 . of]hgfn] @)&% cfiff9;Dd ?=^ ca{ ## s/f]8
@! nfv vr{ u/L %(=%! k|ltzt ef}lts k|ult b]vfPsf] 5 . o; of]hgfsf] d"n gx/sf] cltl/Qm w]/} ;+Vofdf
zfvf / k|zfvf gx/x? lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{ afFsL /x]sf] / sdf08 Pl/ofsf] lj:t[t ;j]{If0f klg gePsf] l:ylt
b]lvG5 . e]/L aaO{ ax'p2]ZoLo 8fOe;{g l;FrfO cfof]hgfsf] $) So'=d]s kfgL k|fKt u/L l;FrfO ug]{ of]
cfof]hgf / pQm cfof]hgfsf] k|ultaLr tfnd]n;d]t b]lvPg . l;FrfO ljefun] o;tkm{ ljz]if Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
66. afnL ;3gtf – l;Flrt hUufdf Ps jif{df # v]tL ul/g] cfwf/df cfGtl/s k|ltkmn b/ u0fgf u/L of]hgf
:jLs[t u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ljZj a}Ín] @)#& df tof/ u/]sf] Ps k|ltj]bgdf cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? x'g'
cufl8 sdf08 If]qsf] afnL ;3gtfsf] l:ylt #)) k|ltztdWo] !@( k|ltzt /x]sf]df of]hgf sfof{Gjog
qmddf @)&% df u/]sf] csf]{ cWoogdf afnL ;3gtf cf};t !$(=)* k|ltzt /x]sf] b]lvof] . @)%) df
%=% ls=ld= k"jL{ gx/sf] lgdf{0f ;DkGg eO{ l;FrfO{ ;'ljwf pknAw ePsf] cj:yfsf] t'ngfdf @% jif{sf]
cjlwdf klg afnL ;3gtfsf] l:yltdf pNn]Vo ;'wf/ ePsf] b]lvPg . afnL ;3gtfsf] j[l4a]u/ l;FrfO
If]qdf u/]sf] nufgLsf] vf; cy{ g/xg] x'Fbf l;FrfO k|0ffnLx?sf] ljsf;sf] ;fy} afnL ;3gtfdf j[l4 u/L
s[lif pTkfbg j[l4 ug]{tkm{ ljz]if Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
67. lgdf{0f :ynsf] tof/L – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod ^-#_ df ;fj{hlgs lgsfon]
lgdf{0f:ynsf] Joj:yf geO{ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] vl/b sf/afxL z'? ug{ gx'g] pNn]v 5 . o; cfof]hgfn]
klZrd d"n gx/sf] Ps v08 / Ps zfvf gx/sf] Ps v08df hUufsf] d'cfjhf ljt/0f gu/L @)&$.#.!%
leq ;DkGg ug]{ u/L @)&@ c;f/df ?=%@ s/f]8 ## nfv ($ xhf/df Ps 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf u/]s]f sf/0f
xfn;Dd #* k|ltztdfq ljQLo k|ult ePsf] b]lvG5 . plNnlvt lgod / ljsf; k|lqmofsf r/0fx?sf]
kfngf u/L cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg ug'{kb{5 .
;'g;/L df]/ª l;FrfO cfof]hgf
cfof]hgfsf] Ifdtf lj:tf/ u/L ;'g;/L / df]/ªsf] ^* xhf/ x]S6/df l;FrfO ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg]
cfof]hgfsf] sfd @)%#.%$ df ;DkGg eO{ xfn of] cfof]hgf dd{t, ;Def/ / ;~rfngdf /x]sf] 5 . pQm
sdf08 If]qdWo] ;'v;]gf zfvf, ;'Gb/u'Gb/ pkzfvf / x''/xl/of, al/oftL gofFk6L, cfdemf]8f, /~hgL, lr;fª /
emdgk'/ If]qsf] @& xhf/ @^% x]S6/ / cGo zfvfsf] clGtd efudf kg]{ ! xhf/ ^*% x]S6/ ;d]t @* xhf/
(%) x]S6/ hUUffdf cf+lzs ?kdf dfq l;FrfO ;'ljwf k'u]sf]n] cfof]hgfn] nIocg';f/ l;FrfO ;'ljwf pknAw
u/fpg ;s]sf] 5}g .
68. e]l/P;g – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf %$-!_ df vl/b ;Demf}tf ubf{ k'jf{g'dfg ug{ g;lsg]
sfdsf] nflu k|fljlws k'i6\ofO{;lxt l8hfOg kl/jt{g;d]t u/L e]l/P;g ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf 5 .
cfof]hgfn] rt/f d"n gx/sf] !$=^#) ls=ld= ;le{; ;8s af6/j08 d]sf8d k|ljlwaf6 dd{t tyf
lj:tf/ ug{ ?=& s/f]8 @% nfv %% xhf/df 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df sfd z'? gub}{ af6/j08
d]sf8dsf] ;§f ! ld6/ rf}8f lsgf/f / @ ld6/ u|fe]n ;8s yk u/L u|fe]n ;8s lgdf{0f ug{
e]l/P;g :jLs[t u/L ;Demf}tfdf jf6/j08 d]sf8dsf] nflu lan ckm SjflG6l6df 5'6\ofOPsf] ?=@
s/f]8 ** nfv ^! xhf/af6 u|fe]nsf] sfd u/L @)&$.&% ;Dd ?=@ s/f]8 *) nfv *! xhf/
e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . ;8ssf] k|s[lt g} kl/jt{g ug'{kg]{ / ;8ssf] s]xL v08dfq yk rf}8f agfpg'kg]{
k|fljlws k'i6\ofO a]u/ e]l/P;g u/]sf] 5 . e]l/P;g ug'{kgf{sf] cfjZostf / kof{Kt k|fljlws k'i6\ofOF
ug'{kb{5 .
a'9Lu08sL hnljB't cfof]hgf
jiff{bsf] kfgL e08f/0f u/L ! xhf/ @)) d]ufjf6 ljB't pTkfbg u/L b]zsf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs
ljsf;df ;sf/fTds of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] @)^(.&) df o; cfof]hgfsf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . cfof]hgfsf]
sfd @)*@.*# df ;DkGg ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df d'cfjhf ljt/0f afx]s cGo sfd ePsf] 5}g . cfof]hgfsf] s'n
nfut ?=@ vj{ ^) ca{ /x]sf]df @)&$.&% ;Dd ?=@^ ca{ $! s/f]8 #& nfv vr{ eO{ ef}lts k|ult (=(%
k|ltzt / ljQLo k|ult !) k|ltzt ePsf] b]lvG5 .
69. vl/b k|lqmof – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf ( df ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] s'g} vl/b ubf{ ;Dej
eP;Dd v'Nnf ?kdf af]nkq cfXjfg u/L ug'{kg]{ / of]Uo af]nkqbftfnfO{ vl/b k|lqmofdf ljgf e]befj
;xefuL x'g] cj;/ k|bfg ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . sDkgL df]8]ndfkm{t of] cfof]hgf ljsf; tyf lgdf{0f ug{
g]kfn ;/sf/ -dlGqkl/ifb\_ sf] @)&$.!.& df lg0f{o ePsf] b]lvG5 . k'gM @)&$.@.@! df rLgsf] Ps
sDkgL;Fu OlGhlgol/ª, k|f]Sof]/d]G6, sG:6«S;g P08 kmfOgflG;ª df]8]ndf cfof]hgf lgdf{0f ug{ u/]sf]
;dembf/Lkq g]kfn ;/sf/sf] @)&$.*.* sf] lg0f{on] vf/]h u/]sf]df ;f]xL sDkgLn] ;f]xL df]8]ndf
cfof]hgf ljsf; ug{ @)&%.#.#! df k'gM OR5f JoQm u/]cg'?k g]kfn ;/sf/af6 @)&%.^.% df ljB't
P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf #% adf]lhd pQm df]8]ndf cfof]hgf ljsf; tyf lgdf{0f ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
pko'{Qm k|lqmof cjnDag u/L cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ cufl8 a9fpg'kb{5 .

70. /sd lk|mh – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod &* df cfly{s jif{sf] cGTo;Dd sfd x'g
gkfO{ s]jn ah]6 lkm|h x'g glbg] p2]Zon] cGo vftfdf hDdf ug{ gx'g] Joj:yf 5 . cfof]hgfn] hUuf
vl/bdf ljlgof]lht ah]6dWo] ?=( ca{ (! s/f]8 !& nfv @)&%.#.#! df ljljw vftfdf hDdf u/]sf]
5 . ;f]dWo] ?=@) s/f]8 ^$ nfv d'cfjhf ljt/0f u/L] ?=( ca{ &) s/f]8 %# nfv df}Hbft /x]sf]n]
pQm /sd ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
a'9LuËf hnljB't cfof]hgf
c5fd lhNnfsf] ;fljssf] afanf / s';sf]6 ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] aLrdf kg]{ a'9LuËf gbLdf afFw
lgdf{0f u/L xfQLsf]6df ?=^ ca{sf] nfutdf @) d]ufjf6 ljB't pTkfbg ug]{ p2]Zon] @)&) df of] cfof]hgf
:yfkgf ePsf] xf] . cfof]hgfdf @)&$.&% ;Dd ?=%) s/f]8 @) nfv vr{ ePsf] 5 .
71. Go"g k|ult – hUuf vl/b, lj:t[t OlGhlgol/ª cWoog, k'n tyf kx'Fr dfu{ lgdf{0f, ;j:6]zg lj:tf/,
k|;f/0f nfOg lj:tf/ nufotsf sfo{ ug{ of] jif{ ?=$^ s/f]8 *! nfv ljlgof]hg ePsf]df ?=*
s/f]8 ( nfv vr{ eO{ Go"g k|ult ePsf]n] cfof]hgf lgwf{l/t ;dodf ;DkGg x'g] b]lvFb}g . ;dodf
cfof]hgf ;DkGg ug{ Joj:yfkgn] Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
72. lgdf{0f:ynsf] Joj:yf – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @@ cg';f/ jftfj/0fLo cWoog,
d'cfjhf ljt/0f h:tf k"j{ tof/Lsf sfo{x? ;DkGg ePkl5 lgdf{0f sfo{sf] 7]Ssf nufpg'kg]{df d'cfjhf
ljt/0f gu/L k'n tyf kx'Fr dfu{ lgdf{0f ug{ ?=!$ s/f]8 !^ nfvsf] 7]Ssf u/]sf]df xfn;Dd ;f] sfd
ePsf] 5}g .
j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|
j}slNks / gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] k|j4{g tyf ljsf; u/L u|fdL0f hgtfsf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg],
jftfj/0f ;+/If0f tyf j}slNks pmhf{;DaGwL pBf]uwGbfsf] ljsf; ug{ ljsf; ;ldlt P]g, @)!# cGtu{t
@)%# df of] s]Gb| :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . s]G›sf] sfo{ If]qdf ;fgf tyf n3' hnljB't, jfof]UofF;, ;f}o{ pmhf{, jfo'
pmhf{, h}ljs pmhf{, ;'wfl/Psf] r'Nxf] tyf cGo j}slNks pmhf{nufotsf sfo{ kb{5g\ . of] jif{ s]Gb|sf] nflu
?=$ ca{ &# s/f]8 @* nfv ljlgof]hg ePsf]df ?=# ca{ #@ s/f]8 %$ nfv -&)=@^ k|ltzt_ vr{ ePsf] 5 .
;fy}\ s]Gb|Lo gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ sf]ifdfkm{t ! nfv #( xhf/ (*& k|0ffnLsf] nflu ?=! ca{ !# s/f]8 @^ nfv
cg'bfg e'QmfgL u/]sf]] 5 .
73. sfg'gL Joj:yf – ljsf; ;ldlt P]g, @)!# cGtu{t j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb| ljsf; ;ldlt :yfkgf
eO{ ;~rfngdf /x]sf] 5 . j}slNks pmhf{sf] If]qdf s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf] ?kdf ;~rfng ug]{ ;/sf/L
gLlt / o; If]qdf k|fKt ;xof]usf] Jojl:yt kl/rfngsf] nflu cfjZos sfg'g th'{df u/L s]Gb|nfO{
:yfloTj k|bfg ug{'kb{5 . cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?;Fu /fo k/fdz{ dfu ug]{ sfo{ eO/x]sf] s]Gb|n]
hgfPsf] 5 .
74. k|ult l:ylt – s]Gb|n] ljleGg cfly{s jif{df ;~rfng u/]sf ljleGg kl/of]hgf tyf sfo{qmddfkm{t
n3' tyf ;fgf hnljB't / ;f}o{ ljB'tsf] dfWodaf6 b]zsf !* k|ltzt hgtfdf ljB'tsf] kx'Fr k'u]sf],
ljleGg gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k|ljlwsf] k|of]uaf6 #^ nfveGbf a9L JolQm nfeflGjt ePsf] pNn]v 5 .
ljleGg sfo{qmddf xfn;Ddsf] k|ult lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5M
of] jif{sf] :jLs[t sfo{qmddf s]Gb|tkm{ ($ k|ltzt / /fli6\o u|fdL0f tyf gjLs/0fLo pmhf{
sfo{qmdtkm{ %& k|ltzt k|ult xfl;n u/]s]f 5 . of] jif{sf] sfo{qmddWo] 3/fo;L afof]UofF; Knf06 h8fg
ug]{ nIo @$ xhf/ /x]sf]df !% xhf/ ^@*, 7"nf afof]UofF; Knf06 h8fg ug]{ nIo %) /x]sf]df @#,
;'wfl/Psf] kfgL3§sf] nIo #)) /x]sf]df @)#, ;+:yfut ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnL h8fg ug]{ nIo @%)
/x]sf]df $ / ;f}o{ vfg]kfgL tyf l;FrfO kDk h8fg ug]{ nIo !)) /x]sf]df %! sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf]
b]lvG5 . :jLs[t sfo{qmddf tf]lsPsf] nIo k"/f ug]{tkm{ s]Gb|sf] Wofg hfg'kb{5 .
75. j}b]lzs ;xfotf - ;Demf}tfcg';f/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/L ;xfotf /sd pkof]u ug'{kb{5 . s]Gb|nfO{
/fli6\o u|fdL0f tyf gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ of] jif{ ljleGg bft[ ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt
;xof]u Go"g ?kdf pkof]u ePsf] 5 . pknAw j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf] pkof]u Go"g x'Fbf bft[ kIf;Fu
ePsf] ;Demf}tfcg';f/ ;~rfng ul/g] sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo k"/f gx'g], cfof]hgfn] nIocg';f/ ;]jf k|jfx
ug{ g;Sg] b]lvFbf j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf] clwstd tyf k|efjsf/L pkof]udf Wofg lbg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
j}b]lzs ;xfotftkm{ of] jif{ ljlgof]lht ?=! ca{ ^^ s/f]8 $& nfv #! xhf/dWo] ?=#) s/f]8
*& nfv &! xhf/ -!*=%% k|ltzt_ dfq vr{ ePsf] 5 . j}b]lzs ;xfotf /sd ;dodf vr{ ug{
g;sL ;g\ @)!@ b]lv @)!& ;Dd /fli6\o u|fdL0f tyf gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ k|fKt
cg'bfg /sddWo] ?=! ca{ (& s/f]8 && nfv *% xhf/ 8]gdfs{ / gj]{ ;/sf/nfO{ lkmtf{ u/]sf]
b]lvG5 .
76. cg'bfg - cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod ## df lk|mh gx'g] ah]6 pkzLif{s k|To]s jif{
dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] tf]Sg] Joj:yf 5 . To;/L lk|mh gx'g] egL tf]s]sf] pkzLif{sx?df afFsL
/x]sf] afx]s cGo zLif{sdf afFsL /x]sf] ;zt{ /sd lk|mh ug'{kb{5 . s]Gb|nfO{ k'/fgf n3' hnljB't
cfof]hgfx? ;DkGg ug{ cg'bfg pknAw ePsf]df s]Gb|n] of] jif{ ljleGg #* n3' hnljB't
cfof]hgfnfO{ k|yd tyf bf];|f] ls:tfafkt ?=* s/f]8 @& nfv cg'bfg pknAw u/fO{ afFsL /x]sf] ?=%
s/f]8 @% nfv lk|mh ug'{kg]{df s]Gb|sf] a}Í vftfdf 6\fG:km/ u/]sf] 5 . o:tf] /sd lk|mh ug'{kb{5 .
77. sfa{g km08 – g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ;g\ @))& b]lv w'jfFnufot sfj{g pT;h{g Go"gLs/0f laqmLafkt
ljleGg cGt/f{li6\o ;+:yfaf6 ut jif{;Dd ?=^^ s/f]8 &% nfv ## xhf/ / of] jif{ ?=#& s/f]8 ^%
nfv ^$ xhf/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 . k|fKt /sddWo] of] jif{ k/fdz{ ;]jfdf !& nfv $@ xhf/ vr{ u/]sf]
/ ?=! ca{ $ s/f]8 @# nfv %$ xhf/ df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 . sf]ifsf] pQm /sd kl/rfngsf] nflu
sfo{ljlw :jLs[t ug'{kb{5 .
78. cg'udg tyf xhf{gf – gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ cg'bfg kl/rfng sfo{ljlw, @)&) df ljleGg sDkgLdfkm{t
h8fg u/]sf ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffnLdWo] sDtLdf !) k|ltzt h8fg sfo{sf] gd"gf 5gf}6 u/L :jtGq
k/fdz{bftfdfkm{t cg'udg ubf{ ;Demf}tfadf]lhd sfo{ gu/]df lgb]{lzsfadf]lhd cg'bfg /sdsf] %)
k|ltzt;Dd xhf{gf nufpg] / sDkgL;Fusf] ;Demf}tf vf/]h ug]{ sf/afxL x'g] Joj:yf 5 . s]Gb|n]
@)&@.&# df h8fg ePsf ;f}o{ k|0ffnLx? dWo] # xhf/ &( k|0ffnLsf] t];|f] kIfLo cg'udg sfo{ &
;d"xdf ;DkGg ubf{ b]lvPsf s}lkmotdf nfUg] hl/afgf xfn;Dd u0fgf u/]sf] b]lvPg . ;DalGwt
kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ s}lkmotcg';f/ nfUg] xhf{gfsf] u0fgf u/L c;'n ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
79. df}Hbft Joj:yfkg – s]Gb|Lo gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ sf]if -;~rfng_ lgb]{lzsf @)&! sf] a'Fbf g+= $-3_
cg';f/ of] sf]if cw{;fjlws sf]ifsf] ?kdf ;~rflnt x'g] / afFsL x'g cfPsf] sf]ifsf] /sdnfO{ ;'/lIft
jf sd hf]lvd ePsf If]qx?df nufgL tyf To;af6 cfo cfh{g ug{ ;Sg] u/L ;~rfng ul/g] pNn]v
5 . ut jif{ ;Dd nfut gJoxf]g]{ / $ k|ltzt Aofh cfh{g ug]{ u/L ;fljssf]] k|aGws a}Ín]
@)&$.(.#) ;Dd sf]ifsf] /sd Joj:yfkg ub}{ cfPsf]df xfn k|lt:kwf{sf] cfwf/df 5gf}6 ePsf] csf]{
Ps k|aGws a}Ín] ;]jf z'Ns glng] / df}Hbftdf /x]sf] /sddf *=% k|ltzt Aofh pknAw u/fpg] u/L
Joj:yfkg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o;sf] cltl/Qm t/ntf Joj:yfkgsf] nflu !@ jfl0fHo a}Ídf !! k|ltzt
Aofh k|fKt x'g] u/L d'2tLdf /fv]sf] 5 . @)&% cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd k|aGws a}Ídf ?=# ca{ % s/f]8
%@ nfv / cGo a}Íx?df ?=! ca{ (( s/f]8 (^ nfv u/L ?=% ca{ % s/f]8 $* nfv df}Hbft /x]sf]
5 . sf]if ;~rfng lgb]{lzsfcg';f/ pQm /sd yk cfo cfh{g x'g] u/L kl/rfng ug'{ kb{5 .
sfo{d"ns n]vfk/LIf0f
sdf08 If]qdf l;FrfO Joj:yfkg
/fHon] 7"nf] wg/flz nufgL u/L tof/ u/]sf l;FrfO of]hgfsf] sdf08 If]qcGtu{tsf l;FrfO ;'ljwf
pknAw ePsf hUufsf] v08Ls/0f, zx/Ls/0f / cf}Bf]uLs/0fh:tf sf/0faf6 l;Flrt If]q 36\b} uPsf] cj:yf 5 .
l;FrfO cfof]hgfsf] sdf08 If]qdf l;Flrt hUufsf] pkof]u l:ylt d"NofÍg u/L ;'wf/sf nflu ;'emfp ug]{
p2]Zon] sGsfO{, ;'g;/L df]/ª, sdnf / jfUdtL l;FrfO of]hgfsf] sdf08 If]q ;dfj]z u/L sfo{d"ns
n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] 5 . n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f b]xfoadf]lhd 5g\M
80. u}/s[lif sfo{df k|of]u – e"–pkof]u gLlt, @)&@ df l;FrfO of]hgfsf] k|efjIf]qleqsf hUufnfO{ s[lif
If]qdf juL{s/0f u/L ;f]adf]lhd pkof]u ug]{ pNn]v 5 . t/ cfof]hgfsf] sdf08 If]qdf pBf]u
:yfkgf, a:tL ljsf;, hUuf Knl6ªsf] sf/0fn] sdf08 If]qsf] hUuf 36\b} uPsf] kfOof] . ;'g;/L df]/ª
l;FrfO{ cfof]hgf / sGsfO{ l;FrfO cfof]hgfaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ pQm cfof]hgfsf] sdf08 If]qdWo]
u}/s[lif sfo{df k|of]u ePsf] hUufsf] If]qkmn lgDgfg';f/ 5M
-If]qkmn x]S6/df_
u}/ s[lif sfo{df
sdf08 If]q cf}Bf]lus If]qn] cf]u6]sf] Knl6ª ul/Psf] a:tL ljsf;n] cGo k|of]hgdf
cfof]hgf k|of]u hDdf
If]qkmn If]qkmn cf]u6]sf] If]qkmn k|of]u If]qkmn
If]qkmn
;'g;/L df]/ª 68000 997.96 844.17 716.802 !#=%% /]nj] 6«ofs @%&@=$*
sGsfO{ *))) Pp6f OF6f e§f /x]sf] & &)) #)) !)&)
jfUdtL l;FrfO cfof]hgfsf] sdf08 If]qsf] hUuf s[lif sfo{df k|of]u ePsf] ljj/0f k|fKt ePsf]
5 eg] sdnf l;FrfO cfof]hgfaf6 ;f];DaGwL ljj/0f k|fKt ePg . ;'g;/L df]/ª l;FrfO cfof]hgfsf]
s'n sdf08 If]qdWo] #=&* k|ltzt / sGsfO{ l;FrfO cfof]hgfsf] s'n sdf08 If]qdWo] !#=#* k|ltzt
x]S6/ If]q u}/s[lif sfo{df k|of]u ePsf] kfOof] . h;n] ubf{ l;FrfOdf ul/Psf] nufgLsf] plrt k|ltkmn
k|fKt gx'g] l:ylt 5 . o;df ;DalGwt lgsfon] Wofg lbO{ l;Flrt s[lif of]Uo hldgsf] ;+/If0f
ul/g'kb{5 .
81. l;FrfO{ k|0ffnL Joj:yfkg – l;FrfO{ k|0ffnL] k|efjsf/L Pj+ lgoldt ;~rfngsf nflu ;+/rgfx?sf]
lgoldt dd{t ;Def/ / cfjZostfcg';f/ zfvf, k|zfvf, cfp6n]6nufotsf] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
l;FrfO{ k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf lgDg Joxf]/f b]lvPsf] 5M
81.1. ;'g;/L df]/ª l;FrfO cfof]hgfsf] ^* xhf/ x]S6/ hldgdf l;FrfO{ ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg] nIo /x]sf]df %*
xhf/ !$^ x]S6/df l;FrfO{ ;'ljwf k'u]sf] 5 . d"n gx/ %# ls=ld= / !( zfvf pkzfvf /x]sf] 5 .
cfof]hgfsf s]xL v08df ;+/rgf lgdf{0f x'g afFsL /x]sf]n] gx/sf] clGtd v08sf s[ifsx?n] l;FrfO
;'ljwf kfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ .
;nf{xL lhNnfsf] !$ xhf/ x]S6/ / /f}tx6sf] @# xhf/ x]S6/;d]t #& xhf/ x]S6/ hldgdf
l;FrfO{ ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] lgdf{0f z'? ePsf] jfUdtL l;FrfO{ cfof]hgfsf] klxnf] / bf];|f] r/0f
u/L s'n sdf08 Pl/of ! nfv @@ xhf/ /x]sf] 5 . pQm cfof]hgfsf] k"jL{ d"n gx/ @$=@% ls=ld= /
klZrdL d"n gx/ @* ls=ld= af6 sdf08 If]qsf $% xhf/ ^)) x]S6/df l;FrfO{ ;'ljwf k'u]sf] 5 .
To:t} emfkf lhNnfsf] * xhf/ x]S6/ sdf08 If]qsf] sGsfO{ l;FrfO{ cfof]hgfaf6 & xhf/ &))
x]S6/df l;FrfO{ ;'ljwf k'u]sf] ljj/0f k|fKt ePsf] 5 . wg'iff lhNnfsf] !@ xhf/ %)) x]S6/ / l;/xf
lhNnfsf] !@ xhf/ %)) x]S6/ ;d]t @% xhf/ x]S6/ sdf08 Pl/of ePsf] sdnf l;FrfO{ cfof]hgfaf6
jif]{afnLsf] nflu k"/} If]qkmndf l;FrfO ;'ljwf k'u]sf] eP tfklg lxpFb]afnLsf] nflu !) xhf/ x]S6/df
dfq l;FrfO{ ;'ljwf k'u]sf] 5 . gx/sf] lgoldt dd{t ;Def/ u/L pknAw sdf08 If]qdf l;FrfO ;'ljwf
k'¥ofpg'kb{5 .
81.2. cfof]hgfsf] l8:rfh{ Ifdtfcg';f/ sdf08 If]qleq jif}{el/ l;FrfO{ ;'ljwf pknAw x'g'k5{ . ;'g;/L
df]/ª l;FrfO{ cfof]hgfsf] OG6]ssf] l8:rfh{ Ifdtf ^) So"d]S; ePsf]df jiff{ofddf #&=)@ b]lv
$(=$$ So'd]S;, j}zfv, h]7, cfiff9df #) So'd]S; / df3, kmfu'g / r}qdf @%=^@ So"d]S; dfq kfgL
l8:rfh{ ePsf] kfOof] . sGsfO{ l;FrfO cfof]hgfsf] kfgL l8:rfh{ Ifdtf !)=!% So"d]S; ePsf]df
sflt{sdf z"Go, kf}ifdf )=*& b]lv >fj0fdf *=%# So"d]S;;Dd kfgL l8:rfh{ ePs]f kfOof] . To:t}
jfUdtL l;FrfO cfof]hgfsf] k"jL{ gx/sf] kfgL l8:rfh{ Ifdtf ^$=$) So'd]S; /x]sf]df ;'Vvfofddf
cf};tdf & So'd]S; / klZrdL gx/sf] Ifdtf $*=$) So'd]S; ePsf]df cf};tdf # So'd]S; kfgL
l8:rfh{ ePsf] kfOof] . o;/L gx/sf] kfgL l8:rfh{ Ifdtfcg';f/ sdf08 If]qdf jif}{el/ l;FrfO{ x'g
;s]sf] 5}g .
nIocg'?k l;FrfO ;'ljwf lj:tf/ ug{ g;Sbf s[lif afnL pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj j[l4sf] nIo
xfl;n gx'g], dd{t ;Def/ vr{sf] nfut a9\g] / hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ dfly gp7\g] h:tf ;d:of
oyfjt /xg] b]lvG5 . ctM cfof]hgfsf] nIocg'?k l;FrfO ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg hL0f{ cj:yfdf /x]sf]
;+/rgfsf] lgoldt dd{t ;Def/sf] ;fy} cfjZostfg';f/ zfvf k|zfvf gx/, s"nf] lgdf0f{ u/L jif}{el/
l;FrfO ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg'k5{ .
82. gx/sf] cltqmd0f – hUuf k|flKt P]g, @)#$ sf] bkmf #@ df o; P]gadf]lhd k|fKt hUufsf] :jfldTj
g]kfn ;/sf/df ;/]kl5 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt a]u/ s'g} k|sf/sf 3/, 6x/f, kvf{n agfpg jf
To:tf] hUuf cfjfb ug{ gx'g] pNn]v 5 . ;'g;/L df]/ª l;FrfO{ cfof]hgfsf] /fdu+h zfvf gx/
k|0ffnLdf ;fljs b'xjL uf=lj=;=# df Ps l:6n pBf]un] gx/ cltqmd0f u/L pBf]u :yfkgf u/]sf], Ps
kf]N6«L kmd{n] gofFk§L zfvf gx/sf] a]tf}gf pkzfvf gx/df cltqmd0f u/L sDkfp08 jfn agfPsf]
b]lvPsf] 5 . ;f] cltqmd0f x6fpg cfof]hgfn] k6s k6s ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ kqfrf/ u/] tfklg
cltqmd0f gx6fPsf] cfof]hgfn] hgfPsf] 5 . To:t} sGsfO{ l;FrfO cfof]hgfn] d"n gx/df @)) ld6/
/ zfvf gx/sf] @)) ld6/df cltqmd0f ePsf] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . o;/L cltqmd0f gx6fPsf] sf/0fn]
gx/ k''l/g'sf ;fy} cltqmd0f a9\b} uO{ s]xL jif{kZrft gx/ ;~rfng ug{ g;Sg] l:ylt /xG5 . ctM
clwu|x0f ul/Psf] hUufsf] plrt tj/n] ;+/If0f x'g'kb{5 .
83. ;dGjo – sdf08 If]qsf] hUufdf l;FrfO sfo{qmd ;~rfng ubf{ bf]xf]/f] gx'g] u/L ;~rfng ug'k{ b{5 .
e"ldut l;FrfO Joj:yfkg l8lehg, df]/ªn] ;'g;/L df]/ª l;FrfO cfof]hgfsf] sdf08 If]qleq kg]{
hxbf–&, s6x/Lsf] $) x]S6/ / b]jfgu+h ufpFkflnsfl:yt sKtfgu+hsf] $) x]S6/ hUufdf l8k
6\o'aj]n l;FrfO k|0ffnL ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . To:t} l;FrfO ljsf; l8lehg, ;'g;/Ln] cfof]hgfsf] sdf08
If]q b]jfguGh ufpFkflnsf j8f g+= & df !)) x]S6/df s7n] l;FrfO of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ lj:t[t
;j]{If0f tyf ;DefJotf cWoog sfo{ ;DkGg u/]sf] kfOof] . l;FrfO ;'ljwf gk'u]sf] 7fpFdf s[ifssf]
dfucg';f/ l;FrfO sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{] pNn]v eP tfklg ;'g;/L df]/ª l;FrfO{ cfof]hgfsf] sdf08
If]qdf cfof]hgf;+u ;dGjo a]u/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{ pko'Qm xf]Og .
84. cg'udg – l;FrfO gLlt, @)&) df cfof]hgfsf] cg'udg ug{ :yfgLo pkef]Qmf ;+:yfsf] k|ltlglw tyf
:yfgLo txnfO{ ;xefuL u/fO{ cg'udg ;ldlt u7g ug]{ pNn]vadf]lhd cg'udg ;ldlt u7g ePsf]
kfOPg . ;'g;/L df]/ª / sGsfO{ l;FrfO cfof]hgfsf] gx/ tyf sdf08 If]qdf cltqmd0f e}/x]sf]df
To;sf] /f]syfd ;dod} u/]sf] kfOPg . cg'udgaf6 gx/df rf}kfof 5f8\g] sfo{df /f]s nufPsf],
sdf08 If]qdf zx/Ls/0f tyf cf}Bf]lus/0faf6 hf]ufpg :yfgLo txsf k|ltlglw;Fu 5nkmn u/L
;+/If0f sfo{ z'? ul/Psf] sGsfO{ l;FrfO cfof]hgfn] hgfP tfklg sdf08 If]qsf] hUuf u}/s[lif sfo{df
k|of]u ePsf]df cltqmd0f x6fpg ;s]sf] 5}g . ;'g;/L df]/ª l;FrfO{ cfof]hgfsf] gx/ cwLg:y
hUufsf] gx/ lgdf{0f x'g'cl3 g} nut s§f eO{ cfof]hgfsf] gfddf cfpg'kg]{df sltko d"n gx/
zfvf, k|zfvfsf] hUufsf] nut xfn;Dd s§f ePsf] 5}g . nut s§f gePsf] sf/0faf6 gx/sf]
l8n;Ddsf] hUuf ;DalGwt hUufwgLn] ef]u ul//x]sf] kfOof] . cfof]hgfn] clwu|x0f ug'{kg]{ @)))
la3fdWo] !$)^ la3f & sÝf !! w'/ hUufsf] dfq hUufwgL k'hf{ k|fKt ePsf] afFsL hUufsf] nut s§f
gePsf] cj:yf 5 . ctM gx/ cwLg:y hUufsf] cltqmd0f x'gaf6 /f]sL hUufwgL k'hf{ k|fKt x'g afFsL
hUufsf] ;d]t cfof]hgfsf] gfpFdf hUufwgL k'hf{ k|fKt ug'{kb{5 .
lgisif{ – cfof]hgfsf] z'?df ag]sf ;+/rgfx?sf] Ifdtf lj:tf/ gx'g' / ;+/rgf k'/fgf] x'g', pkef]Qmf ;+:yfdf
kfgL ljt/0f tyf Joj:yfkg;DaGwL r]tgfsf] sdL, s[lifnfO{ cfw'lgsLs/0f ug{ g;Sg' ;fy} s[lif >ldssf]
cefj;d]tn] ubf{ s[lif k|ltsf] cfsif{0f 36\g,' hUufsf] v08Lss/0f, Knl6ª, cf}Bf]lusLs/0f / zx/Ls/0fsf]
sf/0faf6 s[lif of]Uo e"ld 36\b} hfg' / ePsf] af6/ sf]if{ tyf gx/;d]t cltqmd0fsf sf/0fn] nIoadf]lhdsf]
sdf08 If]qdf l;FrfO{ ;'ljwf pknAw x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . s[lif of]Uo hldg / l;Flrt If]q 3f]if0ff ePsf If]qdf
zx/Ls/0f, cf}Bf]lusLs/0f /f]Sg lgodg lgsfosf] ;lqmotf tyf sfg'gL Joj:yf x'g'k5{ . l;Flrt If]qsf]
sdf08 Pl/ofsf] /]vfÍg, gx/ tyf s'nf] ;+/rgfsf] ;+/If0f Pj+ dd{t ;'wf/ u/L kfgL pknAwtfsf] ;'lglZrttf
ug'{k5{ . ;~rfngdf /x]sf] cfof]hgfx?nfO{ pRr Ifdtfdf rnfpg] u/L cfjZos dd{t ;Def/ tyf
;~rfngdf ljz]if k|fyldstf lbg'k5{ .

;+ul7t ;+:yf tyf cGo ;+:yf
g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f, @)&$.&%
g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f P]g, @)$! cg';f/ @)$@ efb| ! df k|flws/0fsf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . o;
k|flws/0f hnljB't pTkfbg, k|;f/0f / ljt/0f ug]{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ :jfldTjdf /x]sf] Ps cljlR5Gg
pQ/flwsf/jfnf :jzfl;t ;+ul7t ;+:yf xf] . k|flws/0fsf] sfd sf/jfxLsf] ;~rfng, /]vb]v / Joj:yfkgsf
nflu ;+rfns ;ldlt lhDd]jf/ /xg] ub{5 . k|flws/0faf6 @)&% cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd pTkflbt ljB't @ xhf/
#)* d]ufjf6 306f -Pd8An'Pr_ / cGo pTkfbsaf6 pTkflbt @ xhf/ !*^ Pd8An'Pr /x]sf] 5 . o;}u/L
cfoft @ xhf/ %*@ Pd8An'Pr /x]sf] / u|fxs ;+Vof #% nfv %! xhf/ @@^ /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
85. ljQLo l:ylt / ;~rfng glthf – k|flws/0fsf] z]o/ k"FhL ?= ! va{ @ ca{ $$ s/f]8, hu]8f tyf
;l~rt sf]if ?=@# ca{ %( s/f]8 &( nfv C0ffTds, bL3{sfnLg bfloTj ?=! va{ @) ca{ (% s/f]8
$# nfv / rfn' bfloTj ?= *$ ca{ && s/f]8 *) nfv ;d]t s'n k'FhL tyf bfloTj ?=@ va{ *$
ca{ %& s/f]8 @! nfv /x]sf] 5 . crn ;DklQtk{m l:y/ ;DklQ ?= ! va{ !@ ca{ (* s/f]8,
lgdf{0ffwLg ;DklQ ?= && ca{ ^! s/f]8 tyf nufgL ?= @( ca{ ($ s/f]8 ;d]t ?=@ va{ @) ca{
%# s/f]8 #) nfv / rfn' ;DklQ ?= ^$ ca{ # s/f]8 *( nfv /x]sf] 5 . ut jif{ ?= ! ca{ $^
s/f]8 &# nfv /x]sf]df o; jif{ ?= @ ca{ *$ s/f]8 *! nfv /x]sf] 5 .
86. cg'kft ljZn]if0f – k|d'v cg'kftx? lgDg adf]lhd /x]sf] 5 M
cg'kftsf] gfd @)&$÷&% @)&#÷&$
s'n gfkmf cg'kft -s'n ljB't laqmLdf_ @*=(! k|ltzt @(=&% k|ltzt
v'b gfkmf cg'kft -s'n ljB't laqmLdf_ %=!^ k|ltzt #=!% k|ltzt
s'n ;DkQLdf v'b cfDbfgLsf] cg'kft @!=@* k|ltzt @!=)@ k|ltzt
Rffn' ;DklQ bfloTj cg'kft )=&^M! )=^#M!
bL3{sfnLg C0f tyf O{SjLl6sf] cg'kft !=%# !=(&
l:y/ ;DklQ / k'FhLut sfo{ k|ult tyf s'n ;DklQsf] cg'kft ^& k|ltzt &) k|ltzt
s'n vr{df sd{rf/L vr{sf] cg'kft !#=!! k|ltzt !#=*! k|ltzt
ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf las|Ldf v'b gfkmf / rfn' ;DklQdf bfloTj cg'kft a9]sf] tyf C0fsf]
cg'kft, s'n vr{df sd{rf/L vr{ cg'kft / ljt/0f gf]S;fg 36]sf] 5 . ut ljutsf] t'ngfdf ljQLo
cj:yf ;'wf/f]Gd'v b]lvPsf] 5 .
87. ;f}o{ phf{ – ;f}o{ pmhf{af6 lqz"nL, b]jL3f6 / s'n]vfgLdf ljB't pTkfbg u/L lu|8 k|0ffnLdf hf]8\g]
sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfg ?=$ ca{ *) s/f]8 %) nfv /x]sf]df Knflgª, OlGhlgol/ª, vl/b, lgdf{0f,
6]li6ª / % jif{;Dd ck/];g tyf dd{t ug]{ u/L rLgsf] Ps sDkgL;Fu !& d] @)!& df cd]l/sL 8n/
# s/f]8 &( nfv *$ xhf/ $!) / ?=! s/f]8 #% nfv ^) xhf/;d]t ?=$ ca{ $ s/f]8 $* nfv
$% xhf/sf] 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltn] pQm 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ab/ ug{
lgb]{zg lbPtf klg pRr cbfnt, nlntk'/sf] km};nf cg';f/ !$ km]a|'c/L @)!* -@)&$.!!.@_ df ;f]
7]Ssfsf] sfo{ z'? ePsf] 5 . ;f]nf/ df]8'nsf] d"Nodf ljut @ jif{df lu/fj6 cfPsf sf/0f !^=(
k|ltzt d"No 36fO{ cd]l/sL 8n/ # s/f]8 $! nfv * xhf/ @@) df ;Demf}tf ug]{ ;xdltsf] nflu
k|flws/0fn] ljZj a}Í ;dIf k]; u/]sf]df a}Ín] pQm /sddf d"No clej[l4 s/ !# k|ltzt / eG;f/
dx;'n ! k|ltzt yk u/L ;xdlt lbPsf]n] cd]l/sL 8n/ # s/f]8 &( nfv *$ xhf/ $!) / ?=!
s/f]8 #% nfv ^) xhf/df ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . d'No clej[l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ cg';f/ ;f}o{ pmhf{sf
;fdu|Ldf d"No clej[l4 s/ gnfUg] x'Fbf e'QmfgL lbg gldNg]tkm{ ;hutf ckgfpg'kb{5 .
88. ;DklQdf gf]S;fgL Joj:yf – ;DklQsf] d"Nodf cfPsf] tyf cfpg ;Sg] x|f; tyf gf]S;fgLsf] klxrfg
u/L kof{Kt Joj:yf u/]sf] 5}g\ . k|flws/0fn] l:y/ ;Dklt, kfpg'kg]{ lx;fa, k]ZsL, gub tyf a}+s
df}Hbft, nufgL, lhG;L ;fdu|L / lgdf0f{fwLg ;DklQdf xflg, rf]/L tyf cGo ;Defljt gf]S;fgL afkt
ut ljut jif{ ?=! ca{ &( s/f]8sf] Joj:yf u/]tfklg tL Joj:yfx? k'gMd"NofFsg u/L kof{Kt /x]
g/x]sf] olsg u/]sf] 5}g . @)&@ sf] e"sDkn] k'¥ofPsf] Ifltsf] ;d]t d"NofÍg u/L ;f]sf] nflu s'g}
/sd Joj:yf u/]sf]] 5}g\ . k|flws/0fn] pknJw u/fPsf] ljj/0fcg';f/ ! xhf/ **! /f]kgL !% cfgf @
k};f @ bfd hUUffsf] nfnk'hf{ gePsf] / ! xhf/ $&$ /f]kgL # cfgf ! bfd hUuf cltqmd0f ePsf]
b]lvPsf] 5 . Joj:yf /sddf yk 36 ug{'kg]{ /sd olsg gePsf]n] k|flws/0fsf] ;~rfng glthfdf
kg{ ;Sg] c;/ ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsPg .
89. cGt/ sfof{no lx;fa – cGt/ sfof{no lx;fa ut jif{ 8]la6 df}Hbft ?=&# s/f]8 ($ nfv /x]sf]df
of] jif{ ?=&( s/f]8 !! nfv k'u]sf] 5 . pQm /sdnfO{ jf;nftsf] ljljw ;fx' tyf cGo e'QmfgL
lbg'kg]{ zLif{sdf C0ffTds b]vfPsf] 5 . lx;fa km/kmf/s x'Fbf ptm lx;fj ;dfof]hg x'g] zLif{s olsg
gePsf]n] k|flws/0fsf] ljQLo l:yltdf kg]{ c;/ ;DaGwdf olsg ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g . pQm lx;fa
/fkm;fkm u/L ljQLo ljj/0f cBfjlBs ug'{kb{5 .
90. ;xfos C0f ;Demf}tf – k|flws/0fn] g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu ;xfos C0f ;Demf}tf u/L bft[ lgsfo, ljb]zL
a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yf;Fu lnPsf] C0f @)&% cfiff9 d;fGtdf ?=! vj{ @) ca{ @^ s/f]8 /x]sf]df
ljutb]lv g} g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lx;fa;Fu ldnfg u/L df}Hbft olsg u/]sf] 5}g . C0f tyf Aofh /sd
e'QmfgL tflnsf cg';f/ e'QmfgL x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . efvf ggf3]sf] / efvf gf3]sf] ;fFjf tyf Aofh
/sd b]lvg] u/L cfo'ut ljj/0f ;d]t tof/ u/]sf] 5}g . Aofh /sd e'QmfgL gu/L bfloTjdf b]vfpb}
cfPsf]n] aif]{lg j[l¢ eO/x]sf] 5 . C0f tyf Aofh lx;fa cBfjlws u/L e'QmfgL ug'{kb{5 .
91. cjsfz bfloTj - sd{rf/Lsf] pkbfg tyf k]G;g sf]ifdf jf:tljs bfloTj u0fgf gu/L of] jif{ ?=@
ca{ %) s/f]8 5'§ofPsfn]] pQm /sd kof{Kt eP gePsf] olsg ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g .
92. cfo n]vfÍg – cfDbfgLsf] nflu zfvfdf k|of]u ePsf] cfo n]vfÍg ;ˆ6j]o/n] b]vfPsf] / ljQLo
ljj/0fdf pNn]v ePsf] cf;fdL /sd aLrsf] leGgtfsf] ljut jif{b]lv g} lx;fa ldnfg u/]sf] 5}g .
cfo n]vfÍg ;ˆ6j]o/n] b]vfpg] ljj/0f kl5Nnf lqmofsnfkaf6 klxn] n]vfÍg u/]sf] ljj/0f g}
kl/is[t ug]{ / @)&% cfiff9 d;fGtsf] ljj/0f ;a} sfof{non] clen]v gu/]sf]n] jf:tljs leGgtf
/sd olsg ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g . u|fxssf] 3/, snsf/vfgf tyf sfof{nodf h8fg ePsf] ld6/
l/l8ªsf] z'4tf ;DaGwdf lgoldt ?kdf k|of]u eO/x]sf] pmhf{ ef/;Fu t'ngfTds ljZn]if0f ug]{, t];|f]
kIf k/LIf0f ug]{ tyf u|fxs;Fu df}Hbft ;dy{g u/L lx;fa le8fg ug]{ k|efjsf/L Joj:yf gePsf]
sf/0f ljB't laqmL afktsf] cfDbfgL /sd olsg ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g .
93. ljut jif{sf] vr{ – ljut jif{;Fu ;DalGwt tna tyf Hofnf, k|zf;lgs vr{, Aofh, dd{t ;Def/,
lhG;L / cGo vr{ ?=%& s/f]8 # nfv / n]vfÍg ug{ 5'6 cfDbfgL ?=^ s/f]8 ^$ nfv tyf ljut
jif{sf] clws vr{ k'g lx;fa ldnfg ?= @# s/f]8 &# nfv;d]t ?=@^ s/f]8 ^^ nfv ah]6 cefj
tyf k|zf;lgs l9nfOsf sf/0f ut jif{ n]vfÍg ug{ g;sL ;dfof]hg lx;facGtu{t sf]if tyf
;l~rt gfkmf zLif{saf6 o; jif{ vr{ n]vfÍg u/]sf] 5 . ut jif{sf] cfo;Fu ;DalGwt vr{ ?= %&
s/f]8 # nfv o; jif{ cfos/ k|of]hgsf] nflu vr{ bfaL ug{ gkfpg] x'Fbf k|flws/0fnfO{ @% k|ltztn]
x'g] ? !$ s/f]8 @^ nfv cgfjZos ?kdf s/sf] ef/ kg{ uPsf] b]lvG5 . ;dod} vr{ n]vf+sg gug]{
94. n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldlt – k|flws/0fsf] cfly{s k|zf;g ljlgodfjnL, @)^* sf] lgod @& -$_ sf] -6_
adf]lhd cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnLdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltn] ;+rfns ;ldltdf
jif{df sDtLdf b'O{ k6s sfo{ ;Dkfbg k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ePtf klg of] jif{ s'g}klg
k|ltj]bg k]z u/]sf] kfOPg . ;a} sfof{nosf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f x'g] gu/]sf], n]vfk/LIf0fsf]
k|ltj]bg 9fFrf lglZrt gePsf] / oL sfo{df n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltaf6 cg'udg;d]t gu/]sf]n]
n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldlt k|efjsf/L b]lvPg .
95. ;DklQ s/ – k|flws/0fn] @)^^.^& ;Dd Joj:yf u/]sf] ;DklQ s/ bfloTj ?= ^ s/f]8 @$ nfv &#
xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5}g eg] tTkZrft\ @)&#.&$ ;Dd bfloTj Joj:yf u/]sf] 5}g . o; jif{ Joj:yf
u/]sf] ?= ( nfv ^^ xhf/dWo] ?=! nfv !) xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . k|flws/0fn] @)&% cfiff9
d;fGt ;Dd ltg'{kg]{ ;DklQ s/ olsg u/]sf] 5}g .
96. cfos/ / d"No clej[l4 s/ – k|flws/0fn] x/]s jif{ ljQLo ljj/0f tof/ ug{ l9nf]] u/]sf]n] cfos/
P]g, @)%* adf]lhd k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] cfos/ cflZjg d;fGtleq a'emfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . of] jif{sf]
cfo ljj/0f l9nf a'emfPafkt r}q d;fGt;Ddsf] hl/afgf ?=# s/f]8 !! nfv k'u]sf]df ;f]sf] n]vfÍg
ePsf] 5}g / ljut jif{sf] cfos/ ?=& s/f]8 ($ nfv vr{ n]vfÍg u/]sf] 5 . k|flws/0f d"No
clej[l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ cGtu{t btf{ gePsf]n] d'No clea[l4 s/ nfUg] kf]n ef8f, ld6/ laqmL
cflbdf d"No clej[l4 s/ c;'n u/]sf] 5}g .
97. lgdf{0ffwLg ;DklQ – k|flws/0fsf] cfly{s k|zf;g ljlgodfjnL, @)^* sf] lgod #^-^_ adf]lhd
Joj:yfkgn] lgdf{0ffwLg ;Dkltsf] ef}lts k/LIf0f gu/]sf], ut ljut jif{b]lv lgdf{0ffwLg ;DklQ ?=!
ca{ ^@ s/f]8 #! nfv #) xhf/ /x]sf]df yk ePsf] b]lvPg . of] jif{;Dd sfo{ ;DkGg eO;s]sf
ljleGg cfof]hgsf ?=(& s/f]8 %& nfv #) xhf/ a/fa/sf] ;DklQ k'FhLs/0f gu/L jiff{Gtdf ?=@
s/f]8 &* nfv &) xhf/ C0ffTds df}Hbft b]vfPsf] 5 . ljQLo ljj/0fdf lgdf{0ffwLg ;DklQsf] z'?
df}Hbft, yk36 ePsf] / clGtd df}Hbft dfq pNn]v 5 . lgdf{0ffwLg ;DklQsf] OsfO{ut ljj/0f
v'nf;f u/]sf] 5}g . ;DKflQsf] oyfy{ lx;fa n]vf+sg x'g'kb{5 .
98. dx;'n aSof}tf – ljB't dx;'n aSof}tf ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf of] jif{ !$=$$ k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ ?=!%
ca{ %$ s/f]8 ^( nfv *& xhf/ k'u]sf] 5 . o;afx]s lng afFsL /sddWo] ljutdf z+sf:kb Joj:yf
u/]sf] ?=%^ s/f]8 &) nfvnfO{ of] jif{ lhDd]jf/L dfq ;f/]sf] kfOof] . aSof}tf /sd p7fpg kof{Kt
kxn u/]sf] kfOPg . dx;'n aSof}tfdWo] ;8s aQLsf] dfq ?=$ ca{ $% s/f]8 @) nfv /x]sf] 5 .
u|fxs ljt/0f s]Gb|x?n] sfnf] ;"rLdf /fv]sf u|fxssf] afFsL aSof}tf /sd 5'§} v'nfO{ n]vfÍg u/]sf]
kfOPg .
99. gub tyf a}Í – k|flws/0fsf] cfly{s ljlgodfjnL, @)^* cg'?k ;a} a}Í lx;fasf] dfl;s ?kdf
lx;fa ldnfg ljj/0f tof/ u/]sf] kfOPg . k|flws/0fn] ljut jif{ b]lv g} gub df}Hbft ?=! s/f]8
(% nfv b]vfPsf]df of] jif{ ;Dd ?=# s/f]8 %# nfv () xhf/ k'u]sf] 5 . gubdf k|fKt cfo bflvnf
gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf 5fgljg u/L lxgfldgf /sd c;"n u/L sf/jfxL ug'{kb{5 .
100. ljB't pTkfbg, k|zf/0f tyf ljt/0f r/0fsf] gf]S;fgL – k|flws/0fjf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ @)&#.&$
/ @)&$.&% sf] ljB't pTkfbg, k|zf/0f tyf ljt/0fsf] gf]S;fgL lgDgfg';f/ 5M
gf]S;fgL @)&$÷&% @)&#÷&$
pTkfbg, k|zf/0f tyf ljt/0fsf] s'n gf]S;fg @)=$% k|ltzt @@=() k|ltzt
k|zf/0f gf]S;fg %=^# k|ltzt %=)) k|ltzt
ljt/0f gf]S;fg !$=*@ k|ltzt !^=*@ k|ltzt
pQm tflnsfcg';f/ pTkfbg, k|;f/0f tyf ljt/0f r/0fdf ljB't r'xfj6 ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf
@=$% k|ltztn] 36]sf] 5 . o:t} k|;f/0f gf]S;fg ut{ jif{sf] t'ngfdf )=^# k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 eg]
ljt/0f gf]S;fg ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf @ k|ltztn] 36]sf] b]lvG5 .
101. lgMz'Ns k|fKt ljB'tsf] /sd – g]kfn / ef/t ;/sf/aLr ePsf] dxfsfnL ;lGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/n]
ljB't c+u|]hL Sofn]G8/ cg';f/ k|To]s jif{ & s/f]8 o'lg6 ljB't lgMz'Ns kfpg] tyf ;f]eGbf a9L
ljB't rflxPdf vl/b ug'{kg]{ k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 . k|flws/0fn] ef/taf6 @)&#.&$ / @)&$.&% df $)
s/f]8 @) nfv #@ xhf/ !)) o'lg6 ljB't cfoft u/]sf] dWo] @) s/f]8 !) nfv *) xhf/ @##
o'lg6 lgMz'Ns kfPsf] b]lvG5 . o;/L lgMz'Ns k|fKt ljB'tsf] d"No k|flws/0fn] g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k|lt
o'lg6 ?=$.&% sf b/n] ltg'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . k|flws/0fn] pQm b'O{ jif{sf] !$ s/f]8 o'lg6sf] k|lto'lg6
?=$.&% sf b/n] g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ltg'{kg]{ /sd n]vfÍg u/] tfklg lgMz'Ns jfkt a9L kfPsf] ^
s/f]8 !) nfv *) xhf/ @## o'lg6sf] ?=@( s/f]8 ! nfv #! xhf/ n]vf+sg u/]sf] 5}g . pQm /sd
n]vf+sg u/L g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ltg'{kb{5 .
102. sDkgL P]gsf] kfngf – sDkgL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf # cg';f/ klAns sDkgL :yfkgf ug{ sDtLdf &
hgf ;+:yfks x'g'kg]{df k|flws/0fsf Psn :jfldTjdf !) sDkgL / & hgfeGbf sd ;+:yfks x'g]
u/L clwsf+z :jfldTjdf # sDkgL :yfkgf ePsf 5g\ . o;y{ P]gsf] kfngf x'g] u/L sDkgL :yfkgf
ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .

tgxF' xfO8«f] kfj/ lnld6]8, @)&$.&%
103. ljQLo l:ylt tyf ;~rfng glthf – lnld6]8sf] ;]o/ k'FhL ?=! ca{ &! s/f]8 / bL3{sfnLg C0f ?=!
ca{ $$ s/f]8 !$ nfv /x]sf] 5 . l:y/ ;DklQ ?=! ca{ !$ s/f]8 (% nfv, lgdf{0ffwLg ;DklQ ?=!
ca{ &! s/f]8 %^ nfv / nufgL ?=@ s/f]8 ( nfv b]lvG5 . rfn' ;DklQ ?=@) s/f]8 %! nfv /
rfn' bfloTj tyf Joj:yf ?=@& s/f]8 %$ nfv ePsfn] v'b rfn' ;DklQ ?=& s/f]8 # nfv
C0ffTds 5 . o;/L hDDff v'b ;DklQ ?=@ ca{ *! s/f]8 %^ nfv /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;l~rt gf]S;fgL
ut jif{;DDf ?=@$ s/f]8 %* nfv /x]sf]df of] jif{ ?=## s/f]8 %* nfv k'u]sf] 5 .
104. hnljB't ;j]{If0f – sDkgLn]] lgdf{0f ul//x]sf] hn ljB't cfof]hgfsf] nflu C0f lnO{ Aofh ltl//x]sf]
cj:yfdf tNnf] e]s -8fpg :6«Ld_ df csf]{ hnljB't cfof]hgf ljsf;sf] ;j]{If0f;DaGwL sfo{sf] nflu
o; jif{ ?=@ s/f]8 * nfv %^ xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] cf}lrTok"0f{ b]lvPg .
kfj/ 6«fG;ld;g sDkgL g]kfn lnld6]8,@)&$.&%
pRr ef]N6]hsf] s|; af]8{/ k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf{0f ug]{ p2]Zon] @)^$ df sDkgLsf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] .
sDkgLdf g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f / hn ljB't nufgL tyf ljsf; sDkgL lnld6]8sf] ^$ k|ltzt / kfj/ u|L8
skf]{/]zg ckm OlG8of lnld6]8 tyf OGk|mf:6«Sr/ lnlhË P08 kmfO{gflG;on ;le{;]h OghL{ 8]enkd]G6 sDkgL
lnld6]8 OlG8ofsf] #^ k|ltzt :jfldTj /x]sf] 5 .
105. sfo{ ;Dkfbg l:ylt – sDkgLn] wg'iff lhNnfsf] 9Ns]a/b]lv dxf]Q/L lhNnfsf] le6[fdf]8 ;Dd $@=!
lsnf]ld6/ $)) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . ;g\ @)!^ sf] km]a|'j/L b]lv !#@ s]=eL= sf]
k|;f/0f nfOg k|of]udf NofPsf] / @@) s] eL k|;f/0f nfO{gsf] nflu sfo{ e} /x]sf] 5 .
106. ljQLo l:ylt tyf ;~rfng glthf – sDkgLsf] z]o/ k"FhL ?= ^) s/f]8 *) nfv, bfloTj ? ! ca{
!( s/f]8 %) nfv /x]sf] 5 . crn ;DklQ ?= ! ca{ @( s/f]8 ^# nfv / rfn' ;DklQ ?= %) s/f]8
^& nfv ;d]t s'n ;DklQ ? ! ca{ *) s/f]8 #) nfv /x]sf] 5 . utjif{ sDkgLsf] gfkmf ?= !#
s/f]8 * nfv /x]sf]df of] jif{sf] gfkmf ?=!@ s/f]8 ^# nfv /x]sf] 5 .
107. nfef+z ljt/0f – sDkgL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf !*@ df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ jf cf+lzs :jfldTj ePsf]
sDkgLn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{ nfef+z ljt/0f ug{ ;Sg] / nfef+z ljt/0f ;DaGwdf g]kfn
;/sf/n] lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]] Joj:yf 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt j]u/ sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f ;efn]
lg0f{o u/L o; jif{ ? % s/f]8 a/fa/ af]g; z]o/ / ? ( s/f]8 gub nfef+z ;d]t ?=!$ s/f]8
nfef+z ljt/0f u/]sf] b]lvG5 . P]gsf] Joj:yf kfngf u/L nfef+; ljt/0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
cg'udg tyf a]?h"
 cg'udg – ut jif{sf] k|ltj]bgdf ;f]em} vl/b u/]s]f, xhf{gf glnPsf], cfof]hgf x:tfGt/0f gu/]sf], u'0f:t/
k/LIf0f sdhf]/ /x]sf], k6s k6s Dofb yk u/]sf] cflb Joxf]/fx? cf}FNofOPsf]df ;'wf/ ePsf] b]lvPg .
;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltsf]] @)&# ;fndf k|sflzt kl5Nnf] k|ltj]bgdf l;FrfO dGqfno / dftxtsf
lgsfox?sf] a]?h" tyf xhf{gf c;'n ug]{, ;Dk/LIf0f u/fpg], cltqmd0f x6fpg], ljj/0f k]; ug]{, gD;{
agfpg] cflb lg0f{ox? u/]sf]df sfof{Gjog ug{ ;+:yfut Joj:yf gug'{sf ;fy}] lhDd]jf/L;d]t tf]s]sf] 5}g .
ljutsf Joxf]/f k'g/fj[lQ gx'g] u/L sfo{;Dkfbg ug'{kb{5 .
 a]?h" l:ylt – dGqfno / dftxt;d]t !(* lgsfodf of] jif{ ?=^ ca{ (% s/f]8 #) nfv ^( xhf/ a]?h"
b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fPkl5 ?=! ca{ $ s/f]8 %( nfv ( xhf/ km5\of{}6 u/]sf]n] ?=%
ca{ () s/f]8 &! nfv ^) xhf/ afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=# ca{ #@ s/f]8 !) nfv ($ xhf/ k]:sL
afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"rL !% df 5 .

sfg'g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo dfldnf dGqfno
g]kfn ;/sf/ sfo{ ljefhg lgodfjnL, @)&$ adf]lhd dGqfnosf] sfo{If]q cGt{ut ;+3Lo ljw]os,
cWofb]z tyf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 hf/L x'g] lgb]{lzsf, sfo{ljlwsf] th'{df tyf ;xdlt, sfg'gL /fo, g]kfn
/fhkqdf k|sfzg x'g] ;"rgfsf] ;Dkfbg, cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw ;D´f}tf, ;dembf/Lsf] cg'df]bg, x:tfIf/, ;lDdng
:jLs[lt jf ;dy{g, cGt/f{li6«o / cGt/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] ;b:otf k|fKtL, cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gL bfloTj /
cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng / jftf{df cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gsf] ljifodf ckgfpg'kg]{ b[li6sf]0fx?df k/fdz{ lbg], ;+3Lo
sfg'gsf] k|sfzg tyf ljt/0f, g]kfn kIf ePsf ;lGwsf] s]Gb|Lo clen]vLs/0f tyf k|sfzg nufot @#
lhDd]jf/L /x]sf 5g\ . dGqfnoaf6 df}h'bf sfg'gsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog, sfg'gL zf;gsf] k|Tofe"tL lbg],
hgtfdf sfg'gL zf;g / sfg'gL ;xfotfsf] k|efjsf/Ltf clej[l4 ug]{, ;+3Lo sfg'g th'{df ubf{ ;}4flGts
;xdlt k|bfg ug]{, sfg'gsf] PsLs/0f tyf ;+lxtfs/0f, ;+ljwfg cg's'n x'g] u/L df}h'bf sfg'gdf ;+zf]wg,
kl/dfh{g, k'g/fjnf]sg u/L sfg'g / Gofo k|0ffnLsf] cWoog cg';Gwfg x'b} cfPsf] 5 .
dGqfno / dftxt lgsfosf] of] jif{ ljlgof]]hg ?=!% s/f]8 %& nfv !^ xhf/, /fh:j ?=!$ xhf/,
w/f}6L ?=@ nfv @% xhf/ / cGo sf/f]af/ #) nfv !& xhf/ ;d]t ?= !% s/f]8 *( nfv &@ xhf/sf]
n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;f] sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
!= ;+u7g ;+/rgf – dGqfno dftxt !! sfof{no /x]sf 5g\ . dGqfnoaf6 ;Dkfbg x'g] sfd
sf/afxLnfO{ Jojl:yt tyf k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;Dkfbg ug{ dGqfnodf % dxfzfvf dfkm{t ;]jf k|jfx
x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . xfn dGqfnon] ;+3Lo lghfdtL ;]jf dfkm{t, ;+3Lo ;+;b, ljleGg dGqfno, ;+j}wflgs
cfof]u÷lgsfo k|b]z dGqfno, k|b]z ;ef nufotsf lgsfodf sfg"g ;d'xsf sd{rf/L dfkm{t ;]jf
k|jfx ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
@= sfo{ k|ult – sfo{ ljefhg lgodfjnL, @)&$ adf]lhd dGqfnon] sfg'gsf] ;+zf]wg, vf/]h, th'{df /
d:of}bf pk/ ;xdlt lbg'kg]{ Joj:yf adf]lhd g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg hf/L eP kZrft\ dGqfnosf] ;xdlt
dfkm{t k|rlnt @$@ sfg'gsf] ;+zf]wg tyf !# P]g / $& lgodfjnL vf/]h eO{ !@& j6f gofF P]g
hf/L ePsf 5g . jt{dfg ;/sf/ u7g kZrft\ #& P]g / * cWofb]z hf/L ePsf 5g . dGqfnosf]
jflif{s sfo{qmdcg';f/ o; jif{ gofF ;}4flGts ;xdlt, gofF ljw]os d:of}bf th{'df ;xdlt, ;+zf]wg
ljw]os d:of}bf th{'df ;xdlt / gofF lgod th{'df ;xdlt;d]t !)% sfo{qmd :jLs[t ePsf]df ^%
sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
 a]?h" l:ylt – dGqfno / dftxt;d]t & lgsfodf of] jif{ ? @& nfv ($ xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df km5\of}{6
gu/]sf]n] afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL – !% df 5 .

s[lif tyf kz'kG5L ljsf; dGqfno
dGqfnosf] sfo{If]qdf s[lif / kz' ljsf; ;DaGwL gLlt of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf] th'{df, sfof{Gjog,
cg'udg / d"NofÍg ug]{, vfBfGg, gub]afnL, cf}Bf]lusafnL, t/sf/L / kmnk"mn v]tLsf] ljsf; tyf k|j4{g
ug]{, s[lif cg';Gwfg / k|ljlw lj:tf/ ug]{, s[lif OlGhlgol/Ë / pGgt s[lif cf}hf/sf] cg';Gwfg ljsf; tyf
lj:tf/, kz'kfng tyf ljsf;, Joj:yfkg, kz'kG5Lsf hft, gZnsf] u'0f:t/ lgwf{/0f, k|df0fLs/0f tyf lgodg,
kz'kG5L ;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf cWoog ;j]{If0f ug]{ nufotsf sfo{x? kb{5g\ . dGqfno / cGtu{tsf $)@
sfof{noaf6 ;]jf k|jfx x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
dGqfno / dftxt lgsfosf] of] jif{ ljlgof]hg ?=@$ ca{ #* s/f]8 &# nfv, /fh:j ?=$% s/f]8 (^
nfv, w/f}6L ?= %! s/f]8 ^# nfv / cGo sf/f]af/ ?=%! s/f]8 *% nfv;d]t ?=@% ca{ ** s/f]8 !& nfvsf]
n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf]] 5 . ;Ful7t ;+:yf ;ldlt / cGo ;+:yf;d]t !$ lgsfosf] ?=!% ca{ ^) s/f]8 (^
nfvsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ M
1. of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog – rf}wf}+ of]hgf -@)&#.&$–&%.&^_ n] s[lif If]qdf j[l4 b/ $=& k|ltzt / s'n ufx{:Yo
pTkfbgdf s[lif If]qsf] of]ubfg #)=$ k|ltzt x'g] nIo tf]s]sf]df dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt ljj/0f cg';f/ qmdzM
@=& / @&=^ k|ltzt eO{ %&=$% / ()=&( k|ltzt k|ult ePsf] 5 . ux'F, bnxg, kmnk"mn, lrof / df5f
pTkfbgdf nIocg';f/ k|ult ePsf] 5}g . kz'kfngdf o'jfnfO{ cfslif{t ug]{ sfo{qmd nfu" ug{ g;s]sf],
cg'bfg /sdsf] pknlAw d"NofÍg x'g g;s]sf], kz'kfng sfo{sf] Joj;foLs/0f x'g g;s]sf] cj:yf
/x]sf]n] rf}wf}+ of]hgfsf] ck]lIft nIo xfl;n x'g;Sg] b]lvFb}g .
2. ah]6 sfof{Gjog – cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% sf] ah]6 aStJodf ;dfj]z ePsf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] l:ylt
b]xfoadf]lhd 5g\ M
2.1. s[lif k|0ffnLnfO{ j}1flgs, Jofj;flos / jftfj/0f tyf hnjfo' cg's"lnt agfO{ lbuf] ljsf;sf] cfwf/
tof/Ldf s[ifssf] Ifdtf ljsf;, ;|f]t aLp pTkfbg, afnL /f]u Joj:yfkg ug{ k|wfgdGqL s[lif
cfw'lgsLs/0f kl/of]hgfdfkm{t s[ifs juL{s/0f, dfkb08 k'g/fjnf]sg tyf s[ifs kl/rokq ljt/0f;DaGwL
sfo{ ug]{ pNn]v ePsf]df ;f] Joj:yfkg ug{ sfo{ljlw tof/ u/]sf] 5}g . cg'bfg ljt/0faf6 k|fKt
k|ltkmnsf] ;d]t d"NofÍg ug]{ u/]sf] 5}g .
2.2. dWo kxf8L nf]sdfu{ / pQ/ blIf0f nf]sdfu{sf] glhs s[lif ahf/sf] k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f u/L s[ifssf] ahf/
kx'Fr j[l4 sfo{qmdcGtu{t ;'v]{tdf If]qLo s[lif pkh yf]s ahf/sf] k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f eP tfklg cGo
:yfgdf ;f] sfo{ ePsf] 5}g . g]kfnL s[lif pTkfbg lgof{t ug{ a|fl08ª ul/g] sfo{qmd /x]sf]df ;f] sfo{
ePsf] 5}g . ;fd"lxs v]tL ug]{ s[ifsnfO{ PsLs[t ?kdf k|fljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg !%& ljBfyL{nfO{
;DalGwt Ans, hf]g / ;'k/hf]gdf ^ dlxgfsf] nflu v6fPsf]df ;f] sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsfl/tf ljZn]if0f
u/]sf] 5}g .
2.3. b]ze/ s[lif aLdf lj:tf/ ug]{ sfo{qmdcGt{ut aLdf lk|ldodsf] &% k|ltzt cg'bfg lbg] sfo{nfO{
lg/Gt/tf lbP tfklg ;a} ls;fgnfO{ ;d]6\g ;s]sf] 5}g . /f;foflgs dn / pGgt aLpdf lbFb} cfPsf]
cg'bfgnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbP tfklg dfucg';f/ dn aLp ljt/0f x'g g;s]sf], s[lif / kz'kfngnfO{
Joj;foLs/0f u/L o'jfnfO{ s[lif If]qdf cfslif{t ug]{, b'Uw kbfy{df cfTdlge{/ x'g b'Uw pBf]u :yfkgf
u/L o'jfnfO{ /f]huf/L k|bfg ug]{ sfo{df nIocg';f/ k|ult ePsf] 5}g .
2.4. ufO{sf] gZn ;'wf/ u/L pTkfbg j[l4 ug{ ;DefJo :yndf pGgt k|hgg s]Gb| :yfkgf ug]{ sfo{qmd
cGt{ut ^ nfv %) xhf/ 8f]h ljo{ ljt/0f ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df $^ xhf/ ^&* ljt/0f u/]sf], ! nfv
%) xhf/ ln6/ t/n gfO6«f]hg ljt/0f ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df @) xhf/ !( ln6/ ljt/0f u/]sf] / ^)
hgfnfO{ s[lqd uef{wfg tflnd lbg] nIo /x]sf]df @! hgfnfO{ tflnd k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .

2.5. s[lif tyf kz'kG5L shf{sf] Aofhdf % k|ltzt cg'bfgsf] Joj:yfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] sfo{qmd /x]sf]df
ul/j ls;fgnfO{ ;j{;'ne ?kdf shf{ k|fKt ug{ sl7g /x]sf] b]lvPsf]n] a}Íaf6 k|jfx u/]sf] shf{sf]
cg'udg u/]sf] b]lvPg .
ctM ah]6 jStJodf plNnlvt sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogdf Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
3. ;+u7g ;+/rgf – dGqfno / # ljefu;lxt !!* sfof{nodfkm{t sfo{qmd ;~rfng x'g] u/L ;+u7g
;+/rgf tof/ ePsf] 5 . ;fljssf] lhNnf s[lif ljsf;
sfof{no / lhNnf kz';]jf sfof{nosf] sfd :yfgLo txdf of] jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 d'VotM of]hgf
x:tfGt/0f u/]sf]df xfn k|b]zcGtu{t s[lifsf cnu cnu tyf ah]6sf] cf+lzs sfof{Gjog ePsf],
sfof{nosf] :yfkgf ePsf 5g\ . oBlk :yfgLo, k|b]z / ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txaLr ;dGjo x'g]
;+3Lo txjLr ;dGjo ug]{ ;+oGq tof/ u/]sf] 5}g . u/L ;+u7g ;+/rgf gePsf], cg'bfg
o;af6 # j6} txaf6 ;Dkflbt sfo{sf] ;du| d"NofÍgdf ljt/0f / pkof]u k|efjsf/L g/x]sf],
sl7gfO x'g] b]lvG5 .
pknAw hgzlQmsf] pkof]u u/L k/fdz{
4. cg'bfg – dGqfnon] of] jif{ k'ik Joj;fo k|j4{g, vr{ sd ug]{ k|of; gePsf], km/s km/s
/f;folgs dn vl/b, kmnk"mn aLp lahg, dT:o ljsf;, b/df vl/b u/L Jooef/ a9fPsf],
afnL ;+/If0f, afnL ljsf;, s[lif k|;f/, s[lif tyf vfB pks/0f pkof]u gu/L df}Hbft /fv]sf],
;'/Iff, t/sf/L v]tL, kf]v/L lgdf{0f, Ps lhNNff Ps lgb]{lzsf ljk/Lt a}7s eQf vr{ u/]sf],
pTkfbg, s[lif cf}hf/nufotsf s[lif;DaGwL lqmofsnfk P]gcg';f/ ljiffbL Joj:yfkg ug{
;~rfng ug{ #@ cfof]hgfcGtu{t cg'bfg ljt/0f ug{ g;s]sf], 3'DtL sf]ifsf] k|efjsf/L pkof]u
?=!! ca{ $& s/f]8 *& nfv ljlgof]hg ePsf]df x'g g;s]sf], kz'kG5L pkrf/ ;]jf
/f;folgs / cGo dn vl/bsf] nflu s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgL
k|efjsf/L g/x]sf], a]jfl/; kz'sf] plrt
lnld6]8nfO{ ?=# ca{ !( s/f]8 %% nfv / ;fN6 6]«l8ª
skf]{/];g lnld6]8nfO{ ?=! ca{ #( s/f]8 *( nfv pknAw Joj:yfkg x'g g;s]sf], uf]bfd tyf
u/fPsf] ;d]t ?=* ca{ && s/f]8 $^ nfv vr{ ePsf] 5 . sf]N8 :6f]/]h lgdf{0f cw'/f] /x]sf]
o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f b]xfocg';f/ 5g\M nufotsf Joxf]/f b]lvPsf]n] ;'wf/
ug'{kb{5 .
4.1. dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ ljut % jif{sf] s[lif If]qsf]
pTkfbg j[l4sf] cg'bfg / pTkfbgsf] cj:yf lgDgfg';f/
/x]sf] 5M
vfBfGg pTkfbg -d]=6g t/sf/L pTkfbg -d]=6g kmnk"mn pTkfbg -d]=6g
cg'bfg xhf/df_ xhf/df_ xhf/df_
cfly{s jif{
-?=s/f]8df_ k|ult k|ult k|ult
pTkfbg pTkfbg pTkfbg
k|ltzt k|ltzt k|ltzt
2070/71 899 9563 95.94 3589 103.36 979 104.14
2071/72 1071 9266 90.75 3629 100.8 992 84.06
2072/73 1004 8614 79.16 3643 99.64 1097 87.06
2073/74 1078 9345 100.02 4125 111.48 975 80.51
2074/75 877 9657 98.62 4099 107.86 1010 75.42
cg'bfg / pTkfbgsf] t'ngf ubf{ @)&!.&@ df cg'bfg vr{df !(=!# k|ltzt j[l4 ePsf]df
vfBfGg pTkfbg #=!) k|ltztn] 36L tyf @)&#.&$ df cg'bfg vr{ &=#& k|ltzt j[l4 ePsf]df kmnk"mn
pTkfbg !!=!@ k|ltzt 36L ePsf] 5 . ljut % jif{df ;du|df t/sf/L pTkfbgtkm{ nIo cg';f/ pTkfbg
eP tfklg vfBfGg / kmnk"mn pTkfbgtkm{ nIocg';f/ pTkfbg ePsf] 5}g . cg'bfgsf] ;b'kof]u u/L
pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug'{kb{5 .

4.2. k|To]s jif{ gofF sfo{qmd k|:tfj ug]{, sfo{ljlw / lgb]{lzsfdf k6s k6s ;+zf]wg x'g], Ps} k|s[ltsf
lqmofsnfkdf km/s km/s sfo{ljlw tof/ x'g], sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf ;/n / :ki6 gx'g]
jf:tljs s[ifssf] klxrfg gug]{ h:tf sf/0faf6 cg'bfgsf] pkof]u k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
4.3. ds}sf] pGgt aLp, dl;gf tyf jf;gfbf/ wfgsf] pGgt aLp / ;|f]t aLpdf &% k|ltzt cg'bfg lbg]
u/]sf], ds}sf] ;|f]t aLp, d]l;g/L, kfj/ l6n/nufot cGo k|zf]wg pks/0f, dl;gf wfgsf] ;|f]t aLp,
lx+pb] sf]z]afnL aLp, oGq pks/0f / e08f/ 3/df %) k|ltzt cg'bfg lbg] u/]sf] 5 . 9'jfgL /
Ifdtf ljsf;, Kofs]lhª tyf a|f08Lª, xl/of] dnsf] pGgt aLp / aLp k/LIf0f cflbdf ;t k|ltzt
cg'bfg lbg] u/L lgb]{lzsf tof/ ul/Psf 5g\ . o;/L cg'bfg b/ km/s ug'{sf] cf}lrTo v'nfPsf] 5}g .
cg'bfgdf Ps?ktf Nofpg sfo{ljlw / lgb]{lzsfsf] k'g/fjnf]sg x'g'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
4.4. cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #^-!_ df :jLs[t ah]6sf] ;Ldfleq /xL lgwf{l/t sfo{df vr{
ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . :jLs[t sfo{qmdcg';f/ /f;foflgs dn vl/bsf] nflu cg'bfg lbg] Joj:yfcg';f/
s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgL lnld6]8 / ;fN6 6«]l8ª skf]{/];g lnld6]8nfO{ kl/df0fsf] cfwf/df ;~rfng vr{
?=%@ s/f]8 ** nfv ^( xhf/ yk cg'bfg lbPsf] 5 . :jLs[t sfo{qmddf dn vl/bdf cg'bfg lbg]
Joj:yf ePsf]df cGo k|zf;lgs sfo{df cg'bfg vr{ ug{ ldNg] b]lvFb}g . o;df lgoGq0f x'g'kb{5 .
4.5. cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg] sfo{ljlw cg';f/ cg'bfgu|fxL ;+:yfn] 36Ldf % jif{;Dd sfd ug'{kg]{,
of]hgfcg';f/ sfd gu/]df jf % jif{ cufj} t/sf/L v]tL sfo{ aGb u/]df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt
cg'bfg /sd k|rlnt b/cg';f/ Aofh ;lxt lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . t/sf/L ljsf; lgb]{zgfnon]
lk|l;hg tyf k|f]6]S6]8 xl6{sNr/ k|ljlwaf6 t/sf/L v]tL ug]{ sfo{qmdcGtu{t sf7df8f}F, nlntk'/,
g'jfsf]6, dsjfgk/', sfe|], l;Gw'kfNrf]s, lrtjg, s}nfnL / ndh'ªsf ($ ;+:yfnfO{ hL=cfO{=kfOk
6g]n, g]r'/n e]lG6n]6]8 lu|gxfp; / Plu|g]6 xfp; lgdf{0fsf] nflu ?=( s/f]8 $! nfv *( xhf/
cg'bfg lbPsf] 5 . lgb]{zgfnon] cg'bfgu|fxLsf] clen]v /fvL cg'udg u/]sf] b]lvPg . ;Demf}tf
cg';f/ sfd eP gePsf] cg'udg x'g'kb{5 .
4.6. Ps lhNnf Ps pTkfbg sfo{qmdcGtu{t lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, ;'g;/Ln] Ps s[lif kmd{df df5fsf]
bfgf pTkfbg ug]{ d]l;g h8fg gx'Fb} ?=(! nfv (& xhf/ cg'bfg e'QmfgL u/]sf] lgod;Ddt b]lvPg .
4.7. cg'bfg /sdsf] p2]Zod"ns pkof]u ;DaGwdf cg'udg u/L ;b'kof]u gug]{af6 /sd lkmtf{ lng],
pBdL, s[ifs / ;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ cg'bfg lbFbf pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj a9fpg], k|ljlw jf
pks/0f÷;fdu|L, If]qkmn÷;+Vof lj:tf/ ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug], pTkfbg nfut 36fpg] / k|lt:kwf{Tds
Ifdtf a9fpg] k|ljlw÷;fwgx?, ul/aL lgjf/0f tyf /f]huf/L l;h{gfdf ;xof]u ug]{ If]qdf cg'bfg
pknAw u/fpg] gLlt cjnDag ug'{kb{5 . To:t} k|ljlw÷;fwgx?, pTkfbg ;fdu|Lx?, /f;foflgs dn,
k|fËfl/s dn, pGgt aLp lahg, l;FrfO, d]l;g/L cf}hf/, h}ljs tyf /f;foflgs ljiffbL tyf aLdf
lk|ldod h:tf If]qdf afnL j:t'sf] lsl;d, ef}uf]lns If]q, ;Defljt hf]lvd / nfut ;xeflutfsf]
cfwf/df ;dfg kx'+r x'g] u/L k|bfg u/L cg'bfg /sdsf] k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
5. j}b]lzs ;xfotf – bft[ lgsfosf] cg'bfg tyf C0f ;xof]udf ;~rflnt lgDg ( cfof]hgfdf ?=## ca{
#( s/f]8 && nfv vr{ ug]{ ;Demf}tf ePsf]df xfn;Dd ?=!( ca{ !( s/f]8 (! nfv vr{ ePsf] 5M
-/sd ?=nfvdf_
cfof]hgf ;~rfng ePsf cfof]hgf cfof]hgf ;Demf}tf
l;=g++= cfof]hgfsf] gfd bft[ lgsfo vr{ vr{ k|ltzt
lhNnf z'? jif{ ;DkGg jif{ /sd
1. Joj;flos s[lif tyf Jofkf/ ljZj a}Í &% lhNnf 2066/67 2074/75 55800 50126 89.83
cfof]hgf
2. hnjfo' k|sf]k ;d'Tyfg lgdf{0f ljZj a}Í emfkfb]lv s}nfnL ;Dd @% 2070/71 2074/75 5154 6073 117.83
cfof]hgf lhNnf
3. s[lif tyf vfB ;'/Iff cfof]hgf ljZj a}Í dWoklZrd / ;'b"/ 2069/70 2074/75 63292 51743 81.75
klZrdsf !( lhNnf
4. PsLs[t hn;|f]t Joj:yfkg ljZj a}Í dWoklZrd / ;'b"/ 2071/72 2074/75 6516 5557 85.28
cfof]hgf klZrdsf $$ lhNnf
5. ;fgf tyf demf}nf s[ifs P=l8=aL= dWoklZrd / ;'b"/ 2067/68 2075/76 25920 11834 45.65
cfo:t/ j[l4 cfof]hgf klZrdsf !) lhNNff
6. pRr d"No s[lif j:t' ljsf; cfO{kmf8 dWoklZrdsf & lhNnf 2068/69 2075/76 14720 14878 101.00
cfof]hgf
7. ls;fgsf nflu pGgt aLp cfO{kmf8 klZrd / dWoklZrdsf ^ 2069/70 2075/76 47760 24804 51.93
lahg sfo{qmd lhNnf
8. pRr kxf8 s[lif Joj;fo tyf Pl;ofnL pRr kxf8L !) lhNnf 2068/69 2074/75 26943 26234 97.36
hLljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/ cfof]hgf ljsf; a}Í
9. g]kfn nfOe:6s ;]S6/ ljZj a}Í @* lhNnf 2074/75 2080/81 87872 742 0.85
Ogf]e]zg cfof]hgf
hDdf 333977 191991 57.48
;fgf tyf demf}nf s[ifs cfo:t/ j[l4 cfof]hgfsf] **=*( k|ltzt cjlw ;dfKt x'Fbf $%=^%
k|ltzt / ls;fgsf nflu pGgt aLp lahg sfo{qmdsf] *%=&! k|ltzt cjlw ;dfKt x'Fbf %!=(# k|ltzt
ljlQo k|ult /x]sf]n] afFsL cjlwdf tf]lsPcg';f/ sfo{k|ult x'g] cj:yf b]lvFb}g .
6. k/fdz{;]jf vr{ – b]xfosf ( cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfut ?=## ca{ $! s/f]8 #% nfv ePsf]df of] jif{ ?=#
ca{ #^ s/f]8 ^@ nfv;d]t xfn;Dd ?=!( ca{ !( s/f]8 %^ nfv vr{ u/]sf 5g\ . pQm vr{dWo]
k/fdz{;]jfdf ?=@ ca{ &! s/f]8 #% nfv -!$ k|ltzt_ vr{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . k/fdz{;]jfdf !=(% b]lv
@#=^( k|ltzt;Dd vr{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
-/sd ?=nfvdf_
vr{ dWo]
of] jif{sf] xfn ;Ddsf] k/fdz{ ;]jfsf]
l;=g+= cfof]hgfsf] gfd s'n nfut k/fdz{ ;]jfsf]
vr{ vr{ vr{
vr{ k|ltzt
1. Joj;flos s[lif tyf Jofkf/ cfof]hgf, sf7df8f}+ 55800 12637 50126 8094 16.14
2. ;fgf tyf demf}nf s[ifs cfo:t/ j[l4 cfof]hgf, g]kfnuGh 25920 2269 11834 2390 20.19
3. s[lif tyf vfB ;'/Iff cfof]hgf, sf7df8f}+ 63292 3208 51743 9798 18.94
4. ls;fgsf nflu pGgt aLp lahg sfo{qmd, a'6jn 47760 6666 24804 1027 4.14
5. pRr d"No s[lif j:t' ljsf; cfof]hgf, ;'v]{t 14878 2448 14843 3516 23.69
6. hnjfo' k|sf]k ;d'Tyfg lgdf{0f cfof]hgf, sf7df8f}+ 5154 1772 6073 1397 23
7. PsLs[t hn;|f]t Joj:yfkg cfof]hgf, nlntk'/ 6516 1083 5557 337 6.06
8. pRr kxf8 s[lif Joj;fo tyf hLljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/ cfof]hgf 26943 2999 26234 511 1.95
9. g]kfn nfOe:6s ;]S6/ Ogf]e];g cfof]hgf 87872 580 742 65 8.76
hDdf ?= 334135 33662 191956 27135 14.13
bft[ lgsfo;Fusf] ;Demf}tfdf j}b]lzs ;xfotfaf6 s[ifsnfO{ cg'bfg ljt/0f ug{ k/fdz{;]jfsf]
clgjfo{tfn] ubf{ ;/sf/L lgsfodf sfo{/t hgzlQmsf] pkof]u cj:yf Go"g /x]sf] 5 . ctM cfof]hgf
;~rfng ubf{ ;/sf/L lgsfodf pknAw hgzlQmsf] pkof]u u/L k/fdz{bftf vr{df sdL Nofpg'kb{5 .
7. /f;folgs dn – /fli6«o dn gLlt, @)%* df /f;foflgs dnsf] ;DefJo vktsf] sl/a @) k|ltzt
kl/df0f hu]8f /xg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . s[ifssf] dfu ljZn]if0f gu/L jflif{s # nfv #* xhf/ d]l6«s 6g
/f;foflgs dn vl/b ug{ cg'bfg lbPsf]n] dfucg';f/ cfk"lt{ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . dGqfnoaf6
/f;foflgs dn cfjZostfsf] ljZn]if0f u/L vl/b tyf ljt/0f sfo{of]hgf tof/ gu/]sf]n] dn
cfk"lt{df ;d:of b]lvPsf] 5 . cfjZostf ljZn]if0f u/L dfu / cfk"lt{aLr ;Gt'ng ldnfpg'kg]{
b]lvG5 .
8. km/s b/df vl/b – ;fN6 6]«l8ª skf]{/];g lnld6]8n] ax/fOgaf6 k|lt d]l6«s 6g ?=#@ xhf/ ^^* sf b/n]
@& xhf/ !(! d]l6«s 6g o'l/of dn vl/b u/]sf] 5 eg] rLgaf6 k|lt d]l6«s 6g ?=$! xhf/ #& sf b/n]
%& xhf/ &$^ d]l6«s 6g vl/b u/]sf] b]lvof] . rLgaf6 vl/b ubf{ k|lt d]l6«s 6g ?=* xhf/ #^( sf
b/n] ?=$* s/f]8 #@ nfv &^ xhf/ a9L nfut kg{ uPsf] 5 . o;}u/L ;fN6 6«]l8ª skf]{/];gn] rLgaf6
cfoft u/L Ps sDkgLaf6 cf};tdf k|lt d]l6«s 6g ?=$^ xhf/ ^( sf b/n] @@ xhf/ !%( d]l6«s 6g
l8PkL dn vl/b u/]sf] 5 eg] ;f]xL b]zsf] csf]{ Ps sDkgLaf6 k|lt d]l6«s 6g ?=%# xhf/ (^@ n] !(
xhf/ %$!=#) d]l6«s 6g vl/b u/]sf]n] k|lt d]l6«s 6g ?=& xhf/ *(# n] x'g] ?=!% s/f]8 ^! nfv ($
xhf/ a9L nfut k/]sf]] 5 . cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df d"No 36a6 e}/xg] k|j[lQ /x]sf] x'Fbf ;dodf vl/b of]hgf
agfO{ vl/b ug{ g;Sbf ?=^# s/f]8 ($ nfv &) xhf/ a9L nfut k/]sf] 5 . vl/b nfut sd kg]{ u/L
vl/b of]hgf / vl/b k|lqmofsf] cjnDag ug'{kb{5 .
9. ljB't dx;'n – s[lif pkh e08f/0f ul/g] zLt e08f/ tyf b'Uw lr:ofg s]Gb| ;~rfngdf nfUg] ljB't
dx;'ndf %) k|ltzt 5'6 lbg] gLltcg'?k @)&).&! b]lv @)&#.&$ ;Dd #* zLte08f/sf] aSof}tf
ljB't dx;'n ?=!^ s/f]8 ^) nfv (* xhf/dWo] hl/afgf afx]ssf] ?=( s/f]8 (^ nfv %( xhf/
g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fnfO{ e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . ;lrj:t/sf] @)&$.&.@* sf] lg0f{odf s[lif zLt e08f/
/ b'Uw lr:ofg s]Gb|sf] cj:yf cg'udg ug]{ pNn]v ePsf]df ljB't dx;'n aSof}tfsf] ;DaGwdf
cg'udg÷d"NofÍg gu/L ljB't lan a]u/ e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 .
10. s[lif pBd s]Gb|nfO{ cg'bfg – /fli6«o:t/df ;jn, ;zQm, lbuf] / lghL If]q lgb]{lzt pRr cfly{s
ljsf;df of]ubfg k'¥ofpg lgof{t of]Uo pRr d"Nosf s[lifhGo j:t'sf] pBf]u, Joj;fosf] klxrfg,
Kofs]lhª tflnd, pBdzLn tflnd, e08f/0f Ifdtf lj:tf/nufotsf sfo{ ug{ ^ cfof]]hgfcGt{utsf
sfo{sf] nflu g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3cGt{utsf] s[lif pBd s]Gb|nfO{ @)&).&! b]lv @)&$.&%
;Dd pRr d"No s[lif j:t' sfo{qmddf ?=* s/f]8 $% nfv @% xhf/, pRr kxf8L s[lif Joj;fo tyf
hLljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/ sfo{qmddf ?=!# s/f]8 (@ nfv ^* xhf/, ;fgf tyf demf}nf s[ifs cfo:t/ j[l4
sfo{qmddf ?=% s/f]8 %# nfv (& xhf/, ls;fgsf nflu pGgt aLp lahg sfo{qmddf ?=!* s/f]8
$& nfv ^* xhf/, Ps ufpF Ps pTkfbg sfo{qmddf ?=!( s/f]8 @$ nfv $! xhf/, Ps lhNnf Ps
pTkfbg sfo{qmddf ?=@* s/f]8 ! nfv $( xhf/;d]t ?=93 s/f]8 ^% nfv $* xhf/ cg'bfg
pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . pRr d"No s[lif j:t', hLljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/, cfo:t/ j[l4, pGgt aLp lahg
nufotsf sfo{qmd dGqfno dftxtsf cfof]hgfaf6 ;d]t ;~rfng ePsf] cj:yfdf s]Gb|nfO{ lbPsf]
cg'bfgaf6 ;~rfng x'g] sfo{qmddf pknlAw ;'lglZrttf u/]sf] 5}g . ctM cg'bfg pkof]u / pknlAw
;DaGwdf dGqfnon] cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg u/L cg'bfgsf] lg/Gt/tfdf k'g/fjnf]sg ug'k{ b{5 .
11. pks/0f vl/b – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod # df vl/b cfjZostfsf] klxrfg ug'{kg]{
Joj:yf 5 . dGqfnon] kz'kfng ;j]{If0fsf] nflu !*) yfg 6\ofapks/0f vl/b u/L ?=$^ nfv @$ xhf/
/ kz':jf:Yo lgb]{zgfno, lqk'/]Zj/n]] !)) yfg 6\ofapks/0f vl/b u/L ?=@@ nfv ^) xhf/ ;d]t
?=^* nfv *$ xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf]df pQm ;fdfg df}Hbft d} /x]sf] b]lvof] . pks/0f vl/b u/L df}Hbft
/fv]sf]n] pQm ;fdfg gfl;g] / u'0f:t/df x|f; cfpg] xF'bf cfjZostf klxrfg gu/L vl/b ug]{
kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ ;fdfg pkof]udf Nofpg'kb{5 .
12. aLdf lk|ldod – of] jif{sf] ah]6 jStJodf afnL tyf kz'kG5L aLdfafkt lt/]sf] lk|ldodsf] &%
k|ltzt cg'bfg s[ifsnfO{ pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf pNn]v 5 . pQm aLdfsf] lk|ldod cg'bfg pknAw
u/fpg] lgb]{lzsf, @)&) adf]lhd aLdf ;ldltsf] dfu cg';f/ of] jif{ ?=#) s/f]8 $^ nfv %! xhf/
afnL tyf kz'wg aLdf sf]if ;ldltdf lgsf;f lbPsf] 5 . jf:tljs aLldt ;+Vof, aLdf lk|ldod
/sd;lxtsf] clen]v k]; gePsf]n] aLdf sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsfl/tf ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsPg . dGqfnon]
cWoog ljZn]if0f u/L k|efjsfl/tf x'g] u/L sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{kb{5 .
13. j}b]lzs e|d0f – of] jif{ s[lif dGqfno / cGtu{tsf *@# hgf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;|f]taf6 Joxf]l/g] u/L
ljleGg d'n'sdf j}b]lzs e|d0f ubf{ ?=!$ s/f]8 &^ nfv $! xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] b]lvof] . ls;fgsf
nflu pGgt aLp lahg sfo{qmd cGtu{t h'g !% b]lv @@, @)!* ;Dd @# sd{rf/L ef/tsf] pQ/
k|b]zdf kg]{ cfu|f, xl/of0ffsf] sgf{n e|d0f u/]sf]df e|d0f vr{ lgodfjnL, @)^$ cg';f/ b}lgs
eQfsf] %) k|ltzt e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{df k"/} e'QmfgL u/]sf] / gofF lbNnL l:yt ljleGg :yfgsf] cjnf]sg
e|d0f u/]sf] dWo] b'O lbg pQ/ k|b]zsf] dy'/f, tLg lbg xl/ofgfsf] sgf{n / sf7df8f}+ kms]{sf] lbgsf]
k'/} b}lgs eQf e'QmfgL ePsf]n] plNnlvt k|fjwfg cg';f/ a9L e'QmfgL ePsf] ?=( nfv $$ xhf/
tyf leotgfd, nfcf]; / sDaf]l8ofdf e|d0f u/]sf #* sd{rf/LnfO{ sf7df8f}}+ kms]{sf] lbgsf] k'/} b}lgs
eQf e'QmfgL ePsf]n] a9L e'QmfgL ePsf] ?=! nfv $& xhf/ ;d]t ?=!) nfv (! xhf/ c;'n
ug'{kb{5 .

s[lif ljefu
14. e'/f df5f – :jLs[t gD;{cg';f/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{kb{5 . lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, wg'iffn]
/fxt sfo{qmdcGtu{t @! s[ifsnfO{ df5f e'/f k|lt s[ifs ! xhf/ b]lv !) xhf/sf b/n] %( xhf/
%%) uf]6f ljt/0f u/]sf] b]lvof] . dT:o ljsf; tflnd s]Gb|, hgsk'/sf] :6fG88{ lkm+u/ ln+Ë # b]lv
$=% u|fdsf e'/f k|lt uf]6f ?=!.%) / s[lif laefusf] :6fG88{ lkm+u/ ln+Ë $=% u|fd tf}n ;Ddsf e'/fsf]
k|lt uf]6f b/ ?=!.&% /x]sf]df sfof{non] ljefu tyf s]Gb|;Fu ;dGjo gu/L !)) u|fd ;Ddsf *)
xhf/ &%) uf]6f e'/f k|lt uf]6f ?=%(.%) b]lv ?=*(.%) ;Dddf vl/b u/]sf] 5 . :jLs[t sfo{qmddf
$=% u|fd ;Dd tf}nsf df5f e'/f ljt/0f ug]{ Joj:yf /x]sf]df !)) u|fdsf e'/f df5f ljt/0f u/L
?=^% nfv *% xhf/ yk Jooef/ kf/]sf] 5 . o;df ;DalGwtnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
15. xf]d:6] ;~rfng – t/sf/L ljsf; lgb]{zgfnon] cuf{lgs s[lif ko{6g, cuf{lgs len]h, df]8{g lu|g 6'/
len]h h:tf s[lif ko{6g k|j4{g sfo{qmd cGt{ut %) k|ltzt cg'bfgdf s}nfnL, ;'g;/L, ;f]n'v'Da' /
pbok'/df xf]d:6] :yfkgf / ;~rfngsf] sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg tyf vr{sf] ljj/0f a]u/ $ ;+:yfnfO{
?=(& nfv %) xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . a'ªcfn' / :yfgLo s[lif pkh laqmLsf] nflu xf]d:6] ;~rfng
ug{ ;f]n'sf] Ps xf]d:6];Fu ?=%% nfv #& xhf/sf] ;Demf}tf u/L ?=%# nfv $! xhf/sf] sfo{ ;DkGg
ePsf] elg ?=@$ nfv #& xhf/ cg'bfg pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . s[lif pkh pTkfbgsf] nflu cfjZos
dn, aLp / v]tL ;+/If0fdf cg'bfg ljt/0f gu/L xf]d:6] lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfngdf sfo{qmd to u/L
vr{ u/]sf]n] cg'bfgsf] p2]Zo d"ns pkof]u ePsf] b]lvPg .
16. ljiffbL Joj:yfkg – hLjggfzs ljiffbL P]g, @)$* / lgodfjnL, @)%) n] tf]s]sf] kl/lwleq /xL
ljiffbLsf] cfoft, pTkfbg, lsga]r tyf k|of]usf] ;d'lrt cg'udg, lgoGq0f / ljiffbL Joj:yfkg
ug'{kg]{ Joj:yfcg';f/ KnfG6 Sjf/]G6fOg Pj+ ljiffbL Joj:yfkg s]Gb|n] kmnk"mn tyf t/sf/L afnLdf
ljiffbLsf] cjz]if ljlwaf6 dfkgug]{ sfo{ & k|of]uzfnfaf6 $ xhf/ &*@ gd'gf k/LIf0f ubf{ $ xhf/
^$^ u|Lg, !)# kFx]nf] / ## df /ftf] :t/sf] ljiffbL cjz]if e]l6Psf] 5 . ljiffbL cjz]if b'|t ljZn]if0f
OsfO{, sflndf6Ln] of] jif{ ! xhf/ *%) j6f gd'gf k/LIf0f u/]sf]df ! kx]Fnf] / # /ftf] / ! xhf/
*$^ gd'gf xl/of] b]vfPsf] 5 . xl/of] :t/sf] j:t' pkef]u of]Uo dflgPsf] 5 . ljiffbL cjz]if
b]lvPsf j:t'sf] pkef]u tyf k|of]un] dfgj :jf:Yodf uDeL/ c;/ kl//x]sf]n] ljiffbL cfoft,
pTkfbg, laqmL ljt/0fsf r/0fdf P]g, lgodadf]lhd s8fOsf ;fy ljiffbL Joj:yfkg ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
17. vl/b k|lqmof – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !) / !! df lgdf{0f sfo{ tyf
dfn;fdfg vl/b ubf{ nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{kg]{, lgod #! df ?=@) nfveGbf a9L nfut cg'dfg
ePsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ jf dfn;fdfg af]nkqsf] dfWodaf6 vl/b ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . k'ik ljsf; s]Gb|n]
ˆnf]l/sNr/ P;f]l;o;gnfO{ lbPsf] ?=# s/f]8 #@ nfv @& xhf/ cg'bfgdWo] P;f]l;o;gn] lu|g xfp;
lgdf{0fnufotsf sfo{sf] nflu & lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ k|lt:kwf{af6 lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fPsf] k|df0f a]u/
?=@ s/f]8 ^% nfv @ xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . lgodsf] kfngf x'g'kb{5 .
18. aLpsf] u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f – lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, a}t8Ln] %) k|ltzt cg'bfgdf pGgt ux'F, ds}
e6df;sf] d"n aLp ljt/0f tyf aLh j[l4 sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ^ ;+:yfaf6 To:tf aLp vl/b u/L ?=@(
nfv &$ xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . s[ifsaf6 u/]sf] vr{sf] clen]v g/fv]sf] tyf ;a} aLpsf] pdf/zlQm
k/LIf0f gu/L aLp ljt/0f u/]sf]n] u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f u/L ljt/0f ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
19. ejg lgdf{0f – s[lif ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ s]Gb|, nlntk'/n] sfof{no ejg, 6]lnlehg :6'l8of] tyf Pkm=
Pd= 6fj/ lgdf{0f ug{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ? ! s/f]8 (( nfvsf] ;+emf}tf u/L utjif{;Dd ? ! s/f]8
@ nfv !& xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ @)&%.!.!# df lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{kg]{df ^)
k|ltztdfq lgdf{0f ;DkGg u/]sf] / ;f] kZrft\ Dofb yk;d]t gePsf]n] afFsL sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ ;Demf}tf
cg';f/ cfjZos lg0f{o ug'{kb{5 .

kz';]jf ljefu
20. df;' k;nsf] cg'udg – kz' jwzfnf / df;' hfFr P]g,@)%% df Ohfhtkq glnO{ df;' k;n
;~rfng u/]df b08 ;hfosf] Joj:yf 5 . To:t} ;+o'Qm ahf/ cg'udg lgb]{lzsf, @)^( df df;'
k;nsf] cg'udg ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . ljefu / dftxt lgsfon] o; jif{ b]ze/sf] df;' k;ndWo] $*$
sf] cg'udg ubf{ @** -^$ k|ltzt_ btf{ geO{ ;~rfngdf /x]sf] / #)* -^) k|ltzt_ dfkb08 k"/f
gu/L ;~rfngdf /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . btf{ gePsf / dfkb08 k"/f gu/]sf df;' k;ndfly
sfg'gadf]lhd sf/afxL x'g'kb{5 .
21. kz'hGo pTkfbg – kz'hGo pTkfbgtkm{ ut cfly{s jif{df k|ltJolQm k|lt jif{ $* sf b/n] k'Ug] u/L
c08f pTkfbg ug]{ nIo /fv]sf]df %) uf]6f k'u]sf], df;' tkm{ k|ltJolQm k|lt jif{ !$ lsnf]u|fdsf b/n]
pTkfbg ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df !@=$ lsnf]u|fd k'u]sf], ef/taf6 cfoft x'g] v;L af]sfsf] cfoftdf sld
cfPsf], b"wdf k|lt JolQm k|lt jif{ (! ln=sf b/n] pTkfbg ug]{ nIo /fv]sf]df &!=& ln= pTkfbg
ePsf] 5 . b]ze/df b"w, df;' / c08fsf] dfu / pTkfbg cj:yf b]xfocg';f/ /x]sf] 5M
qm=;+ ljj/0f OsfO{ cfjZostf pTkfbg cj:yf
!= b"w d]=6g -xhf/df_ @%($ @)*%
@= df;' d]=6g -xhf/df_ #&( #$&
#= c08f uf]6f -s/f]8df_ !#% !$&
b'Uw pTkfbgdf j[l4 eP;Fu} :6f]/]h Ifdtfdf j[l4 gePsf] / b'Uw kbfy{sf] vktdf hf]8 glbFbf
ls;fgn] pTkfbg u/]sf] b"w laqmL gx'g] cj:yf l;h{gf ePsf]n] kfp8/ b"w pTkfbg tyf cGo j:t'sf]
pTkfbg ug]{tkm{ ;d]t Wofg lbg'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
22. ;fdfgsf] pkof]u – :yfgLo txdf s/f/df vl6g] ! xhf/ % ;o k|fljlws sd{rf/LnfO{ kz';DaGwL
;lh{sn pks/0f, dfOs|f]:sf]k, ;]lG6«ô"h / s'naS; h:tf ;fdfg ljt/0f ug{ # cfk"t{saf6 ?=%
s/f]8 #% nfv %( xhf/df vl/b u/]sf] 5 . vl/b ePsf ;fdfg If]qLo kz' ;]jf k|of]uzfnfx?df
df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 . vl/b ePsf ;fdfgsf] ;d'lrt pkof]u x'g'kb{5 .
23. 3'DtL sf]if – kz' :jf:Yo lgb]{zgfnon] @)&$.&% sf] PsLs[t cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ u/]sf] 5}g . ut
jif{sf] cfly{s ljj/0fdf 3'DtL sf]ifdf ?=@$ s/f]8 @$ nfv cfDbfgLdWo] ?=! s/f]8 (@ nfv nufgL u/L
?=@@ s/f]8 #@ nfv df}Hbft /x]sf] pNn]v 5 . 3'DtL sf]ifsf] k|efjsf/L pkof]u eP gePsf] olsg u/L
PsLs[t cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ u/L df}Hbft /sd /fh:j vftfdf bflvnf ug{'kb{5 .
24. vf]k vl/b – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod %)-#_ df sfof{nosf] cfjZostf eGbf a9L
;fdfg vl/b ug{ gx'g] pNn]v 5 . kz':jf:Yo lgb]{zgfnon] /fli6«o vf]/]t/f]u lgoGq0f sfo{qmdcGtu{t !*
nfv 8f]h vf]k / /fli6«o kz'/f]u lgoGq0f sfo{qmdcGtu{t l8:kf]hn l;l/Gh÷lg8n #@ nfv yfg vl/b
u/L ?=# s/f]8 $ nfv vr{ u/]sf] 5 . vl/b ePsf vf]k tyf l;l/Gh / lg8ndWo] ?=! s/f]8 $% nfv
d"Nosf ;fdfg df}Hbftdf /x]sf] 5 . cfjZostfsf] cfwf/df dfq To:tf vf]k ;fdu|L vl/b u/L ;dod}
pkof]u x'g] Joj:yf ug{'kb{5 .
25. kz'kG5L pkrf/ ;]jf M kz'kG5L pkrf/ ;]jf, kz':jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo agfpg kz'hGo /f]usf]
/f]syfd, pkrf/ / vf]k sfo{cGt{ut ufO{, e}+;L, afv|f, s's'/, la/fnf], s'v'/f xfF;, a+u'/ v/fof]nufot !#
xhf/ @^& kz'kG5Lsf] pkrf/, ^@) ufO{ e};Ldf s[lqd uef{{wfgsf] dfWodaf6 gZn ;'wf/, @ xhf/
(() gd'gf ;Íng tyf % xhf/ %^% kz'kG5Lsf] /f]u lgbfg u/L pkrf/, @^! PS;/]af6 /f]u lgbfg,
;fem]bf/Ldf s's'/ aGWofs/0f / /]aLh/f]u lgoGq0f sfo{qmdaf6 ! xhf/ %& kf]yL s''s'/sf] aGWofs/0f
tyf /]aLhvf]k, ! xhf/ s's'/nfO{ lgz'Ns /]aLhvf]k, # xhf/ ($^ kz' tyf !* xhf/ $& kz'kG5Lsf]
/f]u lgbfgsf] sfo{ u/]sf]5 . s]lGb|o l/km/n kz' lrlsT;fnon] kz' ;]jf pknAw u/fPafkt of] jif{ ?
# nfv *@ xhf/ cfDbfgL u/]sf] 5 . pko{'Qm tYofÍcg';f/ kz' pkrf/ ;]jf Go"g /x]sf]n]
lrlsT;fnon] k|bfg ug]{ kz' pkrf/ ;]jf ;'wf/ u/L ;]jf lj:tf/ ug{ cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 .

26. cg'bfg e'QmfgL – kz'kG5L ahf/ k|j4{g sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog sfo{ljlw, @)&$ sf]] a'Fbf g+= $ -u_ df
k"FhLut ;fem]bf/Ldf sfof{non] s'g} lglZrt sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{sf] nflu k|bfg ug]{ cg'bfg /sdnfO{
s'n nfutsf] &) k|ltzt dfgL afFsL #) k|ltzt /sd ;DalGwt ;fem]bf/n] cfkm\gf] cfGtl/s ;|f]taf6
nufgL u/L sfo{qmd ;DkGg ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . kz'kG5L ahf/ k|j4{g lgb]{zgfnon] o'jf nlIft kz'kG5L
ahf/ k|j4{g sfo{qmd cGt{ut u|fdL0f Xofr/L :yfkgf ug{ &) k|ltzt /sddf % k|ltzt slG6h]G;L s§f
u/L cg'bfg vr{ n]Vg'kg]{df sfo{ljlwdf pNn]v ul/Psf] cg'kftdf gu/L cg'bfg /sdnfO{ !)) k|ltzt
dfgL ;f]sf] #) k|ltzt ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfn] Joxf]g]{ u/L ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] sf/0f ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfnfO{ ?=#*
nfv #@ xhf/ yk e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . ;Demf}tf ljk/Lt yk vr{ n]v]sf] /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
27. /fh:j – afv|f ljsf; kmfd{, a'9Ltf]nfn] k|hgg\ of]Uo v/L hft / af]o/ hftsf] afv|f tyf v/L hftsf]
af]sf laqmL ubf{ lhNnf b//]6eGbf afv|f !)) / af]sf @)) k|ltzt 36L b/df laqmL u/]sf]n] lhNnf
b/cg';f/ c;'n ug'{kg]{ ?=! nfv &$ xhf/ / s[lif kmfd{ s]Gb|x?sf] bf]xf]/f] dfu{ Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL
tyf cltl/Qm sfo{qmd ;~rfng sf]if;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)^) cg';f/ v'b d'gfkmfdWo] !% k|ltzt
/sd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;l~rtsf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yfcg';f/ kz' ljsf; kmfd{, sf:sL cGt{ut
kf]v/f df]8n 8]/L / bfgf pBf]usf] ?=% nfv &% xhf/;d]t ?=& nfv $( xhf/ c;'n u/L
;l~rtsf]if bflvnf x'g'kb{5 .
28. af]o/ af]sf – s[lif tyf vfB ;'/Iff cfof]hgfcGtu{t lhNnf kz';]jf sfof{no, bfr'{nfn] of] jif{ !))
af]o/ af]sf vl/b tyf ljt/0f u/]sf] egL ?=#) nfv vr{ n]v]sf] 5 . sfof{non] tof/ u/]sf] clen]v
k'l:tsfdf %& af]sfdfq ljt/0f u/]sf] pNn]v ePsf]n] sd ljt/0f b]lvPsf] $# af]o/ af]sfsf] d"No
?=!@ nfv () xhf/sf] ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L jf:tljstf olsg ug'{kb{5 .
o;}u/L ;f]xL sfo{qmdcGtu{t lhNnf kz';]jf sfof{no, 8f]Nkfn] of] jif{ afv|f vl/bdf ?=(
nfv vr{ n]v]sf]df Ps dlxnf ;d"xnfO{ afv|f vl/b ug{ lbPsf] afv|fsf] kmf]6f] g} ;+nUg u/L
tfdfvfgL s'v'/fkfng ;d"xnfO{ afv|f vl/bdf ?=# nfv cg'bfg lbPsf]n] Pp6} sfo{df bf]xf]/f] cg'bfg
lbPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . cfjZos 5fglag u/L jf:tljstf olsg x'g'kb{5 .
29. a]jfl/;] ufO{ afR5fafR5L Joj:yfkg – cfly{s ;e]{If0fcg';f/ g]kfndf xfn ufO{÷uf]? sl/a &$ nfv
/x]sf] b]lvG5 . kz'sf] plrt Joj:yf ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] kz' sNof0f lgb]{lzsf, @)&# nfu" u/]sf] 5 .
kz';]jf ljefusf] tYofÍcg';f/ s}nfnL / s~rgk'/df dfq # xhf/ $%) 5f8f kz' /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
kz' pTkfbg lgb]{zgfnon] a]jfl/;] ufO{ afR5fafR5L Joj:yfkgsf] nflu * kz' sNof0f k|j4{g
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{] ;+:yfnfO{ ?=#* nfv ^* xhf/ cg'bfg lbPsf]df sfo{qmdsf] k|ult tyf
;+/rgf lgdf{0f sfo{sf] cg'udg u/L k|ult lnPsf] b]lvPg . b]ze/ /x]sf 5f8f afR5fafR5Lsf] plrt
Joj:yfkg ug{ ljefun] Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
vfB k|ljlw tyf u'0f lgoGq0f ljefu
30. cg'udg tyf sf/afxL – ljefu / cGt{ut sfof{noaf6 ! xhf/ !(* pBf]usf] cg'udg, %%& vfB
pBf]u btf{, ! xhf/ %(* sf] gljs/0f, vfB cfoft, lgof{t, cg'udgcGt{ut $% xhf/ ^& gd'gf
k/LIf0f, /fhdfu{sf $^# /]i6'/]G6 cg'udg, t'?Gt ;Djf]wg x'g] 6f]nLdfkm{t ^!$ k6s cg'udg;d]t
u/]sf] 5 .
o;}u/L ljefuaf6 %^) vfg]kfgL gd'gf k/LIf0f ubf{ !$) gd'gfdf s}lkmot b]lvPsf] dWo]
%$ gd'gf sf/afxLsf] nflu d'2f bfo/ u/]sf] 5 . dfgj :jf:Yodf k|lts"n c;/ kfg]{ u/L b"lift kfgL
pTkfbg / laqmL ljt/0f ug]{ pBf]unfO{ sf/afxL ePsf] b]lvFb}g . vfB P]g, @)@# cg';f/ cfjZos
sf/afxL ul/g'kb{5 .
31. vfB gd'gf ;Íng Pj+ k/LIf0f – vfB P]g, @)@# df ;j{;fwf/0fn] pkof]u ug]{ vfB kbfy{af6 dfgj
:jf:Yodf k|lts"n c;/ kg{ glbg Go"gtd u'0f:t/ lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 . o; jif{ ljefu / dftxt
sfof{no ;d]taf6 ljleGg vfB j:t'sf] @ xhf/ *!# gd'gf ;Íng u/L k/LIf0f u/]sf]df #%$ -!#

k|ltzt_ j:t' :jLs[t :t/cg';f/ gePsf] pNn]v 5 . k/LIf0f ul/Psf] ;+Vof cToGt Go"g b]lvPsf] 5
eg] k/LIf0f ul/Psf s]xL vfB j:t'sf] u'0f:t/ :jLs[t :t/eGbf sd :t/sf] /xg'n] dfgj :jf:Yodf
c;/ kg]{ hf]lvd /x]sf] 5 . sd u'0f:t/Lo ;fdu|L, pTkfbg, laqmL / ld;fj6 ug]{nfO{ sf/afxL
ug'{kb{5 .
32. d'2f km};nf – vfB P]g, @)@# cg';f/ of] jif{ ljleGg vfB j:t'sf] @ xhf/ *!# gd'gf k/LIf0f ubf{
#%$ gd'gf k|lts"n b]lvPsf] dWo] ljefuaf6 %$, If]qLo sfof{no lj/f6gu/af6 !#, x]6f}F8faf6 !!(,
e}/xjfaf6 !@, g]kfnuGhaf6 !@ / wgu9Laf6 !$ u/L @@$ gd'gf ;+Vof sf/afxLsf] nflu lhNnf
k|zf;g sfof{nodf d'2f bfo/ ePsf] 5 . ljut % jif{df o:tf] d'2f bfo/ ;+Vof ! xhf/ !(^ /x]sf]n]
cg'udg k|efjsf/L agfpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
Jofj;flos s[lif tyf Jofkf/ cfof]hgf
ljZj a}Ísf] ;xof]udf ;~rflnt of] cfof]hgf @)^^ df z'? eO{ @)&%.#.!^ ;Dd ;~rfngdf /x]sf]
b]lvG5 . s'n nfut ?=^ ca{ ** s/f]8 &) nfvdWo] of] jif{;Dd ?=% ca{ ! s/f]8 @^ nfv vr{ ePsf]df
ljZj a}Í ;|f]ttkm{sf] ?=$ ca{ ^@ s/f]8 & nfv /x]sf] 5 . Jofj;flos b[li6sf]0fn] dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf s[lif
pkhx?sf] d"No >[ª\vnfdf cfa4 ;fgf ls;fg, s[lif ;xsf/L, Joj;foL tyf pBdLx?sf] k|lt:kwf{Tds
Ifdtfdf ;'wf/ ug]{ p2]Zon] of] cfof]hgf ;~rfng ePsf] b]lvG5 .
33. ;du| k|ult – cfof]hgfsf] s'n cjlwdf rf]ef/df lgdf{0ffwLg yf]s ahf/ ;'ljwf ejg lgdf{0fdf
#!=$! k|ltzt dfq ljQLo k|ult ePsf] 5 . o;}u/L klxnf]b]lv 5}7f} r/0fsf sfo{qmdcGtu{t
Joj;flos s[lif k|j4{gsf] nflu ! xhf/ $)* pkcfof]hgfsf] ;Demf}tf ePdWo] ! xhf/ @!^
pkcfof]hgfnfO{ cg'bfg ljt/0f u/]sf]df ! xhf/ !%& pkcfof]hgf dfq ;~rfngdf /x]sf] b]lvof] .
cfof]hgfn] tf]lsPsf j:t'sf] pTkfbsTj @% k|ltzt, pTkflbt s[lif j:t'sf] ahf/Ls/0fdf #) k|ltzt
tyf laqmLdf @% k|ltztn] j[l4 u/] tfklg 8]/L -b"w_ pTkfbg / k|ToIf nfeflGjt ;+Voftkm{ qmdzM !=^
/ #@=^ k|ltzt dfq k|ult u/]sf] b]lvof] .
34. pk–cfof]hgf ;~rfng – cfof]hgfn] ! xhf/ @!^ pkcfof]hgfnfO{ ?=2 ca{ 18 s/f]8 30 nfv
cg'bfg lbPsf] dWo] ;DkGg pkcfof]hgfx? ;~rfngdf /x]÷g/x]sf] ;DaGwdf k/fdz{bftfdfkm{t !!% -
(=$% k|ltzt_ pkcfof]hgfsf] cWoog u/]sf]df @@ -!(=!# k|ltzt_ pkcfof]hgf ;~rfngdf g/x]sf]
pNn]v 5 . ;f] cfwf/df @#@ pkcfof]hgf ;~rfngdf g/x]sf tL pkcfof]hgfnfO{ pknAw u/fPsf]
cg'bfg ?=$! s/f]8 &^ nfv pknlAwljxLg x'g] b]lvPsf] 5 .
cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ;xof]u ;d"xsf] sfof{no, kf]v/fn] @%^ pkcfof]hgfsf] ?=! ca{ #)
s/f]8 (@ nfvsf] sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] hgfO{ ?=%& s/f]8 %$ nfv cg'bfg e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 .
sfo{;DkGg ePsf pkcfof]hgfdWo] t/sf/L, cb'jf, b"w k|zf]wgsf !% pkcfof]hgf ;~rfngdf g/x]sf]
Joxf]/f hgfPsf] 5 . pkcfof]hgf ;~rfng gug]{ cg'bfgu|fxL pk/ pkcfof]hgf ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf,
@)&) tyf ;Demf}tfcg';f/ cfjZos sf/afxL u/L sfo{qmd ;~rfngnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg'kb{5 .
35. cg'bfg lkmtf{ – klxnf] / bf];|f] r/0fsf pkcfof]hgfdWo] @^ pkcfof]hgf ;~rfng gePsf] sf/0f
cg'bfg lbPsf] ?=! s/f]8 #@ nfv #^ xhf/ lkmtf{ lng'kg]{ b]lvPsf] dWo] ?=%^ nfv &^ xhf/ lkmtf{
k|fKt u/]sfn] !% ;+:yfaf6 ?=&% nfv ^) xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ;xof]u ;d"xsf] sfof{no, nlntk'/af6 Ps ;xsf/L ;+:yf;Fu 8]/L pBf]u
pkcfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ ?=&) nfv &# xhf/sf] ;Demf}tf ePsf]df sfo{ ;DkGg gu/]sf]n] klxnf]
ls:tfafktsf]] ?=( nfv *@ xhf/ lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
36. ;~rfng – dGqfnocGt{ut ;a} lhNnfdf lhNnf s[lif ljsf; / kz';]jf sfof{no /x]sf] cj:yfdf
pQm lgsfox?dfkm{t pkcfof]hgfsf] :yfkgf, cg'bfg ljt/0f tyf cg'udg x'g;Sg] kof{Kt cj:yf
/x]sf] l:yltdf 5'§} cfof]hgf sfof{no :yfkgf u/L ;~rfng vr{, ;fdu|L tyf ;jf/L;fwg, j}b]lzs
e|d0f tyf k/fdz{df ?=! ca{ (* s/f]8 ^$ nfv -s"n vr{sf] $) k|ltzt_ vr{ u/]sf] 5 . cfof]hgf

:yfkgf x'Fbf cfˆgf] ;+u7g ;+/rgfaf6 x'g;Sg] sfo{;d]t 5'§} cfof]hgf :yfkgf u/L yk vr{ ePsf]n]
vr{df ldtJolotf /x]sf] kfOPg .
37. lbuf]kgf – s[lif Joj;foLx?sf] dfudf cfwfl/t a[xt\ Joj;fo k/fdz{;]jf, uxg Joj;fo ljsf; ;]jf,
Joj:yfksLo tyf k|fljlws k/fdz{ ;]jf, ahf/Ls/0f tyf ahf/df kx'Fr, nufgL tyf ljQdf kx'Fr
;DaGwL ;]jf, k|ljlwdf kx'Fr Pj+ k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f h:tf ;]jfx? z'Ns lnO{ k|bfg ug{ g]kfn s[lif
Joj;fo gjk|jt{g s]Gb| -g]ljs_ :yfkgfsf nflu k/fdz{bftfnfO{ ?=& s/f]8 *) nfv e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 .
pQm s]Gb| sDkgL P]g, @)^# cGtu{t d'gfkmf ljt/0f gug]{ sDkgLsf ?kdf :yfkgf ePsf] 5 .
cfof]hgfsf] cjlw ;dfKt eO;s]sf] tyf g]kfn ;/sf/n] s'g} ljlQo lhDd]jf/L glnPsf] cj:yfdf
s]Gb|sf]] lbuf]kgfsf nflu cfjZos ljlQo ;|f]tsf]] ;DaGwdf :ki6 dfu{lrq tyf of]hgf to gePsfn]]
pQm vr{sf] cf}lrTo :yflkt x'g] b]lvb}g .
38. cg'bfgsf] pkof]u – cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ;xof]u ;d"xsf] sfof{no, lj/f6gu/n] Ps afv|f kmfd{
vf]6fªnfO{ kf7f vl/b, afv|f vf]/ lgdf{0f, ;fOn]; lk6 lgdf{0f ug{ ?=&# nfv *# xhf/ / bfgf
9'jfgLsf nflu ;jf/L ;fwg vl/b ug{ ?=@@ nfv %) xhf/ ;d]t ?=(^ nfv ## xhf/ cg'bfg
lbPsf]df pQm kmfd{df tf]lsPsf] ;+Vofdf afv|f g/x]sf], ;+/rgf eTs]sf] / uf8L pkof]u gePsf] b]lvof] .
To:t} df;' k|zf]wg s]Gb|, vf]6fªnfO{ Jojl:yt df;' k;n ;~rfng ug{ ?=#$ nfv %( xhf/ e'QmfgL
u/] dWo] ejg lgdf{0fsf] nflu ?=* nfv &@ xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] 5 . ejgsf] ! sf]7fdf @ lk|mh /
ljB'tLo hf]Vg] d]l;g pkof]uljxLg cj:yfdf /x]sf] kfOof] . 6x/f lgdf{0fdf ?=!% nfv ^# xhf/
cg'bfg lbPsf]df @ v;L dfq /x]sf] b]lvof] . lgld{t ejg / 6x/f k"0f{ Ifdtfdf ;~rfng gePsf]n]
cg'bfgsf] k|efjsf/L pkof]u ePsf] b]lvPg .
39. cg'bfg vr{ – cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ;xof]u ;d"xsf] sfof{no, nlntk'/n] @$^ pk cfof]hgfnfO{
cg'bfg pknAw u/fPsf] dWo] @) cg'bfgu|fxLn] ;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf] sfo{ ;DkGg gu/L km/kmf/s
u/]sf] b]lvof] . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ kfFr jif{ gk'u]sf $@ pkcfof]hgfsf] nut /fvL] pkcfof]hgf lg/Gt/tf
eP÷gePsf] af/]df cg'udg u/]sf] 5}g . o;}u/L nfeu|fxL ;+:yf & n] pkcfof]hgf ;~rfngsf] nflu
?=! s/f]8 @^ nfv !% xhf/ cg'bfg lnPsf]df pkcfof]hgfsf] k|fljlws d"NofÍgcg';f/ ?=(( nfv
&^ xhf/sf] dfq sfo{ u/]sf]n] a9L e'QmfgL ePsf] ?=@^ nfv $) xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
pRr d"No s[lif j:t' ljsf; cfof]hgf
u/La, dlxnf tyf ;LdfGts[t hgtfnfO{ pRr d"No s[lif j:t' / u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ tyf
hl8a'6LhGo j:t'sf] d"No >[ª\vnfdf cfa4 u/fpFb} ahf/Ls/0f Ifdtfdf ;'wf/ NofO{ cfo cfh{g / /f]huf/Lsf
cj;/ l;h{gf ug{ ;'v]{t, hfh/sf]6, sfnLsf]6, ;Nofg, c5fd, h'Dnf / b}n]v lhNnfdf @)^& df of] cfof]hgf
:yfkgf ePsf] xf] . cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfut ?=! ca{ $& s/f]8 @) nfv /x]sf] dWo] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ?=!#
s/f]8 $% nfv / afFsL cfOkmf8 / g]b/NofG8 ljsf; lgof]u Pj+ hg;xeflutf /x]sf] 5 . of] jif{;Dd
cfof]hgfdf ;f]em} e'QmfgL ?=@^ s/f]8 #$ nfv & xhf/ ;d]t ?=! ca{ &% s/f]8 !! nfv (& xhf/ vr{
ePsf] 5 .
40. cfof]hgfsf] pknlAw – cfof]hgfaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ cfof]hgfsf] sfo{If]qdf :ofp, cb'jf,
v;L÷af]sf, a]df};dL t/sf/L, l6d'/ / a];f/ v]ltsf] Joj;flos If]qkmndf !$( k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf]
b]lvG5 . v]tL u/]sf] If]qkmn j[l4 eP tfklg nfeflGjt kl/jf/ ;+Vof *# k|ltzt, s[lif j:t'sf]
pTkfbgdf *( k|ltzt, s[lif j:t' laqmL j[l4df *) k|ltzt, ;d"x tyf ;xsf/Lsf] Ifdtf j[l4df *)
k|ltzt / lghL ;]jf k|bfossf] ;]jf lj:tf/sf] lg/Gt/tfdf *@ k|ltzt / ;a} 3/kl/jf/sf] ;DklQ
j[l4 nIosf] t'ngfdf $@ k|ltzt dfq ePsf]n] nIocg';f/ k|ult ePsf] 5}g .
41. cg'bfg k|jfx – pkcfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ ;Demf}tf ePsf ;a} cg'bfgu|fxL ;+:yfn] ;Demf}tfcg';f/
nufgL ug'{kb{5 . cg'bfgu|fxLn]] nufgL ug{ saf]n u/]sf] /sdsf] &@ k|ltztdfq} nufgL u/]sf]
b]lvPsf] 5 . cfof]hgfn] cg'bfg ;Demf}tf ?=^% s/f]8 () nfvsf] ;f]xL cg'kftdf ?=$& s/f]8 $%
nfv cg'bfg lbg'kg]{df ?=%% s/f]8 &( nfv pknAw u/fPsf]n] ?=* s/f]8 #$ nfv a9L e'QmfgL
lbPsf] 5 . pkcfof]hgf ;~rfngdf cg'bfgu|fxL;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tfsf] kfngf gx'Fbf cfof]hgfnfO{ a9L
cfly{s Jooef/ k/]sf] b]lvof] . ;Demf}tfsf] zt{ adf]lhd cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 .
42. cg'bfg pkof]u – cg'bfg pknAw u/fpFbf k|ultsf] cfwf/df 5}7fF}+ ls:tf;Dddf /sd lbg] gLlt /x]sf]
5 . cg'bfg lng] s[ifsdWo] ^! s[ifsnfO{ klxnf] ls:tfsf] cg'bfg ?=! s/f]8 @* nfv pknAw
u/fPkl5 k|ult ljj/0f k]; gu/]sf] tyf bf];|f] ls:tf lng gcfPsfn]] sfo{;Dkfbg gu/]sf] b]lvFbf
cg'bfg lkmtf{ ug'{ u/fpg'kb{5 . cg'bfgu|fxL s[ifsn] cfof]hgf;Fu u/]sf] ;Demf}tfcg';f/ cfof]hgfaf6
?=* s/f]8 (( nfv !& xhf/ / cg'bfgu|fxLn] ?=% s/f]8 &# nfv !% xhf/;d]t s'n ?=!$ s/f]8
&@ nfv #@ xhf/sf] nufgL x'g] pNn]v ePsf]df bf];|f] ls:tf;Dd ?=& s/f]8 !% nfv #% xhf/
cg'bfg lbPsf]df t];|f] ls:tfsf] /sd lng gcfPsf] tyf k|ult ljj/0f klg k]; u/]sf] b]lvPg . tf]lsP
adf]lhdsf] sfo{;DkGg gePsf] cj:yfdf @)# pkcfof]hgfdWo] !^% pkcfof]hgf km/kmf/s u/]sf] 5 .
;Demf}tfadf]lhd pkof]u gePsf] cg'bfg lkmtf{ ug{'kb{5 .
43. sf]N8 :6f]/]h lgdf{0f – ;'v]{tdf sf]N8 :6f]/]h ejg lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfg ?=!! s/f]8 % nfv
@@ xhf/dWo] cfof]hgfaf6 ?=% s/f]8 Joxf]g]{ u/L @)&$.!.@% df ;Demf}tf ePcg';f/ Ps ;+:yfnfO{
?=^( nfv () xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ pQm sfo{ ;DkGg gu/]sf]n] @)&%.^.!% ;Dd
Dofb yk eP tfklg ejgsf] huxfNg] sfo{ dfq u/]sf] 5 . cfof]hgfsf] cjlw ;dfKt ePsf] tyf pQm
;+:yfn] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg gu/]sf]n] cg'bfg pknlAwljxLg b]lvPsf] 5 .
44. cfof]hgf If]q aflx/ vr{ – ;'v]{t, b}n]v, ;Nofg / h'Dnf lhNnfdf aLp pTkfbs s[ifssf] cfo j[l4
ug]{, pRr u'0f:t/o'Qm aLpsf] pTkfbg / ahf/Ls/0fsf nflu k|fljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg],
pTkflbt aLpsf] ahf/;Dd lbuf] kx'Fr l;h{gf ug]{, aLp k|zf]wg Ifdtf a9fpg] sfo{ ug{ Ps aLpsf]
sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ps lghL sDkgL;Fu ?=! s/f]8 *$ nfv &$ xhf/sf] ;Demf}tf ePsf]df ?=(! nfv @#
xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf]] 5 . cfof]hgfsf] sfo{If]q g/x]sf] yfgsf]6, sf7df8f}+df pQm sDkgLsf] aLp
k|zf]wg ejg lgdf{0fafkt ?=@( nfv ( xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . ;Demf}tf ljk/Lt aLp k|zf]wg ejg
lgdf{0fsf] nflu lbPsf] cg'bfg /sd lkmtf{ x'g'kb{5 .
45. cw'/f] sfo{ – a];f/sf] Jofj;flos pTkfbg, k|j4{g, ;Íng, k|zf]wg tyf ahf/Ls/0fsf nflu Ps
k|f=ln= ;Fu ?=@ s/f]8 &) nfv (* xhf/sf] ;Demf}tf ePsf]df cfof]hgfn] ?=*% nfv (& xhf/
pknAw u/fpg] pNn]v 5 . ;f] sfo{ @)&%.#.#! df ;DkGg ePsf] pNn]v u/L ?=#@ nfv $* xhf/
cg'bfg lbPsf] 5 . a];f/ k|zf]wg OsfO{ tyf uf]bfd lgdf{0ffwLg cj:yfdf /x]sf] / sl/a ^) k|ltzt
dfq sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] :ynut cjnf]sgaf6 b]lvof] . ;Demf}tfdf cfof]hgfn] %) k|ltzt Joxf]g]{
pNn]v ePsf 8«fo/, l:6d af]On/, h]g]/]6/nufot !) lsl;dsf d]l;gx? h8fg gu/]sf]n] vr{sf]
cf}lrTo k'li6 x'g] b]lvPg . jf:tljstf olsg u/L vr{ gePsf] /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
46. a9L e'QmfgL – ;'v]{tdf Ps s[lif pkh ahf/ k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfg ?=$ s/f]8 @!
nfv ($ xhf/dWo] cfof]hgfn] Joxf]g]{ ?=# s/f]8 &) nfv %@ xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . e'QmfgLdWo]
k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fcGtu{t ejg, zf}rfno, kfgL 6\of+sLnufotsf & lgdf{0f sfo{ ?=@ s/f]8 ^% nfv %)
xhf/df k/fdz{bftfdfkm{t ug]{ u/L ;Demf}tf eP tfklg ?=@ s/f]8 #( nfv $( xhf/sf] sfo{dfq
;DkGg u/]sf]n] a9L e'QmfgL ePsf] ?=@^ nfv ! xhf/ c;'n ug{'kb{5 .
k|wfgdGqL s[lif cfw'lgsLs/0f kl/of]hgf
s[lif pkhx?sf] ljlzli6s[t If]qx?sf] lgdf{0f ug]{, lgof{tof]Uo s[lif j:t'x?sf] d'No clej[l4 ub}{
k|lt:kwf{Tds Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{, s[lifnfO{ ;Ddfghgs gfkmfd'vL Joj;fosf ?kdf ljsf; ub}{ /f]huf/Lsf
cj;/ l;h{gf ug]{ p2]Zo /x]sf] of] kl/of]hgf @)*@ df ;DkGg ug]{ u/L @)&# b]lv ;~rfngdf /x]sf] 5 .
s'n nfut cg'dfg ?=! va{ #) ca{ &$ s/f]8 /x]sf]df ut jif{;Dd ?=# ca{ #^ s/f]8 / o; jif{ kl/of]hgf
Joj:yfkg OsfO{n] ?=!% s/f]8 (# nfv, s[lif kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{x?n] ?=! ca{ * s/f]8, dGqfno
dftxtaf6 ?=&* s/f]8 &* nfv, l;FrfO dGqfno dftxtn] ?=!% s/f]8 (( nfv, pBf]u dGqfno dftxtn]

?=!* nfv / jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno dftxtn] ?=% s/f]8 !* nfv u/L ?=@ ca{ @$ s/f]8;d]t xfn;Dd
?=% ca{ ^) s/f]8 vr{ ePsf] 5 .
47. k|ltkmn d"NofÍg – kl/of]hgfn] !$! s:6d xfol/ª ;]G6/, !%$ kf]i6 xfe]{i6 ;]G6/, !!& Joj;flos
;Lk ljsf; tyf tflnd s]Gb|, ^( xfO6]s g;{/L Pj+ lu|g xfp;, !() ;fgf l;FrfO , !@ k|fËfl/s dn
/ h}ljs ljiffbL pTkfbg sf/vfgf :yfkgf, ^ ldlgNofa :yfkgf, % dT:o Xofr/L / ! xhf/ !&%
x]S6/df dT:o kf]v/L lgdf{0f sfo{df ?=! ca{ !( s/f]8 ** nfv vr{ u/]sf] 5 . pQm ;fwg tyf
;+/rgfaf6 ePsf] k|ltkmn dfkg ug]{ ;"rs tof/ u/]sf] 5}g . ;~rflnt sfo{qmdsf] k|ltkmn dfkg
;"rs tof/ u/L d"NofÍg ug'{kb{5 .
48. sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsfl/tf – kl/of]hgfaf6 xfn;Dd # xhf/ #&* ks]6 / @*! Ans :yfgLo txaf6
;~rfng ug]{ ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd x:tfGt/0f ePsf], ljleGg afnLsf #( hf]g tyf !) ;'k/hf]gdf
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf]df k|yd jif{df 5flgPsf !* afnL÷j:t' $@ xhf/ #)) x]S6/df v]tL u/L
sl/a $ nfv && xhf/ d]=6g pTkfbg x'g], sl/a * nfv &) xhf/ cf+lzs / $# xhf/ %)) :yfoL
/f]huf/L l;h{gf x'g] cg'dfg u/]sf]df of] jif{;Dd ePsf] pTkfbg / /f]huf/L l;h{gfsf] clen]v /fvL
k|efj d"NofÍg gu/]sf]n] sfo{qmdsf] nufgL / pknlAw ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsPg .
kl/of]hgfn] k|d'v vfBfGg afnL wfg, ux'F, ds}df # jif{leq, t/sf/L afnL / df5fdf cfufdL
@ jif{ leq / k|d'v kmnk"mn afnLdf & jif{ leq cfTdlge{/ x'g], clGtd jif{df sl/a % nfv !) xhf/
cf+lzs / @% xhf/ %)) :yfoL /f]huf/Lsf] l;h{gf x'g] / s'n nufgL sl/a ?=! vj{ #) ca{af6 d"No
clej[l4;lxt sl/a ?=@) vj{ (% ca{ &% s/f]8 s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgdf of]ubfg k'Ug] ck]Iff u/]sf]df
ck]lIft k|ltkmn k|fKt ug]{ u/L bf]>f] jif{sf] :ki6 dfu{lrq / pknlAwsf] ljZn]if0f u/]sf] 5}g .
49. ;+/rgfsf] cf}lrTo – cfof]hgfsf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug{ @)&$.&% df Ps kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog OsfO{,
!) ;'k/hf]g / #( hf]g sfof{no :yfkgf u/L ?=@ ca{ @$ s/f]8 ^ nfv vr{ ePsf] dWo] k|zf;lgs
sfo{df ?=@* s/f]8 #( nfv / kmlg{r/, d]l;g/L cf}hf/, ;jf/L;fwgdf ?=#@ s/f]8 #$ nfv;d]t ?=^)
s/f]8 &# nfv vr{ ePsf] 5 . s]lGb|o :t/sf sfo{qmd ;~rfng dGqfno÷ljefu tyf Ps kl/of]hgf
OsfO{ / lhNnf :t/sf sfo{qmd :yfgLo txaf6 ;~rfng x'g] b]lvPsf]n] sfof{no :yfkgf ug'{sf] cf}lrTo
b]lvPsf] 5}g . o; ;DaGwdf k'g/fjnf]sg x'g'kb{5 . .
50. sfo{qmd ;'wf/ – kl/of]hgf kf/bzL{ / k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;Grfng ug{] ;DaGwdf ;'emfj k]; ug{
@)&%.#.@@ df ul7t sfo{bnsf] k|ltj]bgdf afnL j:t'cg';f/ s[lif e"ldsf] rSnfaGbLsf] ;Ldf, si6d
xfOl/ª ;]G6/ :yfkgf, s[lif oflGqs/0fsf] nflu km/s km/s dfkb08 tof/ ug'{kg]{, lgdf{0f ePsf
l;FrfO ;+/rgfsf] sdf08 If]qdf Joj;flos pTkfbgsf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{kg]{, lghLIf]q cfslif{t
x'g] lsl;dn] ;xhLs/0f ug'{kg]{], cg'bfgdf s]lGb|t geO{ 7"nf pBf]usf] dfucg';f/ lglZrt ;dofjlw
kl5 lkmtf{ ug]{ u/L aLpk'FhL pknAw u/fpg], :ki6 cg'udg ;"rssf cfwf/df cg'udg ug'{kg]{
nufotsf ;'emfpx? pNn]v 5 . sltko :yfgdf ;'k/hf]g, hf]g :yfkgf ug{ If]qkmn k'Ug] ;Defjgf
g/x]sf], ;DefJotf cWoog a]u/ hf]g, ;'k/hf]g 5gf}6 ePsf], k|ltkmn d"NofÍg ug{ j}1flgs k4ltsf]
cefj, k|ltkmndf cfwfl/t cg'bfg k|efjsf/L gePsf] h:tf ;d:ofsf] lg/fs/0f u/L :ki6 dfu{ lrq
tof/ u/L cfof]hgf ;~rfng x'g'kb{5 .
51. k|f]T;fxg cg'bfg – Joj;flos s[lif pTkfbg tyf k|zf]wg s]Gb| ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng sfo{ljlw,
@)&# df cfof]hgfn] pTkfbsTjsf] nIo lgwf{/0f u/L cf}ift pTkfbg eGbf !) k|ltzt a9L pTkfbg
ug]{ ls;fgnfO{ k|f]T;fxg cg'bfg lbg] Joj:yf 5 . ;'k/hf]g sfof{no emfkfsf] ;+rfns ;ldltsf]
lg0f{o cg';f/ jf]/f] tyf r}t] wfg nufpg] s[ifsnfO{ pTkfbsTj j[l4 ePsf] olsg gu/L k|f]T;fxg
cg'bfg -wfg ;'k/hf]g_ ?=#@ nfv *@ xhf/ cg'bfg lbPsf] 5 . ctM o; ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L
k|f]T;fxg cg'bfg olsg ug'{kb{5 .
52. vr{ – ;'k/of]hgx?df pTkflbt s[lif pkh k|f];]l;ª, Kofs]lhª / cf}Bf]lusLs/0fsf] nflu pBf]u
dGqfnonfO{ ljlgof]ht ePsf] ?=& s/f]8 ^@ nfv @! xhf/dWo] ?=!* nfv vr{ ePsf] 5 .
k|fyldstf k|fKt cfof]hgfdf ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] ah]6 vr{ u/L pknlAw xfl;n x'g'kb{5 .
53. cg'bfg – kl/of]hgfn] g'jfsf]6df % xhf/ d]l6«s 6g Ifdtfsf] zLt e08f/ lgdf{0f ug{ Ps
Joj;foL;Fu ?=!) s/f]8 %) nfvdf ;Demf}tf u/L ?=@ s/f]8 !) nfv k]:sL lbPsf]df cg'bfgaf6
lgdf{0f x'g] ;+/rgfsf] :jfldTj lglZrt u/L sfo{qmd ;~rfng x'g'kb{5 .
54. d]l;gsf] pkof]u – ;'k/hf]g sfof{no, -wfg_, emfkfn] ;fd'bflos g;{/L :yfkgf ug{ # ;xsf/L
;+:yfnfO{ @ kfj/ l6n/ / @ ldlg l6n/ ;d]t aLp xfe]{i6;DaGwL d]l;g vl/b ug{ ?=@$ nfv cg'bfg
lbPsf]df d]l;g pkof]u ug{ $ km]hsf] ljB't nfO{g pknAw gePsf]n] vl/b d]l;gsf] pkof]u ePsf]
5}g . o;}u/L ;fgf l;FrfOcGtu{t !$$ s[ifsnfO{ @ ef]N6sf] kfgL tfGg] kDk vl/b ug{ ?=%$ nfv
%& xhf/ cg'bfg pknAw u/fPsf]df hf]g If]qsf] v]tLof]Uo e"lddf ljB'tnfO{g gePsf] tyf ePsf]df
klg ef]N6]h gk'u]sf] egL tL kDk ;~rfngdf NofPsf] b]lvPg . cfjZos k"jf{wf/ gePsf] cj:yfdf
cg'bfg lbg] sfo{df lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
55. pks/0f h8fg – k'ik ljsf; s]Gb|, uf]bfj/Ln] km"n e08f/ ug]{ kf]6]{jn sf]N8 ?d lgdf{0f tyf h8fgsf]
nflu Ps kmd{nfO{ ;Demf}tfadf]lhd ;KnfO{ ePsf] pks/0fx? h8fg sfo{ ;DkGg gu/L ?=!@ nfv ^)
xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf]n] pQm pks/0fx? h8fg ePsf] k|df0f k]; x'g'kb{5 .
56. kf]i6 xfe]{i6 ;]G6/ :yfkgf – ;'k/hf]g sfof{no, s}nfnLn] kf]i6 xfe]{i6 ;]G6/ :yfkgf ug{ ejg lgdf{0f,
d]l;g/L / 9'jfgL ;fwg -ldlg 6«s_ sf] nflu Ps Pu|f] kmfd{nfO{ ?=! s/f]8 *@ nfv !& xhf/ e'QmfgL
u/]sf]df d]l;g h8fg / ejg lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ dWo] lkmlgl;ªsf] sfo{ gePsf] tyf d]l;g h8fg u/]sf]
:yfgdf 3fF; pd]|sf] / Kofs]lhª d]l;g h8fg gul/Psf]n] plNnlvt pks/0fx? k|efjsf/L ?kdf
pkof]u ePsf] 5}g . ctM p2]Zocg'?k kf]i6 xfe]{i6 ;]G6/ :yfkgf u/L vl/b pks/0fsf] pkof]u
x'g'kb{5 .
s[lif tyf vfB ;'/Iff cfof]hgf
g]kfnsf] klZrd kxf8L lhNnfdf vfB tyf kf]if0f l:yltdf ;'wf/ tyf ;'/Iff / hLjg:t/ ;'wf/
;DaGwL sfo{qmd ;~rfng Pj+ ;dGjo ug]{ p2]Zon] ljZj a}Ísf] cg'bfg ;xfotf ?=% ca{ ^ s/f]8 ^( nfv
tyf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ?=! ca{ @% s/f]8 #! nfv;d]t ?=^ ca{ #@ s/f]8sf] nfutdf @)^(.&) b]lv ;~rflnt
of] cfof]hgfdf xfn;Dd ?=% ca{ !& s/f]8 vr{ ePsf] 5 .
57. ;fdfg ljt/0f / vl/b M ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod # df vl/b cfjZostfsf] klxrfg
ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . kf]if0f k|of]uzfnfsf nflu pks/0f tyf d]l;g/L cf}hf/, k|of]uzfnf pks/0f, df6f]
k/LIf0f df]jfOn Eofg, sDKo"6/, kmf]6f]skL d]l;g nufotsf ;fdfg vl/b u/L ?=% s/f]8 $* nfv @%
xhf/ vr{ n]v]sf] 5 . lt ;fdfg dGqfno, ljefu, lgb]{zgfno nufot ^* lgsfonfO{ pknAw u/fPsf]
5 . ;fdu|L vl/b u/L cfof]hgfsf] sfo{If]q aflx/sf lgsfodf pknAw u/fpg] sfo{df lgoGq0f
ug'{kb{5 .
hnjfo' k|sf]k ;d'Tyfg lgdf{0f cfof]hgf
hnjfo' k|sf]kaf6 s[lif If]qdf x'g ;Sg] hf]lvd / IfltnfO{ Go'lgs/0f ug]{ ;DaGwdf s[ifs ;d'bfodf
;ts{tf ckgfpg ;xof]u ug]{ p2]Zon] g]kfn ;/sf/ / ljZj a}Ísf] ;xof]udf % jif{ cjlw /x]sf] of] cfof]hgf
@)&) af6 ;~rfngdf /x]sf] 5 . s'n nfut ?=%! s/f]8 %$ nfv /x]sf] of] cfof]hgf ;+v'jf;ef, bf]nvf,
d':tfª, h'Dnf / bfr'{nf ;d]t @% lhNNffdf ;~rflnt 5 .
58. pks/0f / df]afOn kmf]g – of] jif{ s[lif ;"rgf cfbfg k|bfg ug{ ls;fgnfO{ ljt/0f ug]{ u/L ?=!$
nfv *% xhf/df !)) yfg df]afOn kmf]g vl/b u/]sf]df %! yfg ljt/0f ePsf] 5}g . cfof]hgf
;DkGg ePsf]n] pkof]u gx'g] u/L df]afO{n vl/b ug'{ dgfl;j b]lvPg . lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no,
?s'd dfkm{t @^ yfg df]jfOn s[ifsnfO{ ljt/0f u/]sf] dWo] $ s[ifsn] ;"rgf k|fKt gePsf] / @
s[ifsn] l;d gv'n]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . kz';]jf sfof{no, ?s'd dfkm{t ljt/0f ug'{kg]{ !& yfg dWo] &
yfg sfof{nodf df}Hbft /x]sf]n] vl/b df]jfOnsf] pkof]u ePsf] 5}g .

Ps kmd{af6 df};d ;DaGwL pks/0f vl/b / h8fg sfo{ afkt ?= ! s/f]8 && nfv &
xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf]df /fli6«o ;"rgf k|ljlw s]Gb| x]6f}F8fdf df};d ;"rgf;DaGwL ;ˆ6j]o/ h8fg
gu/]sf]n] tL pks/0fx? k|of]u cfPsf] 5}g . pQm ;fdfg oyf;dodf h8fg u/L k|of]udf Nofpg'kb{5 .
ls;fgsf nflu pGgt aLp lahg sfo{s|d
g]kfn ;/sf/ / s[lif ljsf;sf nflu cGt/f{li6«o sf]ifsf] ;xof]udf ls;fgsf nflu pGgt aLp lahg
sfo{qmd u'NdL, c3f{vfFrL, Ko'7fg, /f]Nkf, ;Nofg / ?s'd lhNnfdf @)&% df ;DkGg ug]{ u/L @)^( af6 of]
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf] 5 .
59. sfo{ ;DkGg – cg'bfgu|fxL ;+:yf;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tfdf ;a} sfd ;DkGg ePkl5 sfdsf] d"NofÍg u/L
sfo{;DkGg k|ltj]bg tof/ u/]sf] cfwf/df cg'bfgsf] clGtd ls:tf e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . wfg,
ux'F, ds}, t/sf/Lsf] aLp / v;Laf]sfsf] df;', e}+;Lsf] b"w pTkfbgsf] nflu %^! s[ifs ;d"x÷;+:yfnfO{
of] jif{ ;Dd ?=$% s/f]8 $* nfv cg'bfg lbPsf]df @@) pk cfof]hgfdf s'n nfutsf] () k|ltzt
eGbf 36L sfo{ ePsf] cj:yfdf ;d]t sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L ?=& s/f]8 ( nfv &) xhf/
cg'bfg lbPsf] 5 . tf]lsP cg';f/ sfo{;DkGg gePsf]df sfo{;DkGg k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L clGtd
ls:tf e'QmfgL ug]{nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfOg'kb{5 .
60. cg'bfg vr{ – pkcfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ tf]lsPsf ;a} cfof]hgfdf cg'bfgu|fxL;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tf
cg';f/ nufgL ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . sfo{;DkGg eO{ km/kmf/s ePsf !%^ pk cfof]hgfdf cg'bfgu|fxLn]]
sjf]n u/]sf] /sdsf] %$ k|ltzt dfq} nufgL u/]sf]df cfof]hgfn] cg'bfg ;Demf}tf ?=!* s/f]8 ^%
nfvsf] ;f]xL cg'kftdf ?=!) s/f]8 & nfvdfq cg'bfg lbg'kg]{df ?=!# s/f]8 $! nfv pknAw
u/fPsf]n] ;dfg'kflts lx;fjn] ?=# s/f]8 #$ nfv a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . pkcfof]hgf ;~rfngdf
cg'bfgu|fxL;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tfsf] kfngf gx'Fbf cfof]hgfnfO{ a9L cfly{s Jooef/ k/]sf] b]lvof] .
61. n]vfk/LIf0f – cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf !^ df k|To]s sfof{non] cfo Joosf] n]vf tyf
cfly{s ljj/0f k]; u/L dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{noaf6 clGtd n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
cfof]hgfn] s[lif ljsf;sf nflu cGt{/fli6«o sf]if -cfO{kmf8_ dfkm{t Ps ;+:yfnfO{ ?=$ s/f]8 & nfv
#& xhf/ cg'bfg ;f]em} pknAw u/fPsf]df ;f] vr{sf] ;|]:tf n]vfk/LIf0fdf k]; ePg . P]gsf] Joj:yf
adf]lhd n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg'kb{5 .
pRr kxf8 s[lif Joj;fo tyf lhjLsf]kfh{g ;'wf/ cfof]hgf
Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}Ísf] ljQLo ;xof]udf @)&% df ;DkGg ug]{ u/L @)^* df :yfkgf ePsf] o;
cfof]hgfn]] of] jif{;Dd ?=@ ca{ ^@ s/f]8 #$ nfv vr{ ePsf] 5 . gfkmfd"ns s[lif Joj;fo ;~rfng ug]{
of] cfof]hgf ;+v'jf;ef, ;f]n'v'Da', bf]nvf, /;'jf, dgfª, d':tfª, 8f]Nkf, h'Dnf, d'u' / x'Dnf u/L !) pRr
kxf8L lhNnfx?df nfu" ePsf] 5 .
62. cfof]hgf vf/]hL – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod %#-@_ cg';f/ s'g} sfof{no vf/]h
ePdf lhG;L dfn;fdfgsf] kl/df0f / d"No;d]t v'nfO{ To:tf] sfof{no vf/]h ePsf] jf uflePsf]
ldltn] #% lbgleq k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L ;DalGwt dGqfno jf ljefun] To:tf] dfn;fdfgsf] lhDdf
lng] lbg] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . cfof]hgfdf ? ( s/f]8 ^^ nfv (@ xhf/ d"Nosf ;fdfg
/x]sf]df ?=& s/f]8 (( nfv $^ xhf/ d'Nosf ;fdfg dGqfnodf x:tfGt/0f ePsf]df tL ;fdfg
lhG;L cfDbfgL u/]sf]] k|df0f k]; ePsf] 5}g eg] afFsL /x]sf] ?=! s/f]8 ^& nfv $^ xhf/ d"Nosf
dfn;fdfg dGqfnodf x:tfGt/0f x'g'kb{5 .

s[lif cg';Gwfg sfo{qmd
s'n ufx{:y pTkfbgdf s[lif If]qsf] of]ubfg @&=^ k|ltzt /x]sf] / ^)=$ k|ltzt hg;+Vof s[lifdf
cfa4 /x]sf] 5 . s[lif If]qsf ;d:ofx?sf] cWoog tyf cg';Gwfg u/L ;d:of ;dfwfgsf pkfo kQf nufO{
;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] cfly{s:t/ j[l4 ug{]{ p2]Zon] s[lif If]qsf] cg';Gwfg k|efjsf/L agfpg :jfoQ lgsfosf]
?kdf g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ P]g, @)$* cGtu{t g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\sf] :yfkgf @)$* ;fndf
ePsf] xf] . xfn kl/ifb\, k|lti7fg, If]qLo cg';Gwfg s]Gb|, cg';Gwfg s]Gb| / ljifout cg';Gwfg sfo{qmd;d]t
^@ OsfO{af6 cg';Gwfg sfo{ x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . s[lif cg';Gwfg, pTkfbsTj j[l¢, ;|f]t pkof]u / pknlAwsf]]
d"NofÍg ug]{ p2]Zon] ul/Psf] sfo{d"ns n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f b]xfoadf]lhd 5g\M
63. ;|f]t pkof]u — kl/ifb\sf] ljut % jif{sf] s'n vr{ ?=( ca{ *) s/f]8 !# nfvdWo] tna,
eQfnufot cGo pkef]u vr{df sl/a ^%=#) k|ltzt / k'FhLut tyf cg';Gwfg sfo{s|dtkm{ #$=&)
k|ltztdfq vr{ u/]sf] 5 . kl/ifb\sf] s]Gb| / dftxt;d]t !!) sfof{no ejg, @*@ cfjf; ejg,
^$ uf]7, #) k|of]uzfnf / @(( ljleGg ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ . kl/ifb\sf] s'n hUufdWo] sl/a
(%) x]S6/ -sl/a %& k|ltzt_ hUuf dfq cg';Gwfgdf k|of]u ePsf] b]lvof] . kl/ifb\sf] :yfkgf
kZrft wfgsf $*, ds}sf @%, ux'Fsf @$ / bnxgnufot cGo afnLsf !)& ;d]t @)$ hftsf]
ljsf; Pj+ pGdf]rg ul/Psf]df ds}, sf]bf], kmfk/sf] pTkfbg b/ kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/; dfkb08eGbf sd
b]lvPsf], kl/ifb\sf] pknAw hUuf cg';Gwfgdf pkof]u gePsf]], k|fljlws sd{rf/L kbk"lt{ x'g g;s]sf],
cg';GwfgeGbf k|zf;lgs vr{ a9L ePsf], xfn;Ddsf] ggck/]l6e cfo df}Hbft ?=! ca{ #) s/f]8
pTkfbgzLn If]qdf k|of]u x'gg;s]sf] cflb sf/0faf6 s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\sf] k|efjsfl/tf Go"g
b]lvof] .
64. aLp pTkfbg / cg';Gwfg vr{ — g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\n] @)&).&! df ?=&! s/f]8 vr{ u/L
!))# d]l6«s 6g, @)&!.&@ df ?=! ca{ *$ s/f]8 vr{ u/L (&% d]l6«s 6g, @)&@.&# df ?=@ ca{
!% s/f]8 vr{ u/L (&! d]l6«s 6g, @)&#.&$ df ?=@ ca{ $! s/f]8 vr{ u/L !)!@ d]l6«s 6g /
@)&#.&$ df ?=@ ca{ ^( s/f]8 vr{ u/L ()& d]l6«s 6g pTkfbg u/]sf] 5 . kl/ifb\n] u/]sf] vr{
qmdzM j[lå eP tfklg aLp pTkfbg ;f]xLcg';f/ j[l4 ePsf] 5}g . cg';Gwfg u/L l;kmfl/; ul/Psf]
k|hgg aLp / d"n aLpsf] pTkfbg Ifdtf qmdzM 36\b} uPsf] / cfGtl/s pTkfbgaf6 dfq dfu k"/f
ug{ g;s]sf sf/0f @)&!.&@ b]lv @)&$.&% ;Dddf qmdzM @ xhf/ &$%, @ xhf/ &@), # xhf/
@^& / @ xhf/ (%^ d]l6«s 6g aLp cfoftdf ?=* ca{ && s/f]8 #^ nfv *$ xhf/ vr{ ePsf] 5 .
Psflt/ cg';Gwfgdf vr{ a9\b} uPsf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ aLp cfoft kl/df0f;d]t a9\b} uPsf] l:yltaf6
cg';Gwfgdf k|efjsfl/tf b]lvPsf] 5}g . ctM kl/ifb\n] k|hgg aLp / d"n aLpsf] pTkfbg a9fO{ aLp
cfoft k|lt:yfkg ug{'kb{5 .
65. aLp dfu, cfk"lt{ / k|lt:yfkg b/ — aLp ljhg P]g, @)$% df aLpljhg u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f s]Gb|df
;"rLs[t hftsf aLpljhg dfq sf/f]af/ ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf 5 . pGdf]rg ljlwaf6 @$! Hfft / btf{
ljlwaf6 #*! Hfft ;d]t /fli6«o aLpljhg ;ldltåf/f ^@@ hft ;"rLs[t ul/Psf] 5 . ljut # jif{df
g]kfndf % nfv &) xhf/ d]l6«s 6g aLp cfjZostf ePsf]df && xhf/ d]l6«s 6g -s'n dfusf]
!#=^) k|ltzt_ dfq cfk"lt{ ePsf] b]lvPsf]n] s[lif If]qdf *^=$ k|ltzt aLpsf] lx:;f cgf}krfl/s
dfWodaf6 kl/k"lt{ ePsf] kfOof] . kl/ifb\n] cfjZos pGgt aLpsf] nflu tYout clen]v lagf g}
pTkfbg nIo tf]sL aLp pTkfbg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . kl/ifb\af6 ljut % jif{sf] k|hgg aLp / d"n aLpsf]
pTkfbg $ xhf/ *^* d]l6«s 6g dfq ePsf]n] dfusf] t'ngfdf pTkfbg Go"g b]lvG5 . u'0f:t/Lo
aLpljhgsf] k|of]un] @) b]lv #) k|ltzt;Dd pTkfbsTj j[l4 x'g] / o;sf nflu k|To]s jif{ @%
k|ltzt aLpsf] k|lt:yfkg cfjZos x'g]df wfg, ds}, ux'Fdf aLp k|lt:yfkgsf] b/ qmdz !$=%,!%=#,
/ !%=! k|ltzt /x]sfn]] k|To]s afnLsf] $.$ jif{df gofF aLp k|lt:yfkg ePsf] b]lvPg . pknAw ;fwg
;|f]tnfO{ dfu cg';f/sf] aLp pTkfbgsf]] nflu kl/rfng u/L dfkb08cg';f/ aLp k|lt:yfkg
ul/g'kb{5 .
66. pTkfbsTj — s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ -sfo{ ;~rfng_ ljlgod, @)$( sf] ljlgod $-#_ df jftfj/0f
cg's'n lbuf] ?kdf s[lifsf] pTkfbsTj a9fpg] vfnsf] cg';Gwfg ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . g]kfnsf] k|d'v
s[lifhGo afnLx?sf] If]qkmn tyf pTkfbgsf] cj:yf ljZn]if0f ubf{ @)^(.&) b]lv @)&#.&$ ;Dd wfg
qmdzM #=!&, #=#(, #=#^, #=!%, #=#& d]l6«s 6g, ds} qmdzM @=#%, @=$^, @=$#,@=%+, @=%#, ux'F
qmdzM @=$*, @=%), @=%(,@=$), / @=%! d]l6«s 6g k|ltx]S6/ pTkfbg ePsf] b]lvPsf]n] afnLsf]
pTkfbsTjdf pNn]Vo ;'wf/ gcfPsf] cj:yf 5 . d'Vo afnLsf] pTkfbsTj clej[l4sf nflu gjLg s[lif
k|ljlwsf] cg';Gwfg ul/g'kb{5 .
67. s[lif k|ljlw — g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ P]gn] s[lif pTkfbg jf u'0f:t/ a9fpgsf nflu cfjZos
k|ljlw 1fg tyf ;Lkx?sf] vf]hk"0f{ cWoog ug]{ pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . kl/ifb\cGtu{t /x]sf] s[lif
O{lGhlgol/ª dxfzfvfaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ ;f] dxfzfvfaf6 ljsf; u/]sf !% k|sf/sf oGq
pks/0f k|of]u cj:yfsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ wfg ux'F r'6\g] d]l;g !%), sf]bf] r'6\g] d]l;g !#)), ds}
5f]8fpg] d]l;g $))), ds} /f]Kg] d]l;g #)), cb'jf w'g] d]l;g @%, t/sf/L uf]8\g] d]l;g #)), aLp
;kmf ug]{ d]l;g !%), wfg uf]8\g] d]l;g $%) ls;fgn] k|of]u u/]sf] 5 . To:t} skmL kNk/ $)),
;'wfl/Psf] r'Nxf] !)), Knfli6s kf]v/L $%)), Ans agfpg] d]l;g *)), ;f]nf/ 6g]n $), e';] r'Nxf]
#%)), Knfli6s 3/ @%) dfq k|of]u ePsf] b]lvPsf]n] s[lif k];fdf cfa4 hg;+Vofcg';f/ oGq
pks/0fsf] k|of]u Go"g /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ef}uf]lns w/ftn cg';f/sf vghf]t ug{], afnL /f]Kg] tyf
:ofxfg]{ s[ifsd}qL pks/0fsf] ljsf; x'g;s]sf] b]lvPg . kl/ifb\n] cfjZostfg';f/ s[ifsd}qL pks/0f
/ k|ljlwsf] lj:tf/ / k|of]udf hf]8 lbg'kb{5 .
68. kfl/l:yltsLo kl/jt{gdf cg';Gwfg — s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ -sfo{ ;~rfng_ ljlgod, @)$( n]
g]kfnsf] xfjfkfgL cg's"n x'g] pko'Qm s[lif k|ljlw ljsf;sf] nflu p2]Zod"ns cg';Gwfgdf hf]8
lbg'kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . kfl/l:yltsLo kl/jt{gaf6 s[lif If]qdf kg]{ k|efj sd ug{ kfl/l:yltsLo
cg';Gwfgsf]] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'G5 . kl/ifb\cGtu{t h'Dnfdf pRr kj{tLo s[lif cg';Gwfg k|lti7fg
:yfkgf ul/P tfklg If]q ;'xfpFbf] pNn]vgLo cg';Gwfg sfo{ gePsf], pRr kxf8tkm{ a9\bf] tfkqmdn]
v]tL of]Uo hUufsf] If]qkmn al9/x]sf], u|fld0f If]qdf hgzlQm aflxl/Psf], df};dsf] tflnsfdf km]/abn
x'g] u/]sf]df ;f]nfO{ ;Daf]wg x'g] u/L cg';Gwfg ePsf] kfOPg . ljsl;t kl/j]z;Fu} z"Go vghf]t
k|ljlw, o'jf cfsif{s afnL / k|ljlw h:tf gjLg cg';Gwfgaf6 s[lif pTkfbg j[l4 ug'{kb{5 .
69. pGdf]lrt hftx? — /fli6«o aLpljhg gLlt, @)%^ cg';f/ s[lif cg';Gwfgaf6 ljsl;t gofF+ hftx?
pGdf]rg ul/g'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;fy} aLp lahg P]g, @)$% n] pGdf]lrt hftx? dfq k|of]u ug{ kfpg]
Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . g]kfndf s[lif cg';Gwfgaf6 l;kmfl/; eO{ pGdf]rg ePsf] hft / k|ljlw /f]u jf
sL/fsf] ;d:ofsf] sf/0f ls;fgn] cfTd;ft ug{ g;s]sf] cj:yfdf pQm hft ;"rLaf6 x6fpg]
ul/Psf] 5 . xfn;Dd wfgsf] !@, ds}sf] *, uFx'sf] !#, bnxg afnLsf] @, t]nxg afnLsf] ! / cfn'sf]
!! hft ;"rLaf6 x6fOPsf]n] cg';Gwfgdf ePsf] vr{ cg'Tkfbs ePsf] 5 . ls;fgn] cfTd;ft
ug{;Sg] hft / k|ljlwsf] cg';GwfgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg'kb{5 .
70. k|;f/ — s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ -sfo{ ;~rfng_ ljlgod, @)$( sf] ljlgod $-#_ cg';f/ jftfj/0f
cg's"n lbuf] ?kdf s[lifsf] pTkfbsTj a9fpg] vfnsf] cg';Gwfg u/L k|;f/ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . s[lif
cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\af6 cg';Gwfg eO{ l;kmfl/; ePsf t/x/f !, /fdk'/ xfOla|8 @, ;'Gtnf / h'gf/df
sL/f lgoGq0f k|ljlw, cfFksf] sf08 ;'sfpg] uf]af/f] Joj:Yffkg / z"Go vghf]t k|ljlw cflb k|;f/df
NofO{ pTkfbg a9fpg ;s]sf] cj:yf gb]lvPsf]n] cg';Gwfg;Fu} hft tyf k|ljlwsf] k|;f/df hf]8
lbg'kb{5 .
71. hgzlQm Joj:yfkg — g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ P]g, @)$* n] kl/ifb\sf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zssf]
sfo{sfn $ jif{sf] x'g] / lghsf] k'gM lgo'lQm;d]t x'g;Sg]] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . kl/ifb\sf] @& jif]{
sfo{sfndf #! sfo{sf/L lgb]{zsn]] g]t[Tj u/]sf] dWo] @ b]lv tLg jif{ g]t[Tj ug]{ sfo{sf/L lgb]{zssf]
;+Vof # dfq /x]sf] b]lvof] . kl/ifb\df j}1flgs, k|fljlws / k|zf;lgs;d]t ! xhf/ *@# b/aGbLdWo] !
xhf/ @$! kbk"lt{ b]lvG5 . ;f]dWo] cg';Gwfgdf k|ToIf ;+nUg k|fljlws sd{rf/Lsf] b/aGbL ! xhf/

$@* /x]sf]df (@^ -^$ k|ltzt_ dfq kbk"lt{ ePsf]n] cg';Gwfgdf ;+nUg hgzlQm Go"g b]lvG5 .
To;}u/L kl/ifb\af6 dgf]gLt eO{ cWoog labfdf ljb]zdf cWoog ug{ uPsf @%^ sd{rf/LdWo] !^
sd{rf/L ;]jfdf kms]{sf 5}gg\ . kl/ifb\df b/aGbLadf]lhd sd{rf/L gePsf] cj:yfdf $! k|fljlws
sd{rf/L cWoog labfdf /x]sf 5g\ . cg';Gwfg ug]{ ;+:yfdf g]t[Tj l56f] l56f] kl/jt{g x'g' / cWoog
labfdf uO{ ;]jfdf gkms{g] k|j[ltn] cg';Gwfg sfo{df k|ToIf c;/ kf/]sf] kfOof] . k6s k6s ;+:yfsf]
g]t[Tj kl/jt{g ug]{ / j}1flgsx? cWoog labfaf6 sfof{nodf gkms{g] k|j[lQ cGTo ul/g'kb{5 .
lgisif{ — s[lif cg';Gwfgsf nflu pknAw hUuf k"0f{?kdf pkof]u ug{ g;s]sf], cg';Gwfgdf cfjZos
hgzlQmsf] kbk"lt{ x'g g;s]sf], cWoog labfdf hfg] sltko k|fljlws ;]jfdf gkms]{sf], cg';Gwfg vr{ j[l4sf]
t'ngfdf aLp pTkfbg j[l4 gePsf], dfkb08cg';f/ aLp k|lt:yfkg ug{ g;s]sf], kfl/l:yltsLo kl/jt{g
cg'?k k|efjsf/L cg';Gwfg x'g g;s]sf], sltko aLp ls;fgn] cfTd;ft gu/]sf] Pj+ nf]slk|o aLpx? klg
kof{Kt k|;f/ x'g g;Sbf s[lif cg';Gwfg k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . kmn:j?k k|d'v s[lif afnLsf] pTkfbg /
pTkfbsTjdf pNn]Vo ;'wf/ x'g;s]sf] 5}g . s[lif afnL / k|ljlwsf] cg';GwfgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfO{ xfn j}b]lzs
/f]huf/Ldf hfg] u/] o'jf hgzlQmnfO{ s[lif k];fdf cfslif{t u/L s[lif pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj a9fO{ s[lif
pTkfbgdf d'n'snfO{ cfTdlge{/ agfpg'k5{ .
;+ul7t ;+:yf, cGo ;+:yf / ;ldlt
g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\
/fli6«o s[lif gLltsf] cwLgdf /xL s[lif ;DaGwL cWoog tyf cg';Gwfg ug{ cfjZos gLltlgdf{0f ug]{,
s[lif ;DaGwL cWoog tyf cg';Gwfgsf] k|fyldstf tf]Sg], g]kfndf ePsf s[lif cg';Gwfg ;DaGwL sfo{x?sf]
;dLIff ug]{ / s[lif ;DaGwL ;d:ofx?sf] klxrfg u/L /fli6«o s[lif gLlt th'{df ug{] p2]Zon] g]kfn s[lif
cg';Gwfg kl/ifb P]g @)$* cg';f/ kl/ifb\sf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] .
72. cWoog labf – kl/ifb\sf] sd{rf/L k|zf;g ljlgodfjnL, @)$( sf] ljlgod #&, #*,/ #(-s_ df
:jb]z tyf ljb]zdf cWoog tyf tflnddf 5gf]6 eO{ hfg] sd{rf/Ln] tf]lsPsf] cWoog cjlwkl5
sfof{nodf clgjfo{ ;]jf ug'{kg]{ / kl/ifb\df ug'{kg]{ ;]jf cjlw k"/f gu/]df cWoog cjlwe/ e'QmfgL
ePsf] tna, eQfnufotsf ;a} lsl;dsf /sd c;'n pk/ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . kl/ifb\n] tna tyf
cGo ;'ljwf;lxt cWoog labf lbPsf !) j}1flgs tyf pRr k|fljlws tf]lsPsf] cWoog labf ;dfKt
u/L sfof{nodf xflh/ gePsf]n] ljlgodcg';f/ % sd{rf/LnfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] ?=^# nfv tyf cGo
;'ljwf olsg u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
73. pTkfbg df}Hbft – kl/ifb\sf] jf;nftcg';f/ of] jif{ cg';GWffgaf6 pTkfbg u/]sf] afnLsf] aLp tyf
vfBfGg;d]t #! kmfd{df ? @ s/f]8 (! nfv #* xhf/ d"Nosf pTkfbg df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 . pTkflbt
aLpsf] df}Hbft ;dodf k|of]u gubf{ pdf/zlQm gi6 x'g], u'0f:t/df x|f; cfpg] x'gfn] ;/f]sf/jfnf
lgsfo tyf s[ifs;Fu ;dGjo u/L pkof]u ug{'kb{5 .
74. gg\ck/]l6e vftf – kl/ifb\ P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !! cg';f/ kl/ifb\n] cfˆgf] ;|f]taf6 k|fKt
cfDbfgL;d]tnfO{ kl/ifb\sf] ah]6df ;dfj]z u/L ;f]xLcg';f/ sfo{s|d agfO{ sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{df
ah]6df ;dfj]z gu/L o:tf cfonfO{ d'2tL vftfdf nufgL u/]sf] 5 . gg ck/]l6e vftfdf utjif{sf]
art;d]t ?=! ca{ #) s/f]8 ^# nfv df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 . kl/ifbsf] sfo{;~rfng tyf k'+lhut vr{
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] jflif{s ah]6df ;dfj]z eO{ ;f]xLadf]lhd cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; sfo{ ;~rfng x'+b}
cfPsf]n] pQm vftfdf /x]sf] df}Hbft kl/ifb\sf] bL3{sfnLg bfloTj afx]s cGo /sd ;l~rtsf]ifdf
bflvnf ug{'kb{5 .
75. cg'bfg – of] jif{ k|lt:kwf{Tds cg'bfg k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t s[lif If]qsf] ;du| ljsf;sf nflu ;/sf/L,
lghL / u}/;/sf/L lgsfo, z}lIfs ;+:yf Pj+ gful/s ;dfhaf6 s[lif cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; ;DaGwL
k|:tfj dfu u/L 5gf}6 ePsf] &* ;+:yfnfO{ ?=* s/f]8 $* nfv ^% xhf/ cg'bfg lbPsf]df ^
;+:yfn] sfo{ ;DkGg gu/L aLrd} 5f]8]sf]df sf/afxL ePsf] 5}g . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ sfo{ gug]{nfO{
lbPsf] cg'bfg lkmtf{ ug{'kb{5 .
b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfg @)&$.&%
u|fdL0f If]qsf s[ifsaf6 pTkflbt b"wsf] ;'/lIft ahf/sf ;fy} zx/L If]qsf b'Uw pkef]tmfnfO{ pRr
u'0f:t/o'Qm b"w tyf b'Uw kbfy{x?sf] cfk"lt{ ug]{ p2]Zon] :yflkt tTsfnLg b'Uw ljsf; af]8{nfO{ ;+:yfg P]g,
@)@! cGtu{t @)@^ df b'Uw ljsf; ;+:yfgdf kl/0ft u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;+:yfgn] b"w k|zf]wg, laqmL ljt/0f,
lrh pTkfbgsf ;fy} b"w tyf b'UwhGo kbfy{ laqmL ljt/0f ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;+:yfgdf *!) sd{rf/L sfo{/t
5g\ . ;+:yfgn] o; jif{ % s/f]8 $! nfv @% xhf/ ln6/ b"w ;Íng, $ s/f]8 $# nfv (# xhf/ ln6/ bxL
tyf & nfv &$ xhf/ lsnf]u|fd a6/ pTkfbg u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
76. ljQLo l:ylt tyf ;~rfng glthf – ;+:yfgsf] k'FhLsf]if ?= &# s/f]8 ! nfvaf6 ;l~rt gf]S;fgL
?=%) s/f]8 $% nfv 36fpFbf hDDff kF'hL ?=@@ s/f]8 %^ nfv /x]sf] b]lvG5 . l:y/ ;DklQ ?=$*
s/f]8 *@ nfv, lgdf{0fwLg ;DklQ ?=$$ nfv, ;]o/ nufgL ?=# s/f]8 $* nfv, rfn' ;DklQ ?=!
ca{ #( s/f]8 && nfv !& xhf/ 5 . rfn' bfloTj tyf Joj:yf ?=! ca{ ^( s/f]8 (% nfv /x]sf]n]
v'b rfn' ;DklQ ?=#) s/f]8 !* nfv C0ffTds b]lvG5 . o;/L hDdf v'b ;DklQ ?=@@ s/f]8 %^
nfv /x]sf] b]lvG5 . laqmL ut jif{ ?=$ ca{ !! s/f]8 $% nfv /x]sf]df o; jif{ ?=# ca{ (* s/f]8
#( nfv /x]sf] 5 . ;l~rt gf]S;fg ut jif{ ?=%$ s/f]8 (& nfv %! xhf/ ePsf]df o; jif{ ?=%)
s/f]8 $$ nfv ^* xhf/ ePsf] 5 .
77. d'2tL lgIf]k – ;+:yfgn] @)&% cfiff9 d;fGt ;Dd ?=@! s/f]8 *^ nfv d'2tL lgIf]kdf nufgL u/]sf]
5 . k|lt:kwf{dfkm{t pRr k|ltkmn k|fKt x'g] a}Ídf nufgL ug'{kg]{df ;f]em} /sd /fv]]sf] cj:yf 5 .
/fli6«o jfl0fHo a}Ídf ePsf] # d'2tL vftfdf ?=@ s/f]8 @^ nfv df}Hbft b]vfPsf] eP tfklg
@)^%.%.!^ df Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] tL vftfsf] gjLs/0f u/]sf] 5}g . ;f] d'2tL vftfdf nufgL u/]sf]
/l;b n]vfk/LIf0fdf k]; ePg . ;f] /sdsf] ;fFjf Aofh k|fKt ug{ ut jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf
cf}FNofPsf]df l:ylt oyfjt 5 .
78. a9L vkt – ;+:yfgsf] k|fljlws ;ldltn] @)^&.(.!$ df tof/ u/]sf] gD;{df k|lt lsnf]u|fd kf]lnlyg
lkmNdaf6 sDtLdf #** Kofs]6 b"w Koflsª x'g'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . ;+:yfgaf6 lgwf{l/t gD;{ cg';f/ !
s]=hL= l/naf6 %)) Pd Pnsf] #** Kofs]6 bxL b"w Koflsª x'g'kg]{] pNn]v 5 . t/ @)^*.^( b]lv
@)&#.&$ ;Dd ;f]adf]lhd pTkfbg x'g g;s]sf] sf/0f hgfpFb} ;+:yfgsf] ;~rfns ;ldltn]
@)&$.*.!$ df ! lsnf]u|fd l/naf6 #^% Kofs]6 bxL b"w Koflsª x'g'kg]{ lg0f{o u/]]sf] 5 .
o;/L ! s]=hL= l/naf6 b"w jf bxLsf] #^% Kofs]6 tof/ x'g'kg]{df ;+:yfgsf cfof]hgfx?df
lgwf{l/t gD;{ eGbf lgs} sd Kofs]6 b"w bxL Koflsª x'g] u/]sf] kfOof] . ut jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6
cf7 cfof]hgfdf ?= #& nfv ($ xhf/ a/fa/sf] l/n a9L vkt u/]sf] Joxf]/f cf}NofPsf]df of] jif{
klg kfFr cfof]hgfdf ?=* nfv &( xhf/ a/fa/sf] gD;{eGbf a9L Koflsª ;fdfg vkt ePsf] b]lvG5 .
o;y{ Koflsªdf vr{ ePsf] ;fdfgcg';f/ pTkflbt ;fdfgsf] d"No c;'n gePsf]n] 5fglag u/L
cfjZos sf/afxL ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
sflndf6L kmnk"mn tyf t/sf/L ljsf; ;ldlt

;ldltn] of] jif{ k;n ef8f ?=^ s/f]8 %# nfv ;d]t ?=( s/f]8 ^% nfv cfDbfgL u/L ahf/ ;~rfngdf
?=! s/f]8 #$ nfv, sd{rf/L tyf kbflwsf/L kfl/>ldsdf ?=# s/f]8 #) nfv / cGo vr{ !( nfv;d]t ?=$
s/f]8 *# nfv vr{ u/L ?=$ s/f]8 *@ nfv art u/]sf] 5 .
79. :6n÷k;nsf] ef8f – ;ldltsf] lgodfjnL, @)^) sf] lgod !* -@_ df ;ldltn] cfˆgf ;6/ tyf :6n
cfo cfh{gsf nflu ef8fdf nufpg ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ lgDgfg';f/sf b//]6 tyf If]qkmnsf k;n
ef8fdf nufO{ jflif{s ?=^ s/f]8 %# nfv #$ xhf/ cfocfh{g u/]sf] 5 .

l;=g ef8fdf lbPsf lgsfout laj/0f k;n ;+Vof If]qkmn -ju{lkm6_ k|lt ju{ lkm6 ef8f b/
! ;xsf/L ;+3 ;:yf !% &* b]lv *) ;Dd $!=($
@ kmnk"mn sf/f]af/ ;~rfng !! @)) b]lv @*! ;Dd &%=!%
# e08f/ k|of]hgsf nflu #% !@( b]lv @)) %!=*!
$ df5f sf/f]af/sf nflu @& !)) %@=#&
% yf]s sf/f]af/sf nflu #*) ^# b]lv @%% ;Dd %#=$(
^ v'b|f ahf/tkm{ ^& $) b]lv $! ;Dd %*=&%
& sfof{no k|of]hgtkm{ & !)) #%=!)
79.1. lgodfjnLsf] Joj:yfcg';f/ ef8fb/nfO{ k|To]s %÷% jif{df k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{kg]{, ef8f b/ k'g/fjnf]sg
ubf{ ;ldltn] pko'Qm 7fg]sf cGo s'/fx?sf] cltl/Qm sfod e}/x]sf] ef8f b/, k|rlnt ahf/sf] ef8f b/,
d'b|fl:kmlt / l/Qm :yfgsf] dfu;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ u/L ;do ;fk]If ef8f /sd lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
;ldltn] s'n %(# ;6/ sandWo] d'Vo :yfgdf /x]sf a9L sf/f]af/ x'g] $)& ;6/ @)^% df !% jif{sf]
nflu / cGo ;6/ % jif{sf nflu ;Demf}tf u/L ef8fdf lbPsf]] 5 . ;ldltn] ef8f b/ cBfjlws u/]/ dfq
;6/ ef8f ;Demf}tf ug'{kb{5 .
79.2. ;ldltsf] cflYf{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)&# sf] lgod @(-@_ df s[lif pkh laqmL ljt/0fsf nflu tf]s]sf]
:yfg jf k;neGbf afx]s cGo :6n Pj+ jf]nkqsf] dfWodåf/f ljt/0f ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;ldltcGt{ut
sflndf6Lsf ! ;6/ tyf #! :6n tyf afnfh'sf ( :6n ljut jif{b]lv vfnL /x]sf] b]lvof] . pQm ;6/
tyf :6n ljt/0f gubf{ ;ldltn] cfDbfgL u'dfPsf] cj:yf 5 . lgoddf Joj:yf ePcg';f/ af]nkqsf]
k|lqmofaf6 ef8fdf nufO{ cfo cfh{g ug'{kb{5
sl[if ;fdu|L sDkgL lnld6]8, @)&$.&%
/f;folgs dn pTkfbg Pj+ cfoft u/L s[ifsnfO{ ;'ne tyf ;'ky d"Nodf ljqmL ljt/0f ug'{sf] ;fy}
s[lif pTkfbgsf] j[l4df ;xof]u ug{ ;/sf/sf] nufgLdf :yflkt of] ;+:yf sDkgL P]g, @)^# cg';f/ ;~rfng
x'+b} cfPsf] 5 .
80. ljQLo l:ylt tyf ;~rfng glthf – lnld6]8sf] @)&% cfiff9 d;fGtdf z]o/ k'FhL ?=$@ s/f]8 ^$
nfv, hu]8f sf]if tyf ;l~rt gfkmf ?= ! cj{ !( s/f]8 ** nfv /x]sf] b]lvG5 . l:y/ ;DklQ ?=*#
s/f]8 ( nfv , nufgL ?=%$ s/f]8 %* nfv / rfn' ;DklQ ?=@ ca{ %$ s/f]8 #^ nfvdf rfn'
bfloTj tyf Joj:yf ?=@ ca{ @( s/f]8 %) nfv 36fpbf v'b rfn' ;DklQ ? @$ s/f]8 *^ nfv
;d]t ;DklQ ? ! cj{ ^@ s/f]8 %@ nfv /x]sf] b]lvG5 . utjif{ ?= !# s/f]8 @! nfv gfkmf /x]sf]df
o; jif{ ?=!$ s/f]8 %$ nfv gfkmf e} ;l~rt gfkmf ? ^# s/f]8 $@ nfv k'u]sf] 5 .
81. s[lif dnsf] dfu / cfk"lt{ – k/Dk/fut s[lif k|0ffnLdf cfj4 s[ifs /x]sf] xfd|f] b]zdf /f;folgs
dnsf] dfu x/]s jif{ j9\b} uPsf] 5 . /f;folgs dn cfk"lt{ ug]{ o; sDkgLn] jflif{s ?kdf dnsf]
dfu / cfk"lt{sf] ljZn]if0f u/]sf] 5}g . ut jif{ ?= ^ cj{ !* s/f]8 $# nfvsf] @ nfv %& xhf/
d]l6«s 6g /f;folgs dn cfoft u/L ljqmL u/]sf]df of] jif{ ?=^ cj{ ^ s/f]8 ( nfvsf] @ nfv $)
xhf/ d]l6«s6g /f;fogLs dn cfoft u/L ljqmL u/]sf] b]lvof] . @)&% c;f/ kl5 dfq @) xhf/
$$( d]l6«s6g dn cfoft ePsf] 5 . x/]s jif{ v]tL ug]{ ;dodf ;xh ?kdf dn k|fKt x'g ;s]sf]
b]lvb}g . v]tL ug]{ ;dodf ls;fgn] ;xh} dn k|fKt ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
82. d"No cg'bfg – sDkgLn] ;x'lnotb/df /f;folgs dn vl/b u/L ljqmL ljt/0f ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/af6
@ nfv !! xhf/ d]l6«s6g dnsf] nflu ut jif{ eGbf ?=!! s/f]8 a9L x'g] u/L ?=# cj{ ^# s/f]8
(% nfv cg'bfg k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . ut jif{ eGbf !& d]l6«s6g Go"g x'g] u/L /f;folgs dn ljqmL
ljt/0f ePsf] b]lvG5 . o;/L ljqmL k/Ldf0f 36]sf]df cg'bfg j9\b} hfg'n] dnsf] vl/b nfutdf j[l4
ePsf] b]lvG5 . s[ifsn] ;dodf dn k|fKt ug{ g;s]]sf] sf/0f cfk"lt{ sfo{ k|efjsf/L b]lvPg . o:tf]]
cj:yfdf ;'wf/ ug'{ kb{5 .

83. cgfjZos Jooef/ – sd{rf/Ln] k|fKt u/]sf] kf/L>lds nufotsf ;'ljwfdf nfUg] kf/L>lds s/
sd{rf/L :jo+dn] Joxf]g'{ kb{5 . sd{rf/Lsf]] kf/L>ldsdf lgwf{/0f ePsf] kf/L>lds s/ @)&#.&$
;Ddsf] ?=$ s/f]8 # nfv / o; aif{sf] ¿= %( nfv ;d]t ?=$ s/f]8 ^@ nfv sDkgLaf6 vr{ n]lv
e'QmfgL u/]sf] b]lvof] . sd{rf/Ln] Joxf]g]{ s/ sDkgLaf6 vr{ n]lv e'QmfgL ug{ ldNg] gb]lvPsf]n] pQm
/sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
84. Dofb yk – dn vl/bsf] nflu @)&$.&% df ;+emf}tf ePsf ;a} ;+emf}tfsf] Dofb yk u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
cfk"lt{stf{nfO{ ;xh agfpg, lgod adf]lhd cfk"lt{ ePsf] b]vfpg / cfk"lt{stfnfO{ nfUg] k'j{
lgwf{/Lt Ifltk"lt{ ¿=& s/f]8 *$ nfv glng]sf] dg;fon] dfq clwsf+z Dofb yk u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
jf]nkq :jLs[t ubf{ cfk"lt{stf{af6 lng] w/f}6L /sd lgs} sd eO{ ahf/df dnsf] d"No a9\bf x'g]
t'ngfTds 3f6f a9L x'g] ePsf] sf/0f dnsf] cfk"lt{ g} gx'g] cj:yf b]lvPaf6 Dofb yk u/]sf] eGg]
sf/0f sDkgLn] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . sDkgLn] jf]nkq :jLs[t ubf{ dnsf] cfk"lt{ ;do cg';f/ g} ug{
nufpg] Joj:yf x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
85. 36L cfk"lt{ – sDKfgLsf] jf;nftdf cGo u|fxs zLif{s cGtu{t lng afFsL ? # s/f]8 !! nfv ^%
xhf/ b]vfPsf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ef/taf6 @)&!.&@ df dn vl/b ubf{ 36L dn cfPsf]] ?= !( nfv &
xhf/ / @)&@.&# df 36L dn cfPsf] ?= ! s/f]8 $* nfv $% xhf/ ;d]t ?= ! s/f]8 ^& nfv %@
xhf/ pQm sDkgLjf6 lng jfFsL b]vfPsf]df of] aif{;Dd lkmtf{ cfPsf] 5}g . sDkgLn] clu|d e'StfgL
k7fPsf] /sdsf] ;fdfg k|fKt gx'Fbf ;dod} /sd lkmtf{ kfpg] Joj:yf ;lxtsf] vl/b k|lqmof
ckgfpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
cg'udg tyf a]?h"
 cg'udg – ut ljutsf k|ltj]bgdf /f;foflgs dndf ;~rfng vr{ cg'bfg lbPsf], ;DefJotf cWoog /
k|ltkmnnfO{ Wofgdf /flv of]hgf 5gf}6 gu/]sf], tf]lsPsf] nIo cg';f/ cfof]hgfdf k|ult gePsf], k/fdz{
;]jf vr{df lgoGq0f gePsf], vfB j:t'sf] Go"gtd dfkb08 k"/f gug]{nfO{ sf/afxL gu/]sf], vl/b
;fdfgsf] pkof]u gePsf], kz' :jf:Yo 3'DtL sf]ifsf] k|efjsfl/tf g/x]sf] nufotsf Joxf]/f cf}+NofPsf]df
of] jif{ klg ;'wf/ u/]sf] gb]lvFbf k'g/fj[lQ gx'g] u/L sfo{;Dkfbg ug'{kb{5 .
 a]?h" l:ylt – of] jif{ dGqfno / dftxt;d]tsf lgsfosf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] a]?h"sf] l:ylt
b]xfocg';f/ 5M
 ;/sf/L sfof{notkm{ $)@ lgsfodf ?=! ca{ #@ s/f]8 !& nfv ^@ xhf/ a]?h' b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes
k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fPkl5 ?=% s/f]8 (# nfv @( xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=! ca{ @^ s/f]8 @$ nfv
## xhf/ afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=!! s/f]8 &* nfv ^ xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL
ljj/0f cg';"rL !% df 5 .
 ;Ful7t ;+:yf, ;ldlt / cGo ;+:yf *) tkm{ ?=# s/f]8 &% nfv $) xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]d f k|f/lDes
k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fPkl5 ?=@ nfv (# xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=# s/f]8 &@ nfv $& xhf/ afFsL
/x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=!& nfv !^ xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL !^ df 5 .

vfg]kfgL dGqfno
dGqfnosf] sfo{ If]qdf vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{;DaGwL gLlt, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf] th'{df,
sfof{Gjog, cg'udg, lgodg / d"NofÍg ug]{, vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO{ tyf 9n lgsf;sf] sfo{df cGt/f{li6«o jf
If]qLo ;+3 ;+:yf;Fu ;Dks{ sfod u/L :jR5 vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] nufotsf sfo{
/x]sf 5g\ . dGqfno;d]t *% lgsfoaf6 ;]jf k|jfx x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
dGqfno / dftxtsf] of] jif{ ljlgof]hg ?=@$ ca{ ^@ s/f]8 *) nfv $^ xhf/, /fh:j ?=* s/f]8
^! nfv #@ xhf/, w/f}6L ?=! ca{ (@ s/f]8 &^ nfv ^& xhf/ / cGo sf/f]af/ ?=!& s/f]8 ^$ nfv @
xhf/;d]t ?=@^ ca{ *! s/f]8 *@ nfv $& xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;+ul7t ;+:yf, ;ldlt /
cGo ;+:yf;dt]sf] ?=#& ca{ !* s/f]8 & nfv && xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] sf/f]af/sf]
n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
1. rf}wf}F of]hgfsf] k|ult – /fli6«o ljsf; ;d:of ;dfwfg pk;ldltsf] a}7sdf k|:t't k|ult ljj/0fdf
!$cf}F of]hgf cjlwdf cfwf/e"t :t/sf] vfg]kfgL ;'ljwf () k|ltzt k'¥ofpg] nIo /fv]sf]df o; jif{
;DDf **=! k|ltzt, pRr tyf dWod:t/sf] vfg]kfgL ;]jfaf6 nfeflGjt hg;+Vof #) k|ltzt k'¥ofpg]
nIo /fv]sf]df @) k|ltzt dfq k'u]sf] pNn]v 5 . of]hgf cjlw ! jif{ dfq afFsL /x]sf] ;Gbe{df
ck]lIft nIo k|fKt ug{ sfo{of]hgf;lxt sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
2. ;+u7g ;+/rgf – dGqfnosf] k'gM ;+/rgf eO{ ;+3Lo ;/sf/cGtu{t vfg]kfgL dGqfno, ljefu /
dftxt 15 ;+3Lo vfg]kfgL tyf 9n Joj:yfkg cfof]hgf, k|b]z ;/sf/ cGtu{t ef}lts k"jf{wf/
ljsf; dGqfno, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ dxfzfvf / dftxt #) vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ l8lehg
sfo{fno / ;+3df #%#, k|fGtdf ^!*, :yfgLo txdf $^) sd{rf/L /xg] u/L ;+u7g tyf b/aGbL
:jLs[t ePsf] 5 .
3. of]hgf ;+/rgf – dlGqkl/ifb\sf] @)&%.@.@# sf] lg0f{on] ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txaf6 sfof{Gjog ug]{
vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ cfof]hgfsf] juL{s/0f u/]sf] 5 . ;f]cg';f/ ;+3cGtu{t /fli6«o k|s[ltsf 7"nf
cfof]hgf, ;xnufgLdf lgdf{0f x'g] j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf cfof]hgf, 9n k|zf]wg ug]{ cfof]hgf, t/fO{
dw]zdf #) xhf/, kxf8df !) xhf/ / lxdfndf % xhf/eGbf a9L hg;+VofnfO{ vfg]kfgL ;]jf
k'¥ofpg] cfof]hgf, vfg]kfgL ;|f]t / ljt/0f 5'§f5'§} k|b]zdf kg]{ cfof]hgfx? / 7"nf] nufgL cfjZos
kg]{ ax'p2]ZoLo kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg tyf k|zf]wg ;DaGwL cfof]hgf /x]sf 5g\ .
k|b]z cGtu{t k|b]z:t/sf cfwf/e"t vfg]kfgL pTkfbg, k|zf]wg Pj+ ljt/0f, kmf]xf]/d}nf
Joj:yfkg Pj+ k|zf]wg / PseGbf a9L :yfgLo txnfO{ k|efj kfg]{ cfof]hgfx? /x]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L
:yfgLo txaf6 vfg]kfgL ljt/0f tyf cg'udg, ;/;kmfO{;DaGwL hgr]tgf, u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf
kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkg sfo{ ;~rfng x'g] pNn]v 5 . dGqfnon] ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txaf6 ;~rfng
x'g] sfo{qmd / ah]6df bf]xf]/f]kgf gcfpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
4. j}b]lzs ;xof]usf] pkof]u – dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf] k|flKt / pkof]usf]
cj:yf cWoog ubf{ dGqfnodf cfOl8P ;|f]taf6 ?=($ s/f]8 ^( nfv k|fKt x'g] pNn]v ePsf]df @#
s/f]8 &* nfv -@%=!! k|ltzt_, d]nDrL / ;fgf zx/L vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfdf % ;Demf}tfdfkm{t
cd]l/sL 8n/ @* s/f]8 ^( nfv #) xhf/ k|fKt x'g] pNn]v ePsf]df !# s/f]8 !* nfv (^ xhf/
-$%=(^ k|ltzt_ / u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO sf]if ljsf; ;ldltdf cfO{8LP ;|f]taf6 P;8Lcf/
%( nfv #% xhf/ k|fKt x'g] pNn]v ePsf]df #( nfv (( xhf/ -^&=#& k|ltzt_ k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
k|lta4tfadf]lhd ;xof]u k|fKt u/L lgwf{l/t ;dodf cfof]hgf ;DkGg ug{'kb{5 .
5. /sdfGt/ – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !(-#_ df cy{ dGqfnon] lgwf{/0f u/]sf]
If]qut / dGqfnout ah]6 /sdsf] ;Ldf cg';f/ ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd tof/ u/L k]; ug'k{ g]{ tyf ;f]xL

vfg]kfgL dGqfno
lgodfjnLsf] lgod $)-!_ df :jLs[t ah]6sf] /sd csf]{ ah]6 pkzLif{s, ;|f]t jf vr{ zLif{sdf
/sdfGt/ ug]{ clwsf/ cy{ dGqfnosf] x'g] Joj:yf 5 . vfg]kfgL dGqfnon] ah]6 th'{df ubf{ pko'{Qm
kIf ljrf/ gu/L z'? ljlgof]lht ah]6 ?= !@ ca{ $$ s/f]8 $# nfvdf ?=# ca{ ^ s/f]8 !# nfv -
@$=^) k|ltzt_ /sdfGt/ yk u/L vr{ u/]sf] 5 .
5.1. o; jif{ cy{ dGqfnosf]] @)&%.#.!% b]lv #@ ut];Ddsf] lg0f{oaf6 ?= @ ca{ %$ s/f]8 /sdfGt/
u/]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] cfiff9 #@ ut] dfq ?=!& s/f]8 %$ nfv /sdfGt/ u/]sf] 5 . cy{ dGqfnon]
/sdfGt/;DaGwL kqdf ;|f]tsf]] olsg gu/L bfloTj l;h{gf ug{ gx'g] pNn]v u/]sf]df dGqfnon]
@)&%.&.& df ul7t ;ldltdfkm{t 5fglag ubf{ yk ah]6af6 ;DkGg lgdf{0f sfo{sf] e'QmfgL ePsf]
pNn]v 5 .
5.2. vfg]kfgL tyf 9n lgsf; ljefun] z'? sfo{qmddf ?=( s/f]8 %) nfv *$ xhf/ yk u/L l8k
6\o'aj]n nufot ljleGg lgdf{0f sfo{df, l8lehg
sfof{no, afUn'ªn] z'? sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z gePsf of] jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 d'VotM
of]hgfsf] nflu @)&%.#.@% / #! ut] ?=!% s/f]8 !* jiff{Gtdf /sdfGt/ u/L vr{ u/]sf],
dftxt lgsfosf] sfo{qmd;d]t ljefuaf6
nfv yk clVtof/Lsf] ah]6af6 vr{ u/]sf] 5 . l8lehg ;~rfng ePsf], lgdf{0f sfo{ ;dodf
sfof{no, df]/ªnfO{ @)&%.#.@@ df clVtof/L lbPsf] ?=@ ;DkGg gePsf], lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ a9L
s/f]8 $@ nfv %# xhf/af6 kfOk tyf lkml6ª\; ;fdu|L e'QmfgL lbPsf], pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6
vl/b u/L df}Hbft /fv]sf] 5 . sf7df8f}F If]qLo tf]lsPsf] ;LdfeGbf a9Lsf] sfo{ u/fPsf],
sfof{non] ?=^ s/f]8 () nfv, bfr'{nfn] ?=!) s/f]8 pkef]Qmf ;ldlt;Fu ;Demf}tf u/L lgdf{0f
$# nfv /sdfGt/af6 lgsf;f u/L s]xL lgdf{0f sfo{sf] Joj;foLaf6 sfo{ u/fPsf], vl/b sfo{df
e'QmfgL u/]sf] / kfOk tyf lkml6ª\; vl/b u/L df}Hbft k|lt:kwf{ Go"g /x]sf], lgoldt k|s[ltsf]
/fv]sf] 5 . sfo{df ;d]t k/fdz{bftf /fvL Jooef/
kf/]sf] nufotsf Joxf]/f b]lvPsf]n] ;'wf/
5.3. o; jif{ ^ pkzLif{sdf ?=# ca{ @ s/f]8 ^% nfv yk, ug'{kb{5 .
% pkzLif{sdf ?=@& s/f]8 &% nfv 36 tyf @
pkzLif{sdf ?=%$ s/f]8 $* nfv yk 36 b'a} ePsf]n] z'? ah]6 ljlgof]hg oyfy{ k/s b]lvPg .
6. df}Hbft – ;lrj:t/Lo @)^@.!!.* sf] lg0f{o / ljefusf] @)^#.!.# sf] kl/kqg';f/ kfOk tyf
lkml6ª;÷cf}hf/ vl/b ug]{ ;DaGwdf ut ljutsf] df}Hbftsf] pkof]u ug]{ / cTofjZos ePdf dfq
vl/b ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . ljleGg !* vfg]kfgL sfof{nodf ?=& s/f]8 $@ nfv d"Nosf] % nfv ^#
xhf/ ld6/ kfOk afFsL /x]sf]df of] jif{ ?=!^ s/f]8 *^ nfv d"Nosf !@ nfv *^ xhf/ ld6/ kfOk
vl/b u/]sf] b]lvG5 . of] jif{sf] cGtdf sf7df8f}F, df]/ª, nlntk'/, ;+v'jf;ef, emfkfnufot !*
sfof{nodf ?=!! s/f]8 !( nfv d"Nosf % nfv ( xhf/ ld6/ kfOk / @! l8lehg sfof{nodf ?=!^
s/f]8 !( nfvsf] lkml6ª\; df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 . ;DalGwt jif{sf] jflif{s sfo{qmdcg';f/ vl/b u/L
pkof]u ug'{kb{5 .
7. OlGhlgol/Ë ;'ljwf – ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltsf] @)^(.!.* sf] lg0f{odf lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] lan ckm
SjflG66Ldf OlGhlgol/ª ;'ljwf /fv]/ lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ e'QmfgL ug]{ sfo{df lgoGq0f ug'{kg]{ pNn]v
5 . ;f] lg0f{oljk/Lt dGqfnon] Ps k/fdz{bftf sDkgL;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tfdf ;jf/L;fwg tyf
d]l;g/L pks/0f ;dfj]z u/L ?=^$ nfv !$ xhf/, cfof]hgf sfo{fGjog lgb]{zgfnon] ( 7]Ssfdf
;jf/L;fwg, ef8f, ;fO6 sfof{no, pks/0f / k|ltj]bgsf] nflu ?=@@ s/f]8 #! nfv !( xhf/, t];|f]
;fgf zx/L vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ sfo{qmdn] % vfg]kfgL of]hgfdf ?=!* nfv #! xhf/ vr{ n]v]sf]
5 . o; lsl;dsf] vr{sf ;DaGwdf ;Demf}tf ug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
vfg]kfgL tyf 9n lgsf; ljefu
8. clwsf/ If]q – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !!* df clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf]
clwsf/df tfn's sfof{no jf kbflwsf/Ln] x:tIf]k ug{ gkfOg] Joj:yf 5 . ;f] ljk/Lt df]/ª, s}nfnL,
gjnk/f;L, afun'ª, kj{t, tfKn]h'ª, bfr{'nf nufotsf lhNnfdf ;f]nf/ k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t vfg]kfgL
cfof]hgf, l8k 6\o'aj]n cfof]hgf, k'ge{/0f kf]v/L, ;fj{hlgs zf}rfno nufotsf lgdf0f{ sfo{sf] nflu
vfg]kfgL dGqfno
ljefu cfkm}n] $ ah]6 pkzLif{sdf sfo{qmd /fvL ?=## s/f]8 ^& nfv *@ xhf/ vr{ n]v]sf] 5 .
s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf] ?kdf /x]sf] ljefun] dftxtsf sfof{non] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg tyf
d"NofÍg Pj+ gLlt lgdf{0f sfo{df s]lGb|t x'g'kg]{df lhNnfl:yt sfof{nosf] sfo{qmdx? cfk}mF ;~rfng
ug{' dgfl;a b]lvPg .
9. zfvfut vr{ – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #@ -@_ df ljefuLo k|d'vn] sfo{qmd
;~rfng ug]{ sfof{nonfO{ :jLs[t sfo{qmd / vr{ug]{ ;|f]t vf]nL clVtof/L k7fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
ljefusf] dxflgb]{zsnfO{ k|fKt clVtof/Laf6 ljefusf !@ zfvfnfO{ 5'§} sfof{nosf] ?kdf ah]6
Joj:yf u/L ?=# s/f]8 %) nfv (& xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] pko'Qm b]lvPg .
10. cw'/f cfof]hgf – vfg]kfgL tyf 9n lgsf; ljefucGtu{t ;~rflnt vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfdWo]
@)&$.&% ;Dd qmdfut cfof]hgf # xhf/ *#% ;~rflntdWo] # xhf/ $@@ -*(=@@ k|ltzt_
cfof]hgf cw'/f /x]sf 5g\ . tL cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfut ?=! va{ @* ca{ (# s/f]8 %! nfvdWo]
xfn;Dd ?=@@ ca{ (@ s/f]8 #@ nfv -!&=&* k|ltzt_ vr{ ePsf] 5 . ljefu dftxt @)%^.%& b]lv
@)^*.^( eGbf cufl8 z'? ePsf a'lt{afË, O6x/f, 8fFuLxf6, n'Ë?kf;d]t 27 lhNnfsf 261
of]hgfx?sf] nfut cg'dfg ?=!! ca{ $! s/f]8 !% nfv ePsf]df xfn;Dd ?=$ ca{ ^* s/f]8 !
nfv dfq vr{ eO{ of]hgf cw'/f] cj:yfdf 5g\ . ctM cw'/f cfof]hgf ;dod} ;DkGg ug{ ljefun]
Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
11. of]hgf ljjfb – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod ^ -#_ df lgdf{0f :ynsf] Joj:yf geO{
vl/b sfo{ ug{gx'g] pNn]v 5 . aemfª, afh'/f, bf]nvf, t]x«y'dnufotsf ( l8lehg sfof{nox?df
?=@# s/f]8 (* nfv nfut cg'dfg ePsf !! vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfdf d'xfgnufotsf ljjfbsf]
sf/0faf6 lgdf{0f sfo{ cj?4 eO{ xfn;Dd ePsf] vr{ ?=! s/f]8 !* nfv v]/ hfg] cj:yfdf b]lvG5 .
l8lehg sfof{no, cf]vn9'ËfcGtu{t ljho6f/ l;+xb]jL vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfsf] nfut cg'dfg ?=*
s/f]8 @& nfv @@ xhf/ /x]sf]df of] jif{ ?=@* nfv ljlgof]hg eP klg :yfgLo:t/df pkef]QmfaLr
ljjfb /x]sf] sf/0f ?=$ nfv @) xhf/sf lkml6ª ;fdu|L vl/b u/L df}Hbft /fv]sf] / bf]nvfsf]
nfld8fF8f pkef]Qmf ;ldltdf ljjfbsf sf/0f ?=%^ nfv ljlgof]hg ePsf]df ?=% nfvdfq vr{ u/]sf]
5 . To:t} l8lehg sfof{no, /f}tx6n] !$ of]hgfsf] nflu ?=** nfv ljlgof]hg eP klg hUuf
pknAw gePsf] / pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7gdf ljjfb eO{ sfo{ ;~rfng u/]sf] 5}g . ljjfb ;dfwfg u/L
lgdf{0f sfo{ ;~rfng ug'kb{5 eg] cfufdL lbgdf k"j{ tof/Lsf sfo{ ;DkGg u/L ljjfb gx'g] u/L
of]hgf ;~rfng ug'{kb{5 .
12. k|lt:kwf{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] k|:tfjgfdf ;fj{hlgs vl/b k|lqmofdf k|lt:kwf{, :jR5tf,
OdfGbfl/tf, hjfkmb]lxtf / ljZj;gLotf k|j4{g ug{ of] P]gsf] th'{df ul/Psf] pNn]v 5 . To:t} ;f]xL
P]gsf] bkmf *-@_ df k|lt:kwf{ ;Lldt x'g] u/L 6'qmf u/L vl/b sfo{ gx'g] / bkmf @^-^_ df
af]nkqbftfn] cfk;df ldn]dtf] u/L af]nkq bflvnf u/]df To:tf] af]nkq /2 x'g] Joj:yf 5 . o;
;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f b]xfoadf]lhd 5g\M
12.1. ljefun] ;f]nf/ k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t @( l8k 6\o'aj]n vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfsf] nflu klxnf] r/0fdf !^
Kofs]hdf ?=& s/f]8 &$ nfv %$ xhf/sf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/L af]nkq cfXjfg u/]sf]df !$
Kofs]hdf Ps dfq af]nkqbftfsf] af]nkq bflvnf ePsf]n] lgh;Fu ?=& s/f]8 ^% nfv @^ xhf/
-nfut cg'dfgsf] t'ngfdf !=@) k|ltzt 36L_ df ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . o;/L !$ Kofs]hdf Pp6fdfq
af]nkq bflvnf ePkl5 k'gM bf];|f] r/0fcGtu{t ?=% s/f]8 (* nfv ^( xhf/sf] nfut cg'dfgnfO{
!# Kofs]h agfO{ af]nkq cfXjfg u/]sf]df ;f]xL lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=% s/f]8 () nfv %% xhf/
-nfut cg'dfgsf] t'ngfdf !=#^ k|ltzt 36L_ df ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . klxnf] r/0fsf] af]nkqdf
kof{Kt k|lt:kwf{ gePsf] ;DaGwdf 5fglag gu/L bf];|f] r/0fdf lghsf] ! dfq af]nkq k]; ePsf]
cj:yfdf ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . pQm sfo{df k|lt:kwf{ ePsf] b]lvPg .
12.2. ljefu dftxtsf l8lehg tyf ;jl8lehg sfof{nox?n] ljleGg vfg]kfgL of]hgfsf] nflu kfOk vl/b
ubf{ pTkfbs sDkgLx?aLr k|lt:kwf{ x'g g;sL nfut cg'dfgs} xf/fxf/Ldf ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 .
vfg]kfgL dGqfno
ljefuaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ sf7df8f}F, nlntk'/, df]/ªnufotsf !% sfo{fnox?n] ?=!( s/f]8 &%
nfv &* xhf/ nfut cg'dfg ePsf] Pr8LkL kfOk )=@) k|ltztdfq 36L cÍ ?=!( s/f]8 &! nfv
&) xhf/df vl/b ePsf] 5 .
ljefu / dftxtsf lgsfox?sf] vl/b sfo{ ldtJooL, ljZj;gLo / k|lt:kwL{ agfpg'kb{5 .
13. a9L b/df e'QmfgL – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] k|:tfjgfdf ;fj{hlgs vl/b k|s[of :jR5 Pj+
k|lt:kwL{ agfO{ ldtJooL 9un] ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ adf]lhd :jLs[t
gD;{sf] cfwf/df nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{kb{5 . vfg]kfgL k'gM :yfkgf sfo{qmdaf6 $$ ;ldltnfO{
km]la|s];g cfk"lt{ / Nsf]l/g];g OsfO{ vl/b tyf 9'jfgL ug{ Ps cfk"t{s;Fu ?=@ s/f]8 &) nfv ^
xhf/sf] ;Demf}tf u/L e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . vfg]kfgL u'0f:t/ tyf lgodg zfvfn] ;f]xL k|s[ltsf] sfo{df
## ;ldltnfO{ ?=%% nfv &( xhf/sf] ;Demf}tf u/L e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . u'0f:t/ / k'gM :yfkgf
zfvfsf] nfut cg'dfg ljZn]if0f ubf{ 8f]lhª kDk ljy df]6/÷8fO{kmdf{ kDk;]6, s]ldsn 6}+s, ldSr;{,
On]lS6«s js{, lkml6ª\; -eNe, g6af]N6nufot_ tyf 9'jfgLdf k|lt of]hgf ?=! nfv &) xhf/ b//]6
km/s k/]sf] b]lvof] . ;f] adf]lhd $$ of]hgfdf tL cfO6ddf dfq k'gM:yfkgf zfvftkm{ ?=&$ nfv
*) xhf/ a9L Jooef/ k/]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;|f]taf6 vr{ x'g] /sddf hfkfg OG6/g];gn
sf]ck/];g Ph]G;Lsf] l;kmfl/;df pRr b/df s]xL :k]l;lkms];g km/s kf/L nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/L
gD;{;d]t gagfO{ u/]]sf] vr{ sfg'g;Ddt b]lvPg .
;fy} k'gM :yfkgf sfo{qmdtkm{ :jLs[t gD;{a]u/ ! 8fO{kmdf{ kDk ;]6 yk pknAw u/fO{
k|ltuf]6f ?=! nfv $# xhf/sf] b/n] $$ of]hgfdf ?=^@ nfv (^ xhf/ vr{ ePsf] /sd;d]t
sfg'g;Ddt b]lvPg . :k]o/sf] ?kdf pks/0fx? pknAw u/fpg ;f]xLadf]lhd gD;{ :jLs[t ePsf]
x'g'kb{5 .
14. k/fdz{ ;]jf – ljefudf :yfoL tyf k'n b/aGbL;lxt ;x–;lrj !), pk–;lrj @& / OlGhlgo/, cGo
clws[t tyf ;a OlGhlgo/ *( sd{rf/L ;d]t !@^ hgf ;DalGwt If]qsf lj1 / k|fljlws hgzlQm
sfo{/t /x]sf]df lghx?nfO{ :ki6 sfo{ljj/0f;lxtsf] lhDd]jf/L tf]s]sf] 5}g . ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g,
@)^# sf] bkmf @( df ;fj{hlgs lgsfodf pknAw hgzlQmaf6 sfd x'g g;Sg] ePdf dfq k/fdz{
;]jf lng ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
14.1. ;fgf zx/L vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfsf] nflu ;+:yfut ;]jf ;xof]u / ;Nnfxsf/ OsfO{sf] ?kdf
k/fdz{bftfnfO{ ?=@ s/f]8 ^* nfv %@ xhf/ e'QmfgL ug]{ u/L ;Demf}tf ePsf]df xfn;Dd ?=!% nfv
&$ xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . ljefudf k/fdz{bftfsf] 5'§} ;lrjfno v8f u/L rfn' jif{ ?=## nfv (&
xhf/= vr{ ePsf] 5 . cfof]hgfsf] nflu 5'§} sfof{no v8f u/L ;~rfngdf /x]sf] cj:yfdf ljefudf
;d]t k/fdz{bftf /fvL yk Jooef/ k/]sf] 5 .
14.2. ;DefJotf cWoog, ;j]{If0f, l8hfOg / nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug]{ sfo{sf] nflu sfof{nosf] hgzlQmaf6
ug{ ;Sg]÷g;Sg] ;DaGwdf ljZn]if0f gu/L l8lehg sfof{no c3f{vfFrLn] ^ k/fdz{bftf kmd{nfO{ ?=@%
nfv %( xhf/, cf]vn9'Ëfn] of]hgf ;j]{If0f tyf l8hfOg sfo{ % k/fdz{bftfaf6 u/fO{ ?=!! nfv ((
xhf/, nlntk'/n] of]hgf l8hfOg tyf ;e]{ nfut cg'dfg, k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍgsf]
nflu ?=%! nfv @# xhf/ / dxf]Q/Ln] ?=!( nfv ($ xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] cf}lrTok"0f{ b]lvFb}g .
14.3. vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;xnufgL cfof]hgfx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg, cg'udg tyf Joj:yfkg ug{ Ps
k/fdz{bftf;Fu ?=@ s/f]8 @% nfv ^@ xhf/df #^ dlxgf sfo{ cjlw /xg] u/L @)&%.#.@^ df
;Demf}tf u/L @)&%.#.#! df k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg k|fKt u/L ?=@! nfv %# xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . ut
ljutdf k/fdz{bftfn] tof/ kf/]sf cWoog k|ltj]bgsf] k'g/fjnf]sg, lgodg / u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f sfo{
ljefud} sfo{/t hgzlQmaf6 ug{'kg]{df ;f] sfo{sf] nflu ;d]t k'gMk/fdz{bftf /fvL vr{ ug]{ sfo{
clgoldt b]lvG5 . k/fdz{bftf vr{df cgfjZos Jooef/ kfg]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ c;'n
ug{'kb{5 .
15. ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0faf6 k/fdz{ vr{ – dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{noåf/f hf/L cfly{s ;+s]t tyf juL{s/0f,
@)&! adf]lhd ;DefJotf cWoog, ;j]{If0f, l8hfOg, 8«Oª, cGj]if0f, pTvgg, cg';Gwfg tyf k'FhLut
vfg]kfgL dGqfno
lgdf{0fsf] nfutdf ;dfj]z x'g] k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] nflu k'FhLut cg';Gwfg tyf k/fdz{df ah]6 Joj:yf
ug{]'kg]{df ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0faf6 t/fO{ dw]z vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf, 9n lgdf{0f tyf k|zf]wg sfo{qmd,
vfg]kfgL ;]jf lgodg tyf k'gM :yfkgf sfo{qmdcGtu{t ?=!^ s/f]8 * nfv @* xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] 5 .
;fj{hlgs lgdf{0fdf ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/L k/fdz{ ;]jfdf vr{ ug]{ sfo{ lgoldt b]lvPg .
16. slG6Gh]G;L vr{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] cg';"rL ! Dff lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfg
tof/ ubf{ js{ :6fkm vr{ @=% k|ltzt / ;fgfltgf cGo vr{ @=% k|ltzt ;dfj]z ug]{ Joj:yf 5 .
sfof{no ;~rfngsf] nflu rfn'vr{ zLif{sdf cnUu} ah]6 Joj:yf ePsf]df lgdf{0f sfo{sf]
slG6Gh]G;Laf6 !! sfo{qmdsf] of]hgfut nfutdf ;dfj]z u/L k|zf;lgs sfo{df ?=! s/f]8 ^ nfv
%@ xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] sfg'g;Ddt b]lvPg .
17. k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@! df lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf]
l9nfOsf] sf/0fn] vl/b ;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf] sfd tf]lsPsf] Dofbdf ;DkGg x'g g;s]df ;Demf}tf
/sdsf] !) k|ltztdf ga9\g] u/L k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ lbg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ljefun] b'O{ :df6{
zf}rfno lgdf{0f sfo{ @)&%.#.!% df ;DkGg ug]{ u/L Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=#( nfv *@ xhf/df
;Demf}tf eO{ klxnf] /lgª lansf] ?=!( nfv (! xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . lgdf{0f Joj;foLs} l9nfOsf]
sf/0f ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt ;dodf lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg gePsf] tyf Dofb yk;d]t gePsf] /
@)&%.!!.!( df :ynut cjnf]sg ubf{ :k]l;lkms];gadf]lhd sfo{ ;DkGg gePsf] / k|of]udf klg
g/x]sf]n] lgod !@! adf]lhd k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ lnO{ lgdf{0f ;DkGg u/fpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
18. pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 lgdf{0f sfo{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf $$ df pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6
sfo{ u/fpFbf ldtJolotf, u'0f:t/Lotf jf lbuf]kgf clej[l4 x'g] ePdf / kl/of]hgfsf] p2]Zo /f]huf/L
l;h{gf ug]{ ePdf pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfkm{t lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpg ;lsg] Joj:yf 5 . o:t} lgodfjnL,
@)^$ sf] lgod (& df pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] cfk"mn] kfPsf] sfd lgdf{0f Joj;foLaf6 u/fpg gx'g],
lgdf{0f sfo{df d]l;g k|of]u ug{ gx'g] / ?=! s/f]8eGbf a9Lsf] sfd pkef]Qmfaf6 u/fpg gx'g] Joj:yf
5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f b]xfoadf]lhd 5g\M
18.1. ljefu / j;'Gw/f lqk'/f 6f]n ljsf; pkef]Qmf ;ldltaLr ;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf] sfd Ps lgdf{0f
Joj;foLaf6 u/fO{ ?=$@ nfv #* xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf]n] clgoldt b]lvPsf] 5 . ;f]nf/ P08 jf6/
l6\6d]G6;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLdfkm{t u/fO{ ;s]kl5 art /sdaf6 !) bIf sfdbf/ /
@& cbIf sfdbf/ sfddf nufPsf] 8f]/ xflh/ kmf/fd ;+nUg u/L pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ ?=$ nfv $^
xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf] /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
18.2. l8lehg sfof{no df]/ªn] hL=cfO{= kfOk tyf Pd=P;= kfOknufot ;fdu|L vl/b ug{ pkef]Qmf
;ldlt;Fu ;Demf}tf u/L b'O{ cfk"t{ssf] lan ;+nUg u/L ?=$$ nfv ^$ xhf/ vr{ n]v]sf] clgoldt
b]lvG5 .
18.3. l8lehg sfof{no, tgx'Fn] 3}?ª s/+uf vf]nf vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ ljB'tLo ;fdfg
vl/b tyf h8fg ug{lbPsf] sfd Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ lhDdf lbO{ ?=$# nfv &^ xhf/ e'QmfgL
u/]sf] 5 .
18.4. l8lehg sfof{no, dx]Gb|gu/n] ?=! s/f]8 ^$ nfv !% xhf/ nfut cg'dfg ePsf] & l8k 6\o'aj]n
lgdf{0f sfo{ af]nkqåf/f u/fpFbf $#=@@ b]lv %!=$* k|ltzt;Dd 36Ldf sfo{ u/fPsf]df ;f]xL
sfof{non] ?=! s/f]8 (& nfv *^ xhf/ nfut cg'dfg ePsf] & l8k 6\o'aj]n lgdf{0fsfo{ pkef]Qmf
;ldltdfkm{t nfut cg'dfgd} ;Demf}tf u/L vr{ n]v]sf] 5 .
18.5. l8lehg sfof{no, emfkfn] :nf] :of08 lkmN6/ lgdf{0f, ;]l8d]G6];g 6\ofªsLh:tf hl6n k|fljlws kIf
;dfj]z ePsf lgdf{0f sfo{ @ pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfkm{t ?=! s/f]8 %# nfv *% xhf/df ;Demf}tf u/L
sfo{ u/]sf] b]lvof] .
18.6. If]qLo cg'udg sfo{fno, sf7df8f}Fn] s'n nfut cg'dfg ?=!) s/f]8 %^ nfv ePsf] e}dfn uf]7f6f/
9n lgdf{0f sfo{ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt;Fu $ Kofs]hdf ?=# s/f]8 %^ nfvsf] tyf s'n nfut cg'dfg
vfg]kfgL dGqfno
?=#& s/f]8 %^ nfv ePsf] sLlt{k'/ 9n lgdf{0f sfo{ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt;Fu @ Kofs]hdf ?=! s/f]8 **
nfvdf ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L ;Nofg, d':tfª, dgfª, kj{tsf vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ l8lehg
sfof{nox?n] @) cfof]hgfsf] nfut cg'dfg ?=&^ s/f]8 @# nfv ePsf]df pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfkm{t
sfd u/fO{ ?=@# s/f]8 @^ nfv vr{ u/]sf] 5 .
18.7. l8lehg sfof{no, dxf]Q/Ln] PS;fe]6/ k|of]u u/L df6f] vGg] sfo{sf]nflu ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df >ldsåf/f
sfo{ u/]sf] b]vfO{ ?=!@ nfv !^ xhf/ a9L e'QmfgL ePsf] /sd c;'n ug{'kb{5 .
hl6n k|fljlws kIf ;dfj]z ePsf] sfo{, lgdf{0f ;fdu|L vl/b tyf tf]lsPsf] ;LdfeGbf
a9Lsf] sfd pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfk{mt u/fPsf]n] lgoddf ePsf] Joj:yf kfngf gePsf] l:ylt 5 . ctM
lgoddf ePsf] Joj:yf kfngf u/L pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfk{mt sfo{ u/fpg'kb{5 .
vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO l8lehg tyf ;al8lehg sfof{no
19. a9L e'QmfgL – sfof{non] ;Demf}tfsf zt{adf]lhd lan /sd e'QmfgL ug'{kb{5 . vfg]kfgL tyf
;/;kmfO l8lehg tyf ;jl8lehg sfof{no sf7df8f},F eQmk'/, nlntk'/, ;'g;/Lnufot $%
sfof{non] lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ gkfpg] d"Noj[l4 lbPsf], gD;{eGbf a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf], bf]xf]/f] e'QmfgL
u/]sf] nufotsf sf/0fx?af6 ?=# s/f]8 # nfv gkfpg] /sd e'QmfgL u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
lgodljk/Lt e'QmfgL ePsf] /sd c;'n ug{'kb{5 .
20. nfut cg'dfg – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf % df ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] vl/b sfo{ ug{ nfut
cg'dfg :jLs[t ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ l8lehg sfof{no sf7df8f}F, dsjfgk'/, k;f{, h'Dnfnufot
!) n] 49 of]hgfsf] ?=3 ca{ 10 s/f]8 99 nfvsf] nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t gu/L ?=25 s/f]8 86
nfv vr{ u/]sf] b]lvof] . P]gadf]lhd nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t u/]/ dfq of]hgf ;~rfng tyf vr{
ug'{kb{5 .
21. of]hgfut vftf – l8lehg sfof{no, afun'ªn] Pr8LkL kfOk, hL=cfO{= kfOk tyf lkml6ª\; ;fdu|L
of]hgfdf vr{ b]vfPsf]df pQm ;fdfg k|of]u ePsf] of]hgfut lx;fa /fv]sf] 5}g . of]hgfdf vr{
b]vfPsf] ?=@ s/f]8 $# nfv %@ xhf/ d"Nosf] ljleGg @& ;fOhsf] # nfv @$ xhf/ ld6/ Pr8LkL
kfOk tyf ?=*# nfv $# xhf/ d"Nosf] hL=cfO{ kfOk tyf lkml6ª\; of]hgfut gfkL lstfadf k|lji6
gu/L Psd'i6 Ps sfo{ egL vr{ b]vfPsf] ;DaGwdf 5fglag ug'{kb{5 .
22. kfOk h8fg – ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfnosf] @)^@.!!.* sf] lg0f{odf vr{ ePsf] lgdf{0f
;fdu|L gfkL lstfadf k|dfl0ft geP;Dd vr{ dfGo gx'g] pNn]v 5 . k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ of] jif{
vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ l8lehg÷;jl8lehg sf7df8f}, df]/ª, eQmk'/, emfkf, tfKn]h'ªnufot @^
sfof{non] ?=( s/f]8 %# nfv d"Nosf] ^ nfv &^ xhf/ ld6/ ljleGg ;fOhsf] kfOk sfof{nosf]
lhG;Laf6 vr{ b]vfP tfklg of]hgfdf h8fg ePsf] k'li6 ug]{ gfkL lstfadf k|ljli6 u/]sf 5}gg\ .
lgdf{0f :yndf h8fg gu/L vr{ b]vfPsf]df 5fglag ug{'kb{5 .
23. ;dGjo – lgdf{0f sfo{ ;~rfng ubf{ ljleGg lgsfoaLr ;dGjo x'g'kb{5 . ;DalGwt lgsfoaLr
;dGjo gx'Fbf b}n]v–dxfj' ;8s v08 lj:tf/sf] qmddf l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, ;'v]{tn] ?=@% nfv
%& xhf/df ag]sf] kfOknfO{gdf Iflt k'¥ofO{ gf]S;fgL kf/]sf] b]lvG5 . To:t} c5fddf dWokxf8L
nf]sdfu{n] ?=^ nfv !( xhf/ a/fa/sf] kfOk nfOg Iflt k'¥ofPsf] 5 . lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ug'{ cufj}
;DalGwt lgsfoaLr ;dGjo sfod u/L Iflt gx'g] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
24. kfOk ;fk6L – l8lehg sfo{fno, sfe|]n] Ps of]hgfsf] nflu vl/b ePsf] ?=!% nfv $ xhf/sf] @%
xhf/ ld6/ kfOk cGo of]hgfdf ;fk6L lbPsf]df ;fk6L uPsf] of]hgfsf] gfd pNn]v gu/L vr{
b]vfPsfn] 5fglag u/L lkmtf{ ug'{kb{5 .
25. ;|f]t ;'lglZrttf – cy{dGqfnosf] @)&$.&% sf] ah]6 sfof{Gjog;DaGwL dfu{bz{gdf ;|f]tsf]
;'lglZrttf ug'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . l8lehg sfof{no, sfe|]n] ;|f]t ;'lglZrt gu/L bL3{sfnLg bfloTj

vfg]kfgL dGqfno
l;h{gf x'g] u/L ?=!$ s/f]8 #@ nfv ^) xhf/sf] ;Demf}tf u/L rf}/L9fsf8fF8f / ltdfn vfg]kfgL
of]hgfsf lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ df]lanfOh];g k]:sL e'QmfgL lbPsf] lgod;Ddt b]lvPg .
t];|f] ;fgf zx/L vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ sfo{qmd
;fgf tyf zx/f]Gd'v If]qdf pkef]Qmf ;d'bfo / gu/ ljsf; sf]if;d]tsf] of]ubfgdf vfg]kfgL tyf
;/;kmfO{;DaGwL sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/, Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}Í, cf]k]s km08, :oflg6];g
kmfOgflG;ª kf6{g/;Lk 6«i6 km08 / :yfgLo lgsfo ;d]tsf] cd]l/sL 8n/ !) s/f]8 () nfv ;|f]tdf
@)&&.(.!^ ;Dd cjlw /xg] u/L cfof]hgf ;~rfng ePsf] 5 . klxnf] r/0fdf !@ / bf];f| ] r/0fdf !$ ;d]t
@^ zx/df cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug]{] pNn]v /x]sf]df of] jif{;Dd @) cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf] r/0fdf 5g\ . pQm
sfo{qmddf of] jif{;Dd ?=$ ca{ *) s/f]8 *@ nfv ^! xhf/ vr{ ePsf] 5 .
26. Dofb yk – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@) df vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb yk;DaGwL
Joj:yf 5 . cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg sfof{noaf6 ;~rflnt #! dWo] @# of]hgfdf Dofbyk ePsf] 5 .
h;dWo] * cfof]hgfdf %) k|ltzt;Dd, % df !)) k|ltzt;Dd / !) df !)) k|ltzteGbf a9L
cjlwsf] Dofb yk ePsf] 5 . Dofb ;dfKt x'g'eGbf & lbg cufl8 g} Dofb yksf] nflu lgj]bg k|fKt
x'g'kg]{df $ b]lv !@$ lbg;Dd l9nf u/L k|fKt x'g cfPsf lgj]bgsf] cfwf/df Dofb yk u/sf] 5 .
;Demf}tf /sd ?=! ca{ %( s/f]8 !( nfv /x]sf] 5fkgfxfn, lgd{nkf]v/L, tD;l/of, jL/]Gb|gu/,
cfFa'v}/]gL, lkmSsn, sf]xnk'/, jL/]Gb|gu/, v}/]gL6f/;d]t ( cfof]hgfsf] Dofb @)&$ >fj0fb]lv @)&%
cflZjgleq ;dfKt ePsf]df lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg gePsf]n] lgod !@! adf]lhd k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{
c;'n u/L lgdf{0f ;DkGg ug{' u/fpg'kb{5 .
27. sfo{;Dkfbg hdfgt – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !!) pklgod -$_ df
sfo{;Dkfbg hdfgtsf] dfGo cjlw clGtd cjlw / q'l6 ;Rofpg] bfloTjsf] cjlweGbf sDtLdf Ps
dlxgf a9L cjlwsf] x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg sfof{noaf6 ;~rflnt * of]hgfsf] ?=!
ca{ %@ s/f]8 %@ nfv @@ xhf/sf] ;Demf}tf / Dofbyk ubf{ lgodfjnLsf] pQm k|fjwfgadf]lhd
sfo{;Dkfbg hdfgtsf] dfGo cjlw yk ug'{kg]{df Psb]lv cf7 dlxgf;Dd 36L cjlwsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg
hdfgtsf] cfwf/df ;Demf}tf / Dofbyk u/]sf] b]lvof] .
o;}u/L bf];|f] ;fgf zx/L vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ of]hgf, afUfn'ªsf] Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu
?=@! s/f]8 #! nfv !^ xhf/df ;Demf}tf ubf{ / Dofbyk ubf{ sl/a % jif{ 36L cjlw sfod /x]sf]
sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgtsf] cfwf/df ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb yk u/]sf]n] lgdf{0f sfo{df hf]lvd b]lvPsf] 5 .
28. gfkLeGbf a9L e'QmfgL – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfanL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@# -!_ v df k|fljlws gfk
hfFr u/L gfkL lstfadf pNn]v ePsf] jf:tljs sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] cfwf/df e'QmfgL lbg''kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg sfof{non] !& of]hgfsf] gfkL lstfadf k|ljli6 gePsf] !)) cfO6ddf /lgª
tyf clGtd lansf] ?=$ s/f]8 *% nfv *! xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L c;'n
ug'{kb{5 .
bf];|f] ;fgf zx/L vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ sfo{qmd
g]kfn ;/sf/ / Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}ÍaLr @)^^.*.!@ df cg'bfg ;xfotf ;Demf}tf eO{ z'? ePsf]
cfof]hgfsf] sfo{ cjlw @)&$.(.!^ ;Dd /x]sf] 5 . Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}Ísf] cg'bfg ;xfotfcGtu{t cd]l/sL
8n/ $ s/f]8 %! nfv dWo] ! s/f]8 &) nfv g]kfn ;/sf/n] gu/ ljsf; sf]ifnfO{ ;xfos C0f ;Demf}tf
u/L pknAw u/fpg] / To; C0faf6 gu/ ljsf; sf]ifn] :yfgLo pkef]Qmf ;+:yfnfO{ cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf] nflu
C0f k|jfx ug{] u/L ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 .
29. cw'/f of]hgf – cfof]hgfsf] clen]vcg';f/ q'l6 ;Rrfpg] cjlw / cg'udg d"NofÍgsf] r/0fdf /x]sf
lgDg of]hgfsf] n]vfk/LIf0fsf] qmddf cjnf]sg ubf{ gf/fo0f gu/ vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfsf] ef}lts k|ult
(%=^# k|ltzt dfq ePsf], b'xaL vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf ;'g;/Ldf & l8k af]l/ªdWo] $ dfq ;~rfngdf
/x]sf], vfFbaf/L gu/vfg]kfgL cfof]hgsf] u|ofle6L ˆnf] / lnˆ6 k|0ffnLdf ;d:of b]lvPsf]n] lgdf{0f

vfg]kfgL dGqfno
sfo{ cw'/f] /x]sf], lkmlbd gu/ of]hgsf] sfo{ :jLsf/ k|ltj]bg tof/ gePsf]n] cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg
sfo{fnon] oyfy{ clen]v /fv]sf] b]lvPg . xfn cfof]hgfsf] cjlw ;dfKt e};s]sf] x'Fbf
;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ / dd{t ;Def/ u/fO{ of]hgf ;~rfng ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
-?= xhf/df_
xfn ;Ddsf] vr{
;Demf}tf sfo{;DkGg ug{'kg]{
l;=g+= of]hgfsf] gfd -d"No ;dfof]hg ;Demf}tf ldlt s}lkmot
/sd ldlt
;d]t_
1. lkmlbd gu/ vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf 177928 192433 2069/3/17 2071/9/13 q'l6 ;Rrfpg] cjlw
2. vfFbaf/L gu/ vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf 434587 464063 14 h'nfO{ 2013 31 l8;]Da/ 2016 cg'udg d"NofÍg r/0f
3. b'xjL gu/ vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf 159905 142263 14 h'nfO{ 2013 31 hgj/L 2015 q'l6 ;Rrfpg] cjlw
4.gf/fo0f gu/ vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf 277285 297678 14 h'nfO{ 2013 28 km]a|f]j/L 2017 cg'udg d"NofÍg r/0f
30. ;~rfng / dd{t vr{ – bf];|f] ;fgf zx/L vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgf, afUfn'ªn] Ps lgdf{0f
Joj;foL;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tfdf l;len js{sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePkl5 Ps jif{ ;~rfng tyf
dd{tsf] ;do sfod /xg], ;f] cjlwsf] ;~rfng / dd{t nfut ?=%$ nfv (@ xhf/ x'g] / ;~rfng
tyf dd{tsf] cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 q'l6 ;Rofpg] cjlw &#) lbgsf] x'g] pNn]v 5 . pQm ;Demf}tfsf]
l;len js{ lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ xfn;Dd klg ;DkGg gePsf] cj:yfdf of]hgfsf] ;~rfng / dd{t sfo{sf]
;a} e'QmfgL ul/;s]sf]n] ;DalGwt kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ c;'n ug{'kb{5 .
31. yk Jooef/ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# adf]lhd vl/b ;Demf}tf ug]{sf] l9nfOsf sf/0f sfd
;DkGg gePdf / lglZrt ah]6sf] cfwf/df vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf]df d"No ;dfof]hg ug{ g;lsg]
Joj:yf 5 . d's'Gbk'/, Jof; / /fdk'/ gu/ cfof]hgfsf] Ps k/fdz{bftfsf] sfo{ ;DkGg ug{] cjlw
@)&@.*.@* ;Dd /x]sf]df yk cfly{s bfloTj l;h{gf gx'g] u/L @)&$ h]i7;Dd Dofb yksf] lg0f{o
ePsf]df k'gM yk u/L ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb @)&$.(.!^ ;Dd sfod ePsf] 5 . lghnfO{ xfn;Dd ?=#
s/f]8 *@ nfv &) xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] dWo] yk cfly{s bfloTj ga9\g] u/L Dofb yksf] lg0f{o
u/]kl5 ?=$* nfv %^ xhf/ d"No ;dfof]hg e'QmfgL lbPsf] ;DaGwdf 5fglag x'g'kb{5 .
;+ul7t ;+:yf ;ldlt
d]nDrL vfg]kfgL ljsf; ;ldlt
sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf] vfg]kfgLsf] cefjnfO{ bL3{sfnLg ?kdf ;dfwfg ug{ :jR5 vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{sf]
Joj:yf ug]{ / sf7df8f}F, d]nDrL tyf d08g pkTosfsf afl;Gbfx?sf] hg:jf:Yo / hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg]
p2]Zon] l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfsf] d]nDrL vf]nfdf x]8jS;{ lgdf{0f u/L ;'Gb/Lhn;Dd @&=% ls=ld= nfdf] ;'?ªsf]
dfWodaf6 !& s/f]8 / bf];|f] r/0fdf ofªu|L / nfs]{ vf]nfaf6 !&÷!& s/f]8 ln6/ u/L b}lgs %! s/f]8 ln6/
kfgL sf7df8f}Fdf Nofpg] nIosf ;fy of] cfof]hgf @)%%.%^ b]lv ;~rfngdf /x]sf] 5 . cfof]hgfdf xfn;Dd
?=@% ca{ @) s/f]8 vr{ eO{ x]8jS;{ tyf ;'?ª lgdf{0f sfo{df () / ;du|df (^ k|ltzt ef}lts k|ult ePsf]
5.
32. k|ult l:ylt – cfof]hgfaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ x]8jS;{ lgdf{0ftkm{ Ps nfv 3gld6/ cf]kgs6 sfo{
tyf Pp6f u]6 h8fg ePsf], ;'?ª lgdf{0f tkm{ @&=%* lsnf]ld6/ ;'?ª vGg] tyf k|f/lDes ;kf]6{
u/fpg] sfo{, @%=% lsnf]ld6/ e'O{ 9nfg tyf /s ;kf]6{ sfo{, & u]6 ;KnfO{ tyf @ cf+lzs h8fg
sfo{, Ps e]G6 ;fˆ6sf] !)& ld6/ l8«lnª tyf $% ld6/ l/ldª\ sfo{, ;'Gb/Lhn cfp6n]6 kf]6{naf6
jfUdtL gbL;Dd jf;cfp6 kfOknfOg h8fg, kfgL k|zf]wg s]Gb|tkm{ * s/f]8 %) nfv ln6/ k|ltlbg
k|zf]wg Ifdtfsf] kfgL k|zf]wg s]Gb| lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf], Yfk * s/f]8 %) nfv ln6/ k|ltlbg
k|zf]wg Ifdtfsf] kfgL k|zf]wg s]Gb|sf] ^% k|ltzt lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
x]8 jS;{ lgdf{0ftkm{ :yfO{ OG6]s lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? gePsf], skm/ 8\ofd, 8fOeh{g j]o/,
l8l;lN6ª a]l;g, k'n / k|f]6]S;g tyf gbL lgoGq0f sfo{ tyf @# u]6dWo] @@ u]6 h8fg ug{ afFsL
/x]sf] 5 . ;'?ª lgdf{0ftkm{ e'OF 9nfg (%( ld6/ tyf /s ;kf]6{ $!) ld6/, /]lS6lkms];g tyf /s
8a]n /fVg] sfo{ / & u]6dWo] % u]6 h8fg ug{] sfo{ ug{ afFsL /x]sf] 5 . To:t} Ps e]G6 ;fˆ6sf] ^^
vfg]kfgL dGqfno
ld6/ l/ldª tyf @ e]G6 ;fˆ6sf] l8«n tyf h8fg ug{, cg'udg ;+oGq h8fg\ tyf kfOk lkml6ª\;
h8fg\ ug]{ sfo{ afFsL /x]sf] 5 .
x]8 jS;{ tyf ;'?ª lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ ug{ afFsL /x]sf]n] of]hgf ;DkGg x'g] cjlw nlDaPsf] 5 .
ctM afFsL sfd ;DkGg ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
33. 7]Ssf cGTo – cfof]hgfsf] x]8jS;{ tyf ;'?ª lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ Ps lgdf{0f Joo;foL;Fu @)^%.!!.&
df ePsf] ;Demf}tfdf pQm sfo{ ! xhf/ %() lbg;Dddf ;DkGg ug]{ pNn]v ePsf]df
sfo{tflnsfcg';f/ sfd gu/]sf]n] @)^(.^.( df 7]Ssf cGTo u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm cjlwdf ! xhf/
#*) ld6/ cl86 6g]n, @( ld6/ cDafyfg ˆnl;ª 6g]n, @( ld6/ x]8 js{; PS;]; 6g]n / $ xhf/
(*) ld6/ d'Vo ;'?ª u/L hDdf ^ xhf/ $$$ ld6/ ;'?ª lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .
tTkZrft x]8jS;{ tyf afFsL ;'?ª lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu cGt/f{li6«o af]nkqsf] dfWodaf6 ?=&
ca{ &@ s/f]8 #$ nfv &! xhf/ -k|f]lehgn ;d / slG6Gh]G;L;d]t_ df Ps O6flnog lgdf{0f
Joj;foL;Fu @)&).#.#! -h'nfO{ !% @)!#_ df ! xhf/ (% lbgleq sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{u/L 7]Ssf
;Demf}tf ePsf]df d"No ;dfof]hg, bfaL, e]l/P;g, k]:sL cflb;d]t ?=* ca{ # s/f]8 e'QmfgL ePkl5
lghn] ;d]t ;dodf lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ g;ls xfn 7]Ssf tf]8]sf] cj:yf 5 . 7]Ssf tf]8]kl5
afFsL sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ ;DaGwdf j}slNks Joj:yf u/]sf] b]lvPg .
34. yk Jooef/ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g,@)^# sf] bkmf %$-!_ df vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] avt k"jf{g'dfg ug{
g;lsPsf] kl/l:ylt ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf l;h{gf ePdf ;f]sf] :ki6 sf/0f v'nfO{ clwsf/
k|fKt clwsf/Ln] tf]lsPsf] sfo{ljlw ckgfO{ e]l/P;g cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . cfof]hgfn]
x]8jS;{ lgdf{0f ug{ ?=^@ s/f]8 *& nfv @! xhf/df ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df ;'?ª lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg xF'bf
;d]t d'xfgb]lv OG6]s;Dd kfgL NofpFg g;Sg] cj:yf b]vfO{ ?=% s/f]8 ** nfv %$ xhf/ nfutdf
j}slNks kfOk 8fOe;{g lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu !@ cf}+ e]l/P;g :jLs[t ePsf]n] ;Demf}tfdf :ki6
pNn]v ePsf] x]8jS;{ lgdf{0f sfo{ ;dodf ;DkGg gu/]sf] sf/0f yk Jooef/ k/]sf] 5 .
35. a9L e'QmfgL – k/fdz{bftfnfO{ ;Demf}tfsf] zt{adf]lhd e'QmfgL ug{'kb{5 . k/fdz{bftf tyf d]nDrL
vfg]kfgL ljsf; ;ldltsf OlGhlgo/ tyf kbflwsf/Ln] $! cf}+ lan tof/ ubf{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{
$) cf}F lan;Dddf ljleGg cfO6ddf a9L e'QmfgL ePsf] ?=%# s/f]8 $* nfv (^ xhf/ lkmtf{ k|fKt
ug{'kg]{ lx;fa u/L cGtl/d e'QmfgL lan tof/ u/]sf] 5 . t/ pQm lan cg';f/sf] /sd lkmtf{ gu/L
csf]{ $! cf}+ lan tof/ u/L e'QmfgL lbPsf] kfOof] . z'? $! cf}+ lan cg';f/sf] /sd lkmtf{ k|fKt
x'g'kb{5 .
cfof]hgfn] lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu u/]sf] ;Demf}tfadf]lhd hg/n cfO{6d P08 lk|lnldg/Lhdf
?=^) s/f]8 %# nfv () xhf/;Dd vr{ ug{ kfpg] zt{ ePsf]df $) cf}+ /lgª lan;Dddf kxF'r
;8s, ;jf/L dd{t, 8«fOe/, >lds Hofnfnufotsf !# sDkf]g]G6df k|f]lehg u/]sf] eGbf ?=^ s/f]8 $
nfv ^( xhf/ a9L vr{ ePsf]] b]lvPsf]n] ;DalGwt kbflwsf/L tyf k/fdz{bftfnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{
pQm /sd c;'n ug{'kb{5 .
36. cltl/Qm k]:sL – ;ldlt / lgdf{0f Joj;foLjLr ePsf] ;Demf}tfdf :yfgLo / j}b]lzs d'b|fsf]] e'QmfgL
cg'kft @*=!) / &!=() k|ltzt x'g] pNn]v u/]sf]df 8n/ vftfdfkm{t ljb]z k7fpg] /sd pNn]v
gePsf] x'Fbf e'QmfgL vr{dWo] &!=() k|ltzt /sd O6fnL k7fPsf] sf/0f gub k|jfxdf ;d:of /x]sf]
kfOof] . ;ldltn] @)&).&! df g} ;Demf}tfsf] zt{cg';f/ df]lanfOh];g k]:sL ?=!% s/f]8 $^ nfv
($ xhf/ / ut jif{;Dd k6s k6s u/L ?= %( s/f]8 !# nfv ^) xhf/ cltl/Qm k]:sL lbPsf] 5 .
o; jif{ yk ljQLo ;xhLs/0fsf] nflu lgzt{ a}Í hdfgt /fvL #(cf}F lanaf6 ?=!) s/f]8 / $! cf}+
lanaf6 ?=! s/f]8 #^ nfv (% xhf/ yk k]:sL e'QmfgL u/]sf] b]lvof] . ;ldltn] lbPsf]
lanadf]lhdsf] /sdaf6 g]kfndf ePsf] vr{ / g]kfn aflx/ uPsf] dWo] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu k'gM
g]kfn lkmtf{ ePsf] /sd ljZn]if0f u/]sf] b]lvFb}g . lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] ;fO6df tyf lgdf{0f sfo{df
nfUg] /sd g/fvL &!=() k|ltzt /sd O6fnL k7fpg] u/]af6 gub k|jfxdf ;d:of eO{ cltl/Qm

vfg]kfgL dGqfno
e'QmfgL ug{' k/]sf] b]lvFbf ;Demf}tfg} q'l6k"0f{ b]lvof] . lgdf{0f sfo{sf] gfkhfFr a]u/ e'QmfgL lbPsf]
cltl/Qm k]:sL /sd Aofh;d]t c;'n ug{'kb{5 .
37. d"No ;dfof]hg – lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tfsf] a'Fbf g+=!#=* df lgdf{0f sfo{df k|of]u x'g]
>lds Hofnf, ;fdu|L, pks/0f nufotdf d"No;"rLsf cfwf/df d"No ;dfof]hg ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf
/x]sf] 5 . ;ldltn] lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ $)cf}F lan;Dd g]kfnL d'b|fsf] e'QmfgLdf ?=$) s/f]8 %^
nfv ^^ xhf/ / ljb]zL d'b|fsf] e'QmfgLdf ?=* s/f]8 && nfv @^ xhf/;d]t ?=$( s/f]8 ## nfv
(@ xhf/ d"No ;dfof]hg e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . pQm d"No ;dfof]hg lan ckm SjflG66Lsf cfO6dx?sf
cltl/Qm e]l/P;g, Ifltk"lt{ bfaL e'QmfgL, 8] jS;{ / k|f]lehgn ;ddf ;d]t lbPsf] 5 . Pp6} sf/0f
hgfO{ k6s k6s Dofb yk ug]{ u/]sf] / kof{Kt k'i6\ofOFa]u/ Dofb yk ubf{ ;d]t d"No ;dfof]hg lbg]
u/]sf] / cltl/Qm nfut bfaL u/]sf] /sddf k/fdz{bftfn] d"No ;dfof]hg lbg] ;DaGwdf s'g} Joxf]/f
pNn]v gu/]sf] cj:yfdf ;d]t d"No ;dfof]hg lbPsf] 5 . d"No ;dfof]hg lbg'kg]{ tYo k|dfl0ft gu/L
d"No ;dfof]hg lbg] sfo{ plrt b]lvPg .
lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ e]l/P;gsf] /sd k|f]lehgn ?kdf e'QmfgL ePsf] / e'QmfgLsf] nflu k];
ePsf lan k/LIf0f ubf{ gofF b//]6sf] ljZn]if0f k]; gePsf] cj:yfdf ;d]t d"No ;dfof]hg lbPsf]
sfg'g;Ddt 5}g . lgdf{0f Joj;foLs} l9nfOsf] sf/0fn] k6s k6s Dofb yk ePsf] b]lvFbf ut
jif{;Dd e'QmfgL ePsf] ?=#& s/f]8 #& nfv *! xhf/ / o; jif{ e'QmfgL ePsf] ?=!! s/f]8 *^ nfv
!! xhf/ d"No ;dfof]hg e'QmfgLsf] ;DaGwdf 5fglag x'g'kb{5 .
38. 8] jS;{ e'QmfgL – lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tfsf] bkmf !#=( df ;fgfltgf jf ckem{6 Pj+
cfsl:ds k|s[ltsf sfdsf] nflu 8] jS;{ a]l;;df sfd ug{ ;Sg] k|fjwfg 5 . ;f] k|fjwfgcg';f/
lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] k/fdz{bftf;dIf sf]6];g / ;fdu|Lsf] e'QmfgL k|fKt ug{ aLhs, ef}r/, bflvnf tyf
;f]sf] n]vf / oGq pks/0fsf] e'QmfgL k|fKt ug{ pks/0fsf] k|sf/ / sfddf nufPsf] cjlw v'Ng]
k|df0f /fVg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;ldltn] 8] jS;{cGtu{tsf sfo{df xfn;Dd ?=!$ s/f]8 @) nfv !^
xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . 8] jS;{df u/]sf] sfo{sf] sf]6]zg / ;f] sfd ug{ lbPsf] :jLs[lt, HofdL
sfdbf/nufotsf] k|dfl0ft xflh/L, d]l;g pks/0f ;~rfng nul;6, ;fdu|L vl/b tyf k|flKtsf] lan
e/kfO{ cflb k]; gePsf]n] ljgf k|df0f vr{ n]v]sf] ;DaGwdf 5fglag x'g'kb{5 .
39. kfgL k|zf]wg s]Gb| k|yd – hfkfg ;/sf/sf] C0f ;xfotfaf6 lgdf{0f ul/g]] ;'Gb/Lhnl:yt kfgL
k|zf]wg s]Gb|sf] lj:t[t l8hfOg tyf af]nkq sfuhft tof/L / lgdf{0f sfo{sf] ;'k/lehg ug{ Ps
k/fdz{bftf;Fu & km]a|'c/L @))@ df hfkfgLh o]g $) s/f]8 &^ nfv ^( xhf/ / ?=* s/f]8 *!
nfv # xhf/ -s'n %% s/f]8 o]g_ sf] ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . pQm ;Demf}tfdf & k6s;Dd e]l/P;g u/L
;Demf}tf /sd hfkfgLh o]g ! ca{ !& s/f]8 #) nfv @( xhf/ -z'? ;Demf}tf /sd eGbf ?=^@
s/f]8 #) nfv @( xhf/ cyf{t\ !!#=@& k|ltztn] a9L_ sfod ePsf] 5 . ;dodf lgdf{0fsfo{ ;DkGg
gx'Fbf k/fdz{bftfsf] cjlw -Dofg dGy_ df :jtM j[l4 x'g] b]lvG5 . t;y{ ;dodf lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg
ug]{ u/fpg] u/L k/fdz{bftfaf6 sfo{ ePsf] ;d]t k|i6 gb]lvPsf]n] k/fdz{bftfsf] ;d]t k6s k6s
e]l/P;g eO{ a9L Jooef/ k/]sf] ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfof]hgfsf kbflwsf/L tyf
k/fdz{bftfnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
40. Dofb yk – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@) df dgfl;a sf/0f b]lvPdf ^ dlxgf
;Ddsf] cjlw af]nkq :jLs[t ug{] clwsf/Ln] / ;f]eGbf a9L cjlw ljefuLo k|d'vn] yk ug{ ;Sg]
Joj:yf 5 . kfgL k|zf]wg s]Gb| k|ydsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ?=$ ca{ @) s/f]8 $^ nfvdf ;DkGg ug]{ u/L
@@ dfr{, @)!^ ;Dd cjlw tf]lsPsf]df rf}yf] k6s;Dd %)* lbg Dofb yk ePsf]df sfo{ ;DkGg
ePsf] 5}g . lgdf{0f sfo{ x'g ;Sg] e/kbf]{ cfwf/ a]u/ 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf u/]sf] / k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{
glng] u/L k6s k6s Dofb yk u/]sf] sf/0f Dofb ykkl5 ;d]t d"No ;dfof]hg /sd e'QmfgL eO{
lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nfut j[l4 ePsf] 5 .
41. k|f]lehgn ;d – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #^-#_ / lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ePsf]
;Demf}tfdf k|f]lehgn ;daf6 vr{ ubf{ /Ltk"j{ssf] lan k]; ePkl5 !% k|ltzt yk u/L e'QmfgL lbg]
pNn]v 5 . cfof]hgfn] Ps lgdf{0f ;]jfnfO{ k|flehgn ;daf6 lan e/kfO{ a]u/ ?=(# nfv &% xhf/
vfg]kfgL dGqfno
e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . ;Demf}tfsf] zt{cg';f/ lan ekf{O k]; gePsf] / ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt sfd ePsf]
;d]t b]lvPg . o;/L ;Demf}tf ljk/Lt e'QmfgL ePsf] hfkflgh o]g %^ nfv *# xhf/ / ?= #@ nfv
*^ xhf/ c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog lgb]{zgfno
d]nDrL vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfsf] ljt/0f k|0ffnLnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ of] cfof]hgf @)^%.^^ af6 z'? eO{
@)&#.&$ df ;DkGg ug]{ u/L ?=#* ca{ *# s/f]8 &^ nfvsf] C0f ;Demf}tf ePsf]df ut jif{;Dd ?=!$ ca{
&( s/f]8 *) nfv / of] jif{sf] ?=$ ca{ ^) s/f]8 #& nfv;d]t hDdf ?=!( ca{ $) s/f]8 !& nfv vr{
ePsf] 5 .
42. k|ult l:ylt – ;du| ljt/0f k|0ffnL lj:tf/cGtu{t d'Vo kfOknfOg lj:tf/ tyf l/hEjf{o/ kfgL
6+sLsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ /x]sf] 5 eg] ljt/0f ;~hfn ;'wf/ sfo{qmdcGtu{t ;xfos kfOknfOg /
xfp;xf]N8 sg]S;gsf] sfo{ /x]sf] 5 . k|fKt k|ult ljj/0fcg';f/ @)&% cfiff9 d;fGt;Ddsf] ef}lts
k|ult l:ylt lgDgfg';f/ 5M
d'Vo sfo{ Kofs]h ;+Vof d'Vo sfo{ OsfO{ ;Demf}tf ;DkGg k|ult k|ltzt
yf]s ljt/0f k|0ffnL lj:tf/ 4 kfOknfOgsf] sfo{ ls=ld= 79.8 70.7 88.62
kfgL 6\of+sL lgdf{0f ;+Vof 9 9 100
;8s k'g:yf{kgf ls=ld= 43.2 27.1 62.73
ljt/0f ;~hfn ;'wf/ 5 kfOknfOgsf] sfo{ ls=ld= 1002 733 73.15
xfp;xf]N8 sg]S;g ;+Vof 69937 54898 78.5
;8s k'g:yfkgf ls=ld= 911 624 68.5
vfg]kfgL kfOk la5\ofpg], l8k 6\o'aj]n, ;8s k'g:yf{kgf, 9n lj:tf/ tyf kmf]xf]/ kfgL
k|zf]wg ;+/rgf lgdf{0fsf] nflu cfof]hgfn] Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}Í;Fu $ C0f ;Demf}tfcGtu{t @))(
b]lv @)!& ;Dd ?=@( ca{ (@ s/f]8 !& nfvsf] @% 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ePsf]df o; jif{;Dd ?=!& ca{
^% s/f]8 &@ nfv vr{ ePsf] 5 . z'?sf] C0f ;Demf}tfcg';f/ 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ePsf] * 7]SsfdWo] !
sf] *% k|ltzt / afFsL & sf] (@ b]lv (( k|ltzt;Dd ef}lts k|ult /x]sf] 5 . lgdf{0f tyf h8fg
;DkGg ePsf] kfOkdf kfgLsf] k/LIf0f ug{ afFsL /x]sfn] tL 7]Ssfx? xfn;Dd km/kmf/s gePsf] /
;a} 7]Ssfsf] Dofb ;dfKt eO;s]sf] 5 . afFsL !& 7]Ssf ;Demf}tfdWo] yf]s ljt/0f k|0ffnLcGtu{t $
7]Ssf ;Demf}tfsf] cjlw !@% b]lv @!& k|ltzt;Dd ;dfKt eP klg k|ult ^# b]lv () k|ltzt;Dd
/x]sf] 5 . ljt/0f ;~hfntkm{sf] ^ 7]Ssfdf *# blv !(^ k|ltzt;Dd cjlw ;lsPklg k|ult eg] !(
b]lv *( k|ltzt;Dd /x]sf] 5 . 7]Ssfdf ;Demf}tf / sfo{tflnsfcg';f/ sfo{ k|ult geP klg
cfof]hgfn] Dofb yk u/]sf] / kl5Nnf] OG8]S;cg';f/ d"No ;dfof]hg e'QmfgL u/]sf]n] yk Jooef/ k/]sf]
5.
43. 9n k|zf]wg s]Gb| lgdf{0f – u'x\o]Zj/L, ;Nnf3f/L, sf]8s' / wf]aL3f6df k'/fgf] ! sf] cfw'lgsLs/0f
;lxt ^ kmf]xf]/ kfgL k|zf]wg s]Gb| lgdf{0fsf] nflu # Kofs]h agfO{ ut jif{ @ / o; jif{ ! 7]Ssf
;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . pQm # Kofs]hsf] s'n nfut cg'dfg ?=( ca{ %( s/f]8 $$ nfv /x]sf]df ?=&
ca{ $& s/f]8 @ nfvdf ;Demf}tf ePsf]df u'Xo]Zj/Lsf] k|zf]wg s]Gb| lgdf{0f -Kofs]h !_ df ?=%%
s/f]8 # nfv vr{ ePsf] / cGo @ Kofs]hdf k]:sL dfq lbPsf] 5 . k|zf]wg s]Gb| lgdf{0f ;DaGwdf
b]lvPsf] Joxf]/f b]xfocg';f/ 5g\M
43.1. u'Xo]Zj/Ldf k|ltlbg !=^@ s/f]8 ln6/ k|zf]wg Ifdtf ePsf] kmf]xf]/kfgL k|zf]wg s]Gb|sf] k'g:yf{kgf /
Tolts} Ifdtf ePsf] gofF ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug{ ?=@ ca{ #$ s/f]8 *& nfvsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/L
af]nkq dfu u/]sf]df ?=@ ca{ %% s/f]8 *# nfv -*=(@ k|ltzt a9L_ df @ jif{leq lgdf{0f sfo{
;DkGg ug]{ / !) jif{ ;~rfng tyf dd{t ;Def/ u/]kl5 x:tfGt/0f x'g] u/L Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu
@)&#.$.!& df ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . k/fdz{bftfn] k]; u/]sf] nfut cg'dfgdf cfO6dut b//]6 pNn]v
ePsf]df af]nkq dfu ubf{ l;len sfo{ !, d]l;g/L pks/0f sfo{ ! cflb pNn]v u/L ;f]xL cfwf/df
7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . k/fdz{bftfn] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ d]l;g/L, pks/0f, ljB'tLo

vfg]kfgL dGqfno
;fdfgsf] b//]6 blIf0f sf]l/of, rLg / ef/tsf sDkgLaf6 sf]6]zg lnO{ b//]6 sfod u/]sf] 5 . pQm
vl/b sfo{ sfg'gcg'?k ePsf] b]lvPg .
43.2. lgdf{0f tyf ;'wf/ sfo{sf] ;e]{, lj:t[t 8«Oª, l8hfOg, lal8ª 8s'd]G6 tof/ ug{ / lgdf{0f sfo{sf]
;'k/lehg ug{ %$ dlxgf cjlw /xg] u/L Ps k/fdz{bftf;Fu cd]l/sL 8n/ !( nfv (* xhf/ /
g]=?= !^ s/f]8 #& nfv $) xhf/df @! k]ma'|c/L, @)!$ df ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . ;Demf}tfdf
kmf]xf]/kfgL k|zf]wg s]Gb| lgdf{0f sfo{ # Kofs]hsf] l8hfOg nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug{ ?=@) s/f]8 &@
nfv @ xhf/ Joj:yf u/]sf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{sf] nflu # lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu cd]l/sL 8n/ #% nfv
-?=#% s/f]8 ( nfv ^) xhf/_ df ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . Kofs]h ! sf] lgdf{0f sfo{df l8hfOgsf] nflu
?=$ s/f]8 * nfv %) xhf/ nfut cg'dfg ePsf]df af]nkqbftfn] cd]l/sL 8n/ @% nfv k];
u/]sf]n] ;f]xLcg';f/ ;Demf}tf eO{ o; jif{;Dd cd]l/sL 8n/ @$ nfv *) xhf/ e'QmfgL e};s]sf] 5 .
C0f ;Demf}tf / k/fdz{bftf;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tfcg';f/ pQm sfo{x?sf] lj:t[t 8«Oª, l8hfOg
k/fdz{bftfn] tof/ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ePsf]df lgdf{0f sfo{sf] lacf]So"df /fvL vr{ ug'{ ;Demf}tfljk/Lt
x'gfsf] ;fy} a9L Jooef/ kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 . o;/L ;Demf}tf ljk/Lt k/fdz{bftfn] ug'{kg]{ sfo{ lgdf{0f
sfo{df ;dfj]z u/L ;Demf}tf u/]sf] ;DaGwdf k/fdz{bftf ;d]tnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfOg'kb{5 .
44. ;8s k'g:yf{kgf sfo{ – cfof]hgfn] vfg]kfgL kfOk la5\ofpg] sfo{sf] nflu ePsf] vl/b ;Demf}tfdf
;8s k'g:yf{kgf sfo{ ;d]t ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 . ;8s k'g:yf{kgfsf] sfo{ yf]s ljt/0f k|0ffnLcGtu{t
;Demf}tf ePsf 7]Ssfx?df ;f]xL lgdf{0f Joj;foLx?af6 e}/x]sf]df # Kofs]hsf 7]Ssfaf6 !!!=@
ls=ld= ;8s lkr ug]{ cfO6d x6fO{ cfof]hgfaf6} 5'§} 7]Ssf nufPsf] 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm ljt/0f
;~hfn ;'wf/cGtu{tsf # 7]Ssf Kofs]hsf] ^$=^@$ ls=ld= / yf]s ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] # Kofs]hsf
#*=@*# ls=ld=;8s lkr ug{ ;8s ljefunfO{ ?=*% s/f]8 lbg] u/L @)&#.#.^ df ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 .
;8s k'g:yfkgf ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
44.1. cfof]hgfn] !!@=@ ls=ld= ;8sdf $ nfv !# xhf/ ju{ld6/ If]qkmndf ;8s lkr ug{ 5'§} 7]Ssf
;Demf}tf u/]sf]df pQm ;Demf}tfdf cGo lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] sfd ul//x]sf] :yfgsf] sfd ;d]t ;dfj]z
u/]sf] 5 . kfOk la5\ofPkl5 lkmlnª u/L ;aa]z / a]zsf]z{;Ddsf] sfo{ ;flass} lgdf{0f Joj;foLaf6
eO/x]sf]df cfof]hgfn] $ nfv !# xhf/ If]qkmndf sDKofS;gsf] sfo{ k|lt ju{ld6/ ?=()÷— sf b/n]
?=# s/f]8 &! nfv &) xhf/df ug]{u/L ;Demf}tf u/]sf]n] bf]xf]/f] vr{ x'g] b]lvPsf] 5 . bf]xf]/f] e'QmfgL
gx'g] cfwf/ k]; ug'{kb{5 .
44.2. cfof]hgf lgb]{zgfno / ;8s ljefuaLr ePsf] ;Demf}tfdf kfOk h8fg u/L 6«]Gr k'bf{ ;aa]z;Dd
cfof]hgfn] ug]{ / a]zsf];{ tyf lkrsf] sfd ;8s ljefun] ug]{ pNn]v 5 . cfof]hgfn] ljt/0f k|0ffnL
;~hfn cGtu{tsf 7]Ssf ;Demf}tfdf e]l/P;gaf6 lkrsf] sfd x6fO{ u|]l8ª, sDKofS;g, ;aa]z /
a]zsf]z{;Ddsf] sfd yk u/]sf] 5 . ;8s ljefu;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tfcg';f/ a]zsf];{sf] sfo{ ;8s
ljefun] ug'{kg]{df cfof]hgfn] ;xof]uLgu/, >Lª\vnf uNnL, sLlt{dfu{nufot :yfgdf @ 7]Ssf
;Demf}tfaf6 @( xhf/ #%& ju{ld6/ a]zsf]z{sf] sfo{ u/fO{ ?=! s/f]8 ## nfv *^ xhf/ e'QmfgL
u/]sf] 5 . pQm :yfgdf ;8s ljefun] ;8s lkr ubf{ ;f] cfO6dsf] sfd;d]t x'g] b]lvPsf]n] bf]xf]/f]
vr{ x'g] cj:yf b]lvPsf] 5 . bf]xf]/f] gkg]{ cfwf/ k]; ug'{kb{5 .
45. j}b]lzs d'b|f e'QmfgL – sf7df8f}F pkTosfleq @) 6\o'aj]n h8fg tyf ljsf; ug{ & h'nfO{ @)!# df
Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=@( s/f]8 #$ nfv @% xhf/df 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ePsf]df !# cf}+ lan;Dd
?=!^ s/f]8 !# nfv (@ xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tfdf lansf]
e'QmfgL g]kfnL d'b|fdf ug]{ Joj:yf /x]sf]df lan /sdsf] &) k|ltzt ljlgdo b/ ?=**.!) sf b/n]
x'g] df]lanfOh];g k]:sL;d]t cd]l/sL 8n/ !@ nfv *( xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] b]lvof] . ;Demf}tf
adf]lhd j}b]lzs d'b|f e'QmfgL ug{ gldNg]df !* dO{ @)!# sf] laqmL b/df e'QmfgL u/]sf]n] a9L
e'QmfgL ?=! s/f]8 (% nfv (% xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
46. d"No ;dfof]hg – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf %% df lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] l9nfOsf] sf/0f
;Demf}tf cg';f/ tf]lsPsf] ;dodf sfd ;DkGg ug{ g;s]df d"No ;dfof]hg ug{ g;lsg] pNn]v 5 .

vfg]kfgL dGqfno
d"No ;dfof]hg lbg] u/L cfof]hgfn] ljt/0f k|0ffnL ;'wf/sf $ / yf]s ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf $ ;d]t *
7]Ssfdf ?=!$ ca{ &$ s/f]8 (! nfvsf] ;Demf}tf eO{ ?=* ca{ $^ s/f]8 @@ nfv e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 .
pQm e'QmfgLdf !*=^@ k|ltzt;Dd d"No j[l4 x'g] u/L ?=! ca{ !@ s/f]8 @& nfv d"No ;dfof]hg
e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
46.1. lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] l9nfOn] sfd ;DkGg ug{ g;sL cfof]hgfn] yk cfly{s bfloTj gkg]{ pNn]v u/L
lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] Dofb yk u/]sf] 5 . ;f] cg';f/ cfof]hgfn] z'? ;Demf}tfcg';f/ sfo{;DkGg ug]{
clGtd lbgsf] d"No ;"rLnfO{ cfwf/ glnO{ xfnsf] d"No ;"rLnfO{ cfwf/ lnO{ d"No ;dfof]hg ubf{ $
7]Ssf Kofs]hdf dfq ?=!$ s/f]8 @@ nfv && xhf/ a9L e'QmfgL ePsf]n] c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
46.2. yf]s ljt/0f k|0ffnL / l/hEjf{o/ 6+sL lgdf{0f ug]{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ 5}7f}F lan e'QmfgL ubf{ lan
/sdeGbf a9L /sdsf] d"No ;dfof]hg u/L ?=@) nfv % xhf/ a9L ePsf] b]lvPsf]n] c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
46.3. 7]Ssf ;Demf}tfdf af]nkq vf]Ng] lbgeGbf @* lbg cl3sf] d"No ;"rLnfO{ cfwf/ d"No dfgL d"No
;dfof]hg ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . cfof]hgfn] e]l/P;g cfb]zaf6 sfod ul/Psf] gofF cfO6d / gofF b//]6sf]
lan e'QmfgL ubf{ % lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ ?=$^ nfv !% xhf/ d"No ;dfof]hg e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 .
;Demf}tfljk/Lt e'QmfgL u/]sf] /sd c;'n ug'k{ b{5 .
47. e]l/P;g – ;du| ljt/0f k|0ffnL tyf l/hEjf{o/ kfgL 6+sL lgdf{0fsf] Kofs]h @ sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{
Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ^ cui6 @)!$ df @^ dlxgfleq ;DkGg ug]{ u/L ?=@ ca{ *& s/f]8 %&
nfvdf 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ePsf]df e]l/P;gaf6 ljleGg cfO6dsf] kl/df0f yk36 u/L ;Demf}tf /sd
?=# ca{ !( s/f]8 %( nfv sfod ePsf] / ;f]dWo] of] jif{;Dd ?=@ ca{ $# s/f]8 * nfv e'QmfgL
ePsf] 5 . s'n ;Demf}tf /sddWo] ef}lts tyf ljQLo k|ult k|ltj]bg, kmf]6f]u|fkm tyf l8lh6n skL,
Nofj :yfkgf, lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] c:yfoL ;'ljwfsf] Joj:yf h:tf hg/n cfO6d ?=!& s/f]8 @^
nfv *) xhf/ -^=&( k|ltzt_ /x]sf]df e]l/P;gaf6 ?=@( s/f]8 @$ nfv %% xhf/ -^(=#^ k|ltzt
a9L_ sfod u/]sf] pko'Qm b]lvPg .
48. bf]xf]/f] vr{ – cfof]hgfn] gVv'sf] OG6]s k'g:yf{kgf tyf ;'wf/ ug]{ sfo{ ug]{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{
@)^(.&) df e'QmfgL lbPsf] ?=@! nfv $% xhf/ of] jif{ k'gM e'QmfgL u/]sf] x'Fbf bf]xf]/f] e'QmfgL
ug]{nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ pQm /sd c;'n x'g' kb{5 .
u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ sf]if ljsf; ;ldlt
g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljsf; ;ldlt P]g, @)!# cGtu{t @)%@ ;fndf of] ;ldltsf] :yfkgf u/]sf] xf] .
;Demf}tfcg';f/ %% lhNnfdf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ u/L cfof]hgfsf] sfof{jlw ;g\ @)@) h'g #) ;Dd /xg]
/ nfut vr{ ?=( ca{ x'g] pNn]v 5 .
49. k|lt:kwf{ – g]kfn ;/sf/ / cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; ;+:yfaLr h'nfO{ !!, @)!$ df ePsf] ljQLo
;Demf}tfdf vl/b sfo{ /fli6\o af]nkqsf] ljlwaf6 ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . sfof{non] nfut cg'dfgadf]lhd
af]nkqa]u/ k|fljlws d"NofÍgaf6 5gf}6 ePsf !$* ;xof]uL ;+:yfx?;Fu bzf} ;d"xsf] ljsf; tyf
sfof{Gjog r/0f %^@, gjf}+ ;d"xsf] sfof{Gjog r/0f @&, ;/;kmfO{ sfo{qmd $)! / dd{t k'glg{df{0f
tyf k'g:yf{kgf sfo{qmd $)& ;d]t ! xhf/ #(& cfof]hgfsf] nflu ?=% ca{ ! s/f]8 ** nfvdf
;f]em} ;Demf}tf u/L sfo{ u/fPsf]df xfn;Dd ?=# ca{ !^ s/f]8 !! nfv e'QmfgL ePsf]5 . ;f]
;Demf}tf /sddWo] l;d]G6, hL=cfO{= kfOk, Pr8LkL kfOk, lkml6ª\;, eNe;\, 6'N;nufotsf u}/:yfgLo
lgdf{0f ;fdu|L vl/b ug{ ?=! ca{ &* s/f]8 &* nfv ljlgof]hg ePsf] 5 . k|lt:kwf{ ;Lldt x'g] u/L
sfo{ ug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfOg'kb{5 .
50. of]hgf :yug – bzf+}F ;d"xcGtu{t ljsf; r/0fsf] ;Demf}tf ePsf %^@ of]hgfdWo] !% j6f of]hgf of]
cfly{s jif{sf] ljleGg ldltdf :yug eO{ sfof{Gjog r/0fdf k|j]z u/]sf] b]lvPg . :yugsf] d'Vo
sf/0f u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] sfd gug'{ /x]sf] 5 . :yug ePsf of]hgfdWo] !$ of]hgfdf & ;+:yf;Fu ?=!
s/f]8 #* nfv *@ xhf/sf] ;Demf}tf ePsf]df xfn;Dd ?=(! nfv $% xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 .

vfg]kfgL dGqfno
cfof]hgf :yugn] ;f]df ul/Psf] nufgL k|ltkmnljxLg ePsf] 5 . pQm e'QmfgLdWo] sfd 5f8]sf Ps
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{ % cfof]hgfsf] nflu ePsf] e'QmfgL ?=@$ nfv ($ xhf/ ;d]t ;dfj]z 5 .
lkmtf{ ePsf] u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{ e'QmfgL ePsf] /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
51. k/fdz+ ;]jf – cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; ;+:yf;Fu ePsf] ljQLo ;Demf}tfsf] bkmf #=^ df gg sDKn]S;
js{;\nufot lgoldt k|s[ltsf sfo{x?sf] nflu k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ubf{ Go"g nfut ljlwsf] k|of]u
ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;f] ljk/Lt ;ldltn] & k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf 5gf}6df u'0f:t/ / nfut ljlw
cjnDag u/]af6 k|yd 36L saf]n ug]{sf] saf]n cÍ ?=# s/f]8 (^ nfvdf ;Demf}tf gu/L ?=% s/f]8
#) nfvdf ;Demf}tf u/]af6 ?=! s/f]8 #$ nfv yk Jooef/ kg{ uPsf] 5 .
o;}u/L ljleGg !( k/fdz{bftf;Fu ;Demf}tf ubf{ saf]n cÍdf slG6Gh]G;L /sd yk u/]sf] /
;f]xLadf]lhd ;Demf}tf ug]{ u/]sf] sf/0f ?=&% nfv #) xhf/ a9L Jooef/ k/]sf] 5 . pQm /sd
;DalGwt k/fdz{bftfaf6 c;'n ug{k' b{5 .
vfg]kfgL dx;'n lgwf{/0f cfof]u
vfg]kfgL dx;'n lgwf{/0f cfof]u P]g, @)^# adf]lhd vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;]jfsf] dx;'n lgwf{/0f
u/L dgfl;a d"Nodf pkef]QmfnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo / e/kbf{] ;]jf pknAw u/fO{ pkef]Qmfsf] xs lxt ;+/If0f ug{]
p2]Zon] cfof]usf] u7g ePsf] b]lvG5 .
52. aSof}tf – vfg]kfgL dx;'n lgwf{/0f cfof]u P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf !^ df cfof]un] ;]jf k|bfos;Fu lghn]
pkef]Qmfaf6 lng] dx;'nsf] @ k|ltztdf ga9\g] u/L tf]lsP adf]lhd z'Ns nufO{ p7fpg ;Sg]
Joj:yf cg';f/ cfof]usf] @)^%.#.@$ sf] a}7sn] @)^$.^% b]lv ;]jf k|bfosaf6 ! k|ltzt ;]jf
z'Ns lng] / To:tf] z'Ns q}dfl;s ?kdf cfof]unfO{ a'emfpg'kg{] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . cfof]uaf6 k|fKt
ljj/0f cg';f/ cfof]un]] ;]jf z'Ns lng'kg]{ $ ;]jf k|bfosdWo] @ af6 ut ljut cfly{s jif{sf] ?=$
s/f]8 !# nfv !) xhf/ z'Ns c;'n ug{ afFsL /x]sf] b]lvof] . pQm /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
sf7df8f}F pkTosf vfg]kfgL Joj:yfkg af]8{, @)&$.&%
53. ljQLo l:ylt tyf ;~rfng glthf – af]8{sf] sf]if tyf bfloTj ?=#) ca{ ( s/f]8 #@ nfv /x]sf] 5 .
crn ;DklQ ?=@ ca{ (^ s/f]8 *# nfv, lgdf{0ffwLg ;DklQ ?=#$ s/f]8 ^@ nfv, C0f nufgL
?=%* s/f]8 ! nfv / rfn' ;DklQ ?=@^ ca{ !( s/f]8 *^ nfv;d]t hDdf ;DklQ ?=#) ca{ (
s/f]8 #@ nfv b]lvG5 . utjif{ v'b gf]S;fg ?=!@ s/f]8 *^ nfv /x]sf]df o; jif{ v'b gfkmf ?=@)
s/f]8 #@ nfv e} v'b ;l~rt gf]S;fg ?=! ca{ @@ s/f]8 %! nfv k'u]sf] 5 .
54. clen]v Joj:yf – g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ljut jif{df k|fKt cg'bfg ?=^ s/f]8 ^& nfv !# xhf/ /
@)&!.&@ df zf]wegf{ x'g] C0f ?=!) s/f]8 %% nfv k|fKt u/]sf]df ;f] /sd pkof]usf] kl/of]hgfut
clen]v;d]t /x]sf] 5}g . hfOsfaf6 k|fKt C0f @)^$.^% ;Dddf 6g{ sL k|f]h]S6cGtu{t ;Demf}tf eO{
nufgL ePsf] ?=#* s/f]8 *@ nfv *% xhf/ Tfyf ;Demf}tf geO{ nufgL ePsf] ?=&@ s/f]8 @* nfv
%! xhf/;d]t ?=! ca{ !! s/f]8 !! nfv / ;f]em} e'QmfgL ?=^ s/f]8 #) nfv af]8{n] ljQLo ljj/0fdf
n]vfÍg u/]sf] kfOPg .
cg'udg tyf a]?h"
• cg'udg – ut jif{sf] k|ltj]bgdf cw'/f of]hgf ;DkGg gePsf], lgoldt k|s[ltsf] sfo{df k/fdz{;]jf
lnPsf], vfg]kfgLsf] d'xfg ljjfb, kfOk df}Hbft tyf kfOk 36L h8fg, cltl/Qm k]:sL e'QmfgL, gkfpg]
d"No ;dfof]hg e'QmfgL, k6s k6s Dofb yk, Go"g k|lt:kwf{nufotsf Joxf]/f cf}NF ofOPsf]df of] jif{ klg
;'wf/ u/]sf] b]lvb}g . ljutsf Joxf]/f k'g/fj[lQ gx'g] u/L sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug'{kb{5 .
• a]?h" l:ylt – of] jif{ dGqfno / dftxt;d]tsf lgsfosf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] a]?h"sf] l:ylt b]xfo
cg';f/ 5M

vfg]kfgL dGqfno
➢ ;/sf/L sfof{notkm{ *) lgsfodf ?= ^ ca{ ( s/f]8 #* nfv #& xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes
k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fPkl5 ?=$ s/f]8 (* nfv #) xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=^ ca{ $ s/f]8 $) nfv &
xhf/ afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?= ! ca{ *& s/f]8 !* nfv & xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL
➢ ;+ul7t ;+:yf @ tk{m ?=%@ s/f]8 % nfv ^& xhf/ a]?h" afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=! s/f]8 #$ nfv *
xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL !^ df 5 .

u[x dGqfno
dGqfnosf] sfo{If]qdf cfGtl/s ;'/Iff gLlt th{'df, zflGt ;'Joj:yf, xftxltof/ tyf v/vhfgfsf]
Ohfht tyf lgoGq0f, lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ lgoGq0f, ljb]zL gful/ssf] lgodg tyf lgoGq0f, gful/stf ljt/0f, ljkb\
Joj:yfkg, cWofudg Joj:yfkg, /fli6«o kl/rokq Joj:yfkg, nfu" cf}ifw lgoGq0f, ;Ldf k|zf;g, u[x k|zf;g,
;Ful7t ck/fw lgoGq0fnufotsf sfo{ / cGo dGqfnosf] sfo{ ljefhgdf gk/]sf ljifo;d]t /x]sf 5g\ .
dGqfno;d]t *!# lgsfoaf6 ;]jf k|jfx x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
dGqfno / dftxtsf] of] jif{ ljlgof]hg ?=^( ca{ !& s/f]8 *( nfv %* xhf/, /fh:j ?=* ca{ *@
s/f]8 @@ nfv (% xhf/, w/f}6L ?=! ca{ %^ s/f]8 &! nfv $# xhf/ / cGo sf/f]af/ ?=@% ca{ @% s/f]8 %!
nfv $% xhf/;d]t ?=! ca{ $ ca{ *@ s/f]8 #% nfv $! xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . dGqfno
dftxtsf cGo ;+:yf @ / ;ldlt ! sf] ?=& ca{ $@ s/f]8 # nfv !( xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;f]
sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
1. gLlt tyf sfo{qmd – rf}wf}F of]hgfn] u[x k|zf;g tyf g]kfn k|x/L, ;z:q k|x/L an / sf/fuf/ k|zf;g
k'g;{+/rgf tyf ;'b[9Ls/0f ug],{ cfGtl/s ;'/Iff gLlt kl/dfh{g ug],{ ljB'tLo zf;gsf] cjwf/0ff
sfof{Gjog ug],{ k|d'v zx/df Snf]h ;ls{6 6]lnlehg h8fg ug]{ ;fy} nfu" cf}ifw lgoGq0f ug]{ gLlt
lnPsf] 5 . of]hgfsf ljifo ;dfj]z u/L u[x k|zf;g ;'wf/ sfo{of]hgf, @)&$ nfu" ePsf] 5 . sfo{
of]hgfdf pNn]v ePdWo] dftxtsf ;+u7gsf] /0fgLlts of]hgf tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog gu/]sf], pRr kb:y
;fj{hlgs kbflwsf/L tyf /fhgLlt1 nufotsf] JolQmut ;'/Iffdf vl6g] ;'/IffsdL{sf ;DaGwdf df}h'bf
gLlt k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ k|lqmofdf /x]sf] 5 . u[x k|zf;g ;'wf/ sfo{of]hgf, @)&$ df pNn]v ePcg';f/
;'wf/ ug'k{ b{5 .
2. sfg'g th'{df – ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjogsf nflu u[x k|zf;g;Fu ;DalGwt ;+3Lo k|x/L P]g, ;z:q k|x/L an
P]g, g]kfn ljz]if ;]jf P]g, :yfgLo k|zf;g P]g, gful/stf P]g, ljkb Joj:yfkg P\]g, ;fdflhs ;'wf/
P]gnufotsf sfg'g @)&$ sflt{sleq hf/L ug]{] pNn]v 5 . g]kfn gful/stf ljwo]s, /fli6«o kl/rokq
tyf k~hLs/0fsf ;DaGwdf Joj:yf ug{ ag]sf] ljwo]s, g]kfn k|x/L / k|b]z k|x/Ln] ;Dkfbg ug]{ sfo{sf]
;~rfng ;'kl/j]If0f / ;dGjo ;DaGwdf Joj:yfug{ ag]sf] ljwo]s, zflGt / ;'/Iff sfod ug]{ ;DaGwdf
Joj:yf ug{ ag]sf] ljwo]s k|ltlglw;efdf btf{ u/]sf] 5 . cWofudg -Joj:yfkg_, sf/fuf/, hUuf k|flKt,
;z:q k|x/L / nfu"cf}ifw ;DaGwL sfg'g tof/Ldf l9nfO{ ePsf] 5 . u[x k|zf;g;DaGwL cfjZos P]g
lgod ;dod} tof/ ug'{kb{5 .
3. s]Gb|Lo cfly{s ljj/0f – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod *& df dGqfno cGtu{tsf] s]Gb|Lo
cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ u/L sflt{s d;fGtleq dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{nodf k]; ug{'kg{] Joj:yf 5 .
dGqfnon] tof/ u/]sf] s]Gb|Lo cfly{s ljj/0fn] dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] tof/ u/]sf] ljj/0feGbf z'?
ah]6 ?=!* s/f]8 ^@ nfv &$ xhf/ a9L / vr{ #& s/f]8 *( nfv $* xhf/ 36L b]vfPsf] 5 .
sf/f]af/sf] oyfy{ cj:yf bzf{pg] u/L cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ ug'k{ b{5 .
4. zflGt ;'/Iff vr{ – dlGqkl/ifb\sf] @)%).@.!# sf] lg0f{on] zflGt ;'/Iff sfod /fVg] k|of]hgsf nflu Ps
k6sdf u[xdGqLn] ?=%) xhf/ / u[x;lrjn] ?=@) xhf/;Dd vr{ ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . of] jif{
dGqL:t/af6 ?=&^ nfv %) xhf/ / ;lrj:t/af6 ?=&( nfv %! xhf/;d]t ?=! s/f]8 %^ nfv ! xhf/
zflGt ;'/Iff sfod ug]{ k|of]hgdf vr{ ePsf] 5 . u[xdGqLsf] :jLs[ltdf @)&@.&# df ?=%( nfv,
@)&#.&$ df ?=^! nfv / @)&$.&% df &^ nfv %) xhf/ vr{ ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L ;lrjsf] :jLs[ltdf
@)&@.&# df ?=@$ nfv, @)&#.&$ df ?=%# nfv / @)&$.&% df ?=&( nfv %) xhf/ vr{ ePsf] 5 .
k|To]s jif{ vr{ a9\b} uPsf]df j[l4sf] cfwf/ kf/bzL{ 5}g . dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{on] Ps k6ssf] vr{ ;Ldf
tf]s] klg ;do cjlw ls6fg u/]sf] 5}g . zflGt ;'/Iffsf lgldQ ;'/fsLnfO{ e'QmfgL x'g] vr{;DaGwL
sfo{ljlw;d]t tof/ u/]sf] b]lvPg . tTsfnLg zflGt ;'/Iffsf] kl/l:yltdf ul/Psf] lg0f{o kl/jlt{t
cj:yfdf k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{kb{5 .
u[x dGqfno
5. cfly{s ;xfotf – dlGqkl/ifb\af6 :jLs[t gful/s /fxt, Ifltk"lt{ tyf cfly{s ;xfotf ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw,
@)^* sf] a'Fbf !@ df /fli6«o hLjgsf dxTjk"0f{ JolQmx?nfO{ cf}ifwf]krf/ tyf cfly{s ;xfotf pknAw
u/fpg] / a'\Fbf !^ df cf}ifwf]krf/ afx]s cGo k|of]hgdf ;xfotf pknAw gx'g] pNn]v 5 . u[x k|zf;g
;'wf/ sfo{of]hgf, @)&$ n] cfly{s ;xfotf ljt/0f kf/bzL{ agfpg dfkb08 th{'df ug]{ pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .
of] jif{ dlGqkl/ifbsf] lg0f{oaf6 k|lt JolQm ?=%) xhf/b]lv ?=@% nfv;Ddsf b/n] @ xhf/ @#) hgfnfO{
?=#! s/f]8 *) nfv @& xhf/ ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/fx? lgDg 5g\M
5.1 dGqfnon] @)&@.&# df ?=!^ s/f]8 $) nfv #% xhf/, @)&#.&$ df ?=@( s/f]8 ^ nfv * xhf/ /
@)&$.&% df #! s/f]8 *) nfv @& xhf/ cfly{s ;xfotf k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . cfly{s ;xfotfsf] /sd
k|To]s jif{ a9\b} uP klg sfo{ljlwsf] kfngf ePsf] b]lvPg . cfly{s ;xfotf pknAw u/fpbf cf}iflw
pkrf/ k'li6 x'g] k|df0f ;+nUg u/]sf] 5}g . sfo{ljlwsf] kfngf
;fy} pkrf/ vr{ k'li6 x'g] u/L ;xfotf k|bfg ug'{kb{5 . of] jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 d'VotM
5.2 sfo{ljlwsf] a'Fbf !@=! df k"j{ k|wfgdGqLnfO{ a9Ldf ?=!% nfv rf}wf}+ of]hgf / u[x k|zf;g ;'wf/
tyf /fli6«o hLjgsf ljleGg If]qdf of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf JolQmnfO{ sfo{ of]hgfsf] nIo adf]lhd sfo{
a9Ldf ?=& nfv;Dd cfly{s ;xfotf lbg ;lsg] Joj:yf 5 . gePsf], kl/jlt{t cj:yfdf zflGt
of] jif{ dfkb08eGbf a9L x'g] u/L k|ltJolQm ?=@% nfv;Dd ;'/Iff vr{ k'g/fjnf]sg gu/]sf],
cfly{s ;xfotf ljt/0f u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;LdfeGbf a9L x'g]u/L s]Gb|Lo cfly{s ljj/0f oyfy{ gePsf],
#) JolQmnfO{ ?=# s/f]8 ## nfv cfly{s ;xfotf ljt/0f u/]sf] cfly{s ;xfotf ljt/0fdf lgoGq0f
5 . dfkb08leq /xg] u/L cfly{s ;xfotf ljt/0f ug'{kb{5 . Joj:yfsf] kfngf gu/]sf],
sf/fuf/x?df IfdtfeGbf a9L s}bL
6. JolQmut ;'/IffsdL{ – dGqfnon] axfnjfnf Pj+ k"j{ /fv]sf], /fli6«o kl/rokq ljt/0fdf
kbflwsf/Lsf] JolQmut ;'/Iffsf nflu k|x/L sd{rf/L v6fpg] l9nfO u/]sf], 6«flkms aQL tyf
u/]sf] 5 . ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] @)^*.*.@@ df sfg'gdf Joj:yf lrGxsf] Joj:yf gu/]sf], ejg
u/]/ dfq ljlzi6 JolQmnfO{ ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] cfb]z lgdf0f{:ynsf] Joj:yf gu/L 7]Ssf
lbPsf] 5 . ;'/Iff;DaGwL sfddf kl/rfng ug'{kg]{ hgzlQm ;Demf}tf u/L k]:sL pknAw u/fPsf]
ljlzi6 JolQmsf] ;'/Iffy{ v6fO{ JolQmut sfddf ;d]t nufpg] nufotfsf Joxf]/f b]lvPsf]n] ;'wf/
sfo{ /f]Sg'kg]{ Joj:yf æu[x k|zf;g ;'wf/ dfu{lrq– @)&$Æ df ug'{kb{5 .
pNn]v 5 . dfkb08eGbf ljk/Lt pknAw u/fPsf] ;'/IffsdL{
lkmtf{ ug'{kb{5 .
sf/fuf/ Joj:yfkg ljefu
7. ;'wf/ of]hgf – u[x k|zf;g ;'wf/ sfo{of]hgf, @)&$ n] sf/fuf/ Joj:yfkg ;'wf/ ug{ sf/fuf/
lgodfjnL ;+zf]wg u/L s}bLaGbLsf] /fzg l;bf, ;'Ts]/L vr{, bfx;+:sf/ vr{ h:tf ;'ljwf ;dofg's"n
agfpg]Ù ck/fwsf] k|s[lt, cg'zf;g / s}b e'Qmfg cjlwsf] cfwf/df lgdf{0f sfo{df >d ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf
ug]{Ù :jf:Yo pkrf/sf lgldQ Ifdtfsf cfwf/df :jf:Yo rf}sL tyf pk :jf:Yo rf}sL ;/xsf] cf}iflw
;'ljwf dGqfnoaf6} pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf ug]{, ;L=;L=6L=eL / @$;} 306f cfktsfnLg aQLsf] Joj:yf
ldnfpg] cjwf/0ff tof/ u/] tfklg ;'wf/ ePsf] b]lvPg . s}bLaGbLn] kfpg] l;bf /sd @)&%.&^ b]lv
j[l4 u/L b}lgs ?=^).— / s}bLaGbLsf afnaRrfsf] l;bf b}lgs ?=#%.— sfod u/]sf] 5 . :jf:Yo
dGqfnoaf6 cf}iflw pknAw ePsf] 5}g . of] j if{ !% lhNnf sf/fuf/df dfq ;L=;L=6L=eL h8fg
ePsf] 5 . sfo{ljlwsf] cefjdf v'Nnf sf/fuf/ Joj:yfcg';f/ s}bLnfO{ ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfddf ;+nUg
u/fPsf] 5}g . u[x k|zf;g ;'wf/ sfo{of]hgf, @)&$ cg';f/ sf/fuf/ Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
8. ef}lts ;'wf/ – sf/fuf/sf] ef}lts / Joj:yfksLo kIf ;'wf/ sfo{bnsf] k|ltj]bg, @)^* n] !(
sf/fuf/sf]] Ifdtf lj:tf/ ug'{kg]{, !! sf/fuf/df gofF aGbLu[x lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ tyf @* sf/fuf/ dd{t
ug'k{ g]{ l;kmfl/; u/]sf] 5 . l;kmfl/; sfof{Gjog ug{ ljefun] sfo{ of]hgf tof/ u/]sf] 5}g . gofF

u[x dGqfno
sf/fuf/ Ans lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{qmd :jLs[t eP klg ?kGb]xL, s}nfnL / Ko'7fg sf/fuf/ lgdf{0fsf] 7]Ssf
k|lqmof z'? ePsf] 5}g . af‘s]sf] ugfk'/df v'Nnf sf/fuf/ lgdf{0fsf nflu @)&% cfiff9df dfq af]nkqsf]
;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf]n] ljlgof]lht ?=@ s/f]8 vr{ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . d'cfjhf ljt/0f x'g g;s]sf sf/0f
d':tfª sf/fuf/ ejg lgdf{0f z'? ePsf] 5}g . lgdf{0f tyf ;'wf/sf sfo{ ;DkGg u/L sf/fuf/ Joj:yfkg
9. sf/fuf/ Ifdtf – ah]6 aStJo @)&$.&% df ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f, k'glg{df{0f tyf ;'wf/ u/L
s}bLaGbLsf] hLjgofkg dfgjf]lrt agfpFb} nfg] pNn]v 5 . sf/fuf/df @)&@.&# df !& xhf/ %#(,
@)&#.&$ df !* xhf/ #*( / @)&$.&% df !( xhf/ #^) aGbLx? /x]sf] kfOof] . aGbLsf] hLjgofkg
dfgjf]lrt agfpg IfdtfeGbf a9L aGbL /fVg gx'g]df !! xhf/ &)) ;Dd Ifdtf /x]sf] &$ sf/fuf/df
!( xhf/eGbf a9L s}bL /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . s}nfnL / afFs] sf/fuf/df IfdtfeGbf #)) k|ltzt a9L x'g]
u/L s}bL /fv]sf] b]lvG5 . :j:y jftfj/0fsf] cefjdf dfgjf]lrt hLjgofkgdf sl7gfO x'g] b]lvPsf]n]
sf/fuf/ Ifdtfsf cfwf/df aGbL /fVg'kb{5 .
cWofudg ljefu
10. k|0ffnL ;'wf/ – u[x k|zf;g ;'wf/ sfo{of]hgfn] k|ljlwo'Qm clen]v k|0ffnL ljsf; ug]{, ;Ldf lgoGq0f
k|0ffnLåf/f Oldu|];g ;ˆ6j]o/ k|lt:yfkg ug]{, O{–le;f :df6{ sf8{df kl/0ft ug],{ ljdfg:ynsf] cWofudg
;]jfnfO{ rf}aL;} 306f ;~rfng ug]{nufotsf p2]Zo lnPsf] 5 . tL p2]ZodWo] ;Ldf lgoGq0f k|0ffnLsf]
:yfkgf, :df6{ sf8{sf] Joj:yf tyf Oldu|];g df]afOn PlKns];g tof/ u/]sf] 5}g . cWofudg ljefu /
dftxtsf sfof{nosf] sfo{ jftfj/0fdf ;'wf/ ug{] sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug'[{kb{5 .
11. le;f l:6s/ – ljefun] s"6gLlts, ;/sf/L, ko{6s, cWoognufot !! lsl;dsf k|j]zf1f
hf/L ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . k|j]zf1f z'Nsafkt ljefun] ?=$% s/f]8 *^ nfv / s"6gLlts lgof]uaf6 ?=^@
s/f]8 ^% nfv *& xhf/ /fh:j ;Íng ePsf] 5 . of] jif{ % nfv ^& xhf/ $&^ yfg le;f l:6s/
lhG;L vftfaf6 vr{ hgfPsf] dWo] ljb]zl:yt s"6g}lts lgof]unfO{ ! nfv &$ xhf/ @&^ yfg le;f
l:6s/ pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . s"6g}lts lgof]unfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] le;f l:6s/sf] clen]v cBfjlws
u/]sf] 5}g . clen]v cBfjlws u/L /fh:j olsg x'g] u/L cfo n]vfÍgdf ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
12. sf/afxL tyf lgisfzg – cWofudg lgodfjnL, @)%! df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt glnO{ g]kfn k|j]z
ug{ gkfOg] ;fy} cfk/flws lqmofsnfk u/]df le;f /2 u/L g]kfnaf6 lgisfzg ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . k|fKt
ljj/0fcg';f/ @)&).&! df #@), @)&!.&@ df #%), @)&@.&# df @^% / @)&#.&$ df !#! ljb]zL
lgisfzg tyf ;'k'b{uL u/]sf] eP klg tYofÍ k|0ffnL Jojl:yt u/]sf] 5}g . k|j]zf1f cjlw ;dfKt eO{
@)&#.&$ df u}/sfg'gL ?kdf g]kfndf a;f]af; ul//x]sf #%& nfO{ sf/afxL u/L lgisfzg u/]sf]]df
@)&$.&% df %^$ nfO{ sf/afxL u/L lgisfzg u/]sf] b]lvof] . cWofudg sfg'g kfngf gug]{ / le;fsf]
Dofb yk gu/L g]kfndf a:g] ljb]zL gful/ssf] oyfy{ clen]v tof/ u/L tYofÍ k|0ffnL Jojl:yt ug'{kb{5 .
/fli6«o kl/ro kq Joj:yfkg s]Gb|
13. kl/rokq ljt/0f – jflif{s sfo{qmd, @)&$ adf]lhd s]Gb|n] !@ lhNnfdf /fli6«o kl/rokq ljt/0f ug]{
nIo lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 . of] jif{ pQm sfo{qmddf ?=$& s/f]8 ^@ nfv *& xhf/;d]t xfn;Dd ?=^)
s/f]8 &% nfv &% xhf/ vr{ ePsf] 5 . @)&$.%.!( sf] dGqL:t/Lo lg0f{oaf6 kfFry/ lhNnfsf ! nfv
!) xhf/ gful/s / l;+xb/af/df sfo{/t & xhf/ sd{rf/LnfO{ kl/rokq ljt/0f ug]{] sfo{qmd /fv]sf]
dWo] kfFry/ lhNnfdf %! xhf/ #*& / l;+xb/af/df ! xhf/ #@% ;d]t %@ xhf/ &!! -nIosf] t'ngfdf
$% k|ltzt_ sf] tYofÍ ;Íng u/L @)&%.*.# af6 kl/rokq ljt/0f z'? u/]sf] 5 . nIocg'?k &
jif{;Dd klg tYofÍ ;Íng sfo{ k"/f gx'g'sf ;fy} tf]s]cg';f/ kl/rokq ljt/0f ug{ g;Sbf nfut;d]t
a9\g] b]lvG5 . jflif{s nIocg';f/ sfo{;DkGg ug'{kb{5 .

u[x dGqfno
g]kfn k|x/L
g]kfn k|x/Lsf] k|d'v lhDd]jf/L ck/fw lgoGq0f, ck/fw cg';Gwfg, zflGt ;'Joj:yf sfod, ;jf/L
lgoGq0f, ljlzi6 JolQmx?sf] ;'/Iff, dxTjk"0f{ k|lti7fgx?sf] ;'/Iff, ljdfg:yn ;'/Iff, k|sf]k Joj:yfkg tyf
hgdfg;df ;'/Iff hgr]tgf k|jfx ug]{ /x]sf] 5 . ;+u7gdf k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no, dfgj ;|f]t ljefu, sfo{ Pj+
ck/fw cg';Gwfg ljefu;lxtsf] ;+u7g ;+/rgf /x]sf] 5 .
14. sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog – u[x k|zf;g ;'wf/ sfo{qmdn] g]kfn k|x/L tyf ;z:q k|x/L ansf] k'g;{+/rgf tyf
;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ sfo{gLltcg';f/ k|x/Lsf] Go"gtd cfwf/e"t cfjZostf k"/f ug{ 5fk|f]af6 Jof/]sdf abNg],
ck/fw cg';Gwfg k"0f{?kdf k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t agfpg], ;fOa/ ck/fw lgoGq0fsf nflu sfg'gL Joj:yf,
ljkb p4f/sf nflu cfw'lgs p4f/ ;fdu|L Joj:yf, k|d'v zx/df hl8t ;L=;L=6L=eL= rfn' xfntdf
/fVg]nufotsf sfo{ ;DkGg u/]sf] kfOPg . ;'wf/ of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZos ah]6 Joj:yf u/L
k|x/L ;]jfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg'kb{5 .
15. dfgj ;|f]t Joj:yfkg – bIf tyf tfnLd k|fKt sd{rf/L Joj:yfkg ug{ dfgj ;|f]t ljefu :yfkgf ePsf]
5 . ljefun] sd{rf/L egf{, 5gf}6, tflnd tyf sd{rf/L k|zf;g;DaGwL sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . g]kfn
k|x/Lsf] ut jif{ s'n b/aGbL &@ xhf/ $&# /x]sf]df dlGqkl/ifb\af6 @)&%.@.@& df # xhf/ ##& yk u/L
&% xhf/ *!) b/aGbL :jLs[t ePsf] 5 . cfly{s jif{sf] cGtdf clws[t txdf !$@ / ;f]eGbf d'lg $
xhf/ &!* ;d]t u/L $ xhf/ *^) kb l/Qm /x]sf] b]lvG5 . k|x/L ;]jfdf cfsif{0f ug{;Sg] u/L hgzlQm
Joj:yfkg of]hgf tof/ ug'k{ b{5 .
16. ck/fw cg';Gwfg – ck/fw cg';Gwfg, lgoGq0f tyf zflGt ;'Joj:yf sfod /fVg] sfo{sf nflu s]Gb|Lo
ck/fw cg';Gwfg ljefu, s]Gb|Lo cg';Gwfg Ao'/f]sf ;fy} k|x/L ;+u7gsf cGo lgsfo sfo{/t /x]sf]df
ck/fw cg';Gwfg tyf lgoGq0f ug]{ sfo{ k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ck/fwsf 36gf k|To]s jif{ a9\bf]
qmddf /x]sf] / 5fglag u/L ;dod} 6'Ëf] nufpg g;s]sf] cj:yf b]xfocg';f/ 5M
qm=;+= ck/fwsf] lsl;d @)&!.&@ @)&@.&# @)&#.&$ @)&$.&%
1. Hofg;DaGwL $^*& %#^& %()$ ^$)%
2. cfTdxTof $%)$ $^*) %!@$ %#!&
3. rf]/L ck/fw ;DaGw !!@* !%&* !^@& !^@*
4. ;Ful7t tyf cfly{s ck/fw #))@ #&@# #%(# $^%^
5. ;fdflhs ck/fw !)!## *^*( !)@%^ !$$%)
6. dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf;DaGwL @)!^ @@(% @$#( #@%%
7. ;jf/L;DaGwL !^$! !*@) @!%) @#@)
8. ljljw -cGo_ @&% $!! #^( !@*$
hDdf 27386 28563 31462 39315
km5\of}{6 18256 9269 8982 13596
km5\of}{6 k|ltzt 66.66 32.45 28.55 34.58
cl3Nnf] jif{sf] t'ngfdf ck/fw j[l4 k|ltzt - 4.30 10.80 24.96
;du|?kdf cl3Nnf] jif{sf] t'ngfdf of] jif{ ck/fwsf 36gf sl/a @% k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 .
k|s[ltut ?kdf ;+ul7t tyf cfly{s ck/fw @(=%*, ;fdflhs ck/fw $)=*(, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf
;DaGwL ##=$% k|ltztn] a9]sf] kfOof] . btf{ ePsf d'2fx? km5\of}{6 b/ sl/a #% k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
ck/flws lqmofsnfk a9\g'sf sf/0f kQf nufO{ a9\bf] ck/fwnfO{ /f]syfd u/L zflGt ;'Joj:yf sfod
ug{ cfjZos sfo{qmdx? th'{df ug'{sf ;fy} btf{ ePsf d'2fx? ;dod} km5\of}{6 ug'{kb{5 .
17. 6«flkms Joj:yfkg – pkTosfsf] 6«flkms Joj:yfkgsf] nflu yk #@ :yfgdf 6«flkms aQL, !& :yfgdf
;8s aQL, @! :yfgdf c08/kf;, !) :yfgdf ˆnfO{ cf]e/, !* :yfgdf csf;]k'n cfjZos /x]sf]
dxfgu/Lo 6«flkms k|x/L dxfzfvfn] cf}FNofP tfklg To:tf ;+/rgf lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmof cufl8 a9fPsf]
u[x dGqfno
kfOPg . /f8f/ ugsf] ;+Vof Go"g /x]sf] tyf pkTosfleq @) :yfgdf 6«flkms aQL h8fg u/]sf]df $
:yfgdf dfq rfn' /x]sf]n] ;jf/L lgoGq0fdf sl7gfOsf] cj:yf 5 . :df6{ l:6«6 ;fOgaf]8{, ;jf/L;fwg
k|b"if0f k/LIf0f d]l;g, kfls{ª :ynsf] sdL /x]sf] 5 . ;8s, qml;ª / kfls{ª:ynsf] Joj:yfkg ;8s
ljefu / :yfgLo lgsfo dftxt kg]{, ;jf/L;fwg btf{ Pj+ ;~rfng cg'dlt oftfoft Joj:yf ljefun] /
;jf/L lgoGq0f g]kfn k|x/Ln] ug]{ u/]sf]df ;dGjosf] cefj b]lvPsf] 5 . ;dGjo u/L PsLs[t 6«flkms
Joj:yfkg of]hgf nfu" ug'k{ b{5 .
18. 6«flkms aQL – u[x k|zf;g ;'wf/ dfu{ lrq, @)&$ n] sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf] 6«flkms Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/
Nofpg cfjZostfcg';f/ rf]sdf 6«flkms aQLx? Joj:yfug]{ pNn]v 5 . dxfgu/Lo 6«flkms dxfzfvfn]
sf7df8f}F pkTosfleq yk #@ :yfgdf 6«flkms aQL / yk ( :yfgdf k}bnofqL aQL Joj:yf ug'{kg]{
cf}FNofPsf]df sfof{Gjog u/]sf] kfOPg . sf7df8f}F pkTosfleq hfkfg ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf 6«flkms aQL
@) :yfgdf / k}bnofqL aQL ( :yfgdf h8fg u/]sf]df cfjZos dd{t ;Def/sf] cefjdf !^ :yfgsf]
6«flkms aQL / * :yfgsf] k}bnofqL aQL rfn' 5}gg\ . o;af6 6«flkms Joj:yfkgdf sl7gfO ePsf] 5 .
cfjZos ah]6 Joa:yf u/L lalu|Psf 6«flkms aQLx? dd{t u/L rfn' xfnt /fVg'sf ;fy} klxrfg
ul/Psf yk :yfgx?df ;8s ljefu;Fu ;dGjo u/L 6«flkms aQL / k}bnofqL alQ Joj:yf u/L 6«flkms
Joj:yfkg ;'wf/ ug{'kb{5 .
19. ;8s ;'/Iff – rf}wf}F of]hgfn] ;jf/L tyf 6f«lkms Joj:yfkg ;'wf/sf nflu ;du| oftfoft Joj:yfnfO{
k|efjsf/L ?kdf lgodg ug{ sfg'gL Joj:yf ug]{ oftfoft ;]jf ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwsf] k|of]uaf6
Jojl:yt ePsf] x'g], & cf]6f e]lxsn lkm6g]; 6]l:6ª ;]G6/x¿ :yfkgf ug]{, $ j6f tf}n a[hx¿ tof/
u/L ;~rfng ug]{, /0fgLlts :yfgx¿df 6«flkms ;ª\s]t lrGxx¿ lgdf{0f u/L :yflkt, 6«flkms;DaGwL
;r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ,k'/fgf ;jf/L ;fwgx¿sf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ sfo{qmd /fv]sf] 5 . ;jf/L
;fwgsf] j[l4;Fu} o;sf] plrt Joj:yfkg gx'‘bf jflif{s cf};t * k|ltztsf b/n] b'3{6gfdf j[lå ePsf]
b]lvof] . b'3{6gfdf k/]sf dWo] # k|ltztsf] 36gf :ynd} d[To' x'g] tyf $ k|ltzt uDeL/ 3fOt] x'g] u/]sf]
b]lvG5 .
s'n b'3{6gf d[To" ulDe/ b'3{6gf ;fdfGo b'3{6gf
qm=;+= cfly{s jif{
;+Vof j[lå k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt
1. 2070/71 4672 - 143 3 229 5 3481 75
2. 2071/72 4999 7 133 3 233 5 3643 73
3. 2072/73 5568 11 166 3 275 5 3901 70
4. 2073/74 5530 -1 182 3 201 4 3914 71
5. 2074/75 6381 15 194 3 219 3 4333 68
cf};t 5351 8 163 3 227 4 3819 71
;jf/L;fwg / ;8ssf] hL0f{ cj:yf, ;jf/L;fwgsf] rfk, k"jf{wf/ a]u/ ;8s cg'dlt lbg', ;jf/L
lgoddf sdL, ofq'sf] rfk, rfns cg'dltkqdf lgodgsf] sdL, ;jf/L lgod;DaGwL 1fgdf sdL h:tf
sf/0fn] b'3{6gf a9]sf] cj:yf 5 . ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 ;r]tgf sfo{qmd, ;8s dd{t, ;8s aQL,
6«flkms lrGx, ;8s :df6{ lrXg, k|b"if0f k/LIf0f d]l;gnufotsf] Joj:yfkg u/L b'3{6gf Go"gLs/0f
ug'k{ b{5 .
20. lgdf{0f :yn – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod ^-#_ df lgdf{0f :ynsf] Joj:yf gu/L vl/b
sf/afxL z'? ug{ gx'g] pNn]v 5 . Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no, tfs'sf]6, uf]/vfsf] ejg lgdf{0f sfo{sf nflu
Ps lgdf{0f ;]jf;Fu @)&%.#.!# df d"No clej[l4 s/;d]t ?=@ s/f]8 @( nfv *@ xhf/sf] ;Demf}tf
ePsf] 5 . lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ @)&%.#.@( df ?=$) nfv ^& xhf/ df]lanfOh];g k]:sL e'QmfgL
ePsf]df lgdf{0f :yfg pknAw gu/fPsf]n] sfof{/De ePsf] 5}g . lgdf{0f :yn olsg gu/L ;Demf}tf ug'{ /
k]:sL pknAw u/fpg' plrt b]lvPg . lgdf{0f:yn pknAw u/fO{ ;Demf}tfcg';f/sf] sfo{ ;DkGg x'g'kb{5 .

u[x dGqfno
21. ;|f]t / ;]jf k|jfx – g]kfn k|x/LnfO{ ck/fw cg';Gwfg, ck/fw lgoGq0f, 6«flkms Joj:yfkg, ljlzi6
JolQmx?sf] ;'/Iff ug]{, dxTjk"0f{ k|lti7fgx?sf] ;'/Iff ug]{ / nfu"" cf}ifw lgoGq0f ug]{, k|sf]k Joj:yfkg
ug]{, ljdfg:yn ;'/Iff ug]{ cflb dxTjk"0f{ lhDd]]jf/L lbPsf] 5 . g]kfn k|x/Lsf hjfgsf nflu kof{Kt
cfjf;, d];, lkpg] kfgL / zf}rfnosf] cj:yfnfO{ dWogh/ ub]{ Go"gtd cfwf/e"t cfjZostf k"/f ug{
of]hgfa4 9Ën]] qmdzM 5fk|f]af6 Aof/]sdf abNg] gLlt /x] tfklg ;|f]tsf] cefjdf ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] sdL
/x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L ;'/Iff u:tLsf nflu ;jf/L;fwgsf] sdL, 6«flkms Joj:yfkgsf nflu /f8/ ug,
e]lxsn lkm6g]; 6]l:6ª ;]G6/, ;jf/L k|b"if0f k|lzIf0f d]l;gsf] sdL /x]sf] kfOof] . tf]lsPsf] lhDd]jf/Lsf]
cfjZostf cg'?k ;|f]tsf] Joj:yf u/L k|x/L ;]jfsf] k|efjsfl/Tff j[l4 ug'{kb{5 .
;z:q k|x/L an g]kfn
gful/ssf] hLpwgsf] ;'/Iff, ;Ldf ck/fw lgoGq0f, ;Ldf If]qsf] cg'udg Pj+ dxTjk"0f{ lgsfosf]
;'/Iffnufotsf] lhDd]jf/L lgjf{x ug{ ;z:q k|x/L an P]g, @)%* cg';f/ u7g eO{ ;z:q k|x/L an ;~rfngdf
/x]sf] 5 .
22. cf}Bf]lus tyf /fh:j ;'/Iff – nufgLsf] cg's"n jftfj/0f ljsf; ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] u/L æcf}Bf]lus
sl/8f]/, If]q / k|ltii7fgx?Æ sf] ;'/Iffsf nflu cfjZostfcg';f/ cf}Bf]lus ;'/Iff ansf] ;]jf pknAw
u/fpg] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLlt /x]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu ;z:q k|x/L an cf}Bf]lus ;'/Iff u0fsf] Joj:yf
ul/Psf] 5 . eG;f/ gfsf / /fh:j cg';Gwfgdf ;z:q k|x/L ansf] j]zSofDk /fvL ;''/Iff /flvPsf] 5 .
;Ldf gfsfx?df ;3g u:tL kl/rfng u/L rf]/L k}7f/L lgoGq0fdf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg'kb{5 .
23. clen]v ;'/Iff – s]Gb|Lo n]vfsf] e08f/df @)&$.(.$ ut] /flt !M#) ah] cfunfuL xF'bf @)^#.^$ b]lv
@)&#.&$ ;Dd !! cfly{s jif{sf] rfn' k'FhLut tyf e"sDk /fxt ;d]t u/L ?=( ca{ &$ s/f]8 !(
nfvsf sf/f]af/;DaGwL k|df0f sfuhft Iflt ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . dGqL:t/sf] @)&$.)(.)% sf]
lg0f{ocg';f/ u7g ePsf] 5fglag ;ldltsf] sDKo'6/df cfwfl/t n]vf tyf clen]v k|0ffnL nfu" ug]{,
lhG;L Joj:yfkg r':t agfpg] h:tf ;'emfj;d]tsf cfwf/df ;'wf/ u/L clen]v k|0ffnL Jojl:yt
ug'{kb{5 .
24. 7]Ssf Joj:yf – cfly{s jif{ )&$.&% df :6]zg/L, d;nGb tyf sfof{no ;~rfng nufotsf ;fdfg
vl/b ug{ ?=@@ s/f]8 #* nfv (! xhf/ nfut cg'dfgsf !# vl/b 7]Ssfdf ?=!% s/f]8 *@ nfv $
xhf/df ;fdfg cfk"lt{ ug]{ u/L ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . nfut cg'dfgsf] t'ngfdf :6]zg/L cfk"lt{df (%
k|ltzt, d;nGbdf ^& k|ltzt, cfdf]{/df ^* k|ltzt, sfof{no ;~rfngdf ^@ k|ltzt;Dd 36Ldf saf]n
ePcg';f/ 7]Ssf :jLs[t ePsf] 5 . k|:tfljt b/ ljZn]if0f ubf{ dfu 36L x'g] ;fdfg Go"g d"Nodf tyf
clws dfu x'g] ;fdfg pRr d"Nodf pknAw u/fpg] u/L k|:tfj u/] klg Go"g saf]n u/]sf] j:t' cfk"lt{
gu/]sf] ;fy} af]nkqdf pNn]v ePeGbf km/s lsl;dsf ;fdu|L k|rlnt ahf/ d"Nodf pknAw u/fPsf]
b]lvG5 . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ cfk"lt{ ug]{ u/L ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
25. kf]zfs ljt/0f – ;z:q k|x/L lgodfjnL, @)&@ sf] cg";"rL !% df ;z:q k|x/L clws[t / hjfgsf
nflu pknAw u/fpg] kf]zfssf ;DaGwdf pNn]v 5 . sfof{non] jflif{s, låjflif{s tyf s]xL jif{sf]
km/sdf pknAw u/fpg'kg]{ kf]zfs tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g . of] jif{ kf]zfs vl/bsf]
nflu :jLs[t ePsf] ?=% s/f]8 *^ nfv !% xhf/ vl/b sfo{ gx'Fbf lk|mh ePsf] 5 . s'n #& xhf/ !!&
;z:q k|x/L sfo{/t /x]sf]df kf]zfs df}Hbft b/jGbLsf] t'ngfdf Go"g b]lvG5 . lgodfjnLdf pNn]v
ePcg';f/ kf]zfs ljt/0f ug'{kb{5 .
lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nox?
26. ;]jf k|jfx – u[x k|zf;g ;'wf/ sfo{of]hgfcg';f/ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] sfo{of]hgf nfu' ePsf]
ldltn] @ dlxgfleq ;]jfu|fxL ;Gt'li6sf] ;j]{If0f u/L tbg'?k ;'wf/ ug'{kg],{ cgnfOg lgj]bg lng] Joj:yf

u[x dGqfno
ug'{kg]{ tyf So" d]l;gdfkm{t 6f]sg k|bfg ug]{ k|0ffnLsf] z'?jft ug'{kg]{df u/]sf] 5}g . ;'wf/ sfo{of]hgf
sfof{Gjog u/fO{ ;]jfsf] k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg'kb{5 .
27. /fxt / Ifltk"lt{ – /fxt / Ifltk"lt{ ljt/0fsf nflu lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf k|wfgdGqLsf] sfof{no, u[x
dGqfno tyf k//fi6« dGqfnoaf6 /sd lgsf;f ePsf] 5 . lgsf;fdWo] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nosf] ljljw
vftfdf ?=& ca{ #( s/f]8 #^ nfv %& xhf/ ljt/0f geO{ df}Hbft b]lvPsf] 5 . k//fi6« dGqfnojf6
>lds Ifltk"lt{ afktsf] lgsf;fdWo] ?=!# s/f]8 %* nfv *$ xhf/, d'cfjhf ljt/0fsf] ;8s ljefusf]
lgsf;fdWo] ?=$ ca{ !& s/f]8 %! nfv !# xhf/, ljB't k|flws/0f / g]kfnL ;]gfaf6 d'cfjhf ljt/0fsf]
nflu k|fKt k]:sLdWo] ?=! cj{ *( s/f]8 ## nfv ^) xhf/, b}jL k|sf]k p4f/sf]ifaf6 k|fKt /sddWo] ?=!
ca{ !* s/f]8 (@ nfv (( xhf/ ljt/0f ePsf] 5}g . /fxt tyf Ifltk"lt{sf nflu k|fKt /sd ;dodf
lat/0f u/L ;]jfsf] k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg'kb{5 .
/fli6«o ljkb Joj:yfkg sf]if
28. Ifdtf clej[l4 – Ifdtf j[l4sf nflu dGqfnon] ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /fli6«o gLlt th'{df u/L hg;]jf
Ao"/f] u7g u/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L ;a} k|b]zdf @$;} 306f ;]jf lbg ljkb sfo{ ;~rfng s]Gb| / !! :yfgdf
cTofjZos ;fdu|L;lxtsf] e08f/ u[x :yfkgf ug]{ sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/]sf] 5 . of]hgfcg';f/ ;~rfng
s]Gb| :yfkgf u/L e08f/0fsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5}g . ljkb k"j{ tof/Lsf] Joj:yf u/L k|fs[lts ljkbaf6 x'g]
hf]lvd Go"g ug]{ cj:yfdf /xg'kb{5 .
29. /fxt ljt/0f – dGqfnon] of] jif{ lhNnf ljkb Joj:yfkg sf]ifx?nfO{ ?=! ca{ ( s/f]8 @) nfv @*
xhf/ lgsf;f u/]sf] 5 . pQm /sddWo] k|fs[lts k|sf]kdf k/L d[To' x'g] d[tssf glhssf xsbf/nfO{ k|lt
d[ts ?=@ nfv / af9L, klx/f] / 8'afgsf sf/0f k|efljt lhNnfsf] kLl8tx?nfO{ vfBfg vl/b ug{ k|lt
JolQm k|ltlbg ?=&) sf b/n] gub ljt/0f ug{ ?=(& s/f]8 (* nfv $& xhf/ lgsf;f ul/Psf] 5 . t/
gub ljt/0f ug]{ u/L /sd lgsf;f ubf{ lgoGq0f Joj:yf sfod u/]sf] kfOPg . of] jif{ ljleGg lhNnfsf
af9L] kLl8tx?nfO{ vfBfg vl/b afkt g]kfn vfB ;+:yfgnfO{ ?=# s/f]8 (( nfv (# xhf/;d]t e'QmfgL
u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o;af6 /fxt sfo{qmddf bf]x/f]kgf /x]sf] kfOof] . vfBfg vl/bsf nflu gub ljt/0f sfo{
a}lsË sf/f]af/dfkm{t u/L ;|f]tsf] bIftfk"j{s pkof]u u/L nlIft ;d"x nfeflGjt x'g] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
;fy} ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo lgsfoaf6 /fxt k'g:yf{kgf / k'glg{df{0f bf]xf]/f] gkg]{ u/L ug'{kb{5 .
30. x]lnsf]K6/ ef8f – ljkb Joj:yfkg sf]ifsf] /sd ljkb Joj:yfkgdf afx]s cGo sfddf vr{ ug{ ldNb}g .
t/ pQm sfo{sf] /sd c:ktfn tyf SofDk; / lhNnf tyf Onfsf k|zf;g sfof{no pb\3f6gsf ;fy}
lgjf{rg ;'/Iff uf]i7Ldf ;xeflutf hgfpg x]lnsf]K6/ k|of]u u/L ?=*# nfv ^) xhf/ ef8f vr{ n]v]sf]
5 . c;DalGwt sfo{df k|of]u ePsf] x]lnsf]K6/ ef8f ljkb /fxtsf] nflu lgsf;f ePsf] /sdaf6 e'QmfgL
ug'{ plrt b]lvPg . ljkb Joj:yfkg sf]ifsf] /sd ;DalGwt sfo{df dfq vr{ ug'{kb{5 .
31. sfo{ ;~rfng s]Gb| – ljkb k|ltsfo{ tyf p4f/sf nflu s]Gb|df u[x dGqfno, If]qdf If]qLo cfktsfnLg
sfo{;~rfng s]Gb| / lhNnfdf lhNnf cfktsfnLg sfo{;~rfng s]Gb|n] ;dGjo u/L sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .
dWodf~rn ljsf; If]qsf ( lhNnfdf k|fs[lts ljkbsf] a]nf cfktsfnLg /fxt ;fdu|L cfk"lt{ ug]{ p2]Zon]
dsjfgk'/sf] x]6f}8fdf If]qLo k|zf;g sfof{no dftxt If]qLo cfktsfnLg s]Gb| @)&! df :yfkgf eO{
;~rfngdf /x]sf] 5 . s]Gb|df k|fs[lts ljkbsf] a]nf cfjZos kg]{ /fxt tyf p4f/ ;fdu|Lx? e08f/0f u/]sf]
5 . s]Gb|df k|fKt lhG;L dfn;fdfgsf] ljj/0f / d"No;d]t v'nfO{ lhG;L lstfadf cfDbfgL afFwL ;|]:tf v8f
u/L cBfjlws lhG;L clen]v g/fv]sf], lhG;L ;fdfgsf] k|s[lt / k|of]hgcg'?k juL{s/0f u/L ;f]xLcg'?k
cfjZos :yfg Joj:yf u/L e08f/0f gu/]sf] tyf ;fdfg ljt/0fsf] nflu dfu kmf/fd k|of]u gu/]sf] cj:yf
5 . sd{rf/L Ifdtf j[l4 u/L lhG;L nut cBfjlws u/L ;+/If0fsf] plrt Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .

u[x dGqfno
cGo ;+:yf
sNof0f sf]if tyf sNof0fsf/L ;]jf s]Gb|
32. Jofj;flos lqmofsnfk – g]kfn k|x/L lgodfjnL, @)&@ sf] lgod !($-3_ df sNof0f sf]if ;~rfngsf
nflu cfjZos hgzlQm lgo'lQm ug{] / kfl/>lds tf]Sg] pNn]v 5 . sf]if dftxt ;~rfngdf /x]sf $
k]6«f]n kDkdf k|x/L lg/LIfs;lxt jflif{s ?=(# nfv $@ xhf/ tna vr{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] Joxf]g]{ u/L $%
k|x/L sd{rf/L kl/rfng u/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L ;z:q k|x/L an g]kfn, sNof0fsf/L ;]jf s]Gb|sf]
;~rfng;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)^^ sf] kl/R5]b & df cfly{s Joj:yfkgsf ;DaGwdf pNn]v eP klg
sd{rf/L kl/rfngsf ;DaGwdf pNn]v ePsf] 5}g . sf]if dftxt ;~rfngdf /x]sf # k]6«f]n kDkdf
;xfos k|x/L lg/LIfs;lxt $$ ;z:q k|x/L sd{rf/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;|f]taf6 jflif{s ?=! s/f]8 * nfv
@@ xhf/ tna e'QmfgL x'g] u/L kl/rfng u/]sf] kfOof] . 5'§} cl:tTj;lxt btf{ ePsf] ;+:yfdf sfo{/t
sd{rf/Lsf] tna tyf kfl/>lds g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;|f]taf6 e'QmfgL ug'{ plrt b]lvPg . Jofj;flos
lqmofsnfk ;~rfng ug{ 5'§} Joj:yf u/L cfGtl/s ;|f]taf6 vr{ Joj:yfkg ug'{kb{5 .
cg'udg / a]?h"
• cg'udg – ut ljutsf] k|ltj]bgdf /fli6«o kl/rokq ljt/0f sfo{ x'g g;s]sf], lgdf{0f sfo{ ;dodf
;DkGg gePsf], ;f]e}m vl/b u/]sf], 6'qmf nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/]sf] nufotsf Joxf]/f cf}FNofOPsf]df of] jif{
klg ;'wf/ gePsf]n] ljutsf Joxf]/f k'g/fj[lQ gx'g] u/L sfo{;Dkfbg ug'{kb{5 .
• a]?h" l:ylt – of] jif{ dGqfno / dftxt;d]tsf lgsfosf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] a]?h"sf] l:ylt
b]xfocg';f/ 5M
➢ ;/sf/L sfof{notk{m @#) lgsfodf ?=! ca{ !^ s/f]8 &* nfv *@ xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes
k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fPkl5 ?=@ s/f]8 ^* nfv @# xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=! ca{ !$ s/f]8 !) nfv
%( xhf/ afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=! ca{ ^ s/f]8 @) nfv $& xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 .
o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL !% df 5 .
➢ cGo ;+:yf @ tk{m ?=$% s/f]8 $* nfv $ xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df k|ltlqmofaf6 ?=# s/f]8 !# nfv
(* xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=$@ s/f]8 #$ nfv ^ xhf/ afFxL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=@( s/f]8 &$ nfv
@@ xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL !^ df 5 .

k//fi6« dGqfno
dGqfnosf] sfo{If]qdf g]kfnsf] k//fi6« gLlt of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf] th'{df, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg,
ljb]zL /fi6«x?aLr ;DaGw :yfkgf, g]kfn;DaGwL k|rf/–k|;f/, /fxbfgL tyf le;f, lzi6frf/, s"6gLlts ;+/If0f
tyf pGd'lQm, ljb]zl:yt g]kfnL gful/ssf] xs, lxt ;+/If0f, cfly{s s"6gLlt / jfl0fHob"t;DaGwL cEof;,
s"6gLlts txdf x'g] jftf{ / ;Demf}tfnufotsf sfo{ /x]sf 5g\ . dGqfno;d]t $% lgsfoaf6 ;]jf k|jfx x'Fb}
cfPsf] 5 .
dGqfno / dftxt lgsfosf] of] jif{ ljlgof]hg ?=$ ca{ %@ s/f]8 %) nfv, /fh:j ?=# ca{ ^&
s/f]8 #( nfv, w/f}6L ?=(# nfv / cGo sf/f]af/ ?=@ ca{ $^ s/f]8 *# nfv;d]t ?=!) ca{ ^& s/f]8 ^%
nfvsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;f] sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
1. ljQLo k|ltj]bg – dGqfnon] of] jif{ #( lgof]usf] ljlgof]hg tyf /fh:jsf] s]Gb|Lo cfly{s ljj/0f
tof/ u/]sf] 5 . lgof]ux?sf] ljQLo ljj/0f ;DaGwdf b]xfoadf]lhd b]lvPsf] 5M
1.1 sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] k|dfl0ft u/]sf] cfly{s ljj/0fcg';f/ of] jif{ lgof]ux?sf nflu ?=#
ca{ (& s/f]8 $@ nfv lgsf;f tyf vr{ b]vfPsf]df dGqfnon] tof/ u/]sf] cfly{s ljj/0fn] ?=# ca{
(& s/f]8 $* nfv lgsf;f / ?=# ca{ %$ s/f]8 %( nfv vr{ b]vfPsf] 5 . lgof]ux?df lgsf;faf6
afFsL /x]sf] /sd;d]t sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] vr{ hgfPsf]n] ?=$@ s/f]8 *# nfv a9L
vr{ b]vfOPsf] 5 . sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] lgof]ux?df lgsf;f afFsL /sd olsg u/L
cfly{s ljj/0f k|dfl0ft ug'{kb{5 .
1.2 cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod ## df cfly{s jif{sf] cGTo;Dddf vr{ geO{ afFsL /x]sf]
ah]6 ;l~rtsf]if bflvnf x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . b"tfjf;x?sf] lgsf;faf6 vr{ geO{ jiff{Gtdf afFsL
/x]sf] /sd k//fi6« dGqfnon] cfufdL jif{sf] lgsf;fdf s6fO{ /fh:j bflvnf ug]{ u/]sf] 5 .
b"tfjf;x?sf] cfly{s ljj/0fcg';f/ of] jif{ #( lgof]usf] rfn' / k'FhLutdf lgsf;fdWo] vr{ geO{
afFsL /sddWo] * lgof]usf] ?= !@ s/f]8 #! nfv ^% xhf/ lk|mh s6fO{ /fh:j bflvnf ePsf] 5}g .
o;}u/L g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf; 9fsfsf] @)&#.&$ sf] lk|mh /sd ?=# s/f]8 &# nfv %% xhf/;d]t
xfn;Dd /fh:j bflvnf ePsf] 5}g . pQm /sd;d]t /fh:j bflvnf x'g'kb{5 .
1.3 dGqfnon] tof/ u/]sf] /fh:jsf] s]Gb|Lo cfly{s ljj/0fcg';f/ lgof]ux?n] /fxbfgL z'Nsafkt ?=##
s/f]8 &) nfv / k|j]zf1f z'Nsafkt ?= ^@ s/f]8 #^ nfv;d]t ?=(^ s/f]8 ^ nfv /fh:j ;Íng
u/]sf] b]lvG5 . t/ lgof]ux?n] df:s]jf/L / cfly{s ljj/0f g]kfnL d'b|fdf tof/ gu/]sf] / dGqfnon]
PsLs[t cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ ubf{ lgof]uut ?kdf /fh:j cfDbfgL, bflvnf / gub afFsLsf] clen]v
tof/ gu/]sf]n] /fh:jsf] lx;fa le8fg ug{ ;Sg] l:ylt /x]g . ut jif{sf] k|ltj]bgdf lgof]ux?sf]
cfly{s ljj/0fn] /fh:jsf] oyfy{ cj:yf lrq0f gu/]sf]n] ug'{kg]{ ;'emfj cf}FNofPsf]df ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog
u/]sf] kfOPg .
1.4 cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf !@ df g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt x'g] /fh:j sfof{nodf k|fKt eP
kl5 tf]lsPadf]lhd a}Í bflvnf ug'{kb{5 . ljb]zl:yt lgof]ux?n] k|fKt u/]sf] /fh:j tTsfnsf] nflu
:yfgLo a}Ídf 5'§} vftf vf]nL /fv]sf] eP klg pQm /sd ;l~rtsf]if blvnf ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu
k//fi6« dGqfnodf k7fpg] jf lgof]udf hfg] lgsf;fdf s§f u/L dGqfnon] /fh:j bflvnf ug'{kg]{df
cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] ^ dlxgf;Dd klg #) lgof]un] ut jif{ p7fPsf] /fh:jdWo] ?=## s/f]8 *&
nfv lgof]ul:yt :yfgLo a}Ídf df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 . pQm /sd /fh:j bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
1.5 dGqfnon] lgof]ux?nfO{ rfn' tyf k'FhLut /sd rf}dfl;s ?kdf lgsf;f lbFbf tTsfnsf] ljlgdo b/n]
lgsf;f ug]{ / jiff{Gtdf df}Hbft /xFbf lgsf;f k7fpFbfsf] b/ 36a9 x'g] sf/0fn] cfly{s ljj/0fn]
b]vfPsf] df}Hbft / a}Í df}Hbftdf km/s kg{ hfG5 . pQm km/s /sdsf] lgof]ux?n] n]vfÍg ug]{ u/]sf
k//fi6« dGqfno
5}gg\ . of] jif{ ljlgdo b/df cfPsf] kl/jt{g / ljutsf df}Hbft cflb sf/0fn] @# lgof]usf] cfly{s
ljj/0fn] b]vfPsf] eGbf ?=! s/f]8 *% nfv a9L a}Í df}Hbft b]lvPsf]] 5 . pQm /sd /fh:j bflvnf
x'g'kb{5 .
2. cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod (^ df sfof{no k|d'vn] cfˆgf]
sfof{nosf ;a} sf/f]af/sf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 u/fpg'kg]{
Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ dGqfno dftxtsf #( lgof]ux?sf]
ljlgof]hg, /fh:j, w/f}6L / sfo{;~rfng sf]ifsf] of] jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 d'VotM ;dodf
cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf] b]lvPg . dGqfno O{–/fxbfgL hf/L ug'{kg]{, cfly{s s"6gLlt
dftxtsf lgof]usf] cfGtl/s lgoGq0f Joj:yf cGtu{t b]zut /0fgLlt tof/ u/L
;'lglZrttfsf] nflu cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg'kb{5 . k|efjsfl/tfsf] d"NofÍg ug'{kg]{, xjfO{
3. ;]jf ;'ljwf;DaGwL Joj:yf – dlGqkl/ifb\ Pj+ l6s6 vl/b ldtJooL x'g'kg]{, ;]jf
dGqfnosf] ;lrj:t/df k6s k6s lg0f{o u/L lgof]usf ;'ljwf;DaGwL sfg'g agfpg'kg]{, lgof]usf]
sd{rf/LnfO{ j}b]lzs eQf, kfl/jfl/s eQf, z}lIfs eQf, ;DklQsf] ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg ug'{kg]{,
;]6nd]G6 eQf, cf}iflw pkrf/, cfjf; ;'ljwf cflb s/ s§L u/L e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{, cj}tlgs
pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . dGqfnon] Ps} k|s[ltsf jfl0fHob"tsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg
ljifodf @)#! ;fnb]lv k6s k6s lg0f{o u/L cfly{s x'g'kg]{, sfg'gn] tf]s]eGbf a9L le;f z'Ns
;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o;af6 lgof]usf lng gx'g], k//fi6« dfldnf cWoog
sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf ;'ljwfdf c:ki6tf Pj+ vr{ clgolGqt k|lti7fg p2]Zocg'?k ;~rfng x'g'kg]{
eO{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] Jooef/ j[l4 x'Fb} uPsf]n] PsLs[t nufotsf Joxf]/f b]lvPsf]n] ;'wf/
?kdf sfg'g agfO{ vr{ ldtJooL ug'{kb{5 . o; ug'{kb{5 .
3.1 dlGqkl/ifb\sf] @)%!.@.@# sf] lg0f{on] lgof]usf sd{rf/Lsf] nflu 3/ ef8f ;'ljwf lbg] Joj:yf
u/]cg';f/ of] jif{ ?=&$ s/f]8 && nfv -rfn' vr{sf] @(=^@ k|ltzt_ sfof{no / sd{rf/Lsf] cfjf;sf]
nflu 3/ ef8f vr{ ePsf] 5 . sd{rf/L cfjf;sf] nflu lnOPsf] 3/df pknAw u/fPsf] ;'ljwf /
ef8f /sd;DaGwL dfkb08df ljljwtf b]lvPsf]n] dGqfnon] :ki6 dfkb08 ;lxtsf] gLlt agfO{
sfof{Gjog ug{ ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltn] @)^(.!.% df lgb]{zg lbPsf]df xfn;Dd sfof{Gjog ePsf]
5}g .
3.2 ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod ($-!)_ df 3/ ef8fsf] b//]6df j[l4 ug'{ k/]df cy{
dGqfnosf] ;xdlt lng'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf; sf]nDaf], a]OlhË, cf]dfg, t]nclee /
g]kfnL dxfjfl0fHob"tfjf; xªsË / UjfGhfcf]n] cy{ dGqfnosf] ;xdlta]u/ of] jif{ 3/ ef8f j[l¢ u/L
?=^% nfv (% xhf/ yk vr{ n]v]sf 5g\ . lgodfjnL ljk/Lt 3/ ef8f j[l4 u/L e'QmfgL ePsf]
lgoldt b]lvPg .
3.3 lgof]un] 3/ ef8f ;Demf}tf ubf{ ! dlxgfb]lv # dlxgf;Ddsf] /sd ;]So'l/6L afkt l8kf]lh6 /fv]sf]
x'G5 / 3/ vfnL ubf{ 3/ 5f8\g nfUg] dd{t u/L afFsL /sd lkmtf{ lng'kb{5 . t/ lgof]ux?n] 3/sf]
;]So'l/6L afkt l8kf]lh6 /fv]sf] /sdsf] clen]v Jojl:yt ?kdf /fv]sf] 5}g . dGqfnon] s]Gb|Lo
cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ ubf{ ut ljutb]lv xfn;Ddsf] ;]So'l/6L l8kf]lh6sf] cj:yf b]lvg] ljj/0f k]z
ug'{kg]{df ;f] ljj/0f k]; u/]sf] 5}g . ;]So'l/6L l8kf]lh6sf] nut dGqfno / lgof]u b'j}n] cBfjlws
u/L /fVg'kb{5 . lgof]un] ;Demf}tf cjlw kZrft\ 3/ 5fl8;s]kl5 ;Demf}tfadf]lhd ;]So'l/6L l8kf]lh6
lkmtf{ lng'kg]{df ;|]:tf;fy ;+nUg ljj/0fcg';f/ g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf; dn]l;of, 8]gdfs{, :yfoL lgof]u
Go'of]s{ / g]kfnL dxfjfl0fHob"tfjf; xªsËn] /fv]sf] ?=*^ nfv ^* xhf/ lkmtf{ u/]sf] kfOPg . pQm
/sd ;DalGwtaf6 lkmtf{ lnO{ /fh:j bflvnf x'g'kb{5 .
3.4 g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf; ca'wfaLdf @)&# j}zfvb]lv / SjfnfnDk'/df @)&$ kmfNu'0fb]lv /fhb"t kb l/Qm
/x]sf] 5 . nfdf] ;do /fhb"t kb l/Qm /xFbf ;d]t tL /fhb"tfjf;x?n] /fhb"t lgjf;sf] nflu ef8fdf

k//fi6« dGqfno
3/ lnO{ ef8f e'QmfgL ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . ca'wfaLn] @)&# j}zfvb]lv @)&% df3;Ddsf] ef8f ^ nfv
($ xhf/ lb/xfdsf] x'g] ?=@ s/f]8 ! nfv @^ xhf/ / SjfnfnDk'/n] @)&$ kmfNu'0fb]lv @)&%
df3;Ddsf] ef8f @ nfv $ xhf/ l/lË6sf] x'g] ?=%% nfv * xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . dGqfno tyf
lgof]un] ;dod} pko'Qm lg0f{o ug{ g;Sbf k|of]udf gcfPsf] 3/sf] ef8fafkt ?=@ s/f]8 %^ nfv #$
xhf/ e'QmfgL eO{ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ yk Jooef/ kg{ uPsf] 5 .
3.5 g]kfn ;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\sf] @)%!.@.@# sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ljb]zl:yt lgof]udf ;?jf eO{ hfg] lgof]u
k|d'vafx]s cGo sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ 3/fo;L ;fdfg vl/b / 9'jfgL ug{ ! dlxgfsf] j}b]lzs
eQf a/fa/sf] Psd'i6 /sd ;]6nd]G6 eQf lbOg] pNn]v 5 . of] jif{ ljleGg !* lgof]usf ##
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;?jf eO{ hfFbf ?= &@ nfv () xhf/ ;]6nd]G6 eQfafkt e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . o;afx]s
lgof]udf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] nflu kmlg{r/;lxtsf] 3/ ef8fdf lnOg], clwsf+z lgof]ux?df sd{rf/L
;?jf eO{ cfO;s]kl5 cfjZostfg';f/ cfjf;sf] nflu kmlg{r/, lsrgsf ;fdfg, lk|mh, jflzË d]l;g,
6]lnlehgnufotsf ;fdfg sfof{noaf6 vl/b u/L e'QmfgL ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . sd{rf/Lsf] cfjf;
Joj:yfkg;DaGwL Pp6} k|of]hgdf bf]xf]/f] vr{ ePsf] b]lvPsf] xF'bf bf]xf]/f] vr{ x'g] cj:yfdf lgoGq0f
x'g'kb{5 .
3.6 g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\sf] @)%!.@.@# sf] lg0f{on] lgof]u k|d'vnufot cGo sd{rf/L lgof]udf
a;'Gh]n lghsf kl/jf/sf cfl>t ;b:ox?dWo] lgof]u k|d'vnufot cGo sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] cf–cfˆgf]
tna / j}b]lzs eQfsf] lghsf] klt jf kTgLnfO{ !% k|ltzt, hgxL @ aRrfnfO{ !)÷!) k|ltzt /
cfk"mn] kfNg'kg]{ cfdf jf afa'dWo] PsnfO{ % k|ltzt kfl/jfl/s eQf kfpg] pNn]v 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
@)&!.!@.@( sf] lg0f{on] kl/jf/ ;fydf g/x]sf] cj:yfdf kfl/jfl/s eQf gkfpg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .
;f]xL lg0f{odf rLgsf] :jzfl;t If]q ltAatl:yt g]kfnL dxfjfl0fHob"tfjf; / ;fpbL c/al:yt g]kfnL
lgof]ux?df sfo{/t s"6gLlts sd{rf/Lx?sf] xsdf k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nosf] ;lrjsf]
;+of]hsTjdf cy{ / k//fi6« dGqfnosf ;lrjx? /x]sf] pk;ldltn] pko'Qm ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{ cWoog
u/L k|ltj]bg k]; ug]{ dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o ePsf] $ jif{ JotLt eO;Sbf ;d]t pQm pk;ldltn]
;'emfj k]; u/]sf] 5}g . kl/jf/ ;fydf /x]sf] k'i6\ofOF gePsf] cj:yfdf kfl/jfl/s eQf gkfpg]
Joj:yf sfof{Gjog ug{ u/fpg dGqfnon] cg'udgsf] ;+oGq tof/ u/L k|efjsf/L cg'udg ug'{kb{5 .
3.7 ljb]zl:yt lgof]udf sd{rf/L sfo{/t /xFbf lghsf] sfo{ Ifdtf / dgf]an clej[l4 xf];\ eGg] p2]Zosf
;fy g]kfn ;/sf/n] kl/jf/ ;fydf nu]afkt kl/jf/sf] hLjg lgjf{x ug{ kfl/jfl/s eQf pknAw
u/fPsf] b]lvG5 . ljb]zl:yt sltko b]zdf s"6g}lts sd{rf/Lsf kl/jf/n] ;DalGwt b]zdf /f]huf/L
ug]{ hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf] 5 . sd{rf/Lsf kl/jf/n] tL b]zdf /f]huf/L ubf{ lgof]usf] sd{rf/Ln] sfof{no
;doleq 3/fo;L sfddf ;do vr{g'kg]{ cj:yfn] ;]jfk|jfxdf k/]sf] c;/sf ;DjGwdf dGqfnosf]
Wofg hfg'kb{5 .
3.8 g]kfn ;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\sf] @)%!.@.@# sf] lg0f{odf lgof]u k|d'vn] @ hgf / cGo /fhkqflÍt
sd{rf/Ln] Ps hgf …lghL sfdbf/Ú cfk"m axfn /x]sf] lgof]udf n}hfg / Nofpg kfpg] Joj:yf 5 .
lgof]u k|d'vn] nu]sf] lghL sfdbf/sf] xsdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]adf]lhd tna eQf lbOg] pNn]v 5 .
cGo /fhkqflÍt sd{rf/Ln] nfg] lghL sfdbf/sf] xsdf lgof]udf hfFbf / kms{+bf xjfO{ l6s6, le;f
vr{ / lgof]udf /xFbfsf] :jf:Yo pkrf/ vr{ e'QmfgL x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] pQm
lg0f{ocg';f/ ;a} lgof]udf vl6g] /fhkqflÍt sd{rf/Ln] lghL sfdbf/ nfg] / Nofpg] u/]sf] kfOG5 .
sltko lgof]usf] k/LIf0f ubf{ lghL sfdbf/sf] ?kdf nu]sf sfdbf/ JolQmut ?kdf cGoq} /f]huf/L
ug]{ / n}hfg] clwsf/Lsf] lgu/fgL / lgoGq0fdf g/x]sf] hfgsf/L x'g cfof] . o;n] ubf{ k|fKt ;'ljwfsf]
p2]Zocg';f/ ;b'kof]u ePsf] b]lvPg . dGqfnon] cab]lv lghL sfdbf/nfO{ ljz]if /fxbfgL pknAw
u/fpg] / lgof]u k|d'v, clws[t sd{rf/L lkmtf{ cfpFbf sfdbf/ klg lkmtf{ NofO{ lghsf] /fxbfgL lkmtf{
a'emfpg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf] 5 .
3.9 g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\sf] @)%!.@.@# sf] lg0f{on] :yfgLo sd{rf/Lafx]s lgof]u k|d'v, cGo
sd{rf/L / lghsf cfl>t kl/jf/ tyf lghL sfdbf/sf] :jf:Yo aLdf / aLdsn] cfk}mn] ltg'{kg]{ z'Ns
k//fi6« dGqfno
jf sld;g s]xL ePdf ;f];d]t nfUg] ;Dk"0f{ /sd g]kfn ;/sf/n] Joxf]g]{ pNn]v 5 . aLdf x'g g;Sg]
ePdf dGqfnosf] k"j{:jLs[lt lnO{ :jf:Yof]krf/ u/fOPsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] :jf:Yof]krf/df nfu]sf] vr{
/sd g]kfn ;/sf/n] Joxf]g]{ pNn]v 5 . of] jif{ s"6g}lts lgof]un] lgof]u k|d'v, s"6gLlts sd{rf/L /
cfl>t kl/jf/ / lghL sfdbf/sf] pkrf/ vr{df ?=!* s/f]8 ^$ nfv *( xhf/ vr{ n]v]sf] 5 . aLdf
ubf{ ;DalGwt b]zdf pkrf/ ug]{ u/L :jf:Yo aLdf ug'{kg]{df ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] nflu :yfoL lgof]u,
h]g]ef / g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf;, cf]dgn] ljZjJofkL] x'g] u/L :jf:Yo aLdf u/]sf] 5 eg] g]kfnL
/fhb"tfjf; a|;]N;n] cd]l/sf afx]s cGoq se/ x'g] u/L :jf:Yo aLdf u/]sf] kfOof] . h'g b]zdf
sd{rf/L sfo{/t /xg] xf] ToxL b]zsf] dfq cf}klw pkrf/ se/ ug]{ u/L aLdf ug'{kg]{df ljZjJofkL
x'g] u/L aLdf ugf{n] aLdf lk|ldod b/df k/]sf] c;/ ;DaGwdf dGqfnon] Wofg lbPsf] kfOPg .
ldtJooL tl/sfn] :jf:Yo aLdf u/]÷gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf dGqfnon] e/kbf]{ cg'udg ug'{kb{5 .
3.10 ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #! df aL; nfv ?k}ofFeGbf a9Lsf] ;fdfg jf ;]jf vl/b
ubf{ af]nkqsf] dfWodaf6 ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . o;}u/L ljb]zl:yt lgof]usf] ;fj{hlgs vl/b sfo{ljlw,
@)&# df ;d]t ;fdfg vl/bdf & xhf/ cd]l/sL 8n/ / ;]jf vl/bdf % xhf/ cd]l/sL 8n/;Dd
dfq ;f]e}m vl/b ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ !( ljb]zl:yt lgof]un] s'g} k|lt:kwf{ a]u/ lgof]usf
sd{rf/L / lghsf cfl>t kl/jf/sf] :jf:Yo aLdf u/L aLdf sDkgLnfO{ ?=!# s/f]8 $( nfv e'QmfgL
u/]sf] 5 . dGqfnon] g]kfnsf aLdf sDkgL;Fu klg cfjZos 5nkmn u/L k|lt:kwf{Tds tj/n]
:jf:Yo aLdf ug]{ Joj:yf u/fpg'kb{5 .
4. e|d0f vr{ – ljb]zl:yt g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf;sf s"6gLlts sd{rf/Lx? b"tfjf;sf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf
sfo{/t /x]sf] d'n'ssf] cfGtl/s e|d0f ubf{ tyf ;f] d'n'saf6 cGo d'n'ssf] e|d0f ubf{ e|d0f vr{
lgodfjnL, @)^$ adf]lhd b}lgs eQf / ;DalGwt d'n'sdf kfpg] ## k|ltzt yk ;d]t u/L b}lgs
eQf e'QmfgL x'g] u/]sf] 5 . of] jif{ sd{rf/Lx?sf] e|d0f vr{df ?=$ s/f]8 !% nfv (! xhf/ vr{
ePsf] 5 . /fhb"tfjf;sf s"6gLlts sd{rf/LnfO{ ;DalGwt d'n'sdf dfl;s j}b]lzs eQf e'QmfgL lbg]
u/]sf] 5 . j}b]lzs eQf;d]t kfpg] s"6gLlts sd{rf/Lx?n] sfo{/t / sfo{If]qcGtu{tsf d'n'ssf]
cfGtl/s e|d0fdf sfh vFl6bfsf] cjlwdf b}lgs eQf e'QmfgL ug]{ ;DjGwdf cfjZos gLltut Joj:yf
x'g'kb{5 . cGoyf k|rlnt e|d0f vr{ lgodfjnL cg';f/ bf]xf]/f] x'g] u/L b}lgs eQf lbg ldNb}g .
5. ;DklQ vl/b tyf Joj:yfkg – ljb]zl:yt #( lgof]udWo] ( /fhb"tfjf; sfof{no / !! /fhb"t
lgjf;dfq cfˆgf] 3/ jf lnhdf / afFsLn] 3/ ef8fdf lnPsf] 5 . lgof]ux?sf] nflu qmdzM 3/ vl/b
ub}{ hfg] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLltcg'?k of] jif{ ejg vl/b / ejg lgdf{0fsf]] nflu ?=@ ca{ !^ s/f]8
** nfv ah]6 ljlgof]hg ePsf]df g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf; jflzË6gn] ?=&& s/f]8 #& nfvdf ejg
vl/b / g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf; gofF lbNnLn] ?=@ s/f]8 &@ nfvdf ejg agfpg vr{ u/]sf] kfOof] . o;
;DaGwdf b]lvPsf cGo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
5.1 lgof]ux?sf] 3/ ef8f vr{ @)&).&! df ?=$$ s/f]8, @)&!.&@ df ?=%& s/f]8, @)&@.&# df ?=^%
s/f]8, @)&#.&$ df ?=^* s/f]8 %^ nfv / @)&$.&% df &$ s/f]8 && nfv ePsf]n] 3/ ef8f vr{
k|To]s jif{ al9/x]sf] 5 . 3/ lgdf{0f ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu ljutdf SjfnfnDk'/, sf]nDaf] / O:nfdfjfbdf
vl/b ul/Psf hUuf;d]t k|of]uljxLg cj:yfdf /x]sf 5g\ . ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu ljlgof]lht /sd
tf]lsPsf] cfjZos sfo{df k|of]u gubf{ ;|f]tsf] ;b'kof]u gx'g], k6s k6s ah]6 Joj:yf ug'{kg]{,
;doqmdcg';f/ 3/hUufsf] d"No a9\b} hfg] x'gfn] nfut a9\g] cj:yf 5 . o; ;DaGwdf dGqfnon]
Wofg lbg ;s]sf] kfOPg .
5.2 hd{gL PsLs/0f cl3 klZrd hd{gLsf] af]gdf /x]sf] g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf; ;g\ @))) df aln{gdf
;/]sf]df ;g\ @))) kZrft\ jf]gl:yt g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] @ j6f 3/ / ;f] 3/n] rr]{sf]
@,*$^ ju{ld6/ hUuf k|of]uljxLg cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/L ;DklQsf] plrt ;+/If0f u/L pkof]u
x'g'kb{5 egL ljut jif{df pNn]v ePsf]df !* jif{ JotLt eO;Sbf ;d]t s'g} lg0f{o ePsf] b]lvPg .
pQm 3/sf] kfnf] kx/f ljB't / kfgLafkt of] jif{ o''/f] *,##@ vr{ ePsf] 5 . k|of]uljxLg 3/ hUufdf

k//fi6« dGqfno
/fHon] k|To]s jif{ cf};t ?=* nfvn] !* jif{df ?=! s/f]8 $$ nfveGbf a9L vr{ eO;s]sf] 5 . pQm
;DklQsf] oyfzL3| Joj:yfkg ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
5.3 g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf;, Sofga]/fn] of] jif{ (( jif{sf] lnhdf ^,!(* ju{ld6/ hUuf !@ nfv ci6«]lnog
8n/df vl/b u/]sf] 5 . hUuf vl/bsf] lnh ;Demf}tf sf] bkmf #-!_ df lnhdf lnPsf] ;f] hUufdf
!* dlxgfleq ejg lgdf{0f ug{ z'? u/L #^ dlxgfleq lgdf{0f ;DkGg ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . hUuf
vl/bsf] !) dlxgf lalt;Sbf ;d]t ejgsf] 8«Oª l8hfOg tof/ ug]{ sfo{ cufl8 a9]sf] 5}g . lnhdf
tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq} ejg lgdf{0f ug{ dGqfnon] Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
5.4 g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf;, jflzË6gnfO{ of] jif{ ejg vl/bsf] nflu ?=*% s/f]8 ljlgof]hg ePsf]df
lgof]un] ejg vl/bsf] nflu cd]l/sL 8n/ &* nfv !% xhf/sf] nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t u/]sf] 5 .
nfut cg'dfg tyf lgof]un] :jLs[t u/]sf] :k]l;lkms];g;Fu d]n vfg] k|fKt # k|:tfjdWo] lgof]un] sd
d"No / a9L If]qkmn ePsf] !) xhf/ !%) ju{lkm6df ag]sf] ejg / ;f] kl/;/df /x]sf] )=(# Ps8
hldg cd]l/sL 8n/ ^* nfvdf vl/b u/]sf] 5 . vl/b u/]sf] ejg / ;f] kl/;/df /x]sf] hldg tyf
k'/fgf @ ejg;d]t # ejg / pknAw hldg /fhb"t lgjf;, cGo sd{rf/L lgjf; / sfof{no
;~rfngdf k"0f{ pkof]u u/L sd{rf/Lsf] cfjf;df ca pk|fGt 3/ ef8fafkt x'g] vr{ s6f}tL ug'{kb{5 .
6. s/ – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf * df JolQmut k|of]hgsf nflu ePsf] vr{sf] zf]wegf{afkt k|fKt
u/]sf] /sdnfO{ cfodf ;dfj]z u/L /f]huf/Lsf] cfo dfgL s/ u0fgf ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . dGqfnon]
lgof]udf sfo{sfn ;dfKt u/L kms{g] kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ 9'jfgL vr{afkt zf]wegf{sf]
e'QmfgL ubf{ ;f] /sdnfO{ cfodf ;dfj]z u/]sf] kfOPg . jif{el/df k|fKt u/]sf] /sddf 9'jfgL afkt
k|fKt /sd;d]t hf]8L s/ s§L u/L e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{df dGqfnon] s/ s§L gu/L e'QmfgL u/]sf]n] ;f]
cg'?k of] jif{ @( sd{rf/L tyf kbflwsf/LnfO{ 9'jfgL vr{afkt e'QmfgL ePsf] ?=! s/f]8 !) nfv
%* xhf/nfO{ cfodf ;dfj]z u/L ;f]afkt nfUg] s/ ?=@^ nfv ## xhf/ c;'n u/L /fh:j bflvnf
ug'{kb{5 .
7. cfly{s s"6gLlt sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog – rf}wf}+ cfjlws of]hgfcg';f/ Jofkf/, nufgL, ko{6g tyf
/f]huf/L k|j4{g ug{ cGt/f{li6«o, If]qLo / låkIfLo ;DaGw ;'b[9 ug{' cfly{s s"6gLlts p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 .
pSt p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu ljleGg lqmofsnfkx? th'{df u/]sf] 5 . of] jif{ ;/sf/n] g]kfnsf] cfly{s
l{jsf;df afXo ;xfotf Pj+ k|ToIf j}b]lzs nufgL a9fpg / cGt/fl{i6«o Jofkf/ k|j4{g ug{ cfly{s
tyf ljsf; s"6gLlt kl/rfng ug]{ gLlt lnPsf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] -sfo{ ljefhg_
lgodfjnLcg';f/ cfly{s s"6gLlt k|j4{g ug]{ lhDd]jf/L k//fi6« dGqfnosf] /x]sf] 5 . dGqfnon]
lgof]ux?dfkm{t sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/L lgof{t k|j4{g, nufgL ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf, wfld{s / ;f+:s[lts,
ko{6g k|j4{g, /f]huf/Lsf] gofF ;Defjgfx?sf] klxrfg ug]{, ko{6g k|j4{g;DaGwL sfo{qmd / g]kfnL
8fo:kf]/fsf] kl/rfng ug]{ sfo{qmd to u/L ?=* s/f]8 #) nfv vr{ u/]sf] 5 .
g]kfnn] ;+:yfut ?kdf cfly{s s"6gLlt sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sf] b'O{ bzs lalt;s]sf] 5 .
xfn #( lgof]udfk{mt of] sfo{qmd ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . kl5Nnf] % jif{df cfly{s s"6gLlts
sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]afkt lgof]ux?n] ?=#@ s/f]8 &% nfv vr{ u/]sf 5g\ . cfly{s lqmofsnfksf]
bfo/f j[l4cg';f/ cfly{s s"6gLlt kl/rfng ug{ g;Sg' / k|To]s jif{ ah]6 a9\b} uP klg cfly{s
s"6gLltdf /x]sf cj;/x? klxrfg u/L o;nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg'kg]{ k|d'v r'gf}tL /x]sf] 5 .
k//fi6« dGqfnon] tof/ u/]sf] cfly{s s"6gLlt sfo{qmd lgb]{lzsfdf s"6gLltnfO{ s;/L
cfly{s ;d[l4tkm{ n}hfg] eGg] dfkgof]Uo /0fgLlt tyf sfo{gLlt pNn]v u/]sf] 5}g . cfly{s
s"6gLltnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg lgof]u cjl:yt d'n'ssf] j:t'l:ylt cg'?k x'g] u/L sfof{Gjog ug{
;lsg] vfnsf b]zut /0fgLlt lgdf{0f u/L ;f]xLadf]lhd sfo{of]hgf agfO{ nfu" ug'{kb{5 . g]kfnL
8fo;kf]/fsf] clwstd kl/rfng u/L u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnLsf] 1fg, ;Lk / k'FhLnfO{ b]z ljsf;df k|of]u
ug{ ;Sg'kb{5 . o;sf] cnfjf ko{6g af]8{, Jofkf/ k|j4{g s]Gb|, j}b]lzs /f]huf/ k|j4{g af]8{;d]tn]
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ dGqfnodfk{mt lgof]ux?df ah]6 k7fpg] u/]sf 5g\ . ctM cfly{s s"6gLltsf]
p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ lqmofzLn ;a} lgsfox? ko{6g Pj+ ;+:s[lt dGqfno, pBf]u jfl0fHo dGqfno, cy{
k//fi6« dGqfno
dGqfno, g]kfn ko{6g af]8{, j}b]lzs /f]huf/ ljefunufot cGo ;Da4 lgsfoaLrsf] ;dGjodf
PsLs[t sfo{qmd th'{df Pj+ sfof{Gjog u/L PsLs[t k|ult Pj+ pknlAwsf] ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ Joj:yf
ldnfpg'kb{5 .
8. l6s6 vl/b – dGqfnon] ljlzi6 kbflwsf/L Pj+ sd{rf/Lsf] j}b]lzs e|d0fsf nflu cfjZos hxfh
l6s6 vl/b ug{ af]nkqsf] dfWodaf6 Ps 6«fen Ph]G;L;Fu ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . af]nkq cfXjfg ubf{
e|d0f ug'{kg]{ ;a} uGtJo klxrfg gu/]sf] Pj+ s'g} Ps uGtJodf e|d0f ug{ 6«flGh6;d]t pNn]v u/L
af]nkq u/]sf] 5 . dGqfnon] of] jif{ uGtJo klxrfg eO{ af]nkqdf plNnlvt 6«flGh6eGbf csf]{
6«flGh6 k|of]u u/L e|d0f u/]sf &( kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L Pj+ cfl>t kl/jf/nfO{ af]nkqadf]lhsf]
b/eGbf a9L b/sf] l6s6 lnO{ yk Jooef/ kf/]sf] 5 . af]nkq cfXjfg ubf{ ;a} uGtJosf] klxrfg u/L
h'g;'s} ?6af6 e|d0f eP tfklg tf]lsPsf] uGtJosf nflu ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt b/eGbf a9L e'QmfgL
gx'g] Joj:yf ldnfpg ut jif{ ;d]t dGqfnosf] Wofgfsif{0f ul/Psf]df of] jif{ klg k'g/fj[lQ ePsf] 5 .
9. yk Jooef/ – e|d0f vr{ lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod $ df e|d0f lskmfotL x'g'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . t/
dGqfnon] e|d0fsf] sfo{qmd lglZrt u/L xjfO{ l6s6 pknAw u/fO;s]kl5 ljleGg lg0f{oaf6 ofqf /2
x'g], ldlt kl/jt{g ug]{, ?6 kl/jt{g ug]{ cflb sf/0fn] ;dodf ofqf x'g g;sL l6s6 /2 u/]sf]
sf/0fn] of] jif{ ?=&* nfv cgfjZos Jooef/ k/]sf] 5 . dGqfno tyf ;Da4 kIfaf6 oyfy{
ofqftflnsf lglZrt gubf{ yk Jooef/ kg{ uPsf]n] clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt a]u/
ofqfsf] ?6 Pj+ ldlt kl/jt{g x'Fbf kg]{ Jooef/ dGqfnon] Joxf]g{ x'Fb}g .
10. cj}tlgs jfl0fHob"t – cj}tlgs jfl0fHob"t;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)#( adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/n]
cj}tlgs jfl0fHob"t lgo'lQm ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . lghx?sf] sfof{jlw $ jif{sf] x'g], sfo{ ;Gtf]ifhgs
gePdf h'g;'s} a]nf x6fpg ;Sg] / ;DalGwt /fhb"tsf] l;kmfl/;df $ jif{sf] csf]{ Ps cjlw yk
ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . dGqfnojf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ $ jif{sf] nflu lgo'lQm ePsf * b]zsf !)
hgf cj}tlgs jfl0fHob"tx?sf] sfo{sfn ;ls;s]kl5 klg lghx?sf] k'gM Dofb yk gu/L sfo{ ul//x]sf]
b]lvof] . kbfjlw ;dfKt eO{ sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] cfwf/df Dofb yk jf cjsfz ug'{kg]{df jiff}{+;Dd klg
Dofb yk gu/L lhDd]jf/Ldf /fVg' pko'Qm b]lvPg .
;f]xL lgodfjnLcg';f/ cj}tlgs jfl0fHob"tx?n] låkIfLo Jofkf/ k|j4{g ug{ j:t' Jofkf/sf
gofF If]q klxrfg u/L ;Da4 lgsfonfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg], g]kfnleq j}b]lzs nufgL a9fpg] sfo{ ug]{
nufotsf sfo{ k|d'v 5g\ . o;/L ;DalGwt /fhb"tn] cfly{s jif{sf] # dlxgfleq cj}tlgs
jfl0fHob"tx?sf] sfo{;Dkfbgsf] :t/ d"NofÍg u/L g]kfn ;/sf/df k7fpg'kg]{df clwsf+z b]zsf
/fhb"tn] ;f]cg';f/sf] d"NofÍg u/L k7fPsf] b]lvPg .
11. le;f z'Ns – cj}tlgs jfl0fHob"t ;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)#( sf] lgod & df /fhb"tfjf;n] lng] le;f
z'Nsdf cj}tlgs jfl0fHob"tx?n] @) k|ltzt yk u/L lng kfpg] Joj:yf 5 . o;/L lnOPsf] /sddf
lghn] sfo{;~rfng, Jofkf/ tyf ko{6g k|j4{gfTds sfo{df vr{ ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . t/
ci6«]lnofsf] /fhb"tfjf;cGtu{tsf ^ cj}tlgs jfl0fHob"tn] of] jif{ tf]lsPsf] z'Nsdf @) k|ltzteGbf
a9L ?=&& nfv le;f z'Ns lnPsf] b]lvof] . lgodn] tf]s]eGbf a9L ;]jf z'Ns ;]jfu|fxLaf6 lng ldNb}g .
12. j}b]lzs eQf – g]kfn ;/sf/sf] @)%!.!).@# sf] lg0f{odf k"j{:jLs[lt lnO{ dGqfnosf] af]nfj6 jf
labfdf g]kfn cfp|Fbf lgof]u k|d'v / cGo sd{rf/Lx?n] Ps cfly{s jif{sf] a9Ldf #) lbg;Ddsf] dfq
j}b]lzs eQf kfpg] pNn]v 5 . dGqfnon] pknAw u/fPsf] ljj/0fcg';f/ of] jif{ * lgof]usf !@
kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/L dGqfnosf] :jLs[ltdf labf, sfh, k/fdz{sf] nflu #) lbgeGbf a9L cjlwsf
nflu g]kfn cfPsf] b]lvof] . g]kfndf /x]sf] #) lbgeGbf a9L cjlwsf] ;d]t j}b]lzs eQf e'QmfgL
ePsf]n] a9L e'QmfgL ePsf] ?=@) nfv %@ xhf/ =c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
13. Ifltk"lt{ – ljb]zdf sfo{/t g]kfnLsf] d[To' kZrft\ ljb]zL ;/sf/ tyf sfdbf/ sDkgLaf6 k|fKt
Ifltk"lt{ ljb]zl:yt lgof]udfkm{t k|fKt ePcg';f/ dGqfnon] of] jif{ ?=&* s/f]8 ( nfv ;DalGwtnfO{
ljt/0f ug{ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf 8«fˆ6 k7fPsf] cfwf/df vr{ n]v]sf]] 5 . dGqfnon] lhNnf
k//fi6« dGqfno
k|zf;g sfof{nodf k7fPsf] /sd ;DalGwt d[tssf xsbf/n] k|fKt u/] gu/]sf]] dGqfnon] hfgsf/L
lng] u/]sf] b]lvPg . o;df dGqfnon] cg'udg ug'{kb{5 .
sG;'n/ ;]jf ljefu
14. l:6s/ lx;fa – ljb]zl:yt g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf;, dxfjfl0fHob"tfjf; / :yfoL lgof]ux?n] dfu u/]sf]
cfwf/df cWofudg ljefuaf6 ljleGg ;fOhsf le;f l:6s/ dfu u/L tL lgof]ux?nfO{ pknAw
u/fpg] u/]sf] kfOof] . ljefuaf6 pknAw ljj/0fcg';f/ of] jif{ @% lgof]ux?nfO{ !% lbgsf] ! nfv
!# xhf/ #)* j6f, #) lbgsf] #^ xhf/ %## j6f / () lbgsf] @@ xhf/ &** j6f le;f l:6s/
pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . o;/L pknA|w u/fOPsf l:6s/x? lgof]un] le;f z'Ns lnO{ cfk}mn] / cj}tlgs
jfl0fHob"tx?nfO{ k|bfg ug{ lbg] u/]sf]] kfOof] . cj}tlgs jfl0fHob"tn] k|bfg u/]sf] le;f
l:6s/cg';f/sf] /fh:j k|fKt eP gePsf] n]vf tyf clen]v /fVg'kg]{ bfloTj lgof]usf] eP tfklg
sltko lgof]usf] :ynut n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ cj}tlgs jfl0fHob"tx?n] nu]sf] le;f l:6s/sf] clen]v
lgof]udf /fv]sf] ;d]t kfOPg . ljefun] lgof]udfk{mt l:6s/sf] jflif{s clen]v dufO{ ljj/0f
cBfjlws ug'{kb{5 .
k//fi6« dfldnf cWoog k|lti7fg
15. sfo{;Dkfbg l:ylt – g]kfnsf] k//fi6« gLltnfO{ ;Ifd / k|efjsf/L agfpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ;'emfj
tyf k/fdz{ lbg] p2]Zon] lj=;+= @)%) df :yfkgf ePsf] o; k|lti7fgnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] of] jif{ &#
nfv lgMzt{ cg'bfg lbPsf]df ?=^( nfv *) xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] 5 . k|lti7fgsf] u7g cfb]zcg';f/
k//fi6« dfldnf ;DaGwdf gLlt th'{df u/L g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k/fdz{ k|bfg ug]{, k//fi6« dfldnf
;DaGwdf cjnDag ug'{kg]{ /0fgLltaf/] cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L cjwf/0ffkq tof/ u/L k]; ug]{,
g]kfnn] ljb]zL d'n'sdf cfˆgf lgof]u vf]Nbf ckgfpg'kg]{ dfkb08sf ;DaGwdf ;'emfj k|bfg ug]{,
;ldltsf] jflif{s gLlt, sfo{qmd of]hgf :jLs[lt u/fpg] / ah]6 kfl/t ug]{ sfo{ tf]lsPsf]df
k|lti7fgn] of] jif{ ;f] cg'?k s'g} klg sfo{ u/]sf] kfOPg . ;f]xL u7g cfb]zdf ;ldltsf] a}7s jif{df
^ k6s a:g] pNn]v ePsf]df cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% df a}7s g} a;]sf] kfOPg . k|zf;g ;'wf/
cg'udg ;ldlt, @)&) sf] k|ltj]bgn] …k//fi6« dfldnf cWoog k|lti7fgÚnfO{ …s"6gLlts k|lzIf0f s]Gb|Ú
Pjd\ …s"6gLlts cg';Gwfg s]Gb|Úsf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug]{ ;'emfj lbPsf]df ;f]cg'?k sfof{Gjog gu/]sf]n]
k|lti7fg ;~rfngsf] nflu cfjZos jftfj/0f tof/ ug'{kb{5 .
/fxbfgL ljefu
16. kf;kf]6{ vl/b – d]l;g l/8]an kf;kf]6{ hf/L ug{ k|mfG;sf] Ps sDkgL;Fu @)^&.%.!! df $) nfv yfg
kf;kf]6{ -yk36 !% k|ltzt_ k|lt kf;kf]6{ s/;lxt cd]l/sL 8n/ #=%( n] % jif{sf] nflu 5kfO{ Pj+
k;{gnfOh];g ug{sf] nflu ;Demf}tf ePsf] lyof] . k|mfG;l:yt sDkgL;Fusf] ;Demf}tf @)&@.*.* df
;dfKt x'g' cufj} /fxbfgL 5kfO{ tyf k;{gnfOh];g sfo{sf] af]nkq;DaGwL k|lqmof cufl8 ga9fO{ g]kfn
;/sf/af6 @)&@.#.!* df :jLs[t e]l/P;gaf6 s/;d]t cd]l/sL 8n/ %=!$&# df k|lt /fxbfgL cfk"lt{
tyf k;{gnfOh];g x'g] Joj:yf ubf{ k|lt /fxbfgL cd]l/sL 8n/ !=%%&# n] @% nfv /fxbfgLsf]
cd]l/sL 8n/ #* nfv (# xhf/ @%) a9L kg]{ u/L ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 .
pQm ;Demf}tf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] @)&@.#.!* sf] lg0f{oaf6 e]l/P;g :jLs[t ePadf]lhd ;+zf]wg
ePsf] 5 . ;+zf]lwt ;Demf}tfcg';f/ @% nfv kf;kf]6{ cfk"lt{, 5kfO{ / k;{gnfOh];g tyf %) k|ToIf
btf{ s]Gb| :yfkgf ug]{ sfo{sf] sfo{tflnsf to gu/L &) nfv kf;kf]6{ k"0f{ k;{gnfOh];g ug{ k'gM
@)&@.#.#! df ;Demf}tf ubf{ sfo{;DkGg ug]{ cjlw tf]s]sf] 5}g . @)&% c;f/ d;fGt;Dddf %$ nfv
$* xhf/ kf;kf]6{ k;{gnfOh];g eO;s]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] af]nkq cfXjfg u/L
gofF /fxbfgL 5kfO sfo{ cf/De gx'~h]n xfnsf] cfk"t{s;Fu jftf{ ug{ ;xdlt lbg] @)&@.!.#! df lg0f{o

k//fi6« dGqfno
u/]sf]df xfn;Dd klg csf]{ k|lqmof gckgfO{ To;}nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] kfOof] . ;dodf O{–kf;kf]6{ hf/L
ug]{ k|lqmof k"/f u/L k'gM e]l/P;g gx'g] Joj:yf ldnfpg'k5{ .
17. 9'jfgL – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #! df ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] aL; nfv ?k}ofFF
eGbf a9L nfut cg'dfg ePsf] lgdf{0fsfo{ jf dfn;fdfg jf ;]jf vl/b ubf{ af]nkqsf] dfWodaf6
vl/b ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ ljefun] /fxbfgLnufotsf s"6g}lts y}nL 9'jfgLafkt Ps ;]jf
k|bfosnfO{ ?=@( nfv @^ xhf/ l;w} e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . af]nkqdfkm{t ug'{kg]{ sfo{ l;w} e'QmfgL
ePsf] lgoldt b]lvPg .
cg'udg tyf a]?h"
• cg'udg – ljb]zl:yt lgof]ux?sf] sfo{nfO{ cWoog / ljZn]if0f u/L lgof]ux?sf] ;+Vof ;Lldt ug'{kg]{,
le;f l:6s/ vr{ / /fh:j c;'nL oyfy{k/s b]lvg] u/L lgof]un] lx;fa /fVg'kg]{, s/ lkmtf{sf] clen]v
Jojl:yt u/L /fh:j bflvnf ug'{kg]{, g]kfnL sfdbf/ /x]sf ljb]zl:yt lgof]un] d[ts sfdbf/sf] Ifltk"lt{
/ 3/]n' sfdbf/sf] w/f}6Lafkt /fv]sf] /sdsf] cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ u/L n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg'kg]{ cflb
ljutdf cf}FNofOPsf ljifodf ;'wf/ ePsf] 5}g . ljutdf cf}FNofOPsf ljifosf] k'g/fj[lQ gx'g] Joj:yf
ug'{kb{5 .
• a]?h" l:ylt – dGqfno / dftxt;d]t $% lgsfodf of] jif{ n]vfk/LIf0faf6 ?=^& s/f]8 %@ nfv #%
xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fPkl5 lgsfon] ?=! s/f]8 % nfv $$ xhf/ km5\of}{6
u/L ?=^^ s/f]8 $^ nfv (! xhf/ km5\of}{6 ug{ af‘sL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=$ s/f]8 &( nfv *# xhf/
k]:sL a]?h" /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL !% df 5 .

e"ld Joj:yf, ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f dGqfno
dGqfnosf] sfo{If]qdf e"ld Joj:yf, ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f;DaGwL gLlt, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf]
th{'df, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg / d"NofÍg, hUuf k|zf;g tyf clen]v Joj:yfkg tyf ;+/If0f, ;xsf/L ;+3
;+:yfsf] ljsf;, ;'b[9Ls/0f / lgodgnufotsf sfo{ /x]sf 5g\ . dGqfno;d]t ##* lgsfoaf6 ;]jf k|jfx x'Fb}
cfPsf] 5 .
dGqfno / dftxt lgsfosf] of] jif{ ljlgof]hg ?=^ ca{ #& s/f]8 %# nfv, /fh:j ?=@) ca{ $@
s/f]8 (& nfv, w/f}6L ?=&^ s/f]8 (# nfv / cGo sf/f]af/ ?=!* ca{ !^ s/f]8 # nfv;d]t ?=$% ca{ &#
s/f]8 $^ nfvsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . dGqfno dftxt ! ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] ?=!$ s/f]8 &( nfvsf]
n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
1. cfjlws of]hgf – rf}Wff}F of]hgfdf plNnlvt sfo{qmddWo] hldgsf] xbaGbL k'g/fjnf]sg gePsf],
df]xLsf] :jfldTj ljjfb oyfjt\ /x]sf], d'Qm sd}ofnfO{ a:tL Jojl:yt ug]{ sfo{ e}/x] tfklg ;f] sfo{
;DkGg gePsf] cj:yf 5 . To:t}, e"ld k|zf;g;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ ;]jfx? ljs]lGb|t / Psåf/ k|0ffnLaf6
k|bfg ul/g], e"–pkof]u gS;f, tYofÍ / e"–pkof]u of]hgf tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog ul/g] pNn]v ePsf]df
cgnfOg ;]jf %) dfnkf]t sfof{nodf dfq sfof{Gjog ePsf] t/ gfkL sfof{nodf cgnfOg ;]jf z'?
gePsf], hUufsf] v08Ls/0f sfo{ Jojl:yt ug{ kl/kq hf/L ePsf]df xfn :yfgLo txnfO{ clwsf/
k|bfg ul/Ptfklg tbg'?k P]g, lgod th'{df eO{ g;s]sf]n] sfo{ z'? ePsf] 5}g . ctM cfjlws
of]hgfdf plNnlvt sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogdf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
2. gLlt sfof{Gjog – gLltdf pNn]v ePcg';f/ pknAw e"ldsf] ;d'lrt pkof]u u/L vfB ;'/Iff,
;'/lIft cfjf; tyf zx/Ls/0f, lbuf] k"jf{wf/ ljsf; / jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ;'lglZrt ug]{ sfo{ ePsf]
5}g . To:t}, e"–pkof]u ;"rgf k|0ffnL÷e"–pkof]u If]q lgwf{/0f tyf gS;f 8f6fj];÷:yflkt eO{
;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;xh kx'Fr ! jif{leq x'g], ;+3Lo, k|fb]lzs / :yfgLo ?kdf txut e"–pkof]u of]hgf /
e"–pkof]usf] sfo{ If]q juL{s/0f ! b]lv # jif{leq tof/ ug]{ ;dofjlw tf]lsPsf]df nIocg';f/ gS;f
tof/ ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . ctM gLltdf pNn]v ePcg'';f/ sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
3. ;]jf k|jfx – ;'zf;g -Joj:yfkg tyf ;~rfng_ lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod #^ df k|To]s
kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/Ln] sfo{ ljj/0fdf tf]lsPadf]lhd cfk}mn] sfo{ km5\of}{6 ug'{kg]{df !) lbg /
dflyNnf] txdf k]; ug'{kg]{df & lbgleq km5\of}{6 ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;]jf k|jfx ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf
Joxf]/f b]xfoadf]lhd 5g\M
3.1. ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] ;]jf k|jfxdf a9L rfk /x]sf] dfnkf]t sfof{no l8NnLahf/, rfalxn, eQmk'/
nufotdf 6f]sg k|0ffnL nfu" ePsf] 5}g . tL sfof{nodf O{—xflh/L;d]t sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] 5}g .
dfnkf]t tyf gfkL sfof{nox? u8;]/f, 8f]6L / g/}gfk'/ afFs]df sfof{no :yfkgf eP tfklg
;~rfngdf cfPsf] 5}g . kfFr dfnkf]t sfof{nodf /lhi6]«;g kfl/t ug{sf] nflu cgnfOg k|0ffnLaf6
sfd eP tfklg sd{rf/LnfO{ kof{Kt tflnd lbO{ bIftf clej[l4 ug{ g;s]sf] sf/0f Jojl:yt x'g
;s]sf] 5}g . ;do ;dodf ljB't cj/f]w x'g], b/aGbLcg';f/sf] kbk"lt{ gx'g] sf/0faf6 ;j{;fwf/0fn]
nfdf] ;do k|tLIff ug'{kg]{ cj:yfn] ;]jf k|jfxdf k|efjsfl/tf b]lvPsf] 5}g .
3.2. ljefun] sDKo'6/, lk|G6/, :Sofg/nufotsf pks/0f dftxt sfof{nox?df k7fpg] u/L ?=! s/f]8 #%
nfv &^ xhf/df vl/b u/]sf]df ;]jfk|jfx ug]{ lgsfodf x:tfGt/0f gu/]sf]]n] ;]jf k|jfxdf c;/ k/]sf]
5.
3.3. sfof{nosf ;a} lnvtx?sf] afOl08ª u/L g/fv]sf], lnvtx? l;nl;n]jf/ ldnfO{ g/fv]sf], k'/fgf
lnvtx? afOl08ª gu/L cJojl:yt ?kdf /x]sf], k'/fgf lnvtx? w'hfw'hf k/]sf], lnvtx?sf] ;+/If0f
/ Jojl:yt k|of]usf] nflu ljB'tLo k|0ffnLdf ?kfGt/0f gu/]sf], ;]jf k|jfxdf 6f]sg k|0ffnL nfu"

gePsf], hUuf /lhi6«];g, hUuf btf{ tyf xfn ;fljs, hUuf ljjfb ;dfwfg cflb sfo{df n]vfk9L
Joj;foLsf] ;+nUgtf /xg] u/]sf], ;dodf hUuf;DaGwL d'2fx? km5\of}{6 x'g g;s]sf], sf/0faf6
;]jfu|fxLsf] rfkcg';f/ ;]jf k|jfx x'g g;Sbf ;]jf k|jfxdf bIftf / k|efjsfl/tf cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g .
3.4. gfkL sfof{no, eQmk'/df of] jif{ hUuf /]vfÍgsf nflu %&* lgj]bg btf{ ePsf]df @&* hUufwgLsf],
gfkL sfof{no, ;fFv'df #%# lgj]bg btf{ ePsf]df !^& hUufwgLsf] dfq sf/afxL ePsf] 5 . To:t},
gfkL sfof{no nlntk'/sf] &) k|ltzt, dgd}h'sf] &# k|ltzt, sn+sLsf] @) k|ltzt, l8NnLahf/sf]
&$ k|ltzt, rfalxnsf] *) k|ltzt hUuf /]vfÍg;DaGwL lgj]bgsf] dfq sf/afxL 6'lËPsf] 5 . o;/L
/fh:j lnO;s]sf] cj:yfdf ;d]t hUuf /]vfÍsgsf] nflu btf{ ePsf] lgj]bg pk/ ;dodf sf/afxL
ePsf]] b]lvFb}g .
3.5. gfkL sfof{noaf6 tof/ ePsf] gS;f / lkmN8df /x]sf] hUufsf] If]qkmndf Ps?ktf /xg] u/]sf] 5}g .
;fj{hlgs hUuf JolQmsf] :jfldTjdf kg]{ u/]sf], gfkL gS;fdf plNnlvt If]qkmn lkmN8df /xg]
gu/]sf], lkmN8cg';f/sf] hUufsf] gS;fÍg x'g] gu/]sf], Ps JolQmsf] hUuf csf]{ JolQmsf] ;f\Fw
;Ldfgfleq /xg] u/]sf] cj:yf /xFbf ljutb]lv hUuf ;fFw ;Ldfgf, :jfldTj, :j?k / If]qkmn;DaGwL
d'2f a9\b} uPsf]n] gful/sn] cgfjZos ljjfb, emd]nf / b'Mvsi6 Joxf]g'{ k/]sf] cj:yf 5 . cfw'lgs
k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L hUuf k|zf;gdf ;'wf/ x'g'kb{5 .
3.6. ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL hUuf ljutdf k/Dk/fut k|ljlwaf6 gfkhfFr x'Fb} cfPsf]df xfn gofF gfkhfFr
ug]{, xfn ;fljs tyf k'ggf{kL u/L hUufsf] clen]v e" ;"rgfdf clen]v /flvFb} cfPsf]df xfn;Dd
klg gfkL sfo{ 6'ËfPsf] kfOPg .
ctM sfof{non] dfly plNnlvt nufotsf ljifodf ;'wf/ tyf btf{ ePsf lgj]bgsf] ;dod}
6'Ëf] nufO{ ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg'kb{5 .
4. Jojl:yt a;f]af; – cJojl:yt a;f]af;nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ tyf of]hgfa4 / Jojl:yt j:tL ljsf;
ug{ ;fj{hlgs / u'7L hUufdf ePsf] cltqmd0f /f]Sg,
cJojl:yt a;f]af; / ;'s'Daf;L ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ of] jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 d'VotM cfjlws
Aojl:yt a;f]af; cfof]u, @)&# u7g ePsf]df pQm of]hgfsf gLlt cf+lzs ?kdf sfof{Gjog
cfof]u / lhNnf a;f]af; ;ldltx? @)&%.!.!$ sf] ePsf], dfnkf]t tyf gfkL sfof{nosf]
;"rgfaf6 lj36g ePsf] 5 . Jojl:yt a;f]af; ;]jf k|jfx k|efjsf/L gePsf], xlnof tyf
sfo{qmddf of] jif{ tna, eQfnufotdf ?=@ s/f]8 @& d'Qm sd}of k'g:yf{kg sfo{df l9nfO
nfv / #% lhNnfsf ;ldltaf6 ?=^ s/f]8 #* nfv ^& ePsf], ef]uflwsf/ hUuf lnhdf kl/0ft
xhf/;d]t ?=* s/f]8 ^% nfv ^& xhf/ vr{ ePsf]df gu/]sf], xbaGbLeGbf a9L hUuf pkof]usf]
pQm sfo{qmd nfu" gx'Fb} cfof]u vf/]h x'Fbf vr{sf] k|efjsf/L cg'udg gePsf], ;/sf/L tyf
cf}lrTo k'li6 x'g] b]lvPg . ;fj{hlgs hUufsf] plrt ;+/If0f gePsf],
5. xlnof tyf d'Qm sd}of k'g:yf{kgf – bfª, afFs], alb{of, lsQfsf6 ;DaGwdf cGof}ntf /x]sf],
s}nfnL / s~rgk'/df /x]sf sd}ofnfO{ @)%&.$.@ af6 /fh:j bflvnf gePsf], cfos/ tyf
d'Qm ePsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . d'Qm sd}of, xlnof / clu|d s/ bflvnf gePsf], 36L /fh:j
sdn/Lsf] k'g:yf{kgf ug]{ sfo{ o; jif{;Dd c;'n u/]sf], k'FhLut nfes/ lgodfg';f/
ul/;Sg'kg]{df s'n @& xhf/ %&) d'Qm sd}ofdWo] c;'n gu/]sf], /lhi6«];g z'Ns 36L c;'n
xfn;Dd @^ xhf/ (@@ kl/jf/sf] k'g:yf{kgf eO{ ^$* u/]sf], sltko ;xsf/L ;+:yf ;d:ofu|:t
kl/jf/ k'g:yf{kgf ug{ afFsL /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L d'Qm /x]sf] / ;~rfns km/f/ /x]sf] nufotsf
sd}of k'g:yf{kgf sfo{qmddf !!# 3/ kl/jf/nfO{ hUuf Joxf]/f b]lvPsf]n] ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
vl/b ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df *( 3/ kl/jf/nfO{ pknAw
u/fPsf], () 3/ kl/jf/nfO{ lgdf{0f vr{ pknAw u/fpg'kg]{df @& 3/ kl/jf/nfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] 5 .
k'/fgf] 3/ lgdf{0fsf] nflu $* xhf/ $* 3/ kl/jf/nfO{ cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg'kg]{df ! xhf/ (^@
3/ kl/jf/nfO{ dfq pknAw u/fPsf] 5 .

To:t} xlnoftkm{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;'v]{t, hfh/sf]6, x'Dnf, s}nfnL, s~rgk'/, 8f]6L, 88]nw'/f,
c5fd, aemfª, afh'/f, a}t8L / bfr'{nf;d]t !@ lhNnfdf @)^%.%.@! b]lv xlnof d'Qm ePsf] 3f]if0ff
u/]sf] lyof] . xlnofd'Qm ePsf !^ xhf/ (%# 3/ kl/jf/dWo] dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fdf !@ xhf/
@#! kl/jf/sf] k|df0fLs/0f eO{ !! xhf/ ^^$ kl/jf/nfO{ dfq kl/rokq ljt/0f u/]sf] pNn]v 5 .
o; jif{ ^@( hgfnfO{ hUuf vl/b ug]{ elgPsf]df $&( 3/ kl/jf/sf] nflu vl/b ePsf], # xhf/ #@$
sf] 3/ dd{t ug]{ elgPsf]df # xhf/ *& nfO{ dd{t cg'bfg lbPsf] / ! xhf/ !#) nfO{ 3/ lgdf{0f
cg''bfg pknAw u/fpg] nIo /x]sf]df *!$ nfO{ dfq cg'bfg pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . To;}u/L d'Qm
sdn/L ( xhf/ $() /x]sf]df !(% nfO{ dfq kl/rokq ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf
gLlt tyf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog gePsf]n] ck]lIft ;]jf k|fKt ug{ g;s]sf] / jiff}{;Dd ;d:of ;dfwg
x'g g;s]sf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
6. /fli6«o e"—pkof]u cfof]hgf – e"—pkof]u;DaGwL] tLg jifL{o gLltdf ;j} ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfdf
e"–pkof]u;DaGwL gS;f tyf tYofÍ tof/ ug'{kg]{ / e"–pkof]usf] juL{/0f ug'{kg]{ nIo /fv]sf] 5 . o;
jif{ ;Dd !) lhNnfsf (@ ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfsf] df6f]sf] cj:yf, ef}uf]lns w/ftnsf] cfwf/df
gS;fÍg ug{ k/fdz{bftf lgo'Qm u/L ;DalGwt ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsfsf] e"–pkof]u gS;f,
df6f]sf] juL{s/0f;DaGwL gS;f, e"Ifdtf gS;f, e"—pkof]u If]q gS;f / lsQf gfkL gS;fÍg ;d]tsf]
nflu o; jif{ ?=%( s/f]8 @$ nfv e'QmfgL u/]sf]df xfn;Dd e"—pkof]u gS;f Ps :yfgLo txdf
dfq x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5 . pQm gS;fx? :yfgLo txdf x:tfGt/0f u/L
pkof]udf Nofpg'kb{5 .
7. ;/sf/L hUufsf] ef]uflwsf/ – ;/sf/L hUufsf] ef]uflwsf/ pknAw u/fpg] ;DaGwL sfo{gLlt, @)%(
/ dlGqkl/ifb\sf] @)%(.!@.$ sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ #$@ ;+:yfnfO{ ^ nfv #* xhf/ ju{ld6/ hUufsf]
ef]uflwsf/ lbPsf] b]lvof] . pQm hUufsf] ef]uflwsf/ Dofb @)&#.@.#! df ;dfKt e};s]sf] 5 .
ef]uflwsf/ k|fKt hUuf tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq lnhdf kl/0ft ug{ lgj]bg lbg'kg]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] /
Dofbleq lgj]bg glbPsfsf] xsdf Dofb ;dfKt ePkl5 ef]uflwsf/ ;Demf}tf /2 u/L To:tf hUuf
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf sfod /fVg] pNn]v 5 . lnhdf kl/0ft ePsf] hUufsf] ljj/0f / g]kfn
;/sf/sf] gfddf oyfjt\ sfod /x]sf] hUufsf] ljj/0f k|fKt ePg . ef]uflwsf/df /x]sf hUuf lnhdf
kl/0ft ug{sf nflu dfnkf]t sfof{no l8NnLahf/ / sn+sLdf %.% ;+:yfn] lgj]bg lbPsf]df ;f]
;DaGwdf s'g} sf/afxL ePsf] b]lvPg . ;/sf/L hUuf clen]v cBfjlws ug'{kb{5 .
8. xbaGbL hUuf — e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf] bkmf !@ / sDkgL P]g, @)^# cGt{ut btf{ ePsf
;+:yfx?nfO{ xbaGbLeGbf a9L hUuf /fVg 5'6 lbg] pNn]v 5 . k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ xbaGbL 5'6 ePsf
!^& ;+:yfsf] %^ xhf/ (*) /f]kgL / * xhf/ $@( laufxf hUuf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . To:tf] ;'ljwf k|fKt
JolQm tyf ;+:yfn] p2]Zocg'?k xbaGbLeGbf a9Lsf] hUuf h'g k|of]hgsf] nflu /fv]sf] xf] ;f]xL
sfo{sf] nflu k|of]u u/] gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf cg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg tof/ gu/]sf]n] xbaGbLeGbf a9L
hUUff pkof]usf] cj:yf ;'lglZrt x'g ;s]g . xbaGbLeGbf a9L hUufsf] pkof]u ;DaGwdf k|efjsf/L
cg'udg x'g'kb{5 .
e"ld Joj:yfkg tyf clen]v ljefu
dlGqkl/ifb\sf] @)&%.!.$ sf]] lg0f{ocg';f/ ;fljssf] e"—;"rgf clen]v ljefu xfn e"ld Joj:yfkg
tyf clen]v ljefudf uflePkl5 ;fljssf @! e"ld;'wf/ sfof{no;d]t dfnkf]t sfof{nodf ;dfof]hg ePsf
5g\ . ljefu / dftxt sfof{non] 3/ hUuf /lhi6]«;g, hUuf k|zf;g, clen]v Joj:yfkgnufotsf sfo{
ub}{cfPsf 5g\ .
9. ;/sf/L hUuf — dfnkf]t sfof{no, /f}tx6n] ;fljs nIdLlgof ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] j8f g+= @ l:yt
lsQf g+=!%) ab/ u/L pQm lsQfsf] % laufxf !) s7\7f hUuf @)&$.!@.! df Ps JolQmaf6
/fhLgfdf kfl/t u/L lg;u{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . kmt'jf ljhok'/ gu/kflnsf, /f}tx6n] pQm hUuf ;/sf/L
/x]sf] pNn]v u/] klg sfof{non] JolQmsf] gfddf xs x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] 5 . ;f]cg';f/ ;fljs lsQf
gDa/ ! sf] hUuf lsQfsf6 e} lsQf gDa/ !$%, !$^, !$&, !$*, !$(, !%), !%!, !%@ / !%# df
sfod u/L laqmL ljt/0f u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o;/L ;/sf/L hUuf JolQmsf] gfddf x:tfGt/0f ug{ l;kmfl/;
ug{] :yfgLo tx, lsQfsf6 ug]{ gfkL sfof{no / lnvt kfl/t ug]{ dfnkf]t sfof{nonfO{ lhDd]jf/
agfO{ tb\g'?k JolQmdf uPsf] $) laufxf @ s7\7f !) w'/ hUuf ab/ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf
sfod x'g'kb{5 .
10. /fh:j afF8kmfF8 — g]kfn ;/sf/sf] @)&$.(.$ sf] kl/kqdf /fh:j afF8kmfF8sf] :j?k tof/ geP;Dd
vr{ gug]{ u/L lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltdf k7fpg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . of] jif{ dfnkf]t sfof{no, af/f,
k;f{, n]vgfy, 6f]vfnufot !)# sfof{non] kl/kqcg';f/ afF8kmfF8 gu/L ?=# ca{ $& s/f]8 !% nfv
sfo{ ;~rfng sf]ifdf /x]sf] ljefuaf6 k|fKt cfly{s ljj/0fdf pNn]v 5 . pQm /sd lgodfg';f/
afF8kmfF8 u/L ;+3Lo tyf cGo ;l~rt sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
11. hUufsf] d"NofÍg – sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf] rqmky jl/kl/sf] hUufsf] d"NofÍgdf dfnkf]t sfof{no,
sn+sLn] k|lt cfgf ?=@% nfv, rfalxnn] ?= #) nfv, l8NnLahf/n] ?= @* nfv tyf nlntk'/n] ?=
!* nfv sfod u/]sf] 5 . o;/L sf7df8f}F lhNnfdf kg]{ rqmky jl/kl/sf] hUufsf] d"NofÍg ug]{
;ldltdf Pp6} kbflwsf/L -k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L_ cWoIf /x] tfklg l8NnLahf/, rfalxn / sn+sL
sfof{nosf] If]qflwsf/df /x]sf] rqmky jl/kl/sf] hUufsf] d"NofÍgdf Ps?ktf ePsf] b]lvPg .
hUufsf] Go"gtd d"NofÍg;DaGwL cjwf/0ffcg';f/ zx/L / gu/ pGd'v :yfgsf] ;8s,
vfg]kfgL, 9n, 6]lnkmf]g cflb ;'ljwfsf] hfgsf/L lk|G6 gS;fdf /]vfÍg u/L :yfgLo hgk|ltlglw /
sf/f]af/df ;+nUg JolQmjf6 lnPsf] k|ltj]bg, a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf lwtf] /fv]sf] d"No, lgdf{0f sfo{
;~rfng ug]{ ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 k|fKt d"No, rng rNtLsf] lsgj]r d"No, ljut /
jt{dfgsf] d"No cflbnfO{ cfwf/ lnO{ hUufsf] Go"gtd d"No lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{df To:tf cfwf/ a]u/ d"No
lgwf{/0f ;ldltn] Go"gtd d"NofÍg sfod ubf{ d"NofÍgsf] cfwf/ v'nfPsf] kfOPg . hUufsf] oyfy{
d"No lgwf{/0f x'g g;sL rngrNtL / hUufsf] Go"gtd d"NofÍgaLr cGt/ cfO{ ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt x'g]
/fh:jdf c;/ k/]sf] 5 .
e"ld;'wf/ tyf dfnkf]t sfof{no, lj/f6gu/df d'cfjhf ljt/0f / hUufsf] Go"gtd d"NofÍg
k'l:tsf tof/ ubf{ !! u'0ff km/s kg]{ u/L d"No sfod u/]sf]n] ?= ! s/f]8 %! nfv /fh:j 36L c;'n
ePsf] 5 . hUufsf] d"NofÍgdf Ps?ktf sfod ug'{kb{5 .
12. clws lsQfsf6 – dGqfnoaf6 @)&$.$.@^ df jif{sf] Psk6s afx]s v]tLof]Uo hUufsf] lsQfsf6 ug{
gkfOg] lg0f{o u/]sf]df k'gM @)&$.&.@$ df lglZrt k|lqmof k"/f u/]sf !! JolQm, sDkgL, ;+:yf /
kmd{nfO{ lsQfsf6 ug{ :jLs[lt lbg] lg0f{o ePsf] 5 .
12.1. dGqfnosf] @)&$.$.@^ sf] lg0f{oaf6 JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLn] s[lifof]Uo hUufsf] v08Ls/0f
ug{ /f]s nufPsf]df @)&$.&.@$ df 3/hUufsf] Joj;fo ug]{ ( sDkgL / @ k|fs[lts JolQmnfO{
lsQfsf6 u/L laqmL ljt/0f ug{ km's'jf u/]sf] 5 . o;/L ;Lldt JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLnfO{ dfq
lsQfsf6 u/L laqmL ljt/0f ug{ cg'dlt lbg' / cGosf] af/]df cGof}ntf /xg] u/L lg0f{o u/]sf]
dgfl;a b]lvPg .
12.2. c+za08faf6 lsQfsf6 u/L t];|f] kIfnfO{ 38]/Lsf] ?kdf laqmL ljt/0f ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
pbfx/0fsf] nflu dfnkf]t sfof{no, sn+sL, nlntk'/, l8NnLahf/, rfalxn, df]/ªnufotdf $)
lg;u{stf{sf] $) lsQfnfO{ ### lsQfdf lsQfsf6 ePsf] 5 . c+zj08f u/]kl5 lg;u{ u/]sf] clen]v
/fvL k|rlnt Joj:yfsf] k"0f{ sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
12.3. dfnkf]t tyf gfkL sfof{no, sn+sLaf6 dR5]ufpF ( v sf] lsQf g+= &$ sf] hUuf @)&$.*.% df
lsQfsf6 u/L lsQf g+=(^^ b]lv (&$ ;Dd sfod ePsf]df ;f]xL lsQf hUuf k'gM lsQfsf6 eO{
ls=g=(*@ b]lv (** ;Dd sfod x'g cfPsf] b]lvG5 . To;}u/L eLd9'Íf û sf] lsQf g+=#!# sf] hUuf
@)&$.!@.#) df lsQfsf6 eO{ ### b]lv #$) ;Dd ljleGg JolQmx?sf] gfddf sfod ePsf] b]lvG5 .
12.4. dfnkf]t tyf gfkL sfof{no nlntk'/af6 uf]bfdrf}/ #u sf] lsQf g+=@&$ sf] hUuf @)&$.!!.!# df
lsQf sf6 eO{ *%* b]lv *^@ ;Dd sfod ePsf] b]lvG5 . lsQf g+=!$) ;f]xL ldltdf lsQfsf6 eO{
*^# b]lv *^( ;Dd sfod ePsf] b]lvG5 . lsQf g+=#^^ lsQfsf6 eO{ lsQf g+= *&) b]lv *&* ;Dd
sfod ePsf]df lsQf g+=*&* lsQfsf6 eO{ lsQf g=**# / **$ sfod eO{ clws ;+Vofsf]
lsQfsf6 ePsf] b]lvG5 .
jif]{gL v]tLof]Uo hldgnfO{ 38]/Ldf kl/jt{g ug]{, l;Flrt If]qkmn 36\b} hfg] ufpFsf v]tLof]Uo
hUuf afFemf] 5f8\g], l;Flrt If]qdf zx/, a:tL a;fpg] k|j[lQ /x]sf] kfOG5 . kfvf] / v]tL gx'g] :yfgdf
a:tL ljsf;sf] Joj:yf ug{ ;s]df e"ld pkof]uaf6 a9L k|ltkmn k|fKt x'g] cj:yf /xG5 .
13. /fh:j bflvnf – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !% df sfof{no k|d'vn] k|To]s dlxgf
/fh:j p7\g 5'6 eP jf gePsf] / /fh:j n]vf tyf bflvnfsf] lg/LIf0f u/L /fh:j lxgfldgf eP jf
gePsf]] olsg ug'{kg]{ / lgod !* df /fh:j /sd a}Í bflvnf ug]{, u/fpg] / n]vf /fVg nufpg]
pQ/bfloTj sfof{no k|d'vdfkm{t\ n]vf k|d'vsf] x'g] pNn]v 5 . dfnkf]t tyf e"ld;'wf/ sfof{no,
e/tk'/, lrtjgn] gubL /l;baf6 c;'n u/]sf] /lhi6«];g z'Ns, ;]jf z'Ns tyf k'FhLut
nfes/afktsf] ?=! s/f]8 &! nfv &^ xhf/ ;DalGwt kmfF6af6 ljleGg ldltdf n]vf zfvfn]
a'lemlnPsf]df pQm /sd a}Í bflvnf ePsf] 5}g . o; ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 cfjZos
5fglag u/L 36L /fh:j bflvnfsf] ;DaGwdf lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/LnfO{ cfjZos sf/afxL u/L c;'n
ug'{kb{5 .
14. cfos/ bflvnf – cfos/ P]g, @)%* tyf 3/ hUuf lg;u{df k'FhLut nfes/;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf,
@)&@ adf]lhd s'g} ;dodf Pp6f ;d"xdf kg]{ ;DklQ cGo k|of]hgsf] nflu k|of]u x'g yfn]df ;f]
;DklQ ;f]xL ;dodf lgM;u{ eP ;/x x'g] Joj:yf 5 . sfof{non] P]gdf ePsf] plNnlvt Joj:yf
ljk/Lt cfˆgf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] hUufnfO{ af6f] lgdf{0f, 38]/Lsf] ?kdf ;–;fgf If]qkmndf lsQfsf6,
l5d]sLsf] hUufx?;Fu Kn6 ldnfg, 9n lgdf{0f tyf ;Ldfgf kvf{n cflb h:tf sfo{x? u/L ;fljssf]
hUufsf] :j?kdf kl/jt{g u/L laqmL u/]sf] ;+nUg 6«]; gS;faf6 b]lvG5 . k|fs[lts JolQmn]
Jofj;flos k|of]hgaf6 3/hUufsf] sf/f]af/ ubf{ k'FhLut nfes/ geO{ Joj;fosf] cfodf nfUg]
clwstd #% k|ltzt cfos/ ltg{'kb{5 . ;f] Joj:yfcg';f/ dfnkf]t sfof{no sn+sL, nlntk'/;d]t &
sfof{noaf6 Jofj;flos k|s[ltsf] lg;u{ ug]{ ^# lg;u{stf{sf] lg;u{ /sd ?=! ca{ #* s/f]8 !( nfv
$( xhf/df ;DalGwt cfGtl/s /fh:j sfo{fnodf cfo ljj/0f k]; u/L nfUg] s/ /sd c;'n
ug'{kg]{df tb\g';f/ lghx?sf] plNnlvt sf/f]af/ cfo ljj/0fdf ;dfj]z u/] gu/]sf] olsg x'g ;s]g .
ctM pQm sf/f]af/ ;lxtsf] cfo ljj/0f cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{nodf bflvnf u/]sf] k|df0f k]; ug'{kg]{
cGoyf cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] cg';"rL ! adf]lhd #% k|ltztn] x'g] s/ ?=$* s/f]8 #^ nfv *@
xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
15. ;+:yfut clu|d s/ — l/on :6]6 afx]ssf ;+:yfut lg;u{stf{sf] u}/Joj;flos s/of]Uo ;DklQdf
cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefusf] @)&#.$.( sf] kl/kqadf]lhd !) k|ltzt clu|d s/ c;'n ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf
5 . dfnkf]t sfof{no l8NnLahf/, nlntk'/, sn+sL, eQmk'/, jL/uGh, gjnk/f;L / dgd}+h'n] #%
s/f]8 &% xhf/sf] lg;u{df ?=$ s/f]8 !! nfv ** xhf/ clu|d s/ c;'n gu/]sf]n] ;DalGwt
kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
16. 36L /fh:j c;'nL — cfly{s P]g, @)&$ df 3/hUufsf] /fhLgfdf, ;uf]ngfdf / 5f]8kqdf nfUg]
b:t'/ % k|ltzt / @=% k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;+o'Qm btf{jfnfaLrsf] 5f]8kqsf] lnvtsf] y}nL
cÍdf @=% k|ltzt /lhi6«];g b:t'/ nfUg] Joj:yf 5 . s]xL lnvtx?df lgodljk/Lt lg;u{stf{sf]
s'n lx:;fsf] !) efusf] ! efudf ;uf]ngfdf u/fO{ ;+o'Qm btf{jfnf agfO{ % k|ltzt /fh:j c;'nL
u/L afFsL ( efudf ;f]xL lbg jf ef]lnkN6 g} 5f]8kqsf] lnvt agfO{ @=% k|ltztn] /fh:j c;'nL
xF'bf dfnkf]t sfof{no l8NnLahf/df @( lnvtdf ?=^! nfv !@ xhf/, rfalxndf & lnvtaf6 ?=#$
nfv !* xhf/;d]t ?= (% nfv #) xhf/ 36L /fh:j c;'n ePsf] 5 . 36L /fh:j ltg]{ k|j[ltdf
lgoGq0f u/L 36L ePsf] /fh:j c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
17. k'FhLut nfes/ – cfos/ P]g, @)%* / hUuf tyf 3/ hUuf lg;u{df k'FhLut nfes/;DaGwL
lgb]{lzsf, @)&@ n] u/]sf Joj:yfcg';f/ k'FhLut nfes/ / 3/hUuf /lhi6«];g b:t'/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
lgb]{lzsfadf]lhd h'g;'s} lsl;daf6 :jfldTj k|fKt u/]sf] hUuf tyf 3/hUuf eP tfklg % jif{ cjlw
gk'u]sf] eP % k|ltzt / % jif{ cjlw k'u]sf] eP @=% k|ltzt k'FhLut nfes/ lng'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
n]vfk/LIf0faf6 ;f]cg';f/ k'FhLut nfes/ / /lhi6«];g b:t'/ c;'n gePsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
17.1. dfnkf]t sfof{no, sn+sLn] % lg;u{stf{af6 % k|ltztn] c;'n ug'{kg]{df @=% k|ltztn] ?=!* nfv
#( xhf/, dfnkf]t sfof{no k;f{n] ( lg;u{stf{sf] ?=$$ nfv $! xhf/, dfnkf]t sfof{no df]/ªn]
@% lg;u{stf{sf] ?=#$ nfv %& xhf/, cGo !! sfof{non] %& lg;u{stf{sf] ?=! s/f]8 #% nfv $@
xhf/;d]t ?=@ s/f]8 #@ nfv &( xhf/ 36L k'FhLut nfes/ lnPsf]n] sfof{no k|d'vnfO{ lhDd]jf/
agfO{ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
17.2. lgb]{lzsfdf bz jif{;Dd cljlR5Gg ?kdf a;f]af; u/]sf] k|df0f k]; u/]sf] v08df dfq k'FhLut
nfes/ 5'6 x'g]df ;f] k|df0f a]u/ dfnkf]t sfof{no, l8NnLahf/n] ?=# s/f]8 %( nfv ^! xhf/,
rfalxnn] ?=@@ nfv !# xhf/, eQmk'/n] ?=& nfv @) xhf/, sn+sLn] ?=! s/f]8 ( nfv @# xhf/,
nlntk'/n] ?=!) nfv $* xhf/;d]t ?=% s/f]8 * nfv ^% xhf/ k'FhLut nfes/ 5'6 lbPsf] 5 .
k|df0fa]u/ 5'6 lbPsf] k'FhLut nfes/ ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L @=% k|ltztn] nfUg] k'FhLut nfes/
c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
17.3. dfnkf]t sfof{no, l8NnLahf/df bz jif{eGbf sd cjlw :jfldTj ePsf] Ps lg;u{stf{nfO{ !) jif{
cljlR5Gg a;f]af; u/]sf] egL lg;u{ ?=! s/f]8 *! nfvdf k'FhLut nfes/ 5'6 lbPsf]n] @=%
k|ltztn] x'g] ?=$ nfv %# xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
17.4. dfnkf]t sfof{noaf6 kfl/t x'g] lnvtdf hUufsf] af6f]sf] cj:yfsf] Go"gtd d"NofÍg k'l:tsfdf
plNnlvt b/cg';f/sf] y}nL sfod u/L /lhi6«];g b:t'/ tyf k'FhLut nfes/ c;'n ul/g] Joj:yf 5 .
o; jif{ dfnkf]t sfof{nox?sf] hUufsf] Go"gtd d"NofÍg k'l:tsfdf pNn]v u/]eGbf 36L y}nL cÍ
sfod u/L lnvt kfl/t ubf{ dfnkf]t sfof{no l8NnLahf/sf @, /+u]nL, df]/ªsf] # / a]naf/L df]/ªsf]
! ;d]t ^ lg;u{stf{sf] ?=@ s/f]8 !( nfv %$ xhf/ y}nL /sd 36L sfod x'g uO{ ?=( nfv @$
xhf/ /lhi6«];g b:t'/ / ?=( nfv %& xhf/ k'FhLut nfes/;d]t ?=!* nfv *! xhf/ 36L c;'n
ePsf] x'Fbf ;DalGwt kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ jgfO{ 5'6 /fh:j c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
To;}u/L, dfnkf]t sfof{no, l8NnLahf/df ;fljs lsQfdf ;xfos lkr af6f] l;kmfl/;
ePsf]df ;f]xL lsQfdWo]sf] cf7 cfgf Ps k};f b'O{ bfd hUuf af6f] gePsf] l;kmfl/; ubf{ /lhi6«];g
b:t'/ / k'FhLut nfes/ ;d]t ?= # nfv %@ xhf/ /fh:j 5'6 ePsf] 5 . dfnkf]t sfof{no,
rfalxnsf] ;xfos sfnf]kq] af6f]df hf]l8Psf] hUufsf] 3/af6f]sf] l;kmfl/;df uf]/]6f] af6f] pNn]v eP
cg';f/ d"NofÍg x'Fbf /lhi6«];g b:t'/ / k'FhLut nfes/;d]t ?=!! nfv @* xhf/ /fh:j 5'6]sf] 5 .
o;df 3/af6f]sf] unt l;kmfl/; ug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ 5'6 ePsf] /fh:j c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
17.5. ;DalGwt cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{nodf cfo ljj/0f k]; u/L s/ lt/]sf] k|df0fa]u/ dfnkf]t sfof{no
l8NnLahf/n] ?= !( s/f]8 ^) nfv #^ xhf/, eQmk'/n] ?=$ s/f]8 !* nfv, ;f+v'n] ?=! s/f]8 #)
nfv @! xhf/, rfalxnn] ?=% s/f]8 (( nfv %& xhf/, sn+sLn] ?=& s/f]8 %# nfv %* xhf/,
nlntk'/n] ?=@^ s/f]8 #% nfv (! xhf/, 6f]vfn] ?=@ s/f]8 ^ nfv ^^ xhf/;d]t ?=^& s/f]8 $
nfv @( xhf/ k'FhLut nfes/ c;'n u/]sf 5}gg\ . P]gcg';f/ k'FhLut nfes/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
17.6. ejg lgdf{0f vr{ s§Lsf] ;DaGwdf cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefusf] @)&$.$.$ sf] kl/kqåf/f ;d]t :yfgLo
txaf6 ;f] ejg lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf] ldltsf] d"NofÍg adf]lhdsf] nfut dfq 36fO{ k'FhLut
nfes/sf] u0fgf ug{'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . dfnkf]t sfof{no nlntk'/, rfalxn, sn+sL, l8NnLahf/,
a]naf/L;d]t % sfof{nosf *& lg;u{stf{sf] lg;u{{df ejg lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf avtsf] vr{ a]u/
?=$( s/f]8 &! nfv #% xhf/sf] ejg laqmLdf k'FhLut nfes/ 5'6 ePsf]n] 5fglag u/L c;'n
ug{'kb{5 .

17.7. dfnkf]t sfof{no ;'v]{t, k;f{nufot * sfof{nosf $! lg;u{stf{sf] ?=#) nfveGbf a9Lsf] lg;u{
?=!& s/f]8 @ nfv *& xhf/df nfUg] k'FhLut nfes/ ?=&) nfv #) xhf/ 5'6 ePsf] b]lvFbf
;DalGwt kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ c;'n ug{'kb{5 .
18. 36L y}nL — e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yfkg ljefusf] @)&@.!!.!( sf] kl/kq adf]lhd Psk6s sfod
ePsf] y}nL /sdnfO{ 36fpg gldNg] Joj:yf 5 . pQm kl/kq ljk/Lt dfnkf]t sfof{no l8NnLahf/sf
^ lg;u{stf{n] Psk6s sfod e};s]sf] y}nL /sdeGbf ?=$! nfv &# xhf/ 36fO{ lg;u{ u/]sf] x'Fbf
36L y}nL /sdsf] /lhi6]«;g b:t'/ ?=( nfv @# xhf/ / k'FhLut nfes/ ?=( nfv !& xhf/;d]t
?=!* nfv $) xhf/ / dgd}+h'sf] ?=^@ nfv !* xhf/df /lhi6«];g b:t'/ ?=@ nfv $$ xhf/;d]t
hDdf ?=@) nfv *$ xhf/ /fh:j 36L c;'n ePsf] x'Fbf ;DalGwt kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ u/fO{
c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
19. k'FhLut nfes/df ;'ljwf – hUuf tyf 3/hUuf lg;u{df k'FhLut nfe s/;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&@ sf]
kl/R5]b # df s'g} k|fs[lts JolQmsf] 3/hUuf -3/ tyf 3/n] cf]u6]sf] hUuf_ u}/Jofj;flos s/of]Uo
;DklQsf] ?kdf klxrfg gx'g k|fs[lts JolQmsf] lghL ejgsf] :jfldTj !) jif{eGbf a9L cjlw /x]sf]
/ bz jf ;f]eGbf a9L cjlw k6s k6s jf cljlR5Gg ?kdf a;f]af; u/]sf] cj:yf k"/f ePsf]df
;DklQ lg;u{ ubf{ nfes/ gnfUg] pNn]v 5 . cljlR5Gg bz jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L a;f]af; u/]sf] 3/
/ 3/n] cf]u6]sf] If]qkmn a/fj/sf] hUufsf] lg;u{df dfq k'FhLut nfes/ 5'6 x'g'kg]{df dfnkf]t
sfof{no sn+sL, l8NnLahf/, rfalxn / nlntk'/;d]t $ sfof{nosf $% lg;u{stf{sf] lg;u{df ejg
/ ejgn] cf]u6]sf] If]qkmn a/fa/sf] hUuf eGbf a9L hUufsf] d"Nodf ;d]t k'FhLut nfes/ 5'6
lbPsf] sf/0f ?=$$ s/f]8 *^ nfv &% xhf/sf] hUuf lg;u{df @=% k|ltztsf b/n] x'g] k'FhLut
nfes/ ?=! s/f]8 !@ nfv !^ xhf/ 5'6 ePsf] 5 . pQm /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
20. vr{ s§Lsf] k|df0f – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf (%-s_ sf] pkbkmf -#_ df lg;u{stf{n] hUuf tyf
ejgsf] laqmL ubf{ lg;u{stf{n] vl/b u/]sf] d"No tyf k|zf;lgs b:t'/ 36fO{ /fh:j ltg]{ Joj:yf
ePsf]df dfnkf]t sfof{no nlntk'/, l8NnLahf/, s+nsL, rfalxn, jL/uGh, dgd}h', 6f]vf / 6Lsfk'/
;d]tsf *@ lg;u{stf{sf] hUuf tyf 3/ laqmL ubf{ vl/b vr{ bfaL u/]sf] ?=%* s/f]8 ^@ nfv $&
xhf/sf] vr{sf] k|df0f k]; gu/]sf]n] k'FhLut nfes/ ?=! s/f]8 (% nfv $^ xhf/ c;'n ug{'kb{5 .
21. 3/sf] nfut vr{ s§L — lg;u{stf{n] 3/ vl/b u/L laqmL ubf{ vl/b ubf{sf] nfut vr{ dfq s§L ug{
kfpg]df :yfgLo txn] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] d"No a/fa/sf] /sd vr{ s§L u/]sf] b]lvof] . 3/ vl/b ubf{sf]
lnvtdf plNnlvt d"Nodfq vr{df s§L ug{ kfpg]df dfnkf]t sfof{no, l8NnLahf/cGtu{tsf !%
lg;u{stf{n] 3/sf] nfut vr{ bfaL ubf{ :yfgLo txn] o; jif{sf] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] d"No vr{ s§L
u/]sf] tyf 3/ vl/b ubf{sf] lnvtdf plNnlvt /sd nfut vr{ 36fO{ ;s]sf] cj:yfdf k'gM :yfgLo
txsf] l;kmfl/;adf]lhdsf] 3/sf] d"No;d]t 36fO{ bf]xf]/f] vr{ 36fPsf] x'Fbf vl/b nfuteGbf a9L tyf
bf]xf]/f] bfaL u/]sf] vr{ ?=^ s/f]8 @$ nfv ^$ xhf/sf] k'FhLut nfes/ ?=@) nfv %( xhf/ c;'n
ug'{kb{5 .
22. btf{kmf/Lsf] lnvtdf nfes/ – tLg k':tfleq vl/b laqmL afx]s cGo lsl;dn] ;+o'Qm gfddf
x:tfGt/0f eO{ cfPsf] ;Dklt -hUuf tyf 3/hUuf_ btf{kmf/L u/L cf–cfˆgf] gfddf sfod ubf{ ?=#)
nfv jf ;f]eGbf a9Lsf] lnvtdf k'FhLut nfes/ c;'n ug{k' g]{ Joj:yf 5 . dfnkf]t sfof{no
l8NnLahf/n] $ hgfsf] ;+o'Qm gfddf /x]sf] @)%(.*.% sf] /fhLgfdfsf] lnvtaf6 k|fKt u/]sf
;DklQsf] btf{kmf/L ubf{ sfod u/]sf] y}nL ?=^ s/f]8 %* nfv @& xhf/sf] @=% k|ltztn] x'g] k'FhLut
nfes/ ?=!^ nfv $% xhf/ c;'n ug{ 5'6 ePsf]n] ;DalGwt kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/L agfO{ c;'n
ug'{kb{5 .
23. ;Da4 JolQmaLrsf] sf/f]af/ – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf $! tyf hUUff tyf 3/ hUuf lg;u{df
k'FhLut nfes/;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&@ sf] a'Fbf $=& adf]lhd s'g} ;dodf Pp6f ;d"xdf kg]{ ;DklQ
;f]sf] k|of]u cGo k|of]hgsf] nflu k|of]u x'g yfn]df ;f] ;DklQ ;f]xL ;dodf lgM;u{ eP ;/x x'g]
Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . ;f] ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
23.1. dfnkf]t sfof{no, l8NnLahf/cGtu{t Ps l;g]df k|f=ln=n] ! /f]kgL !! cfgf # bfd hUuf / ;f]df
ag]sf] 3/;d]t ?=!% s/f]8 &$ nfv & xhf/df Ps JolQmnfO{ @)&%.#.!! df lg;u{ u/]sf]df To;sf]
b'O{ lbgkl5 pQm JolQmn] ;f]xL 3/ hUuf ?=$^ s/f]8df -@(@=@$ k|ltzt a9Ldf_ Ps xf]6nnfO{ laqmL
u/]sf] b]lvof] . b'O{ lbgsf] cjlwdf ?=#) s/f]8 @^ nfv a9Ldf cGoq ;Da4 kIfnfO{ laqmL ubf{ !)
k|ltztn] x'g] k'FhLut nfes/ 5'6 x'g] cj:yf /x]sf] b]lvof] .
23.2. dfnkf]t sfof{no, nlntk'/cGtu{tsf] Ps ;xsf/Ln] ;fd'bflos c:ktfnsf] nflu ;~rfns ;ldltsf]
lg0f{oaf6 wfkfv]nl:yt ! /f]kgL * cfgf @ bfd hUuf / 3/;d]t ;~rfns;Fu ;Da4 JolQm;Fu ?=!^
s/f]8 %) nfvdf vl/b u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;xfos kSsL af6f]ePsf] ;f] If]qsf] hUufsf] d"No Go"gtd
d"NofÍgcg';f/ k|lt cfgf ?=% nfv %) xhf/ /x]sf]df sf/f]af/cg';f/ k|lt cfgf ?=^% nfvsf b/n]
vl/b u/]sf] b]lvG5 . To:t} ;jf/L;fwg;DaGwL sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ps sDkgLn] nlntk'/sf] % xhf/ %$@
ju{ld6/ If]qkmnsf] ^ lsQf hUUff ;f]xL sDkgLsf ;~rfnsnfO{ ?=!$ s/f]8 &* nfvdf lg;u{ u/]sf]
b]lvG5 . o;k|sf/sf] sf/f]af/af6 s/ bfloTjdf kg]{ c;/ olsg ug'{kb{5 .
gfkL ljefu
24. nIo k|ult — jflif{s nIocg';f/ k|ult xfl;n ug'{kb{5 . ljefu dftxt sfof{noaf6 o; jif{ *^%
x]S6/df ufpF Ans gfkL ug]{ /x]sf]df ^^# x]S6/, # xhf/ !)) x]S6/df k'gM gfkL tyf l8lh6n gfkL
ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df @ xhf/ *)! x]S6/, lgoGq0f laGb' %)) ;+Vofdf :yfkgf ug'{kg]{df #*! ;+Vofdf,
åGbaf6 Ifltu|:t e"ld nut, gfkgS;f u/L !@ xhf/ ^)) x]S6/df k'g:yf{kgf ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df !@
xhf/ %*%, :yn?k gS;f lkmN8 e]l/lkms];g @) zL6 ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df !& zL6, gfkL sfof{nodf
Ifltk"lt{;lxtsf] a8fkq nfu" ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df %) gfkL sfof{nodf dfq nfu" u/]sf] 5 . tf]lsPsf]
nIocg';f/ k|ult xfl;n ug'{kb{5 .
25. ;]jf k|jfx — gfkL sfof{nodf cgnfOg ;]jf nfu" ug'{kg]{, lkmN8 a's, Kn6 /lh:6/, l8lh6n k|ljlwdf
tof/ u/L s]Gb|Lo clen]v /xg'kg]{df pQm sfo{ ug{ z'?jft;Dd u/] tfklg ;a} sfof{nodf nfu" ePsf]
5}g . ljefun] dftxtsf gfkL sfof{nodf o; jif{ ljB'tLo ;]jfk|jfxsf nflu sDKo'6/, lk|G6/, ;e{/
nufotsf ;fdfg vl/b u/L ?=&* nfv *@ xhf/ vr{ u/]sf]df xfn;Dd ;DalGwt sfof{nox?df klg
gk7fO{ df}Hbft /x]sf]n] ;]jfk|jfxdf c;/ k/]sf] 5 . ;]jf ;'ljwf ;'wf/sf] nflu 6f]sg k|0ffnL nfu" ug]{,
cgnfOg ;]jf z'? ug]{, hUufsf] cTolws v08Ls/0f /f]Sg e"—pkof]u gLltsf] cfwf/df gofF lsQfsf6
ug]{, gofF / k'gM hfFr u/L hUufsf] xfn;fljs ug]{ sfo{df tLj|tf lbg] / :jrflnt k|ljlwsf] pkof]udf
a9fjf lbO{ hgck]Iffcg';f/sf] ;]jf k|jfx ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfosf] Wofg hfg'kg]{ b]lvof] .
26. sfh – lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf !*s-!_ df lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ Ps jif{df # dlxgfeGbf
a9L cjlwsf] nflu sfh v6fpg gldNg] Joj:yf 5 . t/ gfkL sfof{no, lvlhkmnfF6], cf]vn9'Ëfsf
sfof{no k|d'vnfO{ jif{el/ g} ljz]if gfkL sfof{no, c5fd sfhdf v6fO{ ?=% nfv ( xhf/ tna
eQfdf vr{ n]v]sf] 5 . hUuf lsQfsf6 ;DaGwL sfo{ hgtf;Fu k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /xg] If]q /x]sf]df
jif{el/ g} sfof{no k|d'v cg'kl:yt /xFbf ;]jf k|jfxdf c;/ k/]sf] 5 .
27. b/aGbL tyf kbk"lt{ — ljefudf $%@ b/aGbL /x]sf]df ##$ sf] kbk"lt{ ePsf] 5 . k|d'v gfkL clws[t
^, gfkL clws[t !!, ;e]{Ifs $$ / cldg !& sf] k"n b/aGbL /x]sf] 5 . d'Vo k|fljlws hgzlQm l/Qm
/xFbf ;]jf k|jfxdf c;/ kg{ uPsf] 5 .
;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0ftkm{
;d'bfodf 5l/P/ /x]sf] >d, ;Lk, k|ljlw / k"+lhnfO{ Pslqt u/L /fli6«o cy{tGqdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg],
;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] u7g, ;~rfng / lgoGq0f sfo{nfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{, cfjZos ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgfut /
Joj:yfkg jLr Ifdtfdf j[l4 ug{] p2]Zon] ;fljsdf :yfkgf ePsf #* ;xsf/L l8lehg sfof{no xfn vf/]h
u/]sf] 5 . rf}wf}+ of]hgfdf ;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ ;b:o s]lGb|t / ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t Joj;fosf] ?kdf k|j4{g ug]{,
;xsf/Ldf cfwfl/t pTkfbg pBd / ;]jf Joj;fosf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ u/L d'n'ssf] lbuf] / ;dtfd"ns
cfly{s ;fdflhs ljsf;df of]ubfg k'¥ofpg], ;xsf/Lsf] l;4fGt / d"Nox?sf] k|j4{g ub}{ ;xsf/Lsf]
Joj:yfkgsf ljlw / k|lqmofdf ;'wf/ ug]{ p2]Zo /x]sf]df pknlAw;lxtsf] ljj/0f k]; ePg .
28. ;dGjo — ul/aL lgjf/0f;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{ lgsfox?aLr Ps cfk;df ;dGjo x'g'kb{5 . o;
dGqfnocGtu{tsf] ul/aL 3/kl/jf/ ;xof]u ;dGjo af]8{n] ?=@ s/f]8 (^ nfv / u/La;Fu ljZj]Zj/
sfo{qmd ;~Rffng ug{:yfgLo txn] ?=@^ nfv $^ xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] 5 . ul/aL lgjf/0f;DaGwL eP
u/]sf sfo{x?sf] PsLs[t pknlAw ljj/0f k]; gePsf], ul/aL lgjf/0f;DaGwL sfo{ ljleGg lgsfoaf6
x'g] u/]sf]n] sfo{qmddf bf]xf]/f] kg]{ b]lvPsf] x'Fbf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ lgsfoaLr ;dGjo x'g'kb{5 .
29. ;d:ofu|:t ;xsf/L ;+:yf – ;d:ofu|:t ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg x'g'kb{5 . ;d:ofu|:t ;xsf/L
;+:yfsf] 5fgljg ug{ ul7t hf+Frj'em cfof]u, @)&) sf] k|ltj]bgdf ;d:ofu|:t ;xsf/L ;+:yf !#)
/x]sf] pNn]v 5 . ;d:ofu|:t ;xsf/L Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] @)&%.!).% sf] k|ltj]bgcg';f/
;d:ofu|:tdWo] !) ;xsf/Lsf] Aofh;lxtsf] s'n bfloTj ?=!% ca{ $* s/f]8 #( nfv /x]sf] pNn]v
5 . ;d:ofu|:t ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf /x]sf] ;j{;fwf/0fsf] art, ;b:ox?sf] ;]o/, g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{
a'emfpg'kg]{ s/, a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] shf{, ckf6{d]G6 a'lsªstf{n] a'emfPsf] /sdsf] 5fglag u/L
/sd lkmtf{ u/]sf] 5}g . ;d:ofu|:t ;xsf/L ;+:yf / ;f]sf] bfloTj ;DaGwdf plrt lg0f{o u/L ;d:of
;dfwfg ug'{kb{5 .
30. ;]o/, lgIf]k tyf nufgL ;'/Iff – ;xsf/L P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf (* df dGqfnon] lg/LIf0f tyf
cg'udg ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] tYofÍ, @)&% cg';f/ cl:tTjdf /x]sf art tyf
C0f, ax'p2]ZoLo s[lif / t/sf/L tyf kmnkm"n cflb ;d]t #$ xhf/ %!@ ;+3 ;+:yfdf ;]o/ k'FhL ?=@
va{ &# ca{ !& s/f]8, lgIf]k ?=# va{ @ ca{ !^ s/f]8 / C0f nufgL ?=@ va{ &# ca{ &! s/f]8
/x]]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm ;+VofdWo] art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf !# xhf/ %&* / ax'p2]ZoLo ;xsf/L
;+:yf $ xhf/ #&! ;d]t !& xhf/ ($( ;+:yfsf] ;]o/ k'FhL *( k|ltzt tyf lgIf]k (# k|ltzt
/x]sf] 5 . s'n C0f nufgLdWo] oL ;+:yfx?n] dfq **=% k|ltzt nufgL u/]sf] / oL ;+:yfdf k|fKt
ePsf] lgIf]ksf] ()=%* k|ltzt C0f nufgL u/]sf 5g\ . ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?df /x]sf] ;]o/k'FhL, lgIf]k
tyf nufgLsf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu aLdfnufotsf ;'/Iff pkfox?sf] cjnDag u/L Go"g cfo ePsf ju{sf]
;]o/ k'FhL, lgIf]k tyf nufgLnufotsf] /sd ;'/lIft agfpg'kb{5 .
31. ;~rfns km/f/ – ;xsf/L P]g, @)&$ cg';f/ ;fgf tyf Go"g cfo ePsf artstf{x?af6 ;Ílnt
lgIf]k tyf ;]o/ /sd ;+:yfleqsf ;~rfns tyf Joj:yfksx?n] lnO{ km/f/ ePdf pgLx?nfO{ bl08t
u/L lxgfldgf /sd c;'n u/L artstf{ tyf ;]o/wgLx?nfO{ lkmtf{ u/fpg'kb{5 . ;xsf/L ljefuaf6
k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ *# ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf ;~rfns km/f/ /x]sf] dWo] %! ;+:yfsf] ?=!@ s/f]8 @!
nfvdfq bfloTj olsg u/]sf] / cGosf] cj:yf v'n]sf] 5}g . ctM ljefun] ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?df lgIf]k
;Íngstf{ / artstf{x?sf] ;]o/ tyf lgIf]k /sdsf] ;'/Iffsf pkfo cjnDag u/L euf}8f
;~rfnssf] vf]hL u/L k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd bl08t tyf lxgfldgf /sd c;'n ug]{tkm{ sf/afxL
x'g'kg]{ egL ut k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v u/]sf]df xfn;Dd sfg'gL sf/afxL u/]sf] b]lvPg .
32. cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg – ;fljssf #* l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nox? vf/]h e} pQm lgsfox?n] ub}{
cfPsf sfo{x? k|b]z tyf :yfgLo txdf x:tfGt/0f ePsf] 5 . b]ze/ && lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3, #@*
ljifout lhNnf ;xsf/L ;+3, @) ljifout s]Gb|Lo ;xsf/L ;+3, /fli6«o ;xsf/L a}Í / /fli6«o ;xsf/L
dxf;+3 nufot ;xsf/L ;+:yf #$ xhf/ %!@ df ^# nfv -%@ k|ltzt dlxnf_ ;b:o /x]sf 5g\ .
dGqfnon] * lhNnfsf !( tyf ;xsf/L ljefuaf6 !)( ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] cg'udg u/]sf] ljj/0f
k|fKt ePsf] 5 . s'n ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?dWo] Hofb} Go"g ;+Vofsf] dfq cg'udg u/]sf]n] cg'udg
tyf d"NofÍg k|efjsf/L b]lvPg . ;xsf/L ;~rfng ;DaGwdf sltko ;xsf/L ;+:yfaf6 /sd
lxgfldgf x'g] u/]sf], ;+:yfut ljQLo ;'zf;gsf] cefj /xg] u/]sf], Ps} JolQm ljleGg ;+:yfdf
;b:otf /xFbf ;xsf/L ;b:osf] ;+Vof w]/} b]lvPsf] / ;xsf/L ;+3, ;+:yf btf{ / ;~rfng l:yltsf]
cg'udg sfo{ k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg sfo{ k|efjsf/L agfpg'kb{5 .

;/sf/L / ;fj{hlgs hUufsf] pkof]u tyf ;+/If0f
;/sf/L / ;fj{hlgs hUufsf] clen]v l:ylt, ;+/If0f tyf pkof]usf ;DaGwdf df}h'bf gLltsf]
sfof{Gjogsf] k|efjsf/Ltf d"NofÍg ug{] p2]Zon] ul/Psf]] sfo{d"ns n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pn]Vo Joxf]/fx?
b]xfoadf]lhd 5g\M
33. gfkL / s]Gb|Lo clen]v — hUuf -gfkhfFr_ P]g, @)!( sf] bkmf # df g]kfn ;/sf/n] b]zleqsf] ;Dk"0f{
jf s'g} hUufsf] k|s[ltut ?kdf gfkhfFr ug]{ / ;f]xLadf]lhd gS;f ;|]:tf cBfjlws ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf
5 . dfnkf]t P]g, @)#$ df ;/sf/L hUufsf] cg';"rL @ s / ;fj{hlgs hUufsf] cg';"rL @v=
adf]lhd clen]v /fVg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . gfkL ljefun] pknJw u/fPsf] ljj/0fcg';f/ ^) xhf/ &^)
ju{ lsnf]ld6/ -s'n e" efusf] sl/a $! k|ltzt_ dfq gfk gS;f tof/ ePsf] b]lvof] . dfnkf]t
sfof{nox?n] ;/sf/L hUuf / ;fj{hlgs hUufsf]] s]Gb|Lo clen]v;d]t /fv]sf 5}gg\ . ;Dk"0f{ hUuf
gfkL u/L] s]Gb|Lo clen]v tof/ gxF'bf b]zdf /x]sf] s'n hUufdWo] ;/sf/L hUuf / ;fj{hlgs hUufsf]
oyfy{ cj:yf hfgsf/L x'g] cj:yf 5}g . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;/sf/L tyf ;fj{hlgs
hUufsf] gfk gS;f;lxtsf] s]Gb|Lo clen]v tof/ ug{'kb{5 .
34. lnhsf] clen]v — ;/sf/L hUufbtf{ tyf lnhdf pknAw u/fpg] ;DaGwL sfo{gLlt, @)&! df lnhdf
lbPsf] hUufsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg ;DalGwt dfnkf]t sfof{non] ljefudf / ljefun] PsLs[t k|ult
k|ltj]bg dGqfnodf k]; ug'{kg]{ / sfo{gLlt k|f/De x'g' cl3 ef]uflwsf/df /x]sf ;/sf/L hUuf lnhdf
kl/0ft ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . sfo{gLltcg';f/ ;DalGwt lgsfo tyf dfnkf]t sfof{nox?n] jflif{s
k|ltj]bg tof/ u/]sf 5}gg\ . ljefusf] cfly{s jif{ @)&#.&$ sf] jflif{s k|ltj]bgcg';f/ s'n ^% nfv
$^ xhf/ ju{ld6/ ;/sf/L hUuf ef]uflwsf/ lbPsf]df # lgsfon] dfq ^! xhf/ ju{ld6/ -! k|ltzt_
hUuf lnhdf kl/0ft u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ef]uflwsf/df pknAw u/fPsf ;Dk"0f{ ;/sf/L hUuf lnhdf kl/0ft
u/L ;f]sf] oyfy{ clen]v tof/ ug'{kb{5 .
35. hUuf cltqmd0f — g]kfn ;/sf/ sfo{ ljefhg lgodfjnL, @)&$ n] ;/sf/L tyf ;fj{hlgs hUufsf]
;+/If0f ug{] sfo{ e"ld Joj:yf, ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f dGqfno / cGtu{tsf lgsfoaf6 x'g]
Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ n] cfˆgf] If]qleqsf] ;fj{hlgs hUufsf]
;+/If0f ug{] sfo{ ;DalGwt :yfgLo txnfO{ tf]s]sf] 5 . :yfgLo k|zf;g P]g, @)@* n] ;DalGwt k|d'v
lhNnf clwsf/L / dfnkf]t P]g, @)#$ n] dfnkf]t sfof{nonfO{ ;/sf/L tyf ;fj{hlgs hUufsf]
;+/If0fdf lhDd]jf/ agfPsf] 5 . e"–pkof]u gLlt, @)&@ n] kl/sNkgf u/]cg';f/ ;/sf/L / ;fj{hlgs
hUufsf] cBfjlws clen]v tof/ u/L lbuf] ;+/If0f / ;b'kof]u ug]{ sfd st{Jo / clwsf/;lxtsf]
:yfoL ;+oGqsf] :yfkgf ePsf] 5}g . k|fKt hfgsf/Lcg';f/ ;a} lhNnfdf ;/sf/L tyf ;fj{hlgs hUuf
cltqmd0f ePsf] pNn]v 5 . n]vfk/LIf0fsf] qmddf ljleGg & ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] ^^ xhf/ ju{ld6/
;/sf/L hUuf cltqmd0f ePsf] b]lvof] . jg tyf e" ;+/If0f ljefusf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg @)&#.&$
cg';f/ ;fj{hlgs hUufsf] ?kdf /x]sf] jg If]qsf] dfq} ($& ju{ ls=ld= hUuf cltqmd0f ePsf]
b]lvof] . g]kfn ;/sf/n] cltqmd0f ePsf hUUffsf] klxrfg u/L clen]v cBfjlws /fVg] k|0ffnL tof/
u/]sf] b]lvPg . cltqmd0f ePsf hUufsf] PsLs[t tYofÍ gx'Fbf cltqmldt hUufsf] jf:tljs kl/df0f
olsg x'g ;s]g . cg'udg Pj+ lg/LIf0f sfo{ k|efjsf/L ePsf] 5}g . plNnlvt Joj:yf cg';f/
cg'udgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfO{ cltqmd0f ePsf] hUufsf] nut ;Íng, cBfjlws Pj+ lkmtf{ u/L
;/sf/L Pj+ ;fj{hlgs hUufsf] ;+/If0f ug{'kb{5 .
36. hUuf ef8f — ;/sf/L hUuf btf{ tyf lnhdf pknJw u/fpg] ;DaGwL sfo{gLlt, @)&! df
ef]uflwsf/df /x]sf] ;/sf/L hUuf sfo{gLlt k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] ^ dlxgf leq lnhdf kl/0ft ug{'kg]{
/ ;/sf/L hUuf ef8f jf lnhdf nufpFbf ;DalGwt dfnkf]t sfof{non] /lhi6«];g k|of]hgsf] nflu
tf]s]sf]] Go"gtd d"NofÍgnfO{ cfwf/ lnO{ sfo{gLltsf] cg';"rL ! df pNn]v ePsf] lnh /sddf g36fO{
k|lt:kwf{af6 nufpg'kg{] pNn]v 5 . pQm sfo{gLltdf lnhafkt k|fKt /sd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] /fh:j

vftfdf bflvnf ug{'kg{] pNn]v 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ;+/If0f tyf ef]urngsf] nflu ;dfh sNof0f
kl/ifb\, e[s'6L d08knfO{ pknJw u/fPsf ($ /f]kgL hUuf sfo{gLltadf]lhd lnhdf k/L0ft u/L
tf]lsPsf] b/af6 ef8f c;'n ug{'kg{]df Go"g b/df ef8fdf nufPaf6 kl/ifb\nfO{ @)&$.&% df ?=*@
nfv %! xhf/ 36L ef8f k|fKt ePsf] b]lvof] . ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifbnfO{ k|fKt hUufdWo] !(# /f]kgL
;/sf/L hUuf ut ljutb]lv ljleGg lghL tyf cGo ;+3 ;+:yfx?nfO{ ef8fdf nufpFb} cfPsf]df
@)&$.&% sf] cGTo;Dd ?=$ s/f]8 @% nfv aSof}tf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . kl/ifbnfO{ ;+/If0f tyf
ef]urngsf] nflu k|fKt ;/sf/L hUuf lnhdf kl/0ft u/L Joj:yfkg ug'{kb{5 .
lgisif{ — ;/sf/L tyf ;fj{hlgs hUufx?sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;f]sf] k|efjsf/L pkof]u ;DaGwdf sfo{of]hgf
gePsf], hUUff btf{ tyf gfkgS;f ;lxtsf] lhNnfut / s]Gb|Lo clen]v gePsf], ;/sf/L tyf ;fj{hlgs hUuf
cltqmd0fdf /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . ctM ;DalGwt lgsfox?aLr ;dGjo sfod u/L cltqmldt hUufsf] clen]v
cBfjlws u/L lkmtf{ ug{], pkof]u ljxLg hUufsf] k|efjsf/L pkof]u ug{] / clen]v Joj:yfkgnfO{ ;'b[9
agfpg ;DalGwt lgsfox?n] Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
u'7L hUufsf] pkof]u
u'7L hUufsf] nut tof/ ug{] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g ug{], cltqmd0f x'g glbg], Jojl:yt ?kdf pkof]u u/L
cfocfh{g ug{], hUufsf] pkof]uafkt k|fKt b]j:jsf] lx;falstfa b'?:t /fVg] tyf p7\g afFsL u'7L /sdsf]
nut /fvL cfjZos sf/afxL cufl8 a9fpg] sfo{ u'7L ;+:yfgn] ub{5 . u'7L hUufsf] clen]v, pkof]u /
;+/If0f ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] sfo{d"ns n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f b]xfoadf]lhd 5g\M
37. hUufsf] clen]v tyf ;+/If0f – u'7L ;+:yfgn] @)&! df tof/ u/]sf] clen]v cg';f/ kxf8df % nfv
^! xhf/ (() /f]kgL / t/fO{df ^^ xhf/ ##) ljufxf u'7L hUuf /x]sf] b]lvPtfklg tTkZrft\ hUufsf]
clen]v cBfjlws u/]sf] 5}g . ;+:yfgsf] clen]v k|0ffnL k/Dk/fut tyf cToGt k'/fgf] ePsf sf/0f
hUufsf] clen]v Joj:yfkgdf ;d:of b]lvPsf] 5 . To:t} u'7L ;+:yfg s]Gb|Lo nut tyf clen]v
zfvf sfof{no, eb|sfnL sf7df8f}+df k'/fgf nfndf]x/, ;gb, ;jfn, tfd|kq, nut, df]7,
;|]:tfnufotsf clen]v /x]sf 5g\ . pQm sfof{nosf] ejg hL0f{ cj:yfdf /x]sf]n] tfd|kq, :j0f{kq
cflb ;d]t /x]sf o:tf dxTjk"0f{ clen]vnfO{ k|sfz, cfb{|tf, tfkqmd ldnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{;s]sf]
b]lvFb}g . s]xL jif{ klxn] j}b]lzs ;xfotfaf6 ;~rflnt kl/of]hgfn] clen]vnfO{ dfOqmf]lkmNd /
l8lh6fOh];g ug{ ;xof]u u/] tfklg tt\kZrft ;f]sf] lg/Gt/tf / hu]gf{df ;+:yfgn] kof{Kt Wofg
lbg;s]sf] 5}g . nutx?sf] ;+/If0f ug{ g;s]df u'7L ;DklQsf] gfz x'g] / cltqmd0f x'g]
;Defjgftkm{ ;+:yfgsf] Wofg hfg'kb{5 .
38. hUuf pkof]u gLlt – u'7L hUufsf] pkof]u ;DaGwdf bL3{sfnLg tyf cNksfnLg gLlt th{'df ug{'kb{5 .
;+:yfg dftxtsf % k|sf/sf hUufx?sf] k|efjsf/L] pkof]u ug{ ;+:yfgn] s'g} gLlt tof/ u/]sf] 5}g .
;+:yfgsf] ;]jfnfO{ k|efjsf/L / cfw'lgs tj/n] ;~rfng ug{ ;+:yfgn] cWoog d"Nof+sg u/]sf]
kfOPg . ;+:yfgsf ;du| sfo{ ;~rfng tyf hUufsf] pkof]unfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg gofF u'7L P]gsf]
d:of}bf tof/ u/L ;DalGwt dGqfnodf k]; u/]sf] ! jif{ eP tfklg To;n] clGtd ?k lnPsf] kfOPg .
t;y{ gLlt tyf /0fgLlt tof/ u/L k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfo{ ;~rfng ug{'kb{5 .
39. hUufsf] klxrfg / pkof]u – ;+:yfg dftxt /x]sf] u'7L t}gfyL hUufx?sf] pkof]u ug{sf] nflu
Jofkfl/s b[li6sf]0fn] dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf d'Vo zx/sf k|d'v :yfgx?sf] klxrfg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . Jofkfl/s
ejgx? tof/ u/L lnhdf lbO{ cfo cfh{g ug{ af]nkq jf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/] tfklg clwsf+z sfo{
;kmn x'g;s]sf] b]lvFb}g . ;+:yfgn] ;"rgf k|sfzg u/] kl5 clwsf+z hUufdf :yfgLo hgtfaf6
lgdf{0f sfo{ cj/f]w ug{] u/L lgj]bg k/]sf], sfd sf/afxL gu/fpg cbfntdf d'2f k/L ljrf/fwLg
/x]sf] b]lvG5 . h;sf s]xL pbfx/0f lgDGffg';f/ 5g\M
39.1. sf7df8f}F+sf] aa/dxnl:yt s]bf/]Zj/ dxfb]j u'7L t}gfyL ls=g+= !*$,l;6 g+= !!$%–@) sf] @ /f]kgL
!$ cfgf If]qkmnsf] hUuf :ynut cjnf]sg ubf{ cltqmd0fdf k/]sf] kfOof] . /fli6«o o'jf kl/ifb\nfO{
laqmL ug{sf] nflu kqfrf/ tyf d"NofÍg ;d]t ePsf] hUuf laqmL ePsf] 5}g . hUufsf] pQ/tkm{
:yfgLo afl;Gbfn] lghL k|of]hgsf nflu af6f] vf]n]sf] b]lvG5 eg] ;f]xL lbzfdf Ps ljsf; ;dfhn]
6«; ejg lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . hUufsf] k"j{ blIf0f efusf] hUuf cltqmd0f u/L @÷# 6x/f agfPsf 5g\ .
pQm cltqmd0fnfO{ ;+:yfgn] x6fpg ;s]sf] kfOPg .
39.2. sf7df8f}+ sdnfbL u0f]z dlGb/ kl/;/df ;+:yfgsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] Ps ;Qn k'/fgf] eO{ hL0f{ ePsf]
b]lvG5 . ;Qnsf] e'FO{tnfdf * k;n ;~rfngdf /x]sf] / ;f]sf] dflyNnf] tnfdf ljleGg JolQmx?
a;f]af; u/]sf] kfOof] . pQm k;nx? ;+:yfgn] axfndf nufPsf] eP tfklg ;+:yfgnfO{ cToGt Go"g
/sd k|fKt ePsf] b]lvG5 . Jofkfl/s b[li6sf]0fn] dxTjk"0f{ pQm :yfgdf k'/fg} z}nLdf Jojl:yt ;Qn
agfpg] / dlGb/sf] jftfj/0fdf c;/ gkg]{ k|s[ltsf Joj;fosf nflu ef8fdf lbg] xf] eg] ;+:yfgsf]
cfo j[l4 x'g] b]lvG5 .
39.3. sf7df8f}+F rfalxnl:yt ls=g+= !)) sf] !) /f]kgL * cfgf hUuf /x]sf] rqm k"hf u'7L hUufsf] ljifodf
;jf{]Rr cbfntaf6 @)&$.*.@@ df ;+:yfgsf] kIfdf lg0f{o eO{ pQm hUuf ;+:yfg dftxt cfPsf]
b]lvG5 . pQm hUufdf /x]sf] 3/ 6x/f ;+:yfgsf] kxndf @)&% efb|df x6fPsf]df @)&%.^.!! df k'gM
;jf{]Rr cbfntdf k'g/fjf]nsg nflu d'2f bfo/ ePsf]n] ;+:yfgn] pkof]u ug{ g;s]sf] cj:yf 5 .
u'7L hUufx?sf] pkof]u ug{sf nflu :ki6 sfo{of]hgf ;lxt ;+:yfg cufl8 a9\g'kb{5 .
pkof]uaf6 pRr k|ltkmn k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] :yfgx?sf] klxrfg u/L ;f]cg';f/ Joj:yfkg ug{'kb{5 .
40. hUufsf] cltqmd0f – d'n'se/ &) lhNnfdf ;+:yfgsf hUuf /x]sf 5g\ . clwsf+z lhNnfsf u'7L
hUUffx? cltqmd0fdf k/] tfklg cltqmldt hUufsf] PsLs[t / cBfjlws nut tof/ u/]sf] 5}g . o;
40.1. a[xQ/ hgsk'/If]q ljsf; kl/ifb hgsk'/wfdaf6 k|fKt ljj/0f cg';f/ /fd dlGb/ u'7L, nId0f dlGb/
u'7L, /Tg;fu/ u'7L, bz/y dlGb/ u'7L, xg'dfg gu/ u'7L nufotsf u'7Lx?sf] ! xhf/ !** lsQf
hUuf cltqmd0fdf k/]sf] pNn]v 5 . bfªsf] gf/fo0fk'/df /x]sf] sl/a !%& /f]kgL hUuf cltqmd0fdf
k/]sf] ;+:yfgn] hgfPsf] 5 . sf7df8f}F pkTosfleq klg hUuf cltqmd0f ePsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf]
5.
40.2. sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= &, u'Xo]Zj/L l:yt u'Xo]Zj/L l;Gb'/ rGbg t}gfyL u'7L hUuf ls=g+=
*$ sf] $ /f]kgL ( cfgf @ k};f @ bfd cltqmd0fdf k/]sf] 5 . pQm hUufsf] b'j}tkm{ af6f] agfPsf],
k"j{tkm{ cltqmd0f u/L sl/a !%÷!^ ;fgf 7"nf 3/ -kSsL ;d]t_ 6x/f lgdf{0f u/]sf], klZrdtkm{ 6f]n
;'wf/ ejg / v]nd}bfg agfPsf] 5 . ;+/rgf ag]kl5 ! /f]kgL @ cfgf hUufdfq afFsL /x]sf] ;+:yfgn]
hgfPsf] 5 . cltqmd0f x6fpg];DaGwdf @)&$.!@.! df ;+:yfgn] k'gM lg0f{o u/]tfklg x6fpg ;s]sf]
5}g .
40.3. sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= & l:yt e08f/]Zj/ u'7Lsf] ls= g+= ( / !) sf] qmdzM # /f]kgL @
cfgf # bfd / % /f]kgL ( cfgf @ bfd ! k};f hUuf cltqmd0f ePsf] b]lvG5 . of] u'7L hUuf
;Gof;Lx?sf] ;dfwLsf] nflu / kz'kltdf b}lgs eLd;]gkftL r9fpgsf nflu Joj:yf ePsf] pNn]v
5 . cjnf]sg ubf{ hUufsf] aLraf6 :yfgLo jfl;Gbfn] ;+:yfgsf] :jLs[lt a]u/ df]6/af6f] vf]n]sf],
ljleGg JolQmx?sf] Joj;flos k|of]hgsf] nflu 6x/f agfPsf] / Ps lu|n pBf]u ;+rfng u/]sf] b]lvof] .
;+:yfgn] cltqmd0f x6fpg af/Daf/ kqfrf/ u/] tfklg l:ylt oyfjt\ /x]sf] 5 .
40.4. sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf 6]s' l:yt lsQf g+=$! sf] 6]s' huGgfy dlGb/sf] t}gfyL u'7L hUuf
cltqmd0fdf k/]sf] kfOof] . pQm dlGb/;Fu} /x]sf] hUufdf JolQmn] ;+:yfgsf] :jLs[lt glnO{ k'/fgf
;fdu|L ;Íng ug]{ :yfgsf] ?kdf Jofkfl/s k|of]hgfy{ pkof]u u/]sf] 5 . ;f]xL hUufdf /x]sf dlGb/sf
;Qnx?df s]xL kl/jf/ a;f]af; u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
ctM u'7L ;+:yfgsf] d'Vo ;d:ofsf] ?kdf hUUff cltqmd0f /x]sf] x'Fbf To;nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{
r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{'kg{] Pj+ ;DalGwt dGqfno / k|x/L k|zf;g;Fusf] ;dGjodf
cltqmd0f x6fpg'kb{5 .

41. hUuf ef]uflwsf/ – hgsk'/df /x]sf] af/fxL u'7Lsf] hUufdWo] !) lsQfsf ^ ljufxf # s¶f % w'/
hUuf;+:yfg ;~rfns ;ldltsf] @)%).@.# / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] @)&%.@.!# sf] lg0f{o cg';f/
hgsxhf/L ljBfkL7nfO{ cWoog sfo{ ;+rfng x'Fbf;Ddsf] nflu ef]urng ug{ pknAw u/fpg] u/L
lbPsf] kfOof] . o;/L ef]urng eO/x]sf] hUufdWo] l;6 gDa/ !#%$÷!$ sf] lsQf gDa/ !, @, @* /
$( sf] @ ljufxf !$ w"/ hUuf /Tg;fu/ d7sf] dxGyn]sLt]{ u/L d7sf k"hf/Lsf] gfddf df]xL sfod
u/L gfd;f/L u/]sf] egL hgsxhf/L ljBfkL7sf k|frfo{n] lbPsf] ph'/Lsf cfwf/df lhNnf k|x/L
sfof{no, wg'iffn] dxGy / k"hf/LnfO{ kqmfp u/L cg';Gwfg cufl8 a9fPsf] 5 . hUUffwgL dxndf
/Tg;fu/ u'7Lsf] gfd / ;f]xL dxndf cfˆg} d7sf k'hf/Lsf] gfd pNn]v u/L nfnk"hf{ agfPsf]
;+:yfgsf] clen]vaf6 b]lvG5 . plNnlvt hUuf sLt{] u/L JolQmsf] gfddf gfd;f/L u/]sf] eGg] ph'/L
;+:yfgdf w]/} cufl8 k/]tfklg ;+:yfgn] k|efjsf/L sbd rfNg ;s]sf] kfOPg .ctM o;;DaGwdf
5fglag u/L u'7Lsf] hUuf lkmtf{ ug{'kb{5 .
42. :jLs[lt ljgf pkof]u – u'7L hUuf cGo lgsfo jf JolQmn] pkof]u ubf{ ;+:yfgsf] :jLs[lt lng'kb{5 .
;+:yfgsf] :jLs[lt ljgf ;/sf/L sfof{no, JolQm, ;+:yf jf lgsfon] u'7L hUufsf] pkof]u ul//x]sf]
kfOPsf] 5 . ;+:yfgaf6 k|fKt ljj/0f cg';f/ wg'iffdf @( sfof{non] ;+:yfgsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] ^$
/f]kgL & cfgf hUuf :jLs[lt a]u/ pkof]u u/]sf 5g\ . o;/L :jLs[lt j]u/ cGo lgsfon] pkof]u
u/]sf] u'7L hUufsf] lx;fa ubf{ caf{} ?k}ofF u'7L ;+:yfgnfO{ a'emfpg'kg{] b]lvG5 . ;+:yfgsf] k|d'v
cfo;|f]tsf] ?kdf /x]sf To:tf hUufsf] d'cfjhf, Ifltk"lt{, axfn gkfpFbf u'7L ;+:yfgsf] cfDbfgL
36]sf] 5 eg] u'7Lsf] :yfloTj g} r'gf}tLk"0f{ ag]sf] 5 . o;sf s]xL pbfx/0f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
42.1. sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !^ l:yt nIdLZj/ dxfb]j u'7Lsf] gfddf /x]sf] ls=g+= @#& sf] !)
/f]kgL @ bfd @ k};f hUufdf xfn dxfgu/Lo k|x/L j[Q, n}grf}/n] ejg lgdf{0f u/]sf] kfOof] . ejg
lgdf{0f ePsf] hfgsf/L kfPkl5 ;+:yfgaf6 @)&@.^.@& df :jLs[lt glnO{ 3/ lgdf{0f gu/fpg k|x/L
k|wfg sfof{nonfO{ hfgsf/L u/fPsf]df pQm j[Qn] pQm hUuf vl/b u/L ejg lgdf{0f ug]{ egL kqrf/
u/]sf] b]lvG5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% sf] d"NofÍg cg';f/ ?=! s/f]8 @# nfv ;+:yfgnfO{
a'emfpg'kg{]df ;+:yfgn] pQm /sd k|fKt ePsf]] 5}g . xfn pQm hUufdf j[Qsf] % tNnfsf] ejg lgdf{0f
eO;s]sf] kfOof] .
42.2. sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !, gS;fnl:yt gGbLs]z/ u'7Lsf] /}tfgL hUufdf hgcfGbf]ng
:df/s kfs{ lgdf{0f ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] @)^^.(.^ df lg0f{o u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f]cg';f/ ls=g+=$&( sf]
!( /f]kgL # cfgf @ bfd # k};f hUUff gfd;f/L ul/lbg'x'g egL @)^^.)(.@! df ;+:yfgdf cg'/f]w
u/]sf] 5 . hUufsf] d"NofÍg ug{ e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf dGqfnosf ;lrj ;lxt @)^&.@.@# df
a;]sf] a}7sn] hUufsf] d"NofÍg u/L k|ltj]bg lbg e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf ljefusf lgb{]zssf]
;+of]hsTjdf & ;b:oLo ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] / ;ldltn] @)^&.^* sf] d"NofÍg cg';f/ k|lt cfgf
?=!* nfvsf b/n] x'g] /sddf %) k|ltzt yk u/L] ?=*# s/f]8 & nfv %^ xhf/ lgwf{/0f u/L
@)^&.$.@! df k|ltj]bg k]z u/]sf] 5 . /sd pknAw u/fpg ;+:yfgn] k6s k6s cy{ dGqfnonfO{
kqfrf/ u/]sf]df xfn;Dd pQm /sd k|fKt ePsf] 5}g . ;fljssf] /sddf Jofh u0fgf ubf{ hUufsf]
d"No sl/a bf]Aa/ x'g hfG5 . xfn pQm hUufdf kfs{ lgdf{0f eO;s] tfklg ;+:yfgnfO{ /sd lbO{
ljlwjt\ ?kdf hUuf gfd;f/L ug]{ sfo{ ePsf] 5}g .
43. aSof}tf – u'7L ;+:yfg P]g, @)## sf] bkmf $! df c;'npk/ ug{'kg{] dfnkf]t, s"t, axfn, e"axfn,
k]:sL, 7]s, hl/jfgf, ljuf], z'Ns, cltl/Qm z'Ns, b:t'/ cflb afFsL aSof}tf ;+:yfgn] ;/sf/L afFsL
;/x ;DalGwt JolQmsf] lwtf] jf cGo hfoh]yf lnnfd laqmL u/L c;'n pk/ ug{] Joj:yf 5 .
;+:yfgsf] u'7L hUufsf] pkof]u u/]afkt ?=!^ ca{ @# s/f]8 &# nfv $) xhf/ p7\g afFsL aSof}tf
b]lvG5 . u'7L hUufsf] s't, dfnkf]t ltg{] k|j[ltdf sdL cfPsf], dlGqkl/ifb\af6 g} ;+:yfgnfO{ /sd
pknAw u/fpg] u/L ePsf lg0f{ox? ;d]t sfof{Gjog gx'Fbf ;+:yfgnfO{ 7"nf] cfly{s gf]S;fgL k/]sf]
cj:yf 5 . ctM hUufaf6 k|fKt x'g'kg{] s't, dfnkf]t, z]if s;/ cfDbfgLsf] PsLs[t ljj/0f tof/ u/L
hUufaf6 k|fKt x'g] /sdsf] Jojl:yt clen]v /fVg'kb{5 . ;fy} aSof}tf /sd p7fpg]tkm{ ;+:yfgn]

k|efjsf/L e"ldsf lgefpg'kb{5 . ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ;d]t aSof}tf /sd c;'nL ug{]tkm{ ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg'kg{] b]lvG5 .
44. nufgL – u'7L ;+:yfg P]g, @)## sf] bkmf !# -$_ df ;+:yfgsf] gfddf /x]sf] hfoh]yf laqmL eO{
;f]afkt k|fKt /sd ;+:yfgsf] cIfo sf]ifsf] ?kdf /flvg] / To:tf] /sd s'g} a}Ídf d'2tLvftfdf
hDdf ug{] jf 3/ k;n agfpg] h:tf :yfoL nufgL ug{] afx]s c? ;fnj;fnL vr{ ug{ gkfOg]
Joj:yf 5 . To;}u/L cIfosf]ifsf] nufgLaf6 k|fKt cfDbfgLsf] sDtLdf @%k|ltzt /sd clgjfo{ ?kdf
;f]xL sf]ifdf hDdf u/L afFsL /sd ;+:yfgsf] sfddf vr{ ug{ ;lsg] pNn]v 5 . ;+:yfgaf6 k|fKt
ljj/0f cg';f/ @)&%.!!.#) ;Dd o:tf] cIfo sf]ifdf ?=# ca{ !# s/f]8 ^& nfv /x]sf] 5 . cIfo
sf]ifdf /x]sf] pQm /sdaf6 Jofh cfDbfgLdfq ePsf] 5 . o; lsl;dsf] /sd pko'Qm If]qdf nufgL
ug{ sfg"gL Joj:yf, gLlt / of]hgf agfPsf] kfOPg . h;af6 ;+:yfgsf] ;DklQ / cfo j[l4df
pNn]vgLo of]ubfg k'u]sf] b]lvb}g . ctM cIfosf]ifsf] /sd ;b'kof]u ug{ nufgL gLlt tof/ u/L
sfof{Gjog ug{'kb{5 .
45. ;dGjo – u'7L hUufsf] clen]v, pkof]u tyf ;+/If0f ;DaGwdf ljleGg lgsfox?;Fu ;dGjo u/L
u'7L ;+:yfgn] sfo{ ug{'kg{] l:ylt 5 . o;;DaGwdf b]lvPsf k|d'v Joxf]/f b]xfoadf]lhd 5g\M
45.1. u'7L;+:yfg P]g, @)## sf] bkmf %# df u'7Lsf] k/Dk/fadf]lhd rnfpg'kg]{ sfd, u'7Lsf] rn crn
;DklQsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ sfd / ;+:yfgsf] 3/, hUuf, b]j:yn, kf6L kf}jfdf;+:yfgsf] :jLs[lt a]u/
ha/h:tL ef]urng ug]{nfO{ x6fpg] h:tf sfddf :yfgLo k|zf;g / k|x/Ln] ;xof]u ug'{kg]{ pNn]v
eP tfklg u'7L hUufdf cltqmd0f ePsf]df ;f] x6fpg] ;DaGwdf ;lqmotf /x]sf] b]lvPg .
45.2. ;+:yfgn] /fhu'7Lsf] ;fljs nutadf]lhd hUuf btf{ ug{] sf/afxL cufl8 a9fpg e"ld;'wf/ dGqfno,
dfnkf]t sfof{no / gfkL sfof{no;Fu ;xof]u dfu u/]sf]df To:tf hUufx? btf{ k|lqmofdf /x] tfklg
btf{ x'g;s]sf] 5}g . pbfx/0fsf] ?kdf af/fsf] x/]Zj/ dxfb]jsf] u'7L hUuf / wgs'6fdf /x]sf u'7L
hUuf nfdf] ;do;Dd btf{ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
45.3. u'7L hUufsf] Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf ;+:yfg, dfnkf]t, gfkL / ;DalGwt b]j:yn jf d7 dlGb/
Joj:yfkg ug{] kIfx?af6 x'Fb} cfPsf]df PsLs[t Joj:yfkg ug{] u/L sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf] 5}g . hUuf
k|zf;g ;DjGwL sfo{ Ps} lgsfoaf6 ePdf Joj:yfkg sfo{df ;xof]u k'Ug] b]lvG5 .
45.4. b]j:yn, d7, dlGb/sf] ;+/If0f ug{] sfo{ u'7L ;+:yfgsf] ePtfklg pQm :ynx?sf] e]6L3f6Lsf]
Joj:yfkgdf +;+:yfgsf] clwsf/ /x]sf] b]lvPg . To:tf] cfDbfgL sf]if, ;ldlt, k'hf/L / dxGysf]
lhDdfdf /x]sf]n] ;+:yfgsf] e"ldsf k|efjsf/L x'g;s]sf] 5}g .
ctM sfg"gL ?kdf b]lvPsf sdhf]/ kIfx?nfO{ ;do ;fk]If ?kdf ;'wf/ ub{} n}hfg'kb{5 .
;+:yfgnfO{ snf, ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/f / wd{sf] /Iff / ;+/If0f ug{] lgsfosf] ?kdf :yflkt u/fpg'
cfjZos b]lvG5 .
lgisif{ – u'7L hUuf pkof]usf] :ki6 gLlt gx'g', k'/fgf nutx?sf] ;+/If0fdf kof{Kt Wofg glbg', hUufsf]
PsLs[t nut tof/ gug{', hUufsf] cltqmd0f tLj|?kdf a9\g', ;+:yfgsf] :jLs[lt a]u/ hUufsf] pkof]u ug{',
;/sf/L lgsfox?n] ;d]t hUufsf] d'cfjhf gltg{', /fh:j÷b]j:j aSof}tf /sd jif{]gL a9\b} hfg' cflb u'7L
hUuf;Fu ;DalGwt ;+:yfgsf ;d:ofx? /x]sf 5g\ . pko{'Qm ;d:ofx? ;dfwfgsf nflu ;+:yfgn] gLltut,
Joj:yfksLo / ;+u7gfTds ;'wf/ ug{' h?/L 5 .

cg'udg tyf a]?h"
• cg'udg — ut ljutsf k|ltj]bgdf ef]uflwsf/df lbPsf hUufsf] clen]v cBfjlws u/L /fh:j c;'n
ug'{kg]{, dGqfnon] @)&@ r}q dlxgfleq xbaGbL;DaGwL gLlt sfof{Gjogsf] sfo{of]hgf agfpg'kg]{, k'FhLut
nfes/ # dlxgfleq c;'n ug{'kg]{, sf/f]af/ d"Nosf] cfwf/df hUuf tyf 3/sf] /lhi6«];g z'Ns c;'n
ug{'kg]{, !) jif{;Dd cljlR5Gg a;f]af; u/]sf] k|df0f k]; ug'{kg]{, l/on :6]6 sDkgLsf] lg;u{df cg';"rL
!# adf]lhdsf] cfos/ ;dfof]hgsf] k|df0f / ;+:yfut lg;u{df k'FhLut nfes/ 5'6 ePsf] nufotsf
Joxf]/f cf}FNofOPsf]df of] jif{ klg ;'wf/ ePsf] b]lvPg . To;}u/L km/f/ ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ sf/afxL
gu/]sf], ;xsf/L ;+3, ;+:yf btf{ / ;~rfng l:yltsf] lg/LIf0f, cg'udg sfo{ k|efjsf/L gePsf],
;~rfng sf]if /sd /fh:j vftfdf bflvnf gu/]sf], zLif{s km/s u/L vr{ n]v]sf] nufotsf Joxf]/f
cf}FNofOPsf]df of] jif{ klg ;'wf/ ePsf] 5}g . ljutsf Joxf]/f k'g/fj[lQ gx'g] u/L sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug'{kb{5 .
• a]?h" — of] jif{ dGqfno / dftxtsf ;d]t @)^ sfof{nodf ?=@ ca{ #& s/f]8 * nfv %* xhf/ a]?h"
b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fPkl5 ?=$ s/f]8 #^ nfv ^# xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=@ ca{
#@ s/f]8 &! nfv (% xhf/ afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=! s/f]8 ^@ nfv &% xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 .

ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfno
dGqfnosf] sfo{If]qdf /fli6«o oftfoft ljsf; / Joj:yfkg, /fli6«o /]ndfu{, d]6«f] /]n nufot
oftfoft ;'/Iff k|0ffnL, /fli6«o nf]sdfu{, /Hh'dfu{, s]a'nsf/, hndfu{ nufot j}slNks oftfoft, cfwf/e"t
oftfoft;DaGwL gLlt, sfg'g, dfkb08, sfof{Gjog, ;dGjo / lgodgnufotsf sfo{ /x]sf 5g\ . dGqfno /
dftxt;d]t !^% lgsfoaf6 ;]jf k|jfx x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
dGqfno / dftxt;d]t of] jif{ ljlgof]hg ?= (% ca{ *^ s/f]8 @% nfv, /fh:j ?= @$ ca{ #@
s/f]8 $! nfv, w/f}6L ?= * ca{ #! s/f]8 !* nfv / cGo sf/f]af/ ?= ^ ca{ &% s/f]8 % nfv ;d]t ?= !
va{ #% ca{ @$ s/f]8 *( nfvsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . dGqfno dftxt @ ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] ?=*
ca{ ## s/f]8 $$ nfvsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo
1. gLlt th'{df / sfof{Gjog – dGqfnon] /fli6«o oftfoft gLlt, @)%* / jftfj/0fd}qL ;jf/L tyf
oftfoft gLlt, @)&! sfof{Gjogdf NofP tfklg cBfjlws k|ult ljj/0f tof/ gu/]sf]n] gLlt
sfof{Gjog l:ylt d"NofÍg ug{ ;lsPg . ;8s, /]n tyf oftfoft ljsf;sf] kfFr jif]{ /0fgLlts
of]hgf -@)&#–@)&*_ sfof{Gjog ug{ ;8s k"jf{wf/ If]qsf nflu ?= ^ va{ @) ca{, /]n k"jf{wf/ tyf
cGo If]qsf nflu ?= ! va{ *) ca{ Pj+ oftfoft Joj:yfkg If]qsf nflu ?= !^ ca{ ;d]t ?= * va{
!^ ca{ nufgL ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . of]hgf nfu" ePsf] @ jif{df ?=! va{ ^& ca{ ^! s/f]8dfq vr{
ePsf]n] afFsL # jif{df ?=^ va{ $* ca{ #( s/f]8 nufgL u/L sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ cj:yf
/x]sf]n] gLlt sfof{Gjog r'gf}tLk"0f{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
dGqfnon] g]kfn ;/sf/ -sfo{ ljefhg_ lgodfjnL, @)&$ df pNn]v eP cg';f/ /fli6«o /]n
dfu{, d]6«f] /]n, /fli6«o nf]sdfu{, ;8s ;'/Iff;DaGwL gLlt, dfkb08, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd th'{df u/L
sfo{of]hgf;lxt sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg'kb{5 .
2. rf}wf}+ of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog – /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]uåf/f hf/L ul/Psf] rf}wf}+ of]hgf -@)&#.&$–
@)&%.&^_ df dGqfnocGtu{t e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:t ;8s ;+/rgfsf] k'gM lgdf{0f, yk gofF ;8s
lgdf{0f, OG6/ldl8o6÷8ann]g ;8s lgdf{0f, ;8ssf] :t/f]Gglt, cfjlws dd{t, lgoldt dd{t, yk
k'n lgdf{0f ;DkGg, gofF k'n lgdf{0f sfo{ yfngL, ;8s 3gTj, sfnf]kq] ;8s kx'Fr, /]n dfu{sf] 6«ofs
lgdf{0f tyf :t/f]Gglt ePsf] Pj+ /]]n dfu{ tyf d]6«f] /]nsf] lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/, e]lxsn
lkm6g]; 6]li6Ë ;]G6/ ;~rfng, tf}n k'n ;~rfng, 6«flkms ;+s]t lrGx lgdf{0f, ;]jfu|fxL, cgnfOg
b/vf:t k|0ffnL pkof]u, ;jf/L btf{ k|df0fkq / ;jf/Lrfns cg'dltkq :df6{ sf8{df kl/0ft, ODaf]:8
gDa/ Kn]6 k|of]u, l;08Ls]6 k|0ffnLsf] cGTo x'g] h:tf nIo /fv]sf] ePklg ;f] cg';f/sf] k|ult
ljj/0f tof/ gu/]sfn] pknlAwsf] d"NofÍg ug{ ;lsPg . ctM cfjlws of]hgfdf plNnlvt sfo{qmd
sfof{Gjogsf] ;'lglZrttfsf nflu clen]v Joj:yfdf Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
3. ah]6 sfof{Gjog – ;+;baf6 :jLs[t ah]6cg';f/ ;|f]t k|flKt tyf tf]lsPsf zLif{sdf vr{ ug'{kg]{df
cg'dfgcg';f/ ;|f]t k|fKt gePsf] tyf pkof]u x'g g;s]sf], ;|f]tfGt/ /sdfGt/ u/]sf], rf}dfl;s vr{
;Gt'ng gePsf, :jLs[t ah]6eGbf a9L vr{ u/]sf] cflb b]lvPsf]n] ah]6 sfof{Gjog k|efjsf/L
b]lvPsf] 5}g . o;;DaGwL d'Vo Joxf]/f b]xfoadf]lhd 5g\M
3.1. of] jif{ j}b]lzs ;|f]taf6 ?= @* ca{ *( s/f]8 & nfv k|fKt x'g] z'? cg'dfg /x]sf]df ?= !% ca{ %#
s/f]8 #! nfv ;+zf]lwt ah]6 sfod u/L ?=!# ca{ @( s/f]8 *% nfv -z'? cg'dfgsf] $^=)#
k|ltzt / ;+zf]lwt ah]6sf] *%=^! k|ltzt_ ;xfotf k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
3.2. k'FhLut vr{sf nflu z'?df ljlgof]lht ?=*( ca{ %) s/f]8 ^& nfvdf ?=!$ ca{ ^ s/f]8 @) nfv
-!%=&! k|ltzt_ /sdfGt/af6 yk u/L ?=! va{ # ca{ %& s/f]8 ;+zf]lwt ah]6 sfod u/]sf]df ?=(^

ca{ ! s/f]8 -(@=&) k|ltzt_ vr{ u/]sf] 5 . k'FhLut vr{df ePsf] ljut # jif{sf] l:ylt b]xfo
adf]lhd 5M
-?=nfvdf_
/sdfGt/af6 yk
cfly{s jif{ z'? ah]6 ;+zf]lwt ah]6 vr{ vr{ k|ltzt
k|ltzt
2072/73 42,02,18 53,80,28 28.04 37,12,75 69.01
2073/74 72,67,60 79,42,56 9.27 71,73,23 90.31
2074/75 89,50,67 1,03,56,87 15.71 96,01,05 92.70
ljut # jif{sf] vr{sf] t'ngf ubf{ @)&@.&# sf] t'ngfdf @)&$.&% df !%*=%( k|ltztn]
vr{ a9]sf] 5 .
3.3. Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}Ísf] ;xof]udf ;~rflnt cfof]hgf
lgb]{zgfnocGtu{t ;~rflnt $ cfof]hgfdf cd]l/sL of] jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 d'VotM gLlt,
8n/ @& s/f]8 #) xhf/ k|fKt x'g] ;Demf}tf ePsf]df of]hgf Pj+ ah]6 cf+lzs sfof{Gjog
cd]l/sL 8n/ $ s/f]8 ^^ nfv &! xhf/ -!&=@* u/]sf], jiff{Gtdf sfo{qmd ;+zf]wg u/]sf],
k|ltzt_ dfq pkof]u ePsf] 5 . nIocg';f/ k|ult Go"g /x]sf], k|fljlws
;xfotfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fPsf],
3.4. ;f;]s /f]8 sg]lS6le6L cfof]hgfdf Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}Í ;8ssf] clen]v cBfjlws gu/]sf],
-P8LaL_ ;f]e}m e'QmfgL C0fdf ?=#& s/f]8 (^ nfv %) x:tfGt/0f x'g] of]hgfsf] bfloTj afFsL
xhf/ k|fKt x'g] cg'dfg /x]sf]df ?=$# s/f]8 # nfv $( /x]sf], of]hgf x:tfGt/0f gePsf],
xhf/ k|fKt eO{ ?=% s/f]8 ^ nfv (( xhf/ a9L k|fKt jftfj/0fLo d"NofÍg cf+lzs u/]sf],
ePsf] 5 . To:t} gfu9'Ëf ;'?ª dfu{ cfof]hgfdf hfkfg /fli6«o lgdf{0f Ifdtf d"NofÍg gu/]sf],
;/sf/af6 zf]wegf{ x'g] C0f ?=(^ s/f]8 %) nfv ^^ lgdf{0f 7]Ssf cw'/f] /x]sf], ;Demf}tfcg';f/
xhf/ k|fKt x'g] cg'dfg u/]sf]df ;|f]tfGt/af6 ?=^ nfv j}b]lzs cg'bfg k|fKt gePsf], afFsL
^^ xhf/ ah]6 sfod u/]sf] b]lvG5 . oBlk ?=^ s/f]8 sfdsf] Joj:yfkg gu/L vl/b ;Demf}tf
^! nfv ^! xhf/ vr{ u/L ah]6eGbf a9L vr{ b]vfPsf] cGt u/]sf], l8hfOgdf q'l6 b]lvPsf],
5. lgdf{0fdf c;DalGwt cfO6d ;dfj]z
u/]sf], /]ndfu{sf] lj:t[t cfof]hgf
3.5. dGqfno / dftxtsf lgsfosf nflu ljlgof]lht ah]6df k|ltj]bg tof/ gePsf] h:tf Joxf]/f
cy{ ah]6af6 ?=!! ca{ ^@ s/f]8 *! nfv yk ePsf], b]lvPsf 5g\ .
/sdfGt/af6 ?=$) ca{ ** s/f]8 #@ nfv yk / ?=@^
ca{ ** s/f]8 ($ nfv 36 ePsf] tyf ?=!^ ca{ ($ s/f]8 () nfv ;|f]tfGt/ ePsfn] z'?
ljlgof]hg oyfy{k/s b]lvPg . of] jif{ ah]6 yk tyf 36 ePsf s]xL pbfx/0f b]xfoadf]lhd 5g\M
-? nfvdf_
/sdfGt/af6 yk /sdfGt/af6
a=p=zL=g+= z'? ah]6 ? a=p=zL=g+= z'? ah]6 ? 36 k|ltzt
yk ? k|ltzt 36 ?
3371253 3,13,86 %,@%,)) 167.27 3371334 3,80,24 1,25,04 32.88
3371384 3,98,89 4,25,00 106.55 3371424 3,55,84 1,49,87 42.12
3371574 3,50,29 &,!*,$# 205.09 3371884 4,93 4,93 100
3372244 4,24,12 @,(%,)% 69.57 3373264 2,44,71 95,00 38.82
3373124 2,88,20 #,(@,%) 136.19 3373274 1,29,00 81,76 63.38
3373354 2,00,43 @,%!,*! 125.63 3373584 5,54,47 4,16,03 75.03
3373554 1,00,06 (,!!,^( 911.15 3373614 7,07,94 6,29,62 88.94
3.6. of] jif{ ;Defljt k|fb]lzs ;8s cGtu{t #) sfof{nocGtu{tsf (@ ;8s of]hgfsf nflu ?=! ca{ ^
nfv ah]6 ljlgof]hg ePsf]df (!!=!% k|ltzt ah]6 yk u/]sf] kfOof] . ah]6 jStJo @)&$.&%
cg';f/ :yfgLo txdf x:tfGt/0f ePsf tLg ah]6 pkzLif{s cGtu{tsf of]hgfx? ;DalGwt :yfgLo
txdf x:tfGt/0f gu/L sfo{qmd / ah]6 yk u/L vr{ ug'{ pko'Qm xf]Og .

3.7. dGqfno cGtu{tsf *) sfof{non] of] jif{ ?=&( ca{ @* s/f]8 !( nfv vr{ u/]sf]df klxnf]
rf}dfl;sdf * ca{ *& s/f]8 ^& nfv -!!=!( k|ltzt_, bf];|f] rf}dfl;sdf ?=!( ca{ !) s/f]8 $#
nfv -@$=!) k|ltzt_ / t];|f] rf}dfl;sdf ?=%! ca{ #) s/f]8 ( nfv -^$=&! k|ltzt_ tyf cfiff9
dlxgfdf ?=#) ca{ %# s/f]8 *! nfv -#*=%@ k|ltzt_ vr{ u/]sf] b]lvof] . rf}dfl;s ah]6 afF8kmfF8
cg';f/ vr{ gu/L t];|f] rf}dfl;s / cfiff9 dlxgfdf a9L vr{ u/]sf] kfOof] .
3.8. cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #% ljk/Lt ;8s ljefucGtu{tsf #@ sfof{non]
ljlgof]lht ah]6eGbf ?=#@ s/f]8 &% nfv ^@ xhf/ a9L vr{ u/]sf] /sd cy{ dGqfnosf] :jLs[lt
a]u/ cGo !# sfof{non] lk|mh ug'{kg]{ /sdaf6 ldnfg u/]sf] 5 . To:t} dGqfnon] /fhdfu{ :t/f]Gglt
cfof]hgfsf nflu ?=@$ s/f]8 !^ nfv ah]6 ljlgof]hg ah]6 ;'lglZrttf ljgf cfof]hgf
u/]sf]df /sdfGt/af6 ?=@% s/f]8 36fO{ ?=*$ nfv ;~rfng u/]sf], s]xL vl/bdf k|lt:kwf{
ah]6eGbf a9L /sdfGt/ u/L C0ffTds ah]6 sfod gePsf], s]Gb|af6 dftxtsf] 7]Ssf
u/]sf]df ?=# s/f]8 ## nfv &^ xhf/ vr{ b]vfPsf]n] Joj:yfkg u/]sf], ;dodf cfof]hgf
ah]6 l;4fGtcg';f/ vr{ ePsf] b]lvPg . ;DkGg gx'Fbf k/fdz{ ;]jf vr{ a9]sf],
3.9. dGqfno dftxtsf lgsfodf of] jif{sf] ?=@! ca{ !^ lgdf{0f:yn olsg Pj+ cGtlg{sfo ;dGjo
gu/L cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog u/]sf],
s/f]8 !$ nfv -vr{sf] @@=)$ k|ltzt_ ;d]t o; e]l/P;g cfb]z :jLs[t gu/L sfd
jif{;Dd ?=#( ca{ *( s/f]8 !@ nfv k]:sL afFsL u/fPsf], gg\kmfOn/ Joj;foLnfO{ d"No
/x]sf]df ;f] k]:sL vr{sf] k|of]hg v'Ng] dfl;s ljj/0f clej[l4 s/ e'QmfgL u/]sf], gkfpg] d"No
lnO{ cg'udg u/]sf] b]lvPg . ;dfof]hg lbPsf], sfof{Gjog gePsf
ctM :jLs[t ah]6 sfof{Gjogdf Wofg lbg'kg]{ ;Demf}tfsf] hdfgt hkmt gu/]sf], ;8s
b]lvG5 . Pj+ k'n lgdf{0fsf] u'0f:t/ sfod gePsf],
gD;{df Ps?ktf gePsf], sltko 7]Ssfdf
4. sfo{qmd :jLs[lt / ;+zf]wg – cfly{s sfo{ljlw k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ c;'n gu/]sf], bf]xf]/f]
lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !( adf]lhd k'FhLut vr{ e'QmfgL ePsf], df]lanfOh];g k]:sL
tk{m ?=*( ca{ %) s/f]8 ^& nfvsf] ah]6 tyf km5\of}{6 gePsf] nufot ljifodf ;'wf/
sfo{qmd :jLs[t ePsf]df @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd k6s k6s x'g'kb{5 .
#$& ah]6 pkzLif{ssf ! xhf/ ^$ of]hgfdf ?=#^ ca{
(@ s/f]8 @@ nfvsf] sfo{qmd ;+zf]wg u/]sf]n] z'? jflif{s sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 ljZj;gLo b]lvPg .
ctM :jLs[t sfo{qmd k6s k6s ;+zf]wg ug]{ k/Dk/fdf lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
5. jflif{s nIo / k|ult – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @^ df ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd
sfof{Gjog Pj+ k|ult ;dLIff ug]{ / ;'zf;g -Joj:yfkg tyf ;~rfng_ P]g, @)^$ tyf lgodfjnL,
@)^% df dGqfnon] jflif{s k|ult ljj/0f ;fj{hlgs ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
5.1. /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]uaf6 k|sflzt @)&$.&% sf] jflif{s ljsf; sfo{qmdcg';f/ ;8stk{m ;8s
lgdf{0f &)) ls=ld=, ;8s :t/f]Gglt, k'gM lgdf{0f / ;'b[9Ls/0f ! xhf/ ls=ld=, cfjlws dd{t ;Def/
^)) ls=ld=, lgoldt dd{t !) xhf/ ls=ld=, k'n lgdf{0f !@%, /f]huf/L l;h{gf $% xhf/, /]n tyf
cGo oftfofttk{m lgld{t 6«ofs @% ls=ld= :t/f]Gglt ePsf], /]n dfu{ @@ ls=ld=, hUuf clwu|x0f #))
x]S6/, lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltjb]g (#$ ls=ld=, d]6«f] /]n lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg &* ls=ld= x'g] Pj+
oftfoft Joj:yfcGtu{t ;jf/L;fwg s/ ;Íng ?=!) ca{ *) s/f]8, 6«flkms lrGx / ;+s]t &)),
;jf/Lrfns cg'dltkq :df6{ sf8{ ljt/0f !) nfv, ODaf]:8 gDa/ Kn]6 ljt/0f &)) nIo
/flvPsf]df dGqfnon] k|ult ljj/0f tof/ gu/]sf]n] ;du| k|ultsf] d"NofÍg tyf ljZn]if0f ug{
;lsPg .
5.2. n]vfk/LIf0fsf] qmddf k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ klxnf] k|fyldstf k|fKt %^ cfof]hgfdWo] @ sf] z"Go, @ sf]
%) k|ltzteGbf sd, @ sf] &% k|ltzteGbf sd, %) sf] &% k|ltzteGbf a9L ef}lts k|ult ePsf]
kfOof] .

5.3. ufO{3f6–lbSt]n ;8s, t'n;Lk'/–k'/Gwf/f ;8s, a]+zLzx/–rfd] ;8s, hfh/sf]6–8f]Nkf ;8s,
;fFk]mau/–dft{8L ;8snufotsf ;8sx? @)%).%! eGbf cufl8b]lv lgdf{0f z'? eP tfklg xfn;Dd
;DkGg ePsf 5}gg\ .
5.4. w/fg–rt/f–ufO{3f6 s6f/L l;Gw'nL ;8s of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f cjlw #^ dlxgfdWo] @)&% cfiff9
d;fGt;Dd @) dlxgf -%%=%% k|ltzt_ cjlw JotLt x'Fbf k"jL{ v08n] #! k|ltzt / klZrd v08n]
@& k|ltztdfq ef}lts k|ult u/]sf] 5 .
5.5. ef/tLo PlShd a}Ísf] C0f ;xfotfaf6 ;~rflnt ;8s ;'wf/ of]hgfsf ljleGg lhNnfsf !&
;8ssf] ;Demf}tfcg';f/ #* k|ltztb]lv !!* k|ltzt;Dd ;do JotLt eP tfklg ef}lts k|ult
^#=!# k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
5.6. Jofkfl/s dfu{ lj:tf/ cfof]hgfcGtu{tsf % ;8ssf] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] ef}lts k|ult @* k|ltztb]lv &#
k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
nIo cg';f/ k|ult gx'g'df /]vfÍg, hUuf clwu|x0f / d'cfjhf ljjfb, hgzlQmsf] sdL,
;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo;Fusf] ;dGjosf] cefj, k|fyldstfdf gk/]sf of]hgfx? sfof{Gjog ug'{, cfjZos
ah]6sf] cefj cflb sf/0f pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . pko'{Qm ;d:ofx? ;dfwfg u/L sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogdf
k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
6. n]vfk/LIf0f – ag]kf–l;Gw'nL–alb{jf; ;8ssf] ;~rfng tyf dd{t cfof]hgfdf cd]l/sL 8n/ @)
nfv / ;f;]s ;8s cfof]hgfsf nflu cd]l/sL 8n/ ! nfv;d]t cd]l/sL 8n/ @! nfvsf] ?=@#
s/f]8 * nfv &$ xhf/sf] k|fljlws ;xfotf k|fKt x'g] cg'dfg ePsf]df k|fKt /sdsf] cfly{s ljj/0f
k]; u/L n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf] 5}g . To:t} rqmky ;'wf/ cfof]hgfsf nflu rLg ;/sf/n] ?=$ ca{ ##
s/f]8 &@ nfv vr{ u/]sf] ljj/0f lbP tfklg ;f] /sd cfly{s ljj/0fdf ;dfj]z u/L n]vfk/LIf0f
u/fPsf] 5}g .
7. /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgf – dGqfno cGtu{tsf /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfx?sf] k|ult l:ylt
b]xfoadf]lhd 5M
[? s/f]8df{
nDafO+ ;DkGg x'g] ;_zf]lwt nfut o; jif+;Ddsf] vr+
l;-g_- cfof]hgf z'? jif+
ls-ld- jif+ cg'dfg ? vr+ k|ltzt
1 k'iknfn -dWo kxf8L_ nf]sdfu{ 1776 2064/65 2077/78 8014 2689 33.55
2 /]n, d]6«f] tyf df]gf] /]n ljsf; cfof]hgf 946 2066/67 gv'Ng] 7097 787 11.09
3 pQ/ blIf0f -s0ff{nL_ nf]s dfu{ 284 2065/66 2079/80 410 100 24.39
4 pQ/ blIf0f -sf]zL_ nf]s dfu{ 162 2065/66 2077/78 1620 245 15.12
5 pQ/ blIf0f -sfnLu08sL_ nf]s dfu{ 435 2066/67 2077/78 2212 394 17.81
6 x'nfsL nf]sdfu{ 1792 2065/66 2077/78 6520 2052 31.47
7 uN5L–lqz"nL–d}n'ª–:ofk|'mj];L–/;'jfu9L ;8s 82 gv'Ng] @ jif{leq 950 172 18.11
7.1. k"j{df kfFry/sf] lrof] eGHofªb]lv klZrddf a}t8Lsf] em'nf3f6;Dd s'n nDafO{ ! xhf/ &&^ ls=ld=
/x]sf] dWokxf8L nf]sdfu{ cfof]hgf @)^$.^% b]lv ;'? eO{ @)&$.&% df ;DkGg x'g] cg'dfg
ul/Psf]df ;+zf]lwt sfo{tflnsf cg';f/ @)&&÷&* ;Dd ;DkGg ug]{ nIo /x]sf] 5 . of] jif{ ^#
ls=ld= sfnf]kq], !@% ls=ld= v08fl:dt / !$ k'n lgdf{0f sfo{;d]t xfn;Dd ! xhf/ @$) ls=ld=
6«ofs, !(! ls=ld= sfnf]kq], %!^ ls=ld= v08fl:dt, !$ k'n lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ ;DkGg eO{ cfof]hgf z'?
ePsf] !) jif{df ef}lts k|ult $% / ljQLo k|ult ##=%% k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
7.2. cfly{s jif{ @)^^.^& b]lv z'? ePsf] /]n, d]6«f] tyf df]gf]/]n ljsf; cfof]hgfn]] k"j{ d]rLb]lv klZrd
dxfsfnL;Dd s'n ($^ ls=ld= nfdf] /]n ;~hfn lgdf{0f Pj+ ;~rfngsf] nIo lnOPsf] 5 . o;
cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfut ?=&) ca{ (& s/f]8 /x]sf] / ;f] ;a} /sd g]kfn ;/sf/af6 Joxf]l/g] pNn]v
5 . alb{af;–nfnaGbL @% ls=ld= v08df 6«ofssf] sfo{ eO{ /x]sf], alb{af;– sfFs8le§f /]ndfu{
lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/ ePsf], a'6jn–u•frf}sL /]ndfu{sf] lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg sfo{
%) k|ltztdfq sfo{ ePsf], k'n lgdf{0f $ xhf/ ^#$ ld6/dWo] #@@ ld6/ ;DkGg ePsf], sNe6{
hgfj/ dfu{ @$) dWo] ^* lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] / @@& x]S6/ hUuf clwu|x0f u/L tyf ljleGg
v08sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ e}/x]sf] 5 . hUuf ljjfbsf sf/0f alb{jf;df /]nj] :6];g lgdf{0f sfo{ x'g ;s]sf]
5}g .
7.3. pQ/–blIf0f -s0ff{nL_ nf]sdfu{ cfof]hgfn] v'nfn'–l;dLsf]6 -x'Dnf_ v08df !(^ ls=ld= / lxN;f–
l;dLsf]6 v08 -x'Dnf_ ** ls=ld= ;8s lgdf{0f ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df (#=& ls=ld= 6«ofs vf]n]sf] 5 . of]
jif{ v'nfn' l;dLsf]6 v08df $) ls=ld= 6«ofs vf]Ng] tyf lxN;f l;dLsf]6 v08df $ k'n lgdf{0f z'?
ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df !! ls=ld= 6«ofs vf]n]sf] k|ult ljj/0f k|fKt ePsf] 5 . cfof]hgf z'? ePsf] (
jif{df ef}lts k|ult !@ / ljQLo k|ult !!=^* k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
7.4. pQ/–blIf0f -sf]zL_ nf]sdfu{ cfof]hgfn] t]x|y'd lhNnfsf] j;Gtk'/b]lv pQ/L ;Ldfgf lsdfyfÍf;Ddsf]
!^@ ls=ld= ;8s lgdf{0f Pj+ :t/f]Gglt ug]{ nIo lnPsf] 5 . pQm !^@ ls=ld= dWo] %) ls=ld=
;8sdf oftfoft rfn' ePsf] 5 . ;f] afx]s && ls=ld= v08fl:dt ;8s /x]sf] 5 . xfn;Dd !$$
ls=ld= 6«ofs / ^( ls= ld= v08fl:dt sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . cfof]hgf z'? ePsf] ( jif{df ef}lts
/ ljQLo k|ult qmdzM #% / $)=#( k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
7.5. pQ/–blIf0f -sfnL u08sL sf]l/8f]/_ nf]sdfu{ cfof]hgfn] gjnk/f;L b]lv d':tfª;Ddsf ( lhNnf
;d]6]sf] 5 . o; cfof]hgfsf] nflu @)&$.&% df u}+8fsf]6–lkkn8fF8f v08sf] #% ls= ld= ;8s
:t/f]Gglt ug]{ tyf * k'nsf] lgdf{0f z'? ug]{, hf]d;f]d–sf]/fnf v08sf] %) ls=ld= 6«ofs vf]Ng] tyf
a]gL–hf]d;f]d v08sf] #) ls= ld= v08 :t/f]Gglt ug]{, @% ls= ld= ;8s rf}8f ug]{ tyf $ k'n
lgdf{0f ug]{ nIo /fv]sf]df #$ ls=ld= 6«ofs / #( ls= ld= u|fe]n sfo{ ePsf] / xfn;Dd $#% ls=ld=
6«ofs / !!* ls= ld= u|fe]lnª sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . cfof]hgf z'? ePsf] * jif{df ef}lts k|ult
!) / ljQLo k|ult *=#^ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
7.6. x'nfsL nf]sdfu{ cfof]hgfn] k"j{df emfkfsf] s]rgfb]lv klZrddf s~rgk'/sf] bf]wf/f rfFbgL;Dd !
xhf/ &(@ ls=ld= sfnf]kq] ;8s / !$( k'n lgdf{0f ug]{ nIo lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 . cfof]hgfn] of] jif{
sfnf]kq] #$ ls=ld=, v08fl:dt @)& ls=ld= / k'n !% j6f lgdf{0f ug]{ nIo /fv]sf]df sfnf]kq] /
v08dfl:dt nIocg';f/ / !) k'n lgdf{0f ;DkGg eO{ (& k|ltzt ef}lts k|ult xfl;n u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
xfn;Dd !)) ls=ld= sfnf]kq], @@% ls=ld= v08fl:dt, &% k'n lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg eO{ ;dli6ut
ef}lts k|ult @% / ljQLo k|ult $@ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
7.7. wflbË lhNnfsf] uN5Lb]lv /;'jf lhNnfsf] /;'jfu9L;Dd *@ ls=ld=dWo] !( ls=ld= 6«ofs vf]lnPsf],
!^ ls=ld=df rLg ;/sf/af6 sfo{ eO/x]sf], #=% ls=ld=df sfnf]kq] ePsf], !! k'n lgdf{0ffwLg /x]sf]n]
s'n ef}lts k|ult %$ / ljQLo k|ult @* k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
cfof]hgfx?n] ?v s6fg :jLs[lt gkfPsf], lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ cefj, /]vfÍgdf ljjfb, d'cfjhf
ljt/0fdf ;d:of, lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] ;xh pknAwtf gEfPsf] h:tf ;d:of pNn]v u/]sf]n] pQm
;d:of ;dfwfg u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{kb{5 .
8. ;8s clen]v – cfly{s ;j]{If0f cg';f/ @( xhf/ ^#( ls=ld=, ah]6 jStJo cg';f/ #) xhf/ #@)
ls=ld=, ;8s ljefusf] ;8s ;~hfn ;"rgf k|0ffnL cg';f/ !# xhf/ )^) ls=ld= / ;8s ljefusf]
/f]8 8fo/Ldf pNn]v ePcg';f/ !$ xhf/ $(& ls=ld= ;8s /x]sf] pNn]v u/]sf]n] ;8s clen]v
cBfjlws 5}g . o; ;DaGwdf ut ljutb]lv ;8s clen]v cBfjlws ug'{kg]{ Joxf]/f cf}+NofOPsf]df
l:ylt oyfjt\ 5 . ;8s lgdf{0f jif{, To:df u/]sf] nufgL / ;8ssf] cj:yf v'Ng] clen]v /fv]sf] 5}g .
k'FhLut nufgLaf6 ePsf] ;8s lgdf{0fsf] cBfjlws clen]v /fVg'kb{5 .
9. bfloTj Joj:yfkg – dGqfnon] @)&$.&% df sfof{Gjog u/]sf ah]6 pkzLif{sx?dWo] k|b]z ;/sf/df
x:tfGt/0f x'g] / ah]6 ljlgof]hg gePsf @! ah]6 pkzLif{s cGtu{tsf ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{sf
7]Ssfsf] cj:yf cWoog ubf{ hDdf ! xhf/ @*! vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] ?=$& ca{ ^ s/f]8 (* nfvdWo]
?=@) ca{ %* s/f]8 % nfv e'QmfgL u/L ?=@^ ca{ ^# s/f]8 (# nfvsf] bfloTj afFsL b]vfOPsf] 5 .
t/ tL ;8ssf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] @)&%.&^ df ljlgof]hg gu/]sf] / k|b]z ;/sf/df x:tfGt/0f
;d]t gePsfn] tL ;8sdf ePsf] vr{af6 k|ltkmn k|fKt x'g] cj:yf 5}g . bfloTj Joj:yfkg ug]{
;|f]t olsg u/L vl/b ;Demf}tfx? sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;DaGwdf :ki6 gLltut lg0f{o ug'{kg]{df ;f] u/]sf]
b]lvPg .
To;}u/L :yfgLo txnfO{ x:tfGt/0f x'g] u/L @)&$.&% df ah]6 ljlgof]hg gePsf tLg ah]6
pkzLif{s gDa/sf cfof]hgfx?sf nflu ?=@# ca{ @# s/f]8 ^) nfv bfloTj /x]sf] pNn]v ePsf]df
bfloTj km/kmf/s tyf of]hgf x:tfGt/0f ug'{kg]{ Joxf]/f ut jif{sf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v u/]sf]df l:ylt
oyfjt\ 5 .
10. cfof]hgf x:tfGt/0f – ljlgof]hg P]g, @)&$ tyf cy{ dGqfnosf] ah]6 vr{ ug]{ ;DaGwL lgb]{zgsf]
k|s/0f $ df :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/ ;"rLleq k/]sf ufpFkflnsfleqsf] ?= %) nfv;Dd, gu/kflnsf
leqsf] ?= ! s/f]8;Dd / pk dxfgu/kflnsf jf dxfgu/kflnsfleq ?=@ s/f]8;Dd ah]6 ljlgof]hg
ePsf cfof]hgfx? ;DalGwt :yfgLo txnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . o; ;DaGwdf lgDg
Joxf]/f b]lvof]M
10.1. :yfgLo :t/sf ;8sdf lgdf{0f x'g] (#( k'nsf nflu @)&$.&% df ljlgof]lht ?=# ca{ %) s/f]8 @(
nfvdWo] ?=@ s/f]8eGbf a9L ah]6 ljlgof]hg ePsf k'n ;+Vof !% dfq /x]sf]n] :yfgLo txdf
x:tfGt/0f x'g'kg]{ (@$ k'n lgdf{0f sfo{df dGqfno dftxtsf lgsfoaf6 ?=!) ca{ !^ s/f]8 (&
nfv vr{ u/]sf] 5 .
10.2. ;8s ljefusf] @)&$.@.@* sf] kl/kqaf6 # ah]6 pkzLif{s gDa/cGtu{tsf ;8sx?sf nflu
@)&$.&% sf] jflif{s ljsf; sfo{qmddf gk/]sf] Pj+ ah]6 ljlgof]hg gePsf] x'Fbf cGtu{tsf
sfof{nosf] sfo{ If]qdf kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ lgdf{0ffwLg ;8sx? @)&#.&$ df km/kmf/s ug{ tyf @)&$.&%
sf nflu bfloTj afFsL g/fVg hfgsf/L u/fP tfklg l8lehg ;8s sfof{no bfªn] 3f]/fxL–sld/]
rf}/ ;8s v08sf] nflu ?=%% s/f]8 (@ nfv (( xhf/sf] nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t u/L af]nkq
cfXjfg u/]cg';f/ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=#$ s/f]8 !^ nfv && xhf/df ;Demf}tf u/L of] jif{
?=# s/f]8 #) nfv df]lanfOh];g k]:sL lbPsf] 5 . :yfgLo txdf x:tfGt/0f x'g] of]hgfdf yk
nufgL ug'{ pko'Qm xf]Og .
P]gsf] k|fjwfgcg';f/ :yfgLo txdf x:tfGt/0f x'g] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
11. Joj:yfkg ;j]{If0f – g]kfn ;/sf/n] :jLs[t u/]sf] dGqfno / dftxtsf sfof{nosf] ;+u7g ;+/rgf /
b/aGbLsf] cj:yf lgDgfg';f/ 5 M
sfof{no ;+Vof :jLs[t b/aGbL
l;= g+= sfof{no
;fljs xfn ;fljs xfn
! dGqfno ! ! !)^ ($
@ ;8s ljefu %* %@ @^!! @%!(
# oftfoft Joj:yf ljefu $) # *%* $)
$ /]n ljefu ! ! @( #%
hDdf !)) %& #^)$ @^**
lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf ^s -@_ cg';f/ ;Ë7g tyf Joj:yfkg ;j]{If0f x'g'eGbf
cufl8 @)&$.&% df ljleGg %$ of]hgf sfof{no :yfkgf u/L tL sfof{nodf /fhkqflÍt tk{m #^!,
/fhkq cglÍt tk{m *!& ;d]t ! xhf/ !&* hgf sd{rf/Lsf] b/aGbL l;h{gf u/]sf] kfOof] .
dGqfnon] !) cfof]hgfdf !!@ hgf sd{rf/L b/aGbL l;h{gf u/] klg tL sfof{nodf vr{ ug]{
clVtof/L k7fPsf] b]lvPg .
12. sfg'gsf] kfngf – ;+;baf6 kfl/t P]g tyf ;f]adf]lhd ag]sf lgodfjnLsf] kfngf ug'{kb{5 . sfg'gsf]
kfngf ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf s]xL Joxf]/f b]xfocg';f/ 5g\M
12.1. ;8s af]8{ P]g, @)%* n] ;8s af]8{nfO{ ;8s b:t'/ nufpg ;Sg] clwsf/ lbPsf]df b:t'/ p7fpg] /
cGo lgsfon] p7fPsf] ;DaGwdf lgodg u/]sf] 5}g .
12.2. ;8s ljefuaf6 hf/L g]kfn ;8s :6f088{, @)&) adf]lhd :ki6 cfwf/ a]u/ lqz"nL gbLdf ?=# ca{
^ s/f]8 &* nfv nfut cg'dfg ePsf !( k'n lgdf{0f ug{ ljlgof]hg u/]sf]df b'O{ k'n aLrsf] b'/L
;DaGwL gLlt tof/ gu/]sf] tyf k'n lgdf{0f ePkl5 tL k'naf6 ;~rfng x'g] /fhdfu{ tyf ;xfos
/fhdfu{sf] PnfOgd]G6 lglZrt u/]sf] 5}g .
12.3. jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL, @)%$ sf] lgod # tyf ax'jifL{o 7]Ssf aGbf]j:t ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf,
@)&# cg';f/ ax'jifL{o 7]Ssf :jLs[t ug'{ cl3 jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg ePsf] x'g'kg]{df
sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf ;8s of]hgfdWo] !&! of]hgfsf] dfq k|lqmof z'? u/]sf]df cGo of]hgfsf]
jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg u/]sf] kfOPg .
12.4. ;fj{hlgs ;8s P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf # tyf g]kfn ;8s :6f808{, @)&) adf]lhd ;8ssf] :t/
cg';f/ @) ld6/b]lv %) ld6/;Dd / ;8s af]8{ lgb]{lzsf, @)^! adf]lhd ;xfos dfu{ tk{m !%÷!%
ld6/, lhNnf ;8stk{m !)÷!) ld6/, / u|fdL0f tyf s[lif ;8stk{m &=%÷&=% ld6/ ;8s ;Ldf
sfod x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;8s lgdf{0f ug'{ cl3 ;fj{hlgs ;8s P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf $ adf]lhd
;8ssf] l;dfleq kg]{ hUuf k|flKt ug'{kg]d{ f k|fKt gu/L ;8s lgdf{0f z'? ugf{n] nIo cg'?k ;8s
lgdf{0f, lj:tf/ tyf :t/f]Gglt sfo{ ug{ cj/f]w l;h{gf ePsf] 5 .
12.5. ;fj{hlgs ;8s P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf @@ df lgdf{0f ePsf] ;8ssf] bfofF afofF /x]sf] hUufdf g]kfn
;/sf/n] hUufsf] d"Nocg';f/ ljsf; s/ nufO{ c;'n ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf eP tfklg ;f] k|fjwfg
sfof{Gjog u/]sf] kfOPg .
12.6. ;fj{hlgs ;8s P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf !^s df g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L
s'g} ;fj{hlgs ;8sn] jxg ug{ ;Sg] jhgsf] xb tf]sL ;f] xbeGbf a9L jhgsf] ;jf/L;fwg rnfpg
gkfpg] u/L lgif]w ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] o:tf] ;"rgf hf/L gu/]sfn] lgdf{0f ePsf
;8sdf l8hfOg Ifdtf -!) 6g_ eGbf a9Lsf ;jf/L;fwg ;~rfng u/L ;8s l56f] lau|]sf] sf/0f
;]jf k|jfxdf c;/ k/]sf] 5 .
sfo{ ;Dkfbg ubf{ cjnDag ug'{kg]{ sfg'gsf] kfngf u/L ;]jf k|jfx k|efjsf/L agfpg'kg]{
b]lvG5 .
13. ;8s lgdf{0f – g]kfndf ;8s ljefu, :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljefu, zx/L ljsf; dGqfno, sf7df8f}F
pkTosf ljsf; k|flws/0f, :yfgLo tx;d]taf6 ;8s Pj+ k'nsf] lgdf{0f eO/x]sf] 5 . o:tf
lgsfox?n] lgdf{0f ug]{ ;8ssf] sfo{ If]q ls6fg u/]sf] kfOPg . ;8s lgdf{0f ug]{ lgsfo w]/} ePsf]
Pj+ lgdf{0f ;DaGwL gD;{ tyf :k]l;lkms];gdf ;d]t cGt/ /x]sfn] lgdf{0f Pj+ gD;{df Ps?ktf sfod
u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
14. ;'?ª dfu{ – dGqfnon] k"jf{wf/ ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfngdf lghL nufgL ;DaGwL P]g, @)^# /
lgodfjnL, @)^$ adf]lhd ?= #$ ca{ ** s/f]8 nfutdf sf7df8f}F–s'n]vfgL–x]6f}F8f ;'?ª dfu{
kl/of]hgf lgdf{0f u/L #) jif{;Dd ;~rfng ug{ Ps sDkgL;Fu @)&).!.#! df ;Demf}tf u/]sf] lyof] .
sDkgLn] dfu{ lgdf{0f ug{ ;]o/ afkt ;j{;fwf/0faf6 ;Íng u/]sf] /sdsf] pkof]u ;DaGwdf
dGqfnoaf6 cg'udg ePsf] 5}g eg] sDkgLn] lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? u/]sf] klg 5}g . pQm dfu{ lgdf{0f
sfo{ k|b]z ;/sf/n] ug{ ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/]sf]df lgdf{0fsf] 9fFrfsf ;DaGwdf s'g} lg0f{o u/]sf]
kfOPg . ctM o; ;DaGwdf dGqfnon] cfjZos lg0f{o u/L ;'?ª dfu{ lgdf{0f sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{
b]lvG5 .
15. /fli6«o lgdf{0f Ifdtf – g]kfnn] ;g\ @)@@ ;Dddf clt sd ljsl;t d'n'saf6 :t/f]Gglt ug]{ Pj+ ;g\
@)#) ;Dddf lbuf] ljsf;sf nIo xfl;n u/L dWod cfo ePsf] d'n's x'g] k|lta4tf hgfPsf]] 5 .
;+3Lotf sfof{Gjog;Fu} g]kfn ;/sf/n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] æ;+d[4 g]kfn, ;'vL g]kfnLÆ sf] nIo;d]t xfl;n
ug'{kg]{ ePsf] 5 . plNnlvt nIo k|flKtsf] nflu ;/sf/L Pj+ lghL If]qaf6 hnljB't, ;8s, l;FrfO,
zx/L ljsf;, xjfO{ d}bfg, kfs{, ljB't u[x, snsf/vfgf nufotsf cGo lgdf{0f ;DaGwL cfof]hgfdf
nufgL a9\b} uPsf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] lnPsf] nIocg'?k b]zsf] ;+d[l4sf] nflu lghL Pj+ ;fj{hlgs
lgdf{0f;Fu ;DalGwt cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos kg]{ ah]6, hgzlQm, lgdf{0f Joj;foL ;+Vof,
lgdf{0f sfo{df cfjZos kg]{ d]l;g/L Pj+ pks/0f tyf lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] pknAwtf cflbsf] cfFsng
u/L /fli6«o lgdf{0f Ifdtfsf] d"NofÍg x'g cfjZos b]lvPsf]n] dGqfnon] o;df ;dGjosf/L e"ldsf
lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
;8s ljefu
16. cfof]hgf :jLs[lt – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @@ df k|:tfljt cfof]hgfsf]
;DefJotf cWoog / cfly{s k|fljlws, jftfj/0fLo tyf k|zf;sLo pko'Qmtfsf] cfwf/df To;af6 x'g]
k|ltkmn;d]t aLrf/ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/af6 To:tf] cfof]hgf :jLs[lt ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . ;f]
;DaGwL Joxf]/f b]xfocg';f/ 5g\M
16.1. w/fg rt/f ufO{3f6 s6f/L l;Gw'nL x]6f}+8f ;8s of]hgfcGtu{t Ps k/fdz{bftfn] ;g\ @)!! df ?=*
ca{ &) s/f]8 @^ xhf/ nfut nfUg] u/L lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg k]; u/]sf]df ;g\ @)!^ df ;f]xL
k/fdz{bftfn] l8hfOg k'g/fjnf]sg u/L b'O{ v08 lgdf{0f ug{ ?=!& ca{ *) s/f]8 (@ nfUg] ;+zf]lwt
k|ltj]bg k]; u/]sf]df :jLs[t ePsf] kfOPg .
16.2. sflGt nf]sky ;8s of]hgf lgdf{0fsf] nflu blIf0f sf]l/ofsf] Ps k/fdz{bftn] ;g\ @))# df k];
u/]sf] k|ltj]bgdf ?=@ ca{ % s/f]8 #@ nfv -cd]l/sL 8n/ @ s/f]8 ^# nfv & xhf/_ nfUg] pNn]v
u/]sf] tyf of]hgfsf] jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePcg';f/ () ls=ld= ;8s sfnf]kq] ug{ ?=#
ca{ #$ s/f]8 @! nfv nfut nfUg] pNn]v 5 . lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/ u/] tfklg :jLs[t
gePsf]n] of]hgfsf] nfut olsg ePsf] 5}g .
16.3. ufO{3f6–lbSt]n ;8s of]hgfsf] lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg :jLs[t gu/L r]g]hcg';f/sf] dfq cfof]hgf
k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L sfo{ ubf{ s'g} v08 l;Ën n]g / s'g} v08 8an n]gdf lgdf{0f x'g] l:ylt 5 .
16.4. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no bfªn] b]j:yn–s}g8fF8f–rf}/hxf/L–8f]Nkf ;8scGtu{t ( ls=ld= ;8s
v08sf] ?=@) s/f]8 (# nfv ## xhf/sf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/]sf] eP klg ;a} v08sf] lj:t[t
cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/ u/]sf] 5}g .
16.5. ljefun] emfkfsf] zflGtgu/b]lv 8F8]Nw'/fsf] hf]ua'9f;Dd lgdf{0f x'g] sl/a ! xhf/ @)) ls=ld=
nDafO{sf] dbg e08f/L nf]sdfu{sf] lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L :jLs[t u/]sf] 5}g . ;8ssf]
/]vfÍg olsg geP klg :yfgLo tx Pj+ k|b]z ;/sf/df x:tfGt/0f x'g] l8lehg ;8s sfof{no
bfªsf] sfo{If]qdf /x]sf ;8s lgdf{0fsf] nflu ?=! ca{ ^$ s/f]8 @^ nfv @@ xhf/sf] vl/b ;Demf}tf
eO{ @)&$.&% ;Dd ?=$$ s/f]8 %# nfv #$ xhf/ e'QmfgL eO;s]sf !) vl/b ;Demf}tfx? dbg
e08f/L nf]s dfu{df ;dfj]z u/]sf]n] ;8ssf] /]vfÍg kl/jt{g ePdf nfut a9\g hfg] cj:yf
b]lvPsf] 5 .
cfof]hgf lgdf{0f ug'{ cl3 lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg :jLs[t u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ug'{kb{5 .
17. cfly{s sf/f]af/ ;~rfng – ljefun] ljefuLo k|d'vsf] gfddf cfPsf] clVtof/Lsf] n]vf ;|]:tf Pp6}
v8f u/L ;~rfng ug'{kg]{df dxfzfvf k|d'vx?nfO{ vr{ ug]{ clVtof/L k|bfg u/L sfo{qmd ;~rfng
u/]sf] b]lvof] . lhG;L tyf ;DklQsf PsLs[t clen]v tof/ ePsf] kfOPg . o; ;DaGwdf ut
ljutsf k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ul/Psf] eP tfklg l:ylt oyfjt\ 5 .
18. vl/bdf k|lt:kwf{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# n] ;fj{hlgs vl/b k|lqmofdf k|lt:kwf{, :jR5tf,
kf/blz{tf, hjfkmb]lxtf / ljZj;gLotf k|j4{g ug]{, lagf e]befj ;fj{hlgs vl/b k|lqmofdf ;xefuL
x'g] ;dfg cj;/ ;'lglZrt ug]{ ;DaGwdf Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . of] jif{ @( sfof{non] ?=*$ ca{ $&
s/f]8 ^) nfv nfut cg'dfg ePsf lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ (!& af]nkq cfXjfg u/]sf]df ?=^& ca{ &*
s/f]8 @@ nfvsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf] b]lvG5 . nfut cg'dfgsf] t'ngfdf cf};tdf !(=&^ k|ltzt
36Ldf ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . b]xfosf (( vl/b ;Demf}tfdf !) k|ltzteGbf 36L b/df k|lt:kwf{ ePsf]
cj:yf 5M
-? nfvdf_
sfof{no vl/b ;Demf}tf ;+Vof nfut cg'dfg ? :jLs[t /sd ? 36L k|ltzt
;8s ljefu k'n 70 1,53,05 1,39,93 8.57
x'nfsL /fhdfu{ cfof]hgf 12 10,61,00 10,54,00 0.58
;8s ljefu j}b]lzs 5 55,06 54,74 0.57
dWokxf8L nf]sdfu{ -k"jL{ v08_ 10 6,44,97 6,39,08 0.91
cfof]hgf lgb]{zgfno -P8LaL_ 2 1,56,79 1,56,26 0.34
vl/b ;Demf}tf ubf{ kof{Kt k|lt:kwf{ sfod x'g] u/L vl/b;DaGwL sf/afxL ug'{kb{5 .
19. ah]6 ;'lglZrttf – cy{ dGqfnosf] ljleGg ldltsf] kl/kq Pj+ /fli6\o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;xdltdf
ljleGg of]hgfsf lgdf{0f sfo{x?sf] nfut cg'dfg tyf 8L=kL=cf/= tof/ ePcg';f/ k"j{tof/Lsf
;Dk"0f{ sfo{ / dfkb08 k'/f u/L sfd x'g] ;'lglZrt ePkl5 sfo{ k|ultsf] cfwf/df k|rlnt sfg'g
adf]lhd 7]Ssf k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg'kb{5 . cy{ dGqfno tyf /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] ljleGg ah]6
pkzLif{scGtu{t $! ax'aifL{o of]hgfsf] nflu ?=%& cj{ &( s/f]8 %% nfvsf] ;|f]t ;'lglZrttf
Pj+ yk ah]6sf] ;xdlt k|bfg u/]sf] kfOof] . cfof]hgfsf k"j{ tof/Lsf sfo{ k'/f u/] kZrft ;|f]t
;'lgZrttf / yk ah]6sf] ;xdlt lbg'kb{5 .
20. ;8s dd{t – ;8s ljefun] hf/L u/]sf] k]ed]G6 l8hfOg lgb]{lzsfn] /fli6«o nf]sdfu{sf] !% jif{,
zx/L ;8ssf] @) jif{ / cGo ;8ssf] !) b]lv !% jif{ cfo' tf]s]sf] 5 . pQm cfo' sfod /fVg
lgoldt ?kdf ;8s dd{t ;Def/ ug'{kb{5 . ;8sx?sf] lgdf{0f sfo{df u'0f:t/ sfod gu/]sf]n]
lgwf{l/t cfo'eGbf klxn] g} dd{t ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 . ;8s ljefusf] clen]vcg';f/ sf7df8f}F
pkTosfdf dfq ^#& ls=ld= sf @!& ;8ssf] dd{t ug{ pkTosfsf $ sfof{non] @)&$.&% df
ljlgof]lht ?=*) s/f]8 !) nfv %$ xhf/dWo] ?=^# s/f]8 &) nfv @$ xhf/ vr{ u/]sf 5g\ .
lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] ;Demf}tfcg';f/ ;dodf sfo{ ;DkGg gubf{ oftfoftdf sl7gfO ePsf], k|b"if0fsf]
dfqf a9\g uO{ hg:jf:Yodf c;/ u/]sf], ;8sdf vfN8f w]/} eO{ b'3{6gfdf j[l4 eO{ wghgsf] Iflt
x'g uPsf] l:ylt 5 . ;8s dd{t ug]{ lgsfoaLr ;dGjo gePsf]n] dd{t sfo{ k|efjsf/L b]lvPsf]
5}g . To:t}, ;8s lau|]/ oftfoftdf sl7gfO ePsf] ;"rgf lng] / ;f]adf]lhd tTsfn ;'gjfO{ eO{
cg'udg ug]{ ;+oGq;d]t agfPsf] b]lvFb}g . ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] cg';"rL $-s_
adf]lhd lgoldt ?kdf ;8s dd{t ug{ PsfO{ b/ ;Demf}tf u/L vfN8f k/]sf :yfgdf tTsfn dd{t
u/L gfkhfFrsf cfwf/df e'QmfgL ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
21. rqmky lgdf{0f – sf7df8f}+ rqmky ;'wf/sf] nflu sf]6]Zj/ b]lv snÍL ;Ddsf] !)=#(% ls=ld= ;8s
lgdf{0f ug{ ;8s ljefu / rLgsf] Ps sDkgLaLr ePsf] ;Demf}tfcg';f/ ^ ;]K6]Da/ @)!# b]lv %
hgj/L @)!& df ;DkGg ug{ ;Demf}tf ePsf] b]lvof] . pQm cjlwdf aGb x8tfn, e"sDk, gfsfaGbL,
snÍL c08/ kf;sf] nflu l8hfOg k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{k/]sf] nufotsf sf/0f ! jif{ ^ dlxgf yk u/L
#! h'nfO{ @)!* ;Dd sfod ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ rLg ;/sf/sf] lrlgofF o'cfg #! s/f]8
@) nfv cg'bfg ;xof]u / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ?=! ca{ *# s/f]8 $) nfv vr{ ug]{ cg'dfg /x]sf]df
qmdzM rLg ;/sf/sf] ?=$ ca{ ## s/f]8 &! nfv && xhf/ / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ?=*% s/f]8 #$ nfv
vr{ ePsf] 5 . rLg ;/sf/n] ;g @)!( hgj/L @* -@)&%.!).!$_ df pQm sfo{ ;DkGg u/L g]kfn
;/sf/nfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfo{ dWo] ;8ssf] ljleGg v08df ;le{; 6«ofs
lgdf{0f, ;8s ;'/Iff k]6L, h]a|f qml;Ë, ;8s aQL, 6«flkms ;+s]t, csfz] k'n / u|Lg a]N6 lgdf{0f sfo{
cf+lzs ?kdf dfq ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
22. nfutdf ;+zf]wg – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@ cg';f/ k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] nfut
cg'dfg oyfy{ k/s x'g] u/L lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 . ;8s ljefucGtu{t dd{t ;Def/ dxfzfvfn]
dLgejgdf lgdf{0f x'g] ;8s ljefusf] sfof{no ejg lgdf{0f ug{ ;DefJotf cWoog tyf l8hfOgdf
?=$@ nfv ^) xhf/ / ;'k/lehgsf] nflu ?=! s/f]8 ## nfv $( xhf/ ;d]t ?=! s/f]8 &^ nfv (
xhf/sf] nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t u/]sf] b]lvof] . cfzokq :jLs[t eO{ k/fdz{bftf 5gf}6 k|lqmofdf /x]s}
;dodf ;'k/lehg calw @) dlxgf sd x'g] sf/0f b]vfO{ #^ dlxgf sfod u/]sf] 5 . l8hfOg
r/0fsf] ?=^) nfv (@ xhf/ / ;'k/lehg r/0fsf] ?=# s/f]8 @! nfv &@ xhf/;d]t ?=# s/f]8 *@
nfv ^$ xhf/sf] ;+zf]lwt nfut cg'dfg dxflgb]{zsaf6 @)&$.$.^ df :jLs[t u/]sf] b]lvof] . z'?d}
oyfy{ nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/L :jLs[t ug'{kg]{df cfzokq :jLs[t eO{ cfly{s k|:tfjsf] ;"rgf
e};s]kl5 nfut cg'dfg ;+zf]wg u/L ?=@ s/f]8 ^ nfv %% xhf/ yk nfut cg'dfg sfod u/]sf]
lgod ;Ddt b]lvPg . ;+zf]lwt nfut c'gdfg tof/ ubf{ ;dfj]z ug{ gldNg] !% k|ltzt cf]e/x]8
?=@* nfv !! xhf/;d]t ;dfj]z u/]sfn]] e'QmfgL lbg ldNg] b]lvFb}g .
23. cw'/f] 7]Ssf – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgdfodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @@ adf]lhd ;Demf}tf ubf{ lgod !!!
adf]lhd ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog;DaGwL sfo{of]hgf / sfo{tflnsf tof/ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . 7]Ssf
;Demf}tf tyf sfo{tflnsfadf]lhd sfo{ x'g g;s]df lgod !@) adf]lhd Dofb yk jf lgod !@!
adf]lhd k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ lnO{ ;Demf}tfadf]lhd sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug'{kg]{ / ;f]cg';f/ sfo{ x'g
g;s]df ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf ^# adf]lhd sfnf];"rLdf /fVg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . P]g tyf
lgoddf ePsf] pQm Joj:yfcg';f/ 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ePsf lgdf{0f sfo{ ;Demf}tfcg';f/sf] sfo{tflnsf
adf]lhd sfo{ ;DkGg geO{ cw'/f] /x]sf] ljj/0f b]xfoadf]lhd 5g\M
-?= nfvdf_
;Demf}tf Dofb ;lsPsf ;Demf}tf
ljj/0f
;+Vof ;Demf}tf /sd ;+Vof ;Demf}tf /sd
;8s lgdf{0f @^(@ !),!*,*#,*) $^( !$,@%,@!
k'n lgdf{0f !!^* *@,%@,)% ##* @!,@%,))
s'n #*^) !!,)!,#%,*% *)& #%,%),@!
23.1. ljefucGtu{tsf %@ sfof{nodf ?= !! va{ ! ca{ #% s/f]8 *% nfv ;Demf}tf /sd ePsf # xhf/
*^) vl/b ;Demf}tf /x]sf]df vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb ;dfKt ePsf @& sfof{nosf ? #% ca{ %)
s/f]8 @! nfv ;Demf}tf /sd ePsf *)& of]hgf cw'/f] /x]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm cw'/f] 7]SsfdWo] ?=*@
ca{ %@ s/f]8 % nfv ;Demf}tfsf] ! xhf/ !^* k'n lgdf{0f ;Demf}tfdWo] ?=@! ca{ @% s/f]8 ;Demf}tf
/sd ePsf ##* vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb ;dfKt eO{ cw'/f] /x]sf] kfOof] . ;dodf sfo{ ;DkGg gug{]
lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ePsf] vl/b ;Demf}tfsf zt{ / ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# adf]lhd ;dodf
lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg u/fpg'kb{5 .
23.2. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, a'6jncGtu{t @)^%.^^ b]lv 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf u/L lgdf{0f z'? u/]sf %*
k'nsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ of] jif{;Dd ;DkGg ePsf] 5}g . ;DkGg x'g afFsL k'n %* dWo] @)^%.^^ b]lv
@)&!.&@ ;Dd ;Demf}tf ePsf !^ / @)&@.&# sf] ! ;d]t !& k'nsf] ;DkGg ug]{ Dofb ;lsPsf]
cj:yfdf !& b]lv *^ k|ltztdfq k|ult u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
23.3. dWokxf8L nf]sdfu{ cfof]hgf -k"jL{ v08_ n] vfª;fª / ;f]v' vf]nf k'n @)^(.(.@* df lgdf{0f ;DkGg
ug{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=!) s/f]8 $# nfv (* xhf/sf] vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf]df @)&).(.@^
;Dd Dofb yk;d]t ePsf]df ?=$ s/f]8 &$ nfv &# xhf/ e'QmfgL eP klg lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg
ePsf] 5}g . To:t} axfb'/] vf]nf k'nsf] ?=# s/f]8 %! nfv !% xhf/df @)^(.(.@# df ;DkGg ug{
@)^*.#.@$ df Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ;Demf}tf ePsf]df l8hfOg kl/jt{g ePsf] pNn]v u/L ?=#$
nfv $% xhf/sf] e]l/P;g cfb]z hf/L ePsf]df xfn;Dd tLg lkn/ / Ps :Nofa tof/ eO{ ^@=$&
k|ltztdfq k|ult ePsf] kfOof] .
23.4. ljefu dftxtsf $# sfof{non] of] jif{ ?=!( ca{ #@ s/f]8 $$ nfvsf] (!& vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf
5g\ . ;f]dWo] k|yd rf}dfl;sdf !!( -!@=(* k|ltzt_, bf];|f] rf}dfl;sdf #$@ -#&=@( k|ltzt_, t];|f]
rf}dfl;sdf $%! -$(=!* k|ltzt_ / @)&% cfiff9df ** -(=%( k|ltzt_ vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 .
vl/b ;Demf}tfdf l9nfO{sf sf/0f %$% -%(=$# k|ltzt_ 7]Ssfsf] sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5}g . vl/b
;Demf}tf ;dod} ;DkGg ug'{kb{5 .

23.5. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, bfªn] sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf ?=#* s/f]8 @( nfv &* xhf/sf $* vl/b
;Demf}tfdWo] o; jif{;Dd ?=* s/f]8 $@ nfv ^& xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . pQm ;a} ;Demf}tfsf]
Dofb ;dfKt ePsf]df lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] kfOPg . pQm ;Demf}tfx?sf] tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf
;DkGg gePsfn] ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g / lgodfjnLadf]lhd sf/afxL ug'{kb{5 .
23.6. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, bf]nvfn] d'8]–d]n'ª ;8s :t/f]Ggltsf] nflu Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ePsf]
;Demf}tf /sd e]l/P;g;d]t ?=!! s/f]8 *! nfv (! xhf/ /x]sf] 5 . lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] ylkPsf]
Dofb @)&$.#.#) ;Dddf sfo{ ;DkGg gu/]sf]]n] vl/b ;Demf}tf cGTo u/L sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt ? !
s/f]8 #$ nfv !$ xhf/ hkmt u/]sf] 5 . vl/b ;Demf}tf cGTo ug]{ lg0f{odf ;Demf}tfsf] afFsL sfo{
u/fpg nfUg] ? ^ s/f]8 $$ nfv #$ xhf/sf] @% k|ltztn] x'g] ?=! s/f]8 ^! nfv * xhf/ c;'n
u/]sf] / P]gsf] bkmf ^#-!_ adf]lhd sfnf];"rLdf /fv]sf] 5}g . o;} u/L ut ljut jif{ 7]Ssf k§f ePsf
!% ;Demf}tf ;DalGwt lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] sfof{Gjog gu/]sf]n] o;df /fv]sf] ?=@! nfv @% xhf/
sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt hkmt u/L lgdf{0f Joj;foLx?nfO{ sfnf];"rLdf /fVg kqfrf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
23.7. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, Ko'7fgcGtu{t lemd?s gbLdf cf/ ;L ;L lk|:6«]; k'n lgdf{0fsf] nflu 5gf]6
ePsf lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?= * s/f]8 %! nfv %@ xhf/sf] vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf]df ylkPsf] Dofb
@)&$.!!.!% ;Dddf #% k|ltztdfq k|ult ePsf] 5 . :ynut lg/LIf0fsf] qmddf ;d]t b'O{ tkm{sf
Pa'6d]G6 agfP tfklg gbLsf] aLr efudf aGg'kg]{ kfo/ ag]sf] gb]lvPsf]n] k'n lgdf{0f x'g;Sg] cj:yf
b]lvPg . lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] @)&% ciff9 d;fGt ;Ddsf] Dofb yksf nflu lgj]bg lbP tfklg yk ug]{
lg0f{o ePsf] 5}g . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ sfd gug]{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLaf6 ? &) nfv *# xhf/ k"j{lgwf{l/t
Ifltk"lt{ c;'n u/]sf] 5}g .
23.8. ;8s ljefu / lgdf{0f Joj;foL lar /f]8;]ˆ6L;DaGwL # 7]Ssf ;Demf}Tffsf] Dofb ;dfKt ePsf]df
@)&% c;f/ d;fGt;Dd Dofb yk tyf sfo{ ;DkGg b'j} ePsf] b]lvPg . lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] ;Demf}tf
Pj+ sfo{tflnsf adf]lhd sfo{ gu/]sf]n] k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ ? ^& nfv *) xhf/ c;'n u/L sfo{
u/fpg'kg]{ b]lvg'sf] ;fy} sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt ? ## nfv (( xhf/ / df]lanfOh];g k]:sL ?=$*
nfv %) xhf/ hdfgtsf] Dofb ;dfKt ePsf]n] ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g tyf lgodadf]lhd sf/afxL
ug'{kb{5 .
23.9. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, a'6jnn] ?=% s/f]8 ## nfv @$ xhf/df ltgfp vf]nf k'n / ?=% s/f]8 %^
nfv *) xhf/df 8f]08f vf]nf k'n @ jif{leq ;DkGg ug]{ u/L 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df ltgfp vf]nf
k'nsf] ?=# s/f]8 !^ nfv (* xhf/ -%) k|ltzt_ / 8f]08f vf]nf k'nsf] ?= ! s/f]8 #! nfv & xhf/
-$% k|ltzt_ ef}lts k|ult u/]sf] 5 . :ynut lg/LIf0f ubf{ 8f]08f vf]nf k'ndf Pa'6d]G6sf] sfd z'?
gu/L vf]nfsf] aLrdf # j6f lko/ -;j:6«Sr/_ sf] sfddfq u/]sf] / ltgfp vf]nfdf ;'k/:6«Sr/sf]
sfd ;DkGg u/L vf]nfsf] jfl/kfl/ ghf]8L aLrdf k'n 78\ofPsf] b]lvG5 . ;Demf}tf ePsf] @ jif{df
;DkGg ug'{kg]{ k'n $ jif{ % dlxgf;Dd klg sl/a %) k|ltzt sfd klg ;DkGg ePsf] b]lvPg .
23.10. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, h'DnfcGtu{t lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ePsf] vl/b ;Demf}tfadf]lhd ;dod} sfo{
;DkGg ug'{kg]{df b]xfosf lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{kg]{ Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] jiff}{ kl5;Dd lgdf{0f sfo{
gu/L lgliqmo /x]sf] sf/0f e'QmfgL ePsf] df]lanfOh];g k]:sL / lansf] e'QmfgL pknlJwljxLg x'g
k'u]sf] b]lvG5 .
-/sd ?=xhf/df_
lgdf{0f sfo{ ;Demf}tf ldlt ;DkGg ug'{kg]{ ldlt ;Demf}tf /sd e'QmfgL /sd k]:sL afFsL
3t]vf]nf k'n 2069/3/27 2070/6/27 4,51,20 0 59,79
s0ff{nL gbL k'n 2069/3/28 2072/2/27 13,88,59 51,23 47,00
23.11. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, ;'v]{tcGtu{tsf] hfh/sf]6–h'Dnf hf]8\g] hfh/sf]6–Jo'nL9'Fuf–h'Dnf ;8s
lgdf{0f yfn]sf] !@ jif{ lat]sf] / ?=@% s/f]8 vr{ ePklg $) ls=ld= 6«ofs v'Ng g;s]sf], ()
ls=ld=sf] hfh/sf]6 5]8f–rfFb]–h'Dnf ;8sdf ?=#) s/f]8 vr{ ePklg #% ls=ld= dfq lgdf{0f ePsf]

tyf ! ;o $) ls=ld=sf] hfh/sf]6–af/]sf]6–rfv'/–] h'Dnf ;8sdf ?=@) s/f]8 vr{ eP klg #%
ls=ld= lgdf{0f ePsf] b]lvPsfn] tf]lsPsf] ;dodf lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg x''g'kb{5 .
23.12. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, bf]nvfn] ljut cfly{s jif{df ?=&^ s/f]8 *& nfv %) xhf/df ;Demf}tf eO{
sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf @% 7]Ssf k6s k6s Dofb yk ubf{ klg lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg gePsf]n] xfn;Dd
vr{ ePsf] ?=$) s/f]8 @^ nfv &* xhf/ pknlAwljxLg x'g k'u]sf] 5 . Dofb yk kZrft\ klg
lgdf{0f sfo{ cw'/f] /x]]sf] / k'gM Dofb yk ePsf] ;d]t gb]lvFbf lgod !@! cg';f/ k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{
lnO{ sfd ;DkGg u/fpg'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
23.13. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, sf7df8f}F–! df of] jif{;Dd ljutb]lv lhDd]jf/L ;b}{ cfPsf @@# ;d]t $)#
vl/b ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf]df cfufdL jif{sf] nflu lhDd]jf/L ;/]sf] @^( vl/b ;Demf}tfdf ?=#
cj{ *# s/f]8 (@ nfv bfloTj afFsL /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;/L lhDd]jf/L ;/]sf] vl/b ;Demf}tfdWo] @!!
sf] Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] / ;f]dWo] !)* vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt / @! 7]Ssfsf] ?=@
s/f]8 *) nfv &% xhf/ k]:sL hdfgtsf] Dofb ;dfKt eO{ ;s]sf]n] hf]lvddf k/]sf] 5 .
23.14. ufO{3f6 lbSt]n ;8s of]hgfcGtu{t lgdf{0f x'g] ;a} v08sf] vl/b ;Demf}tf eP klg ;8s v08df
kg]{ @ k'nsf] lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L vl/b sf/afxL cufl8 a9fPsf] 5}g eg] pQm ;8s
v08df kg]{ ;'gsf]zL gbLcGtu{t kmf]lS;ª6f/df k'n lgdf{0f ug{ k'n of]hgf k"jL{ ;]S6/ g+=! n] vl/b
;Demf}tf u/] klg lgdf{0f sfo{ cufl8 ga9fPsf]n] ljBdfg ;8ssf] pkof]u jif}{el/ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
of]hgfn] ^ dlxgfsf nflu x/]s jif{ ?=*% nfv vr{ u/L a]nLlah| h8fg ug]{ / ^ dlxgf a]nLla|h
x6fpg] u/]sf] 5 . ;8s v08df kg]{ k'nsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;dodf cufl8 ga9fpgfn] a]nLla|h h8fgdf
jif]{gL ah]6 vr{ eO{ /x]sf] 5 eg] lgdf{0f ePsf] ;8sdf jif}{el/ ;jf/L;fwg ;~rfng x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
23.15. w/fg–rt/f–ufO{3f6–s6f/L–l;Gw'nL–x]6f}F8f ;8s of]hgf k"jL{ v08cGtu{t $# k'nsf] lgdf{0f eO{
/x]sf]df yk !) k'n cfjZos kg]{ b]lvP klg yk k'nsf] lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L vl/b
sf/afxL z'? gePsf] t/ ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ clGtd r/0fdf /x]sf]n] yk k'n lgdf{0f gePdf ;8ssf]
pkof]udf afwf kg]{ b]lvG5 .
23.16. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no s~rgk'/n] vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf ^# k'ndWo] @)&$.&% df #( k'nsf] dfq
lgdf{0f sfo{ eO/x]sf]df ?=!# s/f]8 %& nfv %) xhf/ df]lanfOh];g k]:sL lbPsf !# k'n lgdf{0fsf]
nflu ah]6 ljlgof]hg gePsf]n] lgdf{0f sfo{ z'rf? ePsf] b]lvPg eg] 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf cGTo u/L
df]lanfOh];g k]:sL lkmtf{ k|fKt u/]sf] klg 5}g . To:t} bf]bf gbLdf ?=@$ s/f]8sf] saf]n cÍdf !&)
ld6/ nfdf] k'n lgdf{0f ug{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf]df lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] tLg
j6f lkn/ dfq lgdf{0f u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ cw'/f] 5f8]sf] 5 .
23.17. hgsk'/ kl/qmdf Jofkfl/s dfu{ lj:tf/ cfof]hgfdf ?=$^ s/f]8 %# nfv # xhf/df 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf
eO{ lgdf{0ffwLg & k'ndWo] $ k'nx?sf] d"No ;dfof]hg ;lxt ?=!& s/f]8 & nfv #& xhf/ vr{
eO;s]sf] / z'? ;Demf}tf cjlw k"/f eO{ ;s]sf]df xfn;Dd lgdf{0f sfo{ k"/f u/]sf] kfOPg .
23.18. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, e/tk'/n] lqz"nL gbLdf b]j3f6–l7d'/f hf]8\g] k'n lgdf{0f ug{ @)&$.&.!(
;Dd lgdf{0f ;DkGg ug]{ u/L @)&).&.@) df ?=!^ s/f]8 %# nfv @$ xhf/df ;Demf}tf u/L sfo{
u/fPsf]df e]l/P;gaf6 yk sfo{;d]t ?=!* s/f]8 *! nfv &@ xhf/ k'¥ofPsf] 5 . of] jif{;Dd pQm
k'ndf ?=^ s/f]8 &% nfv %( xhf/ e'QmfgL eO{ ;s]sf]df k'nsf] lrtjg lhNnftkm{sf] v08df
Pk|f]r;8s olsg gu/L k'n lgdf{0f sfo{ eO{ /x]sf] / o; cl3 lgdf{0f eO{ ;s]sf] Pa'6d]G6 ;d]t
vf]nfsf] wf/ kl/jt{g eO{ s6fg x'g] cj:yfdf /x]sf] b]lvof] .
ctM pko'{Qmnufotsf cw'/f] 7]Ssfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ P]g lgodadf]lhd sf/afxL u/L ;DkGg
ug'{kb{5 .
24. dftxtsf] 7]Ssf aGbf]a:t – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !!* df clwsf/ k|fKt
clwsf/Lsf] sfddf tfn's sfof{no jf kbflwsf/Ln] x:tIf]k ug{ gx'g] pNn]v 5 . s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf]
?kdf /x]sf] ;8s ljefu dftxtsf sfof{non] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfdsf] cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg Pj+
gLlt lgdf{0f sfo{df s]lGb|t x'g'kb{5 . ljefusf] k'n dxfzfvf, j}b]lzs dxfzfvf / x'nfsL /fhdfu{
lgb]{zgfnon] && 7]Ssfsf] ?=@^ ca{ ^* s/f8 % nfvsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf u/L klxnf] ls:tf
df]lanfOh];g k]:sL ?=@ ca{ #& s/f]8 $( nfv e'QmfgL u/]kl5 vl/b ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ug{
dftxt sfof{nodf k7fPsf] b]lvG5 . dftxt lgsfoaf6 eP u/]sf sfdsf] cg'udg / lg/LIf0f u/L
sdL sdhf]/L ;'wf/ ug{ nufO{ ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ ;'b[9 ug'{kg]{ lgodg ug]{ lgsfo g} dftxt sfof{nosf]
If]qflwsf/ leqsf] vl/b Joj:yfkg sfo{df ;+nUg ePsf] ;'kl/j]If0f tyf lgogq0fsf] l;4fGt /
k|rlnt sfg'g;Ddt b]lvPg . o:tf] sfo{df lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
25. slG6Gh]G;L vr{ – g]kfn ;/sf/n] hf/L u/]sf] cfly{s ;+s]t tyf vr{ juL{s/0fdf vr{;DaGwL
;+s]tx? tf]lsPsf 5g\ . pQm ;+s]t;Fu d]n gvfg] u/L ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f vr{ zLif{saf6 ljefu /
cGtutsf ^& sfof{non] di6/f]n Hofnf ?=@& s/f]8 ^) nfv, OGwg vr{ ?=!) s/f]8 %% nfv,
;"rgf k|sfzg vr{ ?=^ s/f]8 #) nfv, b}lgs eQf tyf e|d0f vr{df ?=& s/f]8 (( nfv, dd{t vr{
?=!@ s/f]8 %( nfv, sfof{no ;fdfg ?=!! s/f]8 #& nfv / cGo vr{ ?=!@ s/f]8 $) nfv,
;jf/L;fwg, pks/0f vl/b ug{ ljefu k7fPsf] /sd ?=$# s/f]8 ^^ nfv;d]t ?=! ca{ #@ s/f]8
$^ nfv slG6Gh]G;Ldf vr{ u/]sf 5g\ . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgcg';f/ 5g\M
25.1. ;8s ljefun] dftxtsf sfof{nonfO{ vr{ ug]{ clVtof/L lbPsf] dWo]af6 ?=$# s/f]8 ^^ nfv $!
xhf/ k|fKt u/L ?=#@ s/f]8 %# nfv ^^ xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] 5 . k|fKt slG6Gh]G;L /sdaf6 Aofsxf]
nf]8/ !@, lrlkª :k|]8/ &, l6k/, 6«s !) / df]6/;fO{sn ! yfg vl/b u/]sf] eP klg k|rlnt
sfg'gdf vr{ ug]{ clVtof/L lbPsf] /sd tfn's sfof{non] lnO{ vr{ ug]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] 5}g .
25.2. cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL @)^$ cg';f/ vr{ gePsf] /sd ;l~rt sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{kg]{df
slG6Gh]G;Ltkm{ ut jif{sf] lhDd]jf/L ?=^ s/f]8 #! nfv @% xhf/;d]t hDdf ?=$# s/f]8 ^^ nfv
$! xhf/dWo] ? #@ s/f]8 %# nfv ^^ xhf/ vr{ u/L ?=!! s/f]8 !@ nfv &% xhf/ afFsL /x]sf]df
;f] /sd ;l~rt sf]ifdf bflvnf u/]sf] 5}g .
25.3. dGqfnon] ;fj{hlgs vl/bdf slG6Gh]G;L /sd vr{nfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ lgb]{lzsf, @)&$ hf/L u/]sf] 5
. lgb]{lzsfn] slG6Gh]G;L vr{ hgfpFbf ;DalGwt 7]Ssfsf] gfkL lstfadf vr{ k|lji6 ug'{kg]{ / 7]Ssfut
vr{sf] clen]v /fVg' kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] eP tfklg ljefu / dftxtsf sfof{non] vr{ k|lji6 /
clen]v /fv]sf] kfOPg .
25.4. ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ n] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nfutdf % k|ltzt;Dd slG6Gh]G;L vr{
Joj:yfkg ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf u/] klg ljefun] vr{ ug{ clVtof/L k|bfg u/]sf] ah]6sf] @ k|ltzt
lkmtf{ dfu u/L vr{ u/]sf]n] ;DalGwt sfof{non] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] ah]6 vr{ ug{ g;s]sf] cj:yfdf
lgodfjnLn] tf]s]sf] l;dfleq /x]/ slG6Gh]G;L vr{ x'g ;Sg] cj:yf b]lvPg .
25.5. cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ adf]lhd lhG;L dfn ;fdfg x:tfGt/0f ubf{ :jLs[t d=n]=k=
kmf/fd e/L x:tfGt/0f Pj+ lhG;L cBfjlws ug'{kg]{df ljefun] slG6Gh]G;Laf6 vl/b u/]sf ?=@%
s/f]8 $% nfv &! xhf/ d"Nosf] ^# ;jf/L;fwg / x]eL OSjLkd]G6 ljleGg l8lehg sfof{nonfO{
x:tfGt/0f u/L k7fPsf]df tL sfof{non] pQm ;jf/L;fwg / x]eL OSjLkd]G6 lhG;L cfDbfgL hgfO{
x:tfGt/0f kmf/d k|dfl0ft u/L k7fPsf] b]lvPg .
dGqfno dftxtsf lgsfon] slG6Gh]G;L /sd vr{ ubf{ :jLs[t lgb]{lzsfsf] sfof{Gjog
ug'{kb{5 .
26. k'FhLut nfes/ – cfos/ P]g, @)%* bkmf (%-#_df s'g} k|fs[lts JolQmn] Ps cfly{s jif{df ?=#)
nfv jf ;f]eGbf a9Lsf] hUuf jf lghL ejg lg;u{ u/]df k'FhLut nfes/ afkt lg;u{ ePsf]
;DklQsf] :jfldTj % jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L eP @=% k|ltzt / u}/ Jofj;flos s/of]Uo ;DklQsf]
:jfldTj % jif{eGbf sd /x]sf] 5 eg] % k|ltztsf b/n] v'b k'FhLut nfedf clu|d ?kd} s/ c;'n
ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . dxfsfnL k'n cfof]hgf, sGrgk'/n] d'cfjhf ljt/0f u/]sf] ?=* s/f]8 &) nfv

$) xhf/dWo] ?= #) nfveGbf a9Lsf] ;DklQ lg;u{ ug]{ !* JolQmaf6 k'FhLut nfes/ afkt ?=#$
nfv *^ xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
27. k/fdz{ ;]jf – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @( -!_-s_ df sfof{nodf pknAw hgzlQmaf6
s'g} sfd x'g g;Sg] ePdf k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b
;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgcg';f/ 5g\M
27.1. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, bfª, dWokxf8L nf]sdfu{ -klZrd v08_ / ufO{3f6–lbSt]n ;8s of]hgfn]
k/fdz{bftfn] k]; u/]sf] lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v eP cg';f/ ?= $ ca{ ^$ s/f]8 !(
nfv nfut cg'dfgsf] vl/b sf/afxL u/L ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf
k/fdz{bftfn] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] nfut cg'dfgdf e]l/P;gaf6 ?=^) s/f]8 $^ nfv yk eO{ ;Demf}tf
/sd ?=% ca{ @$ s/f]8 ^% nfv sfod ePsf] 5 . o;/L nfut cg'dfgdf ;f/e"t km/s k/]sf]n]
nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug]{ k/fdz{bftfnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
27.2. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, bfªcGtu{t l;l{;{of gfsf–ls/gL–a]nf–d/fdsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{sf] nflu Ps
k/fdz{bftfn] ?=@@ s/f]8 $# nfv @) xhf/ nfutsf] nfut cg'dfg k]; u/]sf]df sfof{noaf6 ?=!!
s/f]8 $$ nfv ^ xhf/ nfut cg'dfg sfod u/L :jLs[t ePsfn] ?=( s/f]8 !( nfv &$ xhf/
a9Lsf] nfut cg'dfg sfod ug]{ k/fdz{bftfnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
27.3. ;8s ;'wf/ cfof]hgf, ;dGjo OsfO{n] !& of]hgfdf lgdf{0f sfo{sf] l8hfOg tyf sfdsf] ;'kl/lehg
ug{ lgo'Qm # k/fdz{bftfsf] #^ dlxgf ;]jf cjlwdf ^# dlxgf;Dd yk u/]sf] / ;Demf}tf /sddf
?=!@ s/f]8 (@ nfv ## xhf/ yk eO{ ;Sbf ;d]t lgdf{0f sfo{df ePsf] l9nfOsf] sf/0fn]
k/fdz{bftfsf] nfut cem a9\g] cj:yf b]lvPsf] 5 .
27.4. dGqfno cGtu{t ;~rflnt cfof]hgf dWo] lgDg cfof]hgfn] o; jif{ ?= !! ca{ $* s/f]8 $# nfv
vr{ u/]sf]df k/fdz{ ;]jfdf dfq ?= ! ca{ ** s/f]8 $* nfv vr{ u/]sf] 5 . k/fdz{ ;]jfdf %=#)
k|ltztb]lv #!=)* k|ltzt ;Dd vr{ u/]sf]n] vr{df lgoGq0f x'g'kb{5 .
-?= nfvdf_
of] jif{sf] k'FhLut vr{ dWo] k/fdz{ vr{sf]
cfof]hgf k/fdz{ ;]jf vr{ ?=
vr{ ?= k|ltzt
;8s ;'wf/ cfof]hgf 18152 995 5.48
;8s If]q ljsf; cfof]hgf 16137 856 5.30
/]n, d]6«f] /]n cfof]hgf 37771 11740 31.08
;f;]s /f]8 sg]S6Lle6L cfof]hgf 12957 1440 11.11
g]kfn ef/t If]qLo Jofkf/ cfof]hgf 17566 1359 7.74
gfu9'Ëf ;'?ª dfu{ 8896 2073 23.30
;f;]s ;8s ;'wf/ cfof]hgf 3364 385 11.44
114843 18848
28. ;dGjo Pj+ lgdf{0f:yn – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod ^-#_ df lgdf{0f:ynsf]
Joj:yf geO{ vl/b sfo{ z'? ug{ gx'g] / cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @)-#_df cGo
lgsfo;Fu lng' kg]{ ;xof]u / :jLs[ltaf/] kqfrf/ / 5nkmn ug]{ sfo{ k|yd rf}dfl;sdf ;dfKt
ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
28.1. ;8s ljefun] l8hfOg P08 laN8 k|lqmofaf6 jfUdtL gbLsf] l;gfd+un k'n lgdf{0fsf] nflu Ps
lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ? & s/f]8 () nfv !% xhf/df @)&%.&.@( ;Dd ;DkGg ug]{ ul/ @)&@.)&.@(
df ;Demf}tf ePsf] b]lvG5 . lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ ? (& nfv &% xhf/ k]:sL lbPsf]df vfg]kfgL kfO{k,
lah'nLsf] kf]n, 9n Pj+ k'n jl/kl/sf 3/ 6x/f x6fpg g;s]]sf] egL @ jif{ ( dlxgf lalt;Sbf ;d]t
lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? u/]s]f b]lvPg . xfn;Dd l8hfOg tof/ u/L ? @& nfv ^^ xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 .
lgdf{0f :ynsf] Joj:yf gu/L 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf u/]sf sf/0f lgdf{0f sfo{ x'g g;sL ?=(& nfv &%

xhf/ k]:sL lgliqmo x'g uPsf] b]lvof] . o;df ;8s ljefu, sf7df8f}F pkTosf vfg]kfgL lnld6]8,
tyf g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0faLr ;dGjo u/L clanDa lgdf{0f sfo{ ;~rfng ug''{kg]{df u/]sf] b]lvPg .
28.2. dWodf~rn If]qLo ;8s lgb]{zgfnon] ljleGg ^ ;8ssf] @$=$ ls=ld= dd{t sfo{ @)&@.@.!% leq
;DkGg ug{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=* s/f]8 %^ nfv &) xhf/sf] vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df ^
ls=ld=sf] Pp6f ;8ssf] dd{t ;DkGg u/]sf] / csf]{ Pp6f & ls=ld= ;8ssf] dd{t sfo{ rfn' /x]sf]
5 eg] cGo ;8sx? sf7df8f}F pkTosf ;8s lj:tf/ cfof]hgf, ;8s ;'wf/ cfof]hgf tyf ;fs{
;Dd]ngsf] a]nf lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf] b]vfO{ @)&%.#.@$ sf] lg0f{oaf6 ;'lj:tfsf] cfwf/df vl/b
;Demf}tfsf] cGTo u/]sf] kfOof] . sf7df8f}F pkTosf leqsf ;8ssf] cj:yf, lgdf{0f:ynsf] pknAwtf
tyf cGo lgsfo;Fu ;dGjo gu/L vl/b ;Demf}tf u/L dd{t sfo{sf] vr{ u/]sf] ?=@ s/f]8 @( nfv
$% xhf/dWo] ?=! s/f]8 $# nfv ( xhf/ vr{ pknlAwljxLg ePsf] 5 .
28.3. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, eQmk'/n]] vl/b sf/afxL z'? ug'{ cl3 lgdf{0f:ynsf] Joj:yf gu/]sf] tyf
lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] ;d]t lgdf{0f:ynsf] cj:yf olsg gu/]sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ vl/b ;Demf}tf ePkl5
lgdf{0f:yndf ljjfb ePsf ?=#) s/f]8 &@ nfv %* xhf/sf % vl/b ;Demf}tfdf ?=@) s/f]8 @)
nfv &@ xhf/ e'QmfgL eO;s]sf] eP tfklg lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg x'g g;sL k6s k6s ;Demf}tfsf]
Dofb yk u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
28.4. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, bf]nvfn] afx|aL;]–w':s'g ;8sdf kg]{ ;'gsf]zL vf]nfdf k'n lgdf{0f ug{ ?=#
s/f]8 &# nfv *# xhf/df @)&#.#.#@ df ;DkGg ug]{u/L @)&!.#.@( df ;Demf}tf ePs]fdf k'n
lgdf{0f :yn ;DaGwdf ljjfb eO{ @ jif{ lgdf{0f sfo{ l9nf ePsf] 5 . tf]lsPsf] ;dodf sfd z'? x'g
g;s]sf] sf/0f hgfO{ @)&%.#.# ;Dd yk Jooef/ gkg]{ u/L Dofb yk ePs]fdf pQm Dofbleq ?=!
s/f]8 ^# nfv $% xhf/ -$#=&@ k|ltzt_ sf] dfq sfd ;DkGg u/]sf] b]lvof] .
28.5. ;]tL nf]sdfu{ cfof]hgf, c5fdn] af]lgofb]lv 7"nLuf8;Ddsf] $) ls=ld= ;8s lgdf{0f ug{ Ps lgdf{0f
Joj;foL;Fu ?=## s/f]8 (( nfv !@ xhf/sf] vl/b ;Demf}tf u/L df]lanfOh];g k]:sL ?=# s/f]8
lbPsf]df jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg :jLs[lt gePsf]n] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] z'? u/]sf] b]lvPg .
28.6. eQmk'/–gu/sf]6 ;8s v08sf] lgdf{0fsf nflu ?=#! s/f]8 %@ nfv (@ xhf/df vl/b ;Demf}tf
ePsf]df ;8sdf kg]{ lah'nLsf kf]nx? / ?v x6fO{ ;fO8 lSno/ u/fpg] ;d]tsf] sfo{ ug]{ u/L
sfo{;Demf}tf /sd ?=#$ s/f]8 !% nfv ^( xhf/ sfod u/]sf] 5 . vl/b ;Demf}tf ug'{ cufj} lgdf{0f
:ynsf] Joj:yf gu/L vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf] b]lvof] .
28.7. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no sf7df8f}+, @ n] yk Dofb ;dfKt eO{ lgdf{0f sfo{ cw'/f] /x]sf !! 7]Ssf
;Demf}tf cGtu{t ?=&! s/f]8 %( nfv (@ xhf/sf] sfd ;DkGg ug'{kg]{df ?=$% s/f]8 @@ nfv ^&
xhf/sf] dfq lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg eO{ cfof]hgf cw'/f] /x]sf] 5 . k6s k6s Dofb yk ubf{ klg
lgdf{0f:yfndf lah'nLsf] kf]n, Xo'dkfOk x6fpg g;s]sf] cflb sf/0f;d]taf6 cfof]hgf ;DkGg
gePsf] b]lvG5 .
29. ax'jifL{o 7]Ssf :jLs[lt – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod ^ df ;fj{hlgs lgsfon]
vl/bsf] nflu cfjZos ah]6 Joj:yf geO{ vl/b sf/afxL z'? ug'{ x'Fb}g eGg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .
l8lehg ;8s sfof{no bfª, ufO{3f6 lbSt]n ;8s of]hgf / dWokxf8L -k'iknfn_ nf]sdfu{ cfof]hgf
klZrd v08n] ?= ?=^ ca{ $@ s/f]8 %@ nfvsf !) vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df ax'jifL{o vl/b ;Demf}tf
ug]{ :jLs[lt lnPsf] b]lvPg .
30. lgdf{0f sfo{df bf]xf]/f] k/]sf] – sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog lgb]{zgfno / ;8s
ljefu aLr ePsf] ;xdltcg';f/ cfof]hgf lgb]{zgfnon] kfOk 6«]Gr vlgPsf] efudf ;a–a];åf/f
;8s ;tx ;Dd k'gM :yfkgf ug]{ / ;f] kZrft ;8s ljefun] j]; sf];{nufot ;8s sfnf]kq] ug]{
sfo{ cufl8 a9fpg] Joj:yf eP klg dWodf~rn If]qLo ;8s lgb]{zgfnon] ;a–a];;lxtsf] sfo{ ug{
$ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf ?=% s/f]8 (( nfv &% xhf/sf] ;Demf}tf u/L o; jif{;Dd ?=$* nfv @$ xhf/
e'QmfgL u/]sf] kfOof] . b'O{ lgsfoaf6 x'g] sfddf bf]xf]/f]kgf gx'g] u/L sfd ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
31. lgdf{0f qmddf Iflt – sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog lgb]{zgfno / ;8s ljefu
aLr ePsf] ;xdlt tyf ;Demf}tfkqsf] bkmf & df cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog lgb]{zgfnoaf6 kfOk
laR5\ofPsf] ;8sdf ;8s ljefun] 9n lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ ubf{ kfO{kdf Iflt k'Ug uPdf ;f] IfltnfO{ k'gM
lgdf{0f ug{ nfUg] /sd ;8s ljefun] cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog lgb]{zgfnonfO{ pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf
/x]sf] 5 . lgdf{0f sfo{ ubf{ kof{Kt ;fjwfgL ckgfpg g;Sbf % ;8s v08df l8lehg ;8s
sfof{no, sf7df8f}F ! af6 ?=! s/f]8 %^ nfv *( xhf/ a/fa/sf] kfOk Iflt ePsf]n] yk cg'Tkfbs
bfloTj l;h{gf x'g uPsf] 5 . o;df ;DalGwt kbflwsf/LnfO{ ;d]t lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
32. k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@!-!_ df lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf]
sf/0fn] tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf sfo{ ;DkGg x'g g;s]df ;fj{hlgs lgsfonfO{ k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ lbg'kg]{
Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ $$ sfof{non] lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] sf/0fn] sfo{ ;DkGg gePsf]df ?= $) s/f]8
(% nfv #* xhf/ k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ c;'n u/]sf 5}gg\ . ;f];DaGwL Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
32.1. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, nxfgn] lub]/L k'n lgdf{0f ug{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=!% s/f]8 !# nfv
*# xhf/df @)&$ c;f/ d;fGt;Dd ;DkGg ug]{ u/L @)&!÷#÷#! df ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df of] jif{ ;Dd
?= # s/f]8 #& nfv !! xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb @)&%.#.@% df @)&%
cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd yk ePsf] 5 . lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] lgdf{0f sfo{df l9nfO{ u/]sf] b]vfO{ k]:sL
hdfgtsf] /sd ?=! s/f]8 $) nfv hkmt u/L )&%.!).@) /fh:j bflvnf u/]sf] eP tfklg k"j{
lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ c;'n u/]sf] 5}g .
32.2. ag]kf–l;Gw'nL–alb{jf; ;8ssf] cfjlws dd{t sfo{ @)&$.#.@% leq ;DkGg ug]{ u/L ?=( s/f]8 %^
nfv *! xhf/df Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf]df @)&$ d+;L/ d;fGt;Dd Dofb yk
ePklg lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] ;f] Dofbleq ?=& s/f]8 !^ nfv !% xhf/sf] dfq sfo{ u/L s]xL cfO6dsf]
sfo{ z'? u/]sf] 5}g . ;Demf}tf adf]lhd sfo{ z'rf? ug{ @)&%.@.@% df klqsfdf ;"rgf k|sfzg ubf{
;d]t sfo{ ;DkGg gu/]sf]n] ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf %( -*_ adf]lhd hdfgt hkmt u/L
afFsL sfo{ ug{ nfUg] /sd ;d]t olsg u/L k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ ?=(% nfv ^* xhf/;d]t yk u/L
c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
32.3. dWokxf8L nf]sdfu{ cfof]hgf -klZrd v08_ bfªn] vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf ^# vl/b ;Demf}tfdWo] !^
vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] cjlw ;dfKt ePklg lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] kfOPg . tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf ;DkGg
gePsfn] ?=!@ s/f]8 *! nfv #! xhf/ k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ c;'n u/L sfd u/fpg] jf vl/b
;Demf}tfsf] cGTo u/L hdfgt hkmt tyf afFsL lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ nfUg] /sd ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'n
ug]a{ f/] k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
32.4. ;"o{ljgfos–w'lnv]n–alb{jf; ;8s cfof]hgf, ;'g;/L df]/ª k'n cfof]hgf, n'lDagL kl/qmdf ;8s,
l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, nlntk'/ sf:sL Pj+ wgs'6fn] & lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf]df
lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq sfd ;DkGg gu/]sf] Pj+ vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb yk;d]t
gePsf]n] k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ ?=# s/f]8 #% nfv lanaf6 s§f u/L w/f}6L vftfdf /fv]sf] 5 . pQm
/sd ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf x'g'kb{5 .
32.5. x'nfsL /fhdfu{ of]hgf sfof{no, wgu9Ln] lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu u/]sf] # ;Demf}tfsf] zt{sf] lgdf{0fsf
r/0f -dfOn :6f]g_ pNn]v u/] cg';f/ lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg x'g g;s]sf]df ;Demf}tfadf]lhd klxnf]
dfO{n :6f]g k"'/f ug{ l9nfO{ u/]sf]n] ;Demf}tf /sdsf] )=)! k|ltztsf b/n] ?=@ s/f]8 !@ nfv &*
xhf/ k"a{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ c;'n gu/]sf]n] c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
32.6. w/fg–rt/f–ufO{3f6–s6f/L–l;Gw'nL–x]6f}F8f ;8s of]hgf k"jL{ v08cGtu{t sdnf gbLdf k'n lgdf{0f
ug{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ePsf] vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] ylkPsf] Dofb @)&$.$.!% df ;DkGg gu/]sf]df
k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ c;'n ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] tyf ;f] cjlwdf lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg gu/]sf]n] ?= #
s/f]8 ! nfv ^& xhf/ k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ c;'n gu/]sf] / lghn] /fv]sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt
afktsf] ?=% s/f]8 #* nfv @( xhf/ ;d]t c;'n u/]sf] kfOPg .

32.7. ;8s ljefu / Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLlar l8hfOg P08 laN8 k|lqmofaf6 @ k'n lgdf{0f sfo{sf] 7]Ssf
;Demf}tf cg';f/ # jif{sf] Dofb ;dfKt x'Fbf;Dd l8hfOg tof/ ug]{ afx]s k'n lgdf{0fsf] sfd z'? g}
gu/]sf]n] k"jl{ gwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ ?=! s/f]8 @& nfv @& xhf/ c;'n u/L sfnf] ;"rLdf /fVg]tkm{
sf/afxL u/L k]:sL ?=%) nfv;d]t lkmtf{ ug'{kb{5 .
32.8. ufO{3f6–lbSt]n ;8s of]hgfcGtu{t lqo'uf gbLdf k'n lgdf{0f sfo{ @)&).#.@@ leq ?=!! s/f]8 @^
nfv !@ xhf/df ;DkGg ug]{ u/L Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ;Demf}tf ePsf]df k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{
gnfUg] u/L @)&$.!.!% ;Dd tyf k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ nfUg] u/L @)&$.!!.!% ;Dd Dofb yk eP
klg o; jif{;Dd ?=^ s/f]8 (@ nfv !@ xhf/ -^(=$% k|ltzt_ sf] dfq lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf]
5 . lgh;Fu ?=! s/f]8 !@ nfv ^! xhf/ k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ c;'n ug'{kg]{df ?=@) nfvdfq c;'n
u/]sf]n] gk'u ?=(@ nfv ^! xhf/ / k]:sL hdfgt ?=$( nfv;d]t c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
32.9. dWokxf8L nf]sdfu{ cfof]hgf -k"jL{ v08_ cGtu{t % 7]Ssfsf] yk lbPsf] Dofb;d]t e'Qmfg e} Dofb
yk gu/]sf] / sfo{ ;DkGg ;d]t gePsf]n] k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ ?=^ s/f]8 $@ nfv %^ xhf/ c;'n
u/L afFsL sfd k"/f ug'{kb{5 .
32.10. P3f/ lsnf] 5]k]6f/–af/kfs ;8s cfof]hgf, uf]/vfn] ;Demf}tfsf] zt{adf]lhd sfo{;DkGg gug]{ lgdf{0f
Joj;foLsf] sltko sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgtsf] Dofb ;dfKt ePsf]n] lgdf{0f sfo{ cw'/f] 5f]8]sf tyf
Dofb ;dfKt e};s]sf lgdf{0f Joj;foLaf6 ?=# s/f]8 @( nfv &# xhf/ k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ c;'n
ug'{kb{5 .
32.11. x'nfsL /fhdfu{ of]hgf sfof{no, afFs]n] /fKtL Pk|f]r ;8sdf kg]{ a3f}8f vf]nf k'n lgdf{0f sfo{sf]
nflu Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=$ s/f]8 !@ nfv () xhf/sf] 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ePsf]df @)&%.@.#)
;Dd yk cfly{s Jooef/ gkg]{ u/L Dofb yk ePsf]df tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq sfo{ ;DkGg gu/]sf]df k"j{
lgwfl/t Ifltk"lt{ c;'n u/]sf] 5}g . k6s k6s u/L !@$ k|ltzt cjlw Dofb yk ubf{ ;d]t %)
k|ltzt dfq k|ult ePsf], 7]Ssfsf] Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] / sfo{;DkGg ;d]t gePsf]n] ;Demf}tf ?=#
s/f]8 ^% nfv $) xhf/df !) k|ltztn] x'g] ?=#^ nfv %$ xhf/ k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ c;'n u/]sf]
kfOPg .
33. e]l/P;g – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf %$ / lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !!* df e]l/P;g
cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ @$ sfof{non] ?= &@ s/f]8 (* nfv $! xhf/sf]
e]l/P;g cfb]z hf/L u/]sf] kfOof] . e]l/P;g cfb]zsf ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf d'Vo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/
5g\M
33.1. ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf %$-#_ df nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/LeGbf tNnf] txsf]
clwsf/Ln] e]l/P;g cfb]z hf/L ug{ gkfOg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, eQmk'/n] #
vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] nfut cg'dfg dxflgb]{zsn] :jLs[t u/]sf]df If]qLo lgb]{zsn] e]l/P;g cfb]z
:jLs[t u/L ;Demf}tf /sd ?=!( s/f]8 % nfv #@ xhf/ sfod u/]sf] 5 .
33.2. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, a}t8Ln] Ps :yfgdf lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{] u/L ;Demf}tf ePsf]df lgdf{0f
Joj;foLn] cGo :yfgdf ^ cfO6dsf] sfd u/]sf] b]vfO{ ?=$ s/f]8 ^ nfv !% xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf]df
e]l/P;g cfb]z hf/L ePsf] 5}g . tf]lsPsf] sfd gu/L e'QmfgL ug]{nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
33.3. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, eQmk'/, dWokxf8L nf]sdfu{ cfof]hgf -klZrd v08_ bfª, w/fg rt/f
ufO{3f6 x]6f}F8f ;8s -k"jL{ v08_, ufO{3f6–lbSt]n ;8s of]hgf tyf x'nfsL /fhdfu{ cfof]hgf
lgb]{zgfno, l8lehg ;8s sfof{no sf:sLn] %% vl/b ;Demf}tfdf ljleGg cfO6ddf ;Demf}tfeGbf
a9L kl/df0fsf] sfd ePsf]df e]l/P;g cfb]z hf/L gu/L ;Demf}tfeGbf ?=$# s/f]8 @) nfv (!
xhf/ yk e'QmfgL u/]sf]n] e'QmfgL ug]{nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .

33.4. sf7df8f}F pkTosf lj:tf/ cfof]hgfn] e]l/P;g :jLs[t u/]sf] sfo{ kl/df0f / nfuteGbf @ lgdf{0f
7]Ssfdf lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ yk e]l/P;g :jLs[t gu/L ?=*) nfv &% xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 .
sfg'gdf tf]lsPsf] Joj:yf kfngf gu/L e'QmfgL ug{ ldNg] b]lvPg .
34. d"No clej[l4 s/ – d"No clej[l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] bkmf & adf]lhd c;'n u/]sf] s/ ljj/0f csf]{
dlxgfsf] @% ut]leq ;DalGwt cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{nodf k]; ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . To:t} d"No
clej[l4 s/ lgodfjnL, @)%# sf] lgod !&-!_ df d"No clej[l4 s/df btf{ ePsf] JolQm jf ;+:yfn]]
j:t' jf ;]jf cfk"lt{ ubf{ tf]lsPsf] 9f_rfdf s/ aLhs lbg'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . ;f];DaGwL Joxf]/f
lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
34.1. ljefu dftxtsf @$ sfof{non] /Ltk"j{sf] s/ aLhs k]; gu/]sf $) lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ ?=% s/f]8
!^ nfv ! xhf/ d"No clej[l4 s/ e'QmfgL lbPsf] b]lvof] .
34.2. of] jif{ #$ sfof{no;Fu vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf @#) lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] d"No clej[l4 s/ e'QmfgL
lnPsf]df cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefusf] j]a;fO6df tL lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{nodf
dfl;s s/ ljj/0f ga'emfO{ ggkmfOn/ b]vfPsf] x'Fbf sfof{noaf6 e'QmfgL lbPsf] d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=
@$ s/f]8 $) nfv &$ xhf/ / ;dodf ljj/0f ga'emfP afkt pQm P]gsf] bkmf @( adf]lhd nfUg]
hl/jfgf ;d]t c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
34.3. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, s~rgk'/cGtu{tsf @ lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] d"No clej[l4 s/df btf{ geP klg
s/ aLhs hf/L u/L ?=!# nfv *( xhf/ d"No clej[l4 s/;d]t ?=! s/f]8 @) nfv &! xhf/
e'QmfgL u/]sf]n] lghx?af6 hl/jfgf;d]t c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
34.4. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, sf:sLn] ;+o'Qm pkqmdsf] ?kaf6 d"No clej[l4 s/df btf{ gePsf ljleGg
7]Ssfsf lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ e'QmfgL lbPsf] d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=! s/f]8 %% nfv *) xhf/ c;'n
ug'{kb{5 .
35. vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] cGTo – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf %( / ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL,
@)^$ sf] lgod !@& df vl/b ;Demf}tf cGTo ;DaGwL Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^#
sf] bkmf %(-*_ df vl/b ;Demf}tf cGTo ePdf ;f] sfd afkt /flvPsf] k"/} hdfgt hkmt x'g],
;Demf}tf cGTo ePsf] sf/0fn] ;Demf}tfadf]lhd afFsL /x]sf] sfo{ k"/f ug{ h] hlt /sd cfjZos k5{
;f] /sd ;Demf}tfadf]lhd sfo{ gug]{ af]nkqbftfaf6 ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'npk/ ul/g] Joj:yf
/x]sf] 5 . ;f];DaGwL Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
35.1. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, eQmk'/cGtu{tsf * lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] ;dodf sfo{ ;DkGg gu/]sf]n] lgdf{0f
Joj;foL;Fusf] vl/b ;Demf}tf cGTo u/L lghn] /fv]sf] hdfgt /sd ?=! s/f]8 *( nfv ^) xhf/
hkmt u/L afFsL sfo{ ug{ nfUg] /sd ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'n u/]sf] 5}g .
35.2. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, Ko'7fgcGtu{t df8Lvf]nfdf k'n lgdf{0f ug{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu @)^*
kf}if d;fGt;Dd sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{u/L ?=# s/f]8 $! nfv %# xhf/sf] vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf]df yk
ePsf] Dofbleq #% k|ltzteGbf a9L sfo{ k|ult gu/]sf] sf/0f @)&$.$.!@ df 7]Ssf cGTo u/]sf] 5 .
;f]xL sfo{ @)&^.(.#) ;Dddf ;DkGg ug]{u/L Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=# s/f]8 #% nfv (&
xhf/sf] vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . ;fljssf] lgdf{0f Joj;foLaf6 ;Demf}tfsf] zt{cg';f/ lgdf{0f ug{
nfUg] /sdsf] @% k|ltztn] x'g] ?=%% nfv &( xhf/ c;'n ug'{kg]{df ?=* nfv !( xhf/ dfq c;'n
u/]sfn] gk'u ?=$& nfv ^) xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
35.3. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, bfªn] t'n;Lk'/ k'/gwf/f ;8s sfnf]kq] ug]{ sfo{ @)&!.!!.@) ;Dd ?=&
s/f]8 #( nfv #^ xhf/df ;DkGg ug]{ u/L Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu @)&).*.@* df ;Demf}tf
u/]sf]df lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] ?=# s/f]8 $# nfv $( xhf/sf] dfq sfd u/]sf] / afFsL lgdf{0f sfo{
gu/]sf]n] @)&#.(.@* sf] lg0f{on] lgdf{0f ug{ afFsL sfo{ ?=# s/f]8 (% nfv *& xhf/sf] @%
k|ltztn] x'g] ?=! s/f]8 !# nfv ^) xhf/;d]t ?=! s/f]8 (@ nfv ^ xhf/dWo] w/f}6Laf6 ?=!%
nfv @@ xhf/ s6fO{ afFsL ?=! s/f]8 &^ nfv *$ xhf/ ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'n ug]{ lg0f{o
ePsf]df w/f}6L /sd /fh:j bflvnf gu/]sf] tyf afFsL /sd c;'n u/]sf] b]lvPg . pQm /sd c;'n
x'g'kb{5 .
36. aLdf – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod (-@_ df aLdfsf] 5'§} cfO6d agfO{ nfut
cg'dfg ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ / lgod !!@ tyf vl/b ;Demf}tfdf sfof{b]z ldltb]lv q'l6 ;Rofpg]
cjlw;Ddsf] nflu lgdf{0f sfo{, cf}hf/ pks/0f / lgdf{0f sfo{df ;+nUg hgzlQmsf] aLdf ug'{kg]{
pNn]v 5 . ljefu dftxtsf sfof{nox?n] aLdf /sd sfo{ kl/df0f ;"rLsf] nd;ddf /fvL lgdf{0f
Joj;foLn] saf]n u/]sf] /sd e'QmfgL lbg] u/]sf] kfOof] . of] jif{ % sfof{non] #$ lgdf{0f
Joj;foLnfO{ aLdf sDkgLnfO{ e'QmfgL u/]sf] lk|ldod /sdeGbf ?=# s/f]8 @@ nfv (% xhf/ a9L
/sd e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . o;/L 7]Ssfsf] aL=cf]=So"=df k|m06 nf]l8Ë ePsf] sf/0f aLdfsf] nflu oyfy{
nfuteGbf a9L vr{ x'g uPsf] 5 .
x'nfsL /fhdfu{ of]hgf sfof{no, k;f{n] lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ePsf] vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] ljz]if
zt{df k|yd jif{sf] aLdf kf]lnl; k]; ePkl5 saf]n /sdsf] #% k|ltzt, k'gM cjlw yk u/]sf] kf]lnl;
/ lk|ldod lt/]sf] k|df0f k]; eP kl5 yk #% / q'l6 ;Rofpg] cjlw ePsf] kf]ln;L / lk|ldod lt/]sf]
k|df0fsf] cfwf/df afFsL #) k|ltzt /sd e'QmfgL lbg] jf lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? cjlwb]lv q'l6 ;Rofpg]
cjlw ;Dds} aLdf u/]sf] kf]ln;L k]; u/]df ;Demf}tfadf]lhd k"/} /sd Psd'i6 lbg ;lsg] pNn]v
5 . sfof{non] @ lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ 36L cjlwsf] aLdf u/fPsf] cj:yfdf ;d]t o; jif{ aLdf
afktsf] k"/} saf]n cÍ ?=! s/f]8 ^) nfv e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . lgodljk/Lt /sd e'QmfgL ePsf] /sd
c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
37. k|f]lehgn ;d – ;8s ljefusf] @)&#.#.% sf] kl/kqdf k|f]lehgn ;dsf] /sd vr{ ug'{ cl3
clgjfo{ ?kdf nfut :jLs[t u/]/dfq vr{ ug]{ / vr{sf] lan e/kfO{ k]; ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 .
;f];DaGwL Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
37.1. w/fg–rt/f–ufO{3f6–s6f/L–l;Gw'nL–x]6f}F8f ;8s of]hgf k"jL{ v08n] ?=! s/f]8 $( nfv $$ xhf/
k|f]lehgn ;dafkt lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ e'QmfgL lbPsf]df nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t gu/]sf] Pj+ vr{sf]
lan e/kfO{ sfof{nodf k]; u/]sf] 5}g .
37.2. x'nfsL /fhdfu{ of]hgf sfof{no, hgsk'/cGt{utsf 7]Ssf Kofs]hx?df /x]sf] k|f]lehgn ;dsf]
/sdjf6 ?=@^ nfv !( xhf/ vr{ n]v]sf]df nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t gu/]sf], sfof{b]z glbPsf] tyf
gfkL lstfa ;dfj]z gu/L e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 .
38. d"No ;dfof]hg – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf %%-!_ df !% dlxgfeGbf a9L cjlwsf] vl/b
;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ubf{ d"No ;dfof]hg ug{ ;lsg], bkmf %%-@_ df vl/b ;Demf}tf ug]{sf] l9nfOsf]
sf/0f sfd ;DkGg gePdf / lglZrt ah]6sf] cfwf/df vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf]df d"No ;dfof]hg ug{
g;lsg] Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ $* sfof{non] ljleGg lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ ?=%( s/f]8 %$ nfv @)
xhf/ d"No ;dfof]hg e'QmfgL u/]sf] b]lvof] . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
38.1. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, eQmk'/n] Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] ;Demf}tfadf]lhd sfo{ gu/]sf]n] b'O{ k6s
Ps /fli6«o b}lgs klqsfdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/]sf] tyf lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] yk ePsf] Dofbleq sfo{
;DkGg ug]{ k|lta4tf hgfP klg ;f] Dofbleq klg lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg gu/]sf] cj:yfdf ?=$$ nfv
#! xhf/ d"No ;dfof]hg e'QmfgL lbPsf] lgod;Ddt b]lvPg .
38.2. x'nfsL /fhdfu{ of]hgf sfof{no, hgsk'/n] ;Demf}tfsf] ljz]if zt{cGtu{t d"No ;dfof]hg;DaGwL
;"qdf !% k|ltztnfO{ ckl/jt{gLo dfgL *% k|ltztnfO{ tf]lsPsf] ef/af6 u0fgf ul/g] Joj:yf eP
tfklg b'O{ lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ;f] ef/nfO{ (% k|ltzt sfod u/L ;Demf}tf u/]cg';f/ of] jif{;Dd
?=@ s/f]8 @# nfv (% xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] kfOof] . vl/b ;Demf}tfdf a9L k|ltzt ef/ sfod u/L
;Demf}tf ug]{nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ a9L e'QmfgL ePsf] /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .

38.3. x'nfsL /fhdfu{ of]hgf sfof{no hgsk'/n] Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ePsf] vl/b ;Demf}tfdf d"No
;dfof]hg u0fgf ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu >d, ;fdu|L, d]l;g/L k|of]udf ;Demf}tfeGbf km/s ef/ lbO{
u0fgf u/]sf]n] a9L e'QmfgL ePsf] ?=@) nfv @^ xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
38.4. dWokxf8L nf]sdfu{ cfof]hgf -k"jL{ v08_ / lgdf{0f Joj;foLaLr ePsf] vl/b ;Demf}tfdf Dofb yk
ePdf z'?sf] Dofbsf] clGtd dlxgfsf] d"No;"rL jf xfnsf] d"No;"rLdWo] h'g sd x'G5 ;f] d"No
;"rLnfO{ cfwf/ lng'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . cfof]hgfn] lgdf{0fsf r/0f -dfOn :6f]g_ cGtu{t #% k|ltzt
sfo{sf] d"No ;dfof]hg ubf{ dfOn:6f]g ! sf] clGtd cjlwsf] ;"rsfÍnfO{ cfwf/ glnPsf] sf/0f !#
7]Ssfdf of] jif{;Dd ?=@ s/f]8 %% nfv (( xhf/ d"No ;dfof]hg e'QmfgL u/]sf]n] c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
38.5. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, sf:sLn] ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLaf6 ;Demf}tfcg';f/ ?= &)
nfv $@ xhf/ k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ s§L u/]tfklg ?=&^ nfv &! xhf/ d"No ;dfof]hg e'QmfgL u/]sf]
5 . lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] Dofbdf sfd gu/]sf] tyf vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb yk gePsf]df d"No
;dfof]hg e'QmfgL lbPsf] lgod;Ddt b]lvPg .
38.6. Jofkfl/s dfu{ lj:tf/ cfof]hgf ?kGb]xLn] 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ubf{ dfOn:6f]g ! / @ sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .
;a} ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb yk ubf{ cfly{s bfloTj ga9\g] u/L z'? ;Demf}tfsf] sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ clGtd
dlxgfdf sfod g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf] d"No ;"rsfÍnfO{ cfwf/ lng] lg0f{o u/]sf] b]lvG5 . d"No ;dfof]hg
e'QmfgL ubf{ z'? ;Demf}tfdf dfOn:6f]g @ sf] sfo{;DkGg ug]{ clGtd ldltsf] ;"rsfÍnfO{ cfwf/ lnO{
d"No ;dfof]hg e'QmfgL ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . @)&!.&@ sf 7]Ssf ;Demf}tfdf dfOn:6f]gsf] Joj:yf ubf{ s'n
sfo{dWo] #% k|ltzt sfo{ !@ dlxgf / !)) k|ltzt sfo{ #) dlxgf leq ;DkGg ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf
u/]sf] 5 . cfof]hgfn] cl3Nnf] #% k|ltzt sfo{sf] d"No ;dfof]hg ubf{ dfOn:6f]g ! sf] clGtd sfd
;DkGg ug'{kg]{ dlxgfsf] d"No;"rLeGbf a9L x'g] u/L $ ;Demf}tfdf ?=! s/f]8 %! xhf/ a9L d"No
;dfof]hg e'QmfgL u/]sf]n] pQm /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
38.7. n'lDagL kl/qmdf ;8s of]hgf ?kGb]xLn] 7]Ssf ;Demf}tfdf d"No ;dfof]hg ubf{ df]lanfOh];g k]:sL
36fP/ x'g] lan /sddf ;dfof]hg ul/g] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . of] jif{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ ljut
jif{df lbPsf] df]lanfOh];g k]:sL ?=@ s/f]8 *$ nfv !@ xhf/ of] jif{ a}Í hdfgt hkmt u/L k]:sL
km5\of}{6 u/]sf] 5 . pQm lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ kfFrf} / 5}6f}F lanaf6 d"No ;dfof]hgafkt ?=@ s/f]8
** nfv @( xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . km5\of}{6 u/]sf] df]lanfOh];g k]:sL /sdsf] d"No j[l4 ôfS6/
)=@$@ n] x'g] ?=&& nfv &) xhf/ a9L e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . ;f]xL sfof{non] Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{
?=^ s/f]8 ## nfv *$ xhf/ e'QmfgL x'g'kg]{df ?=& s/f]8 $^ nfv * xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf]n] a9L
e'QmfgL ePsf] ?=! s/f]8 !@ nfv @# xhf/;d]t ?=! s/f]8 *^ nfv (# xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
38.8. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, bf]nvfn] Ps 7]Ssfsf] Dofb ;dfKt eO{ yk cfly{s bfloTj gkg{] u/L Dofb
yk :jLs[t ePsf]df z'? ;Demf}tfsf] clGtd dlxgfsf] d"No;"rLcg';f/ Dofbcg';f/sf] d"No ;dfof]hg
e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{df Dofb yk ePsf] cjlwsf] d"No;"rLcg';f/ e'QmfgL lbPsf] d"No ;dfof]hg ?=#) nfv
*^ xhf/ a9L tyf # vl/b ;Demf}tfdf df]lanfOh];g k]:sLdf ;d]t d"No ;dfof]hg ePsf] ?=!# nfv
(* xhf/;d]t ?=$$ nfv *$ xhf/ a9L e'QmfgL ePsf]n] pQm /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
39. bf]xf]/f] ;Demf}tf – w/fg–rt/f–ufO{3f6–s6f/L–l;Gw'nL–x]6f}F8f ;8s of]hgf k"jL{ v08n] vl/b ;Demf}tf
u/]sf ;8s / k'nsf] lan ckm SjflG66Lsf] k/LIf0f ubf{ lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ !#$=*!) ls=ld= ;8sleq
?=# ca{ *% s/f]8 () nfvdf @ xhf/ &@% ld6/ k'n, k'ndf ?=@ s/f]8 # nfv $) xhf/sf] %=%
ls=ld= Pk|f]r ;8s, ;8sdf ?=@ s/f]8 &! nfv @) xhf/sf] $ xhf/ /lgª ld6/ ;8s ;'/Iff
lgdf{0f Pj+ k'ndf ?=# s/f]8 #) nfv $! xhf/sf] # xhf/ $$) /lgª ld6/ ;8s ;'/Iff lgdf{0f ug]{
cfO6d ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 eg] ;8sdf kvf{n nufpg] cfO6d /x]sf] tyf k'ndf ;d]t ?=@( s/f]8 (#
nfv #* xhf/df ( xhf/ @#) /lgª ld6/ gbL lgoGq0f sfo{ ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 . o;af6 lgdf{0f
sfo{x? Ps cfk;df bf]xf]/f] kg{] u/L vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf] b]lvPsfn] lgdf{0f sfo{ ubf{ pQm sfd
bf]xf]/f] gkg]{ u/L lgdf{0f Pj+ e'QmfgL ug]{ Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .

39.1. ;8s ljefusf] @)&$.!.% sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, afUn'ªaf6 dfn9'Ëf–a]gL ;8s /
s':df–afUn'Ë ;8s dWokxf8L nf]sdfu{ cfof]hgf -klZrd v08_ nfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf]df x:tfGt/0f
kZrft l8lehg ;8s sfof{non] ljleGg sfo{ u/fO{ ?=! s/f]8 %^ nfv !( xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 .
cfof]hgfn] ;f]xL ;8s lj:tf/ ubf{ pQm sfo{ gi6 eO{ cgfjZos Jooef/ kg{ uPsf] b]lvG5 .
40. cGoq sfo{ – ;fj{hlgs lgsfo / lgdf{0f Joj;foLaLr ;Demf}tf ePs} :yfg / r]g]hdf sfd ug'{kg]{df
km/s u/L sfd u/fPsf s]xL Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
40.1. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, nlntk'/n] PsfGts'gf–elgd08n ;8s lj:tf/ sfo{ ?=@ s/f]8 ^( nfv ^(
xhf/df ;DkGg ug]{ u/L ;Demf}tf ePsf]df ljleGg ;8s afns'df/L–lkG5] v08df sfo{ u/fO{ of] jif{
?=^# nfv !^ xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 .
40.2. sfnL u08sL sl/8f]/ cGtu{t u}F8fsf]6–lkkn8fF8f v08sf] ( ls=ld=;8s rf}8f Pj+ :t/f]Gglt sfo{
@)&%.#.!% df ;DkGg ug]{ u/L Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=^ s/f]8 ^* nfv @$ xhf/sf] vl/b
;Demf}tf ePsf]df ?=^ s/f]8 ^% nfv ( xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . z'? ;DEfmf}tfdf $) xhf/ &)& 3g
ld6/ r§fg sl6ªsf] kl/df0f /fv]sf]df e]l/P;gaf6 yk u/L $% xhf/ (%) 3gld6/ k'¥ofO{ ?=!
s/f]8 ^) nfv (^ xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . :ynut cjnf]sgsf] qmddf ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ePeGbf
aflx/sf] r]g]hdf !$ xhf/ !$^ 3g ld6/ sfo{ u/fPsf] kfOof] . ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt r]g]hleqsf]
@@) ld6/ s8f r§fgo'Qm ;fF3'/f] :yfgdf sl6ª sfo{ gu/L aflx/sf] ;lhnf] :yfgsf] r]g]hdf sfd
u/fO{ e'QmfgL lbg]nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
41. Ph laN6 gS;f – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@% tyf vl/b ;Demf}tfdf lgdf{0f
sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] tL; lbgleq lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] lgdf{0f ePadf]lhdsf] Ph laN6 gS;f k]; ug'{kg]{
/ pQm gS;f k]; gu/]df lglZrt /sdsf] e'QmfgL /f]Ssf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ljefu dftxtsf !$
sfof{non] Ph laN6 gS;f k]; gu/]sf] cj:yfdf e'QmfgL /f]Ssf ug'{kg]{ ?=@ s/f]8 !# nfv /f]Ssf
gu/L ;a} /sd e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . Ph laN6 gS;f k]; gug]{af6 pQm /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
42. 7]Ssf cf]e/Nofk – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# adf]lhd 7]Ssf Joj:yfkg ubf{ lgdf{0f:ynsf] olsg
ug'{kg]{ tyf ;Demf}tfdf sfo{:ynsf] r]g]h v'nfpg'kb{5 . r]g]h;DaGwL Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
42.1. ufO{3f6 lbSt]n ;8s of]hgfn] ?=^# s/f]8 *# nfv (! xhf/sf ^ j6f vl/b ;Demf}tf ubf{ Pp6}
r]g]hdf PseGbf a9L x'g] u/L vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf] b]lvPsfn] tL vl/b ;Demf}tfaLrsf] sfo{ Ps
csf{df vlK6Psfn] Pp6} r]g]hsf] Ps} k|s[ltsf] sfo{ b'O{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L ;Demf}tfaf6 e'QmfgL gx'g]
u/L Joj:yfkg ug'{kb{5 .
42.2. sflGt nf]sky of]hgfcGtu{tsf] dsjfgk'/ v08df kg]{ %! ls=ld= ;8s lgdf{0fsf nflu @)&!.&@ df
@ / @)&@.&# df % vl/b ;Demf}tf u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ rfn' /x]sf] 5 . Ps ;Demf}tfdf Aofs sl6ª,
l/6]lgË :6«Sr/, ;fO8 8«]g / qm; 8«]g]hsf] kl/df0fdf km/s k/]sf] Pj+ csf]{ ;Demf}tfdf lj:kmf]6s
kbfy{sf] cefjn] Aofs sl6ª sfo{ x'g g;s]sf] tyf csf]{ ;Demf}tfdf vfg]kfgLsf] kfOk e]l6Psf]n]
sfnf]kq] x'g g;s]sf] egL tL sfdsf nflu lgdf{0f :yn tyf sfo{df cf]e/Nofk x'g] u/L of] jif{ ?=!&
s/f]8 %# nfv %% xhf/ nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/L vl/b sf/afxL z'? u/]sf] 5 .
42.3. sflGt nf]sky of]hgfcGtu{t nlntk'/ v08sf] @* ls=ld= ;8s lgdf{0fsf nflu @)&!.&@ df Ps /
@)&@.&# df # u/L $ vl/b ;Demf}tf eO{ lgdf{0f sfo{ rfn' /x]sf]df ;f]xL v08sf ljleGg :yfgsf
Aofs sl6ª / :6«Sr/sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ of] jif{ ?=@& s/f]8 &@ nfv $) xhf/sf] nfut cg'dfg
:jLs[t u/fO{ r]g]h cf]e/Nofk x'g] u/L vl/b sf/afxL cufl8 a9fPsf] 5 .
42.4. pQ/ blIf0f nf]sdfu{ cfof]hgf, tfKn]h'ªn] # ls=ld= r]g]h cf]e/Nofk x'g] u/L ?=$^ s/f]8 (@ nfv
&^ xhf/df @ 7]Ssf nufPsf] tyf d"n3f6Yn'e'3f6 dfemL6f/Y;'efFYlnDa'gL ;8s cGtu{t @%
ls=ld= r]g]h cf]e/Nofk x'g] u/L ?=^ s/f]8 !! nfvdf # 7]Ssf nufPsf] Pj+ ;'s]6f/Ykflye/f ;8s
!!-@% ls=ld= r]g]h bf]xf]/f] kg]{ u/L ?=* s/f]8 ^% nfv %@ xhf/df @ j6f 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf u/]sf] /
bf]efgY;f_yfqmfYln_t]k ;8ssf] #=!&% ls=ld= r]g]h bf]xf]/f] x'g] u/L ?=!# s/f]8 ($ nfv $*
xhf/sf @ 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 .
tfn's lgsfo tyf of]hgf sfof{non] Pp6f sfo{df bf]xf]/f] x'g] u/L ;Demf}tf ug]{ sfo{df
uDeL/ ?kdf Wofg lbO{ cfof]hgf Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
43. w/f}6L lkmtf{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@$-@_ df lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] lanaf6
s§f u/]sf] l/6]G;g dgL cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{nodf s/ ljj/0f k]; u/]sf] k|df0f k]; u/]kl5 e'QmfgL
lbg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ !( sfof{non] w/f}6L afkt s§L u/]sf] ?=^ s/f]8 ^^ nfv #& xhf/ s/
ljj/0f k]; u/L d"No clej[l4 s/ ;dfof]hg u/]sf] k|df0f a]u/ lkmtf{ lbPsf 5g\ . plNnlvt k|df0f
k]; x'g'kb{5 .
44. b/ ljZn]if0fdf ljljwtf – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf % df nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{kg]{
Joj:yf 5 . nfut cg'dfg ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
44.1. uN5L lqz"nL ;8s cfof]hgf, g'jfsf]6n] ;8ssf] df6f] tyf r§fg sl6ª ug]{ sfo{sf] b/ ljZn]if0f ubf{
!) k|ltzt dflg;af6 / () k|ltzt x]eL pks/0f k|of]u ug]{ u/L ;a} k|sf/sf] df6f] / r§fgsf] k|lt
3gld6/ ?=@*@.@& b//]6 sfod u/]sf] 5 . ;f] b//]6df s8f r§fgsf] cg'kft @* k|ltzt /x]sf]n] ;f]
sf] d"No cf]e/x]8 ;d]t ?=@)%.(% x'g] b]lvG5 . cfof]hgfn] ;a} k|sf/sf] df6f] tyf r§fg sl6ª ug]{
sfo{sf] s'n kl/df0f % nfv ^(% 3gld6/ sfod u/L ?=@*@.@& sf b/n] ?=!$ s/f]8 !! nfv (&
xhf/ nfut :jLs[t u/]sf] 5 eg] lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu k|lt 3gld6/ ?=##).– df ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 .
pQm kl/df0fdWo] g/d r§fg #&($)=^* 3=ld=, af]N8/ ldS; df6f] #@!%^#=&! 3=ld= / s8f r§fg
!$!!($=$! 3=ld= /x]sf] 5 . l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, g'jfsf]6n] % k|ltzt Dofg'cn / (% k|ltzt
pks/0f k|of]u ug]{ u/L b/ ljZn]if0f u/L k|lt 3g ld6/ ?= !().)) sfod u/]sf] 5 . df6f] /
r§fgsf] k|s[ltcg';f/ b/ ljZn]if0f u/L jf:tljs sfo{sf] dfq gfkhfFr u/L e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{df Psd'i6
b//]6 /fvL nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/L e'QmfgL ubf{ cfof]hgfn] df6f]sf] sfo{df ?=@ s/f]8 *) nfv
&) xhf/ a9L e'QmfgL x'g] b]lvPsf] 5 .
44.2. pQ/–blIf0f nf]sdfu{ of]hgf sfof{no, tfKn]h'ªn] bf]efg cf]nfªr'ªuf]nf v08df %# ls=ld= sf] df6f] /
r§fg sf6\g] sfo{sf] b/ ljZn]if0f ubf{ d]l;gaf6 *) k|ltzt / dflg;af6 @) k|ltzt x'g] u/L
cg'kft /fvL k|lt 3gld6/ df6f]sf] ?=!&$.^@ / s8f r§fgsf] ?=&)%.)@ sfod u/]sf] kfOof] . of]hgf
sfof{non] ;f]xL ;8s v08sf] cGo Kofs]hdf o;} jif{ u/]sf] nfut cg'dfgdf df6f] / r§fgsf] k|lt
3gld6/ b/ qmdzM ?=!!&.@@ / ?=$!!.^( dfq /x]sf] 5 . o;/L km/s b/ k|of]u u/]sf] sf/0faf6 Ps
Kofs]hsf] nfut cg'dfgdf ?=& s/f]8 %* nfv $@ xhf/ yk x'g uPsf] 5 .
45. a}Í hdfgt – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !!#-$_ df df]lanfOh];g k]:sL lb+bf
k]:sL km5\of}{6 ug'{kg]{ cjlweGbf sDtLdf Ps dlxgfeGbf a9L cjlwsf] a}Í hdfgt lng'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
a}Í hdfgt;DaGwL Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
45.1. v'l6of–aL=kL= gu/–u8;]/f lbkfon ;8s of]hgfn] @ lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ lbPsf] ?=# s/f]8 !@ nfv
df]lanfOh];g k]:sLsf] a}Í hdfgtsf] Dofb ;dfKt eP klg yk u/]sf] b]lvPg .
45.2. vl/b ;Demf}tfdf *) k|ltzt cjlwdf k]:sL km5\of}{6 u/L ;Sg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . afnfh'–/fgLkf}jf ;8s
lgdf{0f sfo{ ug]{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] lnPsf] df]lanfOh];g k]:sLdWo] cd]l/sL 8n/ ! nfv (*
xhf/ &#^ sf]] Dofb !%.)^.@)!* df ;dfKt e} ;s]sf] tyf ;Demf}tf cjlw *) k|ltzteGbf a9L
;dfKt ePsf]df ;Demf}tfcg';f/ hdfgt /sd ?=@ s/f]8 % nfv $! xhf/ hkmt u/]sf] kfOPg .
45.3. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, bfª, dWokxf8L nf]sdfu{ cfof]hgf klZrd v08 bfª / ufO{3f6–lbSt]n ;8s
cfof]hgfn] & lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?= @ ca{ #$ s/f]8 # nfvsf] ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df e]l/P;g cfb]zaf6
?= #! s/f]8 @* nfv j[l4 u/L ;Demf}tf /sd ?= @ ca{ ^% s/f]8 #! nfv sfod ePsf]df ?= !
s/f]8 %^ nfv sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt yk u/]sf] b]lvPg .

46. df]lanfOh];g k]:sL – lgdf{0f Jofj;foL;Fu ePsf] vl/b ;Demf}tfdf klxnf] ls:tf k]:sL nu]kl5
Go"gtd !) k|ltzt ef}lts k|ult ePkl5 bf];|f] ls:tf k]:sL lbg'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . ljefun] :jLs[t
k]:sL /sdsf] cfwfdf ga9\g] u/L klxnf] ls:tf / afFsL sfo{ k|ultsf] cfwf/df lbg ;lsg] pNn]v u/L
kl/kq u/]sf] 5 . o; jif{ ljefu dftxtsf &$ sfof{non] ?=!@ ca{ () s/f]8 $$ nfv
df]lanfOh];g k]:sL lbPsf]df b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
46.1. /fgLkf}jf–lqz"nL ;8s v08df sfo{ ug]{ lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ePsf] vl/b ;Demf}tfdf lgdf{0f
Joj;foLn] lnPsf] df]lanfO{h]zg k]:sL ;Demf}tfsf] ;dofjlw *) k|ltzt k'/f x'Fbf k"/} s6[L ug'{kg]{
Joj:yf /x]sf]df k]:sL afFsL cd]l/sL 8n/ % nfv $& xhf/dWo] ! nfv #^ xhf/dfq a}Íaf6 lkmtf{
lnPsf]n] afFsL $ s/f]8 @$ nfv $) xhf/;d]t c;'n km5\of}{6 ug'{kb{5 .
46.2. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no kfNkf / sf7df8f}F ! n] @% vl/b ;Demf}tfsf lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ lbPsf]
k]:sL ?=& s/f]8 ($ nfv ^( xhf/sf] hdfgtsf] Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] jiff}{ latL;s]sf]n] pQm k]:sL
hf]lvddf k/]sf] 5 . o;/L k]:sL hf]lvddf kfg]{ ;DalGwt kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ pQm k]:sL
Aofh;d]t c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
46.3. uN5L–lqz"nL ;8s cfof]hgf, g'jfsf]6af6 ePsf ;Demf{}tfsf] zt{df k|f]lehgn ;d, 8] js{ / d"No
clej[l4 s/ afx]ssf] ;Demf}tf /sdsf] !) k|ltzt klxnf] ls:tf / !) k|ltzt sfo{ ePkl5 bf];|f]
ls:tf !) k|ltzt k]:sL lbg ;lsg] pNn]v 5 . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ @) k|ltzt k]:sLdWo] ut jif{ ?=#!
s/f]8 $$ nfv / rfn' jif{df #! s/f]8 $# nfv (^ xhf/ ;d]t ?= ^@ s/f]8 *& nfv (@ xhf/
k]:sL e'QmfgL lbP kl5 k'gM ?= &! nfv k]:sL e'QmfgL ePsf]n] lgod tyf ;Demf}tf zt{eGbf a9L
k]:sL e'QmfgL lbg] kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ jgfO{ Aofh;lxt c;'n ug{'kb{5 .
47. c;DalGwt vr{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ cg';f/ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfg tof/
ubf{ lgdf{0f sfo{;Fu ;DalGwt cfO6d dfq ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ / ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltn] @)^(.(.@ kl5
7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ubf{ lgdf{0f sfo{;Fu c;DalGwt vr{x? -h:t} ;jf/L;fwg, kmlg{r/_ 7]Ssfdf ;dfj]z
gug{ u/]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;8s ljefun] @)^(.!).% df kl/kq u/]sf] 5 . ;f] kl/kqsf] kfngf gePsf
k|d'v Joxf]/fx? lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
47.1. w/fg–rt/f–ufO{3f6–s6f/L–l;Gw'nL–x]6f}F8f ;8s of]hgf k"jL{ / klZrd v08n] ;8s lgdf{0f ug{ b'O{
lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu vl/b ;Demf}tf ubf{ hg/n cfO6dcGtu{t sfof{no :yfg pknAw, ;fO6
sfof{nosf nflu kmlg{r/, u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f Nofj, Nofj pks/0f tyf sfof{no ;xfos / ;'/Iff uf8{
Joj:yfsf nflu lan ckm SjflG66Ldf ;dfj]z u/L ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df o; jif{;Dddf ?=@ s/f]8 (
nfv (@ xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 .
47.2. dWokxf8L nf]sdfu{ cfof]hgf klZrd v08, bfªn] $! vl/b ;Demf}tfdf Nofj pks/0f, OlGhlgo/
;fO6 sfof{no, df]6/;fOsn vl/b Pj+ ejg lgdf{0f ug{ ?=!) s/f]8 #! nfv # xhf/sf] ;Demf}tf
u/]sf] 5 .
47.3. ufO{3f6 lbSt]n ;8s of]hgfn] @ vl/b ;Demf}tf ubf{ lan ckm SjflG66Ldf ejg lgdf{0f ug{ ?=*#
nfvsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df ?=#* nfv #! xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 .
;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltsf] lg0f{osf] ljk/Lt lgdf{0f sfo{sf] 7]Ssfdf c;DalGwt cfO6d
;dfj]z ug]{ sfo{df lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
48. a9L e'QmfgL – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@# df jf:tljs sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf]
cfwf/df lan aLhssf] e'QmfgL lbg' kg]{ pNn]v 5 .
48.1. w/fg–rt/f–ufO{3f6–s6f/L–l;Gw'nL–x]6f}F8f ;8s of]hgf -k"jL{ v08_ / lgdf{0f Joj;foL aLr ePsf]
Ps vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] lan ckm SjflG66Ldf sfo{;Dkfbg hdfgt afktsf] a}Í sld;g e'QmfgLsf
nflu nd;ddf ?= % s/f]8 saf]n u/]sf]df cfof]hgfn] ( cf}+ lan;Dd pQm cfO6ddf ?=% s/f]8 ()

nfv @* xhf/ lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ e'QmfgL lbPsf] b]lvG5 . vl/b ;Demf}tfdf saf]n u/]sf] eGbf a9L
/sd e'QmfgL lbPsf] d"No clej[l4 s/ ;d]t ?=! s/f]8 @ nfv ! xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
48.2. ljleGg !@ sfof{non] hf]8 hDdf km/s kf/]sf], gfkL lstfadf plNnlvt kl/df0feGbf a9L kl/df0fsf]
e'QmfgL u/]sf], ;Demf}tfeGbf a9L e'QmfgL lbPsf] nufot ?=@ s/f]8 %@ nfv % xhf/ a9L e'QmfgL
lbPsf]n] o;/L e'QmfgL lbg] kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ ;f] /sd c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
49. l8hfOg P08 lgdf{0f ;Demf}tf – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @@ cGtu{t cg';"rL $
df s'g} lgdf{0f sfo{sf] l8hfOg / lgdf{0f Pp6} lgdf{0f Joj;foLaf6 u/fpg] u/L ;Demf}tf ug{ ;lsg]
Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . ;8s ljefucGtu{t lgdf{0ffwLg k'ndWo] l8hfOg P08 laN8 k|lqmofaf6 @!^ k'n
lgdf{0f eO/x]sf]df o; jif{ & k'nsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;f];DaGwL Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
49.1. pQm k|lqmofaf6 lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpg] ;DaGwdf ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, lgoddf lj:t[t pNn]v gePsf]
Pj+ ;f]sf] nflu ;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{non] gd'gf af]nkq;DaGwL sfuhft tof/ gu/]sf]n]
d"No ;dfof]hg / e]l/P;g cfb]z nufotsf kIfdf ljljwtf b]lvPsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf P]g, lgoddf
lj:t[t ?kdf pNn]v x'g'kg]{ / af]nkq sfuhft tof/ u/L o; ljlwaf6 ul/g] vl/b sfo{nfO{ Jojl:yt
ug'{kb{5 .
49.2. ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !)-@_ df dlGqkl/ifb\af6 lgdf{0f sfo{sf] gD;{ :jLs[t
ug'{kg]{ JoJ:yf 5 . ljefusf] k'n dxfzfvfn] l8hfOg P08 laN8 k|lqmofcGtu{t @)&!.&@ df ljleGg
lhNnfdf vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf] ^@ k'nsf] nfut cf};t k|lt ld6/ ?=!) nfv @( xhf/, lgdf{0f vr{sf]
)=# k|ltzt u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f, )=$ k|ltzt aLdf, Pk|f]r ;8s sfnf]kq] k|lt ls=ld= ?=! s/f]8 !$
nfv kg]{ u/L dxflgb]{zsaf6 @)&@.!).$ df cGtl/d gD;{ :jLs[t u/]sf] kfOof] . pQm gD;{df d'b|f
l:kmlt b/ !=)$ n] u'0ff u/L @)&#.&$ sf nflu k|ltld6/ k'n lgdf{0f ? !) nfv &) xhf/ / ;8s
sfnf]kq] ug{ k|lt ls=ld= ?=! s/f]8 !( nfv gD;{ sfod u/]sf] 5 . dlGqkl/ifb\af6 :jLs[t ug'{kg]{
gD;{ dxflgb]{zsaf6 :jLs[t u/]sf] cfwf/df of] jif{ #* k'nsf] nflu ?=!# ca{ &$ s/f]8 &! nfvsf]
nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/]sf] 5 . ;f]sf] nflu ?=!@ ca{ (! s/f]8 ^* nfvsf] af]nkq :jLs[t u/L
?=$% s/f]8 @! nfv &@ xhf/ k]:sL lbPsf] 5 . o;/L tof/ u/]sf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug]{ sfo{
lgod;Ddt b]lvPg .
49.3. ljefun] l8hfOg P08 laN8 ljlwcg';f/ 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ubf{ d"No ;dfof]hg kfpg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .
k'n cfof]hgf k"jL{ ;]S6/ g+=!, dWoIf]q ;]S6/ g+=@, klZrd ;]S6/ g+=# / $, ;8s ljefu, w/fg rt/f
;8s of]hgfn] %! lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ ?= @( s/f]8 (( nfv @ xhf/ d"No ;dfof]hg e'QmfgL u/]sf]
b]lvof] . pQm ljlwadf]lhdsf] 7]Ssf nd;d k|s[ltsf] b]lvFbf ;Demf}tfdf d"No ;dfof]hg lbg] pNn]v
u/]sf] dgfl;a b]lvFb}g .
50. l8hfOgdf q'l6 – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf %s df q'l6k"0f{ l8hfOg u/]sf] sf/0f vl/b
sfo{ k|efljt ePdf l8hfOg tof/ ug],{ hfFr ug]{, :jLs[t ug]{ kbflwsf/L sf/afxLsf] eflubf/ x'g'kg]{
pNn]v 5 . k/fdz{bftfn] l8hfOg tof/ ubf{ q'l6 u/]sf] sf/0f lgdf{0f sfo{ k|efljt ePsf Joxf]/f
lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
50.1. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, rf}/hxf/L cGtu{t k;uf9 vf]nfdf $^=)$ ld6/ k'n lgdf{0f ug{ Ps lgdf{0f
Joj;foL;Fu ?=@ s/f]8 ** nfv !) xhf/df ;Demf}tf ePsf]df pQm :yfgdf @% ld6/sf] k'n lgdf{0f
ug'{kg]{ u/L k/fdz{bftfn] ;+zf]lwt 8\Oª l8hfOg k]; u/] klg :jLs[t gu/]sf]n] lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ePsf]
5}g . q'l6k"0f{ l8hfOgsf] sf/0fn] lgdf{0f sfo{ k|efljt ePsf] 5 .
50.2. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, ;'v]{tcGtu{t e]/L gbLdf k'n lgdf{0f ug{ lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=!$ s/f]8
#) nfvsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf eO{ /lgª lansf] ?=# s/f]8 *& nfv / k]:sL /sdaf6 ?=! s/f]8 &^ nfv
e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . k'nsf] bfofF / aLrsf] lkn/ Psflt/ 9lNsPsf] kfOof] . j]n kmfp08];gsf] sfd x'Fbf
s8f r§fg e]l6Psf]n] :jLs[t l8hfOgcg';f/ sfo{ ug{ g;s]sf] b]lvG5 .

50.3. x'nfsL /fhdfu{ of]hgf, k;f{ cGtu{t sn}of–dn+ujf v08df kg]{ jfUdtL gbLdf ^#$ ld6/ nfdf] k'n
lgdf{0f ug{ ?=#% s/f]8 *( nfvdf ePsf] ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb @)&).@.#! ;Dd /x]sf]df ;'k/ :6«Sr/,
gbL lgoGq0f, Pk|f]r ;8s lgdf{0f cflbsf] sfo{ ;DkGg eO{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ ?=!* s/f]8 &% nfv
e'QmfgL eO{ ;s]sf]df lkn/sf] prfO{ gk'u b]lvPsf]n] k'gM l8hfOgsf] k|lqmofdf /xL @)&).*.@* b]lv
lgdf{0f sfo{ cj?4 /x]sf] 5 .
50.4. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, sf7df8f}F+ ! cGtu{t af}4–tfd|u+uf ;8s l:yt jfUdtL gbLdf ?=@ s/f]8 @^
nfv ^* xhf/df lgdf{0f ePsf] k'n ;8ssf] ;txeGbf w]/} prfO{df /x]sf] sf/0f k|of]udf cfPsf]
kfOPg . pQm k'n ;~rfngdf Nofpg ?=@ s/f]8 * nfv #% xhf/sf] Pk|f]r ;8s lgdf{0fsf] vl/b
;Demf}tf eO{ ?=&% nfv @$ xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . k'nsf] q'l6k"0f{ l8hfOg u/]sf] sf/0f k'n
;~rfngdf Nofpg k'nsf] nfut a/fa/ vr{ u/L Pk|f]r ;8s lgdf{0f eO{ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . To:t}
wf]aLvf]nfsf] d}tLb]jL b]jLgu/df ?=@ s/f]8 &$ nfv, yfkfufpF cgfdgu/df ?=# s/f]8 *@ nfv /
aa/dxn a'4gu/df ?=! s/f]8 #) nfvsf] k'n lgdf{0f ug{ vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df lgdf{0f x'g] k'n
;8ssf] ;txeGbf sl/a * lkm6dfly x'g] eO{ l8hfOg q'l6k"0f{ ePsfn] lgdf{0f sfo{ cw'/f] /x]sf] 5 .
50.5. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, t'lDnª6f/n] c?0f gbLsf] nD;'jf3f6df ?=!# s/f]8 % nfv $! xhf/sf]
nfutdf k'n lgdf{0f ug{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df ;Demf}tf ePsf] * jif{df ^
j6f lkn/ lgdf{0f eO{ ?=$ s/f]8 #% nfv #! xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf]df @(=%^ k|ltzt ef}lts k|ult
ePsf] 5 . k'n lgdf{0f:yndf @$& ld6/sf] k'n cfjZos kg]{df !^% ld6/sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ u/L l8hfOg
:jLs[t ePsfn] lgdf{0f sfo{ cj?4 ePsf] 5 .
50.6. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, sf7df8f}F ! cGtu{t gofFafg]Zj/ ;+udrf]s l:yt wf]jLvf]nfdf k'n lgdf{0f
sfo{ @)^*.!@.@$ df ;DkGg ug]{u/L ?=! s/f]8 #) nfv () xhf/sf] vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df ;a
:6«Sr/sf] sfo{ lgdf{0f eO{ ?=*$ nfv *# xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . ;a :6«Sr/sf] sfo{ ePkl5 k'nsf]
l8hfOg pko'Qm gePsf]n] lgdf{0f sfo{ :ylut eO{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] ;dodf sfo{ gu/]sf egL]
sfnf];"rLdf /fv]sf] b]lvG5 . k'nsf] l8hfOg k'g/fjnf]sg gePsf]n] k'n lgdf{0f sfo{ cnkq cj:yfdf
/x]sf] 5 . lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] lnPsf] k]:sL ?=!* nfv afFsL /x]sf] 5 .
50.7. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, a'6jncGtu{t ltgfp gbLdf k'n lgdf{0f ug{ ?=^ s/f]8 &@ nfv $& xhf/df
@)&!.#.@& ;Dd sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ u/L Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ;Demf}tf ePsf]df k'nsf] hu vGbf
emf]n'+u] k'nsf] hu v:g ;Sg] hf]lvd /x]sf], k'nsf] z'? l8hfOgdf % :kfg /x]sf]df lgdf{0f :ynsf]
cj:yfcg';f/ $ :kfg agfpg'kg]{ / bfofF Pa'6d]G6sf] husf] n]en p7fpg ;fljssf] l8hfOg l/Eo"
ug]{ / l8hfOg l/Eo" kZrft afFsL sfd ;DkGg ug{ @)&%.#.@% ;Dd Dofb yk ubf{ ;d]t sfo{ ;DkGg
ePsf] 5}g . b'O{ k6s Dofb yk ubf{ klg l8hfOg l/Eo"sf] cfjZostf dx;'; gu/]sf] / t];|f] k6s
Dofb yk ubf{ dfq l8hfOg l/Eo" ug'{kg]{ sf/0f pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .
50.8. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, a'6jn cGtu{t bfgj gbLdf k'n lgdf{0f ug{ ?=% s/f]8 ** nfv !$
xhf/df ;DkGg ug]{ u/L Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ;Demf}tf ePsf]df d"No ;dfof]hg ;d]t ?=$ s/f]8
%# nfv ^) xhf/ e'QmfgL eP klg lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5}g . pQm k'n lgdf{0f ubf{ blIf0ftkm{
a9L RoflkPsf] sf/0f gbL s6fg / 8'afgsf] c;/ kg]{ ePsf]n] k/fdz{bftfn] z'?sf] % :kfgnfO{ 36fO{
$ :kfgsf] lgdf{0f ug{ l8hfOg ;+zf]wg u/L (=%( k|ltzt 3l6sf] e]l/P;g cfb]z hf/L u/]sf] 5 .
k'nsf] l8hfOg tof/ ubf{ :yfgLo hgtfsf] dfu / cfjZostfnfO{ Wofg glbPsf] sf/0f l8hfOg
kl/jt{g ug'{ k/]sf] cj:yf 5 .
q'l6k"0f{ l8hfOg k]; ug]{ k/fdz{bftf / hfFr tyf :jLs[t ug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ P]gadf]lhd
sf/afxL u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{kb{5 .
51. Pk|f]r ;8s – k'n lgdf{0f:yndf b'j}tk{m ;8s lgdf{0f u/L ;jf/L cfjfudg x'g] Joj:yf ldnfpg'
kb{5 . Pk|f]r ;8s;DaGwL s]xL Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M

51.1. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, h'DnfcGtu{t ltnf gbLdf ?=% s/f]8 %) nfvsf] nfutdf lgdf{0f ePsf]
k'nsf] ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf]df Pk|f]r tyf ln+s /f]8df kg]{ hUufsf] ljjfbsf] sf/0f lgld{t k'n
;~rfngdf cfPsf] b]lvPg .
51.2. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, sf7df8f}F+ ! cGtu{t ufunkm]bL l:yt 3§]vf]nfdf k'n lgdf{0f ug{ ?=! s/f]8
$@ nfv @) xhf/df vl/b ;Demf}tf eO{ xfn;Dd ?=(% nfv && xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] / k'nsf]
;+/rgf tof/ ePsf] 5 . pQm k'n;Dd k'Ug] Pk|f]r ;8s gePsf] sf/0f lgdf{0f ;DkGg x'g] cj:yfdf
k'u]sf] k'n k|of]hgljxLg aGg k'u]sf] 5 .
51.3. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, x]6f}F8fn] jL/u~h dxfgu/kflnsfl:yt e]8fx vf]nfdf &) ld6/sf] k'n lgdf{0f
;DkGg u/]sf] Ps jif{ ePklg k'n;Dd hfg] sl/a *)) ld6/ ;8s lgdf{0f gu/]sfn] k'n
pkof]uljxLg x'g uPsf] 5 .
51.4. x'nfsL ;8s cfof]hgf of]hgf sfof{no O6x/Ln] ?=## s/f]8sf] nfutdf d]rL gbLdf k'n lgdf{0f
;DkGg u/]sf] eP klg g]kfn / ef/t ;Ldftk{m @ ls=ld= ;8s lgdf{0f gePsfn] k'nsf] pkof]u x'g
;s]sf] 5}g .
Pk|f]r ;8ssf] Joj:yf u/L lgdf{0f ePsf k'n pkof]udf Nofpg'kb{5 .
52. la6'ldg vkt – ;8s ljefu cGtu{tsf lgsfon] ;8s sfnf]kq] ubf{ :k]l;lkms];gcg';f/ k|lt
au{ld6/ la6'ldg k|fOd sf]6 / 6\ofs sf]6sf] :k|] -vkt_ b/ ;fdfGotof qmdzM )=() ln6/ / )=&)
ln6/ k|of]u u/]sf] kfOG5 . sflGt nf]s ky cfof]hgfn] ;8s lkr ug]{ 7]Ssf Kofs]hdf k|lt ju{ ld6/
k|fOd sf]6 ! ln6/ / 6\ofs sf]6 ! ln6/sf b/n] vkt ug]{ u/L nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/L ;f]xL
cg';f/ e'QmfgL ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . gd'gf :j?k k/LIf0f ul/Psf ^ lgdf{0f sfo{df dfq cGo sfof{nosf]
t'ngfdf o; sfof{non] k|fOdsf]6 #* xhf/ *)* ln6/ / 6\ofs sf]6 hDdf ! nfv !^ xhf/ $@$
ln6/ la6'ldg a9L vkt x'g] u/L ;Demf}tf u/]sf] sf/0f ?=! s/f]8 @( nfv %* xhf/ yk Jooef/
k/]sf] 5 .
53. lgdf{0f sfo{sf] u'0f:t/ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !!!-!_-ª_ df ;fj{hlgs
lgsfon] u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f ug]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . u'0f:t/;DaGwL s]xL Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
53.1. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, Onfd cGtu{t lkmSsn–>LcGt'8fF8f ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{df bzf}+ lan;Dd ?=$
s/f]8 ** nfv e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . lgdf{0ffwLg pQm ;8ssf] :ynut cjnf]sg ubf{ ;8ssf] ljleGg
:yfgdf kLr pKs]sf] / vfN6f] k/]sf] b]lvPsf]n] lgdf{0f sfo{ u'0f:to'Qm b]lvPg .
53.2. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, afUn'ªn] ?=@ s/f]8 () nfv $ xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] a]gL–b/afª ;8s
:t/f]Gglt sfo{df 9'Ëfsf] kvf{n tyf Uofljgsf] sfo{ lgdf{0f ;DkGg gxF'b} eTs]sf] b]lvG5 . o;}u/L
;f]xL sfof{non] ?=@ s/f]8 %# nfv !) xhf/ vr{ u/L lgdf{0f u/]sf] bf]laNnf–kmn]af; ;8s v08sf]
sfnf]kq] plKsPsf], ljleGg :yfgsf] Uofljog tyf ;+/If0f kvf{n eTs]sf] Pj+ l;NdL kmfF6 l:yt
3'DtLdf sl/a %) ld6/ ;8s lau|]sf] cj:yfdf b]lvPsf]n] tf]lsPsf] u'0f:t/df lgdf{0f sfo{ ePsf]
b]lvPg .
53.3. ;'g;/L df]/ª k'n cfof]hgf, k'n ;]S6/ cfof]hgf k"jL{ ;]S6/ !, l8lehg ;8s sfof{no kfNkf, ;'v]{t
/ dsjfgk'/n] ;8s tyf k'n lgdf{0f sfo{nfO{ u'0f:t/ o'Qm agfpg ;8s ljefun] hf/L u/]sf]
:k]l;lkms];g / lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] k]; u/]sf] u'0f:t/ cf:jZttf of]hgfcg';f/ u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f u/]sf]
kfOPg .
53.4. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, cf]vn9'+ufcGtu{tsf] xs{k'/–cf]vn9'+uf ;8s v08cGtu{t s]Q's]b]lv /dfOnf]
8fF8f;Ddsf] !) ls=ld= ;8s sfnf]kq ubf{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] :jLsf/of]Uo u'0f:t/sf lgdf{0f ;fdu|L
k|of]u gu/]sf]n] lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf] Ps jif{ glaTb} clwsf+z sfnf]kq pKs]sf] 5 .
u'0f:t/o'Qm sfo{ ePsf] ;'lglZrt x'g] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kb{5 .

54. ;8ssf] /]vfÍg – sfnLu08sL sl/8f]/ cGtu{t /fDbLb]lv bfkf]{s ;Dd ;8s rf}8f Pj+ :t/f]Gglt sfo{
@)&$.(.& df ;DkGg ug]{u/L @)&#.^.^ df Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=! s/f]8 %) nfv &% xhf/sf]
vl/b ;Demf}tf eO{ xfn;Dd ?=(# nfv @* xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . :ynut cjnf]sgsf] qmddf
;8ssf] /]vfÍg sfnLu08sL gbLsf] jxfj If]q kg{ uPsf] b]lvof] . cfof]hgfn] pQm :yfgsf]] /]vfÍg
kljq l;4 u'kmf x'Fb} hfg] / ;f] u'kmf tyf dlGb/ lj:yflkt ug{ g;lsPsf] sf/0f gbLsf] jxfj If]qdf
;8s kg{ uPsf] hgfPsf] 5 .
55. a9L kl/df0f – sfnLu08sL sf]l/8f]/ cfof]hgfsf] lj:t[t kl/of]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L lgdf{0f sfo{
z'? ug'{kg]{df cf+lzs tof/ u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ eO{ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . em}t] sf]/nf ;8s v08sf] rf}8fO{ &
ld6/ /x]g] pNn]v ePklg !! ld6/ sfod u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ eO/x]sf] b]lvG5 . To:t} % ls=ld= ;8sdf
#) ld6/ prfOsf] aS; sl6ª ug]{ u/L !!=^ k|ltzt u|]8 /fvL /f]8 j] PS;fe]zgsf] kl/df0f tyf
nfut u0fgf u/]sf]df ;fO6sf] cj:yf cg';f/ & k|ltzt u|]8 /fvL PS;fe]zg u/]sf] kfOof] . :nf]k
sl6ª ug'{kg]{ :yfgdf aS; sl6ªsf] l8hfOg u/]sf] sf/0f pQm v08sf] PS;fe]zgsf] kl/df0f #!
xhf/ 3g ld6/ cfjZos x'g]df ^# xhf/ 3g ld6/ /fvL ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L PS;fe]zgsf]
kl/df0f u0fgf ubf{ z'?df & ld6/ rf}8fO x'g] kl/df0f u0fgf u/]sf]df ( ld6/ rf}8fO{sf] nflu * nfv
$@ xhf/ 3g ld6/ kl/df0f yk u/]sf] sf/0f ?=!! s/f]8 *) nfv nfut a9\g uPsf] 5 .
56. l8hfOg :jLs[ltdf l9nfO – ;8s ljefu k'n dxfzfvfn] u/]sf] vl/b ;Demf}tfdf lgdf{0f Joj;foLn]
^ dlxgf ;Dddf l8hfOg tof/ u/L k]; ug'{kg]{ / k]; ePsf] # dlxgf ;Dddf l8hfOg :jLs[t ug'{kg]{
u/L klxnf] dfOn:6f]g sfod u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o;/L ;DEfmf}tfadf]lhd ( dlxgfleq l8hfOg :jLs[t u/L
lgdf{0f ;'? ug'{kg]{df k'n of]hgf k"jL{ ;]S6/ g+=! cGtu{t b'O{ k'nsf] vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] cjlw qmdzM
@) / #! dlxgf JotLt eO{;s]sf]df l8hfOg :jLs[t gePsf] tyf ;dod} l8hfOg k]; gu/L (
dlxgfsf] klxnf] dfOn:6f]g gfl3;s]sf]n] ;Demf}tfadf]lhd k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{;d]t c;'n ug'{kg]{
b]lvG5 . lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] ?=$ s/f]8 ! nfv #& xhf/ k]:sL lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{
kmfObf k'Ug] u/L lgliqmo /fv]sf] b]lvG5 . ;Demf}tfsf] cjlwdf l8hfOg :jLs[t gug]{nfO{ sf/afxL
x'g'kg]{ / l8hfOg :jLs[t gx'Fb} k'n lgdf{0f sfo{sf] ;d]t k]:sL lbg] sfo{df lgoGq0f x'g'kb{5 .
57. gD;+ – ;fj+hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !)[@{ df lgdf+0f sfo+sf] nfut cg'dfg tof/
ubf+ :jLs=t gD;+ adf]lhd ug'+kg]+ Joj:yf /x]sf] / ;8s ljefun] k|of]u u/]sf] gD;{df l;d]06
afn'jfsf] hf]8fO{df 9'Ëfsf] uf/f] nufpFbf / kmnfd] 808Lsf] sfo{df !% k|ltzt htL{ hfg] pNn]v 5 .
l;FrfO ljefu / ejg ljefusf] gD;{df tL sfo{x?df qmdzM !) / % k|ltzt dfq htL{ hfg] pNn]v
5 . gD;{ ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf s]xL Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
57.1. sfnLu08sL sf]l/8f]/, x'nfsL /fhdfu{ cfof]hgf / l8lehg ;8s sfof{no ;'v]{tcGtu{t of] jif{
;Demf}tf ePsf] !)% lgdf{0f sfo{df !% k|ltzt htL{ ;dfj]z ePsf] sf/0f l;FrfO ljefu / ejg
ljefusf] tD;{sf] t'ngfdf l;d]06 afn'jfsf] hf]8fO{ ePsf] 9'Ëfsf] uf/f] nufpg] sfo{df ?=( s/f]8 ^^
nfv #& xhf/ nfut a9\g uPsf] b]lvG5 .
57.2. uf/f] nufpFbf 9'Ëfsf] ;fOh ldnfpg], Kjfn jf vfN6f]df 6'qmf 9'Ëf /fVg] cflbsf] nflu cfjZos 9'Ëfsf]
kl/df0fdf ljleGg lgsfox?sf] gD;{df Ps?ktf x'g'kg]{df dWokxf8L nf]sdfu{ -k"jL{ v08_ cGtu{t !!
vl/b ;Demf}tfdf 9'Ëfsf] kl/df0f a9L k|of]u x'gfn] uf/f] nufpg] sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfgdf ?=! s/f]8
(# nfv && xhf/n] a9L x'g uPsf] 5 . To:t} 808L kl/df0f a9L k|of]u x'gfn] ( sfo{df ^%=%
d]l6«s6g kmnfd] 808L vkt a9\g uO{ ?=%# nfv $! xhf/n] nfut cg'dfg a9L ePsf] 5 .
57.3. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no sf7df8f}F @ n] lgdf{0f sfo{ u/]sf]dWo] % ;8s of]hgfsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/
ubf{ yk % k|ltztn] ^(@=#@ 3g ld6/ 9'Ëf a9L k|of]u eO{ k|lt 3g ld6/ ?=@#((.)$ sf b/n] ?=!^
nfv ^! xhf/ nfut a9]sf]] b]lvof] .

57.4. l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, bf]nvfn] ;8s ljefusf] gD;{cg';f/ lgdf{0f sfo{ u/]sf]dWo] gd'gf 5gf}6
u/L s]xL sfo{sf] ljZn]if0f u/]sf]df % ;8s of]hgfsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ cGo lgsfoeGbf %
k|ltztn] a9L 9'Ëf k|of]u eO{ ?=^! nfv $% xhf/ nfut a9]sf]] b]lvof] .
57.5. Jofkfl/s dfu{ lj:tf/ cfof]hgf, ?kGb]xLn] ;8s ljefusf] gD;{ k|of]u ubf{ kmnfd] 808Lsf] kl/df0f
a9L k|of]u x'gfn] % sfo{df ?=^! nfv ^( xhf/ / 9'Ëfsf] kl/df0f a9L k|of]u x'gfn] $ sfo{df ?=@%
nfv %) xhf/n] nfut cg'dfg a9\g uPsf] 5 .
gD;{sf] ljljwtfn] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nfutdf j[l4 x'g] b]lvPsf]n] ljleGg ;/sf/L lgsfoaLrsf]
gD;{df Ps?ktf sfod ug'{kb{5 .
58. jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg – l8hfOg P08 laN8 ljlwaf6 k'n lgdf{0fsf] vl/b ;Demf}tfdf lgdf{0f
Joj;foLn] jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg/k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f ;d]t ug]{u/L vl/b ;Demf}tf
u/]sf]df k'n of]hgf k"jL{ ;]S6/ g+=! cGtu{t lgdf{0ffwLg @$ k'n dWo] @@ sf] jftfj/0fLo k|efj
d"NofÍg k|ltj]bg tof/ ePsf] b]lvPg . o;/L jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg k|ltj]bg :jLs[t gx'Fb} of]
jif{ ?=! ca{ #% s/f]8 @! nfv e'QmfgL u/L ;DkGg ePsf # k'nsf] ;f]xL sf/0faf6 7]Ssf km/kmf/s
ePsf] b]lvPg . lgdf{0f sfo{ ;'? ubf{s} cj:yfdf jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg :jLs[t x'g'kg]{df
lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg x'Fbf;Dd :jLs[t gx'g' plrt b]lvPg . ;dod} k|ltj]bg :jLs[t u/L lgdf{0f sfo{
cl3 a9fpg'kb{5 .
59. ejg lgdf{0f – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #^-%_ tyf cy{ dGqfnosf] sfo{
;~rfng lgb]{lzsf tyf clVtof/L kq cg';f/ s'g} klg sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd
:jLs[t ug'{kg]{ / ax'alif{o of]hgfsf] nflu ;|f]t ;'lglZrttf u/L 7]Ssf Joj:yfkg ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, a'6jnn] sfof{no ejg lgdf{0f ug{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=( s/f]8 #^
nfv !& xhf/df @)&^.!).!# -#) dlxgf_ df sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ u/L @)&$.#.@( df ;Demf}tf eP
cg';f/ ut jif{ ?=*@ nfv k]:sL lbPsf] b]lvG5 . of] jif{ ejg lgdf{0f lzif{sdf ?=&% nfv ah]6
ljlgof]hg ePsf]df pQm /sd;d]t k]:sL lbO{ k|yd /lgË lansf] ?=! s/f]8 @) nfv $) xhf/
slG6Gh]G;Laf6 e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . ejg lgdf{0f sfo{sf] ;|f]t ;'lglZrt gu/L 7]Ssf Joj:yfkg u/]sf]n]
ejg lgdf{0f sfo{ cw'/f] /xg] cj:yf 5 .
60. ;8s ;Ldf ;+/If0f – gf/fo0f3f6–d'lUnª v08sf] ;8ssf] ;Ldf %) ld6/ sfod u/]sf] ePklg ;8s
cltqmd0f u/L lgdf{0f ePsf] :yfoL÷c:yfoL ;+/rgfsf] nflu of] jif{ ;8s ;Ldfleqsf 3/ 6x/fsf]
?=! s/f]8 !) nfv %$ xhf/ Ifltk"lt{ lbP tfklg ;8s ;Ldf vfnL u/fPsf] b]lvPg .
61. ;8ssf] pkof]u – l8lehg ;8s sfof{no, a'6jncGtu{t dl0fu|fd / df]ltk'/ hf]8\g] ltgfp gbLdf
k'n lgdf{0f sfo{ ?=!) s/f]8 #& nfv (% xhf/df @)^(.(.!^ ;Dd ;DkGg ug]{ u/L Ps lgdf{0f
Joj;foL;;Fu ;Demf}tf ePsf]df tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf sfo{ ;DkGg gePsf]n] @)&@.#.@$ ;Dd Dofb yk
ePsf] tyf ?=% s/f]8 @* nfv && xhf/ e'QmfgL u/] klg sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5}g . pQm k'n ef/tLo
PlShd a}Ísf] ;xof]udf ;8s ;'wf/ cfof]hgfaf6 lgdf{0f e}/x]sf] n'lDagL kl/qmdf ;8s v08df kg]{
/ ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ clGtd r/0fdf k'u]sf]n] k'nsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg geP;Dd ;8s ;~rfng x'g
;Sg] cj:yf b]lvPg .
dWokxf8L -k'iknfn_ nf]sdfu{ cfof]hgf
kfFry/ lhNnfsf] lrof] eGHofªb]lv a}t8L lhNnfsf] e'mnf3f6;Dd hf]8\g] u/L lgdf{0f x'g] nf]sdfu{sf]
nDafO{ ! xhf/ &&^ ls=ld= /x]sf] 5 . pQm cfof]hgf @)^$.^% af6 lgdf{0f z'? u/L @)&$.&% df ;DkGg ug]{
nIo eP klg @)&&.&* df ;DkGg ug]{ u/L sfo{tflnsf ;+zf]wg ePsf] 5 . cfof]hgfsf] cg'dflgt nfut
sl/a ?=*) ca{ !$ s/f]8 /x]sf]df @)&$.&% ;Dddf ?=@^ ca{ *( s/f]8 vr{ ePsf] 5 .
62. s'n nfut – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @@ df of]hgf :jLs[lt;DaGwL Joj:yf
/x]sf] 5 . cfof]hgf k"jL{ v08sf] sfo{ If]qdf ^*( ls=ld= / klZrd v08sf] sfo{ If]qdf !)*& ls=ld=
/x]sf] ePklg ;f] /]vfÍgdf k6s k6s kl/jt{g ePsf] b]lvG5 . cfof]hgfsf] Psd'i6 lj:t[t cfof]hgf
k|ltj]bg Pj+ jftfj/0fLo cWoog k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L :jLs[t gePsf]n] cfof]hgfn] lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{
;8s / ;f]sf] nfut v'n]sf] 5}g .
63. cw'/f lgdf{0f sfo{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf %@ df vl/b ;Demf}tf / ;f]sf zt{x?sf]
Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt cjlwdf lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{kb{5 . cfof]hgfsf] klZrd
v08 sfof{non] vl/b ;Demf}tf u/L sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf ^# dWo] !^ vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] cjlw ;dfKt
ePklg lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5}g . tL ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb yk gePsf] / sfo{ ;DkGg ;d]t
gePsf]n] ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, lgod tyf ;Demf}tfdf /x]sf Joj:yf cg';f/ ?= !@ s/f]8 *! nfv
#! xhf/ k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ c;'n ug'{kg]{, vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] cGTo u/L hdfgt hkmt tyf afFsL
lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ nfUg] /sd ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'n ug]{ k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
64. 3'dL{–rt/f ;8s lgdf{0f – 3'dL{ rt/f ;8s lgdf{0f ug{ cfof]hgf k"jL{ v08n] @)^*.^( df 7]Ssf
Joj:yfkg u/]sf ?=!$ s/f]8 #^ nfv (% xhf/sf @) 7]Ssfsf] sfo{ ! jif{leq ;DkGg ug'{kg]d { f^
lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ laut jif{df ?=# s/f]8 %& nfv $! xhf/ e'QmfgL eO{ $ 7]Ssfsf] sfo{ ;DkGg
ePsf] 5 eg] # n] sfd z'? u/]klg ;DkGg gu/]sf] / !# lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? g} u/]sf
5}gg\ . jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg gu/L 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df xfn ;8s lgdf{0f ug{ cg'dlt k|fKt
eP klg lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] ;flassf] b/df sfd ug{ c;dy{tf hgfPsf]n] tL 7]Ssfx? cnkq k/]sf]
5.
65. b/ ljZn]if0f – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !)-$_ df lgdf{0f sfo{sf] b/ ljZn]if0f
ug]{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf 5 . ;f]sf] kfngf gePsf d'Vo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
65.1. dWokxf8L nf]s dfu{ cfof]hgf -k"jL{ v08_ n] ;8s lsgf/ k'g]{ sfo{sf] b/ ljZn]if0f ubf{ lgdf{0f
;fdu|Lsf] d"Nodf !% k|ltzt cf]e/x]8 ;d]t ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 . cf]e/x]8 ;lxt lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf]
d"No /fvL k"/} cfO6dsf] b//]6 sfod ubf{ k'gM cf]e/x]8 ;dfj]z u/]sf]n] bf]xf]/f] cf]e/x]8 ;dfj]z
ePsf] b]lvof] . of] jif{ 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ePsf lgdf{0f sfo{dWo] k/LIf0f ul/Psf * lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nfut
cg'dfgdf dfq ?=! s/f]8 !) nfv ## xhf/ yk ePsf] 5 . bf]xf]/f] gkg]{ u/L e'QmfgL x'g] ;'lglZrttf
ug'{kb{5 .
65.2. ;f]xL v08n] ;8ssf] ODa]+sd]G6 tof/ ug]{ -lsgf/ k'g]{ / /f]lnª ug]{_ sfdsf] b//]6 sfod ubf{ ;8s
k'g{ cfjZos kg]{ ;fdu|L -df6f]_ @ ls=ld= 6f9faf6 6«sdf 9'jfgL ug]{ u/L k|lt 3g ld6/ df6f]sf] d"No
sfod u/]sf] 5 . ;8ssf] lsgf/fdf k'g{ ;f]xL :yfgdf hu vGbf lg:s]sf] df6f] kof{Kt /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
df6f] aflx/af6 Nofpg' kg]{ u/L b/ ljZn]if0f u/]sf] sf/0f * 7]Ssfsf] nflu cfjZos & nfv $# xhf/
3gld6/ df6f]sf] nfutdf ?=* s/f]8 $% nfv %) xhf/ a9]sf] 5 .
sf7df8f}+ lbuf] zx/L oftfoft cfof]hgf
66. ;fj{hlgs oftfoft cWoog – k/fdz{bftfaf6 k|fKt k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjogof]Uo x'g'kg]{ / ;fj{hlgs
lgsfon] sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 . sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf] ;fj{hlgs oftfoft If]q ;'wf/ ;DaGwdf cWoog
ug{ 5gf}6 ePsf] cGt/fli6«o k/fdz{bftfnfO{ cfof]hgfaf6 ?=!) s/f]8 #% nfv @ xhf/ e'QmfgL
ePsf] 5 . pQm k/fdz{bftfaf6 k|fKt k|ltj]bgdf pkTosfleq ;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf ;fwg tyf ?6
;DaGwL ljsNk, ltgsf] k|fyldstfqmd, ;DefJotf cWoog, d"NofÍg Pj+ ;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf] If]qdf
ug'{kg]{ gLltut, sfg'gL Pj+ ;+:yfut ;'wf/sf] ;DaGwdf ljleGg ;'emfjx? pNn]v 5 . tL ;'emfjsf]
sfof{Gjog ePsf] 5}g . To:t} Ps ?6 -P; kmfOe_ df ;fj{hlgs a; ;~rfngsf] nflu !& yfg a;
k|lt:kwf{ a]u/ vl/b u/L ?=^ s/f]8 ^! nfv #$ xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 .
67. k'nsf] u'0f:t/ – cfof]hgfn] 6]s' / sflndf6L hf]8\g] u/L lji0f'dtL gbLdf k'n lgdf{0f !@ dlxgfdf
;DkGg ug]{ u/L Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu @)&!.$.& df ?=@@ s/f]8 ^! nfv *) xhf/sf] vl/b
;Demf}tf ePsf]df !@ cf}+ /lgª lan;Dddf ?=!# s/]f8 (@ nfv $) xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 .
oftfoftsf ;fwgsf] ef/ gyfDg] u/L u'0f:t/xLg lgdf{0f ;fdu|L k|of]u u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ u/]sf]n]
lgdf{0f sfo{ cufl8 ga9fpg cfof]hgfaf6 lgb]{zg ePtfklg k'n lgdf{0f ;DkGg u/L ;~rfng ePsf]
b]lvG5 . lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] ;f] k'n d'lgsf] c08/kf; lgdf{0f sfo{ ;'? gu/]sf] Pj+ k]:sL hdfgtsf]
Dofb ;dfKt eO{ ;s]sf]df ?=^) nfv $@ xhf/ df]lanfOh];g k]:sL;d]t afFsL /x]sf] 5 . pQm k'n
lgdf{0fsf] u'0f:t/ Pj+ ;~rfng ePsf] ;DaGwdf 5fglag x'g'kb{5 .
68. ;8s k]6L ;'wf/ – cfof]hgfcGtu{t sf7df8f}F+ zx/ leqsf] s]z/dxn, b/af/dfu{, ;'Gwf/f nufot @@
:yfgdf ;8s k]6L tyf rf]s ;'wf/ sfo{ @)&@.!).#) df ;DkGg ug]{u/L @)&!.$.@* df Ps lgdf{0f
Joj;foL;Fu ?=@@ s/f]8 %# nfv *^ xhf/sf] vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf]df !# cf}+ /lgª lan;Dddf ?=!(
s/f]8 @) nfv !$ xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . z'? Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] # jif{;Dddf pQm sfo{ ;DkGg
ePsf] 5}g . ;'wf/ ul/Psf rf]sx?df OG6]lnh]G6 6\flkms l;+Ugn h8fgsf] nflu df:6 cfd{sf]
kmfp08];g sfo{ ePsf]df pQm l;+ugn h8fg;DaGwL vl/b ;Demf}tf gePsf] sf/0f df:6 cfd{df
ePsf] sl/a ?=#) nfv vr{ pkof]uljxLg x'g uPsf] b]lvG5 .
x'nfsL /fhdfu{ cfof]hgf
69. cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog – d]rLb]lv dxfsfnL;Dd t/fO{ If]qdf ! xhf/ &(@ ls=ld= ;8s tyf k'n
lgdf{0f ug{ k|f/lDes nfut ?=$& ca{ @$ s/f]8 /xsf]df @)&$.&% ;Dd ?=!& cj{ (! s/f]8 -#&=(@
k|ltzt_ vr{ ePsf] b]lvG5 . cfof]hgf cGtu{tsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ s'n ;8s, lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf] ;8s,
lgdf{0ffwLg ;8s / sfd z'? x'g afFsL ;8ssf] l:ylt lgDgfg';f/ b]lvPsf] 5M
-ls=ld=df_
lgdf{0ffwLg ;8ssf] nDafO{ sfd ;'? x'g
lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ lgdf{0f ;DkGg
;8s o; cGo afFsL ;8ssf]
;8ssf] nDafO{ ;8ssf] nDafO{
cfof]hgfaf6 lgsfoaf6 nDafO{
k"j{b]lv klZrd ls=ld= 975 53 399.6 94 428
pQ/b]lv blIf0f ls=ld= 817 47 553.4 60 157
hDdf 1792 100 953 154 585
s'n ;8sdWo] !)) ls=ld=;DkGg, ! xhf/ !)& ls=ld= lgdf{0ffwLg / %*% ls=ld= lgdf{0f
sfo{ ;'? x'g afFsL b]lvG5 . o;}u/L lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ k'n @!( /x]sf] / ;f]dWo] &% k'nsf] lgdf{0f sfo{
;DkGg ePsf], *$ k'n lgdf{0ffwLg /x]sf] / ^) k'n l8hfOg :jLs[ltsf] r/0fdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
70. j}b]lzs cg'bfg – g]kfn / ef/t ;/sf/aLr ;g\ @)!) df ePsf] ;dembf/Lcg';f/ klxnf] r/0fdf
^)& ls=ld=;8s :t/f]Gglt sfo{ ;DkGg x'g'kg]{df x'g g;s]sf]n] %!* ls=ld=;8s :t/f]Gglt sfo{
g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ug]{ u/L k'gM ;g\ @)!^ df b'O{ ;/sf/ aLr ;dembf/L ePsf] 5 . ;f] ;dembf/Ldf
ef/t ;/sf/af6 ?=* ca{ cg'bfg k|fKt x'g] pNn]v 5 . z'?sf] k|yd r/0fdf ;DkGg gePsf] %!*
ls=ld=;8s lgdf{0fsf] nflu sl/a ?=!# ca{ %) s/f]8 nfUg] k|f/lDes cg'dfg u/]sf]df ?=* ca{
cg'bfg k|fKt x'g] / d'cfjhf ljt/0f tyf k'n lgdf{0f sfo{ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 eO{ /x]sf] 5 . pQm
;dembf/L kl5 @ jif{df ?=! ca{ ** s/f]8 -@#=% k|ltzt_ cg'bfg pkof]u ePsf] b]lvG5 . ut jif{
d"No clej[l4 s/ afx]s ?=& ca{ %@ s/f]8sf] ;Demf}tf ePsf]df ;dod} sfo{ ;DkGg u/L cg'bfgsf]
k"0f{ ?kdf pkof]u ug'{kb{5 .
71. u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f – of] jif{ vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf] ? !! ca{ *@ s/f]8 @ nfvsf !@ 7]Ssfsf] lan ckm
SjflG66Ldf u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f ug{ ?=% s/f]8 @* nfv $^ xhf/ k|f]lehgn ;ddf /fv]sf] 5 . tL
sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu b/ ljZn]if0f ubf{ 9nfg, l;d]06 afn'jf hf]8fOsf]
OF6fsf] uf/f] nufot s]xL cfO6db/df u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f -Nofj 6]i6_ sf] nflu cf]e/x]8 ;d]t ?=!#
s/f]8 $! nfv !* xhf/ ;dfj]z u/]sf] b]lvG5 . nfut cg'dfgdf ;dfj]z u/]sf] pQm /sddWo]
7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ubf{ 36]sf] k|ltztn] 36fpFbf ?=!# s/f]8 !% nfv &% xhf/df u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f tyf
Nofj k/LIf0fsf] nflu 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . Pp6} sfdsf] nflu bf]xf]/f] kg]{ u/L ;Demf}tf
u/]sf]n] e'QmfgL ubf{ bf]xf]/f] gx'g] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{ b]lvG5 .

cfof]hgf lgb]{zgfno -P=8L=aL=_
72. nIo k|ult – Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}Ísf] C0f ;xof]ucGtu{t e"sDkLo cfktsfnLg ;xof]u cfof]hgftkm{
((=^%, ;f;]s /f]8 sg]lS6le6L cfof]hgfdf !((=^# / ;f;]s ;8s ;'wf/ cfof]hgfdf !^) ;d]t
$%(=@* ls=ld= ;8sdWo] ;f;]s ;8s ;'wf/ cfof]hgfcGtu{tsf] gf/fo0f3f6–a'6jn !!%
ls=ld=;8ssf] af]nkq :jLs[t x'g afFsL /x]sf] / afFsL #$$=@* ls=ld=;8s lgdf{0f r/0fdf /x]sf]
b]lvG5 . of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ?=$ ca{ !$ s/f]8 %) nfv ah]6 ljlgof]hg ePsf]df ?=@ ca{
$# s/f]8 *$ nfv -%*=*# k|ltzt_ vr{ ePsf] 5 . of]hgfsf] ;du| ef}lts k|ult b]xfoadf]lhd
/x]sf] b]lvG5M
sfo{qmdsf] gfd vl/b ;Demf}tf ;+Vof cBfjlws ef}lts k|ult -k|ltzt_
e"sDkLo cfktsfnLg ;xof]u cfof]hgf 7 33.83
;f;]s /f]8 sg]lS6le6L cfof]hgf 9 69.43
;f;]s ;8s ;'wf/ cfof]hgf 4 1.35
oftfoft cfof]hgf tof/L ;xof]u 1 0
lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] sfo{tflnsf adf]lhd sfo{ ug{ g;]sf] sf/0f cfof]hgfsf] ;du| ef}lts
k|ult Go"g /xg uPsf] b]lvG5 . of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf yk k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg'kb{5 .
73. k/fdz{ ;]jf vr{ – ;f;]s /f]8 sg]lS6le6L cfof]hgfcGtu{tsf k/fdz{bftfn] ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ u/L
tf]s]sf] !&) ls=ld=;8s dWo] $% ls=ld=sf] dfq vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf] / lgdf{0f sfo{sf] 7"nf] lx:;f
cf]u6\g] k"j{ klZrd /fhdfu{ cGtu{t gf/fo0f3f6—a'6jn !!% ls=ld=;8s lj:tf/sf] nflu @)&%
c;f/ d;fGt;Dd vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5}g . ;'kl/j]If0fsf] nflu k/fdz{bftf;Fu ;doa4 -6fOd a];_
;Demf}tf u/]sf] sf/0f sfd gePsf] cjlwsf] ;]jf z'Ns ;d]t k/fdz{bftfnfO{ e'QmfgL lbg' k/]sf]n]
lgdf{0f vr{sf] t'ngfdf k/fdz{ ;]jf vr{ $^ k|ltzt k'us ] f] 5 . k/fdz{bftfn] ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ lgdf{0f
sfo{sf] k|ultsf] cfwf/df k/fdz{ z'Ns e'QmfgL lbg] u/L ;DEfmf}tf ug'{kb{5 .
74. sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg – cf]vn9'Ëf–;Nn]/L v08sf] ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{sf] % vl/b ;Demf}tf cGtu{t
?=&( s/f]8 () nfv ^^ xhf/ vr{ eO{ ;g\ @)!%.!^ df ;DkGg ePsf] / q'l6 ;Rofpg] cjlw #) d]
@)!& df ;dfKt ePsf]df ;f] cjlwdf ;Rofpg' kg]{ q'l6x? ;RofO{ sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg tof/ u/]sf]
b]lvPg . pQm ;8ssf] @)&%.^.@) df :ynut cjnf]sg ubf{ ljleGg v08df lkr plKsPsf], ;8s
efl;Psf] Pj+ klx/f] uPsf] nufotsf l:ylt b]lvPsf] 5 . q'l6 ;Rofpg] cjlwdf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{
sfo{x?sf] ;"rL tof/ u/]sf] / tL sfo{x? ;RofPsf] b]lvPg . ctM ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$
sf] lgod !@% adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg :jLs[t x'g'kb{5 .
75. k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjog – cfof]hgf lgb]{zgfnon] klxnf] / bf];|f] r/0fsf] cg'bfg Pj+ ;f;]s /f]8
sg]lS6le6L cfof]hgfsf] art /sdaf6 ?=*# s/f]8 *) nfv &! xhf/ vr{ u/L ljleGg :yfgsf] !
xhf/ @!) ls=ld= ;8ssf] lj:t[t 8«OË, l8hfOg, nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/]sf]df ?= ## s/f]8 %@ nfv
@( xhf/ vr{ u/L tof/ u/]sf] ! xhf/ !& ls=ld= sf] k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] 5 eg] ?=%)
s/f]8 @* nfv $@ xhf/ vr{ u/L tof/ u/]sf] k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf] b]lvPg .
sf7df8f}F pkTosf ;8s lj:tf/ cfof]hgf
76. nIo k|ult – sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf ;8sx? lj:tf/ ug{ ?=!@ ca{ @% s/f]8 $$ nfvsf] nfut nfUg]
cg'dfg u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ePsf]df @)&$.&% ;Dddf ?= ^ ca{ !$ s/f]8 $@ nfv vr{ eO{
;du|df $^=%& k|ltzt k|ult ePsf] 5 . :t/f]Gglt eO{ /x]sf ;8sx?dWo] hf]/kf6L–;'Gb/Lhnsf] #,
9f]nflx6L–n]n]sf] $, sd{gfzf vf]nf–uf]bfj/L Pj+ k]K;Lsf]nf–;Nnf3f/Lsf] ^, gVv' vf]nf–a'ªdtLsf] !(,
rfaxLn–hf]/kf6L–;fFv'sf] @!, Odf8f]n–l;l4k'/–nfdf6f/sf] #* tyf lqk'/]Zj/–sn+sL–gfu9'Ëf ;8ssf]
^@ k|ltztdfq k|ult b]lvPsfn] tf]lsPsf] ;dofjlwdf sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ ljz]if Wofg lbg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .

77. lgdf{0f:ynsf] Joj:yf – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod ^-#_ adf]lhd ;8s lj:tf/
;'wf/ ug'{ cl3 :jLs[t ;8s ;Ldf If]q vfnL u/fO{ vl/b sf/afxL z'? ug'{kg]{df $ k'n / !! ;8s
v08x?sf] sfd ug{ ## 7]Ssf Kofs]h :jLs[t u/L 7]Ssf jGbf]j:t u/]sf]df !! Kofs]hsf ;8ssf]
/]vfÍg :ki6 gePsf], # Kofs]hdf ?v s6fg ;DaGwL sfd gePsf], @ Kofs]hdf ljB't / 6]lnkmf]gsf]
vDaf ;fg]{ 7fpF gePsf] / ( Kofs]hdf lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] sfo{tflnsfadf]lhd sfd gu/]sf]n] #)
7]Ssfsf] sfd ;DkGg ug'{kg]{ z'? cjlw tyf yk ePsf] ;d]t (*=)* k|ltzt cjlw k"/f e} ;Sbf
sfdsf] k|ult !) b]lv %) k|ltzt dfq k'/f /x]sf] b]lvof] . ctM lgodfg';f/ lgdf{0f:ynsf] Joj:yf
ePkl5 dfq vl/b ;Demf}tf ug'{kb{5 .
78. sfo{ kl/jt{g – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@# df /lgª lan aLhssf] e'QmfgL
ubf{ ;Demf}tfdf tf]lsPsf] sfo{ k'/f u/]sf] cfwf/df ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . cfof]hgfn] ljleGg ;8s
lgdf{0fsf] 7]Ssf Kofs]hdf lgdf{0f Joj;foLx?nfO{ ;8s sfnf]kq] ug]{ sfo{df /x]sf] lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf]
cfO6dnfO{ ;f] sfo{ gu/fO{ k6s k6s dd{tsf] sfo{sf] ( Kofs]hdf ?=(@ nfv !% xhf/ ;Demf}tfdf
pNn]v ePsf] sfnf]kq] gu/L dd{tdf vr{ ug]{ ;DalGwtnfO{ lhDd]jf/L agfO{ :jLs[t sfo{qmd tyf
;Demf}tfcg';f/ sfo{ ug]{ JoJ:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
79. lgdf{0f Iflt – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !!@ df lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ lgdf{0f:yn
;'lDkPsf] lbgb]lv x:tfGt/0f kq hf/L ldlt;Dd x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf] Ifltsf] aLdf u/fO{ k]; ug'{kg]{
Joj:yf 5 . uf}zfnfb]lv Po/kf]6{ l;gfd+un;Ddsf] ;8s Po/kf]6{ u]6 cufl8 g]kfn gful/s p8\8og
k|flws/0fn] ejg lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ u/fpg 7]Ssfk§f u/fO{ sfdsf] lhDd]jf/L kfPsf lgdf{0f Joj;foLn]
ejg lgdf{0f ug]{ qmddf pQm v08sf] ;8s tyf k'm6kfy;d]t Iflt k'¥ofPsf] b]vfO{ cfof]hgfn] k6s
k6s sfdsf] ;'wf/ u/L ;8s k'g:yf{kgf ug{ kqfrf/ ubf{ ;d]t gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0fn] sfdsf]
;'wf/ gu/]sf] cj:yf bzf{O{ cfof]hgfn] g} pQm sfo{ ug{ ?=! s/f]8 ^^ nfvsf] nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t
u/L ?=^! nfv *@ xhf/df 7]Ssf aGbf]a:t u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ yfngL u/]sf] 5 . cGo lgsfojf6 ePsf]
;8s Ifltsf] sfddf ;'wf/ u/fpg] jf lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] aLdf bfaL u/L u/fpg'kg]{ sfddf ;d]t 5'§}
7]Ssf Kofs]h tof/ u/L vr{ u/fPsf] pQm /sd Iflt k'¥ofpg] kIfjf6} c;'n u/L sfd ;DkGg
u/fpg'kb{5 .
80. k'n lgdf{0f – jfudtL gbL / wf]aLvf]nfdf @ k'n lgdf{0f sfo{ l8hfOg P08 laN6 ;Demf}tf cGt{ut @
lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu qmdz ?=@! s/f]8 ## xhf/ / ?=!# s/f]8 !# nfv *% xhf/df $@ dlxgf / #^
dlxgfsf] cjlwdf sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . of] jif{;Dd jfudtL gbL k'ndf ?= ^ s/f]8
&& nfv #& xhf/ / wf]aLvf]nf k'ndf ?=& s/f]8 @( xhf/ vr{ eO{ ;s]sf]df jfudtL gbL k'nsf] @)
k|ltzt / wf]ljvf]nf k'nsf] $) k|ltzt ef}lts k|ult ePsf]df n]vfk/LIf0f cjlw;Dd 7]Ssfsf] Dofb
;dfKt ePsf] 5 . ;Demf}tf tyf sfo{tflnsfadf]lhd sfd gu/]sf] / nd;d k|s[ltsf] 7]Ssf ePklg
d"No ;dfof]hg ?=$% nfv *$ xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 .
pQm b'j} k'nsf] ;Demf}tfdf lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] !*) lbg leq l8hfOg k]; ug'{kg]{ / ;f] sf]
@! lbgleq :jLs[t u/L ;Sg'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . wf]aLvf]nfdf g]6js{ cfs{la|hsf] l8hfOg lgdf{0f
Joj;foLn] $%% lbgkl5 k]; u/]sf] / %^ lbgkl5 :jLs[t u/]sf]n] lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? x'g' cufj}
;Demf}tf cjlwsf] $@ k|ltzt -!% dlxgf_ Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] 5 . ;Demf}tf cjlwdf sfd gug]{nfO{
;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL tyf ;Demf}tfsf] Joj:yfadf]lhd sf/afxL ug'{kb{5 .
81. bf]xf]/f] e'QmfgL – lqk'/]Zj/–sn+sL ;8ssf] #=#* ls=ld=sf] ;8sdf ;8s lgdf{0f ug]{ lgdf{0f
Joj;foLsf] cf7f}+ lansf] sfdsf] gfkhf+r ubf{ Kofr sfo{ ! / @ tyf / ;f]xL :yfgdf ;a u|]8 sfo{sf]
5}7f+} lan;Dd e'QmfgL eO{ ;s]sf] & xhf/ (#=^# 3gld6/sf] ?=^* nfv #* xhf/ ;d]t cf7f}+ landf
;dfj]z u/L e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L a9L e'QmfgL /sd c;'n x'g'kb{5 .

/]n ljefu
82. /]Nj];DaGwL sfg'g – d]rL dxfsfnL ljB'tLo /]n dfu{, s]?ª–sf7df8f}F, sf7df8f}F–jL/uGh, sf7df8f}F–
kf]v/f /]n dfu{, df]gf]/]n, d]6«f] /]n, ef/tLo l;dfgf;Fu hf]8\g] /]n dfu{ lgdf{0f;DaGwL k|lqmof cufl8
a9]sf] eP klg o;nfO{ lgodg ug]{ Joj:yf /]Nj] P]g, @)@) df 5}g . /]Nj];DaGwL sfd ef}lts
k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfno /]n ljefu, sf7df8f}F÷nlntk'/ dxfgu/kflnsfn] ;d]t ul//x]sf]
b]lvG5 . ctM /]Nj] lgdf{0f, ;~rfng, lgodg ;DaGwdf ;d;fdlos sfg'gL Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
83. /]n dfu{sf] nfut – dGqfnodf ;g\ @))( df k/fdz{bftfn] k]; u/]sf] ;DefJotf cWoog k|ltj]bg
cg';f/ u8\8frf}sL–dxfb]j k'/L @)@=^^%, dxfb]jk'/L–dx'jf !#(=!^#, dx'jf–tD;/Lof !@#=%)),
tD;/Lof–rGb|lgufxk'/ !&^=(#&, rGb|lgufxk'/–nxfg !!(=!@(, nxfg–sfs8leQf !*#=*%),
tD;/Lof–cfFa' v}/xgL &!=&@(, kf]v/f–sf7df8f}F !*&=)*# / ef/tLo ;Ldfgf;Dd ln+s !!#=$!(
ls=ld= u/L !) v08sf] s'n ! xhf/ #!&=$&% ls=ld= /]ndfu{ lgdf{0f ug{ ?=^ va{ %$ ca{ !$ s/f]8
!@ nfv nfUg] pNn]v 5 . ljefun] lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/ ug{ lgo'Qm u/]sf k/fdz{bftfn]
ljleGg ^ v08 cGtu{t ^^* ls=ld= /]ndfu{ lgdf{0f ug{ ?=$ va{ ** ca{ @! s/f]8 *) nfv nfUg]
u/L k|ltj]bg k]; u/]sf] b]lvG5 . kf]v/f–sf7df8f}F !*&=)*# ls=ld= /]ndfu{ lgdf{0f ug{ ?= @ va{ *@
ca{ ($ s/f]8 #( nfv nfut nfUg] ;DefJotf cWoog k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePklg lj:t[t cfof]hgf
k|ltj]bg tof/ ePsf] kfOPg .
84. clwsf/ – g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf /fli6«o oftfoft gLlt, /]n tyf /fli6«o nf]sdfu{sf] Joj:yfkg sfo{
;+3sf] clwsf/ ;"rLdf /x]sf] 5 . g]kfndf /]ndfu{sf] lgdf{0f Pj+ lgodg ug]{ clwsf/ ef}lts k"jf{wf/
tyf oftfoft dGqfnosf] x'g] x'Fbf b]xfosf /]ndfu{sf] lgdf{0fdf dGqfnosf] ;+nUgtf;lxt ;dGjo ug]{
;+oGq tof/ ug'{kb{5 . .
84.1. Ps lrgLofF sG:6«S;g sDkgLn] u/]sf] k"j{ ;DefJotf cWoogcg';f/ ?=! va{ !^ ca{sf] nfutdf
sf7df8f}F / nlntk'/ dxfgu/kflnsfn] rqmkydf df]gf]/]n lgdf{0f ug]{ u/L ;xdlt ePsf] 5 . pQm
;xdlt cg';f/ lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/ ug{ ^ dlxgf / lgdf{0f ug{ # jif{ nfUg] cg'dfg /x]sf]
5 . pQm sfo{df ljefusf] ;dGjo x'g'kb{5 .
84.2. gfu9'Ëf–w'lnv]n d]6«f]/]nsf] lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/ ug{ nufgL af]8{n] ^ sDkgL ;"rLs[t
u/]sf] 5 . pQm /]ndfu{ sf] nDafO{ $% ls=ld= / nfut ?=# va{ !% ca{ nfUg] tyf lgdf{0f sfo{
lgdf{0f, ;~rfng / x:tfGt/0f ljlw -a'6_ x'g] pNn]v 5 .
85. ef/t;Fu ;Demf}tf – g]kfn / ef/t ;/sf/ aLr g]kfn / ef/tsf lgDg ^ :yfgnfO{ ef/tLo /]ndfu{df
hf]8\g] ;DaGwdf ;g\ @)!) km/j/L !^ df ;xdlt ePsf] b]lvG5M
nDafO{
l;=g+= /]n dfu{ ug'{kg]{ sfo{ kl5Nnf] k|ult
ls=ld=
! hogu/–lahnk'/f %! a|f]8 u]hdf ?kfGt/0f lgdf{0f sfo{ eO/x]sf]
@ ljhnk'/f–alb{jf; !& a|f]8 u]hdf lj:tf/ lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? gePsf]
# hf]ujgL–lj/f6gu/ !&=^% a|f]8 u]hdf lj:tf/ lgdf{0f sfo{ eO/x]sf]
$ gf}tgjf–e}/xjf * a|f]8 u]hdf lj:tf/ lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? gePsf]
% g]kfu~h /f]8–g]kfnu~h * a|f]8 u]hdf lj:tf/ lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? gePsf]
^ Go" hnkfO{ u'8L -ef/t_–sfFs8leQf kfgL6+sL ! a|f]8 u]hdf lj:tf/ lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? gePsf]
85.1. pko'{Qm v08dWo] hogu/–hgsk'/–alb{jf; tyf hf]ujgL–lj/f6gu/sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ef/tLo kIfaf6
eO{ /x]sf] eP tfklg cGo v08sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ePsf] 5}g . ef/tdf a|f]8u]h /]n lns eP klg
ljZjaf6 a|f]8u]h lns lj:yfkg x'g] qmddf /x]sf] / ef/tdf klg lj:yflkt ug{ yflnPsf] ;Gbe{df
a|f]8u]h /]ndfu{ lns lgdf{0f ug]{ ;DaGwdf k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .

85.2. /S;f}naf6 sf7df8f}F hf]8\g] /]ndfu{sf] k|f/lDes cWoog sfo{ -lkmN8 js{_ ef/tLo ;/sf/sf] nfutdf
;DkGg ePklg lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoog k|ltj]bg tof/ ePsf] 5}g .
86. s]?ª–sf7df8f}F /]n dfu{ – rLg ;/sf/sf] vr{df lrgLofF Ps Ol:6Ro'6n] sf7df8f}F–s]?ª /]ndfu{sf
k"j{ ;DefJotf cWoog u/L lbPsf] k|ltj]bgdf &@=@% ls=ld= /]ndfu{sf] (*=% k|ltzt efudf k'n /
6g]n x'g] u/L lgdf{0f ug{ ?=@ va{ %& ca{ nfut nfUg], lgdf{0f cjlw ( jif{ x'g] pNn]v 5 . ;f]
dfu{sf] lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/ ePsf] 5}g .
87. /]ndfu{sf] dfkb08 – cfof]hgfn] lgdf{0f ug]{ k"j{ klZrd /]ndfu{, sf7df8f}F jL/uGh /]ndfu{, s]?ª
sf7df8f}F /]ndfu{ tyf ef/tLo l;dfgfdf lgdf{0f x'g] ln+s /]ndfu{ g} cGttM cGt/f{li6«o:t/ /]ndfu{s}
;+hfnleq kg]{ x'Fbf lgdf{0f sfo{ cGt/f{li6«o:t/;Fu tfnd]n x'g] u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ x'g'kb{5 .
g]kfn h"g @)!@ df 6«fG; Pl;og /]ndfu{sf] ;b:o ePsf] cj:yfdf ef/tLo / lrgLofF
l;dfgf;Dd /]ndfu{ hf]l8g] k|j]z / alx{udg laGb' lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
88. cfof]hgf :jLs[lt – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @@ df k|:tfljt cfof]hgfsf]
;DefJotf cWoog / cfly{s, k|fljlws, jftfj/0fLo tyf k|zf;sLo pko'Qmtfsf] cfwf/df To;af6 x'g]
k|ltkmnsf] ;d]t aLrf/ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/af6 To:tf] cfof]hgf :jLs[t ePsf] x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . /]Nj]
ljsf; cfof]hgfn] alb{jf; sfFs8le§f v08 @^#=* ls=ld= sf] /]ndfu{sf] nflu ?= ! va{ &@ ca{ (*
s/f]8 nfut nfUg] u/L k/fdz{bftfn] tof/ u/]sf] lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg g]kfn ;/sf/df k];
gu/L dxflgb]{zs txaf6 :jLs[t ePsf] 5 .
89. jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg – jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf # df ljBdfg jftfj/0fLo
cj:yfdf kl/jt{g Nofpg ;Sg] lsl;dsf ljsf; sfo{, ef}lts lqmofsnfk jf e"–pkof]usf] kl/jt{g
ug]{ s'g} of]hgf, cfof]hgf jf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ubf{ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f, jftfj/0fLo
k/LIf0f tyf jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg u/fO{ jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t u/fpg' kg]{
Joj:yf 5 . /]Nj] ljsf; cfof]hgfn] ?= @ va{ @& ca{ !@ s/f]8 nfut ePsf Og?jf–sfFs8leQf,
O6x/L–lj/f6gu/ ln+s, alb{jf;–Og?jf, tD;/Lof–a'6jn v08sf] jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg pQm
dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t u/fPsf] kfOPg .
90. gD;{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !)-@_ df lgdf{0f sfo{sf] gD;{ dlGqkl/ifbaf6
:jLs[t u/fpg' kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ljefun] /]Nj] ;DaGwL lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu 5'§} gD;{ tyf
:k]l;lkms];g :jLs[t gu/L xfn k|rngdf /x]sf] ;8s lgdf{0f ;DaGwL gD;{ nfu" u/]sf] 5 . o:tf]
cj:yfdf ;xL nfut cg'dfg ePsf] tyf :k]l;lkms];gcg';f/ sfo{ ePsf] ;DaGwdf ljZj:t x'g]
cfwf/ ePg .
91. vl/bdf k|lt:kwf{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf * df vl/b ljlw 5gf}6, bkmf ( df v'Nnf
?kdf af]nkq cfXjfg, bkmf !) df af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotf ;DaGwdf / bkmf @^-^_ df
ldn]dtf] ePdf af]nkq /2 x'g] Joj:yf 5 . /]Nj] ljsf; cfof]hgfn] @)&$.&% df cfXjfg u/]sf] $
af]nkqsf] nfut cg'dfg / saf]n cÍsf] cj:yf lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5M
k'nsf] nfut cg'dfg ?= saf]n cÍ nfut cg'dfgsf] t'ngfdf
sfdsf] ljj/0f
;+Vof xhf/df ?= xhf/df saf]n cÍsf] k|ltzt
/]ndfu{df k'n lgdf{0f ug]{ # 814025 81,28,36 )=!% k|ltzt 36L
# 810758 80,97,63 )=!@ k|ltzt 36L
@ 670445 68,19,82 @=)& k|ltzt a9L
! 770270 76,87,38 )=@! k|ltzt 36L
hDdf ( 3065498 3,07,33,19
pQm tflnsfcg';f/ s'n nfut cg'dfg ?= # ca{ ^ s/f]8 %% nfv /x]sf]df ;Demf}tf /sd
?= # ca{ & s/f]8 ## nfv -)=!@ 36L b]lv @=)& k|ltzt a9L;Dd_ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm ( k'nsf]
lgdf{0f ug{ b'O{ j6f Kofs]hdf #÷#, Ps Kofs]hdf @ / b'O{ Kofs]hdf !÷! k'n ;dfj]z u/L 7]Ssf
Kofs]h tof/ u/]sf] cfwf/ b]lvPg . lglZrt lgdf{0f Joj;foL dfq of]Uo x'g] u/L 7"nf] Kofs]h agfPsf]
5 . tL 7]Ssfdf kof{Kt k|lt:kwf{ ePsf] ;'lglZrt x'g] cj:yf b]lvPg . kof{Kt k|lt:kwf{ x'g] u/L 7]Ssf
Kofs]h tof/ ug'{kb{5 .
92. jftf{åf/f vl/b – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @^-!_-v_ df Go'gtd d"NoflÍt ;f/e"t ?kdf
k|efju|fxL af]nkqsf] af]n cÍ nfut cg'dfgeGbf ;f/e"t ?kdf a9L ePdf af]nkq c:jLs[t ug{ jf
vl/b sf/afxL /2 ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .
/]Nj] ljsf; cfof]hgfn] afFs] gbL / eK;L gbLdf k'n lgdf{0f ug{ ?= ^& s/f]8 $ nfv $%
xhf/ nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t u/L af]nkq cfXjfg u/]sf]df k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍgaf6 Ps dfq
af]nkqbftf k|efju|fxL ePcg';f/ lghsf] ?= ^* s/f]8 !( nfv *@ xhf/ -nfut cg'dfgeGbf @=)&
k|ltzt_ a9Lsf] cfly{s k|:tfj :jLs[t ug{ l;kmfl/; ePsf]df cfof]hgfn] jftf{åf/f ?=! s/f]8 #)
nfv ! xhf/ 36fO{ ?= ^^ s/f]8 *( nfv *! xhf/df vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g
tyf lgodfjnLdf ;f/e"t ?kdf k|efju|fxL geP vl/b sf/afxL /2 ug]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] t/ jftf{åf/f
36f36 u/fpg] Joj:yf g/x]sf]n] pQm sfo{ P]g lgod cg's"n b]lvPg .
93. ax'jifL{o :jLs[lt – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod ^-!_ df ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] vl/bsf]
nflu cfjZos ah]6 Joj:yf geO{ vl/b sf/afxL z'? ug{ gx'g] Joj:yf 5 . cy{ dGqfnon]
@)&%.#.^ df ;e]{, l8hfOg, jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg, hUuf k|flKt, kf]nx? x6fpg] nufotsf lgdf{0f
k"j{sf r/0fx? k"/f ePsf cfof]hgfsf xsdf lgdf{0fsf] ax'jifL{o 7]Ssf nufpg :jLs[lt k|bfg u/]sf]
pNn]v ePsf]df cfof]hgfn] o; jif{ lgdf{0f k"j{sf r/0fx? k'/f gu/]sf]df ?=@ ca{ @ s/f]8 *)
nfvsf] # vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf] kfOof] .
94. sfo{ ;DkGg – k/fdz{bftfn] k]; u/]sf] lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoog k|ltj]bg cg';f/ l;d/f–alb{jf;
!)* ls=ld= tyf jL/uGh–l;d/f ln+s nfOg @*=$ ls=ld= lgdf{0f ug{ ?=() ca{ @! s/f]8 ^( nfv
nfut nfUg] cg'dfg /x]sf] 5 . l;d/f–abL{jf; v08df #) ls=ld= df 6«ofs a]8 tyf cGo l;len
;+/rgfx? lgdf{0f ug{ ?=# ca{ *& s/f]8 #@ nfvsf] !# vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf]df !@ ;Demf}tfdf ?=$
ca{ %@ s/f]8 (# nfv e'QmfgL ePklg lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5}g .
95. k/fdz{bftfsf] lhDd]jf/L – /]Nj] cfof]hgfn] k/fdz{bftfn] k]; u/]sf] lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bgdf
pNn]v u/]sf] kl/df0fsf] cfwf/df lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf]dWo] % df ?=@ ca{ $( s/f]8
$( nfvsf] ;Demf}tf ePsf]df ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf s]xL cfO6dsf] kl/df0fdf cToflws j[l4
eO{ ?=#! s/f]8 %* nfvsf] e]l/P;g cfb]z hf/L u/L ;Demf}tf /sd ?=@ ca{ *! s/f]8 & nfv
sfod ePsf] 5 . o;/L sfdsf] kl/df0f km/s k/]sf] ;DaGwdf k/fdz{bftfnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
oftfoft Joj:yf ljefu
96. ODaf]:8 gDa/ Kn]6 – kRrL; nfv ;jf/L;fwgdf ODaf]:8 gDa/ Kn]6 h8fg sfo{ ug{ Ps cGt/f{li6«o
;Knfo;{;Fu cd]l/sL 8n/ $ s/f]8 #& nfv *& xhf/ %)) -?=$ ca{ &* s/f]8 && nfv_ sf]
;Demf}tf ePsf]df sfo{ tflnsfcg';f/ @)&% r}q;Dd !# nfv && xhf/ %)) ;jf/L;fwgdf gDa/
Kn]6 /fVg'kg]{df $ xhf/ $)# -)=#@ k|ltzt_ dfq sfo{ ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 .
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf b]jgfu/L lnlkdf n]lvg] g]kfnL efiff ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiff x'g]
Joj:yf eP klg ;jf/L;fwgsf] ODaf]:8 gDa/ Kn]6df cIf/ / cÍ c+u|]hL efiffdf x'g] u/L ;Demf}tf
u/]sf] 5 . ODaf]:8 gDa/ Kn]6df c+u|]hL efiff pNn]v ug]{ ljifo ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf ljk/Lt ePsf]n]
ljt/0f gug{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 cfb]z eO{ ljt/0f sfo{ :ylut /x]sf] 5 .
cfk"t{s;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tfdf % jif{df @% nfv ;jf/L;fwgdf ODaf]:8 gDa/ Kn]6 ;KnfO{
u/L k;{gfnfOH8 ug'{kg]{ / pQm ;doleq sfo{ k"/f geP klg ;Demf}tf /sdsf] (% k|ltzt /sd
e'QmfgL ug]{ zt{ /x]sf] 5 . o;af6 sfof{jlw ;lsg nfUbf ;d]t k;{gfnfOH8 sfo{ x'g g;s]sf]n]

;Demf}tfcg';f/ ?=$ ca{ %$ s/f]8 @ nfv cltl/Qm bfloTj l;h{gf x'g] l:ylt /x]sf]n] sfd gePsf]
cj:yfdf pQm /sd e'QmfgL gug]{ Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
vl/b ;Demf}tfdf k;{gnfOH8 ;]G6/ ;~rfng nufot ;Knfo;{sf] sfof{nodf k|of]u ePsf]
lah'nLsf] e'QmfgL ;Knfo;{n] ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf /x]sf]df ljefun] 6«fG;km/d/ vl/b, nfO{g h8fg / ljB't
dx;'n;d]t ?=!^ nfv @# xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf]n] ;f] /sd ;Knfo;{jf6 c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
97. vr{sf] ;|]:tf – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #^-#_ df vr{ ubf{ vr{sf] lan e/kfO{
;lxt n]vf /fVg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . d]l;g/L cf}hf/ tyf pks/0fx? / On]S6«f]lgs ljB'tLo ;jf/Lrfns
cg'dltkq;d]t vl/bsf nflu Ps cGt/f{li6«o cfk"t{s;Fu cd]l/sL 8n/ ! nfv #! xhf/ (*% sf]
vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf]df of] jif{;Dd cd]l/sL 8n/ #( xhf/ %(% sf] x'g] ?=$! nfv !% xhf/
e'QmfgL u/]sf]df aLhs k]; gePsf], e'QmfgLdf s/ s§L gu/]sf] tyf sf/f]af/sf] n]vf ;|]:tf tof/
gu/]sf]n] vr{sf] oyfy{tf olsg ug{ ;lsPg .
98. oftfoft ;]jfsf] k~hLs/0f – ;jf/L tyf oftfoft Joj:yf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf (# tyf lgodfjnL,
@)%$ sf] lgod $$ df oftfoft ;]jfsf] gfd k~hLs[t u/L % jif{df gjLs/0f ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
n]vfk/LIf0fsf] nflu k]; ePsf] clen]vcg';f/ !# a; ;]jf, # lhk ;]jf, @ 9'jfgL ;]jf, ! 6«s ;]jfsf]
dfq k~hLs/0f u/]sf] b]lvof] . oftfoft ;]jfsf] k~hLs/0f sfo{ k|efjsf/L /x]sf] b]lvPg .
99. a9L e'QmfgL – ljefun] of] jif{ eLcf/P; / l8Pncf/P;sf] tYofÍ lk|G6 ug{ dftxtsf sfof{nodf %^
nfv ^@ xhf/ ;]6 O{–lan k7fPsf]df Ps kmd{nfO{ %# nfv (( xhf/ ;]6sf] ?=! s/f]8 () nfv %&
xhf/ / csf]{ Ps kmd{nfO{ !@ nfv #* xhf/ ;]6sf] ?=@# nfv $) xhf/ ;d]t hDdf ^^ nfv #&
xhf/ ;]6 O{ lansf] lk|G6 vr{ ?=@ s/f]8 !# nfv (& xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . pQm lan ;+Vof
ljefun] dftxtsf sfof{nox?nfO{ k7fPsf] ;+Vof eGbf ( nfv &! xhf/ ;]6 a9L b]lvPsf] / pQm
kl/df0fsf] d"No ?= #* nfv &$ xhf/ b]lvPsf]n] a9L lk|G6 u/]sf] b]vfO{ e'QmfgL lnPsf] pQm /sd
;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
100. /fh:j lx;fa – ljefu / dftxt sfof{nox?df ;jf/L;fwgx?sf] btf{, gjLs/0f nufotsf] sfo{
lecf/P; / On]S6«f]lgs ljB'tLo ;jf/Lrfns cg'dltkq ;ˆ6j]o/ dfkm{t ug]{ u/L /fh:j ;d]t
a'lemlng] u/]sf]df dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] /fh:j ;ˆ6j]o/ / ljefu
dftxtsf sfof{nox?n] ;~rfngdf NofPsf] ;ˆ6j]o/af6 !! sfof{nox?n] dxfn]vf lgoGqs
sfof{non] b]vfPsf] eGbf ?=#$ nfv *( xhf/ 36L / & sfof{non] ?=$% nfv #! xhf/ a9L c;'nL
b]vfPsf]n] /fh:jsf] lx;fa km/s k/]sf] b]lvof] . ;ˆ6j]o/df ;'wf/ u/L /fh:j c;'nLdf Ps?ktf
sfod ug'{kb{5 .
101. ;jf/Lrfns cg'dtLkq – ljefu / dftxt sfof{nojf6 ;jf/L rfns cg'dtLkq ;DaGwL sfo{x?
;~rfng x'g] u/]sf] 5 . ;fljsdf lbg] u/]sf] ;jf/Lrfns cg'dtLkqsf] ;§f :df6{sf8{ lbg] Joj:yf
u/]sf] 5 . n]vfk/LIf0fsf] qmddf ;jf/Lrfns cg'dltkq lngsf] nflu kl/Iff pQL0f{ ePsf !) nfv
!# xhf/ hgfn] :df6{ sf8{ kfO;Sg'kg]{df # nfv (( xhf/n] dfq kfPsf] cj:yf 5 . k/LIff pQL0f{
ug]{n] /fh:j j'emfPsf] ( dlxgf;Dd sf8{ kfPsf] b]lvPg . ;jf/Lrfnsn] cg'dltkqsf] nflu /fh:j
a'emfPsf] /l;bsf] cfwf/df ;jf/L;fwg rnfpFb} cfPsf] l:ylt 5 . :df6{ sf8{ tTsfn lbg g;lsg]
cj:yf c:yfoL ?kdf eP klg cg'dltkq lk|G6 / ljt/0f;DaGwL Joj:yfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg'kb{5 .
;+ul7t ;+:yf
;8s af]8{ g]kfn
;8ssf] lgoldt, k6s], cfjlws tyf csl:ds dd{t ;Def/ ug{ pQm ;8sdf rNg] ;jf/L;fwgx?df
b:t'/ nufO{ p7fpg] Joj:yf ug{ ;8s af]8{ P]g, @)%* adf]lhd @)%(.#.@$ df ;8s jf]8{sf] :yfkgf ePsf]
xf] .

102. ;DklQ d"NofÍg – ;DklQ Pj+ bfloTjsf] ;xL d"NofÍg u/L jf;nft tof/ ug{' kb{5 . af]8{n] o;jif{
dd{t ;Def/sf nflu lbPsf] k]:sL afFsL, a}s df}Hbft, gub df}Hbft / ejg lgdf{0f k]:sL ;d]t ?=$^
nfv ;d]t ?=^ cj{ (! s/f]8 @$ nfv ;DklQdf b]vfPsf] 5 . l:y/ ;Dkltdf df]6/ ;fOsn !!
;d]t !^ ;jf/L;fwgsf] d"No / lgdf{0fflwg ejgsf] s'n vr{ ?=!@ s/f]8 #^ nfv jf;nftdf
gb]vfPaf6 ljQLo ljj/0fn] ;DklQ / bfloTjsf] oyfy{ lrq0f u/]sf] 5}g .
103. a9L e'QmfgL – ;8s af]8{ lgb]{lzsf, @)^! cg';f/ ;8s dd{t ;Def/sf] lgsf;f lbPsf] /sd sfo{
;DkGg ePkl5 afFsL /sd lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . af]8{n] @)&#÷&$ df l8lehg ;8s sfof{no,
lrtjgnfO{ 6f]n km08 cGtu{t lgsf;f lbPsf] /sddWo] # 7]Ssfdf sfo{ ;DkGg u/]sf] eGbf ?=@
s/f]8 #$ nfv &^ xhf/ a9L vr{ u/]sf] b]lvPsf]n] pQm /sd lkmtf{ ug'{kb{5 . o;/L a9L e'QmfgL ug]{
104. a9L vr{ – ;8s dd{t ;Def/sf nflu :jLs[t sfo{qmd Pj+ ah]6eGbf & lgsfon] ?=& s/f]8 %$
nfv $# xhf/ a9L vr{ u/]sf]df af]8{n] a9L vr{ /sd bfloTjdf b]vfPsf] 5 . :jLs[t ah]6 tyf
sfo{qmdeGbf a9L vr{ ug]{ lgsfonfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ sfo{qmd ;+zf]wg a]u/ a9L vr{ k|ltj]bg
:jLsf/ ug{ ldNg] b]lvPg .
105. b:t'/ ;Íng – af]8{n] k|ltlbg sDtLdf ()) ;jf/L;fwg rNg] ;8sdWo]af6 pko'Qm b]lvPsf] ;8s
5gf}6 u/L ;8s b:t'/ p7fpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n]
@)%^.^.# df ( / @)^&.#.!& df @ u/L !! ;8s v08df rNg]] ;jf/L;fwgaf6 b:t'/ c;'n ug{
/fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/]sf] ePklg af]8{n] rf/ ;8s v08af6 dfq b:t'/ ;Íng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
tL $ ;8saf6 @)&@.&# df ?=( s/f]8 ( nfv, @)&#.&$ df ?=( s/f]8 %& nfv / @)&$.&% df
?=!) s/f]8 ^* nfv cfDbfgL u/]sf] 5 . ;8s ljefuaf6 k|sflzt ;8s 8fo/L @)&#.&$ cg';f/
cf};t b}lgs ()) eGbf a9L ;jf/L;fwg rNg] !@* :6];gx? /x]sf 5g\ . /fhkqdf k|sflzt
:yfgdWo] & :yfgdf ;8s b:t'/ c;'n ug]{ Joj:yf gu/]sf sf/0f ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt x'g] ;a} /sd
k|fKt ePsf] 5}g .
106. ;8s b:t'/ – ;8s af]8{ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf ^ df g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L
;f]xL ;"rgfdf tf]lsPsf] ;8s pkef]u ug]{ ;jf/L;fwgnfO{ b:t'/ nufpg ;Sg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .
g]kfn ;/sf/n] @)%^.^.# df /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L ( :yfgsf] ;8s v08sf] nflu xn'sf
;jf/L;fwgsf] ?=@@.—b]lv ?=&%.—, ef/L ;jf/L;fwgsf] $@.— tf]s]sf] 5 . pQm b/df @)%& / @)^(
df b'O{ ;8s v08 yk u/L b:t'/sf] b/ klg ;+zf]wg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;+zf]lwt b/ cg';f/ ;fljssf]
b/ 36fO{ x]6f}F8f–gf/fo0f3f6 ;8s v08df qmdzM #).—, @).—, %.— / gf/fo0f3f6 a'6jn ;8s
v08df ?=$).—, #).—, %.— sfod u/]sf]n] b/df ;dofg's"n ;+zf]wg u/]sf] 5}g . af]8{sf] l;kmfl/;df
;8s b:t'/ j[l4 ug{ cy{ dGqfnon] @)&$.!).!( df ztk|ltzt j[l4 ug{ ;xdlt lbPsf]df ;f]
sfof{Gjog gu/L k'gM !$ :yfgdf gofF ;8s ;xof]u b:t'/ k|:tfj u/L ;xdlt dfu u/]sf]df
@)&%.!!.^ df cy{ dGqfnon] ;xdlt lbP tfklg k'/fg} b/cg';f/ ;Íng u/]sf] 5 . ;+zf]lwt b/
cg';f/ /fh:j c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
107. cfo 7]Ssf – ;8s b:t'/ c;'n ug{sf] nflu af]8{n] o; jif{ x]6f}F8f—gf/fo0fu9 / e}/xjf—e"dxL ;8s
v08df ! jif{sf] nflu ?= $ s/f]8 ## nfvdf 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df b]xfo adf]lhd b]lvPsf] 5 .
107.1. gf/fo0fu9b]lv x]6f}F8f v08-r]g]h #(^ b]lv $&# ;Dd_ / e}/xjfb]lv e"dxL ;8s v08 -r]g]h ) b]lv
@(=!%) ;Dd_ sf] 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ug{ af]8{n] ;8s ljefun] k|sfzg u/]sf] b}lgs ;jf/L ;+VofnfO{
cfwf/ lnO{ klxnf] jif{ x]eL ;jf/L;fwgsf] ?=#).— / xn'sf ;jf/Lsf] ?=@).— sf b/n] x'g] /sd /
bf];|f] jif{sf] nflu &=% k|ltzt j[l4 u/L @ jif{sf] nflu?=!^ s/f]8 ^% nfv $& xhf/sf] nfut
cg'dfg :jLs[t u/L @)&$.(.@# df #) lbg cjlw lbO{ af]nkq dfu ubf{ af]nkq gk/]sf]n] af]8{n] k'gM
# k6s;Dd ;"rgf k|sfzg ubf{ klg af]nkq gk/]sf] sf/0f ;8s ljefuaf6 @)&$.!@.@^ df @
:yfgsf] ;jf/L;fwg u'8\g] cj:yfsf] tYofª\s lnO{ ! jif{sf] nflu ?=# s/f]8 %% nfv *! xhf/sf]
;+zf]lwt nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/]sf] b]lvof] . ;+zf]lwt nfut cg'dfg cg';f/ af]8{n] @)&%.!.!( df
;"rgf k|sfzg ubf{ kg{ cfPsfdWo] a9L saf]n ug]{ @ af]nkqbftfsf] ?=$ s/f]8 ^# nfv ## xhf/sf]
k|:tfj :jLs[t u/L @)&%.!.#! / @)&%.@.# df ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 .
107.2. af]8{n] cfosf] 7]Ssf Joj:yfkg ubf{ ;8s ljefun] k|sfzg u/]sf] b}lgs ;jf/L u'8]sf] -6«flkms_
;+VofnfO{ cfwf/ lnO{ nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . ;8s ljefusf] tYof+s cg';f/ dflysf] b'O{
7]Ssfdf xn'sf / ef/L ;jf/L;fwg ;d]t cf};t b}lgs !@ xhf/ @!# ;jf/L cfjfudg x'g] b]lvPsf]n]
;f]xL cg';f/ nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/]sf]df af]nkq gk/]sf] sf/0f af]8{n] k'gM Ps dlxgfe/ ;8s
ljefu dfkm{t tYofÍ ;Íng ug{ nufPsf] / ljefun] b}lgs ;jf/L cfjfudg cf};t % xhf/ #^%
ePsf] laj/0f k]; u/]sf]n] ;f]xL cfwf/df ef/L ;jf/L;fwgsf] ?=#).— / xn'sf ;jf/L;fwgsf] ?=@).—
sf b/n] ?=# s/f]8 %% nfv *! xhf/sf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/]sf] b]lvof] . z'?sf] nfut cg'dfg
cg';f/ klxnf] jif{sf] nfut cg'dfg ?=* s/f]8 @ nfv ^$ xhf/ /x]sf]df ;+zf]lwt nfut cg'dfg
%%=^& k|ltztn] 36fO{ ?=# s/f]8 %% nfv *! xhf/ sfod u/]sf] b]lvof] .
108. ;+/rgf k'g/fjnf]sg – ;8s af]8{ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf % af]8{sf sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tf]lsPsf]
5 . af]8{n] ;8s pkef]u u/]afktsf] b:t'/, ;jf/L;fwgdf k|of]u x'g] OGwgdf nufPsf] b:t'/, ;jf/L
btf{ k|df0fkqdf nufPsf] b:t'/ / ljb]zdf btf{ ePsf g]kfn /fHoleq k|j]z ug]{ ;jf/L;fwgdf
nufPsf] b:t'/ p7fpg ;s]sf] 5}g . gofF ;jf/L;fwg btf{ ubf{ ;8s ;Def/ b:t'/ oftfoft ;]jf
sfof{nox?n] c;'n ug]{ u/]sf] / OGwgdf nfUg] z'Ns eG;f/ sfof{nox?n] c;'n ug]{ u/]sf] 5 .
af]8{n] ;8s dd{t ;Def/ ;DaGwL u'0f:t/ tf]Sg], ;8s dd{t ;Def/ sfo{sf] ;'k/Lj]If0f ug{],
;a} ;8sx? af]8{sf] sfo{If]qdf Nofpg]], ;8s / k'nsf] ;"rL tyf tYofª\s tof/ ug]{, ;8ssf]
juL{s/0f ug]{ / ;8s dd{t tyf ;Def/sf] nflu gD;{ tyf dfkb08 lgwf{/0f u/L k|sfzg ug]{ h:tf
sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . ctM af]8{sf] k'g;+/{rgf x'g'kb{5 .
cg'udg tyf a]?h"
• cg'udgM ut jif{sf] k|ltj]bgdf gLlt th'{df, ah]6 jStJosf] sfof{Gjog, k'FhLut ah]6 vr{, ;8ssf]
clen]v, sfo{ If]q aflx/sf sfo{, sfo{qmd :jLs[lt, /sdfGt/ Pj+ ;|f]tfGt/, ;|f]t ;'lglZrttf, ;8s ;Ldf,
vl/bdf k|lt:kwf{, cw'/f lgdf{0f sfo{, cfof]hgf :jLs[lt, slG6Gh]G;L vr{, k/fdz{ ;]jf, ;dGjo /
lgdf{0f:yn, k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{, cfO6d e]l/P;g, gD;{, vl/b ;Demf}tf cGTo, ah]6 a]u/ vl/b, d"No
;dfof]hg, ;fwg ;|f]tsf] ;b'kof]u, sfddf bf]xf]/f]kg, lgdf{0f sfo{sf] u'0f:t/, l8hfOg P08 laN8, cw'/f
k'n, q'l6k"0f{ l8hfOg nufotsf Joxf]/fx? ;dfj]z ul/Psf]df ;f] sf] sfof{Gjog ePsf] kfOPg .
• a]?h" l:ylt – of] jif{ dGqfno / dftxt lgsfosf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] a]?h"sf] l:ylt b]xfocg';f/ 5M
➢ ;/sf/L sfof{notk{m !$* lgsfodf ?=@) ca{ &( s/f]8 $# nfv !% xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df
k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fPkl5 @# lgsfon] ?=!@ s/f]8 ^^ nfv ^( xhf/ km5\of}6{ u/]sf]n]
?=@) ca{ ^^ s/f]8 &^ nfv $^ xhf/ afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=!^ ca{ %& s/f]8 *( nfv %&
xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL !% df 5 .
➢ cGo ;+:yf ! tk{m ?=@ s/f]8 ($ nfv ## xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fPkl5
km5\of}{6 gu/]sf]n] afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL !^ df 5 .

dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf Ho]i7 gful/s dGqfno
dGqfnosf] sfo{If]qdf gLlt, of]hgf / sfo{qmd th'{df Pj+ sfof{GjogÙ cgfy afnaflnsf, c;xfo
dlxnf, j[4j[4f, Ho]i7 gful/s, ckfË / czQmsf] ;+/If0fÙ ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb / ;/sf/L Pj+ u}/;/sf/L ;+3
;+:yfåf/f ;~rflnt sfo{qmdsf] d"NofÍg tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] ;dGjo, kl/rfng / cg'udg nufotsf
sfo{ /x]sf 5g\ . lhNnf l:yt dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no cl:tTjdf g/x]kl5 dGqfno tyf ljefuaf6
;]jf k|jfx x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
dGqfno / dftxt lgsfosf] of] jif{ ljlgof]hg ?=! ca{ $( s/f]8 ( nfv #% xhf/, /fh:j ?=%(
nfv *# xhf/, w/f}6L ?=! s/f]8 (# nfv *% xhf/ / cGo sf/f]af/ ?=! ca{ !$ s/f]8 *^ nfv &&
xhf/;d]t ?=@ ca{ ^^ s/f]8 $(nfv *) xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . dGqfno dftxtsf cGo
;+:yf ! / ;ldlt ! ;d]tsf] ?=% s/f]8 ^$ nfv *) xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;f] sf/f]af/sf]
1. gLlt tyf sfo{qmd — rf}wf}F of]hgfdf Ho]i7 gful/s;DaGwL /fli6«o gLlt th'{df / ;do ;fk]If P]g
sfg'gsf] kl/dfh{g ug]{, Ho]i7 gful/ssf] nflu k|bfg ul/g] ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] dfkb08 lgwf{/0f u/L ;'ljwf
pknAw u/fpg], k|To]s k|b]zdf slDtdf Pp6f ;'ljwf;DkGg j[4f>d ;~rfng ug]{ pNn]v eP tfklg
dGqfnosf] jflif{s sfo{qmddf tL ljifo ;dfj]z u/]sf] b]lvPg . cfjlws of]hgf tyf ah]6n] lgwf{/0f
u/]sf] gLltcg';f/sf sfo{qmd tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
2. u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] cg'udg – g]kfn ;/sf/ sfo{ ljefhg lgodfjnL, @)&$ df -dlxnf, afnaflnsf
tyf Ho]i7 gful/s_ dGqfnon] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;dGjo tyf kl/rfng
u/L u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfåf/f sfof{Gjog ul/Psf sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . of] jif{ ;dfh
sNof0f kl/ifb\af6 sfo{qmd ;~rfng, :jLs[lt / cg'udg x'g] u/L k|:tfj :jLs[t eO{ dGqfnodf k];
eP cg';f/ ! jif{b]lv % jif{leq vr{ ug{] u/L @# b]zsf (* cGt/f{li6«o u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfn] lzIff,
:jf:Yo, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf, e"sDk k|efljt JolQm, ;d'bfo ljsf;, g]t[Tj ljsf;, afnkf]if0f,
k"jf{wf/ ljsf;, dfgj t:s/L lgoGq0fnufotsf If]qdf k|:tfj u/]cg';f/ ?=@! ca{ ^ s/f]8 &$
nfvsf] sfo{qmd :jLs[t u/]sf] b]lvof] . kl/of]hgf k|:tfjcg';f/ vr{ u/] gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf cg'udg
u/]sf] clen]v k]; ePsf] 5}g . k|efjsf/L cg'udg ;+oGqsf] cefjdf nlIft ju{df k/]sf] k|efj
dfkg x'g ;Sg] b]lvPg . ;+:yfdfkm{t x'g] sfo{qmd / ultljlwsf] lg/Gt/ cg'udg x'g'kb{5 .
3. cg'bfg ljt/0f – ;+:yfnfO{ lbOg] cg'bfg;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&# df dGqfnon] ;+:yfnfO{ cg'bfg
pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf 5 . dGqfnon] cjwf/0ffkq, ef}lts ;+/rgf, hgzlQm tyf ;DalGwt If]qsf]
cg'ej, cfly{s sf/f]af/, cfGtl/s ;|f]t kl/rfng, :yfgLo ;|f]t kl/rfng;d]tsf cfwf/df k|:tfj
d"NofÍg u/L ;+:yf 5gf}6 u/]sf] 5 . dGqfnon] of] jif{ !@ ;+:yfnfO{ rfn' cg'bfg ?=@ s/f]8 #^
nfv / k'FhLut cg'bfg ?=! s/f]8;d]t ?=# s/f]8 #^ nfv k|bfg u/]sf] b]lvof] . s]xL gofF ;+:yfn]
;fgf] kl/df0fdf cg'bfg kfP klg clwsf+z a9L ah]6 x'g] / ljutsf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ ;+:yfnfO{
lg/Gt/tf lbFb} cfPsf] 5 . sfo{;~rfng bIftf tyf Ifdtfsf cfwf/df gofF ;+:yf;d]t k|j]z ug]{ u/L
cg'bfg ljt/0f k|0ffnL Jojl:yt ug'{kb{5 . cg'bfg ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf cGo Joxf]/f lgDg 5g\M
3.1. dGqfnon] /fli6«o ckfË sf]ifnfO{ 3'F8f;Dd / ;f]eGbf dflysf] s[lqd v'§f, s'lxgf;Dd / ;f]eGbf
dflysf] s[lqd xft, 3'F8f uf]lnufF7fsf] cyf]{l;;nufotsf ;fdu|L vl/b u/L ljt/0f ug{ ?=@% nfv /
;xfos ;fdu|L ljt/0f ug{ ?=!) nfv;d]t ?= #% nfv cg'bfg lbPsf] b]lvof] . ;fdfg vl/b tyf
ljt/0f u/]sf] ljj/0f tyf vr{ k'i6\ofOF ug]{ k|df0f;lxt cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] !% lbgleq k|ult
k|ltj]bg k]; ug'{kg]{ zt{;lxtsf] ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df bf];|f] / clGtd ls:tf lgsf;f lbFbf vl/b sfo{sf]
ljj/0f / kf/blz{tf k'li6 x'g] sfuhft k]; u/]sf] 5}g . /fli6«o ckfË sf]ifsf] cfo ljj/0f cg';f/ o;
dGqfno, o'jf tyf v]ns'b dGqfno / ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\af6 cfosf] #% k|ltztn] x'g] ?=&) nfv
cg'bfg;d]t s'n cfo ?=! s/f]8 (* nfv b]lvG5 . s'n cfDbfgLsf] #% k|ltzt ;/sf/L If]qsf]
of]ubfg /x]sf] lgsfon] cjnDag u/]sf] vl/b ljlw tyf ;xfos ;fdu|L ljt/0f sfo{sf] cg'udg
u/]sf] 5}g . cg'udg k|0ffnL ;'b[9 u/L vr{ tyf ljt/0f Joj:yf;d]t kf/bzL{ / ldtJooL
agfpg'kb{5 .
3.2. dGqfno / Go"gtd ;'ljwfljxLg afnaflnsfsf nflu z}lIfs sfo{qmd -o';]k_ g]kfnsf aLr afn ;'wf/
u[x ;~rfng ug{ ;Demf}tf ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ eQmk'/, lj/f6gu/ / kf]v/fdf afn ;'wf/
u[x ;~rfng ug{ ?=$% nfv $# xhf/ lgsf;f ePsf] 5 . pQm tLg ;'wf/ u[xdf IfdtfeGbf a9L x'g]
u/L afnaflnsf cfl>t /x]sf] b]lvG5 . IfdtfeGbf a9L afnaflnsf /fVbf cfr/0f ;'wf/ tyf lzIff
bLIff k|bfg ug]{ sfo{;d]t c;xh x'g] cj:yf 5 . Go"gtd cfwf/e"t afn clwsf/ ;'lglZrt x'g] u/L
ef}lts ;'ljwf Joj:yfkg ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfosf] Wofg hfg'kb{5 .
4. sfo{;~rfng sf]if – dGqfnodf /x]sf dfgj a]rlavg kLl8t k'g:yf{kgf sf]ifdf ?=! s/f]8 (@ nfv
*! xhf/, n}lËs lx+;f lgjf/0f sf]ifdf ?=% s/f]8 ^% nfv #@ xhf/ / Psn dlxnf sf]ifdf ?=$
s/f]8 !^ nfv !* xhf/;d]t ?=!! s/f]8 &$ nfv #! xhf/ df}Hbft /x]sf] b]lvG5 . To;}u/L
dGqfnosf] gfddf Pe/]i6 a}Í lnld6]8, l;+xb/af/df /x]sf] % sf]if vftfdf cfly{s jif{sf] cGtdf ?=^
s/f]8 %! nfv ! xhf/ df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 . dGqfnosf] gfddf b'O{ km/s km/s k|s[ltsf sfo{;~rfng
sf]if /x]sf] tyf Psn vftf k|0ffnL nfu" eO;Sbf;d]t 5'§} a}Ídf sf]if vftf sfod eO{ df}Hbft;d]t
/x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . 5'§} ?kdf /x]sf] sf]if vftfx? PsLs[t u/L ;~rfng ug'{kb{5 .
dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ljefucGt{ut ;fljssf &% dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{nosf]
gfddf /x]sf] n}lËs lx+;f lgjf/0f, Psn dlxnf ;'/Iff, cfktsfnLg afn p4f/, dfgj a]rljvg
k'g:yf{kgf, Ho]i7 gful/s / cGo sf]ifdf ?=$ s/f]8 (^ nfv (# xhf/ df}Hbft /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{nox? :yfgLo txdf x:tfGt/0f eO;s]sf]n] pQm sf]ifdf df}Hbft /x]sf]
/sd ;DaGwdf cfjZos lg0f{o ug'{kb{5 .
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg l:ylt
g]kfndf sfdw]g' rvf{ gfdn] klxnf] u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf;Fu} u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfx?sf] ljsf;
/ lj:tf/ k|f/De ePsf] dflgG5 . d'n'ssf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs ljsf;df ;/sf/sf] ;fem]bf/ cËsf] ?kdf
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] x'G5 . ;j{;fwf/0f gful/ssf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg /fli6«o
cfjZostf / k|fyldstf k|fKt If]qdf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?af6 kl/rfng ePsf] ;|f]t ;fwg pkof]u ;DaGwdf
ePsf] cg'udg l:yltsf] d"NofÍg ug]{ p2]Zon] sfo{d"ns n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] 5 . n]vfk/LIf0fsf qmddf
ljj/0f ;Íng, k|ZgfjnLsf] hjfkm ljZn]if0f / ;/f]sf/jfnf;Fu 5nkmn u/L of] k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f b]xfoadf]lhd 5g\M
5. ;+:yfbtf{ / gjLs/0f – ;+:yfbtf{ P]g, @)#$ sf] bkmf $ -!_ df u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwL
Joj:yf 5 . ;+:yf btf{ lgodfjnL, @)#$ sf] lgod % df btf{sf] k|df0fkq Ps jif{;Dd axfn /xg] /
cjlw ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] # dlxgfleq gjLs/0f u/fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . btf{ tyf gjLs/0f ;DaGwL
PsLs[t s]Gb|Lo clen]v /fv]sf] b]lvPg . n]vfk/LIf0fsf qmddf && lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 k|fKt
ljj/0fcg';f/ ;+:yf btf{, gjLs/0f / k|ltj]bg k]; ug]{ ;+:yfsf] l:ylt lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5M
;dfh sNof0f kl/ifbdf cfj4
s'n gjLs/0f ug]{ ;+:yf n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg k]z
cf=j= u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf aflif{s k|ltj]bg k]; u/]sf]
u/]sf]
;+:yf ;+Vof ;+Vof
;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt
2072/73 76713 17595 22.93 43807 3,650 8.33 2,250 5.13
2073/74 80538 19776 24.55 46138 3,762 8.15 2,655 5.75
2074/75 1,06,092 18,726 17.65 48,273 3,054 6.33 1,108 2.29

gjLs/0f u/fpg] ;+:yf Go"g /x]sf] / gjLs/0f u/fpg]dWo] jflif{s k|ltj]bg / n]vfk/LIf0f
k|ltj]bg k]; ug]{ ;+:yf klg Hofb} Go"g /x]sf]df cg'udg u/L sf/afxL u/]sf] b]lvPg . cfjZos
cg'udg tyf lgodg u/L n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fpg] ;+:yfnfO{ sfg'gL sf/afxLsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg'kb{5 .
6. kl/of]hgf ;Demf}tf – ;dfh sNof0f lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod !@ df ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\n]
g]kfnleq ;dfh sNof0f;DaGwL sfddf ;xof]u ug{ rfxg] cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfnfO{ cg'dlt lbg] /
g]kfnleq sfd ug{' cl3 kl/ifb\;Fu ;Demf}tf ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . kl/ifbåf/f hf/L j}b]lzs ;xof]u
:jLs[lt;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&! sf] aF'bf g+ % df ;+3;+:yfåf/f j}b]lzs ;xof]udf sfo{qmd, kl/of]hgf
;~rfng ug'{k"j{ kl/ifb\af6 :jLs[lt glnO{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sf]df Ps k6ssf nflu j}b]lzs
;xof]u vr{ /sd cg'df]bg k|lqmofdf /fvL ;+:yfnfO{ ;r]t u/fO{ k'gM bf]xf]l/Pdf b08fTds sf/afxL
ul/g] Joj:yf 5 . k|fKt ljj/0fadf]lhd @)&@.&# df ^#! ;+:yf;Fu ?=@# ca{ ^# s/f]8 #$ nfv *
xhf/, @)&#.&$ df &$& ;+:yf;Fu ?=!* ca{ (% s/f]8 !^ nfv ^) xhf/ / @)&$.&% df &@#
;+:yf;Fu ?=@) ca{ ! s/f]8 $@ nfv &$ xhf/sf] kl/of]hgf ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 .
kl/of]hgf :jLs[t gu/fO{ @)&@.&# df $@ ;+:yfn] ?=^! s/f]8 ** nfv *( xhf/,
@)&#.&$ df !%* ;+:yfn] ?=! ca{ %@ s/f]8 &@ nfv @) xhf/ / @)&$.&% df ^# ;+:yfn] ?=$
ca{ @# s/f]8 %% nfv !! xhf/;d]t ut # cfly{s jif{df ?=^ ca{ #* s/f]8 !^ nfv @) xhf/
;f]em} bftf jf cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf;Fu ;Demf}tf u/L vr{ u/]sf] b]lvof] . kl/of]hgf :jLs[t
gu/fO{ g]kfn ckfË dlxnf ;+3 sf7df8f}n] P=h]=8ANo'=P;=-cd]l/sf_ af6 @)&$.&% df ?=# ca{ #&
s/f]8 !$ nfv $$ xhf/ k|fKt u/L e"sDkkZrftsf] k'g:yf{kgfdf ckfË dlxnfsf] ;zQmLs/0f
sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]kl5 cg'df]bgsf nflu k]; u/]sf] 5 . cy{ dGqfnosf] ;xfotf Joj:yfkg ;"rgf
k|0ffnL -P=Pd=kL_df ;d]t ;xfotf /sd gb]vfO{ ;f]em} bftf;Fu ;Demf}tf u/L sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{
sfo{n] ljQLo cg'zf;g sdhf]/ x'g], k|fyldstf k|fKt If]qdf ;xof]u kl/rfng gx'g] tyf ;/sf/sf]
lgoGq0faf6 aflx/ /xg] l:ylt b]lvPsf] 5 . :jLs[lt glnO{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ / cg'df]bgsf nflu
k]; ug{ ;lsg] ljBdfg Joj:yf ;fGble{s b]lvFb}g . k"j{:jLs[lt glnO{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{nfO{
b08fTds sfo{afxLsf] Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
7. ;xfotf /sd – ;dfh sNof0f lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod @) df g]kfnleq sfd ug{ cg'dlt k|fKt
cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfn] a}Ídf s]Gb|Lo vftf vf]nL /sd hDdf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . To;}u/L
;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\ kl/of]hgf ;Demf}tf;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&! sf] a'Fbf !& df kl/of]hgf
;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ePsf] ;xfotf kl/ifb\ tyf cy{ dGqfnodf /x]sf] ljB'tLo ;e{/, ;xfotf
Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLdf 8f6f k|ljli6 ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín] o:tf ;+:yfsf] s]Gb|Lo
vftfdf hDdf ePsf] /sdsf] s]Gb|Lo clen]v /fv]sf] b]lvPg .
;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\ cy{ dGqfno jfl0fHo a}Ídfk|fKt ;xfotf
kl/of]hgfsf] ;Demf}tf -P=Pd=kL=df k|lji6 ePsf]_
cfly{s jif{ kl/ifb\sf]
/sd -kl/ifb\;Fu P=Pd=kL=sf] g]kfnLd'b|fdf
tYof+sadf]lhd vftf ;+Vof /sd
ePsf] afx\o kIfsf] tYof+sadf]lhd -cfly{s aif{sf] cGTosf]
;+:yfsf] ;+Vof
;|f]t_ ;++:yfsf] ;+Vof ljlgdob/sf] cfwf/df_
@)&@.&# 631 23136201 83 21142440 9789 50122226
@)&#.&$ 747 17982379 91 18712750 9890 56643097
@)&$.&% 723 17467709 61 12023520 10184 46959947
hDdf 58586289 235 51878710 153725270
;+3;+:yfn] ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf nflu ljut # jif{df k|fKt u/]sf] ljj/0f k/LIf0f ubf{
kl/ifb\;Fu ?=%* ca{ %* s/f]8 ^# nfvsf] ;Demf}tf ePsf]df cy{ dGqfnosf] ;xfotf Joj:yfkg
;"rgf k|0ffnLadf]lhd ?=%! ca{ *& s/f]8 *& nfv b]lvPsf] 5 eg] b]zsf @* jfl0fHo a}Ídf k|fKt
o:tf] ;xfotf /sd eg] ?=! va{ %# ca{ &@ s/f]8 %@ nfv /x]sf] b]lvG5 . cy{ dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t
eO{ P=Pd=kL= df k|ljli6 ePsf] /sdeGbf ?=! va{ ! ca{ *$ s/f]8 ^^ nfv a9L / kl/ifb\;‘u
;Demf}tf u/]sf] /sdeGbf ?=(% ca{ !# s/f]8 () nfv a9L b]lvPsf]n] sfg'gsf] kfngf gu/L ;f]em}
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] ;xfotf k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] kl/of]hgf ;~rfngsf nflu k|fKt
/sdsf] kl/rfng kf/bzL{ agfO{ lgoGq0f / cg'udg sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg'kb{5 .
8. /fh:j 5'6 – ;dfh sNof0f lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod -^_ df cGt/f{li6«o ;fdflhs ;+3;+:yf jf
ljb]zL u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfsf sfof{no Pj+ kl/of]hgfsf nflu eG;f/, s/, cGo /fh:j / ljnDa
z'Ns 5'6sf nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{ / ;f]xL lgodfjnLsf] lgod @@ df kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df cfoft
Ohfhtkq jf eG;f/ 5'6 ;'ljwf k|fKt ;fdfgsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ lhDd]jf/L ;DalGwt ;+:yfsf] x'g] /
kl/ifb\sf] k"j{ :jLs[lta]u/ To; k|sf/sf] ;fdfgx? a]rlavg, gfd;f/L, gfddf;, lxgfldgf jf
bfgbftJo ug{ gkfOg] Joj:yf 5 . kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/; tyf :jLs[ltdf @)&@.&# df /fli6«o ckfË
k'g:yf{kgf ;dfh, sf7df8f+}nufot !% ;+:yf, @)&#.&$ df hg;/f]sf/ 6«i6nufot $) ;+:yf /
@)&$.&% df sfg]{6 g]kfnnufot #$ ;+:yf;d]t *( ;+:yfn] d]l8sn ;fdfgx?, ;jf/L;fwg, z}lIfs
;fdu|L, kfgLtfGg] kDk, XjLnr]o/nufotsf ;fdu|Lsf] cfoft Ohfht k|fKt u/L eG;f/ dx;'n tyf
d"No clej[l4 s/ 5'6df cfoft u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o;/L # jif{df cd]l/sL 8n/ #@ nfv # xhf/, o' /f] ^
nfv ^ xhf/, l:j; k|]mÍ ^$ xhf/, kfp08 $& xhf/, l;+ufk'/ 8n/ !) xhf/, gj]{lhog qmf]g/ @
nfv #* xhf/ tyf ef/tLo ?k}ofF ! s/f]8 & nfv ^$ xhf/n] @)&%.!).!$ sf] ljlgdo b/n] x'g]
?=! ca{ #* s/f]8 %& nfv %% xhf/sf] ;fdfg eG;f/ 5'6df cfoft u/]sf]df o:tf ;fdfgsf]
:jfldTj, a]rlavg tyf pkof]u ;DaGwdf kl/ifb\n] clen]v /fvL cg'udg u/]sf] b]lvPg . ;+:yf
lj36g jf vf/]h xF'bf ;+:yfsf] ;DklQ g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|fKt u/]sf] klg 5}g . o:tf ;fdu|Lsf] clen]v
/fvL ;+:yf lj36g x'Fbf afFsL /x]sf] ;DklQ g]kfn ;/sf/df k|fKt x'g] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
9. ;+:yfsf] p2]Zo – ;dfh sNof0f lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod !%s -!(_ df cGt/f{li6«o ;fdflhs
;+3;+:yf jf ljb]zL u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfn] g]kfndf gfkmf sdfpg] p2]Zon] jf cGo k|sf/n] s'g} klg
k|sf/sf] Jofkf/, Joj;fo jf pBf]u ;~rfng ug{, gfkmfd"ns ;+:yfdf /sd nufgL ug{ jf ;]o/
nufgL ug{ u/fpg gkfOg] Joj:yf 5 . u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfåf/f n3'ljQ ;~rfng, c:ktfn ;~rfng,
ljBfno ;~rfng ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
9.1. g]kfn /fi6« a}Íaf6 k|fKt tYofÍadf]lhd u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] ?kdf :yfkgf eO{ Joj;flos ?kdf
n3'ljQsf] sf/f]af/ u/L g]kfn /fi6« a}Íaf6 cg'dlt k|fKt ug]{ ;+:yfsf] ;++Vof @% /x]sf]df dlxnf
:jfjnDag ;dfh, lrtjgsf] @)&!.!@.$ df Ohfhtkq /2 ePsf] 5 . u|fdL0f :jo+;]js ;dfh
@)&%.$.#) df u|fdL0f :jo+;]js n3'ljQ ljQLo ;+:yf lnld6]8df ?kfGt/0f ePkl5 cGo o:t} (
;+:yf ;d]t g]kfn /fi6« a}Íaf6 …3Ú ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ?kdf Ohfht k|fKt u/L d'gfkmf cfh{g ug]{
;+:yfsf] ?kdf ;~rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ . xfn g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín] $ ;+:yfnfO{ Ohfhtkq k|bfg ug]{
qmddf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o:t} ^ ;+:yfnfO{ ;}4flGts ;xdlt lbPsf] / cGo $ ;+:yfsf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/,
;ˆ6j]o/sf] k"0f{tf cflb ljifodf lg/LIf0fsf] qmddf /x]sf] 5 .
g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín] ljQLo dWo:ytfsf] sfd ug]{ ;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)%% cGtu{t ljQLo kx'Fr
lj:tf/ ug{ ;Lldt a+}lsË sf/f]af/ ug]{ a}Í÷ljQLo ;+:yf Pj+ ljQLo sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ohfhtkq ;DaGwL
gLltut Pj+ k|lqmofut Joj:yf, @)^# hf/L u/L cg'dlt lbPsf] b]lvG5 . o;/L ;+:yf btf{ P]g, @)#$
/ ljQLo dWo:ytfsf] sfd ug]{ ;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)%% ljk/Lt g]kfn /fi6« a}Ín] u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfnfO{ Joj;flos / a+}lsË lqmofsnfk ug{ :jLs[lt lbPsf] kfOof] .
9.2. u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] ?kdf btf{ eO{ xfn …3Ú ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ?kdf sfo{/t lgw{g pTyfg
n3'ljQ ljQLo ;+:yf lnld6]8, km/jf8{ sDo"lg6L dfOqmf]kmfOgfG; ljQLo ;+:yf lnld6]8, gfua]nL
n3'ljQ ljsf; a}Í lnld6]8, :jfjnDag n3'ljQ ljQLo ;+:yf lnld6]8, l5d]s n3'ljQ ljsf;
a}Ínufotsf ;+:yfn] u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] x}l;otdf sdfPsf] d'gfkmf, ;l~rt u/]sf] hu]8f sf]if
nufotsf] ;DklQ g]kfn ;/sf/df lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{df ;f] gu/]sf]n] 5fglag u/L lkmtf{ Nofpg'kb{5 .
9.3. g]kfn /fi6« a}Íaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fadf]lhd ;~rfngdf /x]sf ;Lldt a}lsË sf/f]af/ ug]{ @$ u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfdWo] @)&% cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd !& ;+:yfn] sdfPsf] d'gfkmfaf6 ;l~rt hu]8f sf]ifdf ?=! ca{
#^ s/f]8 ( nfv df}Hbft /x]sf] b]lvG5 . u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] x}l;otdf sdfPsf] d'gfkmf ;l~rt
u/]sf] / o:tf] ;+:yfn] d'gfkmfnfO{ af]g; z]o/ tyf nfef+zsf] ?kdf ljt/0f ug{ sfg'gL c8\rg
ePsfn] sfg'gsf] sdhf]/L tyf ckof{Kt Joj:yfsf] pkof]u ub} {…3Ú ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yftkm{ pGd'veO{

!) ;+:yfn] Ohfhtkq k|fKt ul/;s]sf] b]lvG5 . xfn oL ;+:yf Joj;flos sDkgLsf] ?kdf kl/0ft eP
tfklg hu]8f sf]ifsf] ?=! ca{ #^ s/f]8 ( nfv g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sf]ifdf bflvnf u/]sf] 5}g . gfkmf
cfh{g gug]{ u/L :yfkgf ePsf ;+:yfn] cfh{g u/]sf] gfkmf ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
;l~rt sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
9.4. kl/ifb\;‘u cfa4 ;+:yfdWo] @@ cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] c:ktfn ;~rfng u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
pQm @@ c:ktfndf cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfaf6 ?=$% s/f]8 $# nfv / ;+:yfsf] cfGtl/s
;|f]taf6 ?=!( s/f]8 *% nfv;d]t ?=^% s/f]8 @* nfvsf] cfof]hgf ;Demf}tf eO{ ljleGg
:jf:Yo;DaGwL lqmofsnfk ;~rfng u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . To;}u/L !! cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn]
ljBfno ;~rfng u/]sf 5g\ . ljBfno ;~rfng ug]{ Ps afnu|fdsf] gfddf P;=cf]=P;= lrN8g{
len]h OG6/g]zgn, ci6«]lnofaf6 ?=# ca{ $% nfv afXo ;xfotf / cfGtl/s ;|f]ttkm{ ?=! ca{ $%
s/f]8 $* nfv;d]t ?=$ ca{ $% s/f]8 (# nfvsf] ;g\ @)!& b]lv @)@! ;Ddsf nflu kl/of]hgf
;Demf}tf ePsf] b]lvof] . Joj;flos k|s[ltsf c:ktfn / ljBfno ;~rfng u/]sf]df ;DalGwt
lgsfon] lgodg u/]sf] b]lv‘b}g . cg'udg Joj:yfsf] k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog ul/g'kb{5 .
10. cg'udg d"NofÍg vr{ – ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\ ;fdflhs ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] cg'udg, ;'kl/j]If0f Pj+
d"NofÍg lgb]{lzsf, @)&! sf] a'Fbf g+ !) Dff ;+:yfs} vr{df cg'udg ug]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] / a'Fbf g+
!)=@ df lkmN8 cjnf]sg e|d0fdf hfFbf 6f]nLsf] nlhli6s ;kf]{6 -vfgf, af;, oftfoft_ vr{ ;+:yf
:jo+n] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . kl/ifb\af6 @)&@.&# df () ;+:yfsf !!( kl/of]hgf, @)&#.&$ df
!$@ ;+:yfsf !() kl/of]hgf / @)&$.&% df #&$ kl/of]hgfsf] cg'udg u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
cg'udg ubf{ @)&$.&% df @^% ;+:yfaf6 ?=# s/f]8 ^! nfv ** xhf/ kfl/>lds / oftfoft,
xf]6]naf; tyf vfgf vr{ h:tf nlhli6s ;'ljwfdf ;+:yfaf6 yk vr{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . Ps
kl/of]hgfsf] cg'udg vr{ cf};tdf ?=! nfv #& xhf/ b]lvG5 eg] kl/ifb\df sfo{/t cg'udg ug{]
sd{rf/L $% /x]sf]df k|lt sd{rf/L cf};t cg'udg kfl/>lds ?=* nfv $ xhf/ /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
o:tf] 6f]nL @ b]lv $ ;b:oLo x'g], tf]s]sf] ;LdfeGbf dflysf] kl/of]hgfsf nflu afXo 6f]nL g]tf
/f]i6/af6 5gf}6 x'g] tyf dGqfnosf k|ltlglw;d]t pQm cg'udg sfo{df ;xefuL x'g] kl/ifb\n]
hgfPsf] 5 . kl/ifbn] cfjZos dfkb08 agfO{ ;DalGwt ;+:yfaf6 Psd'i6 ?kdf cg'udg
vr{afktsf] /sd sf]ifdf k|fKt ug]{ / ;f]xL /sdaf6 kl/ifb\n] g} cg'udg tyf nlhli6s vr{ e'QmfgL
ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
11. sDkgL btf{ – sDkgL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf !^^ -!_ df k]zf jf Joj;fosf] ljsf; tyf k|j4{g ug{ jf
;f] k]zf jf Joj;fodf nfu]sf JolQmx?sf] ;fd"lxs xs lxtsf] ;+/If0f ug{ jf ef}lts, k|fl1s,
;fdflhs k/f]ksf/L jf ;fj{hlgs pkof]lutf jf sNof0fsf/L p2]Zo k|flKtsf] nflu nfef+z afF8L lng
gkfpg] zt{df sDkgL :yfkgf ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf 5 . o; Joj:yfadf]lhd @)&$.&% ;Dd :yfkgf
ePsf sDkgLsf] ;+Vof @ xhf/ !@$ /x]sf]df !%$ n] dfq n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg, ;~rfns ;ldltsf]
lg0f{o, jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef a;]sf] ljj/0f k]; u/]sf] b]lvof] . sDkgL sfg'gsf] kfngf ug]{ ;+:yfsf]
;+Vof &=@% k|ltztdfq /x]sf]]n] o:tf sDkgLdf cfly{s cg'zf;g sdhf]/ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . P]gsf]
Joj:yf kfngf x'g'kb{5 .
12. sDkgLsf] hfoh]yf – sDkgL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf !^& -!_em df d'gfkmf ljt/0f gug]{ sDkgL lj36g
ePdf jf btf{ vf/]hLdf k/]df sDkgLsf] C0f tyf bfloTj km5\of}{6 u/L afFsL /x]sf] hfoh]yf sDkgLsf]
lgodfjnLdf 5'§} Joj:yf u/]sf] eP ;f]xLadf]lhd / Joj:yf gePsf]df g]kfn ;/sf/df ;g]{ Joj:yf
5 . xfn;Dd o;k|sf/sf !! sDkgL lj36g jf btf{ vf/]h ePsf]df tL sDkgLsf] hfoh]yf g]kfn
;/sf/df ;/]sf] b]lvPg\ . sDkgL /lhi6«f/ sfof{no tyf ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 k|efjsf/L cg'udg tyf
5fglag u/L g]kfn ;/sf/df ;DklQ k|fKt x'g] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
lgisif{ – cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf jf bft[ lgsfoaf6 k|fKt ug]{ ;xfotf /sdsf] kl/rfng ;DaGwdf
Psåf/ gLlt gx'Fbf k|fyldstf k|fKt If]qdf kl/rfng x'g g;s]sf], cy{ dGqfnosf] :jLs[lt tyf ;dfh sNof0f
kl/ifb\;Fusf] ;Demf}tfeGbf a9L /sd ;f]em} k|fKt u/L sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sf], o:tf ;+:yfx?n] kf/blz{tf /
hjfkmb]lxtf sfod gu/]sf], ;dfh ;]jfsf] p2]Zoåf/f :yfkgf x'g] o:tf ;+:yfx?sf] plrt juL{s/0f u/L s]Gb|Lo
clen]v g/fv]sf], u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] p2]Zocg'?k sfo{ gu/]sf] cj:yf /x]sf]n] sfo{ ;~rfng cg'udg
;DaGwdf kl/ifb\sf] e"ldsf k|efjsf/L b]lvPsf] 5}g\ . ctM cfufdL lbgdf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] plrt juL{s/0f
ug]{, ;DalGwt If]qsf] dfu Pj+ /fli6«o k|fyldstfsf] If]qdf ;/sf/sf] ;fem]bf/sf] ?kdf ;xsfo{ ug]{, tL
;+:yfsf] lgodg ug{ sfg'gdf ;dofg's"n kl/dfh{g ug{] tyf kl/ifb\sf] xfnsf] ;+/rgf k'g/fjnf]sg u/L
k|efjsf/L lgofds lgsfodfkm{t /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf kl/rfng / lgodg u/L ;+:yfut
;'zf;g clej[l4 ug]{tk{m hf]8 lbg'kb{5 .
;+ul7t ;+:yf
;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\
;dfh sNof0f / ;fdflhs ;]jf ;DalGwt lqmofsnfk ljsf;;Fu cfa4 u/fpg] tyf u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfsf] sfo{df ;dGjo ug]{ p2]Zon] @)#$ ;fndf ;fdflhs ;]jf /fli6«o ;dGjo ;ldltsf] gfdn] :yfkgf
eO{ ;dfh sNof0f P]g, @)$( cg';f/ kl/ifb\n] sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
13. ef8f s/ — g]kfn ;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\sf] @)&$.!@.!@ sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ If]qflwsf/leqsf k|fs[lts
JolQmn] cfh{g ug{] 3/ axfn cfodf nfUg] s/ cGt/ ;/sf/L ljQ Joj:yf P]g, @)&$ tyf k|rlnt
sfg'gsf] cwLgdf /xL ;DalGwt :yfgLo txn] ;Íng ug{] / s/ ;Íng ug{] lgsfoaf6}] s/ ltg{]sf]
cfo k|dfl0ft ug{] Joj:yf 5 . axfn cfo dfq p2]Zo ePsf] JolQmn] ;+:yfut s/ ltg{] / d'Vo p2]Zo
axfn cfo g/x]sf] JolQmsf] xsdf !) k|ltzt axfn s/ ;DalGwt :yfgLo txdf bflvnf ug'{kg]{
Joj:yf 5 . kl/ifb\n] a"9fgLns07 / e[s'6Ld08kdf ePsf] hUuf, ejgnufotsf] ;DklQ axfndf
nufO{ ?=( s/f]8 &( nfv !$ xhf/ cfDbfgL u/]sf]df !) k|ltztn] x'g] s/ ?=(& nfv (! xhf/
;DalGwt :yfgLo txdf bflvnf u/]sf] 5}g . pQm s/ bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
14. pkbfg ;'ljwf – sfo{;~rfng ;ldltsf] @)&$.%.@ sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ c:yfoL ;]jf cjlw % jif{eGbf
a9L ePsf sd{rf/LnfO{ z'? lgo'lQmb]lv @)&$ cfiff9 d;fGt;Ddsf] ;]jf cjlw u0fgf u/L pkbfg
afkt ?=^$ nfv $! xhf/ pknAw u/fPsf] b]lvG5 . kl/ifb\sf] sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{ lgodfjnL, @)%)
df c:yfoL sd{rf/Ln] o:tf] ;]jf ;'ljwf kfpg] Joj:yf pNn]v 5}g . lgodfjnLdf pNn]v gePsf]
;'ljwf sfo{;~rfng ;ldltsf] lg0f{osf] cfwf/df k|bfg ug]{ kl/kf6Ldf ;'wf/ x'g'kb{5 .
15. kbflwsf/L kfl/>lds – ;dfh sNof0f P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf % df ;dfh sNof0f x]g{] dGqL jf /fHo
dGqL cWoIf /xg] u/L !# ;b:oLo kl/ifb\sf] :yfkgf ul/g] tyf bkmf !) df a9Ldf & hgf /xg] u/L
sfo{;~rfng ;ldlt u7g ul/g] pNn]v 5 . P]gsf] bkmf @! df kl/ifb\sf sd{rf/Lx?sf] kfl/>lds,
;]jfsf] zt{ tyf ;'ljwf ;DaGwdf Joj:yf u/]sf] eP klg kl/ifb\ tyf sfo{;~rfng ;ldltdf /xg]
kbflwsf/Lsf] kfl/>lds tyf ;]jf ;'ljwf;DaGwL Joj:yf u/]sf] b]lvFb}g . kbflwsf/L dgf]gog ubf{
dGqfnon] kfl/>lds tyf zt{ ;DaGwdf pNn]v u/]sf] 5}g . pkfWoIf;lxt * kbflwsf/Ln]fO{ of] jif{
?=@^ nfv *) xhf/ kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . kfl/>lds / ;'ljwfsf ;DaGwdf
:ki6 sfg'gL Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
16. ;+3;+:yf 5gf}6 – kl/ifb\af6 hf/L ul/Psf] ;+3;+:yf cg'bfg;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&! sf] a'Fbf $ df
;fj{hlgs ;"rgfsf] dfWodaf6 kl/of]hgf k|:tfj cfXjfg ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . of] jif{ !@* u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfn] cg'bfg dfu u/]sf] dWo] ## ;+:yfnfO{ ?=$( nfv *& xhf/ cg'bfg pknAw u/fpFbf cg'bfg
lgwf{/0f ug]{ cfwf/ tof/ u/]sf] 5}g . cfwf/ tof/ u/L cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 .
17. ef8f cfo – /sd / ;/sf/L 7]Ssf aGbf]a:t P]g, @)@) sf] bkmf $ df af]nkq cfXjfg u/L jf
a9fa9 jf 36f36 u/fO{ 7]Ssf aGbf]a:t ug{'kg{] pNn]v 5 . ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\ cfly{s k|zf;g
lgodfjnL, @)%) sf] lgod ^@-$_ df ;ldltn] kl/ifb\sf] :jfldTjsf] ;DklQsf] Go"gtd ef8f b/
lgwf{/0f u/L af]nkqsf] dfWodaf6 cfo 7]Ssf Joj:yfkg ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . ef8f cfo ;DaGwdf
b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M

17.1. kl/ifb\sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] !^ /f]kgLdf lgld{t ^^ :6n k|lt ju{lkm6 dfl;s ?=#^ sf b/n] ef8fdf
nufpFbf, #! /f]kgL] hldg tyf ! xhf/ #)$ k;n k|lt ju{lkm6 dfl;s ?=!#=#! df !% jif{sf] nflu
ef8fdf lbFbf, ^) /f]kgL hldg !% jif{sf] nflu dfl;s ?=% nfv %% xhf/sf b/n] ef8fdf nufpFbf,
k|bz{gL If]qleqsf] @% /f]kgL hUuf Ps ;+:yfnfO{ dfl;s ?=!# xhf/ @^& df ef8fdf lbFbf, ( /f]kgL
If]qkmndf k}mlnPsf] rd]gf u[x Pj+ ejg jflif{s ?=% nfv &@ xhf/sf b/n] (( jif{sf] nflu g]kfn
ko{6g af]8{nfO{ pknAw u/fpFbf tyf $^ 3'DtL k;n dfl;s ?=# xhf/sf b/n] ef8fdf nufpFbf
k|lt:kwL{ ljlw k|of]u u/L 7]Ssf Joj:yf u/]sf] b]lvPg . k|lt:kwL{ ljlw k|of]u u/L cfo k|0ffnL
Jojl:yt ug'{kb{5 .
17.2. af]nkq;DaGwL k|lqmof k"/f gu/L sfo{ ;ldltsf] @)&$.^.@% sf] lg0f{oaf6 kl/ifb\sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf]
sf7df8f}F dxfgu/kflnsf ;fljs j8f g+= #! sf] & /f]kgL !% cfgf # k};f hUufdf /x]sf] OR5'dtL
t/sf/L ahf/ Ps ;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ @% jif{sf nflu dfl;s ?=!! nfv (* xhf/ a'emfpg] u/L
ef8fdf lbg] lg0f{o ePsf] kfOof] . k|lt:kwL{ k|lqmof k"/f gu/L ;f]e}m lg0f{o u/L ef8fdf lbPsf] pko'Qm
b]lvPg . cfo ;Íng k|lqmof k|lt:kwL{ tyf kf/bzL{ agfpg'kb{5 .
18. aSof}tf c;'nL – e[s'6Ld08k ;~rfng sfof{noaf6 p7fpg'kg{] aSof}tf;DaGwL cWoog tyf ;'emfj
;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgcg';f/ @)&% cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd JolQm, kmd{ tyf ;+:yf $& af6 ?=$ s/f]8 @%
nfv ^@ xhf/ aSof}tf c;'n ug{ afFsL b]lvG5 . ;f]dWo] @)&$.&% sf] aSof}tf ?=@$ nfv ^! xhf/
5 . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ aSof}tf c;'n u/L cfo hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug''{kb{5 .
19. ph'/L 5fglag – ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\ P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf @) df kl/ifb\;Fu cfa4 ;+3;+:yfn]
ljwfg ljk/Lt sfd u/]df To:tf] ;+:yfsf] sfo{ ;ldlt kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgnDag
tyf lj36g ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . jflif{s k|ult ljj/0fcg';f/ kl/ifb\df !@ /fli6«o / & cGt/f{li6«o
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf lj?4 k/]sf ph'/L 5fglag u/L k|ltj]bg ;DalGwt lgsfodf k7fPsf]df sf/afxL u/L
;'wf/ u/]sf] k|df0f k]; ePsf] 5}g . jflif{s tYofÍsf cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ubf{ ph'/Lsf] ;+Vof a9\bf]
qmddf /x]sf]n] ;+3;:yfsf] sfo{ u'0f:t/ 36\b} uPsf] b]lvG5 . cg'udg k|0ffnLdf ;'wf/ u/L ;Demf}tf
cg';f/ sfo{ ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 .
20. ;Demf}tf gjLs/0f – /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] cfa4tf;DaGwL lgb]{lzsfdf
cg'udgaf6 cf}FNofOPsf Joxf]/f sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|lta4tfsf cfwf/df ;fwf/0f ;Demf}tf gjLs/0f x'g]
pNn]v 5 . kl/ifb\af6 of] jif{ cg'udg ePsf kl/of]hgfsf] cg'udg d"NofÍg k|ltj]bg k/LIf0f ubf{
lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf btf{ eO{ sfo{ ul//x]sf] lxdfnog afOan cWoog k|lti7fgn] O;fO{
wdf{jnDaL o'jf o'jtLnfO{ dfq nlIft u/L sDKo'6/ tyf l;nfO{ a'gfO{ tflnd / Joj;fo tyf
/f]huf/d"ns sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sf], h]xf]efsf] lj6g]; ;f];fO6Ln] lqmlZrog wdf{jnDaLsf]
cfWoflTds / ;fdflhs lzIffsf] Joj:yf / k|j4{g ug{] p2]Zosf ;fy !! lhNnfsf !% zx/ / :yfgLo
txsf !( j8fdf hldg vl/b;d]tsf nflu ?=@^ s/f]8 $# nfv $@ xhf/sf] of]hgf ;~rfng u/]sf]
tyf g]kfn lqmlZrog afn lzIff ;+ult ;+:yfn] afnaflnsfnfO{ afOanLo lzIff lbg], lzIfs tof/
ug{], cflTds ljsf;sf] lgldQ afOanLo tflnd, uf]i7L / ;]ldgf/sf] cfof]hgf u/L ?=%^ nfv (
xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . wd{, ;Dk|bfo ljz]ifnfO{ s]lGb|t u/L ;~rfng ePsf] ultljlwaf6 ;fdflhs
;b\efjdf kg{] c;/;d]tnfO{ dgg u/L kl/of]hgfsf] ;Demf}tf tyf gjLs/0f ug{'kb{5 .
21. nlhl:6s ;kf]6{ – kl/ifb\af6 hf/L ;fdflhs ;+3;+:yfsf] cg'udg, ;'kl/j]If0f tyf d"NofÍg lgb{]lzsf,
@)&! sf] aF'bf !)=@ df lkmN8 cjnf]sgdf hfg] 6f]nLsf] vfgf, af; tyf oftfoftnufotsf
nlhl:6s ;kf]6{ ;+:yf :jo+n] Joj:yf ug{'kg{] pNn]v ePcg';f/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] kfOof] . ;DalGwt
;+:yfn] vfgf, jf; tyf oftfoft vr{ Joxf]g{'kg{] afWosf/L Joj:yf u/L u/]sf] cg'udg lgikIf /
kf/bzL{ x'g] b]lvPg . o:tf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ x'g'kb{5 .

cg'udg / a]?h"
• cg'udg – cg'bfg pkof]u tyf ljt/0f, sfo{;~rfng sf]if, aSof}tf c;'nL, ;+3 ;+:yfsf] cg'udg, clen]v
Joj:yfnufotsf ljifox? ut ljut jif{sf k|ltj]bgdf ;dfj]z u/]sf]df ;'wf/ ePsf] kfOPg . ljutsf
Joxf]/f k'g/fj[lQ gx'g] u/L sfo{;Dkfbg ug'{kb{5 .
• a]?h" — of] jif{ dGqfno / dftxt;d]tsf lgsfosf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] a]?h" l:ylt b]xfocg';f/ 5M
➢ dGqfno / dftxt;d]t &% lgsfodf of] jif{ ?=% s/f]8 ^$ nfv *! xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes
k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fPkl5 ?=! nfv !@ xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=% s/f]8 ^# nfv ^( xhf/ afFsL
/x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=$$ nfv &( xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL !% df 5 .
➢ ;+ul7t ;+:yf cGo ;+:yf ;ldlt ^ tkm{ of] jif{ ?=@ nfv &% xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df km5\of}{6
gu/]sf]n] afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=@ nfv !% xhf/ k]:sL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL !^
df 5 .

o'jf tyf v]ns'b dGqfno
dGqfnosf] sfo{If]qdf o'jf hgzlQm / v]ns'b gLlt, of]hgf sfo{qmd th'{df / sfof{Gjog cg'udg
tyf d"Nofsg, v]ns'b Pj+ :sfp6sf] ljsf;sf nflu k|lzIf0f tflnd, cWoog, cg';Gwfg / cGt/f{li6\o ;DaGw,
k|j4{g Pj+ ljsf; ug]{ nufotsf sfo{ /x]sf 5g\ . dGqfno;d]t &( lgsfoaf6 ;]jf k|jfx x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
dGqfno / dftxt lgsfosf] of] jif{ ljlgof]hg ?=@ ca{ !^ s/f]8 () nfv, /fh:j ?=! s/f]8 ($
nfv, w/f}6L ?=@^ nfv;d]t ?=@ ca{ !( s/f]8 !) nfvsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . dGqfno dftxtsf
@ ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] ?=!@ ca{ @^ s/f]8 @* nfvsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] sf/f]af/sf]
1. gLlt tyf sfo{qmd – rf}wf}F of]hgfdf dGqfno cGtu{t o'jfx?nfO{ /fi6\sf] ;jf{uL0f ljsf;df d"n
k|jfxLs/0f ug]{, v]ns'bsf ef}lts ;+/rgfx?nfO{ cGt/f{li6\o dfkb08 adf]lhd ;'wf/ ug]{ tyf
@)&$.&% sf] ah]6 jQmJodf v]ns'b k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f sfo{qmd, o'jfx?nfO{ pBdzLn agfO{ :yfgLo
txdf pTkfbg /f]huf/L / cfo—cfh{gsf cj;/ l;h{gf ug]{ sfo{qmdcg'?k o'jf nlIft /fli6\o
:j/f]huf/ sfo{qmd P]g lgod th'{df x'g g;s]sf sf/0f kl/rfng x'g g;s]sf], o'jf tyf ;fgf
Joj;foL, :j/f]huf/ sf]ifaf6 k|To]s jif{ @) xhf/ ;+Vof yk eO{ *) xhf/ hgfnfO{ ljkGg If]q shf{,
;f]xL sfo{qmdsf] Aofh cg'bfg lbg] sfo{qmd ;a} lgjf{rg If]qdf x'g g;s]sf] tyf v]ns'b k"jf{wf/
ljsf; x'g g;s]sf] l:ylt 5 . ctM v]ns'b k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f / :t/f]GgtL Pj+ dd{t ;'wf/sf] nflu
;fwg ;|f]tnufot Joj:yfkg u/L ef}lts k"jf{wf/ clej[l4df Wofg lbg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
2. nIo k|ult – of] jif{ dGqfnoaf6 !% sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ?=% s/f]8 %$ nfv !) xhf/ ah]6
Joj:yf ePsf]]df & sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/L ?=! s/f]8 !! nfv ($ xhf/ -@) k|ltzt_ vr{ u/]sf] 5 .
:jLs[t sfo{qmddWo] ?=! s/f]8 * nfv %) xhf/sf /fi6«klt /lgª lzN8df ;xefuL x'g] v]nf8Lsf]
aLdf, dfWolds ljBfno :t/Lo 5fq5fqf lqms]6 k|ltof]lutfnufot * sfo{qmdsf] ef}lts tyf ljQLo
k|ult z"Go /x]sf] / afFsL & sfo{qmdsf] ef}lts k|ult !% b]lv &$ k|ltzt;Dd /x]sf] 5 . 5fq/5fqf
lqms]6 k|ltof]lutf, v]nf8L k'/:sf/ ljt/0f, o'jf pQ/bfloTj k|j4{gnufotsf sfo{qmddf bf]xf]/f]kgf
b]lvPsf]]n] sfof{Gjog gu/]sf] dGqfnosf] egfO{ /x]sf] 5 . bf]xf]/f] gkg]{ u/L of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd to
ug'{kb{5 .
3. cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg – dGqfnon] * sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ /fli6«o v]ns'b kl/ifb\nfO{ ?=!) s/f]8
(* nfv ^) xhf/ / % sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ g]kfn :sfp6nfO{ ?=$ s/f]8 #^ nfv ;d]t ?=!%
s/f]8 #$ nfv ^) xhf/ cg'bfg lbPsf]]df cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod $! -#_
adf]lhd cg'udg u/]sf] 5}g . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f b]xfo adf]lhd 5g\M
3.1. of] jif{ dGqfnon] cg'udg d"NofÍg zLif{saf6 b}lgs tyf e|d0f eQfdf ?=!( nfv () xhf/ vr{
n]v]sf] 5 . dGqfno cGtu{t ;~rfng ePsf v]ns'b ljsf; sfo{qmd / o'jf kl/rfng sfo{qmd tyf
If]qLo v]ns'b ljsf; ;ldlt, lhNnf v]ns'b ljsf; ;ldlt cflbsf] cg'udg u/] tfklg cg'udg
k|ltj]bg tof/ u/]sf] 5}g . cg'udg k|ltj]bg lnO{ pknlAw ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 .
3.2. v]ns'b k|ltof]lutf ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&) adf]lhd /fli6«o v]ns'b kl/ifb\ / cGtu{t lgsfoaf6
;~rflnt v]ns'b k|ltof]lutfsf] ;DaGwdf dGqfnoaf6 tL ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg k|fKt u/L
cg'udg x'g] Joj:yf ePsf]]df n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg k7fpg] ;+:yfsf] clen]v /fv]sf] 5}g . n]vfk/LIf0f
k|ltj]bg k|fKt u/L p2]Zocg'?k sfo{ eP gePsf] cWoog ug]{, k|ltj]bg k|fKt gePsf]df k|ltj]bg dfu
u/L p2]Zocg'?k sfo{;Dkfbg ePsf]] ;'lglZrt u/]sf] kfOPg .

3.3. ljBfno v]ns'b k|ltof]lutf ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&) of] jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 d'VotM o'jf
sf] a'Fbf $ -!(_ df cfof]hsn] lgsf;f k|fKt /sdsf]
tyf v]ns'b ;DaGwL gLlt tyf sfo{qmd
n]vfk/LIf0f u/fO{ ;f] sf] k|ltj]bg cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt
ePsf] Ps dlxgfleq If]qLo v]ns'b ljsf; ;ldlt, sfof{Gjog gePsf], cg'bfgsf] cg'udg
kl/ifb\ / dGqfnodf clgjfo{ ?kdf k7fpg'kg]{ / a'Fbf d"NofÍg gePsf], C0f c;'nL gePsf],
!# -$_ df k|ltof]lutf ;~rfng ug{ g;Sg] cfof]hsn] v]ns'b If]qaf6 ck]lIft k|ltkmn k|+fKt
k|fKt lgsf;f /sd ;l~rtsf]if bflvnf ug{'kg]{ Joj:yf gePsf], v]ns'b kl/ifb\sf] ljQLo ljj/0f
5 . dGqfnon] && lhNnf v]ns'b ljsf; ;ldlt dfkm{t oyfy{ gePsf], v]ns'b kl/ifb\df k]:sL
/fi6«klt /lgª lzN8 k|ltof]lutf ;~rfng ug]{ u/L cTolws afFsL /x]sf], lgdf{0f sfo{df
/fli6«o v]ns'b kl/ifb\ dfkm{t ?=% s/f]8 @^ nfv (% l9nfO tyf a9L e'QmfgL ePsf], nfut
xhf/ lgsf;f lbPsf] 5 . pQm k|ltof]lutf ;~rfng eP cg'dfg eGbf a9Lsf] af]nkq :jLs[t
gePsf] tyf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf]]df ;a} /sd vr{ u/]sf], lgod ljk/Lt hUuf ;§fk§f u/]sf]
eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf olsg ug{ n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg nufotsf ljifodf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf]
k|fKt u/L dGqfnoaf6 cg'udg ug'{kg]{df @)&%.%.@$ 5.
;Dd s'g} klg lhNnfaf6 n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg k|fKt
u/]sf] b]lvPg . o; ;DaGwdf dGqfnon] 5fglag u/L
vr{ gePsf] /sd ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf u/fpg'kb{5 .
/fli6«o o'jf kl/ifb\
4. o'ylehg, @)@% — o'jf ljsf;sf] b"/b[li6 tyf cfufdL !) jif{sf] nIo ;"rs to ug]{, o'jf ljsf;sf
d"n cfwf/ :tDe lgdf{0f u/L cfufdL !) jif{sf nflu d"n /0fgLlt to ug]{, /fli6«o o'jf gLlt, @)&@ n]
lglb{i6 u/]sf gLlt / sfo{gLltnfO{ sfof{Gjogsf nflu dfu{ lgb]{zg ug]{ o'ylehg, @)@% sf] p2]Zo
;lxtsf] gLlt dlGqkl/ifb\af6 @)&@.^.!( df :jLs[t eO{ nfu" ePsf]] 5 . pQm lehg d'Votof u'0f:t/Lo
/ Jofj;flos lzIff, /f]huf/L, pBdzLntf / ;Lk ljsf;, :jf:Yo / ;fdflhs ;'/Iff, o'jf kl/rfng,
;xeflutf / g]t[Tj ljsf; / v]ns'b / dgf]/~hg;d]t % cfwf/ :tDedf cfwfl/t /x]sf] 5 .
kl/ifb\sf] jflif{s sfo{qmd tyf nIo tf]lsFbf k|To]s cfwf/ :tDe cGtu{t ;~rfng ul/g]
sfo{qmdnfO{ jflif{s sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z u/L tbg';f/ nIo k|ult ljj/0f tof/ u/L kf/blz{tf sfod
ug'+{kg]{df u/]sf] 5}g . o;n] ubf{ o'ylehg, @)@% tyf o'jf gLltsf] bL3+{sflng nIo k|flKt ug{
o'jfnfO{+ ;jn, ;Ifd / JolQmTj ljsf;df ;d]t c;/ kg{ ;Sg] ePsf]]n] cfwf/ :tDe;Fu ;fd~h:o
x'g] u/L kl/ifb\sf] jflif{s sfo{qmd / nIo lgwf{/0f x'g'kg]{ / ;f]xLadf]lhd k|ult ljj/0fnfO{ oyfy{k/s
agfpg'kb{5 .
5. o'jf pBd sfo{qmd — o'jf pBd sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&# adf]lhd kl/ifb\n] lhNnf o'jf
;ldltsf] sfof{nodfkm{t pBd ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos kg]{ k|ljlw Joj:yfkgsf nflu a9Ldf ?=%
nfv;Dd C0f pknAw u/fpg] / C0f /sd $ ls:tfdf $ jif{df kl/ifb\n] tf]s]sf] o'jf pBd 3'DtL
sf]ifdf lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . o; sfo{qmdsf nflu ?=@) s/f]8 ^@ nfv (% xhf/ ljlgof]hg
ePsf]d ] f s]Gb|Lo sfof{no / lhNnf o'jf ;ldltaf6 ?=!& s/f]8 (* nfv (# xhf/ vr{ ePsf] 5 .
gd'gf 5gf}6 u/L k/LIf0f u/]sf #^ lhNnfsf] o'jf pBd ;d"xnfO{ C0f pknAw u/fpg %# ;xsf/L
;+:yfnfO{ ?=# s/f]8 (@ nfv pknAw u/fPsf]]df #& o'jf ;d"xnfO{ ?=! s/f]8 $@ nfv %^ xhf/ -
nIosf] t'ngfdf #^=#^ k|ltzt_ nufgL u/L afFsL /sd df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 . pQm nufgL tyf
df}Hbftsf] cj:yf / sfo{ k|ultsf] ;DaGwdf kl/ifb\n] cg'udg ug'{kb{5 .
o; sfo{qmdaf6 ePsf]] C0f k|jfxsf] lhNnfl:yt sfof{non] JolQmut C0fsf] n]vf g/fv]sf] /
lgb]{lzsfsf] a'Fbf !) adf]lhd n]vfk/LIf0f ;d]t u/fPsf]] b]lvPg . ctM C0f k|jfx u/]sf] /sdsf] n]vf
/ n]vfk/LIf0f u/fO{ k|ltj]bg k|fKt ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
285 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] 5kGgf} jflif{s k|ltj]bg @)&%

;+ul7t ;+:yf
o'jf tyf ;fgf Joj;foL :j/f]huf/ sf]if ;lrjfno
a+}s, ljQLo ;+:yf tyf ;xsf/L ;+:yfaf6 lagf lwtf]sf kl/of]hgfdf ;x'lnot Aofhb/df k|lt
Joj;foL a9Ldf ?=@ nfv ;Dd cfjlws C0f pknAw u/fpg :j/f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ / Jofj;flos
tyf ;Lkd"ns tflnd ;d]t pknAw u/fpg] p2]Zon], @)^% df sf]ifsf] :yfkgf ePsf] 5 .
6. cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f – sf]if ;~rfng lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod @!-@_ df sf]ifsf] cfGtl/s
n]vfk/LIf0f sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 x'g] Joj:yf u/]sf]df ljlgof]hgtkm{sf] dfq cfGtl/s
n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf]] 5 . lgoddf Joj:yf ePadf]lhd ;Dk"0f{ cfly{s sf/f]af/sf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f
ug'{ u/fpg'kb{5 .
7. shf{ nufgL tyf cfDbfgL – a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yf;Fu lnPsf] shf{ ?=# ca{ *@ s/f]8 #) nfv *#
xhf/, hu]8f tyf sf]if Joj:yf ?=&! s/f]8 ^) nfv &# xhf/ / cGo bfloTj ?= !) s/f]8 &^ nfv
%^ xhf/;d]t s'n k'FhL ?=$ ca{ ^$ s/f]8 ^* nfv !! xhf/dWo] sf]ifaf6 shf{ k|jfx ePsf]] ?=#
ca{ ** s/f]8 &^ nfv !) xhf/, cGo ;DklQ ?=@ s/f]8 !& nfv $@ xhf/ / df}Hbft ?=&# s/f]8
&$ nfv $* xhf/ /x]sf] 5 . df}Hbft /sd;d]t :j/f]huf/ sfo{qmddf nufgL ug'{kb{5 .
8. Aofh cg'bfg – Aofh cg'bfg lgb]{lzsf, @)&$ df g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]adf]lhd ^) k|ltzt Aofh
cg'bfg :jLs[t sfo{qmd / ah]6df pNn]v eP adf]lhd Joj;foLnfO{ lkmtf{ ug]{ Joj:yf 5 .
jf;nftdf ljutdf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 Aofh cg'bfg lbg] k|of]hgsf] nflu ljlgof]hgaf6 lgsf;f ePsf]]
?=! s/f]8 ^! nfv ^) xhf/ df}Hbft /fv]sf]n] pQm /sd ;l~rtsf]if bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
9. nufgL tyf c;'nL – sf]ifn] :yfkgf ePb]lv @)&% ciff9 d;fGt;Dd s'n %% xhf/ ###
Joj;foLnfO{ nufgL u/]sf] ?=& ca{ @& s/f]8 !! nfvdWo] of] jif{sf] cGt;Dd ?=# ca{ ** s/f]8 &^
nfv !) xhf/ nufgLsf] ?kdf afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ljut # jif{sf] nufgL tyf c;'nL cj:yf b]xfocg';f/
5M
-?=xhf/df_
C0f lng] Dofb gf3]s]f nufgL afFsL
l;=g+= cfly{s jif{ nufgL /sd c;'nL /sd
-hgf_ ;fFjf /sd /x]sf] /sd
1 2072/73 2597 33,60,65 28,92,16 81,43,67 1,49,26,31
2 2073/74 7595 1,09,36,15 36,18,34 43,08,18 2,15,54,28
3 2074/75 17039 2,35,08,10 28,63,87 61,86,27 3,88,76,10
s'n C0f nufgLdWo] Dofb ;dfKt ePsf]df c;'nL x'g g;s]sf] /sd t'ngf ubf{ ljut #
jif{df qmdzM !(=#&, !^=&* / &=#^ k|ltzt /xL c;'n ug'{kg]{ /sd 36\bf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 . sf]ifn]
@)&% cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yf, ;xsf/L ;+:yf ;d]t ! xhf/ $#& ;+:yfdf nufgL
u/]sf]df c;'n gePsf] ;fFjf ?=@* s/f]8 ^# nfv *& xhf/dWo] !(@ ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] Dofb gf3]sf]
;fFjf ?=!& s/f]8 #! nfv *% xhf/, Aofh ?=@ s/f]8 *# nfv #$ xhf/ / hl/afgf ?=^^ nfv $
xhf/ ;d]t ?=@) s/f]8 *! nfv @# xhf/ c;'n x'g afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] $& ;xsf/L ;+:yf;Fu
lng'kg]{ ?=& s/f]8 %* nfv %% xhf/ ;d:ofu|:t b]lvPsf]] 5 . o:tf ;xsf/LnfO{ ;Demf}tfadf]lhd
sf/afxL u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
/fli6«o v]ns'b kl/ifb\ -@)&$.&%_
g]kfndf v]ns'bsf] ;+:yfut ljsf; ug{ ljqmd ;Djt\ @)!% ;fndf /fli6«o :jf:Yo tyf v]ns'b kl/ifb\sf]
gfddf :yfkgf eO{ v]ns'b kl/ifb\ ljsf; P]g, @)$* cGtu{t /fli6«o v]ns'b kl/ifb\ ;~rfngdf /x]sf] 5 .
kl/ifb\sf] nflu of] jif{ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ?=! ca{ &% s/f]8 (# nfv ^^ xhf/ / cfGtl/s ;|f]taf6 ?=$ s/f]8 **
nfv (( xhf/ ;d]t ?=! ca{ *) s/f]8 *@ nfv ^% xhf/ k|fKt ePsf]df sfo{qmd tyf ;~rfng vr{ ?=((
s/f]8 ^% nfv (! xhf/ eO{ ?=*! s/f]8 !^ nfv &% xhf/ jiff{Gtdf df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 .
10. n]vfk/LIf0f — /fli6«o v]ns'b ljsf; P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf @! -!_ df /fli6«o v]ns'b kl/ifb\sf] n]vfk/LIf0f
dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{noaf6 ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . v]ns'b ljsf; lgod, @)$( n] g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
ah]6af6 ;~rfng x'g] If]qLo / lhNnf v]ns'b ljsf; ;ldltsf] sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f btf{jfnf
n]vfk/LIfsaf6 u/fpg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . pQm Joj:yf P]gljk/Lt /x]sf] 5 . lgodfjnLdf ePsf]]
k|fjwfgsf] cfwf/df /fli6«o v]ns'b kl/ifb\ cGtu{tsf lhNnf v]ns'b ljsf; ;ldlt / If]qLo v]ns'b
ljsf; ;ldltdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;|f]taf6 ljlgof]lht @)&$.&% sf] ?=$% s/f]8 ^@ nfv &^ xhf/ /
@)&#.&$ sf] ?=(# s/f]8 ## nfv @! xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{noaf6 x'g;s]sf] 5}g
. lgodfjnLsf] Joj:yfadf]lhd @)&% kmfNu'0f d;fGt;Dddf *) dWo] @% ;ldltaf6 @)&$.&% sf]
n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg kl/ifb\df k|fKt ePsf]] b]lvof] . P]gsf] Joj:yfcg's"n lgodfjnL ;+zf]wg ug'{kb{5 .
11. ljQLo ljj/0fsf] z'4tf — k|f]befjL n]vf k|0ffnLcg';f/ ljQLo ljj/0f tof/ ubf{ ljqLo ljj/0fsf]
cËsf] ?kdf gub k|jfx ljj/0f ;d]t clgjfo{ tof/ ug'{kb{5 . kl/ifb\n] ut ljutb]lv g} gub k|jfx
ljj/0f tof/ u/]sf] 5}g . kl/ifb\n] ljQLo ljj/0fdf cfotkm{ a9L b]vfPsf] ?=#) nfv @)&$.&% df
;+zf]wg u/L 36fPsf] / vr{tkm{ ?=! s/f]8 #% nfv &% xhf/ j[l4 u/L ;+zf]wg u/]sf]df ;f]sf] v'nf;f
u/]sf] 5}g . oyfy{ ljQLo ljj/0f k]; gug]{ ;Da4 sd{rf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ oyfy{ ljj/0f k]; ug]{
12. nIo tyf k|ult — :jLs[t sfo{qmd cg';f/ of] jif{ k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f / sfo{qmdtkm{sf @ xhf/ @#&
lqmofsnfksf nflu ?=! cj{ @( s/f]8 && nfv @( xhf/ ljlgof]hg ePsf]df ! xhf/ ($& lqmofsnfk
;DkGg eO{ ?=! ca{ @ s/f]8 ^( nfv -&(=!@ k|ltzt_ vr{ ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;du|df ef}lts k|ult
*&=)$ k|ltzt /x] klg :jLs[t sfo{qmdWo] @() lqmofsnfk ;DkGg u/]sf] kfOPg . Go"g k|ult ePsf
k"jf{wf/nufotsf sfo{qmdsf] ;d:of klxrfg u/L nIocg';f/ k|ult ug{ Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
13. v]ns'b ;~rfng — /fli6«o v]ns'b ;+3x?af6 v]ns'b ;~rfng, c7f/f}+ v]ns'b tof/L ;~rfng,
k|fb]lzs v]ns'b k|ltof]lutf, /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o pTs[i6 v]nf8L k'/:s[t nufot sfo{qmd
;~rfng u/]sf] b]lvG5 . v]ns'b;DaGwL k|ult ljj/0f cg';f/ &! v]ns'b;DaGwL lqmofsnfkdWo]
zxLb lsdaxfb'/ yfkf :d[lt elnan k|ltof]lutf, gf]leg sk /fli6«o alS;Ë k|ltof]lutf, lqms]6 ljb]zL
k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f vr{, /fli6«o lnu k'm6an k|ltof]lutf / ldgL :6f/sf] cGt/f{li6«o cfdGq0f cN6«f
Dof/fy'g k|ltof]lutfdf ?=! s/f]8 !@ nfv %# xhf/ ljlgof]hg u/] klg ;~rfng geO{ ah]6 lgliqmo
/x]sf] kfOof] . jflif{s sfo{qmddf tf]lsPcg';f/sf sfo{;~rfng x'g'kb{5 .
14. v]n pknlAw — ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] nufgLcg'?k k|ltkmn k|fKt ug]{ clwstd k|of; ug'{kb{5 . v]ns'b
ljsf;sf] nflu ljut @) jif{b]lv ePsf] vr{ / cGt/f{li6«o v]nsf] pknlAw l:ylt lgDgfg';f/ b]lvG5M
kbs ;+Vof
;xefuL v]n:t/ ;xefuL -k6s_
:j0f{ cGo hDdf
cf]nlDks v]ns'b 13 - - -
Pl;ofnL v]ns'b 9 - 22 22
blIf0f Pl;ofnL v]ns'b 12 72 406 478
cf]nlDks v]ns'bdf ;g\ !(^$ b]lv ;xefuL ePsf]]df xfn;Dd kbs k|fKt x'g;s]sf] 5}g .
Pl;ofnL v]ns'bdf ;g\ !(*^ df * /ht, !((* df $ /ht / @)!$ df ! /ht kbs k|fKt ePsf]]
5 . o:t} blIf0f Pl;ofnL v]ns'bdf ;g\ !(*# df $ :j0f{;lxt @$, !((( df #! :j0f{;lxt ^% /
@)!^ df @ :j0f{;lxt ^) kbs k|fKt ePsf]] b]lvG5 . /fli6«o v]ns'b kl/ifb\n] @)%%.%^ df ?=!@
s/f]8 ^) nfv ## xhf/, @)^$.^% df ?=!( s/f]8 && nfv #) xhf/ / @)&#.&$ df ?=(( s/f]8
^^ nfv ^( xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] b]lvPsf]] 5 . o;/L v]ns'b If]qdf ;/sf/sf] nufgL a9\b} uPcg'?k
pknlAw xfl;n ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfosf] Wofgfsif{0f x'g'kb{5 .
15. dfgj;|f]t Joj:yfkg — sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)^* sf] lgod $ df k|zf;g,
k|lzIf0f / ljljw ;]jfsf] u7g / k|zf;g ;]jfleq k|zf;g, n]vf / sfg'g Pj+ ljljw cGtu{t

Ol~hlgol/Ë, lrlsT;f / v]n dgf]lj1fg ;d"x u7g ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;f]xL lgodsf] pklgod -*_ df
kl/ifb\sf] sfo{;Dkfbg ug{ cfjZos kg]{ ;+u7g ;+/rgf / b/aGbL kl/ifb\n] lgwf{/0f u/]adf]lhd x'g] /
b/aGbL 36a9 ubf{ dGqfnosf] k"j{:jLs[lt lng'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . kl/ifb\df cy{ dGqfnoaf6 @)^!.!.@%
df k|fKt kqfg';f/ &%) hgf :yfoL / @%) hgf s/f/;d]t ! xhf/ hgf /xg] u/L b/aGbL :jLs[t
ePsf]]df ^%^ :yfoL / #$^ s/f/df sfo{/tnfO{ tna eQf vr{ u/]sf]n] s/f/tk{m b/aGbLeGbf (^
hgfnfO{ a9L vr{ u/]sf] 5 . :jLs[t b/aGbLcg';f/ vr{ ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf]] 5 .
sfo{;Dkfbg tyf cg'ejsf] cfwf/df a9'jf ePsf !)( sd{rf/Lsf] ;dfof]hg ePsf]]
gb]lvPsf]n] b/aGbL cg';f/ s]Gb|, If]q / lhNnfdf sd{rf/L kb:yfkgf tyf kbk"lt{ ePsf]] 5}g . ;fy}
zx/L If]q tyf ;'ljwf ;DkGg :yfgdf a9L sd{rf/L s]lGb|t /x]sf] b]lvPsf]] 5 . sfo{/t k|lzIfsdWo]
k"jf{~rnsf !^ lhNnfdf !)% hgf, dWodf~rnsf !( lhNnfdf @#) hgf, klZrdf~rnsf !^
lhNnfdf #( hgf, dWoklZrdf~rnsf !% lhNnfdf ^& hgf, ;'b"/ klZrdf~rnsf ( lhNnfdf $@
hgf sfo{/t /x]sf 5g\ . k|lzIfssf] cfjZostfcg';f/ Joj:yfkg ug'{kb{5 .
16. lkmtf{ bflvnf – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod ## df jiff{Gtdf vr{ geO{ afFsL /x]sf]
/sd lk|mh ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ;zt{ cg'bfg Gtu{t lgsf;f k|fKt eO{ kl/ifb\
cGtu{t lhNnf v]ns'b ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ lgsf;f lbPsf]df lhNnf v]ns'b ljsf; ;ldltaf6 vr{
geO{ lkmtf{ u/]sf] ?=*% nfv $@ xhf/ /sd kl/ifb\n] ;+3Lo ;l~rtsf]if lkmtf{ gu/L ;ldltsf]
vftfdf df}Hbft b]vfPsf] 5 . pQm /sd ;l~rtsf]if lkmtf{ ug'{kb{5 .
17. k'FhLut vr{ — o; jif{ /fli6«o v]ns'b kl/ifb\n] lhNnf v]ns'b ljsf; ;ldlt / If]qLo v]ns'b ljsf;
;ldltx?;d]t ^! ;+:yfnfO{ k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ug{ ?=@! s/f]8 (% nfv ^ xhf/ lgsf;f lbPsf]df ;f]sf] vr{
/ k|ult ljj/0f k]; gePsf] ;fy} kl/ifb\sf] /0fgLlt of]hgfcg';f/ eP gePsf], cg'udg u/]sf] 5}g .
k'FhLut afx]s cGoq vr{ ug{ gldNg] u/L ;zt{ cg'bfg lbPsf]df vr{ / k|ult ljj/0fsf] cefjdf
tf]s]adf]lhd vr{ ePsf]] ;DaGwdf cfZj:t x'g ;lsPg . k"jf{wf/ sfo{df vr{ ePsf]] k|df0f k]; x'g'kb{5 .
18. k]:sL afFsLsf] cj:yf — kl/ifb\sf] cfly{s k|zf;g ;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)^@ sf] lgod &@ b]lv *!
;Dd k]:sL lbFbf k|of]hg v'nfpg], klxn]sf] k]:sL km5\of}{6 gx'Fb} yk k]:sL lbg gx'g], k]:sL lng]sf]
lj:t[t ljj/0f v'nfO{ tf]lsPsf] ;dodf km5\of}{6 ug]{, k]:sLsf] cg'udg cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f zfvfaf6
x'g'kg]{ / n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df sfg'gadf]lhd sf/afxL x'g] pNn]v 5 . ljQLo ljj/0f
cg';f/ ut jif{sf] k]:sL lhDd]jf/L ?=(@ s/f]8 !! nfv ^* xhf/ /x]sf]df of] jif{ ?=( s/f]8 ^*
nfv $! xhf/ km5\of]{6 u/]sf] / ?=## s/f]8 # nfv @* xhf/ yk ePsf] ;d]t @)&% cfiff9
d;fGt;Dd ?=! ca{ !% s/f]8 $^ nfv ^& xhf/ -ut jif{sf] eGbf @%=#% k|ltzt j[l4_ k]:sL afFsL
/x]sf]n] pQm k]:sL c;'n km5\of}{6 ug{ yk ;lqmo x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 . k]:sL afFsLsf] cj:yf lgDgfg';f/ 5M
-?=xhf/df_
qm=;+ ljj/0f ;+Vof /sd qm=;+ ljj/0f ;+Vof /sd
JolQmut k]:sL ;+:yfut k]:sL
1 k"j{ sd{rf/L 113 85,57 1 If]lqo v]ns'b ljsf; ;ldlt 5 15,88,67
2 k"j{dGqL 3 2,24 2 lhNnf v]ns'b ljsf; ;ldlt 75 19,47,65
3 k" j { ;b:o 65 1,04,93 3 /fli6«o ;+3x? 98 28,30,98
4 k"j{ If]qLo cWoIf÷;b:o 18 11,65 4 z}lIfs ;+:yfx? 11 13,13
5 kqsf/ 59 27,33 5 hgd"lQm ;]gf g]kfn 1 19,06
6 k" j { ;+ 3 ÷;+ 3 sf kbflwsf/L 38 40,43 6 g]kfnL ;]gf 1 22,87
7 axfnjfnf sd{rf/L 511 10,06,72 7 ;z:q k|x/L an 1 21,69
8 k"j{ kbflwsf/L 4 87 8 g]kfn k|x/L 1 44,64
9 k"j{ ;b:o ;lrj 6 18,41 9 cg';Gwfg kl/;/ 2 1,72
10 ljb]zL k|lzIfs÷k"j{ ljb]zL= k|lzIfs 10 23,99 10 cfly{ s k| z f;g zfvf -/f=v] = k_ 1 2,50
11 cGo - 6,74,35 11 df]lanfOh]zg tyf cGo ;+:yfx? 145 30,57,27
hDdf 95,50,18
hDdf 19,96,49 s'n hDdf k]:sL 1,15,46,67

19. slG6Gh]G;L vr{ — ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !) -&_ df lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nfut
cg'dfgdf js{ rfh{ :6fkm vr{ @=% k|ltzt / ;fgfltgf cGo vr{ @=% k|ltzt;Dd ;dfj]z ug{
;lsg] Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ kl/ifb\n] di6/f]n, cg'udg tyf e|d0f, sfof{no ;~rfng nufotdf ?=@
s/f]8 ## nfv *^ xhf/ vr{ u]sf] b]lvof] . ;f] vr{dWo] lgdf{0f;Fu k|ToIf c;DalGwt / ljb]z e|d0f,
cltl/Qm ;do eQf, sfo{If]q aflx/sf sd{rf/Lsf] tna eQfdf ?=@! nfv * xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
slG6Gh]G;L vr{ ubf{ of]hgfut clen]v /fvL nfut cg'dfgsf] cfwf/df vr{ n]Vg'kg]{df clen]v
g/fvL vr{ u/]sf] 5 . slG6Gh]G;L vr{sf] of]hgf tyf 7]Ssfut clen]v /fvL tf]lsPsf]] ;Ldf /
;DalGwt sfo{df dfq vr{ ug]{ Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
20. cfly{s ;xfotf — kl/ifb\sf] cfly{s k|zf;g lgodfjnL, @)^@ -;+zf]wg;lxt_ sf] lgod *& df
kl/ifb\sf] gubL lhG;L dfn;fdfg s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ x:tfGt/0f, bfg bftJo ubf{ jf cfly{s
;xfotf lbFbf ?=@% xhf/;Dd ;b:o ;lrjn] lbg;Sg] / ;f]eGbf a9L ePdf kl/ifb\sf] :jLs[lt lng'kg]{
Joj:yf 5 . o; jif{ cfly{s ;xfotf lbg kfpg] ;Ldfleq ^$ ;+3 ;+:yf / Snax?nfO{ ?=!% nfv !^
xhf/ / cfly{s ;xfotf lbg kfpg] ;Ldf gfl3 @& ;+3 ;+:yf / Snax?nfO{ ?=!* nfv ^@ xhf/
;d]t (! ;+3 ;+:yf / SannfO{ ?=## nfv &* xhf/ cfly{s ;xfotf vr{ n]v]sf] 5 . lgodljk/Lt
cfly{s ;xfotf lbg] sfo{nfO{ lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
21. lgdf{0f sfo{df l9nfO — ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL tyf vl/b ;Demf}tfdf pNn]lvt ;dofjlwdf sfo{
;DkGg ug'{kb{5 . pQm cjlwdf lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] sf/0faf6 lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg x'g g;s]df
;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@! adf]lhd k"j{ lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ lng'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
21.1. bz/y /+uzfnfdf 5fgf /fVg] sfo{ @)&@.$.& df ;DkGg ug]{ u/L Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu @)&!.!.*
df ?=* s/f]8 #& nfv &^ xhf/df ;Demf}tf ePsf]]df @!( k|ltzt Dofb yk u/L @)&$.!@.#) df
dfq sfo{ ;DkGg u/L ?=* s/f]8 ^* nfv @ xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . kof{Kt k'i6\ofO{ a]u/
k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ lnO{ Dofb yk u/]sf] 5 .
21.2. kf]v/f ax'p2]ZoLo se8{xn lgdf{0f sfo{ @)&@.#.@# df ;DkGg ug]{u/L Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu
@)&).!@.@$ df ?=!$ s/f]8 #) nfv $# xhf/df ;Demf}tf ePsf]]df @#$ k|ltzt Dofb yk ubf{
;d]t sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf]] 5}g . @)&%.@.#) ;Dd ?=!# s/f]8 #! nfv !& xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf]]df
Dofb ;dfKt ePkl5 @)&%.#.@% df !& / !* cf}+ /lgª lansf] ?=@ s/f]8 %# nfv &$ xhf/ e'QmfgL
ubf{ lgod !@! adf]lhd ?=& nfv #^ xhf/ k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
22. a9L e'QmfgL — :jLs[t gD;{ cg';f/ ejg lgdf{0fdf k|of]u x'g] ljleGg ;fOhsf] kmnfd] 808Lsf] lx;fa
ubf{ NofK; lro/ j]i6 cflbsf] nflu % k|ltzt yk u/L b/ ljZn]if0f u/]sf] cj:yfdf lgdf{0f bz/y
/+uzfnfsf] k"j{tkm{sf] Kof/flkm6 Ans lgdf{0f tyf ;ftbf]af6f]l:yt :jLldËk'n -lbl/Ë l;i6d_ lgdf{0f
sfo{sf] lan e'QmfgL ubf{ gfkL lstfacg';f/ s'n vkt ePsf]] sfo{ kl/df0fdf s6lk;/NoflkË pNn]v
u/L b'O{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ kmnfd] 808Lsf] kl/df0f * xhf/ #^) s]=hL yk u/L ?=* nfv $% xhf/
e'QmfgL lbPsf]] kfOof] . gD;{cg';f/ b/ ljZn]if0f ubf{s} avt % k|ltzt yk u/]sf]df k'gM yk u/L
e'QmfgL lbg ldNg] gb]lvPsf]]n] pQm /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
o;}u/L d"nkfgL lqms]6 d}bfg lgdf{0fsf] gfkL lstfadf 9'Ëfsf] ;f]lnË ug]{ sfdsf] s'n sfo{
kl/df0f $)(=$% 3gld6/ pNn]v ePsf]df !@ cf}F tyf clGtd lanaf6 ^&%=(& 3gld6/sf] k|lt
3=ld=?=# xhf/n] ?=@) nfv @* xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf]] kfOof] . o;/L gfkL lstfadf plNnlvt
kl/df0feGbf a9L kl/df0f @^^=%@ 3=ld=sf] ?=( nfv # xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
23. k|f]lehgn ;dsf] e'QmfgL — lgdf{0f ;]jf;Fu ePsf]] ;Demf}tfsf] ;fwf/0f zt{df k|f]lehgn ;dcGtu{t
vr{ ug'{k/]df sfof{no k|d'vaf6 k"j:{ jLs[lt lng'kg]{ / vr{sf] lan e/kfO{;lxt zf]wegf{ dfu ug'{kg]{
pNn]v 5 . kl/ifb\\n] Rof;n k'm6an /+uzfnf lgdf{0f sfo{ ug]{ Joj;foLnfO{ k|yd lansf] ?=! s/f]8
&^ nfv #! xhf/ e'QmfgL ubf{ k|f]lehn ;ddf /fv]sf] /sdaf6 sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgtsf] a}Í Uof/]G6L

z'Ns ?=!$ nfv *! xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf]] kfOof] . ;Demf}tfsf] zt{cg';f/ k"j{:jLs[lt tyf vr{ k'li6
x'g] lan e/kfO{a]u/ e'QmfgL lbPsf] pQm /sd c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
24. k/fdz{ ;]jf — ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @( -!_ -s_ df sfof{nodf pknAw hgzlQmaf6
s'g} sfd x'g g;Sg] ePdf k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ug{;Sg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . ljefuLo hgzlQmaf6
u/fpg ;lsg] sfddf ;d]t of] jif{ afx\o k/fdz{bftf /fvL ?=@ s/f]8 %* nfv #! xhf/ vr{ u/]sf]
b]lvG5 . ;f]dWo] lglZrt ;]jf zt{sf] k|flKtsf nflu ;DalGwt If]qdf ljlzi6tf 1fg xfl;n u/]sf]
lj1sf] ;]jf lng'kg]{df kfFr :yfgsf] ;]jf sfo{sf] nflu k"j{ kbflwsf/L / ;+:yfnfO{ /fvL ?=@& nfv
k/fdz{ ;]jfdf vr{ u/]sf] 5 . ljefuLo hgzlQm kl/rfng u/L k/fdz{ ;]jf vr{df lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
/fli6«o v]ns'b kl/ifb\ -@)&#.&$_
kl/ifb\sf] nflu of] jif{ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ?=! ca{ (# s/f]8 # nfv / cfGtl/s ;|f]t ?=# s/f]8 !! nfv
;d]t ?=! ca{ (^ s/f]8 !$ nfv k|fKt ePsf]df sfo{qmd tyf ;~rfngdf ?=! ca{ ! s/f]8 @ nfv -%!=%)
k|ltzt_ vr{ u/L ?=(% s/f]8 !@ nfv df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 .
25. ljQLo ljj/0fsf] z'4tf — k|f]befjL n]vf k|0ffnL cg';f/ ljQLo ljj/0f tof/ ubf{ gub k|jfx ljj/0f
clgjfo{ tof/ ug'{kb{5 . kl/ifb\n] ut ljutb]lv g} gub k|jfx ljj/0f tof/ u/]sf] 5}g .
n]vfk/LIf0fsf] l;nl;nfdf gub k|jfx ljj/0f tof/ u/L ljZn]if0f ubf{ gub tyf a}Í df}Hbft ?=(
s/f]8 @! nfv @& xhf/ b]lvg'kg]{df jf;nftdf gub tyf a}Í df}Hbft ?=* s/f]8 (# nfv @$ xhf/
b]lvPsf]]n] ?=@* nfv # xhf/ a}Í df}Hbft 36L /x]sf] b]lvof] .
;ftf}F /fli6«o v]ns'b k|ltof]lutfsf] vftf k/LIf0f ubf{ tLg ah]6 zLif{saf6 s'n ?=@# s/f]8
*# nfv %* xhf/ vr{ n]v]sf]]df ljQLo ljj/0fdf ?=@@ s/f]8 #@ nfv #* xhf/ vr{ b]vfPsf] 5 .
;|]:tf / ljQLo ljj/0fdf ?=! s/f]8 %! nfv @) xhf/ km/s b]lvPsf]df sf/0f v'nfPsf] 5}g . To:t}
sLlt{k'/ lqms]6 d}bfgnufot ^ v]n d}bfg lgdf{0f sfo{sf] vftfdfeGbf ljQLo ljj/0fdf ?=& s/f]8 *@
nfv a9L vr{ b]vfPsf] tyf /+uzfnf lgdf{0f sfo{sf] vr{ vftfdf ?=& s/f]8 @& nfv vr{ b]vfP
tfklg ljQLo ljj/0fdf ;dfj]z gu/]sf]n] oyfy{ lx;fj tof/ ug'{kb{5 . ;Dk"0f{ ;DklQ, bfloTj,
cfDbfgL / vr{ ;dfj]z u/L oyfy{ ljj/0f tof/ ug'{kb{5 .
26. ;ftf}F /fli6«o v]ns'bsf] vr{ — k"jf{~rndf @)&#.(.* b]lv !% ;Dd ;~rfng ePsf]] ;ftf}+ /fli6«o v]ns'b
k|ltof]lutfsf] nflu % If]q / # ljefuLo l6d ;lDdlnt #! v]ndf @ xhf/ #)# k'?if tyf ! xhf/ ^^( dlxnf
;d]t # xhf/ (&@ v]nf8L ;xefuL ePsf]] b]lvG5 . pQm k|ltof]lutfsf] nflu ?=#) s/f]8 %( nfv @% xhf/
ljlgof]hg ePsf]]df ut jif{ ?=! s/f]8 %* nfv $# xhf/;d]t ?=#$ s/f]8 && nfv @# xhf/ vr{ u/]sf]n]
?=$ s/f]8 !& nfv (* xhf/ a9L vr{ u/]sf] 5 . k|To]s sfo{qmdsf] gD;{cg';f/ nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/L
vr{ ug'{kg]{df vr{sf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ gu/]sf], vr{sf] clen]v cBfjlws gePsf] / v]n ;DkGg ePsf]] @
jif{ kl5;Dd ;f]xL sfo{qmdf vr{ n]vfÍg ug]{ u/]sf]n] cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnLnfO{ ;'b[9 ug'{kb{5 .
27. ;fk6L — kl/ifb\sf] cfly{s k|zf;g ;DaGwL lgodfjnLdf ;fk6L lbg] Joj:yf 5}g . ut ljut jif{b]lv g}
!^ v]n ;+3/;+:yf/;ldlt, ^ JolQm / cGo ;d]tnfO{ lbPsf]] ;fk6L ?=(( nfv #@ xhf/ lkmtf{ k|fKt
gePsf]df of] jif{ g]kfn lqms]6 ;+3nfO{ lbPsf]] ?=( nfv $% xhf/;d]t s'n ;fk6L ?=! s/f]8 * nfv
&& xhf/ k'u]sf] 5 . ;fk6L n}hfg]dWo] sfd ;DkGg e} eË;d]t eO;s]sf] cf7f}F blIf0f Pl;ofnL v]ns'b,
@)%^ ;Fu ?=!* nfv !% xhf/ afFsL b]lvPsf]] 5 . ;Dk"0f{ ;fk6L cfjZos sf/afxL u/L lkmtf{ lng'kb{5 .
28. yk Jooef/ — ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @^ -!_ -v_ df Go"gtd d"NoflÍt ;f/e"t ?kdf
k|efju|fxL af]nkqsf] af]n cÍ nfut cg'dfgeGbf ;f/e"t ?kdf a9L ePdf ;Dk"0f{ af]nkq c:jLs[t
ug{ jf vl/b sf/afxL /2 ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . /fli6«o v]ns'b kl/ifb\n] ;ftbf]af6f]l:yt
tftf]kfgL;lxtsf] kf}8L kf]v/L lgdf{0f ug{ % k|ltzt slG6Gh]G;L, !) k|ltzt lkmlhsn slG6Gh]G;L,
!) k|ltzt d"No ;dfof]hg tyf !# k|ltzt d"No clej[l4 s/ ;d]t ?=#& s/f]8 (& nfv &$
xhf/sf] nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t u/]sf] 5 . af]nkq d"NofÍg ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu pQm sfo{sf] nfut
cg'dfg d"No clej[l4 s/ ;d]t ?=@@ s/f]8 $@ nfv @) xhf/ x'g] b]lvG5 . kl/ifb\n] Go"gtd saf]n
ug]{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] saf]n cÍ d"No clej[l4 s/;d]t ?=@% s/f]8 @) nfv (# xhf/ :jLs[t
u/]sf] kfOof] . nfut cg'dfgsf] t'ngfdf ?=@ s/f]8 &* nfv &# xhf/ a9L x'g] u/L af]nkq :jLs[t
u/]sf] ;DaGwdf pko'Qm sf/0f;lxt k'li6 ul/g'kb{5 .
29. d"nkfgL lqms]6 d}bfg — d'nkfgLl:yt lqm]s6 d}bfgsf] @(! /f]kgL !!cfgf @ bfd hUufleq !)
hgfsf] gfddf @ /f]kgL @ cfgf # bfd hUuf /x]sf] 5 . pQm hUuf clwu|x0f ug{ @)&#.#.!# df k|d'v
lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] cWoIftfdf a;]sf] a}7sn] af6f] gePsf] pQm hUufsf] dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] d"NofÍg
k|ltcfgf ?=! nfv /x]sf]df k|ltcfgf ?=% nfvsf b/n] d"NofÍg u/L !% lbgleq d'cfAhf lng cfpg
@)&#.#.!% ut] uf]/vfkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm hUufsf] d'cfAhf ljt/0f ug{
@)&@.&# df kl/ifb\n] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, sf7df08f}df ?=@ s/f]8 ($ nfv k7fPsf] b]lvG5 .
hUuf k|lKt P]g, @)#$ sf] bkmf !@ df ;f] Dofb u'hf/]df hUuf sJhfdf lnO{ h'g k|of]hgsf] nflu
clwu|x/0f u/]sf] xf] ;f]xL k|of]hgsf] nflu ;DalGwt sfof{nonfO{ a'emfpg'kg]{ pNn]v ePsf]]df hUuf
sAhf u/]sf] kfOPg . tL JolQmx?nfO{ d'cfjhfsf] ;§f hUuf g} zf]wegf{ lbg] u/L dGqfnodf
@)&$.(.!# df kmfOn k7fPsf] 5 . hUuf k|flKt P]g cg';f/ sf/afxL k|lqmof 6'Ëf] nflu;s]sf]df sfg'gL
Joj:yf a]u/ k'gM hUuf ;§fk§fsf] k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg' plrt gb]lvFbf pQm hUuf k|fKt u/L
ef]urng ug'{kb{5 .
o;sf cltl/Qm pQm v]n d}bfgsf] If]qkmn @($ /f]kgL !! cfgf @ bfd hUufdWo] @$^ /f]kgL
g]kfn lqms]6 ;+3n] k|of]u ug{ #) jif{sf] nflu @)^!.&.!( df s/f/df lbPsf] 5 . o;/L s/f/df lbPsf]]
hUufdf kl/ifb\n] lqms]6 Ps]8]dL lgdf{0f ;DaGwL yk sfo{ ug{ ?=@@ s/f]8 (% nfv (( xhf/sf] nfut
cg'dfg tof/ u/L ah]6 ;'lglZrtfsf nflu dGqfnodf n]vL k7fPsf] b]lvof] . eljiodf ljjfb gx'g] u/L
lgdf{0f sfo{ ug'{kb{5 .
30. hUuf l:ylt — lhNnf:t/Lo v]n d}bfgsf] If]qkmn ;DaGwdf dfkb08 tf]s]sf] 5}g . kl/ifb\sf] gfddf
@) lhNnfdf # cfgf ! k};f @ bfdb]lv $ /f]kgL !! cfgf;Ddsf] v]n d}bfg /x]sf] 5 . ;fy} @*
lhNnfdf /x]sf v]n d}bfgdWo] !$ lhNnfsf v]n d}bfgsf] :jfldTj kl/ifb\df /x]sf] 5}g . afFsL !$
lhNnfdf /x]sf v]n d}bfgsf] btf{ ePsf]] kfOPg .
bz/y /+uzfnf / o;sf] j/k/ ;d]t u/L !#@ /f]kgL hUuf /x]sf] ljj/0f k]; eP klg sf7df08f}
dxfgu/sf] tTsfnLg j8f g+=!! sf] !)@—!!$$—)% / !)@—!!$%—)! sf] 6«]; / k|fKt k|df0f cg';f/ lsQf
g+=@!^ / !(* u/L @ lsQf hUuf /x]sf]df !(* lsQfsf] #& /f]kgL ( cfgf @ bfd hUuf kl/ifb\sf] gfddf
/x]sf] 5 eg] bz/y /+uzfnfsf] se8{xn, v'nf /+uzfnf / Kof/flkm6 /x]sf] lsQf g+=@!^ sf] hUufsf] :jfldTj
kl/ifb\;Fu /x]sf] b]lvPg . pQm hUuf kl/ifb\sf] gfddf Nofpg ljz]if kxn ug'{kg]{ b]lvof] .
31. /fli6«o v]n ;+3 — v]ns'b ljsf; P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !# adf]lhd kl/ifb\df @)&%.#.!) ;Dd @)$ /fli6«o
v]n ;+3 btf{ ePsf]]df v]ns'b ultljlw ug{ g;s]sf], lgodfg';f/ btf{ / gjLs/0f x'g g;s]sf] pNn]v u/L
!& ;+3 vf/]h u/L !*& cl:tTjdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . cl:tTjdf /x]sf v]n ;+3dWo] @)^*.^( b]lv @)&$.&%
;Dd gjLs/0f gePsf %), Ps cfly{s jif{sf] nflu gjLs/0f ug]{ !$ / @ jif{ gjLs/0f u/fpg] @^ ;+:yf
/x]sf 5g\ . /fli6«o v]n ;+3 sfo{ ;xhLs/0f sfo{ljlw, @)&) sf] a'Fbf @=#=@ df ;dodf gjLs/0f gu/fpg]
;+3nfO{ kl/ifb\af6 s'g} klg ;'ljwf tyf l;kmfl/; pknAw ul/g] 5}g eGg] Joj:yf ePtfklg @)&#.&$ df
gjLs/0f gePsf v]ns'bnfO{ ?=^$ nfv cg'bfg pknAw u/fPsf]] 5 . ctM /fli6«o v]n ;+3sf] ;~rfng /
gaLs/0f ;DaGwdf cg'udg ug'{kb{5 .
32. cg'bfg df}Hbft — g]kfn ;/sf/ jf cGo lgsfoaf6 s'g} of]hgf jf sfo{qmd tf]sL jf lglZrt p2]Zo
k|flKtsf] nflu ljlgof]hg u/]sf] ;zt{ cg'bfg /sd ;f]xL sfo{qmddf vr{ gePdf ;l~rt sf]if lkmtf{
ug'{kb{5 . Ps lqms]6 k|lzIfsnfO{ k|wfgdGqL sk lqms]6 k|ltof]lutf ;~rfng ug{ @)&#.#.!( df
?=$) nfv k]:sL lbPsf]]df ;f] k|ltof]lutf ug{ g;s]sf] sf/0f hgfO{ @)&#.%.@^ df gub} kl/ifb\sf]
a}Í vftfdf hDdf u/]sf] b]lvof] . l9nf bflvnf u/]sf] ^^ lbgsf] !) k|ltzt Aofh ?=&@ xhf/ ;d]t
?=$) nfv &@ xhf/, ljleGg If]qLo v]ns'b ljsf; ;ldlt / lhNnf v]ns'b ljsf; ;ldltnfO{
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ lgsf;f lbPsf]] /sd tf]s]sf sfo{qmd ;~rfng gu/L jiff{Gtdf df}Hbft /x]sf]
;zt{ cg'bfg ?=@ s/f]8 $% nfv #% xhf/ / ;ftf}+ /fli6«o v]ns'b k|ltof]lutf ;~rfngsf
l;nl;nfdf ljleGg If]qLo v]ns'b ljsf; ;ldlt, v]ns'b ;~rfng pk;ldlt tyf JolQmx?nfO{
pknAw u/fPsf]] /sddWo] sfo{qmd ;~rfng x'g g;sL afFsL /x]sf] ?=&^ nfv $! xhf/ ;d]t ?=#
s/f]8 ^@ nfv $* xhf/ ;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
33. a9L e'QmfgL — lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ kl/ifb\n] /fli6«o kf}8L ;+3;Fu u/]sf] ;Demf}tf cg';f/ s'n
lgdf{0f vr{sf] @) k|ltzt ;+3n] / *) k|ltzt kl/ifb\n] Joxf]g]{ pNn]v u/]sf]df lgdf{0f Joj;foLn]
k]; u/]sf] klxnf] /lgª lan adf]lhd d"No clej[l4 s/ ;d]t ?=($ nfv ^) xhf/ e'QmfgL ubf{
;Demf}tf adf]lhd kf}8L ;+3af6 Joxf]g'{kg]{ @) k|ltzt of]ubfg s§f u/L afFsL /sd e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{df
k"/} e'QmfgL u/]sf]]n] a9L e'QmfgL ePsf]] ?=!* nfv (@ xhf/ /fli6«o kf}8L ;+3af6 c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
34. cfly{s ;xfotf — kl/ifb\sf] cfly{s k|zf;g lgodfjnL, @)^@ -;+zf]wg ;lxt_ sf] lgod *& df
kl/ifb\sf] gubL lhG;L dfn;fdfg s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ x:tfGt/0f, bfg bftJo ubf{ jf cfly{s
;xfotf lbFbf ?=@% xhf/;Dd ;b:o ;lrjn] / ;f]eGbf a9L ePdf kl/ifb\sf] :jLs[lt lng'kg]{ Joj:yf
ePsf]]df ;f] ;LdfeGbf a9L ?=@% nfv *^ xhf/ cfly{s ;xfotf e'QmfgL lbPsf]]df kl/ifb\sf] :jLs[lt
lnPsf]] b]lvPg . lgod ljk/Lt cfly{s ;xfotf lbg] kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ ;f] /sd kl/ifb\af6
:jLs[t ePsf]] k|df0f k]; ug'{kb{5 .
cg'udg tyf a]?h"
• cg'udg — ut ljutsf] k|ltj]bgdf gLlt tyf sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L?kn] sfof{Gjog gePsf], k|ult Go"g
/x]sf], o'jf pBd sfo{qmd cGtu{t nufgL Go"g /x]sf], lqms]6 d}bfgsf] lgdf{0f sfo{df l9nfO ePsf]
nufotsf Joxf]/f cf}+NofPsf]df of] jif{ klg ;'wf/ ePsf] b]lvPg . ljutsf Joxf]/f k'g/fj[lQ gx'g] u/L
sfo{;Dkfbg ug'{kb{5 .
• a]?h" l:ylt — of] jif{ dGqfno / dftxt;d]tsf lgsfosf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] a]?h"sf] l:ylt b]xfo
cg';f/ 5M
➢ ;/sf/L sfof{notkm{ $( lgsfodf ?=!( s/f]8 !@ nfv && xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg
pknAw u/fPkl5 ?=!^ nfv % xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=!* s/f]8 (^ nfv &@ xhf/ afFsL /x]sf] 5 .
;f]dWo] ?=*% nfv !! xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL !% df 5 .
➢ ;+ul7t ;+:yf # tkm{ ?=# ca{ @@ s/f]8 %( nfv &# xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg
pknAw u/fPkl5 ?=! ca{ $$ s/f]8 #^ nfv (& xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=! ca{ &* s/f]8 @@ nfv
&^ xhf/ a]?h" afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=!$ nfv ^^ xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL
ljj/0f cg';"rL !^ df 5 .

/Iff dGqfno
dGqfnosf] sfo{If]qdf /fli6«o ;'/Iff;DaGwL gLlt, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf] th'{df, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg
/ d"NofÍg, ;]gfsf] Joj:yfkg, ljkb\ p4f/ sfo{df ;xof]u, /fli6«o lgs'~h, jGohGt' cf/If / dxTjk"0f{ /fli6«o
;Dkbf tyf :df/ssf] ;'/Iffnufotsf sfo{ /x]sf 5g\ . dGqfno;d]t #)$ lgsfoaf6 ;]jf k|jfx x'Fb} cfPsf]
5 .
dGqfno / dftxt lgsfosf] of] jif{ ljlgof]hg ?=^^ ca{ ( s/f]8 $( nfv, /fh:j ?=(& s/f]8 !)
nfv / w/f}6L ?=! ca{ *$ s/f]8 #& nfv;d]t ?=^* ca{ () s/f]8 (^ nfvsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
;ldlt / cGo ;+:yf;d]t ^ sf] ?= $@ ca{ !% s/f]8 # nfvsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . ;f]
sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
1. gLlt sfof{Gjog – g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf नेपालको ;du| /fli6«o lxt k|j4{gsf] nflu
/fli6«o ;'/Iff gLlt sfof{Gjog ul/g] pNn]v 5 . ;f] sf] nflu dGqfnonfO{ ah]6 Joj:yf;d]t ePsf]df
sfof{Gjog ePsf] b]lvPg . To;}u/L ah]6 jQmJodf b]ze/ 5l/P/ /x]sf] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTjdf
/x]sf If]qLo ;+u|xfnox?, P]ltxfl;s u9L / lsNnfx? ;+/If0f, ;+j4{gsf] nflu g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ lhDdf
lbOg] pNn]v 5 . g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ lhDdf lbg'kg]{ ;Dkbfx?sf] ljj/0f tof/ u/]sf] kfOPg . ;/f]sf/jfnf
lgsfox?;Fu ;dGjo u/L gLlt sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
g]kfnL ;]gf
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf g]kfnsf] :jtGqtf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf, ef}uf]lns cv08tf :jflwgtf / /fli6«o Pstfsf]
/Iffsf nflu g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Ps ;+u7g /xg] / g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ ;+3Lo sfg'gadf]lhd ljsf;
lgdf{0f / ljkb\ Joj:yfkgnufotsf cGo sfo{df ;d]t kl/rfng ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 .
;Def//yLsf] sfof{no
sfof{non] g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ cfjZos ljleGg ;fdfg, pks/0f, ;jf/L;fwg / kf6{k'hf{sf] vl/b;DaGwL
sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
2. k|tLtkq – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !!# df k|tLtkqAff6 dfn;fdfg pknJw
u/fpg] cfk"lt{stf{jf6 lgwf{l/t ;doleq dfn;fdfg k|fKt x'g g;s]df k|tLtkq /2 u/L ;f]afkt
a}Ídf hDdf ePsf] /sd lkmtf{ lnO{ k|tLtkq k]:sL km5\of}{6 ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . pknAw ljj/0fcg';f/
@)%&.%* b]lv @)&#.&$ ;Ddsf] ?=$ ca{ @* s/f]8 @% nfvsf] *# k|tLtkq k]:sL km5\of}{6 x'g
afFsL /x]sf]n] ;dodf ;fdfg k|fKt gePsf] tyf km5\of}{6;DaGwL sf/afxL gu/]sf] cj:yf b]lvG5 .
;fdfg k|fKt u/L jf k|tLtkq aGb u/L k]:sL km5\of}{6 ug'{kb{5 .
3. ;'/Iff ;fdu|L vl/b – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod &* df cfly{s jif{sf]
cGTo;Dddf sfd x'g gkfO{ s]jn ah]6 lk|mh x'g glbg] p2]Zon] dfq s;}nfO{ k]:sL lbg gx'g] pNn]v
5 . Ps ljb]zL ;/sf/dfkm{t vl/b x'g] ;'/Iff ;fdu|Lsf] nflu k|fKt cfly{s k|:tfjsf cfwf/df
k|tLtkq vf]Ng g]kfn /fi6« a}Ídf ?=*^ s/f]8 $# nfv %% xhf/ k7fPsf]df /sd ck'u ePsf] hgfO{
k|tLtkq v'Ng g;s]sf] / /sd lkmtf{ klg gePsf] l:ylt 5 . cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] ^ dlxgfeGbf
a9L ;do JotLt e};Sbf klg k]:sL clgl0f{t cj:yfdf /xg' lgod;Ddt b]lvFb}g . vl/b ;DaGwdf
tTsfn lg0f{o ug'{kb{5 .
4. ljlgdo b/df j[l4 – lelecfOkL ldl8od x]lnsf]K6/sf] vl/b k|lqmof utjif{ g} k|f/De eP tfklg
cfly{s k|:tfj :jLs[ltdf l9nfO ePsf] sf/0f @)&$.&.#) df dfq vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf] b]lvG5 .
sfof{non] k|tLtkq vf]Ng] k|of]hgsf nflu g]kfn /fi6« a}ÍnfO{ @)&$.!).!) df ?=! ca{ &) s/f]8sf]
r]s k7fPsf]df ztk|ltzt dflh{g /sd gk'u ePsf] sf/0f sf/afxL cl3 ga9fPsf]n] @)&%.!.@) df
/Iff dGqfno
?=!( s/f]8 !* nfv yk u/]sf] b]lvG5 . of] cjlwdf o'/f]sf] ljlgdo b/ ?=!!*.)( af6 j[l4 e}
?=!@*.#! k'u]sf]n] ;Demf}tf /sd o'/f] ! s/f]8 $# nfv #$ xhf/sf] nflu sl/j ?=!$ s/f]8 ^%
nfv yk Jooef/ kg{ uPsf] 5 .
OlGhlgol/ª ljefu
g]kfnL ;]gfsf] nflu cfjZos ejg tyf cfjf; u[x lgdf{0f / dd{t ug{ @)&!.!!.% df o;
ljefusf] :yfkgf ePsf] b]lvG5 . of] jif{ sfof{no ejg, cfjf; u[x / sf7df8f}+ t/fO{ dw]z b|'tdfu{ ;8s
cfof]hgf ;DaGwL sfo{ ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 .
• sf7df8f}–+ t/fO{÷dw]z b|'tdfu{
ljutdf g]kfnL ;]gfn] 6«ofs vf]n]sf] sf7df8f}+b]lv nlntk'/, dsjfgk'/ x'Fb} af/fsf] lghu9nfO{ hf]8\g]
&^=@ ls=ld=nDafO{sf] ;8s lgdf{0f $ jif{leq ;DkGg ug{
dlGqkl/ifb\sf] @)&$.!.@! sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ of] jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 d'VotM k|tLtkq
lhDdf lbPsf] 5 . cfof]hgf Joj:yfkgsf] nflu sf7df8f}F– k]:sL ;dod} km5\of}{6 gePsf], ;8s
t/fO{÷dw]z b|'tdfu{ cfof]hgf ;~rfng sfo{ljlw, @)&$ :jLs[t lgdf{0f sfo{sf] lj:t[t kl/of]hgf k|ltj]bg
ePsf] 5 . sfo{ljlwn] /Iff dGqLsf] ;+of]hsTjdf pRr:t/Lo :jLs[t gePsf], vr{ zLif{s km/s kf/]sf],
cg'udg ;ldlt / k|wfg ;]gfkltn] tf]s]sf] /yLsf] cWoIftfdf ;8s /]vfÍgdf ljjfb e} lgdf{0f sfo{df
clwsf/ ;DkGg lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . cfof]hgf l9nfO ePsf], hUufsf] nut g/fv]sf],
@)&$.@.!$ df lznfGof; e} g]kfnL ;]gfsf *$ / aSof}tf /sd c;'n gu/]sf], hUufsf]
nut g/fv]sf], aSof}tf /sd c;'n
u}/;}lgstkm{sf %% k|fljlws sd{rf/L sfo{/t /x]sf 5g\ . gu/]sf] nufotsf Joxf]/f b]lvPsf]n] ;'wf/
cfof]hgfsf] nflu g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ x:tfGt/0f x'g'k"j{ ?=# ca{ ^& ug'{kb{5 .
s/f]8 !$ nfv / x:tfGt/0f ePkl5 ut jif{ ?=! ca{ #$ s/f]8
() nfv / o; jif{ & ca{ ^@ s/f]8 %* nfv;d]t xfn;Dd ?=!@ ca{ ^$ s/f]8 ^@ nfv vr{ ePsf] 5 .
5. k|ult – cfof]hgfsf] xfn;Ddsf] k|ultsf] l:ylt lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5M
sfdsf] vr{ ef}lts k|ult
l;=g+= sfdsf] ljj/0f OsfO{
kl/df0f -nfvdf_ -k|ltzt_
! ?v s6fg sfo{ j6f 16514 391 (^
@ ;j u|]8 kmd];
{ g
• df6f] sf6\g] sfo{ 3=ld= 6017000 @^
3=ld= 35879 %
• df6f] k'g]{ sfo{ 809000
# hUuf vl/b /f]kgL (*&@ 31035 ($
$ SofDk lgdf{0f -sfof{no ejg ;d]t_ j6f !! 7701 *)
% ;jf/L;fwg, lgdf{0f pks/0f / kf6\{; vl/b j6f @(# 9954 !))
^ lgdf{0f pks/0f ef8f 306f @%&@%% 8696 !))
pQm vr{dWo] cfof]hgfn] of] jif{ ;8s lgdf{0fsf] nflu af]nkq k|lqmofaf6 ?=!# ca{ @^ s/f]8
$( nfvsf] @@ vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df ?=# ca{ %* s/f]8 &( nfv vr{ ePsf] 5 . cdfgtaf6 x'g]
lgdf{0fsf] nflu cfjZos lgdf{0f pks/0f tyf ;jf/L;fwg ef8fdf lng ?=! ca{ $$ s/f]8 $ nfvsf]
% vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df ?=*% s/f]8 (^ nfv vr{ u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L lgdf{0f pks/0f, ;jf/L;fwg,
;~rf/ pks/0fnufotsf ;fdfg cfk"lt{sf] nflu !$ vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] ?=@* s/f]8 #^ nfv,
cdfgtdf ?v sf6\g] sfo{sf] nflu ?=$! s/f]8 &% nfv, bz :yfgdf SofDk / Ps sfof{no ejg
lgdf{0fsf] nflu ?=$& s/f]8 &@ nfv / hUuf vl/b k]:sL ?=@ ca{;d]t o; jif{ ?=& ca{ ^@ s/f]8
%* nfv e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 .
6. lj:t[t kl/of]hgf k|ltj]bg – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @@-!_ df ljsf;
cfof]hgfsf] ah]6 th'{df ubf{ k|:tfljt cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog / cfly{s, k|fljlws,
jftfj/0fLo tyf k|zf;sLo pko'Qmtfsf] cfwf/df To;af6 x'g] k|ltkmnsf] ;d]t ljrf/ u/L g]kfn
/Iff dGqfno
;/sf/af6 To:tf] cfof]hgf :jLs[t x'g'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . cfof]hgfsf] lj:t[t kl/of]hgf k|ltj]bg :jLs[t
ePsf] 5}g . cfof]hgfn] ljutdf ul/Psf kl/of]hgf k|ltj]bg / ;DefJotf cWoogsf cfwf/df ?v
s6fg, d'cfjhf ljt/0f, df6f] vGg] k'g]{, 6]jf kvf{n nufpg] nufotsf sfo{df ?=!@ ca{ ^% s/f]8
vr{ u/]sf]] 5 . xfn lj:t[t k|ltj]bg :jLs[ltsf nflu k]; ePsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
cfof]hgfsf] lj:t[t kl/of]hgf k|ltj]bg :jLs[t u/L ;f]adf]lhd lgdf{0f sfo{ ug'{kb{5 .
7. vr{ juL{s/0f ljk/Lt vl/b – g]kfn ;/sf/sf] vr{ zLif{s juL{s/0f / JofVofdf ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f
vr{df /fhdfu{, ;8s k'n, /Hh'dfu{, xjfO d}bfg h:tf ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f / k'FhLut ;'wf/;DaGwL vr{
;dfj]z x'g] pNn]v 5 . cfof]hgfn] lgb]{zs ;ldltaf6 sfo{qmd :jLs[t u/fO{ ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f vr{
zLif{sdf ljlgof]lht ah]6af6 ;jf/L;fwg, ef/L d]l;g/L pks/0f tyf ;f]sf] kf6{k'hf{ vl/bdf ?=@*
s/f]8 #& nfv, ;~rf/ pks/0f vl/bdf ?=@ s/f]8 $& nfv, OlGhlgol/ª pks/0f, ljB'tLo ;fdfg,
;'/Iff pks/0f, sDKo'6/ tyf lk|G6/, kmlg{r/ lkmS;r/nufot vl/bdf ?=(# nfv ;d]t ?=#! s/f]8
&& nfv vr{ u/]sf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0fsf] ah]6af6 cGo sfo{df vr{ ubf{ ljQLo ljj/0fn] vr{sf]
oyfy{ l:ylt lrq0f gug]{ / ah]6 cg'zf;g sfod gx'g] ePsf]n] vr{ juL{s/0f / JofVofadf]lhd
ah]6 dfu u/L vr{ ug'{kb{5 .
8. 7]Ssf Joj:yf / k|lt:kwf{ – cfof]hgfn] of] jif{ ;8s lgdf{0f, SofDk lgdf{0f, ;fdu|L vl/b;Fu
;DjlGwt ?=!& ca{ %^ s/f]8 @^ nfv nfut cg'dfg ePsf %! Kofs]hsf sfo{sf] nflu af]nkqsf]
dfWodaf6 ?=!% ca{ *@ s/f]8 %$ nfvdf vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . cfof]hgfn] u/]sf] vl/b
;Demf}tf / k|lt:kwf{sf] cj:yf lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5M
7]Ssf ;d"x / nfut cg'dfgsf] t'ngfdf 36L 7]Ssf af]nkq -;ª\Vof_ nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t /sd cf}ift 36L
qm= ;+=
k|ltzt ;+Vof laqmL bflvnf -?=xhf/df_ -?=xhf/df_ k|ltzt
s= ;8s, ;8s lsgf/ / gfnL lgdf{0f
• ! k|ltzteGbf 36L 9 20 12 8436268 8419805 0.20
v= SofDk tyf sfof{no ejg lgdf{0f
• ! k|ltzteGbf 36L 3 32 20 253611 253054 0.22
u= lgdf{0f pks/0f÷d]l;g/L, 9'jfgL ;fwg ef8f
• ! eGbf a9L % k|ltzt;Dd 3 4 3 983523 967920 1.59
3= ;jf/L;fwg, d]l;g/L cf}hf/, lgdf{0f ;fdu|L vl/b
• ! k|ltzteGbf 36L 2 8 5 22459 22281 0.79
nfut cg'dfg / ;Demf}tf /sd t'ngf ubf{ !$ 7]Ssfdf Ps k|ltzt / # 7]Ssfdf Psb]lv
kfFr k|ltzteGbf 36L cGt/ /x]sf] kfOof] . ;8s lgdf{0f ;d"xsf 7]Ssfx?sf] a9L nfutsf Kofs]hdf
af]nkq bflvnf ;+Vof Go"g /x]sf] / nfut cg'dfgs} xf/fxf/Ldf vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf]] 5 . vl/b
sfo{sf] Kofs]h to ubf{ kof{Kt k|lt:kwf{ x'g ;Sg] g;Sg] ljifodf Wofg lbg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
9. lgdf{0f:yn ljjfb – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod ^-#_ df ;fj{hlgs lgsfon]
lgdf{0f:ynsf] Joj:yf geO{ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] vl/b sf/afxL z'? ug'{ gx'g] pNn]v 5 . vf]sgf -k|j]z
ljGb'_ b]lv 8's'5fk;Dd ^=$ ls=ld= nDafOsf] If]qdf ;8s /]vfÍg ljjfbsf] sf/0fn] hUuf d'cfjhfsf]
sfd %!=%) k|ltzt / 3/ uf]7sf] d'cfjhfsf] sfd $^=%! k|ltzt dfq ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . pQm
r]g]hleq ;8s lgdf{0f ug{ b'O{ lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf]df vf]sgf If]qdf 48.5
k|ltzt :yfgLon] d'cfjhf glnO{ cj/f]w ePsf] sf/0f lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ljjfbsf
sf/0f vf]sgfdf j]z SofDk lgdf{0f x'g g;sL c:yfoL SofDkdf a;]sf] cj:yf 5 . ;dod} ljjfb
cGTo u/L cfof]hgfnfO{ lgjf{w ;~rfng ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfon] kxn ug'{kb{5 .
10. ?v s6fg – k|j]zljGb'b]lv ( ls=ld=;Dd %) ld6/ / ( b]lv &^=@) ls=ld=;Dd !)) ld6/ bfofF afofFsf jg
If]qdf /x]sf ljleGg k|hfltsf ?v s6fgsf] nflu dlGqkl/ifb\af6 lg0f{o ePsf] 5 . of] jif{ ?v sf6\gsf] nflu
?=# s/f]8 (! nfv *( xhf/ k|ToIf vr{ ePsf] / ?v sf6\gsf] nflu vl/b ePsf d]l;g/L, ;f] sfo{df
vl6Psf ;}lgsnfO{ vfhf vr{, lhNnf jg sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lsf] b}lgs eQf tyf e|d0f vr{afkt a]Un}

/Iff dGqfno
e'QmfgL ePsf]df s'n nfut olsg u/]sf] 5}g . ?v la?jfsf] s6fg d'5fg / ;Íng vr{ olsg u/L sf7
bfp/f laqmL nfutdf ;dfj]z ug'{kb{5 .
cfof]hgf / jg ljefuaLr b|'tdfu{ lgdf{0fsf] qmddf sfl6Psf] Ps ?v la?jfsf] ;§f @% la?jf /f]k0f
ug'{kg]{ / % jif{;Dd :ofxf/ ;Def/ u/L ;DalGwt jg sfof{nonfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . sfl6Psf ?v
la?jfsf] ;§fdf a[Iff/f]k0f u/L ;Sg'kg]{ cjlw ls6fg gu/]sf], lhNnf jg sfof{non] j[Iff/f]k0f :yn gtf]s]sf]
/ ;f]sf] nflu ah]6 ljlgof]hg ePsf] kfOPg . ;dembf/Lkqsf] sfof{Gjog u/L la?jf /f]Kg'kb{5 .
11. d]l;g/L ef8f – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !)-!_ df lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfg
tof/ u/L ;f]xL lgodfjnLsf] lgod !$ adf]lhd :jLs[t u/fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . cfof]hgfn] @ nfv %&
xhf/ @%% 306f ljleGg d]l;g/L pks/0f ef8fdf lng ?=! ca{ %& s/f]8 &* nfv !! xhf/sf] nfut
cg'dfg tof/ u/L ?=! ca{ $$ s/f]8 $ nfv @) xhf/df % 7]Ssfaf6 lgdf{0f pks/0f tyf d]l;g/L
;fwg ef8fdf lng] ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . ef8fdf lnPsf ;Dk"0f{ ;fdfg k"0f{ Ifdtfdf pkof]u ePsf] ;'lglZrt
ul/g'kb{5 .
12. hUufsf] nut – cfof]hgfn] k|fKt u/]sf] hUufsf] clen]v cBfjlws x'g'kb{5 . of] jif{;Dd d'cfjhf
ljt/0fsf] nflu ?=# ca{ !) s/f]8 #% nfv ^% xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] 5 . cfof]hgfn] xfn;Dd ljleGg
lgsfoaf6 ljtl/t d'cfjhf kfpg] hUufwgL / d'cfjhf gkfpg] hUufwgLsf] ljj/0f sDKo'6/df /fv]
tfklg tL ljj/0fsf] ;'/Iff / Jofsck;lxtsf] ;ˆ6j]/ k|of]u gu/]sf] sf/0f hUufsf] clen]v ;'/lIft /
e/kbf]{ /x]sf] kfOPg . cfof]hgfsf] gfddf k|fKt ePsf hUufsf] k|df0fkqsf] clen]v cBfjlws ug'{kg]{
b]lvPsf] 5 .
13. ;}lgs d'Vofno ejg – of] jif{ ;}lgs d'Vofno, jL/]Gb| c:ktfnsf] hjfg nfOg, ;}lgs k|x/L u0f
ejg / nIdL lgjf; dxf/fhuGh;d]tsf] nflu ?=! ca{ @) s/f]8 ljlgof]hg ePsf]df k"/} vr{ u/]sf]
5 . ;}lgs d'Vofno ejgsf] nfut cg'dfg ?=# ca{ !# s/f]8 #^ nfv ePsf]df Ps lgdf{0f
Joj;foL;Fu @)&%.!!.!( ;Dddf ;DkGg ug]{ u/L @)&#.(.!$ df ?=# ca{ ( s/f]8 !$ nfvsf] vl/b
;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . pQm lgdf{0f sfo{df ;]/]df]lgon xn, 5tdf x]lnKof8, ljB't, clUg ;'/Iff, kmf]xf]/
k|zf]wgnufotsf] sfo{ yk u/L !#=)^ k|ltztn] x'g] e]l/P;gsf] ?=$) s/f]8 #* nfv ## xhf/;d]t
xfn;Dd ?=@ ca{ (# s/f]8 ^@ nfv vr{ ePsf] 5 .
ljsf; lgdf{0f lgb]{zgfno
14. k|ult l:ylt – g]kfnL ;]gfåf/f lgdf{0f ul/g] ejg, ;8s h:tf k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf sfo{ o;
lgb]{zgfnoaf6 x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . lgb]{zgfnon] xfn;Dd @& ;8s cfof]hgfsf] 6«Øfs lgdf{0f ug]{
lhDd]jf/L kfPsf]df utjif{;Dd @@ / of] jif{ d}n'Ë–:ofk|'mj];L ;8s;d]t @# cfof]hgf ;DkGg u/L
;8s ljefunfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] 5 . lgb]{zgfnon] of] jif{ ;~rfng u/]sf] ;8s cfof]hgfx?sf]
;+lIfKt l:ylt lgDgfg';f/ 5M
cfof]hgf ;DkGg x'g] nDjfO{ -ls=ld=_ nfut cg'dfg vr{ -?=nfvdf_

l;= g= ;8s cfof]hgfsf] gfd
z'? jif{ ldlt s'n ;DkGg -?=nfvdf_ ut jif{;Dd of] jif{ hDdf
1 hfh/sf]6–b'g}–dl/d–ltGh]wf] 2064.65 @)&%.&^ 118 117 14786 12170 2500 14670
sfnLu08sL s/L8f]/ -k'/fgf]
2 6«Øfs rf}8f kfg]{ ;d]t_ 2069.70 @)&^.&& 76 65 17400 9365 2000 11365
3 a]gL3f6–cf?3f6–nfs]{eGHofË 2073.74 @)&( 118 16.8 3475 750 2000 2750
4 v'nfn'–n}k'm–l;ldsf]6 2065.66 @)&^.&& 196 92 28411 7663 3000 10663
5 d}nË' –:ofk|'mj]F;L 2071.72 @)&$.&% 17 17 7069 5070 2000 7070
hDdf 525 35018 11500 46518

/Iff dGqfno
cfof]hgfut lj:t[t 8«Oª l8hfOg tof/ gePsf], cfjZos ah]6 cfly{s jif{sf] z'?df
ljlgof]hg gu/L k6s k6s yk clVtof/L k|bfg u/]sf] nufot ljutdf cf}NofOPsf Joxf]/fdf ;'wf/
ePsf] b]lvPg .
;}lgs ;fdu|L pTkfbg tyf oflGqs ;]jf dxflgb]{zgfno
15. Knf06 vl/b – cy{ dGqfnoaf6 hf/L ePsf] @)&$.&% sf] ah]6 sfof{Gjog;DaGwL dfu{bz{gsf] bkmf
% df ;|f]tsf] ;'lglZrttf geO{ z'? ul/Psf vl/b k|lqmof jf cGo sfo{af6 l;h{gf x'g] bfloTjsf
nflu yk ah]6 lgsf;f gul/g] pNn]v 5 . dxflgb]{zgfnon] kof{Kt ah]6sf] Joj:yf geO{ ;}lgs
;fdu|L pTkfbg ;DaGwL Knf06 vl/b ug{ Ps ljb]zL cfk"lt{stf{;Fu ;Demf}tf u/L k|tLtkq vf]Ng
g]kfn /fi6« a}Ídf ?=! ca{ %) s/f]8 k7fPsf]df pQm /sd dflh{g;lxt k|tLtkq vf]Ng ckof{Kt
ePsf] sf/0f k|tLtkq gv'n]sf] / lk|mh klg gePsf] l:ylt 5 . ;|f]t ;'lglZrt u/]/ dfq vl/b
;Demf}tf ug'{kb{5 .
d}n'ª–:ofk|m'a+];L / v'nfn'–n}km'–l;dsf]6 ;8s lgdf{0f l:ylt

g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljleGg ;dodf u/]sf lg0f{o, ;/sf/sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd, ah]6åf/f NofOg]
gLltadf]lhd g]kfnL ;]gfn] ;8s cfof]hgfx?sf] 6«ofs lgdf{0f ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . lgdf{0f;DaGwL sfd ug{ g]kfnL
;]gfn] @)%@ df ljsf; lgdf{0f dxfzfvf, @)%& df ljsf; lgdf{0f lgb]{zgfno / @)^# b]lv ljsf; lgdf{0f
tyf :yklt dxflgb]{zgfnocGtu{t ljsf; lgdf{0f lgb]{zgfno /xg] u/L ;f+u7lgs ;+/rgfsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .
g]kfnL ;]gfåf/f lgld{t d}n'ª–:ofk|'ma+];L / s0ff{nL sl/8f]/M v'nfn'–n}km'–l;dsf]6 ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{sf]
k|efjsfl/tf d"NofÍg ug]{ p2]Zon] ul/Psf] sfo{d"ns n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f b]xfoadf]lhd
5g\M
16. of]hgf 5gf}6 / nfut cg'dfg– d}n'ª–:ofk|'ma+];L tyf s0ff{nL sl/8f]/ ;8s b'a} ;/sf/sf] klxnf]
k|fyldstfdf k/]sf /0fg}lts ;8s cfof]hgf x'g\ . uN5L–lqz"nL–d}n'ª–:ofk|m'a+];L–/;'jfu9L ;8ssf]
d}n'ª–:ofk|m'a]+;L v08sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] @)&!.(.& sf] lg0f{oadf]lhd @)&!÷!)÷( b]lv
z'? ePsf] lyof] . lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ubf{ pQm v08df :yfgLosf] ljjfb, jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f;DaGwL
k|lqmof k"/f gx'Fbf /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] cj/f]w / PnfOGd]06sf] clglZrttfsf sf/0f lgdf{0f sfo{ cl3
a9fpg ;d:of b]lvPsf] lyof] . g]kfn ;/sf/n] k'gM @)&@.*.!& df lg0f{o u/L @)&$.&% ;Dddf
;8s lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ pQm ;8s v08 g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf]df ;/sf/n] lbPsf]
;do;Ldfleq lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 .
To;}u/L dlGqkl/ifb\sf] @)&!.!@.% sf] lg0f{on] s0ff{nL sl/8f]/M v'nfn'–n}k'm–l;dsf]6 -!(^
ls=dL=_ ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ g]kfnL ;]gfaf6 ug{ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm ;8s ljut jif{x?df
;Da4 lgsfoaf6 lgdf{0f x'g g;s]sf]n] g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;8s lgdf{0f
of]hgf 5gf}6 ubf{ 5gf}6sf cfwf/ / dfkb08 k"/f gu/]sf] tyf k"j{ tof/Lsf sfo{ x'g g;s]sf]n]
lgdf{0f r/0fdf ;d:of eO{ g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/] tfklg pQm ;d:of x:tfGt/0f kZrft klg
oyfjt\ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm b'a} ;8ssf] lj:t[t ;e]{, l8hfOg / nfut cg'dfg tof/ gu/L g]kfnL
;]gfnfO{ lgdf{0fsf] lhDd]jf/L x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] tyf g]kfnL ;]gfn] jflif{s ah]6nfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ lgdf{0f
sfo{ u/]sf]n] s'n nfut / ;DkGg ug]{ ck]lIft cjlw olsg x'g;Sg] cj:yf 5}g .
17. jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg – jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL, @)%$ sf] lgod # sf] cg';"rL–! adf]lhd
lhNNff tyf zx/L ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ ug'{eGbf cufl8 k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f jf jftfj/0f k|efj
d"NofÍg ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . d}n'ª–:ofk|'ma]+;L ;8s v08 -!& ls=ld=_ ;DalGwt ;8s cfof]hgfnfO{
x:tfGt/0f eO;s]sf] eP tfklg xfn;Dd pQm cfof]hgfsf] k"0f{ jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg ePsf] 5}g .
/Iff dGqfno
cfof]hgf klxn] lgdf{0f ug]{ / jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍgkl5 ug]{ sfo{n] jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍgsf]
cf}lrTo k'li6 x'g ;Q}mg . jftfj/0fLo kIfnfO{ Wofg lbO{ lgdf{0f k"j{ sfg'gsf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L k|f/lDes
jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f / jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg ;DkGg u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ ug'{kb{5 .
18. lj:kmf]6s kbfy{sf] gD;{ – g]kfnL ;]gfaf6 lgdf{0f ul/g] ;8s cfof]hgf;DaGwL dfu{bz{g, -@)$(_ sf]
a'Fbf @ df r§fg kmf]g{sf nflu k|of]u ul/g] lj:kmf]6snfO{ Go"g ug]{tkm{ Wofg lbg] pNn]v 5 . ;8s
ljefuaf6 ;8s lgdf{0fsf nflu @)^%.!.@# df kfl/t gD;{adf]lhd s8f r§fgsf nflu k|lt 3gld6/
)=@% s]=hL= lhn]l6g -lj:kmf]6s kbfy{_ vr{ x'g] pNn]v 5 . g]kfnL ;]gfåf/f lgld{t d}n'ª–:ofk|'ma];L
;8s v08df @)&$.&% df tf]lsPsf] gD;{eGbf k|lt 3gld6/ )=)* s]=hL= / s0ff{nL sl/8f]/df k|lt
3gld6/ )=!! s]=hL= a9L lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ vr{ ePsf] 5 . ;8s ljefuaf6 @)&%.$.@^ df :jLs[t
gD;{cg';f/ k|lt 3gld6/ )=#% s]=hL= lhn]l6g k|of]u x'g] ;+zf]wg u/]sf] cfwf/df s0ff{nL sf]l/8f]/df
k|lt 3=ld=)=)! s]=hL= a9L vkt x'g] l:ylt 5 . lj:kmf]6s kbfy{sf] k|of]u cfjZostfeGbf a9L ePdf
jftfj/0fdf c;/ k'Ug hfg] ePsf]n] cTofjZosLo / s8f r§fg kmf]g{sf nflu dfq lj:kmf]6s kbfy{sf]
k|of]u ug]{ / gD;{sf] cwLgdf /xL bIftfk"0f{ 9Ën] lj:kmf]6s kbfy{sf] pkof]u ug'{kb{5 .
19. ;8s lgdf{0fsf] l:ylt – g]kfnL ;]gf, ljsf; lgdf{0f lgb]{zgfnoaf6 lgdf{0f u/L ;8s ljefunfO{
@)&%.@.^ df x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] d}n'ª–:ofk|'ma+];L ;8s / s0ff{nL sl/8f]/ ;8ssf] :ynut cjnf]sg
tyf ;/f]sf/jfnf;Fu 5nkmn ubf{ ;8ssf] /]vfÍg / k'nsf] cfjZostf ;DaGwdf lgDgfg';f/
hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5M
19.1. s0ff{nL sl/8f]/ ;8ssf] /]vfÍg ;8s ljefun] pknAw u/fPsf]df sfnLsf]6sf] v'nfn'b]lv 3f6kf/L
rf}/;Dd #) lsnf]ld6/ 3'DtLa]u/sf] af6f] lgdf{0f ePsf] / pQm v08df oftfoft ;~rfngdf /x]sf]
b]lvG5 . To; kZrftsf] !* lsnf]ld6/ af6f] df]8o'Qm / sdhf]/ e"–agf]6df /]vfÍg ul/Psf]n] klx/f]sf]
;Defjgf, b'3{6gfsf] hf]lvd;d]t /x]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm ;8s v08sf] /]vfÍg kl/jt{g u/L gbLsf]
lsgf/faf6 ;Lwf /]vfÍg ubf{ xfnsf] l8hfOgeGbf $=% lsnf]ld6/ ;8s 5f]6f] x'g], s'g} klg 3'DtL
gkg]{ ePsf]n] ;Defljt b'36{gf Go"gLs/0f x'g] / pQm k|:tfljt v08df df6f]sf] cj:yf t'ngfTds
?kdf l:y/ /x]sf]n] eljiodf klx/f]sf] ;Defjgf sd eO{, dd{t nfut sd x'g;Sg] sfof{non]
hgfPsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf yk cWoog u/L ;DalGwt lgsfoåf/f /]vfÍg ;'wf/ x'g'kb{5 .
19.2. s0ff{nL sl/8f]/cGtu{tsf] v'nfn'–n}km'–l;dsf]6 ;8s v08df oftfoft ;~rfngsf nflu & k'n
cfjZos /x]sf]df # :yfgdf a]nLla|h h8fg u/L oftfoft ;~rfng u/]sf] / cGo :yfgdf ;d]t k'n
cfjZos ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . ;8s v08nfO{ ;'rf? 9Ëdf ;~rfng ug{ pQm ;8ssf cfjZos
:yfgdf k'n h8fg ug'{kb{5 .
lgisif{ – ;8s lgdf{0f ug'{ k"j{ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f / jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg, lj:t[t cfof]hgf
k|ltj]bg Pj+ 8«Oª l8hfOg / nfut cg'dfgsf] sfo{ ;DkGg u/L ;]gfnfO{ ;8s lgdf{0fsf] lhDdf lbg'kg]{, hl6n
ef}uf]lns cj:yfdf g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] lhDd]jf/L lbg] ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] :ki6 gLltut /
sfo{ljlwut Joj:yf ug{ cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 .
;+:yf ;ldlttkm{
g]kfnL ;}lgs ljdfg rf6{/ p8fg ljsf; ;ldlt
20. aSof}tf c;'nL — dWo Po/j]z tkm{ @)#$.#% b]lv @)&#.)&$ ;Ddsf] lgwf{l/t z'Ns $% lgsfoaf6
?=# s/f]8 & nfv %( xhf/, eL=eL=cfO{=kL=p8fg ;]jftkm{ @)$@.$# b]lv @)&#.)&$ ;Ddsf] !*
lgsfo/;+:yfaf6 ?=%! nfv *# xhf/ / of] jif{ # lgsfoaf6 rf6{/ ef8f ?=&% nfv !* xhf/;d]t
?=$ s/f]8 #$ nfv ^) xhf/ xjfO{ ef8f p7\g afFsL /x]sf] 5 . dWo Po/j]z / eL=eL=cfO{=kL
p8fgsf] ljdfg p8fg rf6{/ ef8fsf] ljlnª nfutsf] ;Dk"0f{ cfly{s sf/f]af/ @)&#.&$ b]lv ;}lgs
xjfO{ dxflgb]{zgfnoaf6 x'g] u/]sf] 5 . pQm /sddWo] %) k|ltztn] x'g] ?=! s/f]8 &( nfv &!

/Iff dGqfno
xhf/ ;DalGwt sf]if bflvnf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf /x]sf]n] /fh:j c;'nLdf ;d]t c;/ k/]sf] 5 . aSof}tf
/sd c;'n ug{ yk kxn x'g'kb{5 .
g]kfnL ;}lgs sNof0fsf/L sf]if
;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] cg'/f]wdf zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ sfo{df efu lnPafkt g]kfnL ;]gfn] k|fKt ug]{
/sddWo] s]xL /sd sNof0fsf/L sf]ifdf hDdf x'g] / pQm /sd nufgL u/L cflh{t Aofhaf6 axfnjfnf tyf
k"j{;}lgs / lghx?sf] kl/jf/sf nflu sNof0fsf/L sfo{ ;~rfng ug]{ p2]Zon] @)#@ ;fndf sf]ifsf] :yfkgf
ePsf] xf] . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] zflGt ld;gdf @)#) df ;xefuL ePafkt k|fKt ?=! s/f]8 @$ nfv ! xhf/
sf]ifdf hDdf u/L sf]ifsf] cfly{s sf/f]af/ z'? ePsf] b]lvG5 . xfn ;}lgs P]g, @)^# / ;}lgs sNof0fsf/L
sf]if ;~rfng lgodfjnL, @)^% cg'?k of] sf]if ;~rfngdf /x]sf] 5 . sf]ifsf] /sdaf6 ljleGg OsfO{dfk{mt
;}lgs sNof0fsf/L sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng xF'b} cfPsf 5g\ . xfn ljleGg b]zdf zflGt :yfkgfy{ $ xhf/ ^&@
;}lgs sfo{/t 5g\ .
21. ljQLo l:ylt – sf]ifdf ut jif{sf] df}Hbft ?=#( ca{ ^! s/f]8 %* nfv / of] jif{sf] cfDbfgL ?=!%
ca{ & s/f]8 (^ nfv;d]t ?=%$ ca{ ^( s/f]8 %$ nfvdWo] rfn' vr{tkm{ ?=!@ ca{ $@ s/f]8 %%
nfv k'FhLut vr{tkm{ ?=(^ s/f]8 () nfv;d]t ?=!# ca{ #( s/f]8 $% nfv vr{ eO{ ?=$! ca{ #)
s/f]8 ( nfv df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 . pQm vr{dWo] zflGt ;]gf ;~rfngdf ?=( ca{ & s/f]8 (% nfv,
:jf:Yodf ?=%^ s/f]8 (^ nfv, lzIffdf ?= &* s/f]8 ^$ nfv, d]l8sn sn]hdf ?=@( s/f]8 ^@
nfv k'/:sf/ / 5fqj[lQdf ?=^% nfv, /fxtdf ?=!& s/f]8 $! nfv, lgj[Qe/0fdf ?=#* s/f]8 #!
nfv, k'FhLut sfo{df ?=(^ s/f]8 () nfv tyf k|zf;lgs vr{ Aofh, s/, aLdf, cfod""ns cflb
sfo{df ?=! ca{ !# s/f]8 ! nfv vr{ u/]sf] 5 .
22. lgIf]k – sf]ifaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ @)&% c;f/ d;fGt;Dd @* jfl0fHo a}Í, @ ljsf; a}Í / %
ljQ sDkgLdf ?=@^ ca{ &* s/f]8 $$ nfv / ljb]zL d'b|ftkm{ ljleGg a}Ídf ?=& ca{ @$ s/f]8 ^
nfv df}Hbft / afFsL ?=^ ca{ ^@ s/f]8 &( nfvdWo] sNof0fsf/L of]hgfdf ?=% ca{ %@ s/f]8 @$
nfv, ;]o/ l8j]Gr/ / artkqdf ?=! ca{ !) s/f]8 %% nfv nufgL /x]sf] 5 . s'n lgIf]kdWo]
b]xfosf ! ljsf; a}Í / # ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 @)&% c;f/ d;fGt;Dd k|fKt x'g'kg]{ d'2tL Pj+ art
vftfsf] ;fFjf ?=% s/f]8 # nfv / Aofh ?=! s/f]8 @$ nfv;d]t ?=^ s/f]8 @& nfv c;'n geO{
hf]lvddf /x]sf] 5 . pQm /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
-?= nfvdf_
l;=g+= a}ª\s÷ljQLo ;+:yfsf gfd ;fFjf Aofh hDdf
1. o'gfO6]8 ljsf; a}Í 157 0 157
2. g]kfn z]o/ dfs]{6 P08 kmfOgfG; lnld6]8 233 51 284
3. ;Demgf kmfOgfG; lnld6]8 100 67 167
4. lxdfno kmfOgfG; lnld6]8 13 6 19
hDdf 503 124 627
23. zf]wegf{ – ;}lgs sNof0fsf/L lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod !* df ld;gdf v6fPafkt k|fKt ug]{ eQf,
d]l;g/L cf}hf/ tyf pks/0fsf] l8lk|l;Panafkt k|fKt x'g] zf]wegf{ /sdnufotsf clen]v zflGt
;]gf ;~rfng lgb]{zgfnon] /fVg'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . sf]ifaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ @)^*.^( b]lv
@)&$.&% ;Dddf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3af6 ?=^& ca{ (^ s/f]8 k|fKt ePsf] dWo] ?=$! ca{ ($ s/f]8 vr{
eO{ ?=@^ ca{ @ s/f]8 art /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
24. k]:sL – ljQLo ljj/0fcg';f/ @)&% cfiff9 d;fGtdf sf]ifcGtu{t lgDg OsfO{df km5\of}{6 ug{ afFsL
k]:sL ?=*% s/f]8 &^ nfv afFsL 5 . To;}u/L ljb]zL d'b|ftkm{sf] k]:sLdWo] cd]l/sL 8n/ # s/f]8 #(
nfv !( xhf/ km5\of}{6 x'g afFsL 5 .

/Iff dGqfno
-?= nfvdf_
l;=g= sfof{no÷ljj/0f ut jif{;Ddsf] of] jif{sf] hDdf
1 zflGt ;]gf ;~rfng lgb]{zgfno 1013 6977 7990
2 ;'gfr/L OdN;g KnfG6 390 0 390
3 OlGhlgol/Ë tyf sNof0fsf/L lgdf{0f sfo{ ;ldlt 78 0 78
4 ;}lgs :jf:Yo dxflgb]{zgfno 77 0 77
5 g]kfnL ;]gf :jf:Yo lj1fg ;+:yfg 23 0 23
6 e]6«fG; tyf l;len c:ktfn lgdf{0f sfo{bn 10 0 10
7 sNof0fsf/L of]hgf lgb]{zgfno 0 8 8
s'n hDdf 1591 6985 8576
OlGhlgol/ª tyf lgdf{0f sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldlt

25. k|ult – g]kfnL ;}lgs sNof0fsf/L sf]ifcGtu{tsf lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ u7g ePsf] of] ;ldltn] of] jif{
#) sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/L ?=! ca{ !@ s/f]8 -((=() k|ltzt_ vr{ u/]sf]df ef}lts k|ult ljj/0f
tof/ u/]sf] 5}g .
26. 3/hUufsf] nut – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod %$ df 3/hUufsf] nut /fVg'kg]{
Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . o; jif{ ;ldltaf6 lgdf{0f ul/Psf ?=! ca{ @ s/f]8df #$ ejg lgdf{0f tyf dd{t
sfo{ ;DkGg u/]sf]df ;f]sf] nut /fv]sf] 5}g . nut cBfjlws gx'Fbf cfufdL lbgdf ;+/rgfx?sf]
lgdf{0f tyf dd{t ;'wf/;DaGwL of]hgf tof/ ug{ sl7gfO kg]{ b]lvPsf]n] lgdf{0f ul/Psf ;+/rgfx?sf]
oyfy{ nut /fVg'kb{5 .
cg'udg tyf a]?h"
• cg'udg – ljutsf k|ltj]bgdf :joDe" af?bvfgf, j;'Gw/f SoflG6g / ;'gfr'/L OdN;g Knf06n] cfly{s
sf/f]af/sf] ;DklQ tyf bfloTj b]lvg] u/L n]vf tof/ gu/]sf], ;}lgs sNof0fsf/L sf]ifn] ;jf/L;fwg,
pks/0f, ef}lts k"jf{wf/ / kmlg{r/sf] d"No jf;nftdf ;dfj]z gu/]sf], :yklt dxflgb]{zgfno
-sNof0fsf/L sf]if_ n] vl/b u'?of]hgf tof/ gu/]sf], ;}lgs sNof0fsf/L sf]ifn] vl/b u/]sf] ;/sf/L
hUufsf] ljj/0f / tL hUufdf lgld{t ejgnufot ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] cBfjlws nut g/fv]sf] / ljsf;
lgdf{0f lgb]{zgfnon] a];fa't ;fdfgsf] lnnfd laqmL gu/]sf] nufotsf Joxf]/f pNn]v u/]sf]df of] jif{
klg ;'wf/ ePsf] 5}g . ljutsf Joxf]/f k'g/fj[lQ gx'g] u/L sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug'{kb{5 .
• a]?h"sf] l:ylt – of] jif{ dGqfno / dftxt;d]tsf lgsfosf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] a]?h"sf] l:ylt b]xfo
cg';f/ 5M
➢ dGqfno / dftxtsf ;d]t ^# lgsfodf of] jif{ ?=!! ca{ @( s/f]8 #! nfv !* xhf/ a]?h"
b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fPkl5 !^ lgsfon] ?=% s/f]8 %$ nfv $! xhf/ km5\of}{6
u/]sf]n] ?=!! ca{ @# s/f]8 &^ nfv && xhf/ afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=!! ca{ !$ s/f]8 &@ nfv
** xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL !% df 5 .
➢ cGo ;+:yf ^ tkm{ o; jif{ ?=!! s/f]8 @* nfv ^( xhf/ j]?h" b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg
pknAw u/fPkl5 # lgsfon] ?=#* s/f]8 *% xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=!) s/f]8 *( nfv *$ xhf/
afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=( s/f]8 (( nfv %^ xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f
cg';"rL !^ df 5 .

jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno
dGqfnosf] sfo{ If]qdf jg tyf jftfj/0f ;DaGwL gLlt, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd th'{df ug]{, sfof{Gjog
cg'udg / d"NofÍg ug]{, jghGo pBf]usf] k|j4{g, /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf cf/Ifsf] Joj:yfkg, k|s[lt tyf
jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, hnjfo' kl/jt{g, k|b"if0f lgoGq0f, lgodg / cg'udg, jftfj/0f k|efj d"NofÍgnufotsf
sfo{ /x]sf 5g\ . dGqfno;d]t !(^ lgsfoaf6 ;]jf k|jfx x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
dGqfno / dftxt lgsfosf] of] jif{ ljlgof]hg ?=!$ ca{ (* s/f]8 &( nfv, /fh:j ?= ! ca{ *&
s/f]8 #( nfv, w/f}6L ?=! ca{ (@ s/f]8 &* nfv / cGo sf/f]af/ ?=! ca{ & s/f]8 %# nfv;d]t ?=!( ca{
*^ s/f]8 $( nfvsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . dGqfno dftxtsf ;ful7t ;+:yf, cGo ;+:yf ($ /
;ldlt ! sf] ?=# ca{ !# s/f]8 !) nfv sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] sf/f]af/sf]
1. of]hgf sfof{Gjog – rf}wf}F of]hgf cjlwdf ;3g tyf ljljwtfo'Qm jg ;|f]t, h}ljs ljljwtf, ;d[4
hnfwf/ / pBdzLntfo'Qm jg If]q;lxt /f]huf/L l;h{gf / lhljsf]kfh{gdf ;'wf/ ug]{ pNn]v 5 .
jghGo lqmofsnfkaf6 @)&$.&% df $ nfv >dlbg /f]huf/L l;h{gf ug]{ pNn]v ePsf]df #( xhf/
&@^ >dlbgdfq /f]huf/L l;h{gf ePsf], jg:klt ;+/If0f, jg pBf]usf] ljsf; / k|j4{g, ;+/lIft jg
If]qsf] lj:tf/, hf]lvddf k/]sf] k|0ffnLsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df tL sfo{ gePsf], e"sDkaf6 Wj:t
;+/rgf dWo] @)&#.&$ df #! / @)&$.&% df *% ;+/rgf k'glg{df{0f ug]{ nIo /fv]sf]df b'a} jif{ pQm
;+/rgf lgdf{0f sfo{ x'g ;s]sf] b]lvPg . of]hgfdf plNnlvt sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
2. ah]6 sfof{Gjog – cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% sf] ah]6df $ s/f]8 && nfv &* xhf/ la?jf pTkfbg,
vl/b / ljt/0f ug]{ nIo lgwf{/0f u/]sf]df *!=% k|ltzt pknlAw xfl;n u/]sf] pNn]v u/]tfklg /f]k0f
ePsf la?jf ;/]sf] / ;+/If0fsf] cj:yf olsg ePg . ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg Joj:yfkgaf6 @^ nfv
$( xhf/ 3/w'/L nfeflGjt x'g] ck]Iff u/]sf]df clen]v cBfjlws gu/]sf]n] pknlAw olsg ePg .
clen]v cBfjlws ug'{kb{5 .
3. ;+u7g ;+/rgf – dGqfnosf] ;fljssf] b/aGbL k'g;{+/rgf u/L ;+3Lo ;/sf/cGtu{t @% sfof{nodf
*(% b/aGbL / k|b]z ;/sf/cGt{ut !$& sfof{no sfod u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txn]
;d]t jg tyf jftfj/0f;DaGwL sfo{;Dkfbg ub}{ cfPsf]df sfo{qmddf bf]xf]/f] gkg]{ u/L sfo{qmd
4. sf7sf] d"No lgwf{/0f – jg lgodfjnL, @)%! sf] cg';"rL @ df ;/sf/L sf7sf] Go"gtd d"No sfod
u/L lnnfd ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . lgodfjnLdf uf]lnof sf7 k|lt 3glkm6 ?=*)).– tf]s]sf]df ahf/df ? ^
xhf/eGbf a9L d"Nodf laqmL ePsf] cj:yf 5 . lhNnf jg sfof{no, eQmk'/af6 ^^@ e"sDkkLl8t
kl/jf/nfO{ ?=@ xhf/ 754 df l6Da/ skf]{/];gdfkm{t sf7 ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . sf7sf] laqmL d"No ahf/
d"No;Fu tfbfTDotf x'g] u/L ;do ;fk]If ?kdf lgwf{/0f x'g'kb{5 .
5. e"sDkkLl8tnfO{ sf7 ljt/0f – jg ljefuaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ #! lhNnfsf e"sDkkLl8t &*$
kl/jf/sfnflu lhNnf jg k}bfjf/ cfk"lt{ ;ldltaf6 $) xhf/ %$% 3glkm6 / ;fd'bflos jgaf6 %
nfv (( xhf/ 3glkm6 sf7 pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . e"sDkkLl8tnfO{ sf7 ljt/0f ug{ l6Da/
skf]{]/];gnfO{ ! nfv %% xhf/ #@* 3glkm6 sf7 pknAw u/fPsf]df pQm sf7 ljt/0fsf] clen]v
/fvL pkof]usf] cj:yf olsg ug'{kb{5 .
6. jg cltqmd0f — jg P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf $( df /fli6«o jgIf]qsf] cltqmd0f sfo{ b08gLo ck/fw
dflgg] pNn]v 5 . To;}u/L cltqmd0f lgoGq0f ug{ jg cltqmd0f lgoGq0f /0fgLlt, @)^*
sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf] 5 . dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ ($ xhf/ @## x]S6/ jg / # xhf/ *&^
x]S6/ hldg cltqmd0f ePsf] dWo] @)&!.&@ b]lv @)&#.&$ ;Dd $ xhf/ @(! x]S6/ / @)&$.&% df

(@) x]S6/;d]t % xhf/ @!! x]S6/ -%=#! k|ltzt_ If]qkmn cltqmd0f d'Qm ePsf] b]lvG5 . afFsL
cltqmldt jg If]q d'Qm ug{ yk k|efjsf/L sbd rfNg'kb{5 .
7. jg If]qsf] k|of]u — jg If]qsf] hUuf hnljB't, ;8s, vfg]kfgLnufotsf cGo lgsfonfO{ ef}lts
k"jf{wf/x? lgdf{0f ug{ lbg] sfo{nfO{ Jojl:yt / ;xh agfpg /fli6«o jg If]q k|of]u ug]{ ;DaGwL
sfo{ljlw, @)&$ nfu" ePsf] 5 .
cGo k|of]hgsf nflu pknAw u/fPsf] jg
If]qsf] hUuf;DaGwL cg'udg k|ltj]bg, @)&% df %!^ of] jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 d'VotM cfjlws
lgsfonfO{ !^ xhf/ 717 x]S6/ jg If]qsf] hUuf of]hgf tyf ah]6 cf+lzs sfof{Gjog
pknAw u/fPsf] pNn]v 5 . pQm jg If]qaf6 @)&! ePsf], ahf/ d"No;Fu tfbfTDotf x'g] u/L
;fn;Dddf x6fpg'kg]{ ?vsf] ;+Vof pNn]v 5}g . sf7sf] d"No lgwf{/0f gu/]sf], clen]v
tTkZrft & nfv $ xhf/ ?v x6fpg'kg]{df x6fPsf] g/fvL sf7 ljt/0f u/]sf], cltqmldt jg
;VofTds ljj/0f k]; ePg . x6fpg] ?vsf] !M@% sf] If]q d'Qm ug{ k|efjsf/L sfo{ gePsf],
b/n] ! s/f]8 &^ nfv la?jf /f]k0f ug'{kg]{df !% cGo lgsfonfO{ pknAw jg If]qsf] hUuf
lgsfon] !)! x]S6/df dfq j[Iff/f]k0f u/]]sf] 5 . pQm pkof]usf] cg'udg gu/]sf], /fh:j tyf
%!^ dWo] $&% lgsfon] /fh:j ;d]t a'emfPsf 5}gg\ . /f]oN6L c;'nL gu/]sf], jftfj/0fLo k|efj
/fh:j c;'n u/L j[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ u/fpg] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 . d"NofÍgdf a9L ;do nufPsf], sf7sf]
8. ;fd'bflos jg – jg lgodfjnL, @)%! sf] lgod #) df}Hbft lhDd]jf/L 36L ;f/]sf], ;dodf
df lhNnf jg clws[tn] pkef]Qmf ;d"xnfO{ ;fd'bflos lnnfd laqmL gu/]sf], /f]k0f la?jfsf]
jg ;'lDkPkl5 ;f]sf] nut dGqfnodf ;d]t k7fpg'kg]{ ;+/If0f gePsf], /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf
Joj:yf 5 . dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ @@ xhf/ ;+/lIft If]qsf] Joj:yfkg Pj+ j}1flgs
@@^ ;fd'bflos jgdf ;+nUg @( nfv * xhf/ jg Joj:yfkg k|efjsf/L ?kn]
3/w'/LnfO{ @@ nfv #* xhf/ x]S6/ jg If]q x:tfGt/0f sfof{Gjog gePsf] nufotsf Joxf]/f
u/]sf] b]lvG5 . x:tfGtl/t ;fd'bflos jgaf6 sfo{ b]lvPsf]n] ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
of]hgfdf :jLs[t s6fg kl/df0f, jf:tljs s6fg
kl/df0f, cfGtl/s vkt kl/df0f, laqmL kl/df0f, laqmL
cfo / df}Hbft kl/df0f v'Ng] u/L sf7 bfp/fsf] s]lGb|o clen]v /fv]sf] kfOPg . ;fy} p2]Zocg'?k
nlIft pkef]Qmf nfeflGjt eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf d"NofÍg u/]sf] 5}g . ;fd'bflos jgsf] lhNnfut
clen]v tof/ ug'{kb{5 .
9. n]vfk/LIf0f – cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf !^-@_ df k|To]s sfof{non] ;a} k|sf/sf cfo
Joosf] n]vf / cfly{s ljj/0f k]; u/L dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{noaf6 n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf
5.
9.1. jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno / dftxtdf !^ lgsfodf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ?=@ s/f]8 ** nfv ($
xhf/ k|fljlws ;xfotf k|fKt x'g] pNn]v ePsf]df k|flKt / pkof]usf] ljj/0f;lxtsf] ;|]:tf k]; u/L
n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf] 5}g .
9.2. lhNnf jg sfof{no ?kGb]xL / 9f]/ kf6g lzsf/ cf/Ifsf] ?=$ s/f]8 ( nfv %# xhf/sf] ;|]:tf
n]vfk/LIf0fsf] nflu k]; u/]sf] 5}g . P]gsf] Joj:yfcg';f/ n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg'kb{5 .
jftfj/0f dGqfnotkm{
10. jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg – jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf % adf]lhd jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f
Pj+ d"NofÍg u/L k|ltj]bg :jLs[ltsf] nflu ;DalGwt lgsfodf k]; ug'{kb{5 . ljleGg dGqfnoaf6
jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg k|ltjb]g :jLs[ltsf] nflu of] jif{ $) k|:tfj k|fKt ePsf] dWo] dGqfnon]
ljutsf ;d]t #@ k|:tfj :jLs[t u/]sf] 5 . dGqfnodf ljut jif{b]lv xfn;Dd k|fKt jftfj/0fLo
k|efj d"NofÍg k|ltj]bgsf] clen]v /fv]sf] kfOPg . ;dodf jftfj/0fLo kIfsf] d"NofÍg Pj+ :jLs[lt
u/L sfof{Gjog ug{ g;Sbf ;8s, l;rfO{, ljB't, vfg]kfgL, ejg lgdf{0f nufotsf ;+/rgf lgdf{0fdf
l9nfO{ e} of]hgfsf] nfut / ;do a9\g] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . dGqfnodf k|fKt k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍg u/L
;dodf lg0f{o ug'{kb{5 .
11. k|b"if0f lgoGq0f z'Ns – cfly{s P]g, @)^$ sf] bkmf !#-!_ df g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L
sf7df8f}F pkTosfleq laqmL ljt/0f ug]{ k]6«f]n tyf l8h]ndf k|lt ln6/ krf; k};fsf] b/n] k|b"if0f
z'Ns c;'nu/L 5'§} sf]ifdf hDdf u/L jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf] If]qdf vr{ ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . ;f]xL
adf]lhd @)^%.^^ b]lv xfn;Dd ?=% ca{ @) s/f]8 !% nfv /fh:j c;'n u/L ;+lrt sf]if bflvnf
u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm /sd 5'§} sf]ifdf /fvL k|b"if0f lgoGq0f Pj+ /f]syfd ug]{ sfo{df vr{ u/]sf]
b]lvPg .
12. lgliqmo df}Hbft – jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL, @)%$ sf] lgod $@ adf]lhd sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf]
/sd k|b"if0fsf] /f]syfd / lgoGq0fdf vr{ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . dGqfnosf] jftfj/0f ;+/If0f sf]ifdf
?=# s/f]8 !% nfv (& xhf/ vr{ ge} df}Hbft /x]sf] x'Fbf pQm /sd /fh:j bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
jftfj/0f ljefu
13. jfo' k|b"if0f – jftfj/0f ljefun] :yfkgf u/]sf jfo' u'0f:t/ dfkg s]Gb|x?sf] tYofÍ ljZn]if0f ubf{
;g\ @)!& df dl;gf] w"nf]sf s0fx? sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf /Tgkfs{, z+vkfs{, eQmk'/, e}+;]kf6L, ;f}/fxf
/ n'lDagLdf dfkb08eGbf a9L b]lvPsf]n] k|b"if0f lgoGq0f ug{ /0fg}lts of]hgf / sfo{of]hgf agfO{
14. dfkb08 / lgb]{lzsf – jftfj/0f lg/LIf0f P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf @# cg';f/ jftfj/0f ljefun] jftfj/0f
;+/If0f gd'gf ;Íng, g]kfn dfkb08 lgwf{/0f, jftfj/0f k|b"if0f, Ifltk"lt{ lgwf{/0f, jftfj/0f k|b"if0f
lgoGq0f lgodg h:tf sfo{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf lgb]{lzsf hf/L ug'{kg]{df xfn;Dd lgb]{lzsf agfPsf] 5}g .
ljefun] sfo{If]qsf] cfwf/df !# ljifosf] dfkb08 tof/ u/] tfklg jfo', hn, Wjlg k|b"if0f, 3/fo;L
kmf]xf]/, cf}Bf]lus, c:ktfnhGo /;fog;DaGwL If]qut Pj+ ljifout dfkb08 lgwf{/0f u/]sf] gb]lvFbf
;f] lgwf{/0f u/L sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
jg ljefu
jg;DaGwL gLlt, of]hgf, sfo{qmd, th'{df / sfof{Gjog, cg'udg Pj+ d"NofÍg ug]{ / dftxt &$ jg
sfof{nosf] Joj:yfkg, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g, jghGo sRrf kbfy{ / h8La'6L Joj:yfkg ug]{ p2]Zon]
jg ljefusf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] .
15. sf7 Joj:yfkg — jg k}bfjf/ ;Íng tyf laqmL ljt/0f lgb]{lzsf, @)&# cg';f/ sf7 bfp/f ;Íng
/ 3f6u2L ug]{ :yfg;d]t olsg u/L lhNnf jg sfof{nodf clen]v /fvL ;f]sf] hfgsf/L jg
ljefudf k7fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ljefuaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ @)&$.&% df sf7, bfp/f pTkfbg,
ljt/0f tyf afFsLsf] cj:yf lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5M
-sf7 3glkm6 / bfp/f r§fdf_
ut jif{sf] df}Hbft of] jif{ ;Íng hDdf laqmL afFsL
sf7 -vo/ sf7 -vo/ sf7 -vo/ sf7 -vo/ sf7 -vo/
bfp/f bfp/f bfp/f bfp/f bfp/f
;lxt_ ;lxt_ ;lxt_ ;lxt_ ;lxt_
*,%$,&$& *@& !#,*%,$%@ @%*# @@,$),!(( #$!) !!,$%,($( !,&(( !),($@%) !,^!!
15.1. rfn' jif{ !! nfv $% xhf/ ($( 3glkm6 sf7 tyf ! xhf/ &(( r§f bfp/f laqmL u/L ?=($ s/f]8
!) nfv ## xhf/ /fh:j ;Íng ePsf] 5 . ut jif{sf] cGtdf !# nfv * xhf/ ^^$ 3glkm6 sf7 /
!)&) r§f bfp/f af+sL b]vfPsf]df of] jif{ $ nfv %# xhf/ (!& 3glkm6 sf7 / @$# r§f bfp/f
36L lhDd]jf/L b]vfPsf] 5 . 36L lhDd]jf/L ;f/]sf] ;DaGwdf 5fglag x'g'kb{5 .
15.2. lhNnf jg sfof{no $# df !) nfv ($ xhf/ 3glkm6 sf7 df}Hbft /x]sf] / ut ljutsf] lnnfd
laqmLsf] cf};t 3glkm6 b/ ?=*%(.– n] pQm sf7sf] d"No ?=(# s/f]8 (( nfv x'g] b]lvG5 . df}Hbft

sf7sf] u|]8 gv'nfpg], ;dodf lnnfd laqmL gug]{ h:tf sf/0fn] sf7sf] u'0f:t/df x|f; cfO{ /fh:j
gf]S;fgL x'g] b]lvPsf]n] ;dodfg} sf7sf] ;+/If0f u/L laqmL ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfosf] Wofg hfg'kb{5 .
15.3. of] jif{ /fli6«o jgtk{m @ nfv #) xhf/ 3glkm6 9nfk8f sf7 ;Íng ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df @ nfv %
xhf/ 3glkm6 ;Íng eP tfklg ;fd'bflos jgtkm{ 9nfk8f sf7 ;Íngsf] clen]v /fv]sf] 5}g .
/fli6«o jg If]qtkm{ ;a} 9nfk8f sf7 ;Íng ug]{ gu/]sf]n] sf7sf] x}l;ot lau|]sf], gfz eP/ uPsf] /
ck]lIft /fh:j k|fKt x'g ;s]sf] kfOPg . To:t} lhNnf jg sfof{no af/fn] ^( xhf/ / ;'v]{tn] $@
xhf/ ju{lkm6 sf7 ;Íng u/]sf]df lnnfd laqmL gu/L qmdzM %( xhf/ -*^=@@ k|ltzt_ / #$ xhf/
-&)=)# k|ltzt_ ju{lkm6 sf7 df}Hbft /fv]sf] 5 . lhNnf jg sfof{no af/f, sf7df8f}F / afFs]df
kqmfp k/]sf tyf lnnfd laqmL gu/]sf ( ;jf/L;fwg / ! xhf/ *^! ju{lkm6 sf7 jiff}{b]lv sfof{no
kl/;/df /fv]sf] cj:yf 5 . 9nfk8f ?vsf] ;dod} plrt Joj:yfkg u/L sf7 cfoftdf sdL ug{,
sf7sf] pkof]u a9fpg / /fh:j ;Íngdf j[l4 ug{ ;Ílnt sf7 ;dodf sf7 laqmL ug]{ Joj:yf
ldnfpg'kb{5 .
15.4. l56f] a9\g] vfnsf] ?v la?jf nufO{ sf7 bfp/f / cGo jg k}bfjf/ pTkfbg, laqmL / cfk"lt{åf/f
/f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ l;h{gf ug{ ;fu/gfy jg ljsf; cfof]hgf, ;nf{xLsf] :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . o;
cfof]hgfcGtu{t ;fu/gfy jg lasf; kl/of]hgf / /t'jfdfO{ j[Iff/f]k0f cfof]hgf u/L b'O{ cnu
sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ . o; jif{ !@( x]S6/df j[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df #$=^) x]S6/df
j[Iff/f]k0f u/]sf], ;ldltn] lbuf] jg Joj:yfkgtkm{ Wofg glbPsf], ljleGg hftsf uf]lnof sf7 & xhf/
&)% 3glkm6, kf]n # xhf/ *** 3glkm6 / bfp/f %=%) r§f;d]t sl/a ?=! s/f]8 !# nfvsf] sf7
lxgfldgf ePsf]df ;DalGwt kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kg]{ Jox]f/f ut jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f
k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePsf]df xfn;Dd s'g} sf/jfxL u/]sf] kfOPg . ag If]qsf] ;du| Joj:yfkg
;DjGwdf ;DalGwt lgsfosf] Wofgfsif{0f x'g'kb{5 .
16. la?jf pTkfbg / j[Iff/f]k0f – g]kfnsf] s'n If]qkmndWo] ^% xhf/ $@@ ju{ ls=ld= -$$=$% k|ltzt_
lgs'Gh / jg If]qn] cf]u6]sf] 5 . afFsL *! xhf/ &(& ju{ ls=ld= -*! nfv &% xhf/ ( ;o x]S6/_
df dfgj a:tL, s[lif of]Uo hldg, pBf]uwGbf /x]sf 5g\ . ljut !) jif{df ;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 dfq
!$ s/f]8 $% nfv !( xhf/ la?jf pTkfbg ePsf] b]lvG5 . pTkflbt la?jfsf] ;/b/ d[To'b/ @)
k|ltzt s§f ubf{ pQm la?jfaf6 &@ xhf/ @%( x]S6/df j[Iff/f]k0f x'g] b]lvG5 . t/ jg ljefun]
j[Iff/f]k0f ePsf] If]qkmn, la?jf ;/]sf] / x's]{sf] ;DaGwdf clen]v /fvL cg'udg gu/]sf]n] pTkflbt
la?jfsf] pkof]u ePsf] ;'lglZrt x'g] cj:yf b]lvPg .
17. sf7 bfp/f pTkfbg – of] jif{ #) nfv 3glkm6 sf7 / # xhf/ %)) r§f bfp/f pTkfbg ug]{ nIo
lgwf{/0f ePsf]df !! nfv # xhf/ -#^=&& k|ltzt_ 3glkm6 sf7 / ! xhf/ %@( -$#=^* k|ltzt_
r§f bfp/f pTkfbg ePaf6 jg If]qaf6 nIocg'?k pTkfbg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
17.1. of] jif{;Dd ;d'bfonfO{ @@ nfv #* xhf/ x]S6/ jg If]q x:tfGt/0f ePsf]df j}1flgs jg
Joj:yfkgsf] nflu Kn6 lgwf{/0f, k'gM j[Iff/f]k0f, sf7 bfp/f lgisfzg, /f]huf/L tyf cfo l;h{gf x'g
;s]sf] 5}g . ;fd'bflos jgsf] dfWodaf6 j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ul/g'kb{5 .
17.2. j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw, @)&! sf] a'Fbf -@=@_ cg';f/ pQm sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug{]
lhDd]jf/L ljefusf] /x]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm sfo{qmd nfu" ePb]lv @)&% cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd jg If]qdf
eP u/]sf sfo{sf] ljj/0f b]xfocg';f/ 5M
klxrf jgn] cf]u6]sf] klxrfg eO{
klxrfg eO{ sfo{qmd
qm=;+= jgsf] lsl;d g If]qkmn sfo{qmd nfu"
nfu" ePsf] ;+Vof
;+Vof -x]=_ gePsf] ;+Vof
! ;/sf/åf/f Jojl:yt jg & !% xhf/ # -!) xhf/ x]=_ $ -% xhf/ x]=_
@ ;d'bfoåf/f Jojl:yt jg -;fd'bflos jg_ #@^ ^% xhf/ @)) -$) xhf/ x]=_ !@^ -@% xhf/ x]=_
# ;fem]bf/Ldf Jojl:yt jg #! &^ xhf/ !% -#$ xhf/ x]=_ !^ -$@ xhf/ x]=_
cfdlgjf{rg, c;dembf/L, ;fwg ;|f]tsf] sdL, bIf hgzlQmsf] cefjh:tf sf/0faf6 j}1flgs
jg Joj:yfkg sfo{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog ePsf] gb]lvPsf]n] sf7sf] x}l;ot lau|g] / sf7 Pj+
sf7hGo j:t' cfoft ug'{kg]{ e} /fli6«o cfodf c;/ kg]{ b]lvFbf k|efjsf/L ?kdf j}1flgs jg
Joj:yfkg sfo{qmd nfu" ug'{kb{5 .
17.3. ljefun] & lhNnfsf] !$ xhf/ %&@ x]S6/ rSnf jgsf] j}1flgs Joj:yfkg u/L jflif{s % nfv !*
xhf/ 3glkm6 sf7 / &#@ r§f bfp/f ;Íng u/L jflif{s ?=@& s/f]8 !! nfv /fh:j cfDbfgL k|fKt
u/L ^ nfv #$ xhf/nfO{ /f]huf/L lbg] nIo lgwf{/0f u/] tfklg j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg sfo{qmd
sfof{Gjog gul/Fbf k|ult xfl;n ePsf] 5}g .
18. sf7 pTkfbg, cfoft / laqmL – ljefun] pknAw u/fPsf] ljj/0fdf sf7sf] cfGtl/s pTkfbg @@
nfv $) xhf/ 3glkm6, cfoft !) nfv @ xhf/ 3glkm6, laqmL !! nfv $% xhf/ 3glkm6 /
df}Hbft !) nfv ($ 3glkm6 /x]sf] pNn]v 5 . ljefun] cg'dflgt dfu / cfjZostfsf] klxrfg u/L
pTkfbg, cfoft / df}Hbft Joj:yfkg u/]sf] kfOPg .
18.1. ljefun] sf7 cfoft cg'dlt lbFbf cfjZostf ljZn]if0f u/]sf] 5}g . k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ jg If]qdf
!) nfv ($ xhf/ 3glkm6 sf7 art /x]sf]df ;f]sf] k|of]usf] ;'lglZrttf gu/L cfoft Ohfht lbg]
u/]af6 jg If]qdf /x]sf sf7sf] plrt k|of]u x'g ;s]sf] b]lvPg .
18.2. jg P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf @)-!_df jgsf] Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ljefun] tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf sfo{ of]hgf
tof/ u/L dGqfnosf] :jLs[lt lng'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . t/ ljefun] jg k}bfjf/ sf7sf] ahf/sf] dfu,
jgsf] sf65fF6 tyf kftnLs/0f;DaGwL ljifo ;dfj]z u/L jg sfo{ of]hgf agfPsf] 5}g .
19. vf]6f] ;Íng — vf]6f] ;Íng sfo{ljlw lgb]{lzsf, @)^$ sf] bkmf !& -%_df k|To]s # jif{df vf]6f]
;Íngsf] lgoldt cg'udg d"NofÍg ug'{kg]{, jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg k|ltj]bg :jLs[t u/L vf]6f]
;Íng ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . jg ljefu / Ps pBf]uaLr vf]6f] ;Íng ug{sf] nflu @)^#.!).!$ df
ePsf] !) jif{sf] s/f/ ;Demf}tfdf l/n k|ljlw ckgfpg'kg]{ / ;f] gckgfO{ vf]6f] ;Íng ubf{ s'g} ?v
gi6 ePdf To:tf ?vsf] d"NonfO{ ljuf] sfod u/L Joj;foLaf6 c;'n ul/g] Joj:yf ePsf]df ?vsf]
cj:yf v'Ng] u/L clen]v /fv]sf] 5}g . a}t8L, 8f]6L, c5fd / 88]nw'/fsf] /fli6«o jg / ;fd'bflos
jgdf /x]sf ;Nnfaf6 !) sDkgLn] vf]6f] ;Íng sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf]df cg'udg Pj+ jftfj/0fLo k|efj
d"NofÍg u/]sf] kfOPg . cg'udg gePaf6 tf]lsPsf] kl/df0feGbf a9L vf]6f] ;Íng ePsf] 5}g eGg
;lsPg . o; ;DaGwdf ;'wf/ x'g'kb{5 .
20. dfkb08 – lhNnf jg sfof{no, uf]/vfn] ;fd'bflos jgaf6 #! nfv (# xhf/ lsnf]u|fd vf]6f] ;Íng
ubf{ dfkb08eGbf a9L 3fp agfPsf], 3fp /fVg] Kn]6 kmd{ k|efjsf/L gePsf], gDa/ gnufPsf] ?vaf6
vf]6f] ;Íng u/]sf], vf]6f] ;Íng ug{] tflnd glnPsf], k/Dk/fut k|ljlwdf l6gdf s'k|L agfP/ vf]6f]
lems]sf], l/nsf] sf]0f gldn]sf]n] vf]6f] aLraf6 au]sf] / cfunfuL;d]t ePsf] cj:yf 5 . o:tf]
sfo{df ;+nUg ;+:yfnfO{ sf/afxL u/L lgwf{l/t dfkb08adf]lhd vf]6f] ;Íng sfo{ ug'{kb{5 .
21. jg k}bfjf/sf] laqmL b/ – jg lgodfjnL, @)%! sf] lgod !$-@_ df jg k}bfjf/ ;fdu|L laqmL ug]{
k|of]hgsf] nflu Go"gtd d"No lgwf{/0f ubf{ k|rlnt ahf/ d"NonfO{ ;d]t Wofgdf /fvL tof/ ug'{kg]{
Joj:yf 5 . ;f] a]u/ lhNnf jg sfof{no, sf7df8f}Fn] laqmL k|of]hgsf] nflu 9'Ëf / u|fe]nsf] k|lt
3gld6/ nfut cg'dfg qmdzM ?=%@.(% / u|fe]n !)%.() sfod u/]sf]df ahf/ d"No qmdzM ?=!
xhf/ ($!.%) / ?=# xhf/ !)(.*) /x]sf] 5 . lhNnf jg sfof{no, d'u'n] ahf/ d"No ?=@ xhf/ %))
/x]sf] s'6\sL -h8La'6L_ sf] nfut cg'dfg k|lt s]=lh=?=!%. to u/]sf]n] laqmL d"No oyfy{k/s b]lvPg .
d"No sfod ug]{ k4ltdf ;'wf/ ug{k' b{5 .
22. jg If]qsf] cfo — jg If]qsf lqmofsnfkx? sf7 bfp/f laqmL, cfoft lgof{t, jg k}bfjf/ / h8La'6L
lgsf;L, /fli6«o lgs'~h, cf/If / ;+/If0f If]qsf] z'Nsnufotsf sfo{af6 ljut % jif{df ePsf]
cfDbfgL vr{sf] cj:yf b]xfocg';f/ 5M

-/sd ?=nfvdf_
jg If]qdf ;/sf/L nufgL nufgLsf] cg'kftdf cfDbfgL
cfly{s jif{ jg If]qaf6 k|fKt cfo /sd
/sd k|ltzt
2069/70 3,70,93 1,39,57 38
2070/71 6,02,33 1,18,21 20
2071/72 7,05,81 53,61 8
2072/73 10,14,02 70,82 7
2073/74 12,60,50 1,51,50 12
2074/75 12,28,65 1,87,39 15
22.1. cfly{s jif{ @)^(.&) ;Dd jg If]q #(=^ k|ltzt /x]sf]df xfn j[l4 eO{ $$=$% k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
jg If]qsf] nufgLdf j[l4 eP tfklg jg If]qaf6 k|fKt x'g'kg]{ cfDbfgL @)&@.&# ;Dd 36\bf] b/df
/x]sf]df @)&#.&$ b]lv s]xL ;'wf/ eO{ @)&$.&% df !% k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
22.2. b]zsf %# lhNnfdf h8La'6L ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] nflu of] jif{ ?=@* s/f]8 @) nfv
ljlgof]hg ePsf]df ?=!& s/f]8 $% nfv vr{ ePsf] 5 . dGqfnon] h8La'6L ks]6 If]q lgwf{/0f u/L
h8La'6Lsf] cfo j[l4 ug]{ u/L u'?of]hgf agfPsf] 5}g .
22.3. /]8 sfof{Gjog OsfO{ sfof{nosf] p2]Zocg';f/ jg ljsf; Pj+ jgsf] IfoLs/0f sd u/L xl/t u[x
UofF;sf] pT;h{gdf s6f}tL ub}{ sfj{g Jofkf/af6 ;g\ @)@# ;Dddf nfe lng ;Sg] u/L sfo{qmd
th'{df u/]sf] 5 . t/ of] jif{ !$ sfo{qmdsf] k|ult z"Go /x]sf]n] sfj{gaf6 ck]lIft cfo k|fKt ug{ yk
k|of; ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
22.4. jg lgodfjnL, @)%! sf] lgod $( df ;/sf/L hUuf cGo lgsfo/;+:yfnfO{ pkof]u ug{ lbPdf
To;/L pknAw u/fPsf] hUufaf6 /f]oN6L c;'n ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . lhNnf jg sfof{no kfFry/,
dsjfgk'/, eQmk'/ / sf7df8f}F / lzjk'/L /fli6«o lgs'~hn] cGo lgsfonfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] hUufsf]
;Demf}tfcg';f/ k|fKt ug'{kg]{ jg /f]oN6L ?=@& nfv %) xhf/ k|fKt u/]sf] b]lvPg . Aofh;lxt /f]oN6L
/sd c;'n ug{'kb{5 .
23. /fh:j bflvnf – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod ( adf]lhd k|fKt /sd /fh:jdf
bflvnf ug'{kg{] Joj:yf 5 . lhNnf jg sfof{no hfh/sf]6, bfª / uf]/vf;d]t !& n] sf7 laqmLafkt
?=( s/f]8 #! nfv #^ xhf/ v ^ ;d"xsf] ljljw vftfdf /fv]sf] 5 . pQm /sd /fh:j vftfdf
bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
24. ljQLo ljj/0f – lhNnf jg sfof{no, t]x|y'd, af/f, s}nfnL / ;'v]{tn] sfof{nodf /x]sf] (@ xhf/ ^&$
3g lkm6 sf7 / %# r§f bfp/f k|rlnt b/df d"NofÍg ubf{ x'g] ?=!! s/f]8 !! nfv /fh:j cfly{s
ljj/0fdf ;dfj]z gu/]sf]n] k|:t't ljQLo ljj/0fn] cfly{s sf/f]af/sf] oyfy{ lrq0f ub}{g . ljQLo
ljj/0fdf sf7sf] d"No ;dfj]z ug'{kb{5 .
25. b'|tdfu{sf sf7 – jg lgodfjnL, @)%) sf] lgod ( df lhNnf jg k}bfj/ cfk"lt{ ;ldltdfkm{t
af]nsaf]naf6 3/fo;L k|of]hg, b}jL k|sf]k, s[lif cf}hf/sfnflu sf7 laqmL ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf /x]sf]
5 . lghu9 sf7df8f}F b'|tdfu{df kg]{ ;fd'bflos tyf /fli6«o jgsf] qmdzM !) xhf/ #! / @ xhf/
(& ?v s6fg ug{ :jLs[lt ePcg';f/ ;fd'bflos jgtkm{ @* xhf/ (%! 3glkm6 sf7 / *@ r§f
bfp/f / ;/sf/åf/f Jojl:yt jgtkm{ ( nfv $) xhf/ sf7 / !& r§f bfp/f s6fg eO{ ljut !
jif{b]lv ;8s lsgf/fdf /fv]sf] 5 .
26. ?v s6fg lx;fa – g]kfn ;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\sf] @)&$.*.* sf] lg0f{oadf]lhd b'|tdfu{sf] k|j]z
ljGb'b]lv ( ls=ld=;Dd +%) ld6/ / (–&^=@) ls=ld= bfofF afofF jgIf]q /x]sf ljleGg k|hfltsf !
nfv %! xhf/ &*% ?v la?jf ;DalGwt jg sfof{noaf6 :jLs[lt lnO{ x6fpg] lg0f{o ePsf] 5 .
g]kfnL ;]gfn] lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] s6fg tyf 5kfg cfb]zcg';f/ %) ld6/ ;8s ;Ldfleqsf !^

xhf/ %!$ ?v s6fg u/]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . g]kfnL ;]gfn] b]vfPsf] / jg ljefun] b]vfPsf] clen]vdf
?v s6fg ug'{kg]{ ?vsf] ;+Vof le8]sf] 5}g . ;f] ;DaGwdf olsg ug'{kb{5 .
26.1. b'|tdfu{df s6fg ePsf ?v / 3f6u2L ul/Psf sf7 / bfp/fsf] nut olsg u/L d'r'Nsf agfO{ sf7sf]
clen]v Pj+ u0fgf u/]sf] b]lvPg . ;8s 5]pdf /x]sf] sf7 ;dodfg} d"NofÍg u/L lnnfd gubf{
sf7sf] x}l;ot lau|g,] x/fpg] x'Fbf ;dodfg} sf7sf] nut Plsg u/L lnnfd laqmL ug'{kg]{ b]lvof] .
26.2. sf7 pTkfbg cfk"lt{ / Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsf, @)&@ sf] a'Fbf g+= ^-$_ df /fli6«o uf}/jsf] of]hgfdf
s6fg ePsf ;fd'bflos jgsf sf7x? %) k|ltzt e"sDkkLl8tnfO{ pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf eP klg
xfn;Dd tL sf7x? e"sDkkLl8tsf nflu ljt/0f x'g ;s]sf] b]lvPg .
27. sfo{qmda]u/ ;Demf}tf – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @# df sfo{qmd :jLs[t ug'{kg]{
Joj:yf 5 . lhNnf jg sfof{no, af/fn] :jLs[lta]u/ Onfsf jg sfof{no, dw'jg af/fsf] ejg
lgdf{0fsf] nflu Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=$% nfv #@ xhf/df ;Demf}tf u/L ?=* nfv sfo{
;~rfng sf]ifaf6 df]lanfOh];g k]:sL lbPsf] kfOof] . lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] k|yd /lgª lansf] ?=@#
nfv %% xhf/ e'QmfgLsf] nflu @)&$.!.!$ df dfu u/]sf]df ah]6sf] cefjdf e'QmfgL ug{ g;s]sf]
hgfPsf] 5 . :jLs[t sfo{qmd / ah]6g} gePsf] sfo{ ug{ ;Demf}tf ug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{
sf/afxL ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
28. ;fdfg df}Hbft – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod % df ;fdfg vl/b ug'{ cl3
cfjZostf lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ljefun] k]6«f]lnË sfo{sf] nflu df]afOn !)) yfg, Nofk6k
!! yfg, 6\ofan]6 * yfg vl/b u/L ?=#( nfv %) xhf/ vr{ n]v]sf] 5 . cfly{s jif{sf] cGTodf
vl/b u/]sf] pQm ;fdu|L n]vfk/LIf0f cjlw;Dd klg k|of]udf NofPsf] 5}g . pkof]u gx'g] u/L ;fdu|L
vl/b ug]{ u/fpg]nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfOg'kb{5 .
29. sf7sf] pkof]u – lhNnf jg sfof{no, /;'jfn] x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] !($ x]S6/df km}lnPsf] uf]7]g
;fd'bflos jgsf] l7ªu'/] / uf]a|] ;Nnfsf $ xhf/ %!@ ?v cfunfuLaf6 ;'s]sf / ltgLx?sf] s'n
cfotg * nfv !) xhf/ So'laslkm6 tyf bfp/f ! xhf/ !$* r§f /x]sf] hgfP tfklg s6fg d'5fg
u/L laqmL ljt/0f x'g g;Sbf 7"nf] kl/df0fsf] sf7 pkof]udf cfpg ;s]sf] b]lvPg .
30. w/f}6L – lhNnf jg sfof{no, df]/ªn] k]; u/]sf] uf}Zj/f w/f}6L vftfdf b]vfPsf] df}HbfteGbf cfly{s
ljj/0fdf b]vfPsf] df}Hbft ?=@& nfv @# xhf/ 36L ePsf] kfOof] . vftfeGbf cfly{s ljj/0fdf 36L
ePsf] /sd ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L oyfy{tf olsg ul/g'kb{5 .
31. cdfgt – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod (* df ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] cdfgtaf6 sfo{
u/fpFbf ?=! nfvdf ga9fO{ ug{'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . lhNnf jg sfof{no, df]/ªn] ?=! nfveGbf a9L
/sdsf] #^ j6f sfd cdfgtaf6 u/L ?=@ s/f]8 %$ nfv vr{ n]v]sf] 5 . lgodljk/Lt cdfgtaf6
sfd u/fO{ vr{ ug]{nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
/fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefu
jg:klt, jGohGt' / e"–Ifox?sf] ;+/If0f ;+j4{g tyf Joj:yfkg ug]{ p2]Zon] o; ljefusf] :yfkgf
@)@( ;fndf ePsf] xf] .
32. u'?of]hgf – /fli6«o k|f0fL pBfg s]Gb| ;~rfng lgb{]lzsf, @)&@ sf] bkmf % df /fli6«o k|f0fL pBfg
;~rfng / Joj:yfkgsf] nflu cfjZos gLlt, /0fgLlt, u'?of]hgf tyf Joj:yfkg of]hgf agfpg] /
sfof{Gjog ug{] pNn]v 5 . t/ xfn;Dd gLlt, /0fgLlt;lxtsf] u'?of]hgf tof/ u/]sf] kfOPg . /fli6«o
k|f0fL pBfgsf] ;le{; 6«ofssf] PnfOGe]G6 :jLs[t gu/L @$% x]S6/ jgsf] !$ ls=ld= ;fFwl;dfgf
5'§fpg !! ls=ld= tf/af/ ug]{ nufotsf sfo{ u/L ?=@ s/f]8 *) nfv vr{ u/] tfklg xfn;Dd pQm
sfo{ cw'/f] /x]sf] 5 . u'?of]hgf tof/ u/]/ dfq ;+/rgf lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{'kb{5 .

33. 36L /fh:j – jg lgodfjnL, @)%! sf] cg';"rL ^ df 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf, ;Íngsf] cg'dlt lbFbf tyf
vfgL pTvgg ubf{ /f]oN6L c;'n ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . z'SnfkmfF6f /fli6«o lgs'~h If]qn] 9'Ëf lu§L
afn'jfsf] /f]oN6L k|lt 3gld6/ ?=!!(.^) sf] b/n] c;'n ug'{kg]{df ?=^).– sf] b/n] ?=#& nfv **
xhf/ c;'n u/]sf] b]lvof] . hgtfsf] t6aGw sfo{qmdsf Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] lgs'~hleqaf6 !(
xhf/ #$^ 3gld6/ u|fe]n ;Íng u/L k|lt 3gld6/ ?=!!(.^) sf] b/n] ?=@# nfv !$ xhf/ /f]oN6L
a'emfpg'kg]{df ?=!! nfv ^! xhf/dfq a'emfPsf] b]lvPsf]n] ?=!! nfv %# xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
34. aSof}tf /fh:j – /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf dWojtL{ If]qleqsf xf]6n, nh tyf lrof k;n ;~rfng
sfo{ljlw, @)&) sf] bkmf % df @)&#.&$ kl5 ;a} xf]6n, nh tyf lrof k;nnfO{ v'nf k|lt:kwf{sf
cfwf/df 5gf}6 u/L ;~rfng cg'dlt lbOg] pNn]v 5 . nfª6fª /fli6«o lgs'~h, /;'jfdf klxn]b]lv
;~rfngdf /x]sf %% j6f xf]6n, nh tyf lrof k;nx? oyfjt\ rln/x]sf] l:ylt /x]sf] 5 .
k|lt:kwf{sf] cfwf/df ;~rfng cg'dlt lbOg] Joj:yfsf] sfof{Gjog ePsf] 5}g . sfof{non] aSof}tf
/x]sf] /fh:j ?=! s/f]8 &! nfv %& xhf/ c;'n u/]sf] 5}g .
e" tyf hnfwf/ ;+/If0f ljefu
hnfwf/ If]qx?sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;+j4{g u/L af9L, klx/f], e"Ifo h:tf k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] rfk sd ug]{
tyf e" ;+/If0f ;DaGwL sfo{qmdsf] af/]df k|rf/ k|;f/ u/L hgr]tgf clej[l4 u/fpg]] p2]Zon] e" tyf hnfwf/
;+/If0f ljefusf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] .
35. lz/f]ef/ vr{ — ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !! df dfn;fdfg vl/bsf] nflu nfut
cg'dfg tof/ ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . dfn;fdfgsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ cf]e/x]8 ;dfj]z ug]{
Joj:yf 5}g . kj{tLo hnfwf/ ;+/If0f cfof]hgf, cGtu{t e"–;+/If0f sfof{no c5fd, afh'/f, 8f]6L, /
a}t8Ln] dfn;fdfg vl/bsf] nflu tof/ u/]sf] nfut cg'dfgdf !% k|ltzt cf]e/x]8 yk u/]sf] b]lvof] .
lgodljk/Lt nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t u/L cfk"t{snfO{ ?=&% nfv $^ xhf/ cf]e/x]8 e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 .
lgodljk/Lt nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/L vr{ n]Vg] kbflwsf/L / k/fdz{bftfnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ pQm
/sd c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
36. sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@% df vl/b ;Demf}tfadf]lhd
lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGGf ePsf] #) lbgleq ;DalGwt lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] lgdf{0f ePadf]lhdsf] gS;f / q'l6
;Rofpg] cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 lgdf{0f sfo{sf] hfFra'em u/L sfo{;DkGg k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'k{ g]{ Joj:yf
5 . lhNnf e"–;+/If0f sfof{no, c5fdn] lgdf{0f ePsf] sfo{sf] sfo{;DkGg k|ltj]bg, u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f
k|df0f / Ph ljN6 gS;f tof/ gu/L ?=* s/f]8 &# nfv @# xhf/ vr{ n]v]sf] lgoldt b]lvPg .
sfo{d"ns tyf jftfj/0f n]vfk/LIf0f
/fli6«o lgs'~h tyf ;+/lIft If]qsf] Joj:yfkg
g]kfndf /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f If]q !@, jGohGt' cf/If !, lzsf/ cf/If !, ;+/If0f If]q
^ / dWojt{L{ If]q !# /x]sf 5g\ . dWojtL{ If]qn] s'n #$ xhf/ ju{ ls=ld= If]qkmn -@#=#( k|ltzt_ cf]u6]sf]
5 . ;+/lIft If]qdWo] !# dWojt{L{ If]q Joj:yfkg sfo{qmdaf6 sl/a ^% xhf/ 3/ kl/jf/ tyf !! nfv $%
xhf/ hg;+Vof nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ . ;+/lIft If]qsf] h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f, ;fd'bflos ljsf; Pj+ dWojtL{
If]qsf kz'kG5L, jg:klt ;+/If0f, dfgj Pj+ hgfj/aLrsf] åGå Go"gLs/0f, cfo l;h{gf ug{ th'{df ul/Psf]
/fli6«o gLlt, Joj:yfksLo lqmofsnfk, sfof{Gjog / kl/0ffdsf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ p2]Zon] sfo{d"ns n]vfk/LIf0f
ul/Psf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
37. lgs'~h Joj:yfkg – /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g, @)@( sf] bkmf !^ df lgs'~h÷cf/If
leq pko'Qm Joj:yfsf] nflu lzsf/ ug{, k|fs[lts pkh x6fpg jf cGo cfjZos sfo{x? ug{ b:t'/
lnO{ tf]s]sf] jg k}bfj/ jf cGo ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] tyf jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ng sfod ug'{kg]{
Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . lgs'~h Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
37.1. lgs'~h If]qdf 3'Dg cfpg] ko{6s/:yfgLo jfl;Gbfaf6 lgisfzg x'g] kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf
sfo{of]hgf agfPsf] 5}g . lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h If]q jl/kl/ /x]sf ljo/ tyf rfprfp sf/vfgf,
wfld{s :yn, x\ofr/L pBf]u / gu/kflnsf If]qaf6 lg:s]sf] kmf]xf]/ ;+/If0f If]qleqsf] gf/fo0fL gbLdf
ôfSg] u/]sf]n] To;af6 jGohGt' / lgs'~h If]q Joj:yfkg k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
37.2. ljefuaf6 k|fKt tYofÍcg';f/ k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] b:t'/ ;Íng, tYofÍ ;Íng / /rgfTds lqmofsnfk
;~rfng ug{ !# ;+/If0f If]qdf Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g ePsf] dWo] !@ ;ldltn] ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{
gu/]sf], @ dlxgfsf] cGt/df a}7s ga;]sf], Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] ;/sf/L cg'bfg;d]t ;dfj]z u/L
cfo Joo ljj/0f tof/ gu/]sf], vr{sf] k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f / ljsf; sfo{df Ps?ktf x'g] u/L
sfo{ljlw tof/ gu/]sf]n] lgs'~h Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] sfo{ k|efjsf/L b]lvPsf] 5}g .
37.3. rf}wfF} of]hgfdf /fli6«o jg ljsf; tyf Joj:yfkg sfof{Gjogsf] nflu s0ff{nL / dxfsfnL gbL aLrsf]
lzjflns, tNnf] dxfef/t If]qut h}ljs ljljwtf tyf hnfwf/ ;+/If0f / s0ff{nL dxfsfnL e"kl/lw
;+/If0fnufotsf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df g]kfnsf !!* kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL ;+/lIft
If]qdf ;d]l6P klg If]qLo, ef}uf]lns kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL ;d]6\g] u/L h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f Joj:yf
gu/]sf], @) ;+/If0f If]qdWo] lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~hdf dfq k|f0fL c:ktfn :yfkgf u/]sf] x'Fbf nIo
cg';f/sf sfo{ ePsf] kfOPg . ctM cfjlws of]hgf Pj+ lgoddf ePsf lgs'~h Joj:yfkg;DaGwL
Joj:yf sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
38. lzsf/ cf/If – /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g, @)@( adf]lhd lzsf/ cf/If Joj:yf ug{
;Sg], jg lgodfjnL, @)#) adf]lhd jGohGt' lzsf/ cg'dltkq / jGohGt' lzsf/sf nflu g]kfnL /
ljb]zL JolQmnfO{ a]Unfa]Un} nfUg] b:t'/ tf]sL sfof{Gjog ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . g]kfndf lzsf/ ug{
9f]/kf6g lzsf/ cf/If dfq v'nf u/]sf]df @)&#.&$ df $# lzsf/ sf]6faf6 ?=! s/f]8 $( nfv /
@)&$.&% df #) lzsf/ sf]6faf6 ?=%% nfv !& xhf/ /fh:j k|fKt ePsf] 5 . j}1flgs ljlw ckgfO{
hLjhGt' Pj+ r/fsf ;+Vofx? cWoog ug]{, kz' cg'kftsf cfwf/df cg';Gwfg ug]{ lghL If]qnfO{ ;d]t
jGohGt' / kz'kG5Lsf] ;+/If0f, ljsf; Pj+ lzsf/ cf/If Joj:yfkg tyf cf/If / ko{6g pBf]u
ljsf;df yk sfo{ ePsf] kfOPg . ctM h+unsf] cg'kftdf clws ;+Vofdf /x]sf hLj / kG5Lx?
Joj:yfkg u/L lzsf/ cf/If yk u/L cfo Joj:yfkg ug{ j}1flgs ;j]{If0f Pj+ j}slNks Joj:yfx?sf]
cWoog ug'{kb{5 .
39. /f]huf/L / cfo – /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g, @)@( sf] k|:tfjgfdf jGohGt' / To;sf]
jf;:yfgsf] ;+/If0f, ;+j4{g / ljsf; tyf plrt Joj:yf / pkof]u u/L ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] ;bfrf/
/ ;'ljwf sfod /fVg] pNn]v 5 . of] jif{ ko{6sLo k"jf{wf/df ?=! s/f]8 ($ nfv, :yfgLo ;+:s[lt
;+/If0f / ;+j4{gdf ?=%! nfv;lxt @) lgsfoaf6 lgs'~h Jofj;flos sfo{df ?=! ca{ %% s/f]8
vr{ u/]sf] 5 eg] lgs'~hx?af6 ?=&) s/f]8 /fh:j k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
40. lgs'~h cltqmd0f – /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g, @)@( df lgs~h If]q leqsf] e"efu
sAhf ug{, cfjfbL ug{, v]tL ug{ afnL pAhfpg sf6\g, 3/kfn'jf hLjhGt' jf kG5L r/fpg,
jgk}bfj/df xfgLgf]S;fgL k'¥ofpg / vlgh lgsfNg gkfOg] Joj:yf 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf
40.1. lgs'~h If]qsf] # xhf/ *&^ x]S6/ jg cltqmldt ePsf] dWo] dWojtL{ If]qdf # xhf/ ^($ x]S6/ -
()=^ k|ltzt_ If]q cltqmd0f ePsf] 5 . o; cfly{s jif{df @% x]S6/dfq cltqmd0f x6fP tfklg
lgs'~hleq /x]sf a:tL :yfgfGt/0f gePaf6 jGohGt'sf] k|fs[lts j;f]jf; / cfxf/ ljxf/df c;/
k/]sf] 5 .
40.2. ljefuaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ @)%* b]lv @)&$ ;Dddf ^ gofF lsl;dsf] k|hflt yk ePsf], b'n{e
jGohGt', af3, u}8f, cgf{sf] ;Vofdf ### uf]6f j[l4 eP klg cfxf/ ljxf/ If]q lj:tf/ gePsf],
dWojlt{ If]q dfgjLo cltqmd0fdf kg'{sf] ;fy} ;+/lIft If]q j/k/sf] j9\bf] hg3gTj Pj+ cJojl:yt
a;f]af;sf sf/0f jGohGt'sf] jf;:yfgdf ePsf] IfoLs/0f Pj+ ;+s'rgn] ubf{ jGohGt' cfˆgf]

jf;:yfg 5f]8L ufpFj:tLdf j:g] u/]sf] kfO{G5 . afFb/, b'D;L, a+b]n, xfQLsf] sf/0fn] afnLgfnLsf]
Joj:yfkg / dfgj a:tL c;'/lIft ePsf] 5 eg] jGohGt'sf] rf]/L lgsf;L / cj}w lzsf/ ug]{ k4ltn]
hLjhGt'sf] cl:tTjdf ;+s6 k}bf ePsf] 5 . t;y{ cltqmd0f If]q x6fO{ lgs'~h Joj:yfkg ul/g'kb{5 .
41. dfgj / jGohGt' åGå – jGohGt'af6 x'g] Ifltsf] /fxt;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)^( n] xflQ, u}8f, af3,
efn', lrt'jf, lxplrt'jf, Wjf;] lrt'jf, Jjf;f], h+unL s'v'/f, ab]n, cgf{nufot !! jGohGt'af6
dfgjLo tyf kz'wg Ifltdf Ifltk"lt{ lbg] Joj:yf ePklg e08f/0f u/]sf] ;fdfg, 3/uf]7sf] Iflt /
vfBfGg afnLdf xfQLaf6 ePsf] Ifltsf] dfq Ifltk"lt{ lbg] pNn]v 5 . @)&@.&# / @)&$.&% df $&
dflg;sf] d[To' / !%$ hgf 3fOt] ePsf], ! xhf/ @(! jGohGt'sf] d[To' ePsf], # xhf/ #)$ 3/uf]7
/ @ xhf/ ^@( 3/w'/Lsf] cGgafnL Iflt eO{ xfn;Dd ;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 ?=^ s/f]8 *# nfv $)
xhf/ Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fPsf]df Iflt tyf åGå Go"g ug{] pkfo canDjg ug'{kb{5 .
42. lgs'~hsf] hUuf cGo sfddf k|of]u – ;+/lIft If]qleq ef}lts k'jf{wf/x? lgdf{0f Pj+ ;~rfng;DaGwL
sfo{gLlt, @)^% df /fli6«o k|fyldstf k|fKt cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ /fli6«o lgs'~h, cf/If, ;+/If0f
If]q tyf dWojtL{ If]qsf hUuf pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf 5 . /fli6«o lgs'~h If]qdf xfn;Dd @@&=%)
x]S6/ jg If]q cGo k|of]hgsf] nflu pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . $ hnljB't cfof]hgfnfO{ pknAw u/fPsf]
%* x]S6/ hUuf zf]wegf{ ug'{kg]{dWo] $$ x]S6/df ef}lts ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ePsf]df ;f] a/fa/sf] hUuf
zf]wegf{ k|fKt ePsf] 5}g . ;fy} cGo sfo{df k|of]u eP a/fa/sf] If]qdf j[Iff/f]k0f x'g ;s]sf] kfO{Pg .
To:t} cGgk"0f{ ;+/If0f If]qcGtu{t ;fj{hlgs jg If]qdf cltqmd0f u/L !!* xf]6n ;~rfng ePsf]df
cltqmd0f x6fpg s'g} k|of; ePsf] 5}g . ctM ;+/lIft If]qn] cf]u6]sf] If]qkmn, cltqmd0f If]q
ef]uflwsf/ lbPsf]df /fh:j c;'nL, cltqmd0f x6fpg / lnlhª Joj:yf adf]lhd sfg"gL bfo/fdf
Nofpg' kb{5 .
43. jGohGt'sf] k|fs[lts af6f] – lgs'~h, cf/If jf ;+/If0f If]q u}/;/sf/L jf cGo ;+:yfnfO{ Joj:yfkg
ug{ lbg] gLltsf] ;DaGwdf cjnDjg ul/g] sfo{k|ls|of, @)^) sf] a'Fbf g+=&=# df hgfj/ kz'kG5L jf
hLjhGt'nfO{ xfgL gf]S;fgL k'¥ofpg gkfOg] Joj:yf 5 . ljefun] @) ;+/lIft If]qdWo] !) If]qdf
k|fs[lts k/Dk/fdf hLjhGt'n] cf]xf]/bf]xf]/ ug]{ af6f] klxrfg, Joj:yfkg, ;+/If0f ub}{ To:tf If]qdf
ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ug{ /f]Sg], j[Iff/f]k0f / h}ljs ljljwtf k'g:yf{kgf u/L k/Dk/fut af6f] sfod
ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . hg;+Vof Pj+ zx/Ls/0fn] h+un If]qdf ePsf] lagf; / h+un Ps cfk;df
ghf]l8Psf] sf/0f af6f] dfl;g uO{ jGohGt'sf] k/Dk/fut cfjthfjt k|efljt ePsf] b]lvG5 .
44. ko{6g pBf]uaf6 nfe – ;+/If0f If]qsf] :yfkgf ug'{sf] p2]Zo h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f, ;+j{4g /
jGohGt' ;+/If0f ug{'sf ;fy} o;af6 kof{ko{6g pBf]u, h8La'6L ljsf; k|j4{g, xf]6n Joj:yfkg
k|j4{g;d]t ug]{ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . of] jif{ % ;+/If0f If]qdf *& ;f+:s[lts k/Dk/f ;+/If0f u/L ?=%! nfv
vr{ u/]sf] 5 . ljut % jif{ ;/sf/L nufgL ?=# ca{ #( s/f]8, cfDbfgL ?=@ ca{ ^& s/f]8 / ko{6s
;+Vof @* xhf/ /x]sf] kfOG5 . ;f]cg';f/ ^ jif{df ko{6s ;+Vofdf #& k|ltzt j[l4 ePsf] 5 .
ko{6sLo dgf]/~hg, k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f, tflnd, cfo cfh{g, bIftf ljsf;, gofF k|ljlw If]qsf] vf]h gx'Fbf
ko{6sLo pBf]uaf6 :yfgLo hgtfn] oyf]lrt nfe k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf] kfOPg .
;+/If0f If]q Joj:yfkg lgodfjnL, @)%# sf] lgod @@ df ;+/If0f If]qleq xf]6n, nh
;~rfng ug{ lbg] pNn]v 5 . o;} cfwf/df lgs'~hs} k"jf{wf/df /f/f /fli6«o lgs'~h, nfd6fª /fli6«o
lgs'~h, dsfn' /fli6«o lgs'~h, cGgk"0f{ ;+/If0f If]qleq xf]6n tyf nh v'n]sf] kfOG5 . o:tf xf]6]n
Pj+ kof{ko{6g pBf]u vf]Nbf jftfj/0f k/LIf0f u/L To;If]qsf] k|fs[lts jf;:yfg jGohGt' cfxf/ljxf/
/ :j:y jftfj/0f sfod /fVg] sfo{ u/]sf] kfOPg . jftfj/0fLo cWoog Pj+ k|lt:kwf{a]u/ vf]lnPsf
pBf]un] jftfj/0fLo :jR5tf sfod ug{ / hLjhGt'sf] ;'/Iff sfod ug{ ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g .
jg ;Dkbf tyf jGohGt'x?sf] ;+/If0f / ;b'kof]udf 6]jf k'¥ofpg rf]/L lgsf;L lgoGq0f,
clws kz'kG5L ;+Vof Joj:yfkg, åGå Joj:yfkg, cf/If lj:tf/ / dWojtL{ Joj:yfkg, /0fg}lts
of]hgf tof/ u/L ;+/If0f ug'{kg]{, /f]huf/L l;h{gf k"jf{wf/ tof/ ug]{, h}ljs ljljwtf Joj:yfkg u/L
k|fs[lts Pj+ k/Dk/fut af6f]x? ;+/If0f ug{'kb{5 .
j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg
jgsf] plrt Joj:yfkgaf6 :yfgLo tyf /fli6«o cy{tGqdf pNn]vgLo of]ubfg /xg] tYonfO{
cfTd;ft u/L g]kfnn] @)&! b]lv j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] b]lvG5 . ;+o'Qm /fi6«
;+3n] lbuf] jg Joj:yfkgsf nflu hf/L u/]sf] ljZjJofkL nIo Pj+ ef/tdf k|of]udf NofOPsf z]N6/p8 tyf
;]n]S;g k¢ltnfO{ j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkgsf] cfwf/ dfgL sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] kfOof] . slknj:t' lhNnfaf6
z'? ePsf] of] sfo{qmd xfn 8f]6L, h'Dnf, ?kGb]xL, nlntk'/, af/f, Onfd, wg'iff;d]t $$ lhNnfdf
sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf] 5 . s'n jg If]qsf] %! k|ltzt If]qdf pTkfbgd"ns j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg u/L jflif{s
^ b]lv !@ s/f]8 3glkm6;Dd sf7 pTkfbg, !@ nfv (% xhf/;Ddn] jflif{s /f]huf/L / jflif{s sl/a Ps va{
/fh:j cfh{g x'g] cg'dfgsf ;fy sfo{ljlw agfO{ sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] o; sfo{qmdsf] jftfj/0fLo
45. ufx{:Yo pTkfbgdf of]ubfg — cfly{s ;j]{If0fx?df s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgdf s[lif tyf jg If]qsf]
of]ubfg 5'§f5§} b]lvg] ljZn]if0f gu/L jg If]qsf] of]ubfgnfO{ s[lif If]qsf] of]ubfg;Fu cfj4 u/]sf]
b]lvG5 . s'n uffx{:y pTkfbgdf s[lif tyf jg If]qsf] of]ubfg @)^&.^* df #^ k|ltzt;Dd k'u]sf]df
@)&$.&% df @& k|ltztdf ;Lldt /x]sf] 5 . j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw, @)&! adf]lhd jg
If]qaf6 jflif{s ! va{ ?k}of /fh:j ;Íng ug{ ;lsg] cg'dfg u/] tfklg of] jif{ ?=@ ca{ -@ k|ltzt_
/fh:j ;Íng ePsf] b]lvFbf s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgdf jg If]qsf] of]ubfg Go"g /x]sf] 5 . j}1flgs jg
Joj:yfkgsf] cfjlws nIo;lxtsf] sfo{of]hgf agfO{ k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
46. sfo{of]hgf — jg tyf e";+/If0f ljefuaf6 k|fKt tYof+sdf g]kfnsf] h+undf $$# k|hfltsf @ ca{
%^ s/f]8 #@ nfv ?v /x]sf] pNn]v 5 . h;af6 hdLgdflysf] ;'Vvf h}ljs lk08 ! ca{ !% s/f]8
(^ nfv 6g /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] s'n If]qkmn ! s/f]8 $& nfv !* xhf/ !)) x]S6/ dWo] $)=$)
k|ltzt h+un / $=#$ k|ltzt a'6\ofg ;lxt jgsf] If]qkmn ^^ nfv !) xhf/ x]S6/ /x]sf] 5 .
sfo{ljlw tof/ ubf{ tTsfn sfod /x]sf] jg If]q $@ nfv &% xhf/ x]S6/ -%! k|ltzt_ sf] x'g] @!
nfv *) xhf/ x]S6/ jgIf]q pTkfbgd"ns j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg ug{ of]Uo /x]sf] pNn]v 5 .
sfo{qmd nfu" ePsf] ^ jif{ lalt;Sbf hDdf *$ xhf/ ##$ x]S6/ -#=() k|ltzt_ df dfq j}1flgs
jg Joj:yfkg sfo{of]hgf :jLs[t u/L nfu" u/]sf] / j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw, @)&! nfu"
ePkl5 # jif{df ?=#& s/f]8 ^ nfv vr{ ePsf] l:yltn] j}1flgs jg Joj:Yffkgsf] sfof{Gjog l:ylt
;':t /x]sf] b]lvof] . pTkfbgzLn jgsf] cfjlws nIo ;lxtsf] sfo{of]hgf agfO{ j}1flgs jg
Joj:yfkgåf/f clwstd nfe lng sfof{Gjogdf bIftf Nofpg'kb{5 .
47. cfo — j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw, @)&! cg';f/ t/fO{sf @) lhNnfsf] $ nfv (# xhf/ #&(
x]S6/ If]qkmnsf] cfwf cyf{t\ @ nfv $^ xhf/ ^*( x]S6/df dfq j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg sfo{qmd
nfu" ePdf jflif{s ?=!% ca{sf b/n] cfo cfh{g x'g] cg'dfg u/] klg @)^(.&) b]lv @)&$.&% ;Dd
^ jif{sf] jg If]qsf] cfocfh{g qmdzM ?=!=#(, ?=!=!*, ?=)=%#, ?=)=&), ?=!=%# / ?=@ ca{ /x]sf]
kfOof] . jg If]qsf] k|efjsf/L pkof]usf nflu j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg sfo{qmdnfO{ k"0f{ ?kdf nfu"
ubf{ jflif{s ?=! va{ /fh:j k|fKt x'g] k|If]k0f u/]sf]df @)^(.&) b]lv @)&$.&% ;Dd jflif{s cf};t
?=! ca{ @@ s/f]8 -!=@@ k|ltzt_ dfq k|fKt ePsf] b]lvPsf]n] j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkgaf6 k|fKt cfo
Go"g b]lvPsf] 5 . ctM k|If]lkt cfo k|fKt x'g] u/L bIftfk"j{s sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug{'kb{5 .
48. nIo / pTkfbg — j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw, @)&! df sfo{qmdsf] PsLs[t ljj/0f v'Ng]
tYofÍ /fVg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . jg tyf e";+/If0f ljefun] j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg sfo{qmd nfu" ePsf
$$ lhNnfsf] :jLs[t sfo{of]hgf cg'?ksf] pknlJw v'Ng] tYofÍ ;Íng gu/]sf] x'Fbf ljZn]if0f ug{
;lsPg . sfo{qmd nfu" ePsf s}nfnL, ;'v]{t, afFs] / ;nf{xLaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fdWo] s}nfnL lhNnfsf]
sf7 pTkfbg nIo jflif{s 1 nfv 51 xhf/ 3glkm6 /x]sf]df @)&$.&% df $ nfv $! xhf/ 3glkm6
-@(@ k|ltzt a9L_ pTkfbg u/]sf] 5 . ;'v]{t lhNnfsf] jflif{s nIo ! nfv ^ xhf/ 3glkm6 /x]sf]df
#^ xhf/ 3glkm6 -#$ k|ltzt_, ;nf{xL lhNnfsf] jflif{s nIo @ nfv $# xhf/ 3glkm6 /x]sf]df
@)&$.&% df #% xhf/ 3glkm6 -!$=!( k|ltzt_ dfq pTkfbg ePsf] 5 . af+s] lhNnfsf] jflif{s nIo
^% xhf/ 3glkm6 /x]sf]df ! nfv %) xhf/ 3glkm6 pTkfbg u/]sf] kfOof] . sfo{of]hgfcg';f/ 36L.
a9L pTkfbg x'g'sf] sf/0f klxrfg u/L ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
49. hUufsf] ;§f egf{ — jg P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf ^* tyf jg If]q k|of]u ug]{ ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, @)&$
sf] a'+bf * cg';f/ d'gfkmf sdfpg] p2]Zon] sfof{Gjog x'g] of]hgfn] jg If]qsf] e"pkof]u :yfoL ?kdf
kl/jt{g x'g] u/L ;Demf}tf u/]df Ps jif{leq ;f] a/fa/sf] ;§f hUuf pknAw u/fPkl5 dfq /fli6«o
jg k|of]u ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf 5 . dGqfnon] jg If]qsf] hUuf cGo k|of]hgsf nflu lbPsf] ;DaGwdf
u/]sf] cg'udg k|ltj]bg, @)&% cg';f/ 164 hnljB't cfof]hgf, 22 l;d]G6 pBf]u, 19 kof{ko{6g
pBf]unfO{ qmdzM # xhf/ @@#, 398.85 / 214.74 x]S6/ hUuf pknAw u/fPsf]df pQm cfof]hgf /
pBf]un] ;§f hUuf pknJw u/fPsf]] b]lvPg . jg If]qsf] lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu ;§f hUuf k|fKt u/L
j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkgsf] dfWod4f/f jg If]qsf] ;+/If0f ul/g'kb{5 .
50. k'g/f]Tkfbg — j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw, @)&! df pNn]lvt jgsf] k'g/f]Tkfbg ;'lglZrttfsf
nflu k|lt x]S6/ !% b]lv @% dfp ?v /fVg] k|fjwfg 5 . jgdf aLpsf] cefj x'g glbg / k'g/f]Tkfbg
;'lglZrt ug{ pSt Joj:Yff u/]sf]] b]lvG5 . ?v s6fg u/]sf] :yfgdf dfp ?vsf] ;+/If0f u/L
k'g/f]Tkfbg eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf lg/LIf0f tyf cg';Gwfg u/]s]f b]lvPg . ;nf{xLsf] k'mnhf]/ afaf
;fem]bf/L jgdf ?v s6fg ubf{ dfp ?vsf] kof{KttfnfO{ Wofg glbO{ s6fg u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg sfo{qmd nfu" ePsf] jgsf] s6fg If]qdf k'g/f]Tkfbg ;'lglZrttfsf nflu
dfp?v ;+/If0f / k'g/f]Tkfbg eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L ;dod} pko'Qm Joj:yf
ug{'kb{5 .
51. jfo'sf] u'0f:t/ — xl/t u[xUoFf; pTkfbg ug]{ @)^ /fi6«df g]kfn !#& cfF} :yfgdf /x]sf] 5 . klxnf],
bf];|f] / t];|f] :yfgdf /x]sf rLg, cd]l/sf / ef/tn]] qmdzM @*, !% / ^ k|ltzt xl/t u[xUoFf;
pTkfbg u/]sf]df $$=&$ k|ltzt jg If]q ePsf] g]kfnn] )=)@& k|ltzt pTkfbg u/]sf]] 5 . xfn}sf]
Ps cWoogn] g]kfnsf k|d'v ;x/x?df jfo'sf] k|b"if0f kf6L{s'n/ Dof6/ -kL=Pd=_ !) sf] dfqf
clwstd !@) dfO{qmf] k/ So'ljs ld6/ x'g'kg]{df !(^ b]lv @ xhf/ !)$ dfOqmf] k/ So'ljs ld6/
b]lvPsf]n] k|f0fL hut\sf] :jf:Yodf c;/ kg]{ cj:yf 5 . j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkgdfkm{t\ jfo'sf] k|b"if0f
Go"g ug]{tkm{ Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
52. sfa{g ;l~rlt — xl/t u[xUoFf;sf] d'Vo tTj sfa{gsf] c;/ sd ug{ pTkflbt sfa{gnfO{ ;l~rt ug]{
h+unsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . sfa{g Jofkf/sf] lgodg / Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;g\ @))* b]lv /]8
-l/8\o'l;ª Old;g k|md l8km/]i6];g P08 km/]i6 l8u|]8];g_ sfo{qmd z'? ePsf]df dGqfnon] @)&% df
g]kfn /fli6«o /]8Kn; /0fgLlt -@)&%–@)&(_ sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] b]lvof] . pQm /0fgLltdf @)&(
;Dd sfa{g Jofkf/sf] nflu tof/L cjlw tf]s]sf]df nfef+z ljt/0fsf] dfgb08nufotsf sfo{x? afFsL
g} /x]sf] b]lvPsf]n] sfof{Gjog kIf r':t x'g ;s]sf] b]lvPg . ;g\ @)!% b]lv xfn;Dd ljZj a}Ísf]
;|f]taf6 ?=* s/f]8 $ nfv $$ xhf/ / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;|f]taf6 ?=@ s/f]8 $! nfv $% xhf/
;d]t ?=!) s/f]8 $% nfv %( xhf/ vr{ u/]s]f 5 . xl/t u[xUoFf; pTkfbg ug]{ d'n'sn] ;f] UofF;
pkof]u ug]{ Ifdtf a/fa/sf] h+un sfod gu/L cGo d'n'ssf] h+unaf6 kmfObf lnPsf] cj:yfdf
g]kfnn]] $$=&$ k|ltzt jg If]qdf sf7 pTkfbg
cfflzs'8f tYof+s
cg';f/ sf7sf] d'No ?=
kmlg{r/
;l~rt sfa{gsf] Jofkf/dfkm{t kof{Kt cfly{ s jif{
-3g=lkm=_ cfoft kl/df0f -xhf/df_
cfoft-
xhf/df_
-3g=lkm=_
nfe lng ;s]sf] 5}g . j}1flgs jg @)&@.&#
793384.97 901163 1012762 622882
Joj:yfkgaf6 jgsf] sfa{g ;l~rltdf @)&#.&$ 1288367.49 3373409 1408332 950596
a9f]Q/L eO{ sfa{g Jofkf/dfkm{t k'FhL j[l4 @)&$.&% 1381608 1389545 2236004 1690354
x'g] x+F'bf /]8 /0fgLltnfO{ sfof{Gjogdf hDdf 3463360.46 5664117 4657098 3263832
Nofpg cfjZos sfg'g lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ /
cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfo;Fu Gofof]lrt ;lGw ;Demf}tf u/L sfa{g Jofkf/af6 cfo cfh{g ug'{kb{5 .
53. sf7 / kmlg{r/ cfoft — jg tyf e";+/If0f ljefuaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ ljut # jif{df #$ nfv
^# xhf/ 3glkm6 dfq sf7 pTkfbg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . eG;f/sf] cfl;s'8f tYofÍcg';f/ ljut # jif{df
ljleGg b]zaf6 uf]lnof, lr/fg sf7 %^ nfv ^$ xhf/ !!& 3glkm6 / kmlg{r/;d]t cfoft u/]sf]
b]lvG5 . cfoftLt sf7sf] d"No ?=$ ca{ ^% s/f]8 &) nfv (* xhf/ / kmlg{r/sf] d"No ?=# ca{ @^
s/f]8 #* nfv #@ xhf/;d]t ?=& ca{ (@ s/f]8 ( nfv #) xhf/ a/fa/ ljb]zL d'b|f e'QmfgL u/]sf]
cj:yf /x]sf]n] Jofkf/ ;Gt'ngdf ;d]t c;/ k/]sf]] b]lvG5 . j}1flgs jg Joj:Yffkgsf] k|efjsf/L
sfof{Gjog u/L sf7sf] cfGtl/s dfucg';f/ cfk"lt{ ug]{ sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{
b]lvG5 .
lgisif{ — sfo{of]hgfcg';f/ /fh:j cfh{g / /f]huf/L j[l4 gePsf], d'gfkmf sdfpg] cfof]hgfnfO{ jg If]q
k|of]u ug{ lbPafkt sfg'gadf]lhd ;§f hUuf k|fKt gu/]sf], sfa{g Jofkf/dfk{mt cfo cfh{g ug{ g;s]sf] Pj+
caf}{+sf] sf7 cfoft ug'{k/]sf] l:yltn] j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog ePsf]
b]lvPg . j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog cGtu{t ul/g] s6fg, 5kfg sfo{n] jgh+undf x'g]
cglws[t km8fgL tyf jg 89]nf]df sdL cfO{ jgsf] ;+/If0f x'g] x'bF f j}1flgs jg;DaGwL hgr]tgf clej[l4
u/L jgaf6 clwstd k|ltkmn k|fKt ug{sf nflu lbuf] jg Joj:yfkg sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 . j}1flgs
jg Joj:Yffkg ubf{ k'/fgf ?vx?sf] s6fg tyf gof+ la?jfsf] ;+/If0faf6 sfj{g ;l~rlt a9\g], sf7 cfoftdf
sdL x'g uO{ Jofkf/ ;Gt'ngdf ;sf/fTds k|efjkg]{ tyf g]kfnsf] dxTjk"0f{ k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] ?kdf /x]sf]
æxl/of] jg g]kfnsf] wgÆ sf] pkof]uaf6 /fli6«o cfo tyf /f]huf/L;d]t j[l4 x'g] x'Fbf j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg
sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
;+ul7t ;+:yf tyf ;ldlt
/fi6«klt r'/] t/fO{ dw]z ;+/If0f ljsf; ;ldlt
r'/] If]qsf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgsf] ;+/If0f, k|j4{g / pkof]unfO{ Jojl:yt u/L r'/] ljgfzsf] jt{dfg
cj:yfdf ;'wf/ ug]{ / r'/] ljgfzaf6 l;lh{t ePsf jf x'g ;Sg] ;Defljt gsf/fTds c;/nfO{ ;d]t
Go"gLs/0f ug]{ p2]Zon] ljsf; ;ldlt P]g, @)!# cg';f/ /fi6«klt r'/] t/fO{ dw]z ;+/If0f ljsf; ;ldlt @)&!
cfiff9 @ ut] u7g ePsf] xf] .
54. cfwf/ tYofÍ – g]kfn ;/sf/sf] @)&$.@.$ sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ r'/] t/fO{ dw]z ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkg
u'?of]hgf @)&$ :jLs[lt ePsf] 5 . u'?of]hgfsf] cg';"rL !% df pNn]v ePsf] cfo:t/ j[l4df
k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkgsf] of]ubfg, h}ljs ljljwtfsf] cj:yf, jiff{t\df gbLsf]
wldnf]kgf, gbLau/ km}nfj6, ufx{:Yo pmhf{ pkof]udf gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] cg'kft, /fli6«o jg If]q,
afXo If]q t/fO{ dw]zdf ?v afF;n] 9fs]sf] If]qsf] cg'kft, aw'jf kz'kfngdf ;+nUg s[ifsnufot
ljj/0fsf] clen]v a];nfOg -cfwf/_ tof/ u/]sf] 5}g . cfwf/ tYofÍ tof/ u/L pknlAwsf] dfkg
ug'{kb{5 .
55. sfo{ If]q aflx/sf] vr{ – a}slNks phf{ k|aå{g sfo{qmdcGt{ut hgsk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+=
!( y'dgfx 6f]ndf ;f]nf/ aQL h8fg ug{ %% yfg ;f]nf/ Kofgn, Aof6«Lnufot ;fdfg vl/b u/L
h8fg ug]{ sfo{sf] nflu j}slNks pmhf{ k|jå{g s]Gb|, hgsk'/;Fu ;Demf}tf u/L hg;xeflutfaf6 ?=&
nfv *% xhf/ / sfof{noaf6 ?= %# nfv #& xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . pQm aQL h8fg ePsf] :yfg
v'Ng] ljj/0f k]; gePsf], r'/]sf] /sdaf6 pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf aQL h8fg u/]sf] pko'Qm gb]lvPsf]n]
p2]Zoljk/Ltsf] sfo{ u/fO{ vr{ n]Vg] kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfOg'kb{5 .
56. sfo{If]q / ;+u7g ;+/rgf – /fi6«klt r'/] t/fO{ ;+/If0f ljsf; ;ldlt u7g cfb]z, @)&! sf] bkmf %
df ;ldltsf] sfo{ If]q r'/] If]qsf] ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkgsf nflu gLlt tyf /0fgLlt th'{df ug]{, t6Lo
If]qaLrsf] ;DaGw :yflkt x'g] u/L Joj:yfkg sfo{ of]hgf agfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{, hf]lvdo'Qm /
;+j]bgzLn If]qsf] klxrfg u/L ;+/If0f of]hgf agfO{ sfo{ ug]{, k|fljlws / ljQLo ;xfotf h'6fpg]
nufotsf] sfo{x? kb{5g\ . jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno / ;ldltsf] sfo{ If]q Ps} k|sf/sf] /x]sf]
b]lvG5 . ;ldltdf kof{Kt sd{rf/L / ;+u7g ;+/rgf g/x]sf]n] ;ldltsf] sfddf k|efljt x'g] b]lvPsf]
5 . p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgfsf] k'g/fjnf]sg x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 .

57. clen]v – ;ldlt u7g ePb]lv @)&$.&% ;Dd $ jif{df s]Gb| / dftxt lgsfodfkm{t ?=^ ca{ !$
s/f]8 vr{ eP tfklg To;af6 ePsf] pknlAwsf] PsLs[t clen]v /fvL d"NofÍg u/]sf] b]lvPg .
/fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]if
/fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]if P]g, @)#( adf]lhd jGohGt' tyf k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f ;+j4{g /
Joj:yfkg ug]{, lgs'~h cf/Ifsf] ljsf;sf] lgldQ cfjZos Joj:yf ug]{ p2]Zon] sf]ifsf] :yfkgf ePsf]
b]lvG5 . sf]if / sf]ifcGt{utsf * lgsfoaf6 rfn' jif{ ?=! ca{ $* s/f]8 $% nfv cfDbfgL eO{ ?=! ca{ !@
s/f]8 %% nfv vr{ ePsf] 5 .
58. cfo bflvnf – /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g, @)@( tyf cfly{s P]gadf]lhd k|fKt /fh:j
;+lrt sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifcGt{utsf lgsfon] ?=$# s/f]8
%@ nfv *) xhf/ k|j]z z'Ns h:tf cfo k|fKt u/]sf]df sf]if vftfdf bflvnf u/L ;~rfns
;ldltaf6 afF8kmfF8 u/L vr{ u/]sf] 5 . ;+/If0f If]q;DaGwL lgodfjnLadf]lhd k|fKt /sd
;l~rtsf]ifdf hDdf u/L ljlgof]hg P]gdfkm{t /sd k|fKt u/L vr{ ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
59. cf}iflw Joj:yfkg – sf]ifsf] sd{rf/L k|zf;g / cfly{s k|zf;g;DaGwL ljlgod, @)%# sf] ljlgod
!!( df lhG;L dfn;fdfg tyf tT;DaGwL ;]|:tf pknlAw ;~ro clws[t jf :6f]/lsk/sf] lhDdfdf
/xg] / sf]ifsf] ;DklQ lxgfldgf gx'g] u/L ;+/If0f ug]{ sfo{ ;b:o ;lrjsf] x'g] pNn]v 5 . sf]ifn]
jGohGt' lgoGq0f Joj:yfkg ug{ rfn' jif{ !) xhf/ $#& yfg cf}iflw tyf pks/0f ?=! s/f]8 $(
nfv &% xhf/df vl/b u/L ;b/ lrl8ofvfgfdfkm{t lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~hnfO{ %^^ yfg / alb{of
/fli6«o lgs'~hnfO{ ! xhf/ @*) yfg;d]t s'n ! xhf/ *$^ yfg ljt/0f u/L * xhf/ %() yfg
df}Hbftdf /fv]sf] b]lvG5 . cf}iflw vl/b ubf{ nfut cg'dfg tof/ gu/]sf], af]nkq dfWodaf6 vl/b
gu/]sf], u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f gu/]sf], *# k|ltzt df}Hbft /x]sf]n] cfjZostf klxrfg gu/L vl/b u/]sf]
kfOof] . cfjZostf klxrfg u/L ;DalGwt jif{ g} vkt x'g] u/L vl/b Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
60. lrl8ofvfgf Joj:yfkg – dlGqkl/ifb\sf] @)%@.(.!# sf] lg0f{odf nlntk'/l:yt ;b/lrl8ofvfgf
Joj:yfkg tyf ;~rfngsf] lhDd]jf/L #) jif{;Dd sf]ifsf] x'g] / k'gM #) jif{sf] nflu gjLs/0f ug{
;lsg] pNn]v 5 . /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]if / jg tyf e" ;+/If0f dGqfnoaLr @)%@.(.!^ df
;Def}tf eO{ @# jif{ JotLt e};s]sf] 5 . sf]ifn] lrl8ofvfgf ;~rfng ;DaGwdf sfo{ljlw, lgodfjnL,
u'?of]hgf agfPsf] 5}g . lrl8ofvfgf ljsf; sf]if;d]t :yfkgf ePsf] kfOPg . ;Demf}tfsf ;t{
adf]lhd lrl8ofvfgf Joj:yfkg x'g'kb{5 .
61. a9L e'QmfgL – sf]ifsf] cfly{s k|zf;g;DaGwL ljlgod, @)%# sf] lalgod #&-@_ df sf]ifsf
sd{rf/Lsf] tna eQf tyf cGo ;'ljwf ;DaGwdf ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/]adf]lhd x'g] Joj:yf 5 . pQm
;ldltn] sd{rf/Lsf] z'? tna :s]nsf] krf; k|ltzt eQf lbg] u/L Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . sf]if
cGtu{tsf # sfof{non] sd{rf/LnfO{ eQf lb+bf ;'? tnj :s]nsf] cfwf/df lbg'kg{]df u|]8 ;d]t
;dfj]z u/L e'QmfgL lbPsf]n] ?=#( nfv @( xhf/ a9L e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . a9L e'QmfgL lbPsf] /sd
c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
62. d"No clej[l4 s/ — d"No clej[l4 s/ P]g, 2052 sf] cg';"rL—1 -u_ cg';f/ /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] k|j]z
z'Nsdf d"No clej[l4 s/ nfUg] Joj:yf 5 . ;f]adf]lhd cGgk"0f{ ;+/If0f If]q / dgf;n' ;+/If0f If]q
of]hgf sfof{non] @)&$ >fj0fb]lv @)&$ kf}if !% ;Dd k|fKt z'Nsdf d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=! s/f]8
*) nfv %$ xhf/ c;'n u/]sf] 5}g . P]gsf] Joj:yf sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .

cg'udg tyf a]?h"
• cg'udg – ljutsf k|ltj]bgdf j[Iff/f]k0f ;+/If0fsf] nflu cfjZos Joj:yf gu/]sf], ;fd'bflos jg ljsf;
/ ;+/If0f sfo{df ePsf] vr{sf] lhNnfut Pj+ s]Gb|Lo clen]v g/fv]sf], x:tfGtl/t ;fd'bflos jgsf]
lgoldt cg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg k|fKt gu/]sf], k|fljlws ;xfotfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fPsf], jg:klt P]g /
lgodfjnL th'{df gu/]sf] nufotsf Joxf]/f ;dfj]z ePsf]df of] jif{ klg ;'wf/ ePsf] kfOPg . To:t} r'/]
If]qnfO{ ;+/If0f u/L cltqmd0f x6fpg'kg]{, h}ljs ljljwtf sfod ug{'kg]{, vlgh kbfy{ pTvgg\ ug{ gkfpg]
/ of]hgfa4 ?kdf r'/] ;+/If0f sfo{nfO{ ;kmn u/fpg pRr k|efjsf/L k|fyldstfsf ;fy yk cg'udg
d"NofÍg ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . ljutsf Joxf]/f k'g/fj[lQ gx'g] u/L sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug'{kb{5 .
• a]?h" l:ylt – of] jif{ dGqfno / dftxt;d]tsf lgsfosf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] a]?h"sf] l:ylt b]xfo
cg';f/ 5M
➢ ;/sf/L sfof{notkm{ !(^ lgsfodf ?=&! s/f]8 &( nfv %@ xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes
k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fPkl5 ?=$ s/f]8 &$ nfv %* xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=^& s/f]8 $ nfv ($
xhf/ afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=$ s/f]8 !^ nfv ^ xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f
cg';"rL !% df 5 .
➢ ;ful7t ;+:yf, cGo ;+:yf / ;ldlt ( tkm{ ?=@) s/f]8 $) nfv @( xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df
k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fPkl5 ?=^ s/f]8 @% nfv %* xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=!$ s/f]8 !$
nfv &! xhf/ afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=!! nfv ^& xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f
cg';"rL !^ df 5 .

zx/L ljsf; dGqfno
dGqfnosf] sfo{If]qdf zx/L ljsf; / zx/L k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; ;DaGwL gLlt, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf]
th'{df, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg, ;/sf/L ejgsf] lgdf{0f, dd{t ;Def/, /]vb]v, ljlzi6 kbflwsf/Lx?sf] cfjf;
Joj:yfkgnufotsf sfo{x? /x]sf 5g\ . dGqfno;d]t %* lgsfoaf6 ;]jf k|jfx x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
dGqfno / dftxt lgsfosf] of] jif{ ljlgof]hg ?=@& ca{ ** s/f]8 ! nfv /fh:j, ?=&@ s/f]8 @)
nfv, w/f}6L ?=! ca{ &^ s/f]8 ($ nfv / cGo sf/f]af/ ?=!* s/f]8 &% nfv;d]t ?=#) ca{ %% s/f]8 ()
nfvsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . dGqfno dftxtsf ;+ul7t ;+:yf, cGo ;+:yf / ;ldlt;d]t #* lgsfosf]
?=@% ca{ #) s/f]8 !# nfvsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo
1. cfjlws of]hgf – rf}wf}F of]hgf @)&#.&$–@)&%.&^ df hgtf cfjf;cGtu{t @) xhf/ 3/, # s]Gb|Lo
k|zf;lgs Knfhf, @! PsLs[t ;/sf/L sfof{no ejg, & PsLs[t zx/L s]Gb|, &) PsLs[t a:tL
ljsf;, Ps zx/ Ps klxrfgcGtu{t &# PsLs[t zx/L ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng, !# zx/nfO{ :df6{
l;6Lsf ?kdf ljsf;, #% :yfgdf a;kfs{ lgdf{0f ug]{ nufotsf nIo /x]sf 5g\ .
o; jif{;Dd hgtf cfjf;cGtu{t & xhf/ !#$ 3/ lgdf{0f ePsf], s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf] nflu
k|zf;lgs Knfhfsf] l8hfOg tyf nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug]{ sfo{ eO/x]sf], Ps :yfgdf zx/L s]Gb| lgdf{0f
eO/x]sf], PsLs[t a:tL / 3gf a:tL ljsf; sfo{x? rfn' /x]sf], PsLs[t zx/L ljsf;sf ^ sfo{qmd
;DkGg eO{ !@ sf] lj:t[t cWoog k|ltj]bgsf] d:of}bf tof/ ePsf], !# :df6{ l;6Lsf] u'?of]hgfsf]
k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg tof/ ePsf], !@ :yfgdf a;kfs{ lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ eO/x]sf] k|ult k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5 .
Ho]i7 gful/s cfjf; !$ / ;fd'bflos cfjf; !$ lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{ z'? g} ePsf] 5}g .
cfjlws of]hgfsf] @ jif{ JotLt e};Sbf ;d]t s]xL cfof]hgfx? ;DefJotf cWoogsf] r/0fdf /x]sf /
s]xL lgdf{0f r/0fdf /x]sf] b]lvPsf]n] of]hgf cjlwleq nlIft sfo{qmd ;DkGg ug{ r'gf}tLk"0f{ b]lvPsf]
5 . nlIft sfo{qmd ;dodf g} ;DkGg ug'{kb{5 .
2. gLlt, sfo{qmd / ah]6 sfof{Gjog – cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% sf] ah]6 jStJodf #& gu/kflnsfsf] cfjlws
of]hgf tof/ ug]{, ef}lts ljsf; sfo{qmd tyf zx/L sf]l/8f]/sf] k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ug]{, lhNnf ;b/d'sfd tyf
gjul7t gu/kflnsfdf %* PsLs[t a:tL, & 3gf a:tL / !% :yfgdf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ug]{, pkTosf leq
:of6]nfO6 zx/ ljsf; ug]{, ;ft} k|b]zdf Ps Ps d]ufl;6L / lxdfnL If]qdf Jojl:yt zx/ ljsf; ug]{,
dWokxf8L nf]sdfu{ / x'nfsL /fhdfu{sf !) 7fpFdf gofF zx/ :yfkgf ug]{, Ko'7fgsf] le+u|L gofF zx/df
lrN8«]g kfs{ lgdf{0f ug]{, t/fO{ dw]; / x'nfsL /fhdfu{sf !% a:tLnfO{ gofF zx/sf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{,
lxdfnL If]qdf !^ ;DefJo a:tL ljsf; ug]{, hgtf cfjf; sfo{qmdcGtu{t @@ xhf/ qmdfut / @% xhf/
yk u/L $& xhf/ kl/jf/sf nflu cfjf; lgdf{0f ug]{nufotsf sfo{qmd pNn]v 5 .
plNnlvt sfo{qmddWo] @! gu/kflnsfdf ;8s gfnf, a;kfs{, xf6ahf/, kfs{ lgdf{0fsf] @)
k|ltzt sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf], !* gu/kflnsfsf] PsLs[t u'? of]hgf tof/ ug]{ sfo{ ;Demf}tf r/0fdf
/x]sf], & 3gf a:tL ljsf; ug{ k/fdz{bftfaf6 clGtd k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePsf], sf7df8f}F pkTosfleq
Ps nfv /f]kgL] If]qkmndf :of6]nfO6 zx/ :yfkgf ug{ k|f/lDes cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/ ePsf],
nlntk'/ / eQmk'/df !)÷!) xhf/ /f]kgL If]qkmndf :of6]nfO6 zx/ :yfkgfsf] nflu lj:t[t
cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/ ug{ :ynut k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePsf], !) gofF zx/sf] k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f sfo{ rfn'
/x]sf], le+u|L gofF zx/df lrN8]«gkfs{ lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ePsf], t/fO{ dw]; / x'nfsL /fhdfu{sf
a:tLnfO{ gofF zx/df ljsf; ug]{ sfo{sf] k|f/lDes cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePsf], lxdfnL lhNnfsf
% a:tLnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ 5gf}6sf] sfo{ ePsf], hgtf cfjf; sfo{qmd cGtu{t & xhf/ !#$ 3/
lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf], # xhf/ !!# cfjf; lgdf{0f r/0fdf /x]sf] k|ult k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5 . :jLs[t
sfo{qmdx? tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ;DkGg ug'{kb{5 .

zx/L ljsf; dGqfno
3. ;jf/L;fwfg – dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fdf ljleGg cfof]hgfaf6 $ lhk / !) df]6/;fOsn
dGqfnodf lemsfO{ ljleGg kbflwsf/Ln] k|of]u ul//x]sf] pNn]v 5 . To;}u/L If]qLo zx/L ljsf;
cfof]hgfsf] nflu vl/b ul/Psf] ?= @ s/f]8 ^$ nfvsf @ ;jf/L;fwg dGqfno / ljefudf k7fPsf]
5 . Ps k|of]hgsf nflu vl/b u/]sf ;jf/L;fwg cGo k|of]hgdf k|of]u u/]sf] plrt b]lvPg .
cfof]hgfn] cfjZostf klxrfg u/L vl/b sfo{ ug'{kb{5 .
of] jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 d'VotM gLlt
4. ?U0f cfof]hgf – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf sfo{qmd / ah]6 cf+lzs ?kdf sfof{Gjog
%( df ;fj{hlgs lgsfo;Fu vl/b ;Demf}tf ug]{n] ePsf], lgdf{0f sfo{ ;dodf ;DkGg
;Demf}tfadf]lhd sfd gu/L aLr}df 5f]8]df jf gePsf], u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfaf6 lgdf{0f sfo{
;Demf}tfadf]lhd sfdsf] k|ult gu/]df lgh;Fusf] u/fPsf], ;f]e}m vl/b sfo{ u/]sf], k/fdz{
;Demf}tf cGTo u/L ljleGg sf/afxL ug{ ;lsg] / bkmf ;]jf vr{af6 ;jf/L;fwg vl/b u/]sf],
^# df sfnf] ;"rLdf /fVg n]vL k7fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . k/fdz{ ;]jfdf lz/f]ef/ vr{ ;dfj]z
dGqfnosf] @)&$.%.@ sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ul7t ?U0f u/]sf], pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 tf]lsPsf]
cfof]hgfsf] 5fglag tyf ;d:of ;dfwfg ;ldltsf]
;LdfeGbf a9Lsf] sfo{ u/fPsf], hl6n
k|ltj]bgcg';f/ !## :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] ejg lgdf{0f ug{
ePsf 7]Ssf ;Demf}tfsf] sfo{ ?U0f cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 . k|s[ltsf] sfo{;d]t pkef]Qmfaf6 u/fPsf],
o;dWo] @)^%.^^ b]lv @)^(.&) ;Ddsf 7]Ssf dWo] lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ a9L e'QmfgL lbPsf]
?=%) s/f]8 $# nfvsf] #) ejgsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ :ylut nufotsf Joxf]/f b]lvPsf]n] ;'wf/
/x]sf]df P]gdf ePsf] Joj:yfadf]lhd sf/afxL u/]sf] ug'{kb{5 .
kfOPg . lgdf{0f sfo{ cw'/f] 5f8L ;Dks{ljxLg cj:yfdf
/x]sf lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ / nfdf] cjlw;Dd cg'udg gug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd
sf/afxL;d]t u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{kb{5 .
4.1 l8lehg sfof{no, eQmk'/n] rfFu'gf/fo0f k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb| ejg lgdf{0f ug{ Ps lgdf{0f
Joj;foL;Fu @)&).%.@^ ;Dd sfo{ ;DkGg ug{] u/L @)^*.%.!( df d"No clej[l4 s/afx]s ?=# s/f]8
$# nfvsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df e]l/P;gaf6 ;Demf}tf /sd ?=# s/f]8 &^ nfv sfod u/]sf] 5 .
sfo{ ;DkGg ug{] cjlw k6s k6s u/L @)&%.@.@( ;Dd yk eP tfklg lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] d"No
clej[l4 s/afx]s ?=! s/f]8 %$ nfv -$! k|ltzt_ sf] dfq sfd u/]sf] 5 . sfof{no / lgdf{0f
Joj;foLaLr vl/b ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf b]lvPsf] ljjfb ;DaGwdf dWo:ystf{af6 ?=#!
nfv yk e'QmfgL lbg] lg0f{o eP tfklg lgdf{0f sfo{ ;'rf? ePsf] b]lvPg . lgdf{0f:ynsf] cjnf]sg
ubf{ # dWo] …PÚ Anssf] sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf], …aLÚ Anssf] cf/=;L=;L= 9nfg;Ddsf] sfo{ ePsf] / …;LÚ
Anssf] lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? u/]sf] b]lvPg . lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{kg{] z'? cjlwkl5 % jif{ yk x'Fbf
;d]t lgdf{0f sfo{ cw'/f] 5f8]sf]n] ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, lgodadf]lhd lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ sf/afxL
gug{] kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
4.2 l8lehg sfof{no, wflbªcGtu{t uN5L k'n–hf]uLsf7sf] af]6–;fFwLvf]nf–8'd|]rf}/ ;8s :t/f]Gglt sfo{
@)&$.&.@) ;Dddf ;DkGg ug{ @)&#.!.@! df Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=^& nfvdf vl/b ;Demf}tf
ePsf]df ut jif{ k|yd lansf] ?=!^ nfv e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . of] jif{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] sfd gu/]sf]n]
k]:sL hdfgt ?=!# nfv hkmt u/L ;l~rtsf]if bflvnf u/]sf] 5 . ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb yk gePsf]n]
sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgtafktsf] ?=( nfv hkmt tyf ;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf cGo sf/afxL u/L sfnf]
;"rLdf /fVg n]vL k7fpg'kb{5 .
4.3 l8lehg sfof{no, bf]nvfcGtu{t h'u' :jf:Yo rf}sL ejg lgdf{0f sfo{ @)&@.!@.@^ ;Dddf ;DkGg
ug{ @)&).!!.@% df lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu d"No clej[l4 s/afx]s ?=! s/f]8 (^ nfvdf 7]Ssf
;Demf}tf ePsf] b]lvof] . ;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf] sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ @)&%.(.#) ;Dd Dofb yk ePsf]df
lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] @% k|ltztdfq sfo{ u/]sf] 5 . lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] ;Demf}tfcg'?ksf] bfloTj
;f/e"t?kdf kfngf gu/]sf] Pj+ ;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf] sfo{ gePsf]df o:tf lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ sfnf]
;"rLdf /fVg n]vL k7fpg'kb{5 .

zx/L ljsf; dGqfno
4.4 l8lehg sfof{no, OnfdcGtu{t rfFu] :jf:Yo rf}sL tfKn]h'ª ejg lgdf{0f sfo{ @)&#.!.#) df ;DkGg
ug{ lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu @)&!.&.@% df ?=@ s/f]8 #( nfvsf] ;Demf}tf ePsf] b]lvG5 . k6s k6s
u/L ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb @)&$.!@.!& ;Dd yk u/] tfklg lgdf{0f sfo{ gu/]sf]n] lghnfO{ pknAw
u/fPsf] k]:sL ?=!* nfv b'?kof]u ePsf] hgfO{ a}Í;Fu lkmtf{ dfu u/]sf]df a}Ín] e'QmfgL glbPsf]n]
k]:sL /sd hf]lvddf k/]sf] 5 . ;Demf}tfsf] cjlw yk gePsf] / lgdf{0f sfo{sf] k|ult klg gePsf]df
lghnfO{ ;Demf}tfadf]lhd sf/afxL u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{kb{5 .
5. u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfaf6 lgdf{0fsfo{ — ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf $^ df hgr]tgf;DaGwL tflnd,
cled'vLs/0f, ;anLs/0f, d"n k|jfxLs/0f h:tf sfo{ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfaf6 u/fpFbf l56f] 5l/tf], k|efjsf/L
/ ldtJooL x'g] ePdf To:tf] sfo{ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfaf6 u/fpg ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ ^ sfof{non] gfnL
lgdf{0f, ;8s :t/f]Gglt, l/6]lgª jfn / kfs{ lgdf{0fh:tf ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f sfo{ #@^ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfaf6
l;w} u/fO{ ?=! ca{ @& s/f]8 !! nfv e'QmfgL u/]sf]df tL ;+:yfx?n] s/ aLhs;d]t hf/L u/]sf 5}gg\ .
;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f sfo{ P]g ljk/Lt u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfaf6 u/fO{ vr{ n]Vg] ;DalGwt kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/
agfO{ o:tf] sfo{df lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 . P]g ljk/Lt ePsf] sfo{ 5fglag ul/g'kb{5 .
6. ;f]em} vl/b — ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #! Dff ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] aL; nfv
?k}ofFeGbf a9Lsf] dfn;fdfg, ;]jf jf s'g} lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpFbf af]nkqsf] dfWodaf6 vl/b ug'{kg]{
Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ l8lehg sfof{no lj/f6gu/, ?kGb]xL, ;'v]{t / ejg k|ljlw cg';Gwfg tyf tflnd
s]Gb| x]6f}8fn] !, #, $, %, ^ / & gDa/sf k|b]z ;/sf/sf dGqfnox?sf] nflu ?=!# s/f]8 !( nfvsf
d]l;g/L cf}hf/, kmlg{r/nufotsf ;fdu|L ;f]e}m vl/b u/]sf 5g\ . o:t} !@ sfof{non] ejg dd{t
;Def/, /u+/f]ug / ;8s lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{ &@@ 6'qmf kf/L ;f]em} vl/b u/L ?=#( s/f]8 $( nfv
e'QmfgL u/]sf 5g\ . Pp6} kmd{af6 k6s k6s ;f]e}m vl/b ug]{ sfo{ lgod;Ddt b]lvPg . vl/b
sfo{df k|rlnt lgodsf] kfngf ug'{kb{5 .
zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu
ef}lts ;'ljwfsf] Joj:yf u/L lbuf]?kn] zx/sf] ljsf; ug]{, Jojl:yt a;f]af;sf] k|aGw ub}{ ;'/lIft /
lskmfotL cfjf; pknAw u/fpg], ;/sf/L lgsfox?sf] ejg lgdf{0f, ;'wf/ / k'gM lgdf{0f ug]{ p2]Zon]
ljefusf] :yfkgf ePsf] 5 .
7. k/fdz{ ;]jf – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @( df ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] cfˆg} hgzlQmaf6 x'g]
sfdsf nflu k/fdz{ ;]jf lng gldNg]df ;DefJotf cWoog, l8hfOg, u'?of]hgf tof/ ug]{ sfo{sf]
nflu ljefudf %( k|fljlws sd{rf/Lsf] b/aGbL /x] tfklg pQm sfo{sf nflu ** k/fdz{bftf lgo'Qm
u/L ?=@) s/f]8 (# nfv vr{ n]v]sf] 5 . ljefuLo hgzlQmsf] pkof]u gu/L k/fdz{bftfaf6 sfo{
u/fPsf] dgfl;a b]lvFb}g . o;df lgoGq0f tyf ;'wf/ x'g'kb{5 .
8. slG6Gh]G;L vr{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgofdfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !)-&_ df lgdf{0fsfo{sf] nfut
cg'dfgdf % k|ltzt slG6h]G;L vr{ ;dfj]z ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ #@ l8lehg sfof{non]
slG6Gh]G;Laf6 OGwg, ;"rgf k|sfzg, b}lgs tyf ed|0f eQf, dd{t, Hofnfh:tf sfo{df ?=@% s/f]8
%! nfv vr{ u/]sf 5g\ . lgoldt ah]6af6 o:tf vr{ ljlgof]hg u/L slG6Gh]G;Laf6 vr{ ug]{
kl/kf6L aGb ug'{kb{5 .
9. ;jf/L;fwg cfk"lt{ – cy{ dGqfnosf] @)&$.&% sf] ah]6 sfof{Gjog;DaGwL dfu{bz{gsf] a'Fbf !! df
cfof]hgf tyf k/fdz{;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfgdf ;jf/L;fwg cfk"lt{ ug]{ sfo{ ;dfj]z ug{ gkfOg]
pNn]v 5 . If]qLo zx/L ljsf; cfof]hgf / pkTosf ljsf; k|flws/0fcGtu{t % k/fdz{bftf;Fusf]
;Demf}tfsf] k|f]lehgn ;ddf !@ lhk, * df]6/;fOsn / cGo d]l;g/L pks/0f ;dfj]z u/L
k|lt:kwf{a]u/ ?=^ s/f]8 $) nfvsf] cfk"lt{ u/]sf] 5 . cfk"lt{ ePsf dfn;fdfg sfof{nodf cfDbfgL
afFw]sf] 5}g . cy{ dGqfnosf] dfu{bz{g tyf ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodsf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L cfk"lt{ sfo{
ug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .

zx/L ljsf; dGqfno
10. lz/f]ef/ vr{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@ tyf cg';"rL !s= df ;fj{hlgs
lgsfon] k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfg ubf{ lz/f]ef/afktsf] /sd ;dfj]z ug]{ Joj:yf 5}g . zx/L
zf;sLo Ifdtf tyf k"jf{wf/ ;'wf/ cfof]hgfn] tf]lsPsf !@ gu/kflnsfdf k"jf{wf/x?sf] ;DefJotf
cWoog u/L k|fyldstfdf k/]sf gu/kflnsfsf] lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{ sfo{sf nflu $
k/fdz{bftf;Fu ?=!* s/f]8 !( nfvdf ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfgdf !%
k|ltzt z'Ns / aLdfafktsf] ?=@ s/f]8 #% nfv;d]t ;dfj]z u/L ?=@! s/f]8 @) nfvsf] nfut
cg'dfg @)&#.@.!! df :jLs[t u/]sf]df z'Ns / aLdfafktsf] /sd nfut cg'dfgdf ;dfj]z ug{
gldNg] sf/0f hgfO{ s'n nfut cg'dfgdf km/s gkg]{ u/L ;a} cfO6ddf pQm /sd ;dfof]hg u/L
;+zf]lwt nfut cg'dfg @)&#.%.@( df :jLs[t u/]sf] 5 . z'Ns / aLdf;d]tsf] /sd nfut cg'dfgdf
;dfof]hg u/L a9L Jooef/ kg]{ u/L nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug{] kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
11. pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 lgdf{0f sfo{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod (& df Ps s/f]8
?k}+ofF;Ddsf] nfut cg'dfg ePsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfoaf6 u/fpg
;lsg] / ;f] nfut cg'dfgdf d"No clej[l4 s/, cf]e/x]8, slG6Gh]G;L / hg;xeflutfsf] c+z;d]t
;dfj]z x'g] pNn]v 5 . l8lehg sfof{no, Onfdn] ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{df d"No clej[l4 s/, cf]e/x]8,
slG6Gh]G;L afx]ssf] Ps s/f]8 ?k}+ofF;Ddsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/L !! ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{
pkef]Qmf ;ldlt;Fu ?=!! s/f]8sf]] ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . lgodadf]lhd nfut cg'dfgdf ;a} /sd
;dfj]z ubf{ tL k|To]s sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfg Ps s/f]8 ?k}ofFeGbf a9Lsf] x'g] ePsf]n] pkef]Qmf
;ldltdfkm{t sfo{ u/fpg ldNg] b]lvPg . af]nkqsf] dfWodaf6 u/fpg'kg]{ sfo{ cfly{s jif{sf] cGTodf
pkef]Qmf ;ldlt;Fu ;Demf}tf u/L ?=# s/f]8 !% nfv k]:sL km5\of}{6;d]t gu/L ?=$ s/f]8 @* nfv
e'QmfgL lbPsf] lgod;Ddt b]lvPg . o;df ;DalGwt kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
gofF zx/ of]hgf sfof{no, afUn'ªn] a'lt{afª zx/df 9n lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ @)&$ r}qdf
:jLs[t u/]sf] lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bgdf ?=!$ s/f]8 nfUg] pNn]v 5 . pQm sfo{ af]nkqsf]
dfWodaf6 gu/L of] jif{ ptm of]hgf 6'qmf kf/L Ps s/f]8 ?k}+ofFleqsf ?=$ s/f]8 %# nfvsf] ^
Kofs]h agfO{ pkef]tmf ;ldltdfkm{t lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fPsf] 5 . o;/L lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg
cg';f/sf] nfut cg'dfgnfO{ 6'qmf 6'qmf agfO{ pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 u/fPsf] sfo{ lgod;Ddt
gePsf]n] ;DalGwtnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
12. Dofb yk – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@) df vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb yksf] nflu
sfa' aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt x'g'kg]{, ;dodf sfo{;DkGg ug]{ k|of; u/]sf] x'g'kg]{, Dofb ;dfKt x'g'eGbf
;ft lbg klxn] lgj]bg lbg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . l8lehg sfof{no cf]vN9'Ëf, eQmk'/, bf]nvf, wg'iff, Onfd,
sf7df8f}F, wgs'6f / afUn'ªn] ?= #% s/f]8 ^) nfvsf !! vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb $ jif{b]lv *
jif{;Dd yk u/]sf]df Dofb yk ug'{kgf{sf] sf/0f k'li6 x'g] k|df0f a]u/ Dofb yk u/]sf], k6s k6s
Dofb yk u/]sf], k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ lng'kg]{ cj:yfdf ;d]t glng] u/L Dofb yk u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf sfo{ ;DkGg gug]{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ ;Demf}tfadf]lhd sf/afxL gu/L :ki6
cfwf/ a]u/ k6s k6s Dofb yk ug{] kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
13. a9L e'QmfgL – l8lehg sfof{no, lj/f6gu/n] ;8s gfnf tyf a;kfs{ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu ?=&(
s/f]8 (! nfvsf] nfut cg'dfg u/L lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu !(=!@ k|ltzt 36L ?=^$ s/f]8 ^# nfvdf
vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . pQm sfo{sf] e]l/P;g eO{ ?=&( s/f]8 *@ nfv nfut cg'dfg sfod
ePsf]df ;f]xL cg'kftdf ;Demf}tf /sd ?=^$ s/f]8 %^ nfv sfod x'g'kg]{df ?=^^ s/f]8 !% nfv
e'QmfgL eO{ ;s]sf]n] a9L e'QmfgL ePsf] ?=! s/f]8 %( nfv c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
14. bf]xf]/f] e'QmfgL – vl/b ;Demf}tfcg';f/ jf:tljs sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] cfwf/df lan e'QmfgL ug'{kb{5 .
l8lehg sfof{no, Onfd / lj/f6gu/n] tLg lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ d"No clej[l4 s/ bf]xf]/f] e'QmfgL
lbPsf] / e'QmfgL eO;s]sf] lan Pj+ d"No ;dfof]hg k'gM e'QmfgL lbPsf] ;d]t ?=@@ nfv bf]xf]/f]
e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . pQm /sd c;'n ug{'kb{5 .

zx/L ljsf; dGqfno
15. k]:sL bflvnf – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !!# -^_ df lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] vl/b
;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf sfo{ ;Demf}tf cjlwdf gu/]sf] sf/0f k]:sL km5\of}{6 x'g g;s]df a}Í hdfgt
/sd ;DalGwt a}Íaf6 k|fKt u/L k]:sL km5\of}{6 ug'{kg]{ / !) k|ltzt Aofh;d]t c;'n ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf
5 . l8lehg sfof{no, wgs'6fcGtu{t ^ lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] k]:sL lnPsf] nfdf] ;do;Dd sfo{ ;DkGg
gu/]sf]n] a}Í hdfgt hkmt u/L ?=(# nfv k]:sL km5\of}{6 u/]sf]df ;f]sf] Aofh ?=%^ nfv;d]t c;'n
ug'{kb{5 .
l9nfOsf] sf/0fn] vl/b ;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf] sfd ;f] ;Demf}tfdf tf]lsPsf] Dofbdf ;DkGg x'g g;s]df
lghn] ;fj{hlgs lgsfonfO{ ;Demf}tf /sdsf] !) k|ltztdf ga9\g] u/L ;fwf/0ftof k|ltlbg ;Demf}tf
/sdsf] )=)% k|ltzt k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ lbg'kg{] Joj:yf 5 . !% l8lehg sfof{non] @% lgdf{0f
sfo{df ?=# s/f]8 %% nfv k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ lng] u/L Dofb yk u/] tfklg pQm /sd c;'n u/]sf
5}gg\ . sfg'gadf]lhd lg0f{o eO;s]sf] k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
17. d"No ;dfof]hg – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@# adf]lhd vl/b ;+emf}tfcg';f/
;fj{hlgs lgsfon] /lgª lan jf cGo lan aLhssf] e'QmfgL jf:tljs sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] cfwf/df
ug'k{ g]{ Joj:yf 5 . l8lehg sfof{no sf7df8f}F, ?kGb]xL / s}nfnLn] !) vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] d"No
;dfof]hg /sd e'QmfgL lbFbf jf:tljs laneGbf a9L e'QmfgL lbPsf], km/s km/s ;dosf] lansf] Ps}
;donfO{ cfwf/ lnO{ u0fgf u/]sf], 36L k]:sL s§f u/L u0fgf u/]sf] sf/0f ?= %( nfv a9L e'QmfgL
ePsf] /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
18. a9L b/ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !) df :jLs[t gD;{adf]lhd b//]6 lgwf{/0f
;ldltn] tf]s]sf] b//]6sf] cfwf/df lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{kg{] Joj:yf 5 . gofF zx/
cfof]hgf, j;Gtk'/n] Ps ;8s of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ubf{ 9'Ëf ldl;Psf] df6f] / s8f r§fg sf6\g]
sfdsf] :jLs[t gD;{eGbf qmdzM k|lt 3gld6/ ?=!%.!@ / ?=! xhf/ #*@.#( sf b/n] a9L x'g] u/L
nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t u/]sf sf/0f pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ ?=!& nfv a9L e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . e'QmfgL
19. hUufsf] d"NofÍg – gofF zx/ of]hgf sfof{no, afUn'ªn] 9f]/kf6g gu/kflnsf vKt8Lafªl:yt
dWokxf8L nf]sdfu{df hf]l8Psf] & /f]kgL # cfgf hUuf vl/b u/L cfjf; If]q lgdf{0f ug{ k|d'v lhNnf
clwsf/Lsf] cWoIftfdf dfnkf]t sfo{fnosf k|d'v;d]t /xg] d'cfjhf lgwf{/0f ;ldltn] k|lt /f]kgL ?=
$^ nfv %) xhf/ b]lv ?= ^) nfv ;Dd d"NofÍg u/L d'cfjhf e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . /lh:6«]zg z'Ns
lng] k|of]hgsf] nflu k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L cWoIf / k|d'v dfnkf]t clws[t ;b:o /xg] Go"gtd
d"NofÍg ;ldltn] k|lt /f]kgL Go"gtd ?=^) xhf/ %)) d"NofÍg u/]sf]df d'cfjhf lgwf{/0f ;ldltn]
(*!& k|ltzt a9L x'g] u/L d"NofÍg u/]sf] sf/0f ( hUufwgLnfO{ d'cfjhf ljt/0f ubf{ ?=# s/f]8 !!
nfv yk Jooef/ k/]sf] b]lvof] . Ps} :yfgsf] hUuf /lh:6\];g z'Ns c;'n ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu 36L /
e'QmfgL lbg] k|of]hgsf nflu cTolws a9L d"NofÍg ug'{ pko'Qm xf]Og .
jfUdtL ;'wf/ cfof]hgf
jfUdtL gbLsf] d'xfg ;+/If0f, hnfwf/ If]q ;+/If0f, gbLsf] jftfj/0fLo ;'wf/ tyf ;f}GboL{s/0f h:tf
sfo{x? ug{ Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}Í / g]kfn ;/sf/aLr ^ dfr{ @)!$ df ;Demf}tf eO{ #! d] @)!( df
cfof]hgf ;DkGg ug]{ nIo /x]sf] 5 . cfof]hgfsf] s"n nfut cd]l/sL 8n/ #^ ldlnogdWo] C0f ;xfotf
@%=% ldlnog, cg'bfg ;xfotf $=% ldlnog / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;|f]ttkm{ ^ ldlnog x'g] pNn]v 5 .
cfof]hgfsf] cjlwdWo] *) k|ltzt ;DkGg x'Fbf;Dd ?= ! ca{ (! s/f]8 #@ nfv vr{ u/L #@=^@ k|ltztdf
ef}lts k|ult /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
20. kfl/>lds – cfof]hgfaf6 ;~rflnt lgdf{0f sfo{x?sf] kl/of]hgf Joj:yfkg, l8hfOg / ;'k/lehg
sfo{ ug{ Ps k/fdz{bftf;Fu ePsf] vl/b ;Demf}tfdf sfddf pkl:yt gePsf] ;fj{hlgs labfsf]
kfl/>lds lbg] Joj:yf 5}g . of] jif{ k/fdz{bftfn] k]; u/]sf] xflh/L ljj/0fsf] cfwf/df cfof]hgf
zx/L ljsf; dGqfno
tkm{ @! / ;ldlttkm{ #) sd{rf/LnfO{ sfddf pkl:yt gePsf] ;fj{hlgs labfsf] ;d]t u0fgf u/L
?=$$ nfv kfl/>lds e'tmfgL u/]sf]n] c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
jfUdtL sf]l/8f]/ lgdf{0f / ;/;kmfO{
jfUdtL / o;sf ;xfos gbLx¿nfO{ PsLs[t / ;dGjofTds cjwf/0ffdf s]lGb|t eO{ k'ghL{ljt /
;+/lIft ug{ jfUdtL ;/;kmfO{ sfo{of]hgfcGtu{t ;/;kmfO{ cleofg, j[If/f]k0f, hgr]tgf clej[l4nufotsf
sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug{] pNn]v 5 . clwsf/ ;DkGg jfUdtL ;Eotf PsLs[t ljsf; ;ldltn] jfUdtL
sfo{of]hgf -@)^%—@)&)_ cg';f/ ;~rfng u/]sf] ;/;kmfO{ sfo{qmd tyf sf]l/8f]/ lgdf{0f sfo{af6 gbLsf]
k|b"if0f tyf jftfj/0f ;'wf/ sfo{qmdsf] sfo{d"ns n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf k|d'v Joxf]/f b]xfoadf]lhd 5g\M
21. cJojl:yt a:tL – jfUdtL sfo{of]hgf -@)^%—@)&)_ cjlwdf gbL lsgf/sf cjl:yt ;'s'Daf;L
a:tLx? k|df0fLs/0f u/L gbLsf] cltqmd0f tyf k|b"if0f Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu Jojl:yt ?kdf :yfgfGt/0f
ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df jfUdtL / o;sf ;xfos gbLx?sf] * :yfgdf /x]sf @ xhf/ ^(# 3/w'/L ;'s'Daf;L
a:tLx?sf] Jojl:yt ?kdf :yfgfGt/0f u/]sf] b]lvPg . jf:tljs ;'s'Daf;Lsf] klxrfg u/L kl/rokq
lbg g;Sg', u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] e"ldsf :ki6 gx'g', ;/sf/n] jf;:yfgsf] plrt ljsNk lbP/ lg0f{o
ug{ g;Sg' cflb sf/0fn] o:tf a:tLsf] Joj:yfkg ug{ g;lsPsf] ;ldltn] hgfPsf] 5 . cltqmldt
a:tLsf] plrt Joj:yfkg gx'Fbf gbLsf] lsgf/df lgdf{0f e}/x]sf ;8s, gbL lgoGq0f, 9n lgdf{0f
sfo{x? tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ;DkGg ug{ sl7gfO ePsf] 5 eg] gbLsf] k|b"if0f Go"gLs/0f x'g;s]sf] 5}g .
22. :yfgLo ;+3 ;+:yf – jfUdtL sfo{of]hgf -@)^%—@)&)_ df :yfgLo ;+3;+:yfnfO{ :ki6 lhDd]jf/L /
sfo{If]q tf]sL gbL ;kmfO{ cleofgdf ;xefuL u/fpg] nIoadf]lhd lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf btf{
ePsf @* ;+:yf ;/;kmfO{ cleofgdf ;+nUg /x]sf]df Ps ;+yfnfO{ dfq sfo{If]q tf]s]sf] / @&
;+:yfnfO{ :ki6 lhDd]jf/L tyf sfo{If]q tf]lsPsf] 5}g . :ki6 lhDd]jf/L tyf sfo{If]q gtf]sL :yfgLo
;+3;+:yf kl/rfng ubf{ gbL ;kmfO{ cleofg k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
23. kmf]xf]/ kfgL Joj:yfkg – jfUdtL sfo{of]hgf -@)^%—@)&)_ df jfUdtL tyf o;sf ;xfos gbLsf]
k|b"lift kfgL Joj:yfkg ug{ sf7df8f}F pkTosf vfg]kfgL lnld6]8 / o; ;ldltn] sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/L
uf]s0f{, u'x]Zj/L, lqk'/]Zj/, wf]jL3f6, xg'dfg3f6, ;Nnf3f/L / afns'df/Lnufot & :yfgdf ?=!^ ca{
^^ s/f]8 nfutdf kmf]xf]/ kfgL Joj:yfkg s]Gb| :yfkgf ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df u'x]Zj/L, wf]aL3f6,
;Nnf3f/L / afns'df/L $ :yfgsf k|zf]wg s]Gb| lgdf{0f lgdf{0fr/0fdf /x]sf] / uf]s{0f, lqk'/]Zj/ tyf
xg'dfg3f6sf k|zf]wg s]Gb|x?sf] l8hfOg sfo{dfq ePsf] 5 . sfo{of]hgfsf] cjlw rf/ jif{ lalt;Sbf
;d]t s'g} klg k|zf]wg s]Gb|sf] lgdf{0f ;DkGg gePsf]n] gbL If]qdf k|b"if0f lgoGq0f sfo{ k|efjsf/L
b]lvPg .
24. jfUdtL ;f}GboL{s/0f – jfUdtL ;'wf/ cfof]hgfcGtu{t uf]s0f{b]lv l;gfd+un k'n;Ddsf] gbL lgoGq0f,
;f}GboL{s/0f, k}bnofqL dfu{ lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu @)&%.!).!* leq sfo{;DkGg ug]{ u/L ?=! ca{ ()
s/f]8 @* nfvdf lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu @)&#.&.!( df ePsf] vl/b ;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf sfo{
ztk|ltzt ;dofjlw ;dfKt x'Fbf ?=! ca{ % s/f]8 ^( nfv e'QmfgL u/L %%=%$ k|ltzt ef}lts
k|ult u/]sf] 5 . @)&%.!!.* df cfof]hgfsf] :ynut cjnf]sg ubf{ cfof]hgfsf] z'? ljGb' uf]s0f{
8\ofdb]lv u'x]Zj/L v08df lgdf{0f sfo{;DkGg ePsf] b]lvPg . lgdf{0f sfo{sf] l8hfOgdf !@ ld6/
If]qdf k}bnofqL dfu{, ;fOsnofqL dfu{ / xl/ofnL If]q lgdf{0f ug]{ / afFsL * ld6/df df]6/af6f]
agfpg] /x]sf]df a9\bf] zx/Ls/0f / ;jf/L;fwgsf] rfksf sf/0f * ld6/sf] ;8sn] nfdf] ;do wfGg
;Sg] gb]lvPsf]n] jfUdtL ;f}GboL{s/0fsf] p2]Zocg'?k sfo{ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
25. jfUdtL ;/;kmfO{ – gbL lsgf/df /x]sf cJojl:yt a:tL tyf ;'s'Daf;Lx?sf] plrt Joj:yfkg x'g]
sfg'gL tyf gLltut Joj:yf u/L sf]l/8f]/df lgdf{0f e}/x]sf ;+/rgfx? ldtJooL ?kdf ;dod} ;DkGg
ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 . :yfgLo ;+3 ;+:yfnfO{ :ki6 lhDd]jf/L / sfo{If]q tf]sL gbL ;/;kmfO{

zx/L ljsf; dGqfno
cleofgdf kl/rfng x'g g;s]sf], :yfgLosf] hfoh dfux? k"/f ug]{ tyf k|zf]wg s]Gb|sf] nflu
cfjZos hUuf clwu|x0f u/L jftfj/0fnfO{ k|b"if0fd'Qm agfpg kmf]xf]/ kfgL k|zf]wg s]Gb|x?sf] lgdf{0f
sfo{ ePsf] b]lvPg . gbL lsgf/sf] hUuf d'cfjhf ljjfbsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g] u/L g]kfn
;/sf/af6 :ki6 sfg'gL tyf gLltut lg0f{o u/fO{ vl/b ;Demf}tf cg';f/ lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] ug'{kg]{
lgdf{0f sfo{ ug'{kb{5 .
gbL ;kmf /fVg gbLdf kfgL aUg] / kmf]xf]/ gkmfNg] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 . xfn jfUdtL gbLdf
yf]/} kl/df0fdf eP klg kfgL alu/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . 5f]6f] 5f]6f] b"/Ldf 8\ofd agfO{ kfgL hDdf u/L
axfjsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg' pko'Qm x'g] b]lvG5 . o;tk{m ;d]t ;DalGwt lgsfosf] Wofgfsif{0f x'g'kb{5 .
lgisif{ – gbL lsgf/sf cJojl:yt a:tLx?sf] :yfgfGt/0f gx'g', hUuf ljjfb tyf :yfgLosf] cj/f]wn] ubf{
ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f sfo{x? tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ;DkGg gx'g', jftfj/0f ;+/If0f / k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ug]{ ljleGg
;/sf/L lgsfoaLr ;dGjo gx'g', jfUdtL / o;sf ;xfos gbLx?df ;8s, 9n, gbL lgoGq0fh:tf ef}lts
k"jf{wf/ ;+/rgfx?sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ lgsfo w]/} x'g' / tL lgsfox?n] lgdf{0f ug]{ ;+/rgf dfkb08 Ps?ktf
gx'g'h:tf ;d:ofx? ;dfwfg ug{ bL3{sfnLg tyf cNksfnLg sfo{gLlt ;lxtsf] PsLs[t jfUdtL ljsf;
sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L gbLsf] jftfj/0f :jR5 tyf ;kmf x'g] sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
cGo ;+:yf / ;ldlt
sf7df8f}+ pkTosf ljsf; k|flws/0f
sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf gu/x?sf] k'gM lgdf{0f, lj:tf/ / ljsf;sf] ;fy} of]hgfa4 ?kdf ef}lts ljsf;
u/L hg;fwf/0fnfO{ cfjZos ;]jf / ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg sf7df8f}+ pkTosf ljsf; k|flws/0f P]g, @)$% cg';f/
:yfkgf eO{ ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
26. C0f nufgL sf]if – k|flws/0f P]g, @)$% sf] bkmf !@ cg';f/ k|flws/0fn] cy{ dGqfnoaf6 $ k|ltzt
Aofh b/df ljleGg hUUff ljsf; of]hgf ;~rfngsf] nflu ?=^# s/f]8 / h8La'6L pTkfbg tyf
k|zf]wg s]Gb|sf] hUUff vl/b ug{ ?=^) s/f]8 # nfv C0f lnPsf] 5 . pQm C0fsf] cjlw ;dfKt
ePsf]n] ;f]sf] Aofh ?=!^ s/f]8 *) nfv / ;fFjf;d]t lkmtf{ ug'{kb{5 .
26.1 cy{ dGqfnoaf6 lnPsf] pQm C0faf6 !( hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgfdf ?=($ s/f]8 !( nfv nufgL
u/]sf]df ;f]sf] Aofh ?=!* s/f]8 ** nfv p7\g afFsL /x]sf] 5 . nufgL /sd c;'n ubf{ Aofh c;'n
u/L afFsL /sd ;fFjfdf s§f ug'{kg]{df Aofh afFsL b]vfO{ ;fFjf 36fPsf] 5 . tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ;fFjf /
Aofh c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
26.2 Or+u' gf/fo0f hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgfdf @)^!.^@ df !@ k|ltzt Aofh b/df ?=!$ nfv *( xhf/
nufgL u/]sf]df !$ jif{sf] Aofh ?=@% nfv cfodf n]vfÍg u/]sf] 5}g . ;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf] ;fFjf /
Aofh /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
27. aLdf – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod *! df k/fdz{bftfn] ;Demf}tf u/]sf] #) lbg leq
;Demf}tfsf] s'n /sd ;d]6\g] u/L ;fj{hlgs lgsfonfO{ lgzt{ e'QmfgL x'g] k];fut bfloTj aLdf k];
ug'{kg]{ / o;/L tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq k];fut bfloTj aLdf k]; gu/]df ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] vl/b ;Demf}tfsf]
cGTo u/L sfnf];"rLdf /fVg l;kmfl/; ug'{kg]{ pNNf]v 5 . k|flws/0fn] @ k/fdz{bftf;Fu ?=!! s/f]8 *
nfvdf ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df k];fut bfloTj aLdf u/]sf] b]lvPg . k|rlnt lgodsf] kfngf ug'{kb{5 .
28. sfo{qmd a]u/ vr{ – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod ## df rfn' cfly{s jif{leq vr{
geO{ jfFsL /x]sf] /sd ;DalGwt sfof{non] sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{nodf lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf
5 . ;8s j/k/sf 3/, hUUffsf] Ifltk"lt{ e'QmfgL ug{ @)&!.&@ df lgsf;f ePsf] / d]nDrL vfg]kfgL
cfof]hgfsf] lj:tf/df ePsf] Ifltsf] Ifltk"lt{ lbg @)&@.&# df lgsf;f eO{ lk|mh gu/L df}Hbft
/fv]sf] ?=! s/f]8 !$ nfv of] jif{ d]nDrL vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfsf] kfOknfOg la5\ofpg] ;8ssf] lgdf{0f
sfo{ u/L vr{ n]v]sf] 5 . Pp6f k|of]hgsf] nflu lgsf;f ePsf] /sd vr{ gePdf ;l~rtsf]if bflvnf
ug'{kg]{df :jLs[lt a]u/ kl5Nnf] jif{ cs}{ k|of]hgdf vr{ u/]sf] lgod;Ddt b]lvPg .
zx/L ljsf; dGqfno
29. aflx/L rqmky – Jojl:yt hUUff PsLs/0fsf cfwf/df sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf # lHfNNffdf gofF
Jojl:yt zx/ ljsf; u/L &@ lsnf]ld6/ aflx/L rqmky lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{ @)^!.^@ df z'? ePsf]df
of] jif{;Dd %$=% lsnf]ld6/ ;8ssf] lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/ u/]sf] / !&=% lsnf]ld6/sf]
k|ltj]bg tof/ x'Fb} u/]sf] pNNf]v 5 . aflx/L rqmkysf] jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs k|efj d"NofÍg ug]{
sfo{sf] l;nl;nfdf rqmkyaf6 k|efljt x'g] :yfgLo hUufwgL, df]xL, /fhg}lts bnsf k|ltlglw;Fu
cGt/lqmof u/L If]q lgwf{/0f tyf sfo{;"rL;DaGwL k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnodf
k7fPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . of] jif{;Dd ?=!) s/f]8 *@ nfv vr{ eP tfklg k"/} ;8s v08sf] lj:t[t
cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg, hUUff PsLs/0f / jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg k|ltj]bg tof/ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
30. sfo{qmd ;+zf]wg – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @$ df :yfgLo kl/l:yltnfO{ ;d]t
Wofg lbO{ sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo, nIo, :jLs[t ah]6 / cfjlws of]hgf cg's"n x'g] u/L sfo{qmdsf] nfut
ga9fO{ cfjZos ;+zf]wg ug{ ;lsg] pNn]v 5 . lhNnf cfo'Qmsf] sfof{no sf7df8f}F, nlntk'/ /
eQmk'/af6 sfof{Gjog ug{ zx/L ljsf; dGqfnoaf6 @)&$.$.@& df ?=$% s/f]8sf] sfo{qmd :jLs[t
ePsf]df @)&%.#.@@ df ;d]t kfFrk6s ;+zf]wg u/L ?=! ca{ $( s/f]8 ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd sfod
u/L ?=! ca{ $& s/f]8 & nfv vr{ u/]sf] 5 . ljleGg ;8s rf}8f ug{], kvf{n nufpg] tyf ;8s
;'wf/ ug{ sfdsf] kl/df0f lglZrt u/L z'? ah]6 ljlgof]hg ePsf]df ;+zf]lwt sfo{qmddf sfdsf]
kl/df0fdf kl/jt{g gu/L ah]6dfq yk u/]sf] b]lvof] . z'? ah]6 ljlgof]hgaf6 ug{ ;lsg] sfdsf]
kl/df0fdf kl/jt{g gu/L #%!=&@ k|ltzt;Dd yk ah]6 :jLs[t u/]sf] dgfl;a b]lvPg .
31. lgdf{0f sfo{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf $$ df pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfoaf6
lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpFbf jf ;f];DaGwL ;]jf k|fKt ubf{ ldtJooL, u'0f:t/Lotf jf lbuf]kgf clej[l4 x'g]
ePdf jf kl/of]hgfsf] d'Vo p2]Zo g} /f]huf/Lsf] l;h{gf ug{] ePdf pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL
;d'bfoaf6 sfd u/fpg ;lsg] pNn]v 5 . of] jif{ lhNNff cfo'Qmsf] sfof{no sf7df8f}F, nlntk'/,
eQmk'/ / wf]aLvf]nf sf]l/8f]/ cfof]hgfn] #@) nfeu|fxL ;+:yfdfk{mt\ lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fO{ ?=! ca{ @^
s/f]8 %! nfv e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . nfeu|fxL ;+:yfaf6 ePsf] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f ePsf]
kfOPg . k|lt:kwf{af6 lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpg' kg]{df ;f] gu/]sf]n] sfdsf] kl/df0f, u'0f:t/ / nfut olsg
x'g ;s]g . o;df 5fglag x'g'kb{5 .
32. gD;{ :jLs[lt – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !) -@_ df g]kfn ;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\af6
gD;{ :jLs[t ug'{kg{] Joj:yf 5 . lhNnf cfo'Qmsf] sfof{no, sf7df8f}+ / wf]aLvf]nf sf]l/8f]/ cfof]hgfn]
zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefun] :jLs[t u/]sf] gD;{sf] cfwf/df lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfg
tof/ u/]sf] b]lvof] .
;8s ljefun] tof/ u/]sf] gD;{df !M$ cg'kftsf] l;d]G6sf] hf]8fO{df 9'Ëfsf] ufx|f] nufpg Ps
3gld6/ sfd #) ld6/ 9'jfgL;lxt $=% lbg >lds nfUg] pNn]v u/]sf]df zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg
lgdf{0f ljefun] tof/ u/]sf] gD;{df !) ld6/ 9'jfgL;lxtsf] nflu % >lds nfUg] pNn]v 5 . To;}u/L
o; ljefusf] gD;{df ;f]xL sfddf Ps 3gld6/ sfdsf] nflu )=!%( d]l6«s6g l;d]G6 nfUg] pNn]v 5
eg] ;8s ljefun] k|of]u u/]sf] gD;{df )=!%% d]l6«s6g nfUg] pNn]v 5 . sfof{non] of] jif{ u/fPsf]
lgdf{0f sfo{df ;8s ljefusf] gD;{ k|of]u u/]tfklg ut jif{ lgdf{0f ;DkGg eO{ o; jif{ e'QmfgL lbFbf !
3gld6/ sfo{df ?=$)^.*^ a9L bfloTj k/]sf] cfwf/df pkef]Qmfdfk{mt\ sfd u/fPsf] !)& Kofs]hsf] @(
xhf/ (@( 3gld6/df ;8s ljefusf] gD;{eGbf ?=! s/f]8 @@ nfv a9Lsf] nfut cg'dfg :jLs[lt u/L
yk bfloTj kf/]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t x'g'kg{] gD;{ ljefuLo k|d'vn] :jLs[t ug{ ldNg] b]lvFb}g .
clwsf/a]u/ gD;{ :jLs[t u/L Jooef/ a9fpg] kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
33. e'QmfgLdf s/ – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf *( df afl;Gbf JolQmn] 7]Ssf jf s/f/sf] e'QmfgLdf
!=% k|ltztsf b/n] clu|d s/ s§L ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . lhNNff cfo'Qm sfof{no sf7df8f}F / wf]aLvf]nf
sf]l/8f]/ cfof]hgfn] of] jif{ ljleGg lgdf{0f sfo{ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf÷ pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfk{mt\ u/fpFbf
!*) ;+:yfn] lgdf{0f ;fdu|L vl/b u/]sf] lan k]; u/]sf] cfwf/df ?=%^ s/f]8 ($ nfv e'QmfgL lbPsf]
5 . tL ;+:yfn] u/]sf] pQm sf/f]af/df P]gdf Joj:yf ePadf]lhd clu|d cfos/ s§f gu/]sf]n] !=%
k|ltztsf b/n] clu|d cfos/ ?=*) nfv /fh:j k|fKt ePsf] b]lvPg .
zx/L ljsf; dGqfno
34. a9L e'QmfgL – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod (&-$_ df pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL
;d'bfonfO{ lgdf{0f sfo{ jf ;]jfsf] sfd lbFbf nfut cg'dfgdf /x]sf] d"No clej[l4 s/, cf]e/x]8
slG6h]G;L /sd / hg;xeflutfsf] c+z s§f u/]/ dfq e'QmfgL lbg'kg{] Joj:yf 5 . lhNnf cfo'Qmsf]
sfof{no sf7df8f}F / wf]aLvf]nf sf]l/8f]/ cfof]hgfn] tLg pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ ;fj{hlgs hUuf ;+/If0f
sfo{df hg;xeflutf tyf cf]e/x]8afktsf] ?=@@ nfv;d]t e'QmfgL lbPsf]n] a9L e'QmfgL lbPsf]
/sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
clwsf/ ;DkGg jfUdtL ;Eotf PsLs[t ljsf; ;ldlt
kz'klt If]qnufot jfUdtL gbLsf] jftfj/0fnfO{ ;'wf/ ug]{ p2]Zon] clwsf/ ;DkGg jfUdtL ;Eotf
PsLs[t ljsf; ;ldlt @)^% df u7g ePsf] 5 . o; sfo{qmdsf] nflu ?=!( ca{ $* s/f]8 (% nfv nfut
cg'dfg tof/ eO{ @)*).*! ;Dddf ;DkGg ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df of] jif{;Dd ?=& ca{ @# s/f]8 &) nfv vr{
ePsf] 5 .
35. sfo{qmd / k|ult – cfof]hgfn] ;~rfng ug]{ sfo{qmddWo] h}ljs ljljwtf / hnfwf/sf] ;+/If0f,
ljs]lGb|t kmf]xf]/ kfgL k|zf]wg s]Gb| lgdf{0f, jiff{tsf] kfgL ;Íng ug{ kf]v/L lgdf{0f, e"ldut hn
l/rfh{ ug]{, ;'Gb/L3f6df kmf]xf]/ kfgL k|zf]wg s]Gb| lgdf{0f ug]{nufotsf ?=* ca{ #( s/f]8 ^^ nfv
nfutsf] !* sfo{qmd z'?jft u/]sf] 5}g . of] jif{;Dd s'n nfutsf] ?=& ca{ @# s/f]8 &) nfv -
#&=!# k|ltzt_ vr{ u/L #*=)% k|ltzt ef}lts k|ult u/]sf] 5 .
of] jif{ jfUdtL ;+u|xfno ejg lgdf{0f, jfUdtL tyf cGo gbLsf] ;kmfO{ pks/0f vl/b, gbL
lsgf/df xl/t If]q ljsf; tyf kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkg, u'x]Zj/Ldf kfs{ lgdf{0f, uf]s0f{ b]lv
;'Gb/L3f6;Dd ;f]nf/ aQL h8fg tyf ;8s dd{t ;'wf/, kz'klt If]qdf 9'Ëf 5fKg]nufotsf !%
sfo{qmdsf] nflu ?=@& s/f]8 *% nfv ljlgof]hg ePsf]df s'g} klg sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ePsf] 5}g .
jflif{s sfo{qmddf pNn]v ePadf]lhdsf sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{kb{5 .
36. lgdf{0f :yn — ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$,sf] lgod !!! df ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] vl/b
;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog;DaGwL sfo{of]hgf / sfo{tflnsf tof/ ug'{kg]{, lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ lgdf{0f:yn
;'Dkg] Joj:yf 5 . aNv' vf]nfdf 9n, gbL lgoGq0f tyf ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu lgdf{0f
Joj;foL;Fu @)&&.(.@& df sfo{;DkGg ug{ ?=$% s/f]8 %( nfvsf] @)&%.#.@& df vl/b ;Demf}tf
u/L @)&%.#.@( df ?=# s/f]8 *$ nfv Df]lanfOh];g k]:sL lbPsf] 5 . ;Demf}tf ePsf] * dlxgf -
@)&%.!).!^_ kl5 lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ sfof{b]z lbPsf] 5 . vf]nfsf] axfj If]q lgwf{/0f gePsfn]
;dod} sfof{b]z lbg g;s]sf]] sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 . lgdf{0f :ynsf] Joj:yfkg gu/L 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf
u/]sf] / sfof{b]z glbO{ k]:sL pknAw u/fPsf] dgfl;a b]lvPg .
37. lgdf{0f sfo{df l9nfO{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodjfnL, @)^$ sf] lgod %! df ;fj{hlgs lgsfon]
af]nkqbftfnfO{ lgdf{0f:ynsf] oyfy{ hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] vl/b ;Demf}tf
k"j{ cj/f]w x6fpg], d'cfjhf lbg], lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{ cflb sfo{ k"/f u/]/ vl/b
;Demf}tfsf] Joj:yfkg ug'{kb{5 . ;ldltn] of] jif{ ;~rfng u/]sf gbL lgoGq0f, 9n, ;8s lgdf{0f
sfo{sf] nflu u/]sf ^ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt cjlwleq lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] sfo{;DkGf gu/]sf]
sf/0fn] cfof]hgf ;DkGg x'g l9nfO x'g'sf] ;fy} d"No ;dfof]hg ?=@@ s/f]8 *# nfv ^# xhf/ yk
bfloTj e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . vl/b ;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf] cjlwdf lgdf{0f sfo{;DkGg gx'Fbf cfof]hgfsf]
nfut j[l4 ePsf] / nfeu|fxL ;d"x nfefjlGt x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ .
38. lgdf{0f sfo{df ;dGjo — ;ldltn] gVv' sf]l/8f]/df gbL lgoGq0f / 9n lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu ?=(@
s/f]8 ^% nfvdf @)&&.*.@( df sfo{;DkGg ug]{ u/L lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu @)&%.@.#) df vl/b
;Demf}tf u/]sf]df n]vfk/LIf0fsf] qmddf @)&%.!).@@ df :ynut cjnf]sg ubf{ ;f]xL sf]l/8f]/df
@)&$.&%df sf7df8f}F pkTosf ljsf; k|flws/0f lhNnf cfo'tmsf] sfof{no, nlntk'/n] pkef]tmf
;ldltdfkm{t\ gbL lgoGq0f sfo{ u/fPsf] b]lvof] . afofF lsgf/tkm{ @% ld6/ / bfofF lsgf/tkm{ @^
ld6/ u/L s'n %! ld6/df ;DkGg ePsf] %@)=&! 3gld6/ kvf{n eTsfO{ k'gM lgdf{0f ub}{ u/]sf]

zx/L ljsf; dGqfno
b]lvof] . Ps} dGqfnocGtu{tsf b'O{ lgsfoaLrsf] lgdf{0f sfo{df ;dGjo gePsf] sf/0f ptm sfdsf]
k|lt 3gld6/ ? !! xhf/ %)) sf b/n] ?=^* nfv g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ yk bfloTj k/]sf] 5 .
cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng s]Gb| ljsf; ;ldlt
39. k|f]T;fxg eQf – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@# df s'g} klg sfof{non] yk ;'ljwf
j[l4 u/L cfly{s bfloTj kg]{ lg0f{o ubf{ cy{ dGqfnosf] k"j{:jLs[lt lng'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . o; s]Gb|sf
kbflwsf/L÷sd{rf/LnfO{ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf kbflwsf/L÷sd{rf/L ;/x dfl;s tna :s]nsf] *) k|ltztsf
b/n] k|f]T;fxg eQfafkt ?=! s/f]8 (* nfv / k'/:sf/afkt Ps dlxgfsf] tna a/fa/n] x'g] ?=@!
nfv e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . cy{ dGqfnosf] k"j{:jLs[lt tyf sfg'gL cfwf/a]u/ sfo{ ljj/0f;d]t :jLs[t
gu/L yk ;'ljwf pknAw u/fPsf] lgod;Ddt b]lvPg . lgodljk/Ltsf] o:tf] vr{ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
40. cltl/Qm z'Ns – ;ldltn] of] jif{ ljB't dx;'nafkt ?=#! s/f]8 ## nfv e'QmfgL lbPsf]df ;dodf
dx;'n e'QmfgL gubf{ @% k|ltztn] yk b:t'/ ?=&& nfv e'QmfgL u/L cltl/Qm Jooef/ kf/]sf] b]lvof] .
ljB't dx;'n ;dodf g} e'QmfgL gu/L yk Jooef/ kfg]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 kfs{ ljsf; ;ldlt
41. pknlAw d"NofÍg – ;+oQ ' m /fi6«;+3sf] %) cf}F jflif{sf]T;jsf] cj;/df jfUdtL gbLsf] z+vd'nb]lv 6]s'
bf]efg;Dd *@=(% x]S6/ If]q jl/kl/ ;fj{hlgs hUufsf] ;+/If0f, kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkg, ;f:s[lts Pj+
wfld{s :yn ;+/If0f / zx/L jftfj/0fdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] p2]Zon] ljsf; ;ldlt P]g, @)!# cg';f/
@)%@ df ;ldlt u7g ePsf] b]lvG5 . of] jif{sf] nflu sDkfp08jfn, 3]/faf/f, ;f}Gbo{s/0f, zf}rfno,
kfls{ª, rf}tf/f, 3f6 cflb lgdf{0f ug{ ?=$ s/f]8 *) nfv ljlgof]hg eO{ ?=$ s/f]8 @) nfv vr{
ePsf] 5 . ;ldltnfO{ tf]lsPsf sfo{x? ;DkGg gx'Fb} g]kfn ;/sf/sf] @)&%.$.@# sf] lg0f{on] o;
;ldltsf] ;DklQ / bfloTj clwsf/ ;DkGg jfUdtL ;Eotf ljsf; ;ldltdf a'emfpg] u/L lj36g
ePsf] 5 . ;ldltn] xfn;Dd u/]sf sfo{ / ePsf] k|ult ;DaGwdf k|ltj]bg;d]t tof/ gu/L pQm
;ldltnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] b]lvPg . h;n] ubf{ ePsf] vr{ / ;f]sf] pknlAw d"NofÍg ug{ ;lsg]
cj:yf 5}g .
cg'udg / a]?h"
• cg'udg – ljutsf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePsf Joxf]/fdWo] ljlzi6 JolQmx?sf] nflu ;]jf ;'ljwf pknAw
u/fpFbf dfkb08 tf]Sg'kg]{, lhNnf cfo'Qmsf] sfof{no, sf7df8f}+n] jflif{s vl/b of]hgf tyf vl/b u'?of]hgf
a]u/ vr{ u/]sf], hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgfdf pkef]Qmfsf] of]ubfg ;dfj]z gu/L lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fPsf],
cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng s]Gb|n] jSof}tf 3/ef8f /sd c;'n gu/]sf] nufot Joxf]/f of] jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6
;d]t b]lvPsf] 5 . ljutsf Joxf]/f k'gf/fj[lQ gx'g] u/L sfo{;Dkfbg ug'{kb{5 .
• a]?h"sf] l:ylt– of] jif{ dGqnfo / dftxt;d]tsf lgsfosf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] a]?h"sf] l:ylt b]xfo
cg';f/ 5M
➢ ;/sf/L sfo{notkm{ %* lgsfodf ?=% ca{ *) s/f]8 @$ nfv @* xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes
k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fPkl5 ?=!^ s/f]8 %! nfv (^ xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=% ca{ ^# s/f]8 &@
nfv #@ xhf/ afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=% ca{ @@ s/f]8 ! nfv !& xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 .
➢ cGo ;+:yf / ;ldlt #^ tkm{ ?=&% s/f]8 !* nfv #! xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg
pknAw u/fPkl5 ?=& nfv !) xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=&% s/f]8 !! nfv @! xhf/ a]?h" afFsL
/x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=$@ s/f]8 ^ nfv $( xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL !^
df 5 .

lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno
dGqfnosf] sfo{ If]qdf lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw ;DaGwL gLlt, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf] th'{df,
sfof{Gjog, cg'udg / d"Nofsg, lzIff tyf lj1fg k|ljlw ;DaGwL /fli6\o tyf cGt/f{li6\o ;+:yf;Fu ;Dks{
tyf ;dGjo, ljZjljBfnox?, g]kfn lzIff ;]jfsf] ;~rfng nufot /x]sf 5g\ . dGqfno dftxtsf !#^
dGqfno / dftxt sfof{nosf] ljlgof]hg ?=$^ ca{ #% s/f]8 *& nfv, /fh:j ?=! ca{ ! s/f]8 !#
nfv, w/f}6L ?=#* s/f]8 ^# nfv / cGo sf/f]af/ ?=%( s/f]8 *$ nfv;d]t ?=$* ca{ #% s/f]8 $* nfvsf]
n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . dGqfno dftxtsf ;+ul7t ;+:yf, ;ldlt / cGo ;+:yf;d]t #^! sf] ?=! va{
^% ca{ &^ s/f]8 @ nfvsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . ;f]sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f
lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
1. gLlt tyf sfo{qmd M rf}wf}+ of]hgfdf lzIffdf ;dtfd"ns cj;/ ;'lglZrt ub}{ lzIffnfO{ ;Lko'Qm,
;do ;fGble{s / u'0f:t/o'Qm agfpg], ;a} tx Pj+ ljifosf] lzIff / ;Lkd"ns tflndsf] kx'Fr
clej[l4 ug]{, z}lIfs k|zf;gdf lg/Gt/ ;'wf/ ug]{ nufotsf p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 .
dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt ljj/0f cg';f/ ljBfno If]q ljsf; sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog, ljBfno ef}lts
;'wf/ sfo{qmd, :yfgLo tx dfkm{t ljBfno ;~rfng, blnt tyf ;LdfGts[t ju{sf ;a} txsf] lzIff
lgMz'Ns agfpg], egf{ b/df n}lËs ;dtf, Jofj;flos ;Lk ljsf; tflnd nufot sfo{qmd ;~rfng
u/]sf] b]lvG5 . z}lIfs ;q @)&$ sf] tYofÍ cg';f/ k|fylds v'b egf{ (&=@ k|ltzt, cfwf/e"t tx
sIff -^—*_ (@=# k|ltzt, dfWolds tx sIff -(–!@_ sf] v'b egf{ b/ $#=( k|ltzt k'u]sf] b]lvG5 .
;fIf/tfb/ -!%–@$ jif{sf]_ @)&$.&% df () k|ltzt k'¥ofpg] nIo /x]sf]df **=^ k|ltzt pknlAw
eO{ ;du|df ;fIf/tf k|ltzt ^^=( k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . sIff !@ ;Ddsf] dfWolds lzIffnfO{ qmdzM
clgjfo{ / lgMz'Ns t'Nofpg], cfwf/e"t txsf] b/aGbL ;dfof]hg tyf dfWoldstxdf lzIfssf]
ljifout cfjZostf olsg ug'{kg]{ tyf sIff !! / !@ df cgf}krfl/s tyf a}slNks sIff ;~rfng
nufotsf sfo{ ;DkGg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf plNnlvt sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/L
ck]lIft pknlAw xfl;n ug]{tkm{ Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
2. ;+u7g ;+/rgf — ljBfno lzIffsf ;du| gLlt, of]hgf / sf{qmdx?nfO{ b]zJofkL ?kdf sfof{Gjog /
cg'udg ug]{ lgsfosf ?kdf /x]sf] lzIff ljefudf ;+u7gfTds k]m/abn u/L lzIff tyf dfgj ;|f]t
ljsf; s]Gb| u7g ePsf]] 5 . If]qLo:t/df /x]sf lgb]{zgfno / z}lIfs tflnd s]Gb| @( vf/]h eO{
k|To]s k|b]zsf ;fdflhs ljsf; dGqfno cGtu{t lzIff ljsf; lgb]{zgfno / !/! lzIff tflnd s]Gb|
/xg] Joj:yf 5 . ;fljssf] lhNnf lzIff sfof{nonfO{ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no cGtu{t lzIff ljsf;
tyf ;dGjo OsfO{sf] ?kdf /fv]sf]df k'gM @)&% df3b]lv dGqfno dftxtsf] OsfO{sf] ?kdf sfod
u/]sf]] 5 . k|To]s :yfgLo txdf lzIff, o'jf tyf v]ns'b zfvfsf] Joj:yf u/]sf]] 5 . ;+u7g ;+/rgf
tyf sfo{If]q ;DaGwdf olsg u/L :yfloTj sfod x'g'kb{5 .
3. ah]6 / vr{sf] l:ylt – dGqfno / dftxtsf] nflu of] jif{ rfn' vr{tk{m ?=! vj{ @^ ca{ ## s/f]8
&% nfv / k"+hLuttk{m ?=$) s/f]8 *) nfv;d]t ?=! va{ @^ ca{ &$ s/f]8 %% nfv ljlgof]hg
ePsf]df qmdzM ?=! va{ $ ca{ %& s/f]8 &# nfv -*@=&& k|ltzt_ / ?=@$ s/f]8 #* nfv -%(=&%
k|ltzt_ ;d]t ?=! va{ $ ca{ *@ s/f]8 !! nfv -*@=&) k|ltzt_ vr{ ePsf] 5 .
rfn' vr{dWo] sd{rf/L kfl/>lds ;'ljwf, lzIfs kfl/>lds ;'ljwf, k|zf;lgs vr{, sfo{qmd
/ cg'bfg vr{sf] l:ylt lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5 M

-?=nfvdf_
l;=g+= vr{ ljj/0f vr{ k|ltzt
kfl/>lds / cGo ;'ljwf vr{ 73,67,62 70.29
1 sd{rf/L tna eQf 1,02,53 0.98
2 ljBfno lzIfs tna eQf -;xof]uL sfo{stf{sf] ;d]t_ 61,19,76 58.38
3 ljBfno lzIfs ;]jf lgj[Q ;'ljwf 11,45,33 10.93
cg'bfg / cGo vr{ 31,14,49 29.71
4 sfof{no ;~rfng -k|zf;lgs_ vr{ 28,34 0.27
5 sfo{qmd tyf tflnd uf]i7L vr{ 1,97,56 1.88
6 ;z{t rfn' cg'bfg -;fd'bflos ljBfno_ 6,74,82 6.44
7 ;z{t rfn' cg'bfg -ljZjljBfno, kl/ifb\, ;ldlt_ 10,15,40 9.69
8 ;z{t k'FhLut cg'bfg -;fd'bflos ljBfno_ 8,03,52 7.67
9 ;z{t k'FhLut cg'bfg -ljZjljBfno, kl/ifb\, ;ldlt_ 1,66,63 1.59
10 5fqj[lQ tyf cGo 2,28,22 2.17
hDdfM 1,04,82,11 100.00
lzIff If]qsf] -:yfgLo txsf] ;d]t_ s'n rfn' vr{dWo] sd{rf/L / ljBfno lzIfssf]
kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwfsf] nflu &)=@( k|ltzt vr{
ePsf] 5 eg] sfo{qmd ;~rfng, 5fqj[lQ / cg'bfgdf of] jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 d'VotM lIfIff
@(=&! k|ltzt vr{ ePsf] 5 . dGqfnoaf6 ;fd'bflos ;DaGwL gLlt tyf ah]6 sfof{Gjog
ljBfno, ;fd'bflos SofDk;, kf]v/f / k"jf{~rn gePsf], z}lIfs k/fdz{ ;+:yfnfO{
ljZjljBfnodf k|bfg u/]sf] cg'bfg lgsf;f k|lqmofsf] sf/afxL gePsf], lzIff If]qsf] b'O{
n]vfk/LIf0f o; sfof{noaf6 ul/P tfklg tL lgsfon] ltxfO{eGbf a9L ah]6 tna eQfdf vr{
u/]sf] vr{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f btf{jfn n]vfk/LIfsaf6 x'g] ePsf], lghL sn]hn] 5fqj[lQ sf]6f
u/]sf] 5 . glbPsf], vr{ gePsf] ;zt{ cg'bfgsf]
4. ljb]zL lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 ;DaGwg – ljb]zL lzIf0f /sd ;l~rtsf]if bflvnf gePsf],
;+:yfsf] ;DaGwgdf pRr lzIff ;~rfng ug]{ ;DaGwL k|fljlws ;xfotfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f
lgb]{lzsf, @)%( df ljb]zL lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] ;DaGwg lnO{ gu/fPsf], dfkb08 ljk/Lt z'Ns c;'n
g]kfndf z}lIfs sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ ;+:yfx?n] ug]{ ;+:yfut ljBfnonfO{ sf/afxL
dGqfnosf] :jLs[lt lng'kg]{ tyf gjLs/0f k|of]hg tyf gePsf], pQ/k'l:tsf clws df}Hbft
z}lIfs u'0f:t/ lgoGq0fsf nflu dGqfnoaf6 cg'udg /x]sf], ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf] glthf
ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . @)&% cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd *& ;+:yfn] sdhf]/ /x]sf], clgoldt lgsf;f lbO{
lzIf0f cg'dlt k|fKt u/]sf]df *# ;+:yfsf] cg'dlt kq /f]Ssf /fVg] u/]sf], ljBfnonfO{ kof{Kt
gjLs/0f ePsf]] 5 . gjLs/0f gu/L ;~rfng ePsf cfwf/ a]u/ tyf a9L lgsf;f lbPsf],
lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] cg'udg u/L sf/afxL ug'{kb{5 . ljBfno ejgnufot k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f sfo{
pQm *& lzIf0f ;+:yf ;~rfngsf] nflu ?=@! ;DkGg gu/]sf], ;DaGwg lbPsf
s/f]8 !# nfv @% xhf/ ;DalGwt ;+:yfs} w/f}6L SofDk;sf] k|efjsf/L cg'udg gePsf],
vftfdf /x]sf] 5 . pQm /sd dGqfnosf] l;kmfl/; a]u/ b'u{dsf] ;§f ;'uddf tflnd ;~rfng
sf/f]af/ ug{ gkfpg] u/L vftf /f]Ssf /fv]tfklg s/f/sf] u/]sf], lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf ;a}
zt{gfdf adf]lhd sfd gu/]df dGqfnon] hkmt ug{ lgsfon] n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fPsf], hUuf
;Sg] cj:yf 5}g . tL lzIf0f ;+:yfn] k|bfg ug]{ lzIffsf] ;+/If0f gePsf], d]l;g pks/0f k|of]udf
u'0f:t/, k/LIff k|0ffnL, d'NofÍsg k4lt / kf7\oqmd gcfPsf] nufotsf Joxf]/f b]lvPsf]n]
;DaGwdf cg'udg ;"rsx? tof/ u/L dGqfnoaf6 ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
k|efjsf/L cg'udg, d"NofÍg x'g'kb{5 .
5. dg;fokq – k|fljlws ljifosf] :gfts tx eGbf dflysf] cWoog cWofkg u/fpgsf nflu k"jf{wf/
r/0fdf g} dGqfnoaf6 dg;fokq lng'kb{5 . dg;fo kq ;DaGwdf @)&#.$.#) b]lv @)&$.@.!(

;Dd ljleGg ljifosf] gjLs/0f, gofF lgj]bg, ;Demf}tf, sfo{qmd yk nufotsf nflu !#& lgj]bg
k/]sf]dWo] gofF ^& dfustf{nfO{ dg;fokq lbPsf] 5 eg] cGo lgj]bg ;DaGwdf lg0f{o u/]sf] b]lvPg .
6. z}lIfs k/fdz{ ;+:yf – z}lIfs k/fdz{ tyf efiff lzIf0f lgb]{lzsf, @)&# adf]lhd :jb]z tyf
ljb]zdf cWoog ug{ rfxg] ljBfyL{nfO{ ljifo, tx / lzIf0f ;+:yf 5gf}6 ug{, lzIf0f ;+:yfdf k|j]zsf
nflu tof/L ug{ k/fdz{ ;]jf lbg] Joj:yf 5 . o; sfo{sf nflu @)^( ;fnb]lv of] jif{;Dd @ xhf/
!)^ ;+:yfn] :jLs[ltsf nflu cfj]bg lbPsf]df ^## cfj]bg :jLs[ltsf] k|lqmofdf /x]sf] / of] jif{
gjLs/0fsf nflu $@& ;+:yfn] cfj]bg lbPsf]df gjLs/0f;DaGwL lg0f{o gePsf] b]lvG5 .
lgb]{lzsfsf] bkmf !# df ;+:yfsf] k|ultsf] cj:yf, ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/, ;+:yfn] lng] z'Ns,
kf/blz{tf, sfof{nosf] lgoldttf, ;]jfu|fxL;Fu u/]sf] ;Demf}tf tyf sfof{Gjog cj:yf / ;+:yfsf]
sfo{s'zntfsf] ljifodf dGqfnon] cg'udg ug]{ pNn]v ePsf]]df dGqfnoaf6 cg'udg tyf lgoGq0f
x'g;s]sf] kfOPg . To:tf ;+:yfsf] ;DaGwdf @! ph'/L k/]sf]df 5fglag u/L sfo{afxL ePsf] 5}g .
lgb]{lzsfsf] Joj:yf cg';f/ k|efjsf/L cg'udg lgoGq0f x'g'kb{5 .
7. 5fqj[lQ – 5fqj[lQ P]g, @)@! tyf ljb]zL lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] ;DaGwgdf pRr lzIff ;~rfng ug]{
;DaGwL-klxnf] ;+zf]wg_ lgb]{lzsf, @)%( adf]lhd lghL nufgLdf ;~rfng x'g] k|fljlws dxfljBfno
-sn]h÷SofDk;_ ;DaGwdf ag]sf] cfwf/e"t gLlt, @)^# df cg'dlt k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfn] :jb]zL
nufgLstf{ eP s"n Ifdtfsf] !) k|ltzt / ljb]zL nufgLstf{ eP @) k|ltzt l;6 5fqj[lQ g]kfn
;/sf/nfO{ pknAw u/fpg'kg]{ Joa:yf 5 . ;~rfngdf /x]sf lzIf0f ;+:yfx?dWo] lrlsT;f lzIffsf]
:gfts txafx]s O{lGhlgol/Ë, s[lif nufot cGo sfo{qmddf :gfts tyf :gftsf]Q/ / lrlsT;f
If]qsf] :gftsf]Q/ txdf 5fqj[lQ pknAw u/fPsf] b]lvPg . 5fqj[lQ ;DaGwdf ljut jif{b]lv
cf}+NofPsf]df ;'wf/ ePsf] 5}g . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f b]xfo adf]lhd 5gM
7.1. dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ @)&# b]lv @)&% cfiff9;Dd 5fqj[lQdf ( xhf/ $ ;o ljBfyL{
ljb]z cWoog ug{ uPsf] b]lvG5 . lrlsT;f lzIff;DaGwL ljifosf] cWoog ug{ ljb]z hfg] ljBfyL{nfO{
@)^@ b]lv sa'lnotgfdf u/fpg] u/]sf]n] cWoog ;dfKt u/L kms]{kl5 tL ljBfyL{n] k|ltj]bg lbg]
u/]sf] b]lvG5 eg] cGo ljifo cWoog ug]{ ljBfyL{n] dGqfnodf k|ltj]bg lbg] u/]sf] b]lvPg . cWoog
;dfKt u/L kms]{sf ljBfyL{af6 k|ltj]bg lnO{ sa'lnotgfdfadf]lhd ;]jf u/] gu/]sf] clen]v
/fVg'kb{5 .
7.2. 5fqj[lQ P]g tyf lgodfjnL adf]lhd 5fqj[lQ k|fKt JolQmn] cWoog ;dfKt u/]kl5 g]kfn ;/sf/ jf
;/sf/sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] ;+:Yffdf % jif{ ;]jf ug'{kg]{ sa'lnotgfdf u/] cg';f/ ;g\ @)!) b]lv
@)!@ ;Dd ?; nufot % b]zdf OlGhlgol/ªnufot ljifodf @% hgfn] cWoog ;dfKt u/L
kms]{sf]df sa'lnotgfdfadf]lhd ;]jf k|bfg u/]sf] b]lvPg . ctM P]g lgoddf ePsf]] Joj:yf
sfof{Gjog u/fpg'kb{5 .
8. cg'bfg lgsf;f M dGqfnon] ljZjljBfno cg'bfg cfof]u, k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tflnd
kl/ifb\, dl8sn sn]h k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ;ldlt nufotsf !! lgsfodf rfn'tkm{ ?=!) ca{ *% s/f]8
(! nfv tyf k'FhLuttkm{ ?=# ca{ *& s/f]8 &^ nfv;d]t ?=!$ ca{ &# s/f]8 ^& nfv ;zt{
cg'bfg pknAw u/fPsf]]df dGqfnon] cg'bfg;DaGwL gLlt th'{df u/]sf] 5}g .
cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod $!-#_ df cg'bfg lbPsf] /sdsf] cfoJoo
ljj/0f, k|ult ljj/0f, n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg k|fKt u/L cg'udg d"NofÍg ug]{ bfloTj ;DalGwt
dGqfnosf] x'g] Joj:yf 5 . cg'bfg /sdaf6 tL lgsfon] ;Dkfbg u/]sf sfdsf] ;DaGwdf
dGqfnoaf6 cg'udg gePsf] x'Fbf cg'udg d"NofÍg ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
8.1. cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod ## df dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] lk|mh gx'g] egL tf]s]sf]
afx]s cGo ;a} /sd vr{ gePsf]df lk|mh x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf ljk/Lt b]xfosf !! lgsfodf ;zt{ cg'bfg
:j?k uPsf] ?=# ca{ #& s/f]8 $) nfv %# xhf/ df}Hbft b]lvPsf]n] ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .

-?=xhf/df_
l;=g+ lgsfosf] gfd df}Hbft /sd
1. ljZjljBfno cg'bfg cfof]u 2,58,25,63
2. lq=lj=pRr ;'wf/ kl/of]hgf 1,58,10
3. v'nf ljZjljBfno 7,77,38
4. 8f=l8NnL/d0f sNof0fL /]UdL k':tsfno 7,70
5. zlxb k|lti7fg, g]kfn 4,62,82
6. k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tflnd kl/ifb\ 46,72,22
7. dgdf]xg kf]ln6]lSgs :d[lt k|lti7fg 5,59
8. d]l8sn sn]h k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f lj= ;ldlt 10,94,40
9. O{GhLlgol/u k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ;ldlt 37,75
10. dWo klZrdf~rn ljZjljBfno 5,00,00
11. g]kfn ;+:s[t ljZjljBfno 1,98,94
hDdf 3,37,40,53
8.2. lqe'jg ljZjljBfnonfO{ k'FhLut ?=#& s/f]8 !% nfv;d]t ?=^ ca{ #% s/f]8 *( nfv,sf7df8f}+
ljZjljBfnonfO{ ?=* s/f]8 / k"jf{~rn ljZjljBfnonfO{ ?=^ s/f]8 ;zt{ cg'bfg uPsf]df tL
lgsfodf art /sd olsg u/L ;l~rtsf]if bflvnf x'g'kb{5 .
8.3. dGqfnon] ;+:yf btf{ P]g, @)#$ adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] Ps u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{ 4G4 kLl8t kl/jf/
lzIff sfo{qmd cGt{ut ! xhf/ %)) ljBfyL{nfO{ lgz'Ns k7g kf7g, vfg] j:g] ;'ljwf cflb sfo{
ug{ rfn'tk{m ?=!! s/f]8 $& nfv *! xhf/ / k"+hLut tk{m ?=$ s/f]8 &# nfv *& xhf/ ;d]t ?
!^ s/f]8 @! nfv @* xhf/ cg'bfg lbPsf] 5 . cg'bfg ;DaGwL gLlt to gu/L u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{
ljBfno ;~rfng ug{ cg'bfg lbg' plrt xf]Og .
9. 5fqj[lQ lgsf;f – of] jif{ 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f ug{ a'9flgns07 :s"nnfO{ ?=% s/f]8 %) nfv, u08sL
af]l8{Ë :s"nnfO{ ?=! s/f]8 %) nfv / cGo @ ;+:yfnfO{ ?=!! nfv u/L ?=& s/f]8 !! nfv cg'bfg
lgsf;f lbPsf] 5 . dGqfnon] 5fqj[lQ cg'bfg ;DaGwdf gLlt th'{df gu/L k6s] lg0f{osf] cfwf/df
lgsf;f lbg] u/]sf] 5 . dGqfnon] k|bfg u/]sf] /sdaf6 tL laBfno÷;+:yfn] 5fqj[lQ lat/0f u/]
gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf cg'udg d"Nofsg u/]sf] b]lvPg .
10. 5fqf lzIff sf]if – ljlgof]lht ah]6af6 5fqf lzIff sf]if ;~rfng ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu @)^!.^@ b]lv
xfn;Dd lgsf;f lbPsf]] ?=$^ s/f]8 *^ nfv ^( xhf/ pQm sf]ifdf df}Hbft 5 . tTsfn sfo{ljlw
agfO{ sf]ifsf] /sd pkof]u ug{ ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltaf6 @)&@.!).@$ df lg0f{o ePtfklg sfo{ljlw
gagfPsf]n] vr{ ePsf]] 5}g . pQm /sd ;+lrtsf]if bflvnf ug'{kg]{ Joxf]/f ljut jif{b]lv cf}NofOb}
cfPsf]df l:ylt oyfjt 5 .
11. n]vfk/LIf0f – lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno / ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmdaLr k|fljlws
lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tflnd;DaGwL gLlt ;'wf/ ug]{ p2]Zon] cd]/LsL 8n/ %) nfv nfut x'g] u/L
@)&!.!@.!# df ePsf] ;Demf}tf adf]lhd sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf]df @)&&.)(.!^ ;Dd Dofb yk eO{
;~rfngdf /x]sf] 5 . utjif{ ;f]em} e'QmfgL x'g]u/L ?=# s/f]8 ljlgof]hg u/L jflif{s sfo{qmd tyf
cfly{s ljj/0fdf ;dfj]; eO{ ?=! s/f]8 &@ nfv ^% xhf/ vr{ u/]sf]df n]vfk/LIf0fsf] nflu ;|]:tf
k]; gePsf] Joxf]/f pNn]v u/]sf]df of] jif{ jflif{s ah]6 tyf sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z g} gu/L cd]/LsL
8n/ @ nfv @) xhf/ @#@ vr{ u/]sf] ljj/0f pknAw u/fPtfklg cfly{s ljj/0fdf ;dfj]z u/L
n]vfk/LIf0fsf] nflu k]; x'g cfPg .

lzIff tyf dfgj ;|f]t ljsf; s]Gb|
12. jflif{s nIo÷k|ult — ;fljs lzIff ljefusf] nflu of] jif{ ^ ah]6 pkzLif{sdf ?=#@ s/f]8 !! nfv
* xhf/ ah]6 Joj:yf ePsf]]df ?=!( s/f]8 *# nfv &$ xhf/ -^@ k|ltzt_ vr{ ePsf]] 5 . ;f]dWo]
sfo{qmd ah]6tkm{ % ah]6 pkzLif{sdf !$# lqmofsnfksf nflu ?=@$ s/f]8 (@ nfv &* xhf/
ljlgof]hg ePsf]]df !)@ lqmofsnfksf] nflu ?=!$ s/f]8 $% nfv &$ xhf/ -%* k|ltzt_ vr{
u/]sf] 5 . :jLs[t sfo{qmddWo] ?=% s/f]8 &( nfv &) xhf/sf] $! lqmofsnfk sfof{Gjog u/]sf]
kfOPg . s]Gb|Lo lgsfoaf6} sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog gug'{ plrt b]lvPg .
13. sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ;+oGq — ;+3Lotf sfof{Gjog ug]{ qmddf dGqfno tyf cGtu{tsf lgsfosf]
;+u7gfTds :j?kdf k]m/abn eO{ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txaf6 ljBfno If]q ljsf; sfo{qmd
sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . bft[ lgsfo;Fu ;f]wegf{df cfwfl/t ;Demf}tf u/]sf] / ;"rssf
!) j6} If]qdf pNn]v ePsf ;fna;fnL glthfx? k|fKt x'g] u/L sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] cfjZos
k|aGw ldnfpg] tyf :yfgLo txaf6 lzIff tyf dfgj ;|f]t ljsf; s]Gb|df vr{ tyf sfo{qmdsf] k|ult
;DaGwdf k|ltj]bg ug]{ k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yfkg ug'{ h?/L 5 . sfo{;~rfng / k|ult k|ltj]bgsf nflu
tLg txsf lgsfoaLr ;dGjo ug]{ plrt ;+oGqsf] kl/rfng ug'{kb{5 .
14. z}lIfs gS;fÍg — ;fd'bflos, lghL nufot ;a} k|sf/sf ljBfnox?sf] ;a} k|sf/sf ;"rgf, tYofÍ
tyf ljBfno /x]sf] :yfg ;d]t gS;fdf v'Ng] u/L lzIff tyf dfgj ;|f]t ljsf; s]Gb|df ef}uf]lns
;"rgf k|0ffnL ljsf; ug]{ sfo{qmd @)&).&! af6 z'? u/]sf] b]lvG5 . of] jif{ $ lqmofsnfksf] nflu
?=@& nfv *) xhf/ ah]6 Joj:yf ePsf]]df k/fdz{ ;]jfdf ?=* nfv &) xhf/ ;d]t ?=!) nfv ()
xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] 5 . pQm sfo{qmd of] jif{;Dd ;DkGg ePsf]] 5}g . k|To]s jif{ ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd
/fVg] / vr{ ug]{ u/]tfklg of] sfo{qmddf xfn;Dd ePsf]] vr{ / k|ultsf] PsLs[t clen]v /fv]sf]
gb]lvFbf pknlAwsf] l:ylt d"NofÍg ug{ ;lsPg .
15. k/fdz{ ;]jf — ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @( df ;DalGwt ;fj{hlgs lgsfodf pknAw
hgzlQmaf6 s'g} sfd x'g g;Sg] ePdf k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ s]Gb|af6
lgDg sfo{sf] nflu k/fdz{bftf lgo'lQm u/L ?=@ s/f]8 !! nfv ! xhf/ vr{ n]v]sf] 5 .
qm= vr{
sfo{qmd
;+= -?=xhf/df_
1 z}lIfs gS;fÍg;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{ 8,70
2 ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf pknAw 5fqj[lQ /sdsf] k|efjsfl/tf cWoog / ;'wf/sf If]qx? 14,68
klxrfg ug]{
3 ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf] ljQLo Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf cWoog ug]{ 11,57
4 ;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf lzIfs Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf cWoog ug]{ 13,63
5 cfof]hgf lx;fa -ljQLo ljj/0f_ tof/ ug]{ 4,41
6 rf}dfl;s / jflif{s l:ylt -k|ult_ ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ 9,29
7 e"sDkaf6 k|efljt ljBfnosf] /]S6«f]lkml6Ë ug{ 8«OË, l8hfOg / nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug]{ 1,48,73
hDdfM 2,11,01
15.1. pko'{QmdWo] 5fqj[lQsf] k|efjsfl/tf, ljQLo Joj:yfkg cWoog / lzIfs Joj:yfkg cWoog ug{ :jLs[t
sfo{ ljj/0fdf ;f] cWoogaf6 k|fKt x'g] pknlAw, k|ltj]bgsf] k|of]u / k|ltj]bgdf ;dfj]z x'g'kg]{ ljifox?
;DaGwdf :ki6 pNn]v u/]sf] b]lvPg . h;af6 k/fdz{bftfn] h] h:tf] k|ltj]bg lbPtfklg :jLsf/ ug'{kg]{
cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu 5fqj[lQ cWoog ;DaGwL sfo{ ljj/0fdf 5fqj[lQ ljt/0fsf] ljBdfg
Joj:yf kof{Kt eP gePsf], 5fqj[lQ /sd kof{Kt Pj+ ;dodf ljt/0f u/L ljBfyL{ nfeflGjt eP gePsf]]
h:tf ljifox? ;d]6]sf] b]lvPg . k/fdz{bftfn] k]; u/]sf] k|ltj]bg tYofÍdf cfwfl/t /x]sf] 5}g . To;
k|sf/sf] k|ltj]bgsf] pkof]lutf k'li6 x'g] cj:yf b]lvPg .
15.2. pko'{Qm ;a} vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] ;fwf/0f tyf ljz]if ;t{df k/fdz{bftf kmd{sf lj1 tyf sd{rf/Ln] sfd
u/]sf] cjlwsf] cfwf/df kfl/>lds tyf jf:tljs vr{sf] cfwf/df cGo vr{ ;f]wegf{ lbg] pNn]v 5 .
t/ ;Demf}tfsf] cg';"rLdf ljleGg r/0fsf k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePkl5 lglZrt k|ltzt e'QmfgL lbg] pNn]v
u/]sf] sf/0f vr{ k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhft a]u/ g} e'QmfgL lbPsf]] 5 . ;Demf}tfsf] ;t{ cg';f/
k/fdz{bftf lj1x?n] sfd u/]sf] cjlw k|dfl0ft x'g'kg]{ tyf cGo vr{sf lan e/kfO{ k|fKt u/L vr{
/sd olsg ug'{kb{5 .
ljQLo ljj/0f, k|ult ljj/0f tof/L h:tf sfo{ sfof{nosf hgzlQmaf6} x'g ;Sg]df k/fdz{
;]jf lnPsf]] pko'Qm b]lvPg .
16. 5fqj[lQ /sdsf] df}Hbft — sIff !! / !@ df cWoo/t @% lhNnfsf ljkGg ju{sf lj1fg ljifo
cWoog ug]{ 5fq5fqfnfO{ jflif{s ?=@$ xhf/ / cGo ljifo cWoog ug]{nfO{ ?=!* xhf/sf b/n]
5fqj[lQ k|bfg ug]{ sfo{qmdcg';f/ ljBfyL{ ljQLo ;xof]u sf]if ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f ug{
?=# s/f]8 ^ nfv / Joj:yfkg vr{ ?=$& nfv #) xhf/ ;d]t ?=# s/f]8 %# nfv #) xhf/ lgsf;f
lbPsf]] 5 . dGqfno, s]Gb| / ;ldltaLr ePsf]] ;Demf}tfdf vr{ geO{ afFsL /x]sf] /sd s]Gb|df lkmtf{
k7fpg'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . ;ldltnfO{ uPsf]] lgsf;fdWo] ?=($ nfv $ xhf/ vr{ geO{ afFsL /x]sf]n] ;f]
/sd ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf x'g'kb{5 .
17. ;+:yfut ljBfnosf] z'Ns cg'udg — lzIff P]g tyf lgodfjnLdf ;+:yfut -lghL_ ljBfnox?n]
ljBfyL{af6 lng] z'Ns ;DaGwdf s]Gb|nufotsf lgsfoaf6 cg'udg ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;+:yfut
ljBfnox?n] dgk/L z'Ns c;'n u/]sf]n] 5fglag tyf sf/afxL u/L z'Ns lkmtf{ ug{ ljleGg ljBfyL{
;+u7gn] dfu u/] cg';f/ dGqL:t/Lo lg0f{oaf6 dWodf~rn If]qLo lzIff lgb]{zgfnosf lgb]{zssf]
;+of]hsTjdf cleefjs tyf % ljBfyL{ ;+u7gsf k|ltlglw ;dfj]z u/L ;+:yfut ljBfno z'Ns
cg'udg sfo{bn u7g u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f] sfo{bnn] pkTosfsf !* ;+:yfut ljBfnon] lng] u/]sf
z'Ns ;DaGwdf cg'udg u/L @)&%.#.!( df k|ltj]bg k]; u/]sf] 5 .
sfo{bnsf] k|ltj]bgdf ljBfno z'Ns lgwf{/0f dfkb08 lgb]{lzsf, @)&@ df pNn]v ePsf]]eGbf
km/s zLif{sdf ;d]t z'Ns lng] u/]sf], z'Ns u0fgf ubf{ lzIff lgodfjnL, @)%( sf] cg';"rL @@ -v_ sf]
dfkb08 gckgfPsf], cfk'mv';L z'Nssf zLif{s /fv]sf], :yfgLo txaf6 z'Ns ;DaGwL :jLs[lt glnPsf],
z'Ns lgwf{/0fdf cleefjssf] kof{Kt ;xeflutf gePsf], lzIfs / sd{rf/LnfO{ Go"gtd ;'ljwf/kfl/>lds
pknAw gu/fPsf], lgodk"j{s 5fqj[lQ kfpg]sf] gfd 5gf}6 gePsf], nlIft ju{ g;d]6]sf], 5fqj[lQ g}
glbPsf], ;dfg k|s[ltsf] ljBfnosf] z'Ns km/s km/s /x]sf], ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ;DaGwL dfkb08 k'/f
gu/]sf], zf}rfno tyf efG5f3/ :jR5 ;kmf g/x]sf] h:tf s}lkmotx? cf}+NofPsf] kfOof] .
To:tf ljBfnox?nfO{ sf/afxL ug'{kg]{ nufot !@ j6f ;'emfpx? k]; u/]sf]df ;f]sf]
sfof{Gjog ePsf]] kfOPg . dGqfno4f/f hf/L dfkb08, lgb]{lzsf, lgodfjnL ljk/Lt sfo{ ug]{
ljBfnonfO{ sf/afxL x'g'kb{5 .
18. lzIfs b/aGbL k'glj{t/0f — g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ cg';f/ /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf ePkl5 sfod tLg
tx / If]q, clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8sf] cj:yf, ljBdfg lzIfs b/aGbLsf] c;dfg ljt/0fsf] cj:yf /
k'glj{t/0fsf] cfjZostfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L dlGqkl/ifb\sf] @)&%.#.$ sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/sf
k'j{ ;lrjsf] ;+of]hsTjdf ( ;b:oLo sfo{bn u7g ePsf] / ;f] sfo{bnn] @)&%.%.@( df k|ltj]bg
k]; u/]sf] 5 . ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf lzIfsx?sf] tnaL k|ltj]bg @)&$ cg';f/ sIff ! b]lv !@
;Ddsf] nflu /fxt b/aGbLsf ;d]t ! nfv %! xhf/ &$* lzIfs sfo{/t /x]sf] / @)&% sf] km\nf;
! k|ltj]bg tyf /fli6«o k/LIffaf]8{sf] @)&$ sf] k|ltj]bg cg';f/ sIff ! b]lv !@ ;Dd %# nfv $*
xhf/ %@@ ljBfyL{ cWoog/t /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f] cg';f/ lzIfs ljBfyL{ cg'kft k|b]zut tyf ef}uf]lns
If]qut ?kdf lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5 .

lzIfs ljBfyL{ cg'kftM
sIff ! –% sIff ^–* sIff (–!) sIff !! / !@
k|b]z lzIfs k|lt lzIfs k|lt lzIfs k|lt lzIfs k|lt
ljBfyL{ ljBfyL{ ljBfyL{ ljBfyL{
b/aGbL lzIfs b/aGbL lzIfs b/aGbL lzIfs b/aGbL lzIfs
;+:yf ;+:yf ;+:yf ;+:yf
;+:yf ljBfyL+ ;+:yf ljBfyL+ ;+:yf ljBfyL+ ;+:yf ljBfyL+
! 19902 383391 19.26 5363 220271 41.07 3801 139904 36.81 1014 126819 ^(=@&
@ 12834 584467 45.54 2629 206171 78.42 2169 117773 54.3 598 95865 **=&*
# 19640 353695 18.01 5464 213823 39.13 4273 132108 30.92 1146 109526 %@=(#
u08sL 15010 188633 12.57 4013 137916 34.37 3231 86022 26.62 892 75983 $&=!*
% 14643 469718 32.08 3517 242197 68.86 2733 125407 45.89 739 99587 &$=^#
s0ff{nL 8302 277276 33.4 1920 133703 69.64 1304 73720 56.53 600 44405 $)=((
;'b"/ 10354 333869 32.25 2781 185601 66.74 2006 96277 47.99 870 94394 ^)=)(
klZrd
hDdfM 100685 2591049 25.73 25687 1339682 52.15 19517 771211 39.51 5859 646580 ^!=!@
ef}uf]lns If]qcg';f/ lzIfs ljBfyL{ cg'kftM

sIff !–% sIff ^–* sIff (–!)
k|b]z
lxdfn kxf8 t/fO{ lxdfn kxf8 t/fO{ lxdfn kxf8 t/fO{
! 15.6 16.3 22.3 35.6 40.3 41.6 27.3 33.2 42.2
@ - - 44.1 - - 106.4 - - 74.0
# 17.0 19.4 14.0 45.4 47.4 27.2 31.8 38.0 23.0
u08sL 3.1 12.2 23.1 4.1 38.3 47.0 5.4 28.4 42.8
% - 22.0 32.7 - 48.9 73.2 - 30.1 51.6
s0ff{nL 29.7 29.2 - 52.8 73.2 - 43.7 59.0 -
;'b"/
klZrd 25.3 28.9 34.9 49.1 52.0 101.2 34.1 34.7 68.5
hDdf 20.7 19.6 31.7 43.9 47.2 64.1 32.7 35.0 48.7
dfWolds / lgDg dfWolds txdf sfo{/t k|d'v # ljifosf lzIfssf] ljj/0fM
qm=; ljj/0f dfWolds tx lgDg dfWolds tx
1 ul0ft, lj1fg / cª\u|]hLlzIfs -;f]xL tx / b/aGbL sfo{/t_ 71 333
2 ul0ft / lj1fg lzIfs -;f]xL tx / b/aGbL sfo{/t_ 1058 1921
3 ul0ft / cª\u|]hL lzIfs -;f]xL tx / b/aGbLdf sfo{/t_ 102 382
4 lj1fg / cª\u|]hL lzIfs -;f]xL tx / b/aGbLdf sfo{/t_ 104 311
5 ul0ft lzIfs ;f]xL -tx / b/aGbLdf sfo{/t_ 1602 2061
6 lj1fg lzIfs -;f]xL tx / b/aGbLdf sfo{/t_ 1210 1415
7 cª\u|]hL lzIfs -;f]xL tx / b/aGbLdf sfo{/t_ 2354 3436
hDdfM 6501 9859
plNnlvt tflnsf cg';f/ lzIfs b/aGbL ljt/0f cj:yf c;dfg /x]sf], cfwf/e't tx
;~rfng ePsf @ xhf/ !@$ ljBfnodf Pp6fklg b/aGbL g/x]sf], cfwf/e"t txdf #^ xhf/ #*#
lzIfs b/aGbL a9L /x]sf], lgDg dfWolds txdf @% xhf/ $@% / dfWolds txdf @# xhf/ &$$
b/aGbL gk'u x'g] b]lvPsf], k|d'v # ljifos} ljifout lzIfs sfo{/t dfWolds ljBfno ;+Vof &! /
lgDg dfWolds ljBfno ;+Vof ### /x]sf] h:tf cj:yf b]lvG5 . sfo{bnn] ;dGofosf lx;fjn] lzIfs
b/jlGbsf] k'g{ljt/0f ug'{kg]{, cfwf/e"t txdf ax'sIff lzIf0f l;sfO{ ljlw nfu" ug'{kg]{ nufotsf @#
;'emfjx? k]; u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm k|ltj]bg cWoog ljZn]if0f u/L pko'Qm ;'emfp sfof{Gjog ug{
kxn ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
19. 6]ln;]G6/ lgdf{0f — z}lIfs hgzlQm ljsf; s]Gb| ;fgf]l7dL eQmk'/df 6]ln;]G6/ -/]sl8{Ë :6'l8of]_
tof/ ug{ hUuf ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0fdf ?=! s/f]8 %) nfv ^! xhf/, kmlg{r/ tyf kmlg{l;Ëdf
?=@( nfv @* xhf/ / pks/0f vl/bdf ?=! s/f]8 !) nfv ^) xhf/ ;d]t s'n ?=@ s/f]8 () nfv
$( xhf/ vr{ ePsf] 5 . ejg lgdf{0f sfo{ @)&$ efb|df ;dfKt u/L x:tfGt/0f u/]sf]df @)&%

sflt{sdf cjnf]sg ubf{ :6"l8of] sIf -# sf]7f_ df kfgL r'lxPsf] sf/0f :6"l8of] ;~rfng gePsf] /
pQm :6'l8of]df /x]sf pks/0fx? ;d]t lju|g ;Sg] cj:yf b]lvPsf] 5 . ejg lgdf{0f sfo{sf] u'0f:t/
tyf :6"l8of]df /x]sf pks/0fx?sf] ;+/If0f gx'g] cj:yf l;h{gf ePsf]] ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt
lzIfs ;]jf cfof]u
;fd'bflos ljBfnosf lzIfssf] :yfoL lgo'lQm tyf a9'jfsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{, cWofkg cg'dltkq
k|bfg ug]{, lzIfssf] ;]jf ;t{ ;'ljwf ;DaGwdf ;'emfp lbg] nufot sfo{sf] nflu lzIff P]g, @)@* adf]lhd
@)%*.!!.@% df cfof]usf] u7g ePsf]] b]lvG5 .
20. sfo{;Dkfbg l:ylt — cWofkg cg'dltkq hf/L ug]{, lzIfs lgo'lQmsf] nflu b/vf:t ;Íng ug]{,
k/LIff ;~rfng ug]{, sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg tyf lg0f{o ug]{ nufot !# sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ?=!&
s/f]8 !( nfv $% xhf/ ;d]t ?=!( s/f]8 %) nfv %^ xhf/ ljlgof]hg ePsf]]df sfo{qmdtkm{ ?=^
s/f]8 #) nfv #& xhf/ -#& k|ltzt_ ;d]t s'n ?=* s/f]8 %@ nfv &) xhf/ -$$ k|ltzt_ vr{
u/]sf] 5 .
cfof]uaf6 of] jif{ ;Lldt k|lt:kwf{ -c:yfoL lzIfs dfq ;xefuL x'g kfpg]_ tkm{ @@ xhf/
&^ kbsf] nflu lj1fkg u/]sf]df @@ xhf/ &#! b/vf:t ;Íng u/]sf], pQm lj1fkgsf] lnlvt k/LIff
;~rfng u/L !% xhf/ @*@ k/LIffyL{ cGt/jftf{sf] nflu 5gf}6 ePsf]] b]lvG5 . o:t} sfo{;Dkfbg
tkm{ # xhf/ ^)) hgfsf] d"NofÍg u/L ^(! hgfnfO{ a9'jf l;kmfl/; u/]sf], cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutftkm{
# xhf/ $&) hgf k/LIffdf ;xefuL ePsf]]df @#$ hgfnfO{ a9'jf l;kmfl/; u/]sf] / cWofkg
cg'dltkqtkm{ @@ xhf/ (*^ hgf k/LIffdf ;xefuL ePsf]]df (%$ hgf pQL0f{ eO{ $(# cg'dltkq
hf/L u/]sf] 5 .
cfof]un] v'nf, cfGtl/s k|lt:kwf{ tyf a9'jf ;DaGwL sfo{ ug{ jflif{s Sofn]08/ tyf sfo{
tflnsf tof/ u/L nfu" u/]sf] 5}g . cfof]uaf6 jif{e/L ul/g] sfo{sf] nflu jflif{s Sofn]08/ tyf sfo{
tflnsf agfO{ nfu" ug'{kb{5 .
21. pQ/k'l:tsf df}Hbft — ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf $ df vl/b ul/g] dfn;dfgsf]
cfjZoQmf lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . cfof]udf d'n !# nfv !^ xhf/ &^$ / yk ( nfv & xhf/
#&) ;d]t @@ nfv @$ xhf/ !#$ yfg pQ/k'l:tsf ut jif{sf] df}Hbft /x]sf]df of] jif{ d'n @ nfv
$ xhf/ / yk &% xhf/ ;d]t @ nfv &( xhf/ pQ/k'l:tsf 5kfO{ u/L ?=!$ nfv *@ xhf/ vr{
u/]sf] 5 . s'n @% nfv # xhf/ !#$ yfg pQ/k'l:tsfdWo] of] jif{ d'n / yk u/L ! nfv ^ xhf/
%%) -s'n df}Hbftsf] $=@% k|ltzt_ vkt eO{ @# nfv (^ xhf/ %*$ yfg -(%=&% k|ltzt_
df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 . pQ/k'l:tsfsf] cj:yf ef}lts k/LIf0f ubf{ lau|Fb} uPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . ut jif{sf]
df}Hbft ;d]tnfO{ Wofg lbO{ cfjZos pQ/k'l:tsf dfq 5kfO{ ug]{ / df}Hbftdf /x]sf] pQ/k'l:ytsf
k|of]udf cfpg] u/L ;+/If0fsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
Jofj;flos lzIff tyf tflnd clej[l4 kl/of]hgf
g]kfndf Jofj;flos lzIff / tflnd k4ltnfO{ ;'b[9 agfpg] / ahf/d'vL tflnddf ;dtfd'ns kx'Fr
a9fpg] p2]Zon] g]kfn ;/sf/ / ljZj a}saLr @)&$.!).& df ;Demf}tf eO{ of] kl/of]hgf ;~rfng ePsf] 5 .
ljZj a}saf6 P;=8L=cf/=$ s/f]8 @& nfv C0f pknAw x'g] / kl/of]hgf cjlw !% h'nfO{ @)@@ ;Dd /x]sf] 5 .
of] jif{ ?= $* s/f]8 !) nfv %! xhf/ ljlgof]hg ePsf]df ?=@( s/f]8 !) nfv !$ xhf/ -^)=$( k|ltzt_ vr{
u/L ^!=)( k|ltzt ef}lts k|ult ePsf] pNn]v 5 .
22. tflnd ;~rfng – pkTosf aflx/ 5f]6f] cjlw -# dlxgf_ sf] tflnd k|bfg ug{ !@ xhf/ $) hgfnfO{
jf]nkqaf6 5gf}6 ePsf $$ ;+:yf;Fu @^ dfr{ @)!* b]lv @^ h'g @)!* ;Dd ;DkGg ug]{u/L ?=%@
s/f]8 ^$ nfv $# xhf/sf] ;Demf}tf ePsf]df @^ Kofs]hsf] tflnd ;DkGg u/L ?=!& s/f]8 %^ nfv
(% xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . t/ !* Kofs]hn] Dofbleq tflnd z'? g} u/]sf] b]lvPg .

To;}u/L pkTosfleq ;f]xL lsl;dsf] tflnd $ xhf/ hgfnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ / * clk|n @)!*
b]lv * h'nfO{ @)!* ;Dd ;DkGg ug{ $& ;+:yf;Fu ? 21 s/f]8 14 nfv 74 xhf/sf] ;Demf}tf
u/]sf]df Dofb ;dfKt eO;Sbf klg $@ ;+:yfn] tflnd z'? u/L k|yd ls:tf !) k|ltztn] x'g cfpg]
?=@ s/f]8 ($ nfv (^ xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 eg] % ;+:yfn] tflnd z'? u/]sf] b]lvPg . ;Demf}tf
adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{kb{5 .
23. ;Lk k/LIf0f – cgf}krf/Ls ?kdf ;Lk l;s]sf ljleGg JolQmsf] ;Lk k/LIf0f ug{ /fli6«o ;Lk k/LIf0f
;ldltnfO{ ?=@ s/f]8 (# nfv #& xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf]df ;ldlt;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tf adf]lhd lgj]bg
z'Ns, /lhi6«]zg z'Ns, ljljw / k|df0fkq ;lxtsf] ?=$)).– afx]s ;a} nfut cfof]hgfn] Joxf]g]{ u/L
;Demf}tf ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;Lk k/LIf0f ug{ rfxg] JolQmaf6 cfj]bg dfu ePsf] Ps /fli6«o b}lgsdf
@)&$.*.!@ df k|sflzt ;"rgfdf Ao'l6l;ogtkm{ k/LIf0fsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;fdfg ;xefuL cfkm}n]
Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . pQm e'QmfgLdf ;Demf}tf adf]lhd tx ! / @ sf] nflu ;Dk"0f{ ;fdu|Lsf]
?=(@ nfv !# xhf/ ;d]t ;dfj]z 5 . ctM ;Lk k/LIf0fsf] nflu cfjZos ;Dk"0f{ ;fdu|Lsf] nfut
kl/of]hgfaf6 e'QmfgL ePsf]df Ao'6Ll;ogtkm{ tx ! sf #(( ;xefuLsf] ?=**) sf] b/n] ?=# nfv %!
xhf/ / tx @ sf] %@( ;xefuLsf] ?=! xhf/ $^) sf] b/n] ?=& nfv &@ xhf/ u/L hDdf ?=!! nfv
@# xhf/ ;xefuL :jo+n] Joxf]/]sf] cj:yfdf kl/of]hgfaf6 ;d]t e'QmfgL ePsf]n] bf]xf]/f] vr{ ug{ ldNg]
b]lvFb}g .
k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no
24. dfWolds lzIff k/LIff – sfof{non] sIff !) sf] cWoog ;DkGg u/]sf ljBfyL{sf] nflu @)&@ b]lv
dfWolds lzIff k/LIff -P;=O{=O{=_ ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . z}lIfs jif{ @)&# / @)&$ sf]
P;=O{=O{=k/LIffdf lgoldttk{m qmdzM $ nfv $% xhf/ %^$ / $ nfv ^^ xhf/ (!! k/LIffyL{
;dfj]z ePsf]df glthf l:ylt lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5M
u|]8 z}lIfs ;q @)&# -k/LIffyL{ ;+Vof z}lIfs ;q @)&$ -k/LIffyL{ ;+Vof
;/sf/L ;+:yfut ;/sf/L ;+:yfut
@)&#.&$ @)&$.&% ljBfno ljBfno hDdf ljBfno ljBfno hDdf
lh=lk=P= #=^%—$)) 3.6-4.0 1,164 11,120 12,284 2,815 15,869 18,684
lh=lk=P= #=@%—#=^) 3.2-3.6 6,361 36,066 42,427 10,986 38,529 49,515
lh=lk=P= @=*%—#=@) 2.8-3.2 17,215 33,431 50,646 26,030 34,350 60,380
lh=lk=P= @=$%—@=*) 2.4-2.8 41,466 20,489 61,955 57,135 19,973 77,108
lh=lk=P= @=)%—@=$) 2.0-2.4 81,764 9,550 91,314 98,869 7,946 1,06,815
lh=lk=P= )—@=) 0.8-2.0 1,79,432 4,909 1,84,341 1,47,869 3,329 1,51,198
hDdfM 3,27,402 1,15,565 4,42,967 3,43,704 1,19,996 4,63,700
plNnlvt ljj/0f cg';f/ ;fd'bflos ljBfnotkm{sf] glthf sdhf]/ b]lvPsf]] 5 . ef}lts
k"jf{wf/, lzIfssf] tna eQf tyf z}lIfs If]qdf nufgLsf] cg'kftdf ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf] z}lIfs
u'0f:t/ ;+:yfut ljBfnosf] t'ngfdf Go"g /x]sf] ;Gbe{df ;f]sf] d"NofÍg u/L ;'wf/ ug]{tkm{ Wofg
lbg'kb{5 . o;;DaGwL Joxf]/f ut jif{ klg pNn]v ul/Psf]df To;tk{m s'g} cWoog eP u/]sf] b]lvPg .
lzIff ljsf; tyf ;dGjo OsfO{x?
25. ejg tyf cGo lgdf{0f — sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog k'l:tsf, @)&$.&% cg';f/ lgdf{0f sfo{ ;dodf g}
;DkGg ug{ ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt;+u k|yd rf}dfl;sdf ;Demf}tf / h]i7 d;fGtdf sfo{ ;DkGg
ul/;Sg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ ljBfnonfO{ ejg lgdf{0ftk{m &# lhNnfn] pknAw u/fPsf] ?=# ca{ (*
s/f]8 (@ nfvsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf]] 5}g . To;}u/L 5fqf zf}rfnotk{m ?=*$ s/f]8 #! nfv @
xhf/ / dd{ttk{m ?=@& s/f]8 !& nfv %% xhf/;d]t ?=% ca{ !) s/f]8 $) nfv $$ xhf/sf] sfo{
;DkGg u/]sf] b]lvPg . ctM lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd sflt{s d;fGt;Dd ;Demf}tf u/L h]i7 d;fGt;Dd sfo{
;DkGg ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 . ;dodf sfo{ ;DkGg gug]{nfO{ cg'bfg glbg] u/L Joj:yfkg
ug'{kb{5 .
sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog k'l:tsf cg';f/ k':tsfno Joj:yfsf nflu $^ lhNnfsf &)&
ljBfnonfO{ ?=$# s/f]8 !& nfv #) xhf/ / sDKo'6/ Nofa Joj:yfkgsf] nflu *@& ljBfnonfO{
?=$$ s/f]8 @& nfv cg'bfg lgsf;f lbPsf]]df nIo adf]lhd sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf]] k'i6\ofO{ x'g]
cg'udg k|ltj]bg k]; x'g'kb{5 .
26. lgsf;f /f]Ssf s]Gb|4f/f hf/L sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog k'l:tsf, @)&$.&% df of] jif{sf] nflu lgsf;f
ePsf /sdx? o;} jif{ vr{ ug]{ pNn]v 5 . ;f] cg';f/ ;fd'bflos ljBfnox?df lgsf;f uPsf]] /sd
df}Hbft /fvL cfufdL jif{ vr{ ug{ ldNg] b]lvFb}g . n]vfk/LIf0fsf] qmddf lzIff ljsf; tyf ;dGjo
OsfO{ bf]nvf, /f}tx6, afFs], /f]Nkf / :ofª\hfn] ejg tyf k':tsfno :yfkgf;DaGwL sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ug{ lgsf;f lbPsf]] /sd ;DalGwt ljBfnon] vr{ ug{ /f]s nufO{ ?=#@ s/f]8 $ nfv !& xhf/ /f]Ssf
ug{ a}ÍnfO{ kqfrf/ u/]sf] b]lvPsf]] 5 . rfn' jif{ vr{ x'g g;Sg] cj:yfdf ljBfnonfO{ lgsf;f g}
ug{ gx'g]df cfly{s jif{sf] cGtdf lgsf;f lbO{ /f]Ssf /fVg cfb]z lbg] kbflwsf/LnfO{ sf/afxL u/L
vr{ geO{ afFsL /x]sf] /sd ;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf x'g'kb{5 .
lzIff ljsf; tyf ;dGjo OsfO{, wgs'6fn] lgb]{lzsfdf pNn]v ePcg';f/ ;dod} ljBfno
5gf}6 / ;Demf}tf gu/L sfd z'? g} gu/]sf !#! ljBfnonfO{ @)&%.#.@* df Psd'i6 ?=& s/f]8 $$
nfv !) xhf/ lgsf;f lbO{ ;f]xL ldltdf /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+s, wgs'6fnfO{ kqfrf/ u/L lgsf;f /f]Ssf
/fv]sf] 5 . ;dodf ljBfno 5gf}6 gug]{, ljBfnonfO{ ;'lrt gug]{, ;Demf}tf gug]{ / cfiff9 clGtddf
Psd'i6 lgsf;f lbO{ lgsf;f /sd /f]Ssf /fVg] sfo{df ;+nUg kbflwsf/LnfO{ sf/afxL x'g'kb{5 .
27. k|f}9 sIffnfO{ cg'bfg — sfo{qmd sfof{Gaog lgb]{lzsf, @)&$÷&% cg';f/ cgf}krf/Ls k|f}9 sIff
ljBfno -sIff (–!)_ x?nfO{ cg'bfg lgsf;f ug'{ eGbf klxn] g} ;DalGwt lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L jf
ljBfno lg/LIfsaf6 :ynut lgl/If0f u/L tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] ljBfyL{ ;ªVof lgoldt ?kdf
cWoog/t ePdf dfq lgsf;f lbg] Joa:yf 5 . tf]lsPsf] ;+Vofsf ljwfyL{ lgoldt ?kdf cWoog/t
eP gePsf] cWoog g} gu/L lzIff ljsf; tyf ;dGjo OsfO{, sf7df8f}+n] #& laBfnonfO{ ?=! s/f]8
@ nfv @@ xhf/ lgsf;f lbPsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ pQm
Joj:yf ljk/Lt lgsf;f ePsf] /sd ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf x'g'kb{5 .
28. dd{t ;Def/ lgsf;f — sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog lgb]{lzsf @)&$.&% cg';f/ ljBfnosf] dd{t ;Def/ ug{
k|ltsIff sf]7f clwstd ?=%) xhf/ pknAw u/fpg ;lsg], ljBfnon] s'n nfutsf] slDtdf %)
k|ltzt >dbfg h'6fpg'kg]{ / k|lt ljBfno a9Ldf $ sIff sf]7fsf] nflu ?=@ nfv;Dd cg'bfg lbg]
Joj:yf 5 . lzIff ljsf; tyf ;dGjo OsfO{, sf7df8f}+n] ;fljs lzIff ljefusf] OlGhlgo/åf/f
x:tfIfl/t @)&%.#.@( sf] kqaf6 lgb]{lzsf ljk/Lt x'g] u/L sf7df8f}s
F f] Ps ljBfnonfO{ @)&%.#.@&
df ?=#) nfv lgsf;f lbPsf]] 5 . sfo{qmd ;+zf]wg tyf ljefuLo lg0f{o a]u/ Ps sd{rf/Ln] kq
k7fPsf] cfwf/df lgsf;f u/]sf] pQm /sd ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
29. u'0f:t/ ;'wf/ / Joj:yfkg M gd"gf ljBfno Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsf, @)&$ cg'?k u'?of]hgf lgdf{0f
u/L :jLs[t u/fpg] / :jLs[t u'?of]hgfsf cfwf/df /sd lgsf;f ug]{ Joj:yf /x]sf]df
u'?of]hgf:jLs[t eO{ sfof{Gjogdf gcfP;Dd lgsf;f glbg] Joj:yf 5 . $^ lhNnfsf (*
ljBfnonfO{ ?=* s/f]8 ^% nfv ^) xhf/ u'?of]hgf tof/ ug{ tyf Go"gtd ;'ljwf nufot u'0f:t/
Joj:yfkg ;d]tdf cg'bfg lbPsf]]df ;DalGwt ljBfnoaf6 lgb]{lzsfsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd u'?of]hgf
tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog ePsf]] k|df0f tyf cg'udg k|ltj]bg k]; x'g'kb{5 .
30. lbjf vfhf M ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf ljBfyL{x?sf nflu lbjf vfhf sfo{qmd ;~rfng sfo{ljlw, @)&#
tyf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog lgb]{lzsfcg';f/ tf]lsPsf !$ lhNnfsf ;a} / cGo lhNnfsf nlIft ;d"xsf
afnaflnsfnfO{ k|ltlbg ?=!%.— sf b/n] !*) lbgsf] nflu lbjf vfhf pknAw u/fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
tf]lsPsf !$ afx]s /fd]5fk, cf]vn9'Ëf, nlntk'/ nufot ( lhNnfsf ljBfnonfO{ lgsf;f lbPsf]]
?=$ s/f]8 @* nfv lgod;Ddt b]lvPg . pQm lgsf;faf6 ePsf]] vr{ ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L olsg
ug'{kb{5 .

lzIff ljsf; tyf ;dGjo O{sfO{ emfkfn] nlIft ;d"xsf ljBfyL{nfO{ dfq lbjf vfhfsf] /sd
lbg'kg]{df lhNnfsf ;a} #!# k|fylds ljBfnosf s'n !# xhf/ *^! ljBfyL{sf] nflu ?=@ xhf/ &))
sf] b/n] ?=# s/f]8 &$ nfv @% xhf/ &)) lgsf;f lbPsf] 5 . lgb]{lzsf ljk/Lt lgsf;f ePsf]]
/sd olsg u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
31. lzIf0f l;sfO tyf k|f]T;fxg cg'bfg M sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog k'l:tsf cg';f/ cfwf/e't tyf dfWolds
txsf] tf]lsPsf]] sIffdf ul0ft, lj1fg tyf c+u|hL lzIfs gePsf ljBfnonfO{ ljBfyL{ ;+Vofsf]
cfwf/df lzIf0f l;sfO{ ;xof]u cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf 5 . jiff{Gt;Dd lzIfs lgo'Qm
gePsf]df ef]hk'/, cf]vn9'Ëf nufot * lhNnfsf @%* ljBfnonfO{ ?=& s/f]8 %) nfv ^% xhf/
pknAw u/fPsf]] lgod;Ddt b]lvPg . o:t} lzIff ljsf; tyf ;dGjo OsfO{, pbok'/n] cg'bfg
lbgkg]{ cfwf/ k"/f ePsf] olsg gu/L !$( ljBfnodf pQm # ljifosf lzIfs z'Go /x]sf] pNn]v u/L
?=# s/f]8 %) nfv (( xhf/ lgsf;f lbPsf] 5 . cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg gkg]{ ljBfnosf] olsg u/L
gkfpg] lgsf;f /sd lkmtf{ x'g'kb{5 .
sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd sIff !) ;Dd ;+rflnt ! xhf/ eGbf a9L ljBfyL{
ePsf ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf nflu ?=!) nfv k|f]T;fxg cg'bfg lbg] Joj:yf cg';f/ lzIff ljsf;
tyf ;dGjo OsfO{, af/fn] @& ljBfnonfO{ ?=@ s/f]8 &) nfv lgsf;f lbPsf] b]lvof] . ˆNof;
k|ltj]bg cg';f/ # ljBfnodf Ps xhf/eGbf sd ljBfyL{ ;+Vof ePsf]]df a9L ljBfyL{ ;+Vof pNn]v
u/L lgsf;f lbPsf] ?=#) nfv 5fglag u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
32. 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f — ljBfno 5fqj[lQ Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsf, @)&$ tyf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog k'l:tsf
@)&$.&% df cg'dlt tyf :jLs[lt k|fKt ;a} ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf sIff !) ;Ddsf ljBfyL{nfO{
5fqj[lQsf] nflu lgsf;f lbg] / lgwf{l/t ;doleq 5fqj[lQ ljt/0fsf] ;'lglZrt ug{ ljleGg ;+oGqaf6
cg'udg ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ !# lhNnfsf #&( ljBfnon] 5fqj[lQ ljt/0fsf] e/kfO{ a]u/ ?=!
s/f]8 *& nfv (# xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf / @$! ljBfnon] ?=$ s/f]8 &% nfv *% xhf/ 5fqj[lQ
ljt/0f u/]sf]df cg'udg k|ltj]bg ;+nUg 5}g . 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f ePsf] ;'lglZrt x'g'kb{5 .
lzIffsf nflu vfB sfo{qmd
33. j:t'ut cg'bfg – ljZj vfB sfo{qmd cGt{ut c5fd lhNnfsf] nflu j:t'ut cg'bfgtkm{ ljlgof]lht
?=$ s/f]8 (# nfv * xhf/dWo] ?=# s/f]8 &% nfv $* xhf/ -&^=!% k|ltzt_ vr{ ePsf]] 5 .
cfof]hgfaf6 @)&$ kf}if dlxgfdf vfBfGg pknAw gePsf] / @)&$ df3b]lv k|ltljBfyL{ %) k|ltzt
dfq vfBfGg cfk"lt{ ePsf]] sf/0f o; sfo{qmdaf6 k|fKt x'g] lbjf vfhfaf6 ljBfyL{x? cf+lzs ?kdf
jl~rt ePsf] b]lvof] . k|efjsf/L 9Ën] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog x'g'kb{5 .
34. 36L df}Hbft – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod $& adf]lhd sfof{nodf s'g} k|sf/n]
x:tfGt/0f eO{ jf a:t'ut ;xfotf jf cGo s'g} k|sf/af6 k|fKt lhG;L dfn;fdfgsf] ;|]:tf cBfjlws
u/L /fVg'kg]{ Joa:yf 5 . pQm sfo{qmdsf] d+un;]g c5fdl:yt d'Vo uf]bfddf /x]sf] vfBfGgsf]
df}Hbft ;DaGwdf ;+ro clws[t / OsfO{ k|d'vsf] /f]xj/df @)&%.%.!! df :ynut cjnf]sg ubf{
lhG;L vftfdf plNnlvt df}HbfteGbf ?=#@ nfv ^) xhf/ d'Nosf t]n $=)#& d]=6g, rfdn ##=!&*
d]=6g, bfn *=##^ d]=6g / g'g *=$!) d]6g sd b]lvPsf] 5 . df}Hbft 36L ePsf] ;DaGwdf 5fglag
u/L pQm /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno
lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] If]qdf lqmofzLn ;a} lgsfoaLr ;dGjo Nofpg / ;f] ;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx?nfO{
k|efjsf/L ?kdf cl3 a9fpg lj=;+=@)%#.@.@ df o; dGqfnosf] u7g ePsf]df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] @)&$.!!.!! sf]
lg0f{oaf6 lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfnosf] ?kdf ?kfGt/0f ePsf] 5 .
35. gLlt sfof{Gjog – rf}wf} of]hgfdf plNnlvt gLlt adf]lhd sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{kg]{df gLlt lgDg
sfof{Gjog ePsf] b]lvPgM
35.1. h}ljs k|ljlwsf] cg';Gwfg, ljsf; / Jofj;foLs/0fsf nflu sfof{Gjogsf/L låkIfLo / jx'kIfLo
sfo{;+/rgf l;h{gf ug]{, h}ljs k|ljlwo'Qm pTkfbgx?sf] 9'jfgL, k}7f/L tyf lgsf;Lsf] nflu Psåf/
k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf ug{], k|of]ul;4 e};s]sf k|ljlwx?sf] k|j4{g ug]{ h}ljs u|fdsf] cjwf/0ff nfu' ug]{,
h}ljs k|ljlwsf] cg';Gwfg / ljsf;nfO{ k|j4{g ug{ /fli6«o:t/df Pp6f sf]if :yfkgf ug]{ / jg,
s[lifhGo tyf cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgsf nflu k|of]uzfnfaf6 ljsl;t k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f ug]{ / ;+s6fkGg
jGohGt' tyf jg:kltsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ gLlt /x]sf]df ;a}h;f] k|fjwfg sfof{Gjog gx'Fbf h}ljs
k|ljlwsf] ljsf;af6 lng;Sg] nfe k|fKt x'g;s]sf] b]lvPg .
35.2. lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] ljsf;4f/f u/LjL lgaf/0f sfo{qmdnfO{ ;xof]u k'Mofpg], b]zsf] pTkfbg tyf
pTkfbsTj j9fpg lj1fg k|ljlwnfO{ z;Qm ;fwgsf] ?kdf pkof]u ug]{, lgsfl;of]Uo j:t'sf] pTkfbgnfO{
a9fjf lbO{ cfoft k|lt:yfkg ug]{, k|ljlwsf] ljsf; u|fdL0f :t/;Dd k'¥ofpg lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf]
;d'lrt ljsf; tyf k|of]u ug]{ sfo{ k|efjsf/L / k|fyldstf ;fy sfof{Gjog ePsf]] b]lvPg .
35.3. k/df0f' phf{sf] ljsf; Pj+ k|of]u ubf{ kf/df0fljs gLltcg'?k cGt/fli6«o :t/sf ;'/Iffsf pkfox?nfO{
cjnDjg ug]{, k|s[lt;+u ;fdfGh:otf /fvL jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ng sfod /fVg'sf ;fy} k|fs[lts
jf;:yfgsf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ ug]{, k/df0f' lj1fgsf] If]qdf ;"rgf ;Íng, ;+u|x Pj+ k|jfxsf] nflu
/fli6«o:t/sf] ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf ug]{ cflb gLlt /x]sf]df sfof{Gjog ePsf] kfOPg .
36. ah]6 sfof{Gjog – ah]6 jQmJo @)&$.&% df lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] ljlzli6s[t cWoog cg';Gwfg
ug{sf nflu lqe'jg ljZjljBfnodf Pp6f lj1fg zx/ :yfkgf ug]{ / lqe'jg ljZjljBfno cGtu{t
/x]sf cg';Gwfg s]Gb|x?sf] k'gu{u7g u/L cfly{s, k|zf;lgs, z}lIfs / ;fdflhs If]qx?sf nflu
/fli6«o cg';Gwfg s]Gb|sf] ?kdf ljsf; u/L ;d;fdlos ljifodf cg';Gwfg ug{ pTk|]l/t ug]{ pNn]v
ePsf]]df tL sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog x'g;s]sf] 5}g\ .
37. Go'lSno/ P]g – kf/dfl0fs kbfy{sf] pkof]u Joj:yfkg, lgodg, lgoGq0f, cg'udg ;d]tsf nflu
cTofjZos tyf cGt/fli6\o If]qdf g]kfnn] k'/f ug'{kg]{ bfloTj lgjf{xdf dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] Go"lSno/ P]g
ljut $ jif{b]lv lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf /x]sf] pNn]v 5 . pQm Joxf]/f ut ljutdf cf}NofOPsf]df l:ylt
oyfjt /x]sf]n] ;'wf/ x'g'kb{5 .
;+ul7t ;+:yf, ;ldlt / cGo ;+:yf

ljZjljBfno cg'bfg cfof]u
g]kfndf ljZjljBfnosf] ;~rfng tyf ljsf;sf] nflu cg'bfgsf] ;d'lrt ljt/0f, ljZjljBfnosf]
z}lIfs:t/ lgwf{/0f tyf gofF ljZjljBfno :yfkgf ;DaGwdf k/fdz{ lbg] nufot p2]Zon] ljZjljBfno cg'bfg
cfof]u P]g, @)%) adf]lhd of] cfof]usf] :yfkgf eO{ ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
38. cg'bfg — ljZjljBfno cg'bfg cfof]u P]g, @)%) sf] bkmf ^ -v_ df ljleGg If]qaf6 k|fKt cg'bfg
/sd ljZjljBfnox?nfO{ k|bfg ug]{ ;DaGwdf cfof]un] gLlt lgwf{/0f ug]{ pNn]v 5 . lgoldt
sfo{qmdtkm{ ;fd'bflos SofDk;nfO{ cg'bfg lbg ?=!) ca{ $! s/f]8 @( nfv %^ xhf/ ah]6
Joj:yf ePsf]]df !! ljZjljBfnonfO{ ?=( ca{ #! s/f]8 @( nfv %^ xhf/ lbPsf] 5 .
ljZjljBfnox?nfO{ lbg] cg'bfg /sd ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf ^ ljZjljBfnodf )=$( b]lv $*=$^
k|ltzt;Ddn] j[l4 ePsf]] b]lvof] eg] @ ljZjljBfnodf #=^^ b]lv @%=&$ k|ltzt;Dd 36]sf] 5 .
sf7df8f}F ljZjljBfno / k"jf{~rn ljZjljBfnonfO{ qmdzM ?=!% s/f]8 / ?=!# s/f]8 lgsf;f uPsf]]
/sdsf] n]vfk/LIf0f dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{noaf6 x'g] Joj:yf 5}g . cg'bfg uPsf]] /sdsf] pkof]u
tyf df}Hbft l:yltsf] oyfy{tf olsg x'g'kb{5 .
39. cg'udg — ljZjljBfno cg'bfg cfof]u P]g, @)%) sf] bkmf & df cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f;DaGwL
Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . cfof]un] lqe'jg ljZjljBfnonfO{ o; jif{ rfn'tkm{ ?=^ ca{ #% s/f]8 () nfv /
k'FhLuttkm{ ?=#& s/f]8 !% nfv ;d]t ?=^ ca{ &# s/f]8 % nfv lgsf;f lbFbf ljZjljBfno /

cGtu{tsf ah]6/L tyf cGo ;Dk"0f{ lgsfosf] n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fPsf] ;DaGwdf cg'udg u/L
n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fpg] OsfO{nfO{ cg'bfg /f]Ssf /fVg] u/L lgb]{zg lbg'kb{5 .
jflnË SofDk; :ofª\hfnfO{ SofDk; ejg k'glg{df{0f ug{ ut jif{ ?=@ s/f]8 lgsf;f lbPsf]]df
z}lIfs sfo{qmd -k7gkf7g_ sf] nflu Ps / Jofkfl/s k|of]hgsf] nflu Ps u/L b'O{ ejg lgdf{0f sfo{
ePsf]] Joxf]/f cfof]uaf6 ePsf]] cg'udgaf6 b]lvPsf]] 5 . :jLs[t sfo{qmd ljk/Lt Jofkfl/s
k|of]hgsf] nflu ejg lgdf{0f u/]sf] ;DaGwdf cfjZos sf/afxL x'g'kb{5 .
40. k'FhLut cg'bfg — o; jif{ ( ljZjljBfnonfO{ ;zt{ cg'bfg ?=! ca{ %$ s/f]8 !% nfv lgsf;f
lbPsf]]df ;f] cg'bfgsf] pkof]u ljZjljZjljBfnosf] /0fgLlts of]hgf cg';f/ k'FhLut sfo{df eP
gePsf] ;DaGwdf cfof]uaf6 cg'udg u/L clen]v /fv]sf] b]lvPg . ;zt{ cg'bfg :j?k lgsf;f
lbPsf]] /sd k'FhLut sfo{{ afx]s cGoq vr{ ug{ gldNg] x'Fbf vr{ geO{ afFsL /x]sf] /sd olsg u/L
;l~rt sf]if bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
41. ;+sfo cg';Gwfg cg'bfg — :gftsf]Q/ jf To; dflysf] ;f]w k|aGw ;'kl/j]If0f u/L /x]sf jf ug{;Sg]
;+sfonfO{ kl/of]hgfsf] cjlw b'O{ jif{ x'g]u/L cg';Gwfgsf] ju{ x]/L ?=$ nfv ;Dd cg'bfg lbg],
lgwf{l/t ;dodf cg';Gwfg ;DkGg gePdf clwstd ! jif{ cjlw yk ug{ ;lsg], yk ePsf]] cjlwdf
sfo{ ;DkGg gu/]df afFsL cg'bfg pknAw gu/fpg] / eljiodf cfof]uaf6 s'g} klg ;'ljwf pknAw
gu/fpg] ljZjljBfno cg'bfg cfof]u sfo{qmd sfo{ljlw, @)&$ df pNn]v 5 . cfof]un] %) hgf;Fu
@ jif{ ;do ;Ldf tf]sL k|yd tyf bf]>f] ls:tf ?=*) nfv ^% xhf/ cg'bfg lbPsf]]df @ hgfn]
lgwf{l/t ;dodf cg';Gwfg ;DkGg u/]sf, b'O{ hgfn] yk ;do dfu u/]sf]df ! jif{ yk u/]sf] 5 .
k|yd / bf]>f] ls:tf afkt ?=&% nfv % xhf/ cg'bfg k|fKt ug]{ $^ hgfn] lgwf{l/t ;dodf
cg';Gwfg ;DkGg gu/]sf / Dofb yk ;d]t u/]sf] kfOPg . sfo{qmd sfo{ljlw tyf ;Demf}tfsf] zt{
cg';f/ cg';Gwfg ;DkGg gu/]sfnfO{ sfo{ljlwsf] k|fjwfg cg';f/ cfjZos sf/afxL ug'{kb{5 .
lq=lj=pRr lzIff ;'wf/ kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog sfof{no
42. a9L lgsf;f — ljZj a}Íaf6 k|fKt C0f ;xof]udf tf]s]sf] ;"rs cg';f/ ljZjljBfno cg'bfg
cfof]uaf6 lgsf;f lnO{ ;DalGwt SofDk; tyf lgsfonfO{ lgsf;f lbg] Joj:yf 5 . o; jif{ lgsf;f
;"rs % sf nflu @)&%.#.#@ df ljZjljBfno cg'bfg cfof]uaf6 ?=% s/f]8 $) nfv lgsf;f
ePsf]]df kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog kl/ifb\sf] ljleGg ldltsf] lg0f{ofg';f/ @)&$.(.% b]lv @)&%.#.@* ;Dd
* k6s u/L $) SofDk;nfO{ ?=!) s/f]8 ## nfv @) xhf/ lgsf;f lbPsf]] 5 . o;/L jflif{s ah]6
tyf sfo{qmd :jLs[t gu/L cGo lgsf;f ;"rsdf Joj:yf ePsf]] /sdaf6 lgsf;f ;"rs % df ?=$
s/f]8 (# nfv @) xhf/ a9L lgsf;f lbO{ vr{ ePsf] 5 . ah]6 :jLs[t gu/L lgsf;f lbg] / lgsf;f
eGbf j9L vr{ ug]{ sfo{df lgoGq0f x'g'kb{5 .
43. cg'udgsf] k|efjsfl/tf — kl/of]hgfsf] nIo xfl;n ug{ cfjZos ;'rgf ;dod} pknAw u/fpg
;Da4 lgsfodf glthfd"ns cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg k|0ffnL jgfpg'kb{5 . sfof{non] ut jif{ ?=##
s/f]8 @# nfv ^^ xhf/ / o; jif{ ?=#! s/f]8 #% nfv &* xhf/ ;d]t s'n ?=^$ s/f]8 %( nfv
$$ xhf/ ljleGg sn]h, 8Lg sfof{no, s]Gb|Lo sfof{no, k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{nonfO{ cg'bfg ljt/0f
u/]sf] 5 . k'FhLut k|s[lt lgdf{0f sfo{df dfq pQm /sd vr{ ug]{ Joxf]/f ;dfj]z u/L ;Da4 lgsfo/
SofDk;x?;Fu ;Ddmf}tf ePsf]]df pQm /sd ;f]xL sfo{df vr{ u/] gu/]sf] cg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg
gu/]sf]n] cg'bfg tf]lsPsf]] sfo{df vr{ ePsf] olsg ug]{ cfwf/ ePg .
/fli6«o k/LIff af]8{
lzIff P]g, @)@* cg';f/ @)&#.#.!% df u7g ePsf]] /fli6«o k/LIff af]8{n] sIff ( b]lv !@ ;Ddsf]
k/LIff ;~rfng, ;dGjo / Joj:yfkg nufotsf] sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
44. cIf/fÍg d"NofÍg k4lt M ljqmd ;Dat\ !(() b]lv k|f/De ePsf] ljBfyL{n] k|fKt u/]sf] cÍsf] cfwf/df
d"NofÍg ug]{ k4ltdf kl/jt{g u/L Go"gtd O{=b]lv P=Kn;;Dd ( txdf n]6/ u|]l8Ë ug]{ u/L @)&@ b]lv
cIf/fÍg k4lt cjnDag u/]sf] 5 . cIf/fÍg k4lt sfof{Gjog sfo{ljlw, @)&@ n] $) b]lv %)
k|ltzt;Ddsf] ;L=u|]8 -:jLsf/of]Uo_ pNn]v u/]klg ljBfyL{nfO{ cg'QL0f{ gu/L l;sfO:t/ k|dfl0ft ug]{
p2]Zo /fv]sf] b]lvG5 . af]8{af6 k|fKt ljj/0f cg';f/ cIf/fÍg d'NofÍg k|0ffnL nfu" u/]sf d'n'sdWo]
cd]l/sfdf Go'gtd ^) b]lv &), ef/tdf af]8{ cg';f/ $) b]lv %%, kfls:tfg, l;+ufk'/ / hfkfgn]
qmdzM ##,$) / ^) k|ltzt k|fKt ug]{ ljBfyL{ dfq dflyNnf] sIffsf] nflu u|fXo x'g] Joj:yf u/]sf]
b]lvG5 . Go"gtd ;Ldf sfod ug]{tkm{ k'g/fjnf]sg x'g' pko'Qm b]lvPsf]] 5 .
45. cIf/fÍg k4ltsf] glthf M cIf/fÍg k2lt nfu" ePkl5sf] glthf b]xfog';f/ b]lvPsf] 5M
hL=kL=P= u|]8 sIff !! @)&$ sIff !! @)&% sIff !@, @)&%
3.61-4 P Kn; !!$$ 1115 !!^(
3.21-3.6 P !!$#$ 8949 !!@@!
2.81-3.2 aL Kn; @^*&# 24515 @&^$#
2.41-2.8 aL $%^%& 48731 %*#$%
2.01-2.4 ;L Kn; *)#$^ 86770 ()@((
1.61-2.0 ;L !!@)$) 92593 ^^$#*
1.21-1.6 8L Kn; $@)#* 41406 @@&#$
0.81-1.2 8L $$^) 8127 $$*&
0.0-0.8 O{ @#&%^ 20685 !((
hDdfM #$&&$* 332891 @*@%#%
plNnlvt tYofÍcg';f/ @)&$ df la b]lv P Kn;;Dd u|]8 k|fKt ug]{ ljBfyL{ @$=$& k|ltzt
/x]sf]df @)&% df ;f]xL u|]8 k|fKt ug]{sf] ;+Vof @%=)@ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . @)&$ df sIff !! sf]
k/LIff lbg] ljBfyL{dWo] ^% xhf/ @!# -!*=&% k|ltzt_ n] aLr}df k9fO 5f8]sf] sf/0f @)&% df sIff
!@ sf] k/LIffdf ;xefuL ePsf] b]lvPg . o;df cWoog ljZn]if0f x'g'kb{5 .
46. pQ/k'l:tsf vkt – ljBfyL{ ;+Vofsf] cg'kftdf pQ/k'l:tsf vkt x'g'kb{5 . ljBfyL{ ;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
cg';f/ @)&$ df %$ nfv $ xhf/ ($@ d'n pQ/k'l:tsf vkt x'g'kg]{df %% nfv ($ xhf/ #^)
vkt eO{ ! nfv *( xhf/ $!* a9L vkt b]lvPsf] 5 . ! xhf/ @)) k/LIff s]Gb|df k'¥ofPsf d"n
pQ/k'l:tsf lkmtf{ gePsf]n] a9L vkt b]lvPsf]] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5 . pQ/k'l:tsf lkmtf{ Nofpg
g;Sg] eP k/LIff s]Gb|df clen]v /fvL cfufdL jif{ k|of]u x'g] Joj:yf ldnfO{ pQ/k'l:tsf vktdf
ldtJolotf ckgfpg'kb{5 .
47. z}lIfs :t/ j[l4 sf]if – lzIff P]g, @)@* df ePsf] ;+zf]lwt Joj:yf cg';f/ z}lIfs:t/ j[l4 z'Ns
p7fpg kfpg] Joj:yf g/x]sf]df ut ljut jif{ ;fd'bflos ljBfnodf cWoog/t afnaflnsf nlIft
sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug{ ;+:yfut tyf ;fd'bflos ljBfnoaf6 k|ltljBfyL{ qmdzM ?=@)).— / ?=!)).—
sf b/n] c;'n u/L z}lIfs:t/ j[l4 sf]ifdf ?=$ s/f]8 ^ nfv ^! xhf/ / ;DaGwg z'Ns ?=% s/f]8 !&
nfv &) xhf/;d]t ?=( s/f]8 @$ nfv #! xhf/ ;+l3o ;+lrt sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{kg]{ Joxf]/f ut jif{sf]
k|ltj]bgdf cf}FNofPsf]df l:ylt oyfjt\ 5 . pQm /sd ;+lrt sf]if bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tflnd kl/ifb\
48. ;|f]t pkof]u – kl/ifb\sf] k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tflnd sfo{qmd sfo{fGjogsf nflu ePsf]
nufgLsf] bIftfk"j{s kl/rfng x'g'kb{5 . sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ljut # jif{df s'n ?=% ca{ @(
s/f]8 !* nfv ^@ xhf/ nufgL ePsf]df ;f]dWo] k'FhLut sfo{df @*=*% k|ltzt, sfo{qmd
;~rfngdf $#=!! k|ltzt / k|zf;lgs sfo{df @*=)$ k|ltzt vr{ ePsf] 5 . s'n nufgLdWo]
k|zf;lgs sfo{df?=! ca{ $* s/f]8 #& nfv @* xhf/ vr{ ePsf]n] To:tf] vr{ lgoGq0f u/L k'FhLut
/ sfo{qmd vr{df nufgL a9fpg'kb{5 .

kl/ifb\sf] ljut # jif{sf] cfGtl/s cfo ? @ ca{ $% s/f]8 $ nfv *% xhf/sf] @@=)#
k|ltztn] ? %# s/f]8 (( nfv @& xhf/dfq pkof]u ePsf] l:ylt 5 . ljQLo Joj:yfkgdf cfGtl/s
;|f]tsf] nufgLsf] pkof]u;d]t a9fpg'kg]{df @% k|ltzt eGbf 36L pkof]u ePsf]n] ;|f]t Joj:yfkgdf
;'wf/ x'g'kb{5 .
49. ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f – ljut # jif{df k'FhLut vr{ ?=! ca{ !( s/f]8 #@ nfv ePsf]df ?=*$
s/f]8 #! nfv d"Nosf k|frfo{ lgjf;, z}lIfs ejg, 5fqfjf;, zf}rfno Ans / hUuf ljsf;;DaGwL
lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . kl/ifb\n] ljBdfg k"jf{wf/sf] d"NofÍg u/L yk cfjZos k"jf{wf/sf]
nflu u'?of]hgf tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog ug{'kb{5 .
50. sfo{{qmd sfof{{Gjog – kl/ifb\n] of]hgf agfpg], ;du| gLltsf] th'{df ug]{, bL3{sfnLg /0fg}lts of]hgf
tof/ ug]{, kl/ifb\cGtut{sf] lqmofsnfk tyf sfo{qmdx?sf] d"NofÍg cg'udg ug'{kb{5 . ljut # jif{df
k|fljlws P;=Pn=;L= # xhf/ %&( egf{ Ifdtf /x]sf]df @&( hgf / k|df0fkq Pj+ l8Knf]dftkm{ %
xhf/ *&% egf{ IfdtfdWo] @#& hgf sd ljBfyL{ egf{ lnPsf] b]lvFbf pknAw ;|f]tsf] clwstd
pkof]u gePsf] / nlIft ju{n] k|fljlws lzIffaf6 jl~rt x'g uPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . Ifdtfcg';f/
z}lIfs sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{kb{5 .
k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ ljut # jif{df k|fljlws P;=Pn=;L=tkm{ pQL0f{ k|ltzt ^&=$) /x]sf] /
!$@ hgfn] aLr}df cWoog 5f8]sf] tyf k|df0fkq / l8Knf]df txsf] pQL0f{ k|ltzt ^@=*! /x]sf] / #(
hgfn] aLr}df 5f8]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . o;/L k9fO{ aLrdf 5f8\bf cGo k|lt:kwL{] cWoogaf6 jl~rt x'g'
k/]sf] / nufgL;d]t v]/ hfg] x'bf+ ljz]if Wofglbg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
51. ;DaGwg clen]v — kl/ifb\ cGtu{t #$ cflËs lzIffno, !*% ;fd'bflos ljBfno, % ;fdm]bf/L lzIffno /
! xhf/ &( lghL ljBfno;d]t lgDgfg';f/ ! xhf/ # ;o ;+:yf /x]sf 5g\M
l8Knf]df k|fljlws Jofj;flos
qm= b'j} sfo{qmd
;+:yfsf] k|sf/ sfo{qmd dfq P;=Pn=;L=sfo{qmd tflnd hDdf
;+= ;~rfng ug]{
;~rfng ug]{ dfq ;~rfng ug]{ ;~rfng ug]{
1 cflËs lzIffno 18 2 9 2 31
2 ;fd'bflos ljBfno 17 126 42 0 185
3 ;fe]mbf/L lzIffno 3 0 2 0 5
4 lghL:t/af6 168 226 35 650 1079
;~rflnt
hDdfM 206 354 88 652 1300
;]G6«n OlGhgLol/ª sn]h nlntk'/, uf]N8]g kfs{ sn]h lj/f6gu/, l;Wbfy{ 6]SgLsn OlG:6Ro"6
/ dN6L:sLn k|f=ln eQmk'/n] btf{ k|df0fkq gjLs/0f u/fPsf 5}gg\ . ;DaGwgsf nflu @)^*
;fneGbf cufl8 dfu ePsf @% k|:tfj tyf @)^( sf] ! xhf/ ^(# k|:tfj ut jif{ g} :jLs[ltsf]
k|lqmofdf /x]sf] pNn]v u/]sf]df o;jif{ klg l:ylt oyfjt 5 . kl/ifb\sf] lgodfjnL, @)%! sf] lgod
!( df c:yfoL :jLs[lt k|fKt ;+:yfnfO{ @ jif{leq :yfoL :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]df xfn;Dd s'g} klg
;+:yfnfO{ :yfoL ;DaGwg lbPsf] 5}g . ;DaGwg k|fKt lgsfosf] btf{, gjLs/0f, ;~rfng / yk
sfo{qmd :jLs[lt b]lvg] clen]v cBfjlws ug{'kb{5 .
52. sd{rf/L Joj:yfkg — kl/ifb\ / cGtu{tsf lzIffnodf k|fljlws %%* / k|zf;lgs #&$ u/L (#@
b/aGbL /x]sf]df k|fljlws (% / k|zf;lgs #) u/L !@% kb l/Qm /x]sf] 5 . kl/ifb\sf] sd{rf/L ;]jf
zt{ tyf ;'ljwf;DaGwL ljlgodfjnL, @)^( cg';f/ ;b:o ;lrjn] sd{rf/LnfO{ ! jif{eGbf a9L gx'g]
u/L sfh v6fpg ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . k|fKt ljj/0f cg';f/ #) sd{rf/L cGoq b/aGbL /xL s]Gb}Lo
sfof{nodf sfo{/t /x]sf / s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf b/aGbL /xsf ^ sd{rf/L cGo sfof{nodf sfo{/t /x]sf
5g\ . sfhdf v6fPsf] cjlw v'Ng] ljj/0f g/fv]sf]n] ljlgodsf] kfngf eP gePsf]] olsg x'g ;s]g .
s/f/ !@$ hgf lgo'lQm u/L of] jif{ ? @ s/f]8 #@ nfv #! xhf/ kfl/>lds vr{ n]v]sf] 5 .
kl/ifb\sf] lgod adf]lhd sd{rf/L kbk"lt{ x'g'kb{5 .

53. ljz]if 5fqj[lQ – rf}wf}F of]hgfdf dWod:t/Lo ;Lko'Qm k|fljlws hgzlQmsf] Joj:yfkg ug{ dw];L
cflbjf;L, d'l:nd ;d'bfodf k|fljlws lzIff lj:tf/ ug]{ gLlt /x]sf] 5 . ljut # jif{df ljz]if 5fqj[lQ
sfo{qmddf ;xefuL s'n @ xhf/ @^+ hgfdWo] @)&@.&# df ! xhf/ #)) -^$=!& k|ltzt_ /x]sf]df
@)&#.&$ df #() -!(=@% k|ltzt_ / @)&$.&% df ##^ -!^=%* k|ltzt_ eO{ o; sfo{qmddf
;xefuL x'g] nfeu|fxL ;+Vof 36\b} uPsf] 5 . nfeflGjt x'g] blntsf] ;+Vof ! xhf/ @&@ -^@=&*_
k|ltzt, nf]kf]Gd'v hfltsf] !&( -*=*$ k|ltzt_ / ljkGg d'l:nds]f ;+Vof &% -#=&) k|ltzt_ eO{
nf]kf]Gd'v / ljkGg d'l:nd ju{ sd nfeflGjt ePsf] b]lvG5 . o;af6 ljz]if 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmdsf]
k|efjsfl/tf 36\b} uPsf] tkm{ kl/ifb\n] Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
54. n]vfk/LIf0f — sfdbf/ /f]huf/Ldf ;'wf/ ug]{, ;fem]bf/ sDkgLx?df cg's'n sfdsf] jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{ /
k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tflnddf lghL If]qsf] ;dfj]zLtf lj:tf/ ug]{ p2]Zon] $ clk|n @)!^ df
kl/ifb\, :jL; ;/sf/ / x]Ne6f;aLr hgj/L !,@)!^ b]lv l8;]Da/ #!, @)!( ;Ddsf :jL; k|m]Í (=*
ldlnog cg'bfg k|fKt x'g] u/L ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 .
pQm ;Demf}tfsf] bkmf !@=# df ;f] /sdsf] n]vfk/LIf0f dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{noaf6 x'g]
Joj:yf 5 . ut jif{ ;f]em} e'QmfgL :jL; k|m]Í $ nfv % xhf/ / k'FhLut vr{ :jL; k|m]Í # nfv ^)
xhf/ ;d]t & nfv ^% xhf/sf] ljlgdo b/ ?=!)^.@@ sf b/n] x'g] ? * s/f]8 !@ nfv %* xhf/ /
o; jif{ rfn' vr{tkm{ :jL; k|m]Í % nfv (! xhf/ / k'FhLut vr{tkm{ :jL; k|m]Í @ nfv ## xhf/ ;d]t
:jL; k|m]Í * nfv @$ xhf/sf] ljlgdo b/ ?=!)(.!% n] x'g] ?=* s/f]8 (( nfv $) xhf/ vr{ u/]sf]
ljj/0f k|fKt ePsf]] 5 . pQm vr{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f btf{jfn n]vfk/LIfsaf6 u/fPsf]] b]lvof] .
bft[;+:yf;Fusf] ;Demf}tf cg';f/ ah]6, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd c+u|]hL Sofn]08/ -hgj/L–l8;]Da/_ cg';f/
x'g] pNn]v ePsf]df kl/of]hgf ;xof]uL OsfO{n] cfly{s jif{ cg';f/ n]vf /fv]sf], cfly{s jif{ cg';f/
n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf], Joj:yfkgkq c+u|]hL jif{ cg';f/ /xg] u/]sf]n] of]hgf, sfo{qmd ah]6sf] th'{df tyf
sfof{Gjog ;DaGwdf ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsg] l:ylt 5}g . lgodfg';f/ ;Demf}tf adf]lhd n]vfk/LIf0f
u/fpg'kb{5 .
55. Go"g vr{ — /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ >[hgf u/L dfgj k'FhLdf nufgL dfkm{t ;dfj]zL / lbuf] ljsf;df
of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] kl/ifb\ / o'/f]lkog o'lgogaLr l8;]Da/ !@, @)!& df ;Demf}tf eO{
sfo{fGjogdf cfPsf] ;Ifdtf kl/of]hgfsf] cjlw @)!* hgj/Lb]lv @)@! l8;]Da/;Dd $* dlxgf
/x]sf] 5 . kl/of]hgfdf o'/f]lkog o'lgogaf6 o'/f] %% nfv gub cg'bfg / g]kfn ;/sf/af6 o'/f] ^
nfv !! xhf/;lxt s'n o'/f] ^! nfv !! xhf/ vr{ x'g] Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ o'/f]lkog o'lgogaf6 ?=&
s/f]8 !& nfv ^^ xhf/ / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;|f]ttkm{ ?=* nfv & xhf/ u/L ?=& s/f]8 @% nfv &#
xhf/ lgsf;f ePsf]df s'n ?=$# nfv *! xhf/ -^=$ k|ltzt_ vr{ ePsf]] 5 . vr{ /sdsf] zLif{sut
/ ;|f]tut v'nf;f u/]sf] 5}g . ;|f]tsf] Go"g pkof]u ePsf] l:ylt /x]sf]n] j}b]lzs ;xfotf nIo k|flKt
ug{ a9L lqmoflzn x'g'kb{5 .
56. cg'udg — kl/ifb\ P]g, @)$% / lgodfjnL, @)%! cg';f/ kl/ifb\af6 @)&$.&% df l8Knf]dftkm{ @)!
;+:yfsf] #%( sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg u/L tof/ k|ltj]bgdf ( ;+:yfsf] !! sfo{qmddf k"jf{wf/ kof{Kt
gePsf] / & sfo{qmd ;~rfng gePsf] pNn]v 5 . o:t} k|fljlws P;=Pn=;L=tkm{ @#( ;+:yfsf]
$&% sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg x'Fbf k|ltj]bgdf & ;+:yfsf] ( sfo{qmdsf nflu k"jf{wf/ kof{Kt gePsf] /
@@ sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf g/x]sf] pNn]v 5 . Ps kmfp08]zgn] sf]6feGbf j9L k|lzIffyL{ egf{ u/]sf] /
Ps Ps]8]dLn] gl;{Ë SofDk;sf] nflu c:ktfn Joj:yf ug{ g;s]sf], gjLs/0fsf] k|lqmof gckgfPsf] /
;DaGwgsf zt{ kfngf gu/]sf] sf/0f ;DaGwg /2 u/]sf]] 5 . dfkb08 ljk/Lt sfo{ ug]{ ;+:yfnfO{
sf/afxL x'g'kb{5 .
57. pQ/k'l:tsf vl/b — ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL @)^$ sf] lgod !! -!_ df ;fj{hlgs lgsfon]
vl/b ug'{ k"j{ nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug{'kg]{, lgod *^ df ;fdfg ;f]em} vl/b ug'{ cl3 vl/b ul/g]
;fdfgsf] b/ ljZn]if0f u/L k|:tfljt d"No plrt eP gePsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;f] cg';f/
;fdfg laqmL ug]{ ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] d"No ahf/ d"NoeGbf sd ePdf dfq ;f]em} vl/b
ug{ ;lsg] b]lvG5 . k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{non] o; jif{ !^ k]hsf] d"n pt/k'l:tsf k|lt;]6 ?=!) sf
b/n] (@ xhf/ yfg, k|lt;]6 ?=!! sf b/n] !$ nfv $* xhf/ yfg / yk pt/k'l:tsf k|lt;]6
?=@.&% sf b/n] $ nfv * xhf/ yfg b/ ljZn]if0f gu/L hgs lzIff ;fdu|L s]Gb|af6 ;f]e}m vl/b
u/L ?=! s/f]8 &( nfv &) xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 .
o:t} k|sf/sf] pQ/k'l:tsf P; O{ O{ k/LIff ;~rfng ug]{] k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{non] af]nkqsf]
dfWodaf6 lhNnf ;b/d'sfd;Dd 9'jfgL;lxt k|lt;]6 -!^ k]hsf]_ ;'ud lhNnfsf] nflu ?=$.)( /
b'u{d lhNnfsf] nflu ?=$.^( sf b/n] vl/b u/]sf] 5 . To; sfof{non] hgs lzIff ;fdu|L s]Gb|af6
;f]e}m vl/b ubf{ d'n pQ/k'l:tsfsf] nflu ;'udsf] Go"gtd b/nfO{ cfwf/ lnFbf ;d]t ?=! s/f]8 @
nfv $) xhf/ yk Jooef/ k/]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf ljut jif{ ;d]t cf}NofPsf]df l:ylt oyfjt 5 .
lgoddf ePsf]] Joj:yfsf] kfngf u/L ldtJooL ?kdf vl/b ug{ Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
;Lk ljsf; kl/of]hgf
:jb]zL tyf ljb]zL >d ahf/df cfjZos kg]{ hgzlQm pTkfbg ug]{ p2]Zon] g]kfn ;/sf/ /
PlzofnL ljsf; a}ÍaLr ePsf]] cg'bfg ;Demf}tf cg';f/ qmdzM %) nfv / @ s/f]8 u/L cd]l/sL 8n/ @
s/f]8 %) nfvsf] nfutdf @)&) >fj0fb]lv ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf]df kl/of]hgf !% hgj/L @)!( df ;DkGg
ug]{ nIo lnPsf] 5 . of] jif{ ?=^! s/f]8 ^& nfv &! xhf/ ljlgof]hg ePsf]df ?=%% s/f]8 ## nfv ^) xhf/ -
*(=%& k|ltzt_ vr{ u/]sf] 5 . kl/of]hgfn] sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ u/L lgwf{/0f ePsf] ?=# s/f]8 %) nfvsf] !%
sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog u/]sf] kfOPg .
58. nfut k|lt:kwf{ – kl/of]hgfsf] bf];|f] r/0f cGtu{t Kofs]h g+=!$ af6 ! xhf/ ()) dlxnfnfO{
sf7df8f}F, lrtjg / kf]v/fdf, Kofs]h g+= !% af6 @ xhf/ ^)) hgfnfO{ uf]/vf, wflbª ;d]t e"sDk
k|efljt !$ lhNnfdf tflnd ;~rfng ug{ af]nkq dfu u/]sf]df b'O{ Kofs]hdf !^ kmd{n] cfzokq
k]; u/]sf]dWo] ^/^ j6f kmd{sf] ;"lr tof/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . Kofs]h g+=!$ sf] nflu Ps ;+o'Qm
pkqmd;Fu @)&$.%.& df ?=^ s/f]8 () nfv #$ xhf/ / Kofs]h g+=!% df csf]{ Ps ;+o'Qm
pkqmd;Fu @)&$.^.@^ df ?=!) s/f]8 !% nfv *% xhf/df ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . kl/of]hgfn] u'0f:t/
ljlw4f/f ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yf 5gf}6 u/]sf] x'Fbf nfutdf k|lt:kwf{ ePsf] 5}g .
59. tflnd ;~rfng M bf];|f] r/0fdf 7]Ssf Joj:yf ePsf ut jif{sf] ^ tyf of] jif{sf] @ ;d]t * Kofs]haf6
!( xhf/ @)) hgfnfO{ tflnd lbg] u/L ?=*@ s/f]8 #$ nfv $$ xhf/df 7]Ssf Joj:yf u/]sf]df !*
xhf/ (^( hgfnfO{ tflnd lbO{ xfn;Dd ? %^ s/f]8 ## nfv (! xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf
b]lvPsf Joxf]/fx? o; k|sf/ 5g\M
59.1. tflnd k|bfos;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tfdf k|To]s tflnddf Go"gtd $) k|ltzt dlxnfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg'kg]{
Joj:yf 5 . Kofs]h g+=!) df Ps ;+:yfn] @ xhf/ *)) hgfsf] $) k|ltztn] x'g] ! xhf/ !@) hgf
dlxnfnfO{ tflnd lbg'kg]{df #!) hgfnfO{ dfq tflnd lbPsf]] 5 . o;n] ubf{ nlIft ju{n] tflnd ;'ljwf
gkfPsf] b]lvG5 .
59.2. Kofs]h g+=!# cGtu{t Ps ;+o'Qm pkqmdn] @@ lhNnfdf s's, d]zg, jf/ j]08/, On]lS6«l;og, j]6/
nufot !! ljifosf @ xhf/ *)) hgfnfO{ tflnd lbg] u/L ePsf] ;Demf}tfdf l;/xf, ;Kt/L, tgx'F,
kfNkf, jlb{of, ;'v]{t, 8f]6L, g'jfsf]6, 88]Nw'/f, wflbË ;d]t !) lhNnfsf *)) hgfnfO{ ?=@ s/f]8 !^
nfv &@ xhf/ nfutdf tflnd lbg] ;d]t pNn]v 5 . tL lhNnfsf] ;§f ;'ud lhNnf lrtjg, wgs'6f,
gjnk/f;L, Ko'7fg, sf7df8f}+, kf]v/fnufot :yfgdf tflnd ;~rfng u/L nIo k"/f u/]sf] kfOof] .
;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ePsf lhNnfsf nfeu|fxL tflndaf6 jl~rt ePsf] b]lvof] . t'ngfTds ?kdf
b'u{dsf] ;§f ;'uddf tflnd ;~rfng u/]sf] plrt b]lvFb}g .
60. ;Lk k/LIf0f M ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yf;Fu ^ Kofs]hdf ePsf]] ;Demf}tfdf ljleGg ljifosf] tflnddf *)
k|ltzt k|lzIffyL{ pQL0f{ x'g'kg]{ pNn]v ePsf]]df sltko tflnddf ^) k|ltzteGbf sd /s]sf] 5 .
;fdfGo lsl;dsf jf/ j]G8/, uf/f] nufpg], KnlDaªh:tf &* sfo{lbg tflnd lbFbf ! xhf/ *&^ hgf
;Lk k/LIf0fdf cg'QL0f{ eO{ k|df0fkq;Dd gkfpg] cj:yf b]lvPsf]n] u'0f:t/Lo tflnd lbg g;s]sf]
tyf tL JolQmsf] tflnddf ePsf]] k|ToIf vr{ ?=# s/f]8 !* nfv ^ xhf/ pknlAwljxLg x'g k'u]sf] 5 .
kl/of]hgfaf6 ;Lk ljsf; tflnd k|fKt hgzlQmn] /f]huf/L k|fKt u/] gu/]sf] cg'udg u/L olsg
ul/g'kb{5 .
g]kfn lj1fg tyf k|ljlw k|1f k|lti7fg
61. nufgL — rf}wf}+ of]hgfn] lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;df nufgL j[l4 ug]{ gLlt lnPsf]
5 . lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] If]qdf rLgn] s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] @=% k|ltzt nufgL u/]sf] tyf ef/t
@ k|ltzt k'¥ofpg]tkm{ cu|;/ /x]sf] 5 . o; k|lti7fgsf] #% cf}+ k|f1 ;efn] xfn s'n ufx{:Yo{
pTkfbgsf] )=#* k|ltztdfq nufgL ePsf]df j[l4 u/L Go"gtd ! k|ltzt k'¥ofpg'kg]{ pNn]v u/]
tfklg nufgL j[l4 x'g g;s]sf]tkm{ ;Da4 lgsfosf] Wofg hfg'kb{5 .
62. z}lIfs If]q lj:tf/ — rfln;f}+ k|f1 ;efdf pks'nkltn] k]; u/]sf] k|ltj]bgdf b]zsf] ljsf;sf] ult
tLa| ug{ pRr lzIff cWoog ug]{dWo] lj1fg / k|ljlw ljifodf cWoog ug]{ ^) k|ltzt x'g'kg]{ pNn]v
5 . xfn pRr lzIff cWoog ug]{ ljBfyL{dWo] * k|ltzt dfq o; ljwfdf ;+nUg /x]sf]n] o; ljwftkm{
cfsif{0f a9\g] u/L of]hgf tof/ ug{ ;Da4 lgsfosf] Wofg hfg'kb{5 .
63. e"sDksf] k"j{ hfgsf/L — ljZjdf e"sDkaf6 !! cf}+ clt hf]lvd b]zsf] ?kdf g]kfn /x]sf] 5 . @)&@
sf] a}zfvdf cfPsf] e"sDkn] dfgjLo tyf ef}lts ;DklQsf] ck'/0fLo Iflt u/]sf] 5 . rLg ;/sf/
cGtu{tsf] OlGi6Ro"6 ckm s]o/ nfOkm lkk'N; ckm rfOgf;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tf adf]lhd hgtfnfO{
df]afOn, Pkm=Pd=/]l8of] cflbaf6 e"sDksf] k"j{;"rgf !@ b]lv @@ ;]s]08 cufj} lbg] k|0ffnL k|lti7fgsf]
ejgdf h8fg ePsf] 5 . b]zsf #@) :yfgdf !% b]lv @) lsnf]ld6/sf] b"/Ldf ;+oGq h8fg u/L
;f]af6 e"sDksf] k"j{;"rgf k|fKt x'g] Ifdtf /x]sf]df xfn $) :yfgdf h8fg u/L ;kmn k/LIf0f ;d]t
ePsf] 5 . P;=Pd=P;=dfkm{t k|To]s JolQmnfO{ e"sDksf] k"j{ hfgsf/L lbg] p2]Zon] tfn's dGqfno /
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfnodfkm{t df]afOn ;]jf k|bfos g]kfn 6]lnsd / Pg;]n;Fu k6s k6s
;xof]u ug{ cg'/f]w ePsf] sl/a # jif{ JotLt ePklg tL sDkgLaf6 ck]lIft ;xof]u k|fKt ePsf]
b]lvPg . To;tkm{ ;Da4 lgsfon] Wofg lbg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
64. gfgf] :of6]nfO6 – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf $ df cfjZostfsf] klxrfg / :k]l;lkms];g
tof/ ug'{kg]{, bkmf % df nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{kg]{ / lgodfjnL, @)^$ s]f lgod #! df ?=@)
nfveGbf a9Lsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpFbf af]nkqsf] dfWodaf6 ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . :k]l;lkms];g, nfut
cg'dfg tyf af]nkq cfXjfg gu/L So';' OlG:6Ro'6 ckm 6]Sgf]nf]hL, hfkfgn] k|:tfj k]; u/]sf]
cfwf/df gfgf] :of6]nfO6 -!) l;=Pd=×!) l;=Pd×!) l;=Pd_ h8fg sfo{ ! clk|n @)@) ;Dd
;DkGg ug{ @! gf]e]Da/ @)!& df ;f]e}m ;Demf}tf u/L ?=! s/f]8 $@ nfv e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . vl/b
sfo{ lgod;Ddt ul/g'kb{5 .
lqe'jg ljZjljBfno
65. s]Gb|Lo cfly{s ljj/0f — ljZjljBfnon] lqe'jg ljZjljBfno P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf @% -@_ adf]lhd
s]Gb|Lo sfof{no / dftxtsf cflËs SofDk; tyf lgsfo ;d]tsf] PsLs[t jf;nft / ljQLo ljj/0f
tf]s]sf] ;dodf dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{nodf k]; ug'{kg]{df @)&%.!!.@* df dfq k]; u/]sf] 5 .
ljZjljBfnon] k]; u/]sf] PsLs[t cfly{s ljj/0fdf u}/ ah]6/L sfo{qmdtkm{sf] cfDbfgL vr{ ;dfj]z
u/]sf] 5}g . k'FhLut ;DklQsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f, k]:sL, bfloTj tyf w/f}6Lnufotsf s]Gb|Lo sf]if
vftfx? cBfjlws gul/Fbf ljZjljBfnosf] ;du| cfo—Joo Pj+ ;DklQ tyf bfloTjsf] l:ylt olsg
ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g .
66. n]vfdfg kfngf — t'ngfTds jf;nft tof/ gug]{, ;DklQsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f tof/ gug]{, k'FhLut
;DklQdf ¥xf; s§L gug]{, clwsf+z sfof{non] a}Í lx;fa ldnfg tof/ gug]{, ef}lts k/LIf0f gug]{,
cfDbfgLsf] k|If]k0f / c;'nL d"NofÍg gug]{, jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg tof/ gug]{, :jLs[t sfo{qmdcg';f/
ah]6 tof/ gug]{, cfGtl/s cfonfO{ vr{ gx'g] vftfdf hDdf u/L :jLs[t ah]6 cg';f/ lgsf;f lnO{
vr{ ug]{ gu/]sf] tyf w/f}6L sf/f]af/nfO{ 5'§} a}Í vftfaf6 Joj:yfkg ug'{kg]{df ;f] gul/Fbf bfloTjaf6

;d]t vr{ x'g] l:ylt /x]sf] h:tf Joxf]/f b]lvPsf 5g\ . ljZjljBfnosf] n]vf sfo{k|0ffnLdf kl/dfh{g
u/L g]kfn ;fj{hlgs If]q n]vfdfg cg'?k ;'wf/ x'g'kb{5 .
67. n]vfk/LIf0f — ljZjljBfno / cGtu{tsf lgsfosf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f u/fO{ @)&$ kf}if d;fGtleq
clGtd n]vfk/LIf0fsf nflu cfly{s ljj/0f k]; ug{ cg'/f]w ul/Psf]]df of] jif{ rfn'tk{m !#$ dWo] !@!
lgsfon] / aSof}tftk{m !!% dWo] &) lgsfon] @#@ cfly{s jif{sf] cfly{s ljj/0f k]; u/L n]vfk/LIf0f
u/fPsf 5g\ . rfn'tk{m !# lgsfo / aSof}tftk{m $% lgsfosf] @)) cfly{s jif{sf] cfGtl/s
n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg u/L cfly{s ljj/0f k]; gu/]sf]n] n]vfk/LIf0f x'g ;s]g . aSof}tf n]vfk/LIf0f
;DaGwdf lqe'jg ljZjljBfno, sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\sf] lg0f{on] ul7t 5fglag ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgcg';f/
xfn cl:tTjdf g/x]sf tyf ;|]:tf gi6 ePsf] nufot Joxf]/f bzf{O{ $ ah]6/L lgsfosf] @! OsfO{ /
cGo sf/f]af/sf] (^ OsfO{;d]t !!& lgsfo -cflys jif{_ sf] n]vf ;|]:tf k]mnf gk/]sf]n] km/kmf/ssf]
k|lqmofdf /x]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
68. cfly{s ljj/0f tof/L vr{ — ljZjljBfno P]g, @)$( tyf ljZjljBfno cfly{s Joj:yfkg tyf
vl/b;DaGwL lgod, @)%) cg';f/ cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf]] #% lbgleq cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ u/L
n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg'kg]{ st{Jo ;DalGwt lgsfo k|d'vsf] x'g] Joj:yfcg';f/ ljQLo ljj/0f lgsfosf]
hgzlQmn] tof/ ug'{kb{5 . sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ s]Gb|Lo lx;fa, ;DaGwg sf]if, C0f ;fk6L
lx;fanufot ljutdf n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fPsf !@ sf]ifsf] ljleGg cfly{s jif{sf] ljQLo ljj/0f tof/
ug{ ?=%( xhf/ * ;o / ?=! nfvsf b/n] tLg cfly{s jif{sf] vr{df k|f]T;fxg :j?k ?=*@ nfv #*
xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] b]lvof] . lhDd]jf/Ljxg u/L ;dod} ljQLo ljj/0f tof/ gug]{ tTsfnLg lhDd]jf/
kbflwsf/L/sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k|rlnt P]g, sfg"g cg';f/ sf/afxL ug'{kg]{df ;f] gul/Fbf jiff}{;Dd ljQLo
hjfkmb]lxtf kfngf gu/]sf] / xfn pQm ljj/0f tof/ ubf{ yk cfly{s bfloTj k/]sf] b]lvG5 .
69. cfGtl/s cfo bflvnf — lgoldt zLif{sb]lv afx]s cGo cfDbfgLsf] !) k|ltzt /sd ljZjljBfno
sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ePsf]df of] jif{ ljZjljBfnosf #) OsfOn] cGo cfDbfgL b]vfPsf] ?=!
ca{ ( s/f]8 &@ nfvsf] !) k|ltztn] x'g] ?=!) s/f]8 (& nfv @) xhf/ ljZjljBfno sf]ifdf hDdf
u/]sf] 5}g . ;f] /sd oyfzL3| hDdf x'g'kb{5 .
70. w/f}6L — ljZjljBfnosf] cfly{s Joj:yfkg tyf vl/b ;DaGwL lgod, @)%) df vr{ geO{ afFsL
/x]sf] /sd s]Gb|Lo sfof+nosf] sf]ifdf lkmtf+ ug'+kg]+ Joj:yf ePsf]df ljZjljBfno / cGtu{tsf !@%
lgsfosf] w/f}6L ?=$ ca{ &^ s/f]8 !* nfv afFsL b]lvG5 . k|of]hg ;dfKt ePsf w/f}6L /sd olsg
u/L s]Gb|Lo vftfdf hDdf u/L w/f}6L ;|]:tf Jojl:yt ug'{kb{5 .
71. k]:sL — ljZjljBfnosf] cfly{s Joj:yfkg tyf vl/b ;DaGwL lgod, @)%) df tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq
k]:sL km5\of}+6 gu/]df k]:sL km5\of}{6 gug]{ To:tf] lzIfs, sd{rf/L pk/ ;]jf zt{;DaGwL lgod
adf]lhd cfjZos sf/afxL u/L Dofb gf3]sf] ldltn] jflif{s !) b]lv !@ k|ltztsf b/n] Aofh;d]t
c;'n ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . ljZjljBfno / cGtu{t !!& lgsfosf] kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L / cGo ;+:yfsf]
gfddf of] jif{;Dd ?=! ca{ !% s/f]8 &^ nfv k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 . lgodsf] Joj:yfadf]lhd pQm
k]:sL c;'n km5\of}{6 u/fpg'kb{5 .
72. a9L vr{ – ljZjljBfnosf] cfly{s Joj:yfkg tyf vl/b;DaGwL lgod, @)%) df :jLs[lta]u/
ljlgof]lht ah]6eGbf a9L vr{ ug{ gx'g] Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ %* lgsfon] w/f}6L tyf cGo
df}Hbftaf6 tna eQf ;d]tsf zLif{sdf :jLs[t ah]6eGbf ?=$) s/f]8 # nfv *@ xhf/ a9L vr{
u/]sf 5g\ . s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] :jLs[lta]u/ ljlgof]lht /sdeGbf a9L vr{ ug{ gx'g] / w/f}6L
/sdaf6 cGo vr{ ug]{ kl/kf6Ldf lgoGq0f x'g'kb{5 .
73. a}Í lx;fa ldnfg – ljZjljBfnosf] cfly{s Joj:yfkg tyf vl/b;DaGwL lgod, @)%) df lgsfo
k|d'vn] a}Í lx;fa ldnfg tof/ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf dWo] @$
lgsfosf] ?=! ca{ #& s/f]8 #! nfv &$ xhf/ a}Ídf 36L / ^^ lgsfosf] ?=^@ s/f]8 &$ nfv #^
xhf/ a}Ídf a9L df}Hbft /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . lgoldt a}Í lx;fj ldnfg ljj/0f tof/ gu/]sf]n] a}Í

df}Hbft 36L÷a9L b]lvPsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf ;Da¢ sd{rf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ tfn's lgsfon]
jf:tljs a}Í df}Hbftsf] olsg ug'k{ b{5 .
74. e'QmfgLdf s/ – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf *&, ** / *( adf]lhd kfl/>lds cfo, ;]jf z'Ns,
ef8f / 7]Ssfsf] /sd e'QmfgLdf clu|d s/ s§f ug'{kg]{df ^) lgsfon] ?=&@ nfv %( xhf/
kfl/>lds s/, ?=&$ nfv #@ xhf/ axfn s/ / cGo s/ ?=(% nfv !& xhf/ ;d]t ?=@ s/f]8 $@
nfv * xhf/ s/ s§f u/]sf 5}gg\ . pQm /sd ;DalGwtaf6 c;'n u/L ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
75. lzIfs ljBfyL{ cg'kft — ljZjljBfno dftxt % cWoog ;+:yfg, $ ;+sfocGtu{t ^! cflËs
SofDk; / ! xhf/ *% ;DaGwg k|fKt SofDk;df ljleGg sfo{qmd ;~rfng eO/x]sf 5g\ . k|fKt
tYofÍcg';f/ s"n # nfv ^& xhf/ ljBfyL{dWo] cflËs SofDk;df ! nfv #( xhf/ ljBfyL{nfO{
cWofkg ug{ & xhf/ (@) lzIfs ;+nUg 5g\ .
ljZjljBfnocGtu{t #( s]Gb|Lo ljefudWo] !@ ljefusf] tYofÍcg';f/ s'n ljBfyL{ ^#(
/x]sf]df k|fWofkssf] ;+Vof !## hgf /xL lzIfssf] tna eQfdf jflif{s ?=^ s/f]8 *( nfv %@ xhf/
vr{ ePsf] 5 . o;/L x]bf{ lzIfs ljBfyL{ cg'kft !M% /x]sf] 5 eg] k|ltljBfyL{ nfut ?=! nfv *
xhf/ kg{ uPsf] 5 . ljZjljBfnodf ljBfyL{ ;+Vof k|To]s jif{ 36\b} uPsf] 5 . Oltxf;, e"uf]n,
;+:s[lt, efiff h:tf ljifodf ljBfyL{sf] ;+Vof sd x'Fb} uO/x]sf], k|df0fkq tx x6fPkl5 To; txdf
cWofkg ug]{ lzIfsx? cGo lgsfodf ;dfof]hg ug{ g;s]sf], ljBfyL{ egf{ gePtfklg k|To]s jif{
ljifout lzIfsx? lgo'lQm u/]sf] b]lvG5 . cg'kft 36\b} uPsf] b]lvFbf a9L ePsf lzIfsx?nfO{
b/aGbL ldnfg u/L lzIfs ljBfyL{ cg'kftdf ;fdGh:otf Nofpg'kb{5 .
76. cg'udg d"NofÍg — ljZjljBfnoaf6 ;DaGwg k|fKt ! xhf/ *% SofDk;n] k|To]s @ jif{df gjLs/0f
ug'{kg]{df of] jif{ @^ SofDk;n] gjLs/0f u/fPsf 5}gg\ . ;DaGwg k|bfg u/]sf SofDk;af6 k|To]s jif{
k|fKt x'g'kg]{, k|fKt ePsf]] / afFsL ;]jf z'Nssf] clen]v cBfjlws u/]sf] kfOPg . cflËs tyf
;DaGwg k|fKt SofDk;sf] cg'udg sfo{sf] sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug]{ / cg'udgaf6 sf/afxL l;kmfl/;
ePsf]]df sfof{Gjog l:ylt olsg x'g ;s]g . pRr lzIffsf] z}lIfs k|zf;gdf lj:tf/, ;'wf/,
gjk|jt{g / ;'zf;gnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ plrt /0fgLlt ckgfO{ sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
77. lqk'/]Zj/ dnsf] ef8f — ljZjljBfno / Ps Joj;foLaLr lqk'/]Zj/l:yt ;+o'Qm ljZj Jofkf/ s]Gb|
ejg #@ jif{sf] nflu ef8fdf lbg @)%(.!).@ df ;Demf}tf ePsf]] b]lvG5 . ;Demf}tfsf] bkmf *=@=@
df k|To]s dlxgfsf] 3/ ef8f dlxgf z'? ePsf] !% lbgleq a'emfO{ ;Sg'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . pQm ;dodf
ef8f ga'emfPdf @) k|ltztsf b/n] ljnDa z'Ns nfUg] Joj:yf 5 . Joj;foLn] @)^#.^$ b]lv
@)&$.&% ;Ddsf] 3/ ef8f ?=! s/f]8 ^! nfv / z'Ns ?=&^ nfv ;d]t ?=@ s/f]8 #& nfv
ga'emfPsf]df ljZjljBfnon] s'g} sf/afxL u/]sf] 5}g . ;Demf}tf cg';f/sf] ef8f /sd z'Ns;lxt
c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
78. hUuf ;+/If0f — ljZjljBfnoaf6 k|fKt ljj/0f cg';f/ ljZjljBfnosf] :jfldTjdf # xhf/ &@@ /f]kgL
!! cfgf # k};f hUuf x'g'kg]{df n]af]/]6/L :s'n, d]nDrL vfg]kfgL of]hgf, afujfgL s]Gb|, /fwf :jfdL
;T;+u Jof;, u0ftGq :df/s cfbL ;+:yfnfO{ sl/a &!! /f]kgL hUuf lg0f{o u/L tyf gu/L pknAw
u/fPsf] 5 . ljZjljBfnosf] hUufaf6 g} @) b]lv #) km'6;Dd rf}8fO{sf * ;8s lgdf{0f u/L
;fj{hlgs eO/x]sf]n] hUufsf] jf:tljs cj:yf olsg u/L nut /fv]sf] b]lvPg . ljZjljBfnosf]
:jfldTjdf s]Gb|Lo sfof{no kl/;/df /x]sf] ls=g+=#$ sf] !)* /f]kgL !$ cfgf @ k};f # bfd If]qkmn
hUuf n]jf]/]6/L :s'nn] k|of]u u/]sf]df ;f] afkt ljZjljBfnonfO{ s'g} cfo k|fKt ePsf]] b]lvFb}g . pQm
hUuf @)%&.$.!# df !% jif{sf] nflu pknAw u/fPsf]]df k6s k6s 5f8\g tfs]tf u/] klg 5f8]sf]
5}g . ljZjljBfnosf] ;DklQ z}lIfs k|of]hgdf dfq pkof]u u/L cGo lgsfonfO{ ef]urng ug{ lbg]
sfo{ lgoGq0f u/L ;+/If0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf]] 5 .
79. C0f tyf Aofh afFsL — ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Ln] ljleGg sf]ifaf6 lnPsf] C0fsf] ;fFjf
tyf Aofh tf]lsPsf] ;dodf r'Qmf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . k|fKt ljj/0f cg';f/ @)&$.&% ;Dd % xhf/
!$* lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Laf6 ?=* s/f]8 @( nfv & xhf/ C0f tyf Aofh c;'n ug{ afFsL /x]sf]
b]lvof] . tf]s]sf] ;dodf ;fFjf tyf Aofh r'Qmf gu/]sf]df c;'nLtkm{ sf/afxL ePsf] b]lvPg .
;Demf}tfsf] sfo{tflnsf cg';f/ c;'nL gx'Fbf ljZjljBfnosf] t/ntfdf sdL x'g'sf] ;fy} cGo lzIfs
tyf sd{rf/L C0f ;'ljwfaf6 jl~rt x'g] b]lvFbf lgod tyf ;Demf}tfcg';f/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
80. OG6/g]6 k|f]h]S6 — ljZjljBfnosf] ;"rgf s]Gb|df OG6«fg]6 / OG6/g]6 g]6js{ h8fg sfo{ ug{ ?=!@
s/f]8 !^ nfv %^ xhf/sf] nfut cg'dfg sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\af6 @)&$.*.!@ df :jLs[t u/L af]nkqdf
dfu u/]sf]df @ af]nkq bflvnf ePsf]df 36L saf]n ug]{ Ps lghL sDkgLsf] saf]n cÍ ?=!) s/f]8
%! nfv #* xhf/sf] k|:tfj @)&$.!@.!* df :jLs[t u/L @^ xKtfleq sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ ;Demf}tf
u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDg 5g\M
80.1. pQm nfut cg'dfgsf] cfwf/ v'nfPsf] 5}g . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ @)&%.^.@) ;Dd sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{kg]{df
@)&% cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd df]ljnfOh]zg k]:sL ?=! s/f]8 *^ nfv * xhf/ / ;e]{ l8hfOg sfo{
;DkGg ePsf] egL ?=#@ nfv ^* xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;e]{ l8hfOg :jLs[t u/L ;f]sf]
cfwf/df nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{kg]{df ;e]{ l8hfOg gu/L nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t eO{ af]nkq dfu
u/]sf] b]lvof] .
80.2. nfut cg'dfgsf %^ cfO6ddWo] af]nkqbftfn] saf]n gu/]sf] @ ;d]t % cfO6dsf] nfut 36fO{
af]nkq d"NofÍg u/]sf] kfOof] . nfut cg'dfgdf ;dfj]z u/L af]nkq cfJxfg u/]sf cfO6d 36fO{
af]nkq d"NofÍg ug{ ldNg] b]lvFb}g . o:tf] cj:yfn] pQm af]nkqdf :j:y k|lt:kwf{ ePsf]] b]lvPg .
80.3. af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftsf] sfo{ kl/df0f ;"rL -lacf]So'_ df j}b]lzs cjnf]sg e|d0f, j}b]lzs tflnd,
:yflgo tflnd, ;e]{ l8hfOg, h8fg tyf k/LIf0f / Ps jif{ jf/]06L ;kf]6{ u/L ^ cfO6ddf
?=@ s/f]8 $^ nfv #$ xhf/ e'QmfgL x'g] u/L nd;ddf /fvL ;Demf}tf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . nfut cg'dfg
tof/ ug{ ;lsg] / jf:tljs vr{sf] cfwf/df e'QmfgL ug]{u/L ;Demf}tf ug'{kg]{df nd;ddf /fvL
;Demf}tf ubf{ tL cfO6ddf nfut cg'dfgeGbf ?=&) nfv &$ xhf/ a9L e'QmfgL x'g] b]lvG5 .
k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] sfddf cjnf]sg e|d0f, j}b]lzs tflnd, Ps jif{sf] jf/]06L afkt ?=! s/f]8 !) nfv
$) xhf/ nd;ddf e'QmfgL x'g] u/L Joj:yf u/]sf] cf}lrTok"0f{ b]lvFb}g .
81. df]xL Joj:yfkg — e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf] kl/R5]b & df hUuf wgL / df]xLaLr hUuf afF8kmfF8
u/L df]xLsf] nut s§f ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . To:t} hUuf wgLsf] :jLs[tL a]u/ cfkm"v'zL ef}lts ;+/rgf
agfpg gkfpg] Joj:yf 5 . klAns o'y SofDk;, wf]ljrf}/sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] hUufdWo] % cfgf @
k};f ! bfd hUufdf kfFr df]xLn] ejg lgdf{0f u/L a;]sf] cj:yf 5 . SofDk;n] df]xL nut s§f ug]{
sfo{ u/]sf] b]lvFb}g . k|To]s jif{ % df]xLaf6 ?=%)) dfq s't afkt gub lng] u/]sf] b]lvof] . pko'{Qm
l:yltn] hUufaf6 ;dofg's'n cfDbfgL x'g g;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . P]gsf] k|fjwfg kfngf u/L cfDbfgLdf
;d]t ;dofg's"n j[l4 ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, aNv'
82. clen]vsf] ;'/Iff — sfof{non] ;Dkfbg ug]{ sfo{ k/LIffyL{ btf{, glthf k|sfzg nufot ;a} k|sf/sf
z}lIfs k|df0fkqsf] Joj:yfkg Pj+ ;'/Iff Jojl:yt x'g'kb{5 . sfof{non] ljB'tLo clen]v / xf8{ skL
e"sDk tyf cfunfuL h:tf k|sf]kaf6 ;'/lIft x'g] Joj:yf ldnfPsf] b]lvPg . To;}u/L @)%$
cufl8sf] clen]v x:tlnlvt dfq /x]sf] / sltko clen]v hL0f{ cj:yfdf /x]tfklg plrt Joj:yf
u/]sf] 5}g .clen]vsf] plrt Joj:yfkg tyf ;+/If0f u/L ;]jf k|jfxdf ;d]t ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
83. sfo{qmd ah]6 — pRr lzIff ;'wf/ kl/of]hgfaf6 vr{ Joxf]g]{ u/L 5kfO{ d]l;g, ;jf/L;fwg vl/b,
sDKo'6/ lk|G6/ vl/b, uf]bfd3/ lgdf{0f, kmlg{r/ vl/bnufot !! lsl;dsf sfo{sf] nflu @)&#.&$
df ?=!) s/f]8 #& nfv sfo{qmd ah]6 :jLs[t ePsf] 5 . of] jif{ bf];|f] ls:tfafkt ?=% s/f]8 !)
nfv lgsf;f ePsf] 5 . ut jif{sf] lhDd]jf/L ?=$ s/f]8 *( nfv !( xhf/;d]t ?=( s/f]8 (( nfv
!( xhf/ w/f}6L vftfdf hDdf u/L ?=@ s/f]8 @ nfv @% xhf/ vr{ u/L jiff{Gtdf ?=& s/f]8 (^

nfv ($ xhf/ afFsL /x]sf] 5 . lglZrt sfo{ ug{ k|fKt /sd w/f}6L vftfdf /fvL vr{ ub}{ hfg' ah]6
l;4fGt k|lts"n b]lvG5 .
lrlsT;f zf:q cWoog ;+:yfg, 8Lgsf] sfof{no
84. ;DaGwg — lqe'jg ljZjljBfno ;+u7g tyf z}lIfs k|zf;g;DaGwL lgod, @)%) sf] lgod #*) df
sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] cg';"rL % df plNnlvt zt{sf cltl/Qm cfjZos 7fg]df cGo zt{;d]t tf]sL
a9Ldf @ jif{sf nflu c:yfoL ;DaGwg k|bfg ug{;Sg] / lgod #*! df sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] :yfoL
;DaGwg lbg;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] cfjZos 7fg]df @ jif{sf nflu c:yfoL ;DaGwgsf]
cjlw yk ug{;Sg] pNn]v 5 . sfof{noaf6 k|fKt ljj/0f cg';f/ of] jif{;Dd !% sn]h ;~rfng ug{
cg'dtL lbO{ c:yfoL Dofb yk ub}{ ;~rfngdf /x]sf] b]lvof] .
;DaGwg :jLs[lt u/]kl5 ;~rflnt sn]hx?n] kfngf ug'{kg]{ cfrf/;+lxtf, sfo{ljlw,
dfu{bz{gnufot zt{sf] kfngf u/] gu/]sf], tf]lsPsf]] ;+Vofdf ljBfyL{ egf{ u/L tf]lsPsf]] z'Ns p7fP
gp7fPsf], zt{adf]lhdsf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tof/ u/] gu/]sf] ljifox?df cg'udg d"NofÍg u/L clen]v
;d]t cBfjlws ug'{kb{5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lg0f{o adf]lhd Pd=lj=lj=P;=sf] z'Ns pkTosfleq ?=#*
nfv %) xhf/ / aflx/ ?=$@ nfv $% xhf/ lgwf{/0f u/] klg ljleGg sn]hn] tf]s]eGbf a9L z'Ns
c;'n u/]sf] ;DaGwdf lgofds lgsfoaf6 cfjZos sf/afxL u/L lg/fs/0f u/]sf] b]lvPg .
k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ @)&$.&% ;Dd ljleGg !@ d]l8sn sn]h;Fu ?=( s/f]8 !! nfv #*
xhf/ ;+:yfut z'Ns p7\g afFsL /x]sf]df n]vfk/LIf0f cjlw -@)&% kmfNu'0f_ ;Dd !) ;+:yf;Fu ?=^
s/f]8 ^ nfv *! xhf/ afFsL /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;fy} sn]hn] ^÷^ dlxgfdf ljQLo ljj/0f k]; ug'{kg]{
Joj:yf eP klg tL sn]hn] k]; u/]sf] ljQLo ljj/0fsf] clen]v /fVg] u/]sf] b]lvPg . 8Lg sfof{non]
;DaGwg k|fKt lgsfosf] clen]v Jojl:yt u/L btf{, gjLs/0f, ;~rfng cj:yf, yk sfo{qmdsf]
:jLs[lt cflb v'Ng] u/L clen]v cBfjlws ug]{ / ;DaGwg cg';f/ sfo{;~rfng eP÷gePsf]
cg'udg d"NofÍg u/L b]lvPsf sdL sdhf]/Ldf ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
85. pQL0f{ l:ylt — lrlsT;f lzIff cWoog ;+:yfg dftxt dxf/fhu~h SofDk;, cfo'j]{b SofDk;,
lj/f6gu/, jL/u~h, kf]v/f / g]kfnu+h gl;{Ë ;d]t & cflËs SofDk; / !% ;DaGwg k|fKt sn]h
/x]sf 5g\ . :gfts tyf :gftsf]Q/ txdf ;~rflnt sfo{qmddWo] cflËs SofDk;df #@) / ;DaGwg
k|fKt sn]hdf ! xhf/ ^@% ;d]t ! xhf/ ($% ljBfyL{ k/LIffdf ;lDdlnt ePsf]]df ! xhf/ !@)
-%&=%* k|ltzt_ ljBfyL{ pQL0f{ ePsf]] b]lvG5 . cflËs SofDk;sf] ljBfyL{ #@) dWo] @** -()
k|ltzt_ pQL0f{ tyf ;DaGwg k|fKt SofDk;sf] ljBfyL{ ! xhf/ ^@% dWo] *#@ -%!=@) k|ltzt_
pQL0f{ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;DaGwg k|fKt sn]hn] nufgLcg';f/ ck]lIft glthf xfl;n gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf
;dLIff u/L ;'wf/ x'g'kb{5 .
dxf/fhuGh lrlsT;f SofDk;
86. vr{ Pj+ k|ult — SofDk;sf] nfuL of] jif{ k'FhLut sfo{df vr{ ug{ ?=#! s/f]8 (% nfv ah]6 :jLs[t
ePsf]df ?=!( nfv %! xhf/ -)=^! k|ltzt_ dfq u/]sf] 5 . k'FhLut;DaGwL sfo{sf] jflif{s sfo{qmd
:jLs[t u/]sf] 5}g . sfo{qmd :jLs[t u/L ah]6 k|:tfj ug]{ / ;f] cg';f/ vr{ ug'{kb{5 .
87. ljsf; ah]6 — ljZjljBfno ;efaf6 kfl/t ljsf; ah]6cg';f/ k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0faf6 lgsf;f x'g]
?=^ s/f]8 %) nfv @)&%.#.@$ df 8Lg sfof{no dfkm{t k|fKt ePsf]]df pQm /sd @)&%.#.#@ df
w/f}6L vftfdf hDdf u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmdsf] cfwf/df ;zt{ cg'bfg zLif{saf6 lgsf;f x'g] o:tf] /sd
vr{ gu/L df}Hbft /fVg ldNg] gb]lvPsf]n] ;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf x'g'kb{5 .

OlGhlgol/ª cWoog ;+:yfg, 8Lgsf] sfof{no
88. glthf l:ylt – z}lIfs ;+:yfx?df u/]sf] nufgLsf] plrt k|ltkmn k|fKt x'g'kb{5 . OlGhlgol/ª cWoog
;+:yfg k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{noaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ z}lIfs ;q @)^( b]lv @)&! ;Ddsf]
Ol~hlgol/ª :gfts $ jif]{ sfo{qmdsf] glthf lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5 .
;DaGwg k|fKt SofDk; tkm{
cflËs SofDk;tkm{ ljBfyL{ ;+Vof ;du|
z}lIfs ljBfyL{ ;+Vof
Jofr k/LIffdf plQ0f{ plQ0f{ k/LIffdf plQ0f{ plQ0f{ k/LIffdf plQ0f{
plQ0f{ ;+Vof
;xefuL ljBfyL{ ;+Vof k|ltzt ;xefuL ljBfyL{ ;+Vof k|ltzt ;xefuL ljBfyL{ k|ltzt
2069 1510 1206 79.87 1750 941 53.77 3260 2147 65.86
2070 1247 733 58.78 2002 580 28.97 3249 1313 40.41
2071 1151 627 54.47 1339 498 37.19 2490 1125 45.18
plNnlvt glthfcg';f/ cflËs SofDk;sf ljBfyL{sf] pQL0f{ k|ltzt ljut tLg jif{df 36\bf]
cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 . cflËs SofDk;sf] t'ngfdf lghL ;|f]taf6 ;~rflnt SofDk;sf] glthf sdhf]/
b]lvPsf] 5 . ljZjljBfnoaf6 cg'udg u/L cf+lËs tyf ;DaGwg k|fKt SofDk;sf] z}lIfs u'0f:t/
;'wf/ ug{ Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
kf]v/f gl;{ª SofDk;
89. hUuf lnh — SofDk; / Ps JolQmaLr kf]v/f dxfgu/kflnsf /fd3f6l:yt #$ /f]kgL If]qkmn /}s/
hUufdf ;lkË sDKn]S; / SofDk; ejg lgdf{0f ug{ @& jif{ lnhdf lbg] u/L @)^#.@.!) df ;Demf}tf
ePsf] 5 . pQm ;Demf}tf adf]lhd agfpg' kg]{ :yfoL ;+/rgf agfpg tTsflng kf]v/f pk
dxfgu/kflnsfaf6 @)^$.&.@( df gS;f kf; ePsf] / ;Demf}tfcg';f/ @ jif{ lgdf{0f cjlwsf] nflu
k|lt dlxgf ?=#% xhf/ / To;kl5 @% jif{sf nflu ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt tflnsf cg';f/ ef8f c;'n
ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . hUuf jxfndf lng] kIfn] ljljw sf/0f b]vfO{ xfn;Dd ljwfno ejg, ;lkË
sDKn]; h:tf :yfoL ;+/rgf lgdf{0f sfo{ z'?;Dd u/]sf] 5}g . pQm hUufdf Ps dfWolds ljBfno
;~rfng u/L Joj;flos sfo{df k|of]u u/]sf] 5 . s/f/ ;Demf}tfcGtu{t aSof}tf ef8f ?=@* nfv $!
xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 . ;Demf}tf adf]lhd hUuf Joj:yfkg ug{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]tn] Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
g]kfn ;+:s[t ljZjljBfno
;+:s[t efiff Pj+ lzIffsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f / o;sf] d"No dfGotfsf] hu]gf{ ug{ @)$# df g]kfn ;+:s[t
ljZjljBfnosf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . ljZjljBfno cGtu{t s]Gb|Lo sfof{no, k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, cg';Gwfg
s]Gb|, ;Dks{ sfof{no, ;]jf cfof]usf] sfof{no, cfo'j]{b cWoog ;+:yfg 8Lg sfof{no, ljBfkL7 !$, ;+:s[t
dfWoflds ljBfno @ / cGo sfof{no $ ;d]t @% sfof{no /x]sf 5g\ .
90. hUuf cltqmd0f — ljZjljBfno cGtu{t !@ cflËs SofDk; / s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] gfddf ! xhf/
&!* la3f !* s6\7f % w'/ / !)@ /f]kgL ( cfgf !@ k};f ! bfd hUuf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . bfË
b]pv'/Ll:yt ! xhf/ ^^@ la3f hUufdWo] !@@ lj3fsf] cfo:tf k|fKt x'g] u/]sf], $^ lj3f sfof{no
k|of]hgdf /x]sf] / afFsL ! xhf/ $*$ lj3f hUufdWo] %)) la3fdf df]xL /x]sf] / cGo hUuf @)%*
;fnb]lv ljleGg JolQmaf6 cltqmd0f eO{ hUufsf] pkof]u ug{ g;s]sf] ;DaGwdf ljut jif{sf]
k|ltj]bgdf ;d]t cf}+NofPsf]df ;'wf/ ePsf] b]lvPg . ljZjljBfnon] cfˆgf] hUuf xsef]udf lnO{
cfocfh{g ug'{kb{5 .
91. k]:sL — ljZjljBfnosf] cfly{s k|zf;g;DaGwL lgod, @)^& sf] lgod ## df tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq}
k]:sL km5\of}6 ug'{kg]{ / gu/]df afFsL /sddf jflif{s !) k|ltztsf b/n] Aofh;d]t lng] Joj:yf 5 .
of] jif{;Dd !& lgsfosf kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L / ;+:yfsf] gfddf ?=! s/f]8 () nfv k]:sL afFsL
b]lvPsf]n] lgodfg';f/ km5\of}{6 x'g'kb{5 .
ljZjljBfnosf pks'nkltnufotsf kbflwsf/L Sofgf8f e|d0fdf hfgsf] nflu afNdLsL
ljBfkL7sf Ps pkk|fWofksnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt ePkl5 ldnfg ug]{u/L s]Gb|Lo sfof{noaf6
?=!) nfv k]:sL @)&$.!!.!& df lbPsf]] 5 . Sofgf8f e|d0fsf] sfo{qmd s'n;lrjaf6 lg0f{o u/]sf]df
pQm e|d0f ;DaGwdf 5fglag ug{ ul7t ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg ;d]taf6 lghx? JolQmut tj/af6
e|d0fdf uPsf]]n] ;/sf/L ah]6af6 e'QmfgL ug{ gldNg] b]lvFbf c;'n km5\of}{6 ug'{kb{5 .
kf]v/f ljZjljBfno
pRr lzIffsf] kx'rdf ;'wf/ ug]{ p2]Zon] ;~rflnt ax' ljZjljBfnox?dWo] kf]v/f ljZj ljBfno
kfFrf} ljZjljBfnosf]?kdf @)%$ df kf]v/fsf] n]vgfydfdf :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . ;f] ljZjljBfnocGtu{t $
;+sfo / k/LIff Joj:yfkgsf nflu k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no /x]sf] 5 .
92. ;DaGwg – lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] ;DaGwg ;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)%^ sf] lgod % df ;fwf/0f / k|fljwLs
b'a} ljifodf :gftssf] nflu j9Ldf $ jif{ ;Ddsf nflu / :gfsf]Q/ txdf j9Ldf # jif{ ;Ddsf nflu
c:yfoL ;DaGwg k|bfg u/Lg], c:yfoL ;DaGwg k|bfg u/L ;~rfngdf /x]sf sfo{qmdx?sf nflu
k|To]s %.% jif{df sfo{sf/L k/Lifb\n] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] z'Ns lnO{ gjLs/0f ub}{ hfg] / lgod ^ adf]lhd
;DaGwgsf ;a} zt{ k'/f u/L Ps cjlw;Dd lg/Gt/ c:yfoL ;DaGwg k|fKt ul/;s]sf SofDk; jf
lzIf0f ;+:yfnfO{ ;DalGwt ljBf kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] :yfoL ;DaGwg lbg;Sg]
Joj:yf 5 .
o; ljZj ljBfnon] :yfkgfsfn b]lv @)^*.^( ;Dd %* lzIf0f;:yfnfO{ c:yfoL ;DaGwg
k|bfg u/]sf] / tTkZrft ;DaGwg k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfx?df sfo{qmd yksf] :jLs[lt dfq lbFb} cfPsf] 5 .
c:yfoL ;DaGwg k|fKt u/]sf %* lzIf0f ;:yfx?nfO{ lbPsf] c:yfoL ;DaGwg pQm lgodfjnL cg';f/
k|To]s jif{ gjLs/0f u/fpg' kg]{df ;f] gjLs/0f u/]sf] 5}g . ;fy} tL ;+:yfdWo] s'g} klg ;+:yfnfO{
:yfoL ;DaGwg k|bfg u/]sf] 5}g .
dWoklZrdf~rn ljZjljBfno
snf, lj1fg lrlsT;fzf:q, sfg"g, Joj:yfkg, lzIff, k|fljlws tyf cGo Jofj;flos ljifodf cWoog,
cWofkg / cg';Gwfg ug]{ sfd ;d]tsf] nflu dWoklZrdf~rn ljZjljBfno P]g, @)^& cg';f/ :yfkgf eO{
;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . ljZjljBfno cGtu{t s]Gb|Lo sfof{no, ;]jf cfof]u, k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;+sfo
%, lgb]{zgfno @, s]Gb| @, k/LIff Joj:yfkg sfof{no / s]Gb|Lo SofDk; % ;d]t !% lgsfo ;~rfngdf 5g\ .
ljZjljBfno cGtu{t :gfts txdf @ xhf/ !^) / :gftsf]Q/ txdf **^ ;d]t @ xhf/ $^ ljBfyL{
cWoog/t 5g\ .
93. cg'bfg — ljZjljBfnon] !) SofDk;nfO{ cflËs SofDk; agfpg] gLlt cg'?k tL SofDk;nfO{ ef}lts
k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] nflu ljZjljBfno cg'bfg cfof]uaf6 k|fKt ?=* s/f]8dWo] k|lt SofDk; ?=#)
nfvsf] b/n] ?=# s/f]8 k|yd ls:tf lgsf;f k7fPsf] 5 . lgsf;f /sdsf] pkof]u ;DaGwdf k|ult
ljj/0f lnO{ cg'udg u/]sf] 5}g . cg'bfgsf] cg'udg ug'{kg]{ tyf art /sd lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf]] 5 .
94. ejg lgdf{0f — ljZjljBfnosf] OlGhlgol/ª s]Gb|Lo SofDk; ejg lgdf{0f sfo{ @)&$.&.!! leq
;DkGg ug{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=!# s/f]8 ($ nfv &@ xhf/sf] ;Demf}tf ePsf]] 5 . jiff{ofd,
rf8kj{ lgdf{0f ;fdu|L cefj h:tf sf/0f pNn]v u/L k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ glng] u/L Dofb yk u/]sf],
Dofb yksf] sf/0f lgdf{0f cjlw a9\g uO{ k/fdz{ ;]jfdf ?=!@ nfv &# xhf/ yk Jooef/ k/]sf] /
*) k|ltzt e'QmfgL ubf{ df]ljnfOh]zg k]:sL km5\of}{6 ug'{kg]{df *#=&% k|ltzt e'QmfgL ePklg ?=#@
nfv && xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] / hdfgtsf] Dofb ;d]t @)&#.$.!% df g} ;dfKt ePsf]]n] k]:sL
hf]lvddf /x]sf] 5 . pQm k]:sL Aofh;lxt c;'n u/L ;Demf}tfsf zt{ adf]lhd lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg
x'g'kb{5 .
;'b"/klZrdf~rn ljZjljBfno
snf, lj1fg, lrlsT;fzf:q, sfg"g, Joj:yfkg, lzIff, k|fljlws tyf cGo Jofj;flos ljifodf
cWoog, cWofkg / cg';Gwfg ug]{ nufotsf sfdsf] nflu ;'b"/klZrdf~rn ljZjljBfno P]g, @)^& cg';f/
:yfkgf eO{ ;~rfng x'Fb}{ cfPsf] 5 . ljZjljBfno cGtu{t s]Gb|Lo sfof{no, ;]jf cfof]u, k/LIff lgoGq0f
sfof{no, ;+sfo % ljefu ^ / s]Gb|Lo SofDk; ;d]t !$ lgsfo /x]sf 5g\ .
95. n]vfk|0ffnL — ljZjljBfno P]gsf] bkmf ## df ljZjljBfnon] cfˆgf] cfo—Joosf] n]vf g]kfn
;/sf/n] ckgfPsf] n]vfk|0ffnL cg';f/ /fVg''kg]{ pNn]v 5 . P]g nfu" ePsf]] * jif{;Dd klg n]vfsf]
9fFrf gtf]s]sf], n]vf gLlt tof/ gu/]sf] / cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf u/]sf]] 5}g . g]kfn
;/sf/n] g]kfn n]vfdfg :jLs[t u/L nfu" u/L ;s]sf]n] ljZjljBfnon] n]vfdfg cg';f/ k|f]befjL
l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df n]vfsf] 9fFrf tf]sL sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
96. ;dflxt — lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf] cflËs SofDk;sf] ?kdf ;~rflnt l;4gfy lj1fg SofDk; /
;DaGwg k|fKt l;4gfy ax'd'vL SofDk;nfO{ ;+o'Qm ?kdf ;dflxt u/L ;f]xL kl/;/df of] ljZjljBfno
:yfkgf ug]{ pNn]v eP tfklg l;4gfy lj1fg SofDk; P]g nfu" ePsf]] * jif{;Dd klg ljZjljBfno
dftxt cfPsf] 5}g .
97. d"No ;dfof]hg — vl/b ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd j]; /]6 / j[l4 ePsf]] k|fO; O08]S;sf] d"No
;dfof]hg lbFbf vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] sfd ;DkGg ug'{kg]{ ldlt;Ddsf] k|fO; O08]S;sf cfwf/df dfq lbg]
Joj:yf 5 . ljZjljBfnon] z}lIfs / k|zf;lgs ejg lgdf{0f sfo{sf lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ z'? vl/b
;Demf}tfsf] Dofb -@)&#.*.@!_ sf] k|fO; O08]S;sf] cfwf/df lbg'kg]{df Dofb yk ePsf]] cjlwsf]
cfwf/df u0fgf u/L ?=!^ nfv (# xhf/ d"No ;dfof]hg a9L e'QmfgL lbPsf]]n] c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
98. b/aGbL Joj:yfkg — cy{ dGqfnon] ljZjljBfnosf] b/aGbL :jLs[t ug{ lbPsf]] ;xdtL kqdf ;]jf
cfof]uaf6 k|lt:kwf{sf] dfWodaf6 kbk"lt{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . ljZjljBfnosf] % ;b:oLo
sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\df # ;b:o dfq k"lt{ ePsf] / ;f]dWo] pks'nklt tyf /lhi6«f/ u/L @ ;b:o dfqsf]
pkl:yltdf @!& lzIfs tyf sd{rf/L ;dfof]hg / lgo'lQmsf] lg0f{o u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm lg0f{o
k|lqmofdf ;]jf cfof]usf] ;+nUtf /x]sf] b]lvPg . ;fljssf ;fd'bflos SofDk;x?n] ljZjljBfnodf k];
u/]sf] sfuhftnfO{ dfq cfwf/ agfO{ 5fglag / cWoog g} gu/L clwsf+z lzIfs tyf sd{rf/Lsf]
;dfof]hg u/]sf] Joxf]/f 5fglag ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePsf]] b]lvG5 . SofDk; ;dflxt,
b/aGbL :jLs[t Pj+ lgo'lQm k|lqmof ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L sf/afxL ug'{kb{5 .
s[lif tyf jg lj1fg ljZjljBfno
s[lif, kz' tyf jg If]qdf u'0f:t/Lo lzIf0f, cg';Gwfg / lj:tf/sf] dfWodaf6 u|fdL0f If]qsf]
;fdflhs, cfly{s cj:yf clej[l4 ug]{ nIo;lxt @)^& df o; ljZjljBfno :yfkgf ePsf] xf] .
ljZjljBfno cGtu{t s]Gb|Lo sfof{no, cg';Gwfg tyf k|rf/ lgb]{zgfno, k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no / #
ljifout ;+sfo / ! SofDk; ;d]t & lgsfo / @ cflËs SofDk; /x]sf 5g\ .
99. ;DaGwg — s[lif tyf jg lj1fg ljZjljBfno P]g, @)^& sf] bkmf !( df lghL If]qsf SofDk;x?n]
ljZjljBfno;Fu ;DaGwg k|fKt u/L ;~rfng x'g rfx]df ljZjljBfnon] tf]s] adf]lhd To:tf
SofDk;nfO{ ;DaGwg k|bfg ug{;Sg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . ljZjljBfnosf] @)&%.#.@) df a;]sf]
sfo{sfl/ kl/ifb\sf] j}7saf6 lghL sn]hx?nfO{ ;d]t c:yfoL ;DaGwg lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
ljZjljBfno;Fu ;DaGwg lng !$ ;+:yf÷sn]hx?n] k|:tfj k]; u/]sf]dWo] k|fl1s kl/ifb\n] !)
;+:yf÷sn]hx?nfO{ lzkmfl/; u/]sf]df kl/ifb\af6 & sn]hnfO{ s[lif lj1fg / ! sn]hdf jg lj1fgsf]
c:yfoL ;DaGwg k|bfg u/]sf] b]lvof] . ;DaGwg k|fKt ug]{dWo] ! ;xsf/L ;+:yf / cGo ;a} lghL
sn]hx? /x]sf 5g\ .
100. s[lif kmfd{sf] cfo — s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf $ s[lif kmfd{ ;~rfng x'Fb}{ cfPsf 5g\ . pQm $ kmfd{sf]
k|ToIf ;~rfng vr{ ?=! s/f]8 &) nfv @* xhf/ /x]sf]]df kmfd{sf] pTkfbg ?=%* nfv # xhf/ -#$
k|ltzt_ /x]sf] 5 . vr{sf] t'ngfdf cfDbfgL Go"g ePsf]] b]lvFbf ldtJooL ?kdf vr{ Joj:yfkg ug'{kg]{
b]lvG5 .

aL=kL=sf]O/fnf d]df]l/on Knfg]6]l/od, cAh/e]6/L / lj1fg ;+u|xfno ljsf; ;ldlt
101. d]l;g/L pks/0fsf] pkof]u — ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] vl/b u/]sf d]l;g/L cf}hf/ pks/0f p2]Zo cg'?k
k|of]udf Nofpg'kb{5 . ;ldltn] lj1fg ;+u|xfnodf k|bz{gLdf /fVg] k|of]hgsf] nflu l8=Pg=P=nlg{Ë
;]G6/;Fu ;DalGwt ?=!^ nfv !* xhf/, jg:klt ;+u|xfno;Fu ;DalGwt ?=!* nfv @@ xhf/ / ly|
l8=l;g]df xn;Fu ;DalGwt ?=! s/f]8 &! nfv ;d]t ?=@ s/f]8 % nfv $) xhf/sf] d]l;g, cf}hf/
pks/0f vl/b u/]sf] 5 . tL ;fdfgx? @)&% kmfNu'0f;Dd klg p2]Zo cg'?k pkof]udf gNofPsf] /
jf/]06L cjlw Ps jif{dWo] * dlxgf ;dfKt eO;s]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf 5nkmn ubf{ sltko
;fdfgx? pkof]uL g/x]sf] eGg] ;d]t hfgsf/L k|fKt eof] . ;fdfg vl/b / pkof]u ;DaGwdf 5fglag
u/L olsg x'g'kb{5 .
hgs lzIff ;fdu|L s]Gb| lnld6]8, @)&$.&%
sDkgL P]g, @)@! cGtu{t ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ :jfldTjdf of] s]Gb| @)#% df :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . g]kfn
;/sf/sf] nflu cfjZos z}lIfs ;fdu|L, kf7\ok':ts, lzIfs lgb]{Zfg k'l:tsf, z}lIfs gS;f, l:6s/ cflb
k|sfzg tyf pTkfbg u/L lgWff{l/t d"Nodf pknAw u/fpg] o; ;+:yfsf] d'Vo p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 . of] jif{ @
s/f]8 #) nfv yfg lstfa 5kfO ug]{ nIo /x]sf]df ! s/f]8 *! nfv yfg 5kfO u/L &( k|ltzt pknlAw
xfl;n u/]sf] 5 .
102. ljQLo l:ylt / ;~rfng glthf – cfly{s jif{sf] cGtdf k'FhL / hu]8f sf]if ?=$% s/f]8 ^$ nfv,
;+lrt gf]S;fgL ?=! ca{ *^ s/f]8 *^ nfv, dWod tyf bL3{sfnLg C0f ?=! ca{ %& s/f]8 $^ nfv,
rfn' ;Dklt ?=^* s/f]8 $@ nfv, rfn' bfloTj ?=*% s/f]8 ^ nfv / l:y/ ;DklQ ?=#@ s/f]8 *&
nfv /x]sf] 5 . of] jif{ s'n laqmL ?=! ca{ @@ s/f]8 #$ nfv ePsf]df laqmLsf] nfut ?=&% s/f]8
%$ nfv, k|zf;lgs vr{ ?=@@ s/f]8 #@ nfv, Jofh vr{ ?=!@ s/f]8 (& nfv / x|f; vr{ ?=*(
nfv eO{ s/ cl3sf] gfkmf ?=!! s/f]8 ^( nfv /x]sf] 5 .
103. nfut ljZn]if0f – ljut $ jif{df s]Gb|af6 pTkflbt ;fdu|Lsf] nfut ljZn]if0f ubf{ @)&!.&@ b]lv
@)&$.&% ;Dd k|lt o'lg6 lstfa 5kfO qmdzM ?=$$=&@, ?=$!=##, ?=%$=^* / ?=$!=)^ nfu]sf]
b]lvof] . @)&!.&@ sf] t'ngfdf @)&@.&# df k|lt o'lg6 pTkfbg nfut &=%* k|ltztn] / @)&$.&%
df *=!* k|ltzt sdL cfPsf] tyf @)&#.&$ df k|lt o'lg6 @@=@& k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] b]lvG5 .
@)&!.&@ sf] pTkfbg vr{nfO{ cfwf/ lnFbf @)&#.&$ sf] pTkfbg nfut ? ^& s/f]8 !# nfv nfUg]df
? *@ s/f]8 !) nfv vr{ eO{ ?=!$ s/f]8 (^ nfv a9L vr{ ePsf] 5 . pTkfbgsf] nfut 36g]
k|j[lQ /x]sf]df @)&#.&$ df dfq c:jfefljs ?kn] j[l4 ePsf] ;DaGwdf 5fglag ug'{kb{5 .
104. shf{ bfloTj – s]Gb|n] ltg'{kg]{ shf{ @)&% cfiff9 d;fGtdf ?=! ca{ %& s/f]8 $^ nfv /x]sf]
b]lvG5 . ljleGg a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 lnPsf] shf{sf] Aofh;d]t lgwf{l/t ;dodf e'QmfgL gu/L
xhf{gf ltg'kg]{ cj:yf 5 . of] jif{ ltg'{kg]{ Aofh / xhf{gf ?=!$ s/f]8 %( nfv /x]sf] 5 . s]Gb|n]
k6s k6s shf{ gjLs/0f ug{ gful/s nufgL sf]ifnfO{ kqfrf/ u/] klg shf{ gjLs/0f gePsf] /
;femf k|sfzgaf6 o; jif{sf] cGTodf ?=* s/f]8 !& nfv lng afFsL /x]sf] 5 . p7fpg'kg]{ /sd
p7fpg], pTkfbg nfut 36fpg] / k|zf;lgs vr{ s6f}tL u/L s]Gb|sf] ljQLo / ;~rfng cj:yfdf
;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
105. C0ffTds g]6jy{ – s]Gb| ljutb]lv lg/Gt/ gf]S;fgLdf /x]sf] 5 . ut jif{ ;Ddsf] ;l~rt
gf]S;fgL ?=@ ca{ # s/f]8 #* nfv / g]6jy{ ?= ! ca{ %& s/f]8 &$ nfv C0ffTds /x]sf]df
of] jif{sf] cGtdf ;l~rt gf]S;fgL ?=! ca{ () s/f]8 ^# nfv / g]6jy{ ? ! ca{ $% s/f]8
C0ffTds /x]sf] b]lvG5 . lg/Gt/ 3f6fdf uO/x]sf] ;+:yfnfO{ gfkmfdf n}hfg Jofj;flos
sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug{ lj1 ;d"x u7g u/L cWoog u/fP tfklg k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjog ePsf]
kfOPg .

cg'udg / a]?h"
• cg'udg — ut ljutsf k|ltj]bgdf cg'bfgsf] cg'udg gePsf], ljBfno ef}lts ejg lgdf{0f tyf dd{t
;'wf/ ;dodf gePsf], vr{ eO{ afFsL /sd lkmtf{ gu/]sf], d"n pQ/k'l:tsf a9L 5kfO{ u/]sf], lqe'jg
ljZjljBfnosf s]xL lgsfon] ;dod} n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fPsf] nufotsf Joxf]/fdf of] jif{ klg ;'wf/ ePsf]
5}g . ljutsf Joxf]/f k'g/fj[lQ gx'g] u/L sfo{;Dkfbg ug'{kb{5 .
• a]?h" l:ylt — of] jif{ dGqfno / dftxt;d]tsf lgsfosf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] a]?h"sf] l:ylt b]xfo
cg';f/ 5M
➢ ;/sf/L sfof{notkm{ !!@ lgsfodf ?=& ca{ @@ s/f]8 $# nfv &% xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes
k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fPkl5 ?=* s/f]8 !^ nfv *% xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=& ca{ !$ s/f]8 @^
nfv () xhf/ afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=!% s/f]8 *( nfv #! xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 .
➢ ;+ul7t ;+:yf @)( tkm{ ?=$ ca{ () s/f]8 #$ nfv ** xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg
pknAw u/fPkl5 ?=&* s/f]8 *& nfv %! xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=$ ca{ !! s/f]8 $& nfv #&
xhf/ a]?h" afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=@^ s/f]8 #^ nfv %# xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL
ljj/0f cg';"rL !^ df 5 .

>d, /f]huf/ tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff dGqfno
dGqfnosf] sfo{If]qdf >d tyf /f]huf/;DaGwL gLlt, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf] th'{df sfof{Gjog,
;dGjo, cg'udg / d"NofÍg, >d zlQm / >dahf/;DaGwL cWoog, cg';Gwfg, tYofÍ ;Íng tyf ljZn]if0f,
>lds / Joj:yfksaLrsf] ;DaGw, /f]huf/, ;]jf tyf >lds cfk"lt{, >ldsx?sf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff, ljb]zLx?sf
nflu >d :jLs[ltnufotsf sfo{ /x]sf 5g\ . dGqfno;d]t $# lgsfoaf6 ;]jf k|afx x'+b} cfPsf] 5 .
dGqfno / dftxt lgsfosf] of] jif{ ljlgof]hg ?=! ca{ @! nfv #* xhf/, /fh:j ?=$ s/f]8 *!
nfv &% xhf/, w/f}6L ?=! ca{ (& s/f]8 $^ nfv % xhf/ / cGo sf/f]af/ ?=$) ca{ @) s/f]8 && nfv #*
xhf/;d]t ?=$# ca{ @# s/f]8 @^ nfv %^ xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;f] sf/f]af/sf]
1. cfjlws of]hgf / ah]6 sfof{Gjog – cfjlws of]hgf tyf ah]6df ;dfj]z ePsf] sfo{:yn b'3{6gf
aLdf, dft[Tj ;+/If0f aLdf, la/fdL / cf}iflw pkrf/ nfu" ug]{ ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, PsLs[t ;fdflhs
;'/Iff;DaGwL P]g, pBf]u tyf Jofj;flos k|lti7fgx?sf] sfo{ jftfj/0fnfO{ :jR5 / ;'/lIft agfpg
Joj;fohGo :jf:Yo / ;'/Iff;DaGwL gLlt lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5}g . k|To]s k|b]zdf Pp6f
ljifout ;Lk ljsf; tflnd s]Gb| :yfkgf ul/g] Joxf]/f rf}wf}F of]hgfdf pNn]v ePsf]df ;a} k|b]zdf
o:tf] tflnd s]Gb| :yfkgf ePsf] 5}g .
cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% sf] ah]6 jStJodf Ps jif{leq ljk|]if0fnfO{ cf}krfl/s dfWodaf6
leœofpg j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg' cl3 clgjfo{ ?kdf a}Í vftf vf]Ng'kg{{] / ;f]xL vftfdf ljk|]if0f
k7fOg] Joj:yf ldnfpg] ;d]t pNn]v ePsf]df b'a} Joj:yf sfof{Gjog ePsf] kfOPg . cfjlws
of]hgf Pj+ ah]6 jQmJodf plNnlvt Joxf]/f sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
;'/lIft cfk|jf;g kl/of]hgf
2. n]vfk/LIf0f – cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf !^-@_ adf]lhd k|To]s sfof{non] ;j} k|sf/sf
cfo Joosf] n]vf / cfly{s ljj/0f k]; u/L dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{noaf6 clGtd n]vfk/LIf0f
u/fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . dGqfnon] l:j; ;xof]ucGtu{t ;'/lIft cfk|jf;g kl/of]hgfsf] nflu cg'bfg
k|fKt ubf{ ;Demf}tfsf] bkmf !! adf]lhd …sÚ ju{sf] n]vfk/LIfsaf6 n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg] u/L ;Demf}tf
u/]sf] kfOof] . of] jif{ ?=@) s/f]8 !* nfv !( xhf/ ;f]em} e'QmfgL ePsf] b]lvG5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg
/ k|rlnt sfg'gsf] ljk/Lt x'g] u/L j}b]lzs ;xfotf u|x0f ug{ ;Demf}tf ug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/
agfO{ ;f]em} e'QmfgL /sdsf] n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg'kb{5 .
>d ljefu
3. u}/g]kfnL >lds cg'udg – >d ljefun] o; jif{ rLg, ef/t, cd]l/sf, a]nfot, ci6«]lnofnufot
d'n'ssf ! xhf/ ^)* gful/snfO{ g]kfndf sfd ug{ >d :jLs[t lbPsf] / (^@ sf] gjLs/0f u/]sf]
5 . ltgLx?dWo] >d :jLs[ltsf] zt{adf]lhd sfd u/] gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf ljefuaf6 cg'udg ePsf]
5}g . >d :jLs[ltsf] cjlweGbf a9L cjlw sfo{/t /x]sf], Ps k|sf/sf] le;f lnPsf] u}/g]kfnL
gful/sn] cs}{ k|s[ltsf] sfo{ u/]sf] cj:yf 5 . ljleGg k|s[ltsf le;fsf] :jLs[lt lbg] lgsfo a]Unf
a]Un} /x]sf] / tL lgsfoaLr ;dGjo gePsf] l:ylt 5 . cgf}krfl/s If]qdf sfo{/t u}/g]kfnL;d]tsf]
cWoog Pj+ k~hLs/0f ug]{ p2]Zon] ljut jif{ sfo{qmd /fv] klg sfof{Gjog gePsf]df o; jif{
sfo{qmd;d]t /fv]sf] b]lvPg . To; ;DaGwdf ;dGjo Pj+ cg'udg ug'{kb{5 .

>d /f]huf/ tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff dGqfno
j}b]lzs /f]huf/ ljefu
4. j}b]lzs /f]huf/L] l:ylt – j}b]lzs /f]huf/ P]g, @)^$ sf] bkmf # df g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fhkqdf ;"rgf
k|sflzt u/L j}b]lzs /f]huf/ Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{ kfpg] d'n's tf]Sg] pNn]v 5 . o; cfly{s
jif{;Dd ;+:yfut ?kdf !!) / JolQmut ?kdf !&@ b]zdf j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf] nflu k7fpg÷hfg
v'Nnf u/]sf]df xfn O/fs / lnljofdf /f]Ssf u/]sf] pNn]v 5 . cfly{s jif{ @)&@.&# df ^ nfv $@
xhf/ %&&, @)&#.&$ df ^ nfv $# xhf/ !^% / @)&$.&% df ^ nfv !@ xhf/ ^*% JolQm
/f]huf/Lsf nflu ljb]zdf uPsf] b]lvG5 .
j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg >d :jLs[lt k|fKt !$@ b]zdWo] !)! b]zdf /f]huf/Ldf uPsf] b]lvG5 .
/f]huf/Ldf uPsf] dWo] * b]z;Fu dfq >d ;Demf}tf
ePsf] 5 . j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf uPsf dWo] ! b]lv %) of] jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 d'VotM j}b]lzs
hgf;Dd uPsf b]z ;+Vof !)!, !)) hgf;Dd uPsf cg'bfgsf] n]vfk/LIf0f afXo
b]z ;+Vof %, Ps xhf/;Dd uPsf b]z ;+Vof @!, % n]vfk/LIfsaf6 u/fpg] u/L ;Demf}tf
xhf/;Dd uPsf b]z ;+Vof ^, %) xhf/;Dd uPsf b]z
u/]sf], j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf nflu @ b]z;Fu
;+Vof % / %) xhf/eGbf a9L uPsf b]z ;+Vof $ /x]sf]
b]lvG5 . To;dWo] dn]l;of / blIf0f sf]l/of /f]huf/Ldf dfq z"Go nfutsf] ;Demf}tf ePsf], cfo
hfg]sf] nflu z"Go nfutdf ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . cGo n]vfÍg Jojl:yt gePsf], ;]jf k||jfx
;DefJo b]zdf ;d]t z"Go nfutdf ;Demf}tf ug{ k|of; Jojl:yt gePsf], k|mL le;f÷k|mL l6s6sf]
ug'{kb{5 . k|efjsf/L cg'udg gePsf], p2]Zo
cg'?k sf]ifsf] pkof]u gePsf], sf]ifdf
5. cfo n]vfÍg – j}b]lzs /f]huf/ P]g, @)^$ sf] bkmf #@ art lgliqmo /x]sf], ;]jf z'Nssf] /sd
cg';f/ j}b]lzs /f]huf/df uPsf tyf j}b]lzs p2]Zo ljk/Lt vr{ u/]sf] nufotsf
/f]huf/af6 kmsL{ cfPsf sfdbf/ tyf lghsf] kl/jf/sf]
Joxf]/f b]lvPsf]n] ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
;fdflhs ;'/Iff tyf sNof0fsf] nflu j}b]lzs /f]huf/
k|j4{g af]8{ dftxt /xg] u/L j}b]lzs /f]huf/
sNof0fsf/L sf]ifsf] :yfkgf ePsf] / pQm sf]ifdf of] jif{ ?=! ca{ ^@ s/f]8 * nfv hDdf ePsf] 5 .
j}b]lzs /f]huf/ ljefun] j}b]lzs /f]huf/ Joj:ffo ;~rfng ug{ cg'dlt lbFbf / gjLs/0f
ubf{ b:t'/ lng]ub{5 . j}b]lzs /f]huf/df hfg] JolQmnfO{ cg'dlt k|bfg ubf{ lnOg] b:t'/ %
sfof{noaf6 c;'n x'g] Joj:yf 5 . pQm b:t'/ c;'n ug]{ sfof{nodf cfDbfgLsf] n]vf /fVg] u/]sf] 5}g .
k|To]s sfof{non] k|fKt b:t'/sf] n]vf/fVg], a}Í lx;fa le8fg ug]{ / tL sfof{nosf] sf]ifdf /sd
6«fG;km/ ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
6. w/f}6L – j}b]lzs /f]huf/ P]g, @)^$ df j}b]lzs /f]huf/ Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{ Ohfht lng]
;+:yfaf6 tf]lsPadf]lhd w/f}6L lng] / w/f}6Lsf] kl/rfngaf6 k|fKt Aofh j}b]lzs /f]huf/ sNof0fsf/L
sf]ifdf hDdf ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . ljefusf] w/f}6L vftfdf ?=! ca{ !% s/f]8 $^ nfv #) xhf/ afFsL
/x]sf] 5 . pQm /sddWo] ?=&) s/f]8 ljleGg …sÚ ju{sf a}Ídf d'2tL vftfdf nufgL u/]sf]df
nufgLaf6 k|fKt Aofhsf] n]vfÍg ePsf] ;'lglZrt x'g] cj:yf 5}g . w/f}6L vftfdf /fVg'kg]{ Go"gtd
/sdsf] cg'dfg u/L afFsL /sd kl/rfng ug'{kb{5 .
7. ;]jf k|jfx – j}b]lzs /f]huf/ ljefucGtu{t j}b]lzs /f]huf/df hfg]nfO{ :jLs[lt k|bfg ug{ sf7df8f}F
sfof{no, dn]l;of, ;fpbL, stf/, O{kLP; blIf0f sf]l/of zfvf;d]t % sfof{no /x]sf]df xfn
k|b]z:t/sf sfof{noaf6 ;d]t :jLs[t k|bfg ug{ z'? u/]sf] 5 . :ynut cjnf]sg ubf{ ce}m klg tL
sfof{nodf cJojl:yt le8 /xg] u/]sf], ;]jf lng k]; ug'{kg]{ sfuhft tyf z'Ns ;DaGwdf sfdbf/
;';"lrt gePsf] / dWo:ystf{dfk{mt ;]jf lng'kg]{ cj:yf ljBdfg /x]sf] b]lvof] . sf7df8f}F sfof{nodf
;]jfu|fxLnfO{ ;'ljwfk|bfg ug{ 6f]sg k|0ffnL nfu' ug{ oGq pks/0f, ;ˆ6j]o/ cflbsf] Joj:yf eP klg
6f]sg k|0ffnL Jojl:yt tj/n] nfu" u/]sf] b]lvPg .

;]jfu|fxLn] cgnfO{g k|0ffnLaf6 kmf/fd ebf{ ;f] kmf/fddf 6f]sg gDa/ ;d]t cfpg] Joj:yf 5 .
cgnfOg kmf/fddf g} 6f]sg gDa/ /fVbf kmf/fd klxnf] eg]{ t/ sfof{nodf kl5 k'Ug] JolQmn] klxn]
;]jf kfpg] ePsf]n] ;]jfu|fxLdf c;Gt'li6 /x]sf] cj:yf b]lvof] . tTsfn} :jLs[lt lnO{ ljb]z hfg'kg]{
jfWotfdf k/]sfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'kg]{df ;f] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;d]t ;d:of /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;
;DaGwdf Ps?ktf x'g] u/L sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
8. k|mL le;f÷k|mL l6s6 – /fHodGqL:t/sf] @)&@.@.@^ / @)&@.#.^ sf] lg0f{oadf]lhd ax/fOg, stf/,
;fpbL c/a, ;+o'Qm c/a Old/]6\;, cf]dg, s'j]t / dn]l;ofsf] nflu j}b]lzs /f]huf/df hfg]
sfdbf/af6 ?=!) xhf/;Dd lng] / /f]huf/bftf sDkgLn] le;f vr{, cft]hft] xjfOl6s6;d]t Joxf]g]{
u/L Joj:yf ldnfPsf] b]lvG5 . ljefudf k/]sf ph'/L tyf cGo dfWodaf6 k|fKt hfgsf/Lcg';f/
lgMz'Ns le;f tyf l6s6sf] plNnlvt k|fjwfg k"0f{?kdf sfof{Gjog gePsf], /f]huf/ Joj;foLn]
tf]lsPsf] z'Nssf] cltl/Qm yk /sd;d]t lng] u/]sf] hfgsf/L x'g cfPsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf
sfdbf/sf] l6s6 vr{, aLdf vr{ / le;f z'Ns /f]huf/ Joj;foL jf /f]huf/bftf sDkgLn] Joxf]/]sf]
;DaGwdf ljefun] cg'udg u/]sf] 5}g . o; ;DaGwdf ljefun] cg'udg u/L sfdbf/n] tf]lsPsf]
z'NseGbf a9L /sd e'QmfgL gu/]sf] ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 .
;fdflhs ;'/Iff sf]if
9. sfg'g kfngf – of]ubfgdf cfwfl/t ;fdflhs ;'/Iff P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf @^-@_-ª_ df ;fdflhs
;'/Iff s/afkt xfn;Dd ;Ílnt / eljiodf ;Íng x'g] /sd o; sf]ifdf hDdf x'g] Joj:yf 5 .
;fdflhs ;'/Iff s/ @)^&.^* b]lv ;Íng x'Fb} cfPsf]df of] jif{;Dd ?=@@ ca{ @ s/f]8 ^$ nfv
k'u]sf] 5 . pQm /sd ;fdflhs ;''/Iff sf]ifdf hDdf gu/L ;l~rtsf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] / ljlgof]hg
P]gadf]lhd vr{ e};s]sf] b]lvG5 . P]gdf ePsf] Joj:yf sfof{Gjog ePsf] b]lvFb}g . t;y{ P]g
lgodsf] Joj:yf sfof{Gjog jf ;+zf]wg x'g'kb{5 .
/fli6«o:t/sf] sNof0fsf/L sf]if
10. sf]ifsf] pkof]u – af]g; P]g, @)#) sf] bkmf % / !# df d'gfkmf ug]{ k|To]s k|lti7fgn] x/]s cfly{s
jif{df u/]sf] v'b d'gfkmfsf] !) k|ltzt a/fa/sf] /sd sd{rf/LnfO{ af]g;afkt 5'6\ofpg'kg]{ pNn]v 5 .
af]g; ljt/0fsf nflu 5'6\ofPsf] /sdaf6 af]g; ljt/0f u/]kl5 afFsL /x]sf] /sdsf] &) k|ltzt
;DalGwt k|lti7fgsf] sNof0fsf/L sf]ifdf / afFsL #) k|ltzt o; sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
pBf]u k|lti7fgdf sfd ug]{ sd{rf/L dhb'/sf] xs lxtsf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ u7g ePsf]df ;f]
p2]Zocg'?k /sd kl/rfng x'g g;sL ljutb]lv df}Hbft /x+b} cfPsf] ?=!^ ca{ #( s/f]8 $) nfv
o; jif{ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sf]ifdf x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] 5 .
;fdflhs ;'/Iff sf]ifaf6 of]ubfgdf cfwfl/t ;fdflhs ;'/Iff P]g, @)&$ adf]lhd
sd{rf/Lsf] xs lxt afx]ssf] sfddf z]o/, l8a]Gr/df nufgL ug{], ;/sf/L ;]jfsf sd{rf/LnfO{ klg
C0f lbg], ejg agfO{ axfndf nufpg] tyf P]gsf] bkmf #@-!_-u_, -ª_, -5_, -6__ adf]lhd ;xefuL
k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf ljleGg sfo{df vr{ x'g] Joj:yf 5 . h;sf] kmn:j?k
/fli6«o:t/sf] sNof0fsf/L sf]ifdf of]ubfg u/]sf] /sdaf6 p2]Zocg'?k ;DalGwt ;~rostf{ jf
k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Lsf] xs lxt / ;'ljwfsf sfo{qmd dfq ;~rfng x'g] cj:yf /x]g . o; sf]ifdf hDdf
ePsf] /sdsf] k|lti7fgut ljj/0f;d]t tof/ gu/L Psd'i6 /sd hDdf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . h;n] ubf{
sf]ifsf] p2]Zo k"/f x'g] cj:yf b]lvPg . o;tkm{ ;dodf g} ;DalGwt lgsfosf] Wofg hfg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
of]ubfgdf cfwfl/t ;fdflhs ;'/Iff P]g hf/L ePkl5 ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sf]ifdf /fli6«o:t/sf]
sNof0fsf/L sf]ifsf] /sd hDdf x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf eP tfklg /fli6«o:t/sf] sNof0fsf/L sf]if ;DaGwdf
s]xL pNn]v u/]sf] kfOPg . af]g; P]gcg';f/sf] #) k|ltzt /sd /fli6«o:t/sf] sNof0fsf/L sf]ifdf
gk7fO{ l;w} ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sf]ifdf k7fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf ePdf /fli6«o:t/sf] sNof0fsf/L sf]ifsf]
k|zf;lgs vr{ art x'g] b]lvG5 . ;dodf g} sfg'gL / ;+/rgfut Joj:yfdf ;'wf/ ul/g'kb{5 .

11. cfDbfgLsf] clen]v – k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ sf]ifdf @)%%.%^ b]lv xfn;Dd k|lti7fgx?af6 ?=!% ca{
&% s/f]8 of]ubfg ePsf]df cGo k|lti7fgnfO{ sf]ifsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg ;s]sf] 5}g . of]ubfg ug'{kg]{,
u/]sf], gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf cfly{s jif{, /sdut / k|lti7fgcg';f/ g]kfne/sf] cBfjlws clen]v
/fVg'kg]{df clen]v g} /fv]sf] kfOPg . g]kfn /fi6« a}Ídf o; jif{ hDdf ePsf] ?=!) s/f]8 %* nfv
^( xhf/sf] k|lti7fgut /sd olsg gu/L k|fKt eP;Ddsf] /sd dfq cfDbfgL hgfpg] u/]sf] 5 .
clen]v /fVg] k|lqmofdf ;'wf/ x'g'kb{5 .
j}b]lzs /f]huf/ k|a4{g af]8{
12. lgliqmo art – af]8{sf] ljut % jif{sf] cfDbfgL vr{sf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ k|To]s jif{ s'n cfDbfgLsf]
&=&$ b]lv !)=*) k|ltzt;Dd dfq vr{ ePsf] 5 . o; jif{ ut jif{sf] df}Hbft;d]t ?=% ca{ ^^
s/f]8 &! nfv &( xhf/ df}Hbft /x]sf]df ?=&) s/f]8 (@ nfv *% xhf/ -!@=%! k|ltzt_ dfq vr{
eO{ ?=$ ca{ (% s/f]8 &( nfv art /x]sf] 5 . sf]ifdf k|fKt /sdsf] clwstd kl/rfng x'g ;s]sf]
5}g . sf]ifsf] /sd clwstd kl/rfng x'g] u/L sfo{qmd th'{df ug]{ / th'{df ul/Psf sfo{qmd
sfof{Gjog ug]{ jf sfdbf/af6 lng] z'Ns k'g/fjnf]sg x'g'kb{5 .
13. sfdbf/sf] d[To' / cËeË – j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf uPsf sfdbf/sf] ;DalGwt b]zsf] xfjfkfgL, sfdsf]
rfk, JolQmut afgL Joxf]/f, sfdbf/aLrsf] e}memu8fnufotsf sf/0fn] d[To' tyf cËeË x'g] u/]sf]
b]lvG5 . ut # jif{df ePsf] d[To' tyf cËeËsf] l:ylt qmdzM @)&@.&# df *!^ / !!&, @)&#.&$ df
&%^ / @)^, @)&$.&% df *@! / #^! /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;/L j}b]lzs /f]huf/df hfg]sf] ;'/Iff gePsf]
sf/0f Jooef/ ;d]t a9]sf] x'Fbf ljb]zdf sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf x'g] d[To' tyf cËeËsf] sf/0f / ;f]sf]]
Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu cfjZos pkfosf] vf]hL u/L lg/fs/0f ug{ h?/L b]lvG5 .
O{=kL=P;= sf]l/of zfvf
14. ;]jf z'Ns – blIf0f sf]l/of hfg] sfdbf/;Fu ;]jf z'Ns cd]l/sL 8n/ $^, cled'vLs/0f tflnd
cd]l/sL 8n/ ^# / :jf:Yo k/LIf0f cd]l/sL 8n/ %$ afkt lng] u/]sf] 5 . ;]jf z'Nsafkt lnPsf]
/sd O{=kL=P;= sf]ifdf hDdf u/]sf] / o; jif{;Dd pQm sf]ifdf ?=!( s/f]8 $* nfv $( xhf/
df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 . sf]ifsf] df}Hbft /sdaf6 sfof{non] k/LIff ejg lgdf{0f ug{ lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu
?=!) s/f]8 %) nfv $( xhf/df 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . sfdbf/;Fu lnPsf] /sdaf6 ;/sf/L
ejg lgdf{0f ug'{ dgfl;a b]lvPg . cled'vLs/0f tflndsf] nflu lnPsf] /sddWo] ?=* s/f]8 &!
nfv @) xhf/ Jofj;flos ;Lk ljsf; tyf tflnd s]Gb|sf] vftfdf art /x]sf] 5 . :jf:Yo
k/LIf0fsf] nflu lnPsf] /sd :jf:Yo k/LIf0f ug]{ ;+:yfn] lng] ePsf]n] pQm /sdaf6 x'g uPsf]
artsf] clen]v sfof{nodf /x]sf] b]lvPg . sfdbf/;Fu lnOg] ljleGg ;]jf z'Nssf] cfwf/ :ki6
x'g'kb{5 . ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ ljleGg lgsfodf sfdbf/;Fu lnPsf] z'Ns art /x]sf] / ;f]af6 ;/sf/L
ejg lgdf{0f;d]t u/]sf] cj:yfn] To:tf] vr{ cf}lrTok"0f{ dfGg ;lsFb}g .
15. df}Hbft – Jofj;flos ;Lk tyf tflnd s]Gb|df df}Hbft /x]sf] /sddWo] ?=^ s/f]8 () nfv &$ xhf/
@)&%.!!.@& df /fh:j bflvnf u/]sf]n] ?=! s/f]8 *) nfv $^ xhf/ afFsL 5 . ljut jif{sf] art
/sdaf6 cfufdL aif{ tflnd ;~rfngsf] nflu vr{ ug'{kg]{ cj:yf gb]lvPsf]n] pQm /sd;d]t /fh:j
bflvnf ug'{kb{5 . /f]huf/Ldf hfg];Fu lng] ;]jf z'Ns lgwf{/0f ubf{ nfut ljZn]if0f u/L cfjZos /sd
dfq lng] Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .

cg'udg tyf a]?h"
• cg'udg – ut ljutsf k|ltj]bgdf j}b]lzs ;xfotf ;f]e}m e'QmfgLtk{msf] n]vfk/LIf0f dxfn]vfk/LIfssf]
sfof{noaf6 u/fpg'kg]{, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sf]ifsf] /sd p2]Zocg';f/ tf]lsPsf] sfo{df vr{ ug'{kg]{nufotsf
Joxf]/f cf}FNofOPsf]df of] jif{ klg ;'wf/ gePsf]n] k'g/fj[lQ gx'g] u/L sfo{;Dkfbg ug'{kb{5 .
b]xfocg';f/ 5M
➢ ;/sf/L sfof{notk{m !^ lgsfodf ?=& s/f]8 $$ nfv $* xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg
pknAw u/fPkl5 ?=* nfv !% xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=& s/f]8 #^ nfv ## xhf/ afFsL /x]sf] 5 .
;f]dWo] ?=# s/f]8 #* nfv %% xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL !% df 5 .

;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno
dGqfnosf] sfo{If]qdf ;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf xjfO{ oftfoftsf] ljsf;;DaGwL gLlt, of]hgf tyf
sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg / d"NofÍg, ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f, ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf w/f]x/ / P]ltxfl;s dxTjsf b/af/ Pj+
ko{6g;Fu ;Da4, ;+ul7t ;+:yf / ;ldlt, k|lti7fg, sf]if;d]t cg'udg d"NofÍg ug{] nufotsf sfo{ /x]sf 5g\ .
dGqfno;d]tsf %( lgsfoaf6 ;]jf k|jfx x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
dGqfno / dftxt lgsfosf] ljlgof]hg ?=# ca{ *$ s/f]]8 *& nfv, /fh:j ?=! ca{ #@ s/f]8 $*
nfv, w/f}6L ?=@# s/f]8 #* nfv / cGo sf/f]af/ ?=@ s/f]8 &* nfv;d]t s'n ?=% ca{ $# s/f]8 %!
nfvsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . dGqfno dftxtsf ;+ul7t ;+:yf ^ / ;ldlt @) sf] ?=$ va{ &( ca{
!# s/f]8 (% nfvsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f
lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
1. rf}wfF} of]hgf – rf}wfF} of]hgfn] ko{6g If]qsf] ljsf;dfkm{t cfly{s j[l4 / /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ clej[l4
ug]{ nIosf;fy cfly{s ;d[l4sf nflu ko{6g ljsf; eGg] ;f]r lnPsf] 5 . kz'klt, n'lDagL
nufotsf /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfsf] u'?of]hgfcg';f/sf] k"jf{wf/ ljsf;, k|To]s k|b]zdf Ps÷Ps
ko{6s uGtJo :ynsf nflu lj>fd:yn, rd]gf u[x, zf}rfno, kf]6{/ z]N6/, ko{6s ;+/rgf s]Gb|h:tf
k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f;lxt ;xh kx'Fr x'g] u/L :yfgLo tx, ;d'bfo tyf lghL If]qsf] ;xsfo{ /
;xeflutfdf ko{6g kbdfu{nufot PsLs[t ko{6sLo / dgf]/~hg:yn lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfng ul/g]
pNn]v 5 .
of]hgf cjlwdf ljb]zL ko{6s cfudg ;ª\Vof jflif{s !@ nfv, ljb]zL ko{6ssf] ;/b/ a;fO{
cjlw !% lbg tyf ;/b/ b}lgs vr{ cd]l/sL 8n/ ^) k'Ug] / ko{6g If]qaf6 klxnf], bf];|f] / t];|f] jif{
qmdzM @% xhf/, $) xhf/ / $% xhf/ yk /f]huf/L l;h{gf x'g] pNn]v 5 .
of]hgfsf] nIocg';f/ /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f ;DkGg ug]{ cjlw lglZrt gePsf],
k|To]s k|b]zdf ko{6s uGtJo gtf]]s]sf], ko{6sLo :yndf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ug{ lghL If]q;Fu ;xsfo{ x'g
g;s]sf]] tyf /f]huf/L l;h{gf ePsf] ;'lglZrt x'g] cfwf/ 5}g . rf}wf}F of]hgfn] lnPsf] nIoadf]lhd
pknlAw xfFl;n x'g sl7gfO /x]sf] ;Gbe{df of]hgfcg';f/ k|ult x'g] u/L sfo{;~rfng ug'{k5{ .
ko{6g glthf ;"rscg';f/ @)&$.&% df s'n u|fx:y pTkfbgdf ko{6g If]qsf] of]ubfg #=%
k|ltzt k'¥ofpg], ko{6ssf] cfudg ;+Vof !) nfv k'¥ofpg], a;fO{ cjlw !$ lbg k'¥ofpg], k|lt
ko{6s k|ltlbg vr{ cd]l/sL 8n/ %* k'¥ofpg], /f]huf/L l;h{gf $) xhf/ k'¥ofpg], ljb]zL d'b|f
cfh{g cd]l/sL 8n/ *))$ nfv k'¥ofpg] /x]sf]df ;f]sf] k|ult clen]v Jojl:yt /x]sf] b]lvPg .
2. /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfsf] k|ult – dGqfno cGtu{t /fli6«o uf}/jsf % cfof]hgf ;~rfngdf /x]sf
5g\ . k|ult k|ltj]bgcg';f/ kz'klt If]qdf @)%& b]lv o; jif{;Dd ?=!# s/f]8 !* nfv vr{u/L
^$=(^ k|ltzt / n'lDagL If]qdf ?=# ca{ && s/f]8 &! nfv vr{ u/L *) k|ltzt ef}lts k|ult
b]vfPsf] 5 . lghu9df bf];|f] cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:ynsf] lgdf{0fsf nflu ljutdf tof/ ePsf] lj:t[t
cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg cWoog u/L cfufdL cfly{s jif{df af]nkq;DaGwL k|lqmof z'? ul/g]] pNn]v
ePsf]df ;f] ePsf] 5}g . uf}tda'4 If]qLo cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:ynsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ @)&% r}qleq ;DkGg
ug{] / kf]v/f If]qLo cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:ynsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ cfufdL cfly{s jif{df z'? u/L rf/ jif{leq
;DkGg ug{] pNn]v ePsf]df qmdzM %) / !% k|ltzt k|ult ePsf] ljj/0f k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
3. ko{6s p4f/ vr{ – dGqfnon] kj{tf/f]x0f tyf ko{6g;DaGwL sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpgsf nflu
lgodg ug{] Joj:yf 5 . kmhL{ p4f/ ePsf] ;DaGwdf ul7t sfo{bnsf] k|ltj]bg @)&% df kbofqf tyf
kj{tf/f]x0fsf nflu uPsf ko{6snfO{ vfgfdf la/fdL kfg]{ cf}iflw k|of]u u/L lgof]lht ?kdf la/fdL

agfO{ x]lnsf]K6/ sDkgL, p4f/ sDkgL tyf ljleGg c:ktfn;+u ldn]dtf] u/L cltl/Qm vr{ lng]
u/]sf] u'gf;f] ;DaGwdf cWoog ubf{ !! sDkgL tyf ;+:yf Pj+ $ c:ktfnn] hf/L u/]sf]
aLhscg';f/ vr{sf] kl/df0f ljZj;gLo b]lvPg eGg] pNn]v u/]sf]n] o; ;DaGwdf yk 5fglag u/L
clgoldt sfo{df ;+nUgnfO{ sf/afxL ug'{kb{5 .
4. ko{6g /f]oN6L — o; jif{ s'n ?=$^ s/f]8 ^! nfv ^@ xhf/ ko{6g /f]oN6L ;Íng ePsf]] 5 . ko{6g
/fh:j afF8kmfF8 ;ldltn] kj{tf/f]x0f /f]oN6L afF8kmfF8 u/L
:yfgLo txdf k7fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf /x]sf]df afF8kmfF8 of] jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 d'VotM rf}wf}F
gu/]sf]n] pQm /sd lgliqmo /x]sf] 5 . To:t} g]kfn of]hgfsf] nIoadf]lhd sfo{ gePsf],
;/sf/n] tf]lsPsf lxdfnsf] /f]oN6L p7fpg g]kfn /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfdf ck]Iffs[t
kj{tf/f]x0f ;+3nfO{ cg'dlt k|bfg u/] klg pQm ;+:yfn]
;Íng u/]sf] /f]oN6Lsf] lx;fa tof/ u/L n]vfk/LIf0f k|ult gePsf], cg'bfgsf] cg'udg
gu/fPsf]n] /fh:jsf] olsg ljj/0f k|fKt ePsf] 5}g . o; gePsf], e]6L3f6L Joj:yfkg gePsf],
;DaGwdf dGqfnoaf6 5fglag x'g'kb{5 . Sofl;gf] /f]oN6L c;'n gePsf], k'glg{df{0f
sfo{df ;dod} pko'Qm lg0f{o gubf{
5. cg'bfg — cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod cgfjZos vr{ ePsf], k/fdz{;]jfsf]
## df cfly{s jif{leq vr{ geO{ afFsL /xg cfPsf] /sd nfut cg'dfgdf lz/f]ef/ vr{ ;dfj]z
lkmtf{ bflvnf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . dGqfnon] o; jif{ @@ u/]sf], d"No ;dfof]hg a9L e'QmfgL
ljsf; ;ldlt tyf af]8{x? / (# :yfgLo txnfO{ ?=@
u/]sf], lgod ljk/Lt s/f/df lgo'lQm
ca{ !* s/f]8 *$ nfv (# xhf/ ;zt{ cg'bfg lbPsf]
5 . cg'bfgsf] ;DaGwdf dGqfnon] cg'udg u/L vr{ u/]sf], e]l/P;g :jefljs gePsf],
gePsf] /sd ;l~rtsf]if lkmtf{ bflvnf x'g'kb{5 . of]Uotf a]u/ af]nkqbftf 5gf}6 u/]sf],
ef8f tyf z'Ns c;'n gu/]sf], ;DklQsf]
6. e]6L3f6L Joj:yfkg — e]6L Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsf, @)&% nut cBfjlws gu/]sf] nufotsf Joxf]/f
df k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd :yflkt wfld{s ;+:yfn] b]lvPsf]n] ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
wfld{s Joj:yfkgsf] nflu :yfgLo txsf] :jLs[lt
lng'kg]{, r9fOPsf] e]6LdWo] gub a}Ídf hDdf ug'{kg]{, lhG;Lsf] xsdf ljj/0f /fvL hL0f]f{4f/,
k'gMlgdf{0f tyf wfld{s / ;fdflhs sfo{df vr{ u/L n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg ;DalGwt lhNnf k|zf;g
sfof{no, :yfgLo txdf clgjfo{ ?kn] k]; ug'{kg]{ / dGqfno jf k|b]zsf] ;+:s[lt x]g{] dGqfnon]
cg'udg ug]{ tyf ug{ nufpg] Joj:yf 5 . sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] tLy{:yn jf b]jfnosf] ;+Vof olsg
eOg;s]sf] / cGo &$ lhNnfdf /x]sf &(( tLy{:yn jf b]jfno pQm lgb]{lzsfadf]lhd ;~rfng eP
gePsf] ljj/0f pknAw ePg . pQm ;DaGwdf ut jif{sf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v u/] tfklg ;'wf/ ePsf]
b]lvPg .
>Lkz'kltgfydf r9fPsf] e]6Lnufot lhG;Lsf] clen]v /fvL cfDbfgL ug]{ u/] klg dlGb/
aflx/sf ! laxf/, % cGo dlGb/ / kl/;/df /x]sf & dlGb/;lxt !# dlGb/sf] e]6L k'hf/L / :yfgLo
;ldltn] lng] u/]sf] t/ hL0ff]]{4f/, k'glg{df{0f sfo{ sf]ifaf6 ug]{ u/]sf] k|rlnt sfg'g ljk/Lt b]lvG5 .
kz'klt If]qleqsf ;a} d7 dlGb/sf] e]6Lnufotsf ;a} cfo sf]ifdf hDdf u/L k'hf/LnfO{ kfl/>lds
e'QmfgL lbg'kg]{ eP sf]ifaf6} cfjZos lgod tyf k|lqmof lgwf{/0f u/L e'QmfgL lbg] Joj:yf x'g'k5{ .
7. ljB'tLo ;jf/L vl/b — ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @^ df ;f/e"t ?kdf k|efju|fxL gePdf
af]nkq c:jLs[t jf vl/b sf/afxL /2 ug{;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . n'lDagL ljsf; sf]ifsf] :jLs[t
sfo{qmdcg';f/ ljB'tLo sf/ !! / a; % cfk"lt{ ug{ cd]l/sL 8n/ !@ nfvsf] nfut cg'dfg u/L
af]nkq cfXjfg u/]sf]df Ps lrlgofF sDkgLn] cd]l/sL 8n/ !* nfv %^ xhf/df cfk"lt{ ug]{ k|:tfj
k]; u/]sf] b]lvof] . ;f] k|:tfjpk/ dGqfnon] jftf{ u/L cd]l/sL 8n/ !@ nfvdf @)&%.#.@% ;Dd
cfk"lt{ ug{ ;Demf}tf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . nfut cg'dfgsf] t'ngfdf %% k|ltzt a9Lsf] k|:tfj k|fKt
ePsf]df P]gsf] pQm Joj:yfcg';f/ gu/L jftf{åf/f b//]6 to u/L ;Demf}tf u/]sf] b]lvof] . ;fj{hlgs
vl/b P]g lgoddf af]nkqsf] dfWodåf/f ;fdfg vl/b ubf{ jftf{åf/f b//]6 36a9 ug]{ Joj:yf 5}g .
;Demf}tfcg';f/ cfk"t{snfO{ ?=! s/f]8 @^ nfv $! xhf/ sfo{ ;~rfng k]:sL pknAw u/fPsf]df
;Demf}tf cjlwdf sfo{ ;Dkfbg u/L k]:sL km5\of}{6 u/]sf] b]lvPg . lgodfg';f/ k]:sL km5\of}{6
x'g'kb{5 .
8. n]vfk/LIf0f – cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% df k|To]s sfof{non] cfo Joosf] n]vf / cfly{s ljj/0f
k]; u/L dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{noaf6 clGtd n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . g]kfn ko{6g
af]8{sf] @)&$.&% sf] n]vfk/LIf0fsf] nflu dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{noaf6 vl6Psf n]vfk/LIfsnfO{
;|]:tf sfuhft pknAw u/fpg k6s k6s kqfrf/ u/]sf]df xfn;Dd k]; u/]sf] 5}g . ;|]:tf sfuhft
g/fVg] tyf n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fpg] lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/LnfO{ ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf ## / n]vfk/LIf0f P]g,
@)&% sf] bkmf @% cg';f/ sf/afxL ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf /x]sf]n] sfg'gadf]lhd sf/afxL u/L o;
sfof{nonfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg dGqfnosf ;lrjnfO{ @)&%.!@.!( df n]vL k7fOPsf] 5 .
9. k'gM ;+/rgf — ut jif{;Dd dGqfno / dftxt ;d]t ^@ sfof{no /x]sf]df of] jif{ k'gM ;+/rgfsf]
Joj:yf u/L ;+3cGtu{t #%, k|b]zcGtu{t @@ / :yfgLo txcGt{ut @ sfof{no /xg] ;+/rgf tof/
ePsf] 5 .
ko{6g ljefu
10. Sofl;gf]sf] Ohfhtkq — Sofl;gf] lgodfjnL, @)&) sf] lgod !) df Sofl;gf] ;~rfngsf]
Ohfhtsf nflu b'O{ s/f]8 Ohfht b:t'/ nfUg], t/ cfw'lgs d]l;g jf pks/0fsf] dfWodaf6 dfq
v]nfOg] v]nsf] xsdf Ps s/f]8 ?k}ofF Ohfht b:t'/ nfUg] Joj:yf /x]sf] / lgod !@ df
Ohfhtkqsf] cjlw Ps cfly{s jif{sf] x'g], lgod !# df Ohfhtkqsf] cjlw ;dfKt x'g'eGbf Ps
dlxgf cufj} Ohfhtkq gjLs/0fsf nflu lgj]bg lbg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . Sofl;gf] ;~rfng ;DaGwdf
b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDg 5g\M
10.1 ;~rfngdf /x]sf tLg Sofl;gf]n] Ohfhtkq lnPsf] kfOPg . :jLs[lt glnO{ ;~rfng u/]sf] ;DaGwdf
sf/afxL u/L b'O{ sDkgLsf] ?=! s/f]8 / rf/ :yfgdf ;~rflnt Ps sDkgLsf] ?=@ s/f]8;d]t ?=$
s/f]8 Ohfhtkq b:t'/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
10.2 cfly{s P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf !&-$_ cg';f/ cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] @ dlxgfleq /f]oN6L ga'emfpg]
lgsfonfO{ /f]oN6L /sdsf] jflif{s !% k|ltztsf b/n] z'Ns / To:tf] Dofb gf3]sf] ldltn] #
dlxgf;Dddf /sd ga'emfPdf jflif{s !% k|ltztsf b/n] yk z'Ns;d]t nufO{ Sofl;gf]sf] /f]oN6L
c;'n ug'k{ g]{ Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ Ps sDkgLn] ?=# s/f]8 / csf]{ Ps sDkgLn] ?=% s/f]8 &# nfv
() xhf/;d]t ?=* s/f]8 &# nfv () xhf/ /f]oN6L ga'emfPsf] x'Fbf yk z'Ns;d]t nufO{ c;'n
ug'{kb{5 .
10.3 cfly{s P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf !&-! / @_ cg';f/ cfw'lgs d]l;g jf pks/0fsf] dfWodaf6 v]nfOg] v]n
-Sofl;gf]_ sf] nflu Ps Ohfhtkqaf6 Ps :yfgdf dfq To:tf] v]nfpg ;lsg]df Ps ldgL
Sofl;gf]af6 dx]Gb|gu/, jL/uGh, lj/f6gu/ / sf7df8f}F;d]t $ 7fpFdf ;~rfng u/L Ps :yfgsf]
dfq gjLs/0f b:t'/ ?=%) nfv bflvnf u/]sf] 5 . ctM P]gsf] Joj:yfadf]lhd sf/afxL u/L gk'u
gjLs/0f b:t'/ ?=! s/f]8 %) nfv c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
10.4 s]xL Sofl;gf] ;~rfnsn] Ohfht b:t'/ ga'emfO{ ljutb]lv Sofl;gf] ;~rfng ul//x]s} :yfgdf gofF
gfdaf6 Sofl;gf] ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf]df Sofl;gf] lgodfjnL, @)&) cg';f/ ljefuaf6 cg'udg
d"NofÍg Pj+ sf/afxL x'g'kg]{df ;f] gePsf] / ;~rfngdf /x]sf Sofl;gf] tyf ldgL Sofl;gf]dWo]
Ohfhtkq lnP glnPsf, /f]oN6L lt/] glt/]sf ;+Vofsf] cBfjlws nut /fVg] gu/]sf]n] oyfy{ l:ylt
b]lvg] cj:yf /x]g . clen]v cBfjlws u/L cg'udg ug'{kb{5 .

k'/ftTj ljefu
11. k'gM lgdf{0f – k'/ftTj ljefuaf6 k|fKt hfgsf/Lcg';f/ b]ze/L /x]sf k'/ftflTjs ;Dkbfx?sf] ;+Vof &
xhf/ $)@ dWo] sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf % xhf/ $)@ /x]sf 5g\ . pQm ;DkbfdWo] @)&@ sf] e"sDkn]
#! lhNnfsf ! xhf/ %() ;Dkbf Iflt ePsf]df ljefuaf6 k'gM lgdf{0f z'? u/]sf ! xhf/ !&* /x]sf
5g\ . tLdWo] ;DkGg @@!, rfn' @!#, / lgdf{0f g} z'? gePsf &$$ /x]sf 5g\ . ;Dkbf k'gM lgdf{0fdf
?=! ca{ #@ s/f]8 @% nfv vr{ ePsf] 5 . ljefu afx]s cGo j}b]lzs ;+3 ;+:yf, :yfgLo tx, cGo
;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 ;d]t k'gM lgdf{0f eO/x]sf]n] ;f]sf] cBfjlws clen]v tof/ u/]sf]
5}g . k'gM lgdf{0f eO/x]sf ;Dkbfsf] lg/Gt/ cg'udg d"NofÍg u/L cBfjlws clen]v /fvL oyfzL3|
k'gMlgdf{0fsf] sfd ;DkGg ug'{kb{5 .
12. afnuf]kfn]Zj/ dlGb/ / /fgLkf]v/L k'gMlgdf{0f — @)&@ sf] e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:t afnuf]kfn]Zj/ dlGb/
;lxt /fgL kf]v/L k'gMlgdf{0f ug{ sf7df8f+} dxfgu/kflnsfn]] Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=& s/f]8 !!
nfvdf ;Demf}tf u/L ?=@ s/f]8 #) nfv #* xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]kl5 pQm sfo{df cfw'lgs k|ljlw /
;fdu|L k|of]u u/]sf]]n] k'/ftTj ljefuaf6} k'gM lgdf{0f ug]{ ;xdlt ePsf] b]lvG5 . ljefun] e"sDk
cufl8s} u'Dah z}nLdf afnuf]kfn]Zj/ dlGb/sf]dfq lgdf{0f ug{ ?=! s/f]8 $@ nfv %% xhf/sf]
nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/L] ?=! s/f]8 $) nfv %* xhf/df @)&% c;f/;Dddf sfd ;DkGg ug]{ u/L
Ps ;+o'Qm pkqmd;Fu ;Demf}tf eO{ ?=#) nfv $( xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 .
o; ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 @)&%.!).!$ df afnuf]kfn]Zj/ dlGb/ k|tfk dNnsfnLg
u|Gys'6 z}nLdf g} k'gM lgdf{0f ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf]n] ;dod} pko'Qm lg0f{o glnPsf] sf/0f ljefu /
sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfaf6 vr{{ ePsf] s'n /sd ?=@ s/f]8 ^) nfv *& xhf/ v]/ uPsf] 5 .
13. lan a]u/ e'QmfgL – @)&@ j}zfvsf] e"sDkaf6 sf7df8f}F+ xg'dfg9f]sfl:yt sfi7d08knufot
Ifltu|:t ;Dkbfx?sf] k'gM lgdf{0fsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ cf7 nfv So'las lkm6 ;fnsf] sf7 l6Da/
skf]{/];gn] k'/ftTj ljefusf] l;kmfl/;df ;/sf/L d"Nodf ;DalGwt cfof]hgfnfO{ cfufdL % jif{leqdf
pknAw u/fpg dlGqkl/ifb\\af6 @)&#.%.@^ df lg0f{o ePsf] 5 . k'gM lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ sf7sf] nfut
cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ l6Da/ skf]{/];gsf] b/nfO{ cfwf/ lng'kg]{df ahf/ b/nfO{ cfwf/ lnPsf] 5 . k'gM
lgdf{0f ;DaGwdf 7]Ssfsf] k|f]lehgn ;daf6 sf7 vl/bsf] ;Ssn lan e/kfO{ glnO{ ?=@ s/f]8 @#
nfv & xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 .
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ l6Da/ skf]{/];gaf6 sf7 vl/b ug'{kg]{df skf]{/];gn] sf7
pknAw gu/fPsf] sf/0f k|lt:kwf{ a]u/ ahf/af6 vl/b u/]sf]n] skf]{/];gsf] b/eGbf ?=@ s/f]8 & nfv
!$ xhf/ a9L Jooef/ kg{ uPsf] b]lvof] . o;df cfjZos ;dGjo x'g'kb{5 .
14. j}b]lzs ;xfotf – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @& df s'g} sfof{non] ljb]zL ;+3,
;+:yf, Ph]G;L jf /fi6«af6 ;xfotf k|fKt ubf{ jf k|fKt ug]{ ;Demf}tf ubf{ cy{ dGqfnosf] :jLs[lt
lng'kg]{, To:tf] ;xfotf ah]6df ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ / lgod (& df n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
k'/ftTj ljefun] ut jif{ !# OsfO{af6 j}b]lzs ;xfotf lnO{ k'gM lgdf{0fdf ;xefuL u/fPsf] ljj/0f
pknAw u/fPsf]df of] jif{ * OsfO{af6 ;xfotf pknAw u/fPsf] ljj/0f k|fKt ePsf] 5 . ;f]dWo]
sf7df8f}F+ EofnL x]l/6]h 6«i6;Fu ljefusf dxflgb]{zsn] u/]sf] ;Demf}tf / xg'dfg9f]sf If]qsf] gf} tn]
b/af/sf] dd{t ;Def/ ug]{ sfo{sf nflu cy{ dGqfno;Fu ;xdltdf ePsf] ;Demf}tf afx]s cGo
lgsfo;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tf k]; ePg . ;xfotf pknAw u/fpg] ;a} lgsfoaf6 k|fKt /sd / vr{sf]
n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg'kb{5 .

;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg
;o jif{ eGbfk'/fgf P]ltxfl;s, k'/ftflTjs, ;flxlTos tyf snfTds j:t' jf If]qnfO{ ;+f:s[lts
;Dkbfsf] ?kdf lnOPsf] 5 . k|frLg :df/s ;+/If0f P]g, @)!# n] dfgj lgld{t k|frLg :df/s / k'/ftflTjs
j:t'x?nfO{ ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfsf] ?kdf JofVof u/]sf] 5 . ;f+:s[lts ;DkbfnfO{ ef}lts / cef}lts jf d"t{ /
cd"t{ u/L ljefhg u/]sf] kfOG5 . ;dod} hL0ff]{4f/ / k|anLs/0f h:tf sfo{ x'g ;s]] ;Dkbf ;+/If0f eO{
ko{6gsf] ;Defjgfdf j[l4 eO{ cfo cfh{gdf ;d]t of]ubfg k'Ug] b]lvG5 . ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf ;+/If0f /
Joj:yfkgsf] d"NofÍg ug]{ p2]Zon] ul/Psf] sfo{d"ns n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f b]xfo adf]lhd
5g\M
15. PsLs[t ;+/If0f u'?of]hgf – pkTosfsf] ;Dkbfx?sf] ljsf;, ;+/If0f, ;Da4{Gf / Joj:yfkgsf] nflu
PsLs[t u'?of]hgf tof/ u/L sfo{ ug'{kg]{df ;f] u/]sf] kfOPg . ;Dkbf ;+/If0f sfo{ ug{ ljleGg
;/sf/L lgsfo, ;+3, ;+:yf, sf]if, ;ldltx? cnu?kdf ;lqmo /x]sf 5g\ . tL lgsfoaLr ;dGjo
geO{ x/]s lgsfon] cnu cnu tl/sfn] sfo{ ubf{ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] ;Dkbf ;+/If0f, ;+j4{g tyf
Joj:yfkgn] ck]lIft glthf k|fKt ug{;s]sf] 5}g . PsLs[t ;+/If0f u'?of]hgf tof/ u/L sfof{Gjogdf
Nofpg'kb{5 .
16. ;Dkbf cltqmd0f – kf6gsf] a6's e}/j, eQmk'/sf] bQfqo, xg'dfg9f]sf If]q / hgsk'/wfd If]qsf]
ljleGg u'7Lsf ! xhf/ ! ;o ** lsQfsf hUufdf cltqmd0f ePsf]] kfOof] . o;}u/L kz'klt ;+/lIft
:df/s If]qdf :jLs[lt a]u/ ;8s / ejg lgdf{0f u/L ljleGg ;+:yf tyf JolQmaf6 cltqmd0f ePsf]
5 eg] tLg a'4kfs{, uLtf dftf dlGb/ lj:tf/ sfo{ ubf{ ;d]t ;+/lIft :df/s If]qsf] cltqmd0f ePsf]]
5 . cltqmd0f ug]{ Joltm/;+:yfnfO{ cfjZos sf/afxL u/L cltqmd0fdf k/]sf ;Dkbfx?sf] ;+/If0f tyf
;'/Iffdf Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
17. lgdf{0f;DaGwL dfkb08–k|frLg :df/s ;+/If0f lgodfjnL, @)$^ sf] lgod $=@ df ;+/lIft :df/s
If]qleq ul/g] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] z}nL / dfkb08;DaGwL Joj:yf 5 . xg'dfg9f]sf b/af/sf] ;LdfIf]qdf
dfkb08 ljk/Lt Jofkfl/s ejg lgdf{0f sfo{ ePsf] hfgsf/L b/af/ ;+u|xfno ljsf; ;ldlt tyf
k'/ftTj ljefuaf6 k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
o;}u/L eQmk'/ b/af/ x]/rfx sfof{non] dfkb08 ljk/Lt 3/÷ejg lgdf{0f ug{]nfO{ sfg'gsf]
cefjdf sf/afxL ug{ g;s]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . ;Dkbf If]qdf cltqmd0f ug]{ jf dfkb08 ljk/Lt
3/÷ejg lgdf{0f ug]{ JolQmnfO{ sfg'gadf]lhd sf/afxL u/L ;Dkbf ;+/If0f ug'{kb{5 .
18. k|df0fLs/0f tyf ;+/If0f –k|frLg :df/s ;+/If0f P]g, @)!# df P]ltxfl;s k'/ftflTjs j:t'sf] ;+/If0f
tyf Joj:yfkg ug'{kg]{ k|fjwfg 5 . gf/fo0flx6L b/af/l:yt P]ltxfl;s, k|frLg tyf k'/ftflTjs
j:t'x?sf] ;+/If0f, ;+j4{g tyf Joj:yfkg ug{ gf/fo0flx6L b/af/ ;+u|xfno :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . g]kfn
;/sf/ -dGqL:t/_ sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ gf/fo0flx6L b/af/ ;+u|xfnosf] u'?of]hgf tof/ ug{ # ;ldlt
u7g eP tfklg sfof{b]zadf]lhdsf] u'?of]hgf tof/ u/]sf] kfOPg . b/af/ ;+u|xfno kl/;/df #%
ejgtyf @* P]ltxfl;s ;jf/L;fwgnfO{ ;Dkbf juL{s/0fsf] Joj:yfadf]lhd juL{s/0f u/L
k|df0fLs/0f;d]t u/fpg'kg]{df xfn;Dd u/]sf] kfOPg . o;} u/L km/f;vfgf ejgdf h+unL hgfj/sf
xf8, l;Ë, 5fnf, KjfFv, 6fpsfnufotsf ;fdu|L /x]sf]df ;f] sf] plrt ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkgsf]
cefjdf lju|g yfn]sf] cj:yfdf /x]sf]5 . b/af/df /x]sf ;fdfgsf] plrt ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkg
ug'k{ b{5 .
19. ax'd"No ;DklQ ;+/If0f – dlGqkl/ifb\sf] @)^%.@.!% sf] a}7saf6 u0ftGq sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;DaGwL
lg0f{odf gf/fo0flx6L b/af/nfO{ ;+u|xfnosf] ?kdf kl/0ft u/L /fli6«o lxtdf pkof]u ug{] pNn]v 5 .
gf/fo0flx6L b/af/ kl/;/sf ;Dk"0f{ efu, ax'd"No j:t' tyf ;Dkbfx? cjnf]sgsf nflu k"0f{?kdf
v'nf ePsf 5}gg\ . >Lk]rnufot cGo ax'd"No hjfx/ftx?, P]ltxfl;s dxTjsf ;lGw ;Demf}tfx? tyf
cGo dxTjk"0f{ b:tfj]h tyf ;Dkbfx?sf] cBfjlws ljj/0f tof/ u/L ;+/If0f ug'{kg]{df ;f] ;d]t
ePsf] 5}g . ax'd"No ;Dkbfx?sf] clen]v cBfjlws gx'Fbf ;Dkbfsf] b'?kof]u, xflg gf]S;fgL Pj+
x/fpg ;Sg] b]lvG5 . clen]v tof/ u/L ;'/Iff;lxt cjnf]sgsf] plrt Joj:yf ug{'kb{5 .
20. df}lns ljz]iftf – k|frLg :df/s ;+/If0f P]g,@)!# df Ps;o jif{ cufl8sf k'/ftflTjs ;+/rgfsf]
dd{t, k'glg{df{0f jf lgdf{0f sfo{ ubf{ ;+/rgfsf] df}lns ljz]iftf km/s gx'g] u/L k'/ftTj ljefusf]
:jLs[ltdf sfo{ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . g]kfnL ;]gfsf] >L e}/jgfy u0fn] ljqmd ;Djt\ !(^! df lgdf{0f
ePsf] nIdL lgjf; -/f0ffsfnLg b/af/_ cGo ;fwf/0f ejg ;/x eTsfO{ d"n b/af/sf] ! ltxfO
If]qkmndf aflx/L df]x8f dfq P]ltxfl;s nIdL lgjf; h:t} x'g] u/L k'glg{df{0f u/L /x]sf] 5 . df}lns
ljz]iftf sfod /xg] u/L k'glg{df{0f ug'{kb{5 .
21. kz'klt If]q – ljZj;Dkbf ;"rLdf /x]sf] kz'klt If]q tyf k|frLg kz'klt :df/s If]qsf] nflu @ bzs
cl3 :jLs[t ePsf] ljsf; u'?of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZos 8\Oª, l8hfOg / nfut cg'dfg
tof/ ePsf] kfOPg . u'?of]hgfadf]lhd sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L sfo{fGjogdf Nofpg'kb{5 .
lgisif{ – ;Dkbf tyf :df/sx?sf] ;+/If0f Joj:yfkgsf nflu juL{s/0f, clen]v, u'?of]hgf / ;f]
sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZos sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L sfo{fGjogdf Nofpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 . cltqmd0fdf k/]sf
;Dkbfx?sf] ;+/If0f ug]{ sfo{df ljz]if Wofg lbO{, /fli6\o tyf cGt/f{li6\o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf tyf bft[
lgsfox?af6 ul/Psf] k|lta4tf / ;Demf}tfadf]lhd ;|f]t Joj:yfkg u/L ;Dkbfx?sf] k'glg{df{0f ug]{ u/fpg]
sfo{df bIftf clej[l4 ug{'kg{] b]lvG5 .
;+ul7t ;+:yf
g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fg
22. ef8f – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod # df cfjZostfsf] klxrfg u/L vl/b ug'{kg{]
Joj:yf 5 . 5kfO{;DaGwL sfo{sf nflu @)&$.#.* df Ps lghL sDkgL;Fu pRr Ifdtfo'Qm 5kfO{
d]l;g ?=!@ s/f]8 & nfv ^( xhf/df vl/b u/L h8fg u/]sf] b]lvof] . k|lti7fgsf] 5kfO{ sfo{sf nflu
cfjZos k/]sf] egL vl/b u/]sf] pQm 5kfO{ d]l;g @)&%.!.! b]lv dfl;s ?=^ nfv % xhf/df
ef8fdf lbPsf] pko'Qm b]lvPg .
n'lDagL ljsf; sf]if
n'lDagL If]qsf] ljsf; ug]+ p2]Zon] n'lDagL ljsf; sf]if P]g, @)$@ adf]lhd sf]if :yfkgf ePsf] 5 .
of]hgfa4 ljsf;sf] u'?of]hgfcg';f/ pBfg If]q, laxf/ If]q / n'lDagL u|fdsf] cjwf/0ffcg';f/ sfo{qmd
;~rfng xF'+b} cfPsf] 5 . /fli6«o uf}/jsf] ?kdf @)^^.^& af6 ;~rflnt of] cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfut ?=^ ca{
!) s/f]8 /x]sf]df o; jif{;Dddf ?=# ca{ && s/f]8 &! nfv vr{ eO{ *) k|ltzt ef}lts k|ult u/]sf]
pNn]v 5 .
23. s/f/df sd{rf/L lgo'lQm – sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{ tyf ;'ljwf;DaGwL ljlgod, @)%* df ;ldltsf]
:jLs[ltdf pkfWoIfn] cfjZostfcg';f/ pko'Qm JolQmnfO{ s/f/df lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 .
sf]ifn] ut ljut jif{b]lv ljleGg kbdf @% sd{rf/L s/f/df lgo'lQm u/L of] jif{ ? () nfv (^ xhf/
tna vr{ n]v]sf] 5 . b/aGbL a]u/ #* ;'/Iff uf8{ s/f/df lgo'lQm u/L ?=*% nfv !( xhf/,
;/;kmfO{, g;{/Lnufotsf] sfo{df !@% hgf;Dd sfdbf/ s/f/df /fvL ?=@ s/f]8 $( nfv %@ xhf/
vr{ n]v]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . gx/ dd{t ;Def/, ;/;kmfO{, Wofg ;]8, ;'/Iff;DaGwL lgdf{0f sfo{nufot
k'FhLut sfdsf] nflu ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f zLif{sdf ljlgof]lht ?=$ s/f]8af6 ;'/Iff uf8{, ;/;kmfO{
nufot HofdL Hofnfdf ?=# s/f]8 %& nfv $^ xhf/ vr{ n]v]sf] 5 . k'FhLut sfo{sf] nflu k|fKt
ah]6af6 sd{rf/L lgo'lQm u/L tna, eQf, HofdL Hofnfdf vr{ n]v]sf] lgod;Ddt b]lvPg . sf]ifnfO{
cTofjZos b/aGbL ;+u7g ;j]{If0f u/L Joj:yfkg ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . k'FhLut sfdsf] nflu k|fKt ah]6
tna, eQf / Hofnfdf vr{ ug]{, b/aGbL :jLs[t gePsf kbdf s/f/df lgo'lQm ug]{ / nfut cg'dfg
g} tof/ gu/L HofdL /fvL vr{ n]Vg gldNg] x'Fbf ;DalGwtnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
24. k/fdz{ ;]jf – n'lDagL kl/;/df lgdf{0f ul/g] ;ef xn, ljB'tLs/0f tyf 6]lnsDo'lgs];g g]6js{sf]
lj:t[t 8«Oª l8hfOg, nfut cg'dfg tyf lgdf{0f sfo{sf] ;'k/lehg ug{ Ps k/fdz{bftf;Fu
@)&%.!@.#) ;Dddf sfo{ ;DkGg ug{] u/L @)&#.!@.@$ df d"No clej[l4 s/ afx]s ?=$ s/f]8 ^(
nfv !) xhf/sf] ;Demf}tf u/L ut jif{ ?=! s/f]8 $) nfv &# xhf/ / of] jif{ ?=! s/f]8 *& nfv
^$ xhf/;d]t ?=# s/f]8 @* nfv #& xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . o;;DaGwL b]lvPsf Joxf]/f
lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
24.1 ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ df k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfgdf cf]e/x]8 ;dfj]z ug]{ Joj:yf
5}g . pQm k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] nflu sf]ifaf6 @)&#.&.@* df :jLs[t nfut cg'dfg ?=$ s/f]8 @* nfv
$( xhf/df !) k|ltzt lz/f]ef/ vr{ yk u/]sf] sf/0f sf]ifnfO{ d"No clej[l4 s/;d]t ?=$% nfv
*( xhf/ yk Jooef/ kf/]sf]df lg0f{ostf{nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
24.2 k/fdz{bftfn] k]; u/]sf] cfly{s k|:tfjcg';f/ l6d ln8/, 8]k'6L l6d ln8/ / d'Vo lj1x?sf] nflu @)
dflg; dlxgf cjlw /fv]sf] dWo] l8hfOg sfo{df & dlxgf -#% k|ltzt_ / ;'k/lehg sfo{df !#
dlxgf -^%k|ltzt_ /fv]sf] 5 . pQm k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] sfo{I]fqdf kg{] # lgdf{0f sfo{sf] vl/b ;Demf}tf
@)&$.!@.^ / !% ut] dfq ePsf]df ;'k/lehgsf] sfo{ To;kl5dfq z'? x'g] b]lvG5 . k/fdz{bftfsf
lj1 tyf sd{rf/Lsf] kfl/>lds ?=# s/f]8 &# nfv *% xhf/dWo] l8hfOg / vl/b r/0fsf] nflu ?=!
s/f]8 $ nfv (% xhf/ -@* k|ltzt_ / lgdf{0f sfo{sf] ;'k/lehg r/0fsf] nflu ?=@ s/f]8 ^* nfv
() xhf/ -&@ k|ltzt_ /x]sf] 5 . vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] ;fdfGo zt{sf] aF'bf g+=^=@ df lj1 tyf
sd{rf/Ln] sfd u/]sf] ;dosf] cfwf/df kfl/>lds e'QmfgL lbg] Joj:yf eP cg';f/ ;'k/lehg sfo{
z'? x'g' cl3 -@)&$ kmfNu'g;Dd_ kfl/>lds ?=! s/f]8 $ nfv (% xhf/ / ;f]xL cg'kftdf cGo
vr{ ?=! s/f]8 #& nfv @$ xhf/dfq e'QmfgL x'g'kg{]df ?=@ s/f]8 *! nfv $^ xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf]
b]lvof] . vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] Joj:yf, k/fdz{bftfn] k]; u/]sf] k|:tfj tyf sfo{ tflnsf ljkl/t a9L
e'QmfgL lbPsf] ?=#( nfv @& xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
25. a9L e'QmfgL – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfanL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@# df e'QmfgL ubf{ jf:tljs sfo{
;Dkfbgsf] cfwf/df lan aLhssf] k/LIf0f u/L e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . sf]ifn] Ps lgdf{0f
Joj;foLnfO{ lbg'kg]{eGbf Ps jif{ cufl8sf] d"No;"rL k|of]u u/L ?=$^ nfv @$ xhf/ a9L d"No
;dfof]hg u/L e'QmfgL lbPsf], Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ klxnf] /lgª landf e'QmfgL ePsf] /sd 36L
lhDd]jf/L ;f/L ?=^@ xhf/ a9L e'QmfgL lbPsf], Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ aLdfsf] ?=%# xhf/ a9L
e'QmfgL lbPsf] / csf{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ u/]sf] sfdeGbf a9L / lhDd]jf/L 36L ;f/L a9L e'QmfgL
lbPsf] ? $ nfv &! xhf/ / @)^&.^* sf] Ps 7]Ssfsf lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ d"No ;dfof]hg e'QmfgL
ubf{ ;Demf}tfcg';f/ gu/L km/s ;dosf] d"No;"rLsf] cfwf/df ?=!@ nfv %@ xhf/ a9L e'QmfgL
ePsf] ;d]t ?=^$ nfv ^@ xhf/ a9L e'QmfgL lbPsf]n] c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
26. af]nkqbftfsf] of]Uotf – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @# df af]nkq k/LIf0f ug]{ Joj:yf
/x]sf] / @#-@_-3_ df vl/b ;Demf}tfsf zt{cg'?k af]nkq ;f/e"t ?kdf k|efju|fxL geP bkmf @^
cg';f/ vl/b sf/afxL /2 x'g] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . sf]ifn] n'lDagL kl/;/df ljB'tLo sfo{ ug{ d"No
clej[l4 s/ afx]s ?=@$ s/f]8 !$ nfv (* xhf/sf] nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t u/L af]nkq cfXjfg
u/]sf]df Ps ;+o'Qm pkqmdn] dfq k]; u/]sf] ?=@$ s/f]8 # nfv $* xhf/ -)=$& k|ltzt 36L_ sf]
af]nkq :jLs[t u/]sf] 5 . af]nkq sfuhftdf kl5Nnf] ;ft jif{df Go"gtd Ps cfof]hgfdf !! s]=eL=
Ifdtfsf] PaL;L s]a'nsf] sfd !# lsnf]ld6/ u/]sf], #)) ld6/ e"ldut 6«fG;ld;g nfOgsf] sfd
u/]sf] / $^$ jf6 zf}o{ aQLsf] sfd u/]sf] x'g'kg]{, p:t} k|s[ltsf] sfo{ kl5Nnf] & jif{df sDtLdf @
cfof]hgfdf ;DkGg u/]sf] / sDtLdf ?=!@ s/f]8sf] sf/f]af/ u/]sf] x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;+o'Qm
pkqmdsf tLg lgdf{0f Joj;foLdWo] b'O{ lgdf{0f ;]jfn] ljB'tLs/0fsf] sfd g} gu/]sf] tyf Ps lgdf{0f
;]jfn] @)^&.^* cufl8 s]xL ljB'tLs/0f;DaGwL sfd u/] tfklg tTkZrft\ s'g} sfd gu/]sf]n] ;+o'Qm
pkqmdsf ;a} lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] pNn]lvt of]Uotf k"/f u/]sf] b]lvPg . af]nkqsf] zt{df plNnlvt
k|fljlws of]Uotf g} gk'u]sf] af]nkqbftfnfO{ ;f/e"t ?kdf k|efju|fxL elg vl/b ;Demf}tf u/L ?=$
s/f]8 $) nfv #$ xhf/ k]:sL lbPsf] ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g k|lts"n b]lvPsf] 5 . o;df 5fglag u/L
sf/afxL x'g'kb{5 .
27. e]l/P;g – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf %$ df vl/b ;Demf}tf ubf{sf] avt k"jf{g'dfg ug{
g;lsPsf] kl/l:ylt ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf l;h{gf ePdf ;f]sf] :ki6 sf/0f v'nfO{ e]l/P;g
cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg], lgodfjnL @)^$ sf] lgod !!*-!_ df lgdf{0f sfo{sf] e]l/P;g cfb]z hf/L
ubf{ k|fljlws k':6\of+O{ / sf/0f v'nfpg'kg{] Joj:yf 5 . sf]ifaf6 ePsf e]l/P;g cfb]z ;DaGwdf
b]lvPsf Joxf]]/f lgDg 5g\M
27.1 vfg]kfgL Joj:yfkgsf] nflu Ps 7]Ssfdf ;Demf}tf /sd ?=!& s/f]8 &# nfv # xhf/ /x]sf]df @#=^(
k|ltztn] j[l4 x'g] u/L e]l/P;g :jLs[t u/L ;Demf}tf /sd ?=@! s/f]8 (# nfv @# xhf/ sfod
u/]sf] 5 . Vffg]kfgL ljt/0fdf k|of]]u x'g] @%,*) / !% ;]G6Lld6/ 8fold6/sf hL=cfO{=kfOkx? ahf/df
pknAw gePsf]n] ;f]sf] ;§f !)) ;]G6LdL6/ 8fold6/sf kfOk k|of]u ug{'k/]sf] sf/0f b]vfO{ e]l/P;g
:jLs[t u/]sf] kfOof] . pQm sfo{sf] 8«Oª l8hfOg, nfut cg'dfg k'Nrf]s OlGhlgol/ª SofDk;n]
tof/ u/]sf]df ahf/df pknAw lgdf{0f ;fdu|L / cfjZos kg]{ ;fdu|L ;DaGwdf lj:t[t cWoog
gu/]sf] sf/0f sf]ifnfO{ ?=$ s/f]8 @) nfv @) xhf/ yk Jooef/ k/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . yk Jooef/
k/]sf] ;DaGwdf k/fdz{bftfnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
27.2 n'lDagL kl/;/df ;f]nf/ nfO6 h8fg ug{ Ps ;+o'Qm pkqmd;+u k|lt ;f]nf/ ;]6 d"No clej[l4 s/
afx]s ?=%& xhf/ %)) df #$% ;]6 h8fg ug{ @)&$.#.@# df ?=! s/f]8 (* nfv #* xhf/sf]
vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf]df ;Demf}tfdf $) jf6sf] lrdsf] nflu ;f]nf/ kL=eL= df]8]n ;fOh !@) 8An' kL
Ifdtfsf] cfjZos kg]{ pNn]v 5 . cfk"t{sn] ;fljs ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon]
@)&@.!@.)$ df ;a} gu/kflnsnfO{ ;f]nf/ h8fg;DaGwL k|fljlws :k]l;lkms];g hfgsf/L u/fPsf]
kqsf] k|ltlnlk k]; u/L @) jf6sf] lrdsf] nflu ;f]nf/ kL=eL= df]8n ;fOh @)) 8An'=kL=sf] pko'Qm
x'g] x'gfn] e]l/P;g :jLs[t u/L kfpg lgj]bg lbPsf] b]lvG5 . ;f] lgj]bg;fy ;f]nf/ ;]6sf] ;Demf}tf
d"No k|lt;]6 ?=%& xhf/ %)) af6 j[l4 u/L ?=&! xhf/ %)) ug{ dfu u/]cg';f/ g} sf]ifaf6
@)&$.%.#) df e]l/P;g :jLs[t u/L ;Demf}tf cÍ ?=@ s/f]8 $^ nfv ^* xhf/ sfod u/]sf] 5 .
sf]ifn] af]nkq ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu :jLs[t u/]sf] nfut cg'dfgdf k|lt ;f]nf/ ;]6 ?=*%
xhf/ /x]sf] / ;f]dWo] !)) 8An'=kL= Ifdtfsf] ;f]nf/ kL=eL= df]8]n @ yfgsf] nflu ?=@@ xhf/ pNn]v
5 . cfk"t{sn] ;'?df ;fdfgsf] k|lt yfg ?=!* xhf/ pNn]v u/]sf]df e]l/P;g k|of]hgsf] nflu
k|ltyfg ?=#) xhf/ dfu u/]cg';f/ sf]ifaf6 :jLs[t u/]sf] kfOof] . o;/L cfk"t{sn] ;KnfO{ u/]sf]
#@% ;]6 ;f]nf/sf] nflu d"No clej[l4 s/;d]t ?=$^ nfv #% xhf/ -;f]nf/ Kofgndf k|lt ;]6 ?=!@
xhf/ / kf]n P;];l/hdf k|lt ;]6 ?=@ xhf/sf b/n]_ yk e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 .
;f]nf/ kL=eL= df]8]nsf] Ifdtf j[l4 ug{ cfjZos b]lvPdf sf]ifn] ;f] ;fdfgsf] nfut cg'dfg
tof/ u/L pQm cfk"t{s;Fu jftf{ u/L b//]6 to ug{'kg{]df lghn] dfu u/]s} b//]6nfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf]
pko'Qm b]lvPg . ;Demf}tfdf kf]n P;];l/h k|lt;]6 ?=$ xhf/ /x]sf]df e]l/P;g ubf{ ?=^ xhf/ dfu
u/]sf] cfwf/df e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . ;f]nf/ ;]6cGt{ut ;f]nf/ Kofgn a9L Ifdtfsf] :jLs[t eP tfklg
kf]n P;];l/hdf d"No a9fpg'kg{] k|flalws sf/0f gb]lvPsf]n] k|lt kf]n P;];l/h ?=@ xhf/sf b/n]
#@% ;]6sf] x'g] d"No clej[l4 s/;d]t ?=& nfv #% xhf/ c;'n x'g'kg{] b]lvG5 .
27.3 Ps 7]Ssfdf l;Daf]lns k]lelnog lgdf{0f / tfn lgdf{0f u/L b'O{ Kofs]hsf] sfd /x]sf]df sfo{ ;DkGg
k|ltj]bgcg';f/ l;Daf]lns k]lelnog sfo{ ?=# s/f]8 !^ nfv #* xhf/sf] ug'{kg]{df ?=# s/f]8 &)
nfv &@ xhf/sf] u/L !&=@! k|ltzt a9L sfo{ u/]sf] / tfn lgdf{0ftk{m ?=! s/f]8 @^ nfv **
xhf/sf] sfd gu/L @&=^% k|ltzt 36L sfo{ u/L 7]Ssf km/kmf/s u/]sf] 5 .

tfnsf] sfd 36fPsf] / k]lelnogsf] sfd a9fPsf]df sfdsf] If]q g} kl/jt{g u/]sf] cj:yfdf
lgdf{0f sfo{sf] 8«Oª l8hfOg g} kl/jt{g ePsf]n] k|fljlws k'i6\ofO{;lxt e]l/P;g :jLs[t u/]sf] 5}g .
tfntkm{sf] sfddWo] d]l;gåf/f pTkflbt OF6fsf] sfo{ u/]sf] 5}g . k]lelnogtkm{ kL=;L=;L= km/ cf/=;L=
;L= -9nfg_ sfo{ ! xhf/ (( 3g ld6/ 36L u/]sf]]df pQm cfO6d;Fu ;DalGwt kmnfd] 58 / kmdf{sf]
sfd klg 36\g'kg{]df kmnfd] 58 ! nfv * xhf/ %(^ s]=hL= af6 ! nfv $* xhf/ #^) s]=hL=
k'u]sf] / kmdf{sf] sfd @ xhf/ (## ju{ld6/af6 $ xhf/ &%) ju{ld6/ k'u]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . kmnfd]
58 / kmdf{sf] sfd a9\g'kg{] sf/0f gb]lvPsf]n] ;f] cfO6ddf a9L vr{ b]vfPsf] kmnfd] 58tkm{ ?=##
nfv *) xhf/ -k|lt s]=hL= ?=*%_ / kmdf{tkm{ ?=& nfv @& xhf/ -k|lt a=ld= ? $))_ ;d]t a9L
e'QmfgL ePsf] d"No clej[l4 s/;d]t ?=$^ nfv $) xhf/ ;DaGwdf 5fglag ug'k{ b{5 .
kz'klt If]q ljsf; sf]if
kz'klt If]q ljsf; sf]if P]g, @)$$ adf]lhd >L kz'kltgfy If]qsf]] ;'/Iff, ;Def/ / ljsf; ug{
tyf ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] ;bfrf/ / ;'ljwf sfod /fVg] lhDd]jf/L] sf]ifdf /x]sf] 5 . of] jif{ g]kfn ;/sf/af6
k|fKt cg'bfg ?=@@ s/f]8 () nfv @! xhf/;lxt ?=&% s/f]8 %# nfv !* xhf/ cfo ePsf]df ?=^! s/f]8
^! nfv (& xhf/ vr{ u/L ?=!# s/f]8 (! nfv @! xhf/ art /x]sf] 5 .
28. k|ult l:ylt – sf]ifnfO{ /fli6«o uf}/jsf] cfof]hgf 3f]if0ff u/L pRr k|fyldstf lbP tfklg 3f]if0ffsf] $
jif{kl5 e"–pkof]u tyf ;+/rgfut u'?of]hgf tof/ ug]{ sfo{sf] nflu @)&#.&$ df ?=& s/f]8sf] ah]6
Joj:yf ePsf]df ?=! s/f]8 !% nfv @@ xhf/ / of] jif{ ?=% s/f]8 ah]6 Joj:yf ePsf]df ?=!& nfv
#$ xhf/ vr{ ePsf] 5 . 3f]if0ff k"j{ lj:t[t ;j]{If0f, 8«Oª, l8hfOg, nfut cg'dfg tof/ g} gu/L
/fli6«o uf}/jsf] cfof]hgf 3f]if0ff ug]{ / ;f]cg';f/ tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf k|ltj]bg tof/L gug]{ k|rngdf
;'wf/ x'g'kb{5 .
29. lg0f{o sfof{Gjog – >Lkz'kltgfy dlGb/ / kz'klt If]q ljsf; sf]ifsf ljljw ;d:of ;dfwfg;DaGwL
cWoog u/L k|ltj]bg k]; ug{ ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltn] @)^#.$.! df Ps ;f+;bsf] ;+of]hsTjdf %
;b:o /xg] u/L pk ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm ;ldltn] kz'klt If]qdf ug'{kg]{ sfd, ;do
tflnsf / sfd ug]{ lgsfosf] :ki6 cjlw tf]sL sf]ifsf kbflwsf/L rog ug'{kg]{, ljleGg ;/sf/L
lgsfoaf6 x'g] ;a} sfd sf]ifaf6} ug]{ u/L sfg'gL Joj:yf ug'{kg]{, sltko hUuf df]xLn] Jofkfl/s
sfo{df pkof]u u/L cfod"ns sfo{ ;~rfng u/]cg';f/ >Lkz'kltgfynfO{ pko'Qm k|ltkmn k|fKt
gePsf], /f}tx6 tyf ;nf{xL lhNnfsf hUufsf] oyfy{ cj:yf cWoog u/L nut tof/ ug'{kg]{,
uf]7f6f/ l:yt hUufdf wfld{s, uf}zfnf, lzIff / :jf:Yo;DaGwL sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug'{kg]{, kl/;/sf]
c? dlGb/sf k'hf/L / cGo JolQmx?nfO{ sd{rf/Lsf] ?kdf lgo'Qm ug]{ / pgLx?sf] kfl/>lds, ;]jf
;'ljwf / sfd st{Jo / clwsf/ lgoddf :ki6 ug]{ nufotsf ;'emfa lbPsf]df xfn;Dd sfof{Gjog
u/]sf] kfOPg .
30. d[uaf6Lsf – sf]ifsf] d[u:ynLl:yt (% /f]kgL h+undf @)^!.*.$ df ;b/ lrl8ofvfgfaf6 lrQn,
s[i0f;f/ tyf /t'jf hftsf #) d[u NofO{ /fv]sf]df ltgLx?sf] sf/0fn] x'sL{ ;s]sf af]6 la?jf gi6
ePsf] tyf e"Ifo ePsf]n] h+un ;+/If0fsf nflu cfjZos sfo{ ug'{kg]{ b]lvof] .
31. ef8f c;'nL – jgsfnL wd{zfnf @)^*.!).! b]lv @)&#.(.#) ;Dd ;~rfng ug{ Ps sG;N6]G;LnfO{
ef8fdf lbPsf]df ;f] cjlwdf e"sDk uPsf]n] sf]ifn] s]xL JolQmnfO{ pQm wd{zfnfdf a;fPsf] cjlwsf]
axfn ? !) nfv @@ xhf/ 5'6 lbO{ afFsL x'g] axfn ?=! s/f]8 !$ nfv @! xhf/ ga'emfO{ wd{zfnf
5f]8L uPsf]df xfn;Dd pQm /sd a'emfPsf] 5}g . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ axfn ga'emfPsf] cj:yfdf
;Demf}tf ubf{ /fv]sf] gub w/f}6L ?=! nfv %% xhf/ hkmt u/]sf] 5}g . pQm sG;N6]G;Ln] Sof6l/ª
;]jf ;~rfng u/]sf], cGonfO{ ef8fdf lbg gkfpg]df wd{zfnfsf] aflx/ ;]8 agfO{ dfl;s ?=&% xhf/
a'emfpg] u/L ef8fdf lbP klg ef8f /sddf lgodfg';f/ 3/ axfn s/ ga'emfPsf] tyf ljB't pkof]u
u/] afkt dx;'n;d]t a'emfPsf] b]lvPg . lghn] a'emfpg'kg]{ /sd olsg u/L c;'n x'g'kb{5 .

To:t} ltnuËfl:yt ko{6s ;"rgf s]Gb| ejgdf lrof, skmL;lxts]f zfsfxf/L rd]gfu[x
;~rfgnsf nflu jflif{s ?=* nfv %* xhf/ axfn a'emfpg] u/L Ps Sofkm];Fu % jif{sf nflu
@)&@.$.#@ df ;Demf}tf ePsf]df sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgtsf] axfn cjlw ;dfKt ePsf], ;Demf}tf
cg';f/ @)&% c;f/;Ddsf] ef8f ?=#^ nfv *^ xhf/, ljnDa z'Ns ?=# nfv *& xhf/;lxt ?=$)
nfv &# xhf/ afFsL /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ ljB't dx;'n tyf axfn s/ lghn] g} a'emfpg'
kg]{df ;f] ;d]t a'emfPsf] b]lvPg . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ ef8f / ljB't dx;'n ga'emfpg]nfO{ sfg'gL
sf/afxL u/L pQm /sd c;'n ug'k{ b{5 .
32. ;f]lelgo/ tyf k"mn k;n – lgodfg';f/ 3/ hUuf clwu|x0f eO{ d'cfjhf k|bfg ul/;s]sf @#
3/wgLnfO{ hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu egL @)^! b]lv sf]ifn] ef8fdf lbPsf] sf]7fsf] @)&$ c;f/;Dddf
a'emfpg afFsL /sd ?=@ s/f]8 !# nfv % xhf/dWo] sfg'gL cfwf/a]u/ ?=! s/f]8 @& nfv (! xhf/
5'6 lbO{ ?=*$ nfv *$ xhf/dfq c;'n u/]sf] 5 .
;f] afx]s clwu|x0f u/]sf 3/hUufdf axfndf a:g] sl/a @)) JolQmnfO{ hLljsf]kfh{gsf
nflu egL jg u0f]z -;f]lelgo/ k;n_ /x]sf] If]qdf k"mn tyf cGo wfld{s ;fdfgsf] sf/f]af/ ug{
sf]ifn] g} 6x/f lgdf{0f u/L @)%&.%* b]lv ef8fdf lbPsf] hgfP klg ;f] cjlwb]lv g} s'g} ef8f /sd
lnPsf] 5}g . ef8fdf a:g]sf]] klxrfg tyf ;Demf}tf gu/L / axfn glnO{ a:g lbPsf], k"mn tyf k"hf
;fdu|Lsf] Jofkf/ ug{ cg'dlt glbPsf], k|rlnt P]g sfg'gcg';f/ Joj;fo btf{sf] k|df0fkq k];
gePsf] cj:yfdf lgMz'Ns ljB't pknAw u/fPsf] dgfl;a b]lvPg . c;'n ug'{kg]{ ef8f /sddf 5'6
lbg] / ef8f c;'n gug]n { fO{ lhDd]af/ agfO{ lgMz'Ns k;n /fVg lbg] sfo{ aGb x'g'kb{5 .
sf]ifn] !( JolQm tyf ;+:yfnfO{ ejg tyf sf]7fx? Jofj;flos tyf JolQmut k|of]hgdf
lgMz'Ns pknAw u/fPsf]] 5 . lgMz'Ns lbg'kg]{ ;DaGwdf :ki6 gLlt to x'g'kb{5 .
33. ko{6g k|j]z z'Ns – d"No clej[l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] bkmf % df cg';"rL ! df plNnlvt j:t' jf
;]jfsf] sf/f]af/df afx]s cGo k|To]s sf/f]af/df d"No clej[l4 s/ nfUg] Joj:yf 5 . d"No clej[l4
s/ gnfUg] ;"rLdf ko{6g k|j]z z'Ns pNn]v gePsf]n] pQm sf/f]af/df d"No clej[l4 s/ nfUg]
b]lvG5 . sf]ifn] @)&$.&% df ?=!$ s/f]8 !( nfv %) xhf/, @)&#.&$ df ?=!) s/f]8 *# nfv %
xhf/ / @)&@.&# df ?=& s/f]8 @% nfv $* xhf/ ko{6g ;]jf z'Ns c;'n u/]sf]df pQm z'Nsdf
nfUg] d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=$ s/f]8 !( nfv ^$ xhf/ c;'n u/]sf] b]lvPg . P]gsf] Joj:yf
sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
34. ;DklQsf] nut – kz'klt If]q ljsf; sf]if P]g, @)%) sf] bkmf !) -!_ -$3_ adf]lhd sf]ifn] kz'klt
If]qleqsf d7–dlGb/, ;Qn kf6L kf}jf, 9'Ë]wf/f, 3f6, au}rf, jg–h+un / >Lkz'kltgfy j/k/sf
;Dk"0f{ b]jL b]jtf;Fu ;DalGwt ;j} lsl;dsf u'7LcGt{ut kz'klt If]qleq jf aflx/ /x]sf P]nfgL /
ktL{ hUufsf] If]qkmn;d]t v'nfO{ clen]v tof/ gu/]sf]n] kz'klt If]qsf]] s'n ;DklQ olsg ug{
;lsPg . sf]ifn] ;a} ;DklQsf] cj:yf v'nfO{ nut tof/ u/L jf;nftdf b]vfpg] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
35. d'cfjhf – kz'klt If]q ljsf; sf]ifsf] u'?of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug]{ qmddf hUuf k|flKt P]g, @)#$
adf]lhd hUuf clwu|x0f u/L] hUuf / ;f] hUufdf ag]sf 3/ 6x/fsf] d'cfjhf e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 .
lhNnf b//]6 lgwf{/0f ;ldltsf] b//]6cg';f/ 3/sf] lgwf{l/t d"Nodf cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !(
sf] cg';"rL @ cg';f/ % k|ltztsf b/n] x|f; s§L ug'{kb{5 . j}B km]6f u'7Lsf ## hgfnfO{ ?=( s/f]8
*) nfv (* xhf/ / cGo !! nfO{ ?=@ s/f]8 *& nfv (@ xhf/ 3/hUufsf] d'cfjhf lbFbf 3/sf]
x|f; s§L u0fgf gu/]sf]n] Ps jif{sf] dfq % k|ltztsf b/n] u0fgf ubf{ klg ?=^# nfv $% xhf/ yk
Jooef/ k/]sf] 5 . ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] d'cfjhf ljt/0f ubf{ hUufsf] If]qkmneGbf 3/ 6x/fsf] If]qkmn
a9L b]vfO{ kfFr hUufwgL÷df]xLnfO{ ?=!% nfv $* xhf/ a9L e'QmfgL lbPsf] kfOof] . hUufsf] If]qkmn
eGbf a9L e'QmfgL ePsf] pQm /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 . To;}u/L d'cfjhf ljt/0f e};s]sf hUufsf]
hUufwgL k|df0fk'hf{ k|fKt u/L cBfjlws ug'{kb{5 .

g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f, @)&$.&%
g]kfndf gful/s p8\8ogsf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ tyf lgodg ug{ / /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o xjfO{
;Dks{sf] nflu xjfO{ p8\8og, xjfO{ ;~rf/, xjfO{ ky k|bz{g / xjfO{ kl/jxg ;]jfsf] ;~rfng ;'/lIft,
lgoldt, :t/Lo / k|efjsf/L agfpg g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0f P]g, @)%# cg';f/ @)%%.*.@& df
k|flws/0fsf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] .
36. sfo{ ;~rfng l:ylt – k|flws/0fsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no / dftxt sfof{no cGtu{t sl/a ()) sd{rf/L
sfo{/t 5g\ . j}b]lzs ;xfotfaf6 # cfof]hgf, % ljdfg:ynsf] ;'wf/ tyf lj:tf/ sfo{ / @
cGt/{fli6«o tyf % cfGtl/s ljdfg:yn lgdf{0ffwLg 5g\ . ;g\ @)!# df o"/f]lkog o'lgogn] g]kfnL
cfsfznfO{ c;'/lIft egL sfnf] ;"rLdf /fv]sf]df k'ms'jf ePsf] 5}g .
37. ljQLo l:ylt tyf ;~rfng glthf – k|flws/0fsf] ;]o/k'FhL utjif{ ;Dd ? @% ca{ $* s/f]8 (&
nfv /x]sf]df o;jif{ ?= #% ca{ &% s/f]8 *! nfv sfod ePsf] b]lvG5 . dlGqkl/ifb\sf]
@)%(÷!!÷!( sf] lg0f{on] k|flws/0fdf x:tfGt/0f ePsf] ;DklQsf] d"No ?= ( ca{ &$ s/f]8 &)
nfv sfod u/]sf]df ?= ! ca{ ## s/f]8 ;+lrt zf]Wo cu|flwsf/ ;]o/df ?= ! ca{ ## s/f]8
bL3{sfnLg C0f 36fO{ afFsL ?= & ca{ * s/f]8 &) nfvnfO{ k"FhL ;+/rgfaf6 k|fKt ePsf] b]vfPsf] 5 .
k|flws/0fsf] ;DklQ ? ! va{ *$ ca{ ^@ s/f]8 &) nfv b]lvG5 . utjif{ ;Dd ;+lrt gfkmf ?= &
ca{ @) s/f]8 #$ nfvdf o; jif{sf] gfkmf ?= $ ca{ $! s/f]8 (& nfv yk eO{ @)&% cfiff9
d;fGt;Dd ?= !! ca{ ^@ s/f]8 #! nfv k'u]sf] 5 . ljdfg:yn ljsf; sf]ifdf df}Hbft ?= # ca{ %@
s/f]8 #$ nfvnfO{ cfDbfgLdf n]vfÍg u/]sf]n] of] jif{ gfkmf a9L b]lvPsf] 5 .
38. ejg lgdf{0f sfo{sf] Kofs]h – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod # df vl/bnfO{
;'ljwfhgs ;d"xdf ljefhg ug]{ jf Kofs]hdf ;dfj]z u/L vl/b sf/afxLsf] tof/L ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf
5 . s]Gb|Lo sfof{no ejg lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{sf] -lkmlgl;ª afx]ssf]_ nfut cg'dfg ?= *! s/f]8
/x]sf]df Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;+u ?= &) s/f]8 %& nfvdf @)&!.!).@& df ;Demf}tf ePsf]df @ k6s
@)&%.%.#! ;Dd Dofb yk ePsf] 5 . xfn ;Dd ?= #@ s/f]8 !* nfv -%!=(( k|ltzt_ e'QmfgL
ePsf] 5 . ejg lgdf{0f / lkmlgl;Ë sfo{nfO{ cnu cnu Kofs]h agfO{ klxnf] r/0fsf] dfq 7]Ssf
nufPsf] 5 . ejg lgdf{0fsf] ;Dk"0f{ sfdnfO{ Pp6} Kofs]hdf 7]Ssf Joj:yfkg gubf{ nfut a9\g]
b]lvPsf] 5 .
39. a}Í lx;fa ldnfg – sfof{nosf] lx;fj / a}Ín] b]vfPsf] df}Hbft le8fg ug{ lgoldt ?kdf a}Í lx;fa
ldnfg ljj/0f tof/ ug'{kb{5 . of] jif{ #) j}s vftfdf k|flws/0fsf] clen]v / a}Í :6]6d]G6df ? #^
s/f]8 ^^ nfv km/s /x]sf] 5 .
40. xjfO{ ;]jf k|bfos;Fu jSof}tf – Ps xjfO{ ;]jf k|bfosn] @)&%.^.@^ df clGtd p8fg u/] kl5
g]kfnsf nflu p8fg :ylut u/]sf] 5 . pQm ;]jf k|bfosaf6 ljdfg:yn ljsf; z'Ns ?=^ s/f]8 %@
nfv Pj+ Nofl08Ë, kfls{Ë / ;~rf/ z'Ns ?= !% s/f]8 #$ nfv;d]t ?=@! s/f]8 *^ nfv c;'n
u/]sf] 5}g . /sd c;'n gu/L hxfh lkmtf{ Nf}hfg :jLs[lt lbg] k|flws/0fsf ;DjlGwt kbflwsf/LnfO{
41. a}Í bflvnf – ;]jfk|bfosaf6 k|flws/0fdf k|fKt e} cfo n]vf+sg ePsf sltko r]ssf /sd lgotjz
a}Ídf hDdf gu/]sf] / tL r]s xfn k|flws/0fdf g/x]sf] kfOof] . k|flws/0fdf @)&@.&# / @)&#.&$ df
k|fKt ePsf dWo] k|e' a}Í lnld6]8 / ;]~r'/L sdl;{on a}Í lnld6]8sf] ?=% s/f]8 @^ nfv ( sf] r]s
a}Í bflvnf ePsf] kfOPg . k|fKt x'g cfPsf] r]s /sd a}+sdf hDdf gu/L k|flws/0fnfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL
k'¥ofpg]nfO{ sf/jfxL u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
42. r]s afpG; – Ps xjfO{;]jf k|bfosaf6 Nofl08ª tyf kfls{ª z'Nsjfkt k|fKt r]s k|flws/0fn] cfo
n]vf+sg u/L hDdf ug{ a}Ídf k7fPsf]df @)&@.)&# sf] ? %# nfv %# xhf/ / @)&$.)&% sf] ? $
s/f]8 %) nfv ;d]t ? % s/f]8 # nfv %# xhf/sf] r]s afpG; e} a}Í vftfdf hDdf gePsf]
Joxf]/f @)&% cfiff9 d;fGtkl5 lx;fa ldnfg ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ qmddf dfq hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf]
b]lvof] . k|To]s dlxgf a}Í lx;fj ldnfg gug]{, cfDbfgL lx;fj cBfjlws gug]{ / r]s afpG;
ePsf]df ;d]t ;dod} hfgsf/L k|fKt gug]{ cj:yf b]lvPsf]n] r]s jfpG; ePsf]df a}Flsª s;'/
;DjGwL sf/jfxL grnfpg] kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ pSt /sd c;'n ug'{ kb{5 .
43. XofFu/ lgdf{0f If]qsf] ef8f – ljdfg:yn ;]jf z'Ns ljlgodfjnL, @)^& sf] ljlgod !* sf] cg';"rL–
!% jdf]lhd x\of+u/ lgdf{0fsf] nflu lbOg] hUuf axfn k|lt dlxgf k|ltju{ld6/ ? @%). /x]sf] 5 .
lqe'jg cGt/fli6«o gful/s p8\8og sfof{no / Ps ;F:yfjLr @@ d] @)!@ df sfuf]{ ejgsf] klZrd
tkm{sf] ! xhf/ !)%=&( ju{ld6/ hUuf ofq' tyf ;fdfg cf];f/ k;f/, uf]bfd sfof{no tyf
e08f/0fsf] nflu ! k|m]a|'c/L @)!@ b]lv @! hgj/L @)#@ ;Dd @) jif{sf nflu ef8fdf lng] lbg] u/L
;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . pQm ;Demf}tfdf k|lt ju{ld6/ jflif{s ?=!&%.– sf b/n] ef8f lng] pNn]v 5 .
ljlgoddf dfl;s pNn]v ePsf]df b//]6 36L x'g] u/L ;Demf}tfdf jflif{s b/ /]6 pNn]v u/]sf sf/0f
;Demf}tf ;'? eP b]lv @)&% cfiff9 d;fGt ;Dd s'n ?= ! s/f]8 *( nfv (# xhf/ k|fKt x'g'kg]{df
?=!% nfv &^ xhf/ dfq k|fKt ePsf] b]lvof] . o;/L lgodsf] Joj:yf eGbf 36L x'g] u/L ;Demf}tfug]{
kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ 36L k|fKt ?= ! s/f]8 &^ nfv ## xhf/ c;"n ug'{kb{5 .
44. k;n ef8f – k|flws/0f / Ps lghL kmd{ jLr @)%^.*.!* df cGt/f{li6«o 6ld{gn ejgsf] k|yd
tNnfsf] k|:yfg sIfsf] !) ju{ld6/ / cfudg sIfdf !* ju{ld6/ If]qkmndf k;n ;+rfngsf nflu
ef8fdf lbg] ;Demf}tf ePsf] b]lvof] . ;Demf}tfdf s'n las|Ldf !% k|ltzt /f]oN6L lng] / pQm /sd
kl5Nnf] dlxgfsf] & ut]leq e"QmfgL ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . ;f] ;Demf}tfsf] cjlw @)^%.@.!$ ;Dd
/x]sf]df yk # jif{sf nflu gjLs/0f u/]sf] b]lvG5 . gjLs/0f ubf{ ef8f ? ! s/f]8 @& nfv c;'n
ug{ afFsL /x]sf] ;d]t @)&% cfiff9;Dd c;'n ug{ afFsL ef8f ?= ^ s/f]8 &! nfv k'u]sf] 5 . s'n
las|L olsg u/L ;f] sf] !% k|ltzt /f]oN6L @)%^ ;fnb]lv g} c;'n u/]sf] 5}g . /f]oN6L tyf sl/j #
jif{;Ddsf] aSof}tf ef8f c;'n gu/L ef8f ;Demf}tf gljs/0f u/]sf] dgfl;a b]lvPg .
To;}u/L k|flws/0f / Ps lghL kmd{ jLr cfudg sIf !* ju{ld6/ / k|:yfg sIf !)
ju{ld6/ pkof]u ug]{ ul/ @)%^.*.!& df ;Demf}tf ePsf]df k6s k6s u/L @)^%.@.!% ;Dd Dofb
yk ePsf] / @)^(.^.! df @)^%.@.!% b]lv nfu" x'g]u/L !) jif{sf] nflu Dofb yk ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf]
b]lvof] . ljleGg ldltdf If]qkmn yk ub}{ cfPsf] / xfn pQm kmd{n] cf]u6]sf] If]qkmn ;DaGwdf
sfof{nodf :ki6 clen]v /x]sf] 5}g . k|flws/0fn] kl5Nnf] k6s Dofb yk ubf{ lgh;Fu ?=! s/f]8 !&
nfv lng jfFsL /x]sf]df @)&% cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd afFsL ?=! s/f]8 #& nfv k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . ;Demf}tf
cg';f/ ef8f gltg]{nfO{ s/jfxL gu/L emg} ;'ljwf lbg] u/L Dofb yk ug]{ Pj+ k|flws/0fnfO{ xflg x'g]
sfo{ ug]{ kbflwsf/L pk/ 5fglag u/L sf/afxL ul/g'kb{5 .
45. d'cfjhf – o;jif{ sf7df8fF}, kf]v/f, lghu9 / e}/xjf ljdfg:yn sfof{non] 3/, uf]7, 6x/f /
hUufsf] d'cfjhf qmdzM ?=$ ca{ %( s/f]8 *% nfv, ?=!) s/f]8 @% nfv, ?= ## s/f]8 #& nfv /
?= * ca{ (% s/f]8 &# nfv;d]t ?= !# ca{ (( s/f]8 @) nfv e'QmfgL lbPsf 5g\ . d'cfjhfsf]
cBfjlws clen]v /fv]sf] kfOPg . clen]v cBfjlws u/L bf]xf]/f] tyf a9L e'QmfgL gx'g] Joj:yf
ldnfpg' kb{5 .
46. lgdf{0f, ;~rfng / x:tfGt/0f – lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:ynsf] uf]N8]g u]6sf] k"j{tkm{sf] %) /f]kgL
!%cfgf # bfd ! k};f If]qkmn ePsf] hUufdf Jofj;flos ejg lgdf{0f ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/ -
dlGqkl/ifb_sf] @)^&.%.!& sf] ;}4flGts ;xdlt cg';f/ Ps lgdf{0f Jofj;foL;Fu @! dlxgfleq
lgdf{0f sfo{;DkGg ug]{ / pQm ejg #) jif{kl5 k|flws/0fnfO{ lkmtf{ ug]{u/L @)^(.&.@ df ;Demf}tf
ePsf] 5 .
lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] ;Demf}tfdf gePsf] e"ldut kfls{ª lgdf{0f u/]sf], :jLs[t l8hfOg cg';f/
ejgsf] prfO{ #& lkm6 /x]sf]df %@ lkm6 prfO{ x'g]u/L ;+/rgf agfPsf]n] kof{Kt dfqfdf ;'/Iffsf]
k|Tofel"t g/x]sf] Aoxf]/f k|flws/0fsf] @)&$.!@.@ / @)&$.!@.@% sf] kqdf pNn]v 5 . ;Demf}tf eGbf

km/s x'g] u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ u/]sf] ;DaGwdf 5fgljg ug'{kb{5 . pQm ;Demf}tfdf lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg
ePkl5 lghn] k|flws/0fnfO{ jflif{s ?=&* nfv hUuf ef8f a'emfpg] pNn]v 5 . lgh;Fu xfn;Dd s'g}
/sd c;'n u/]sf] 5}g .
47. w/f}6L – ljdfg:yn ;]jf z'Ns lgodfjnL, @)^& sf] lgod $ sf] pklgod -3_df jfo';]jf sDkgLn]
p8fg ;+rfng ug'{ k"j{ ?= #) nfv k|flws/0fnfO{ clu|d w/f}6L a'emfpg'kg]{, sDkgLn] ltg'{kg]{ /sd
afFsL x'g cfPdf ;f]xL w/f}6L /sdaf6 s§f ug]{] / o;/L s§f u/]sf] /sd pQm sDkgLn] t'?Gt k"lt{
ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . o:t} ljdfg p8fg ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)^( df cGt/f{li6«o jfo';]jf ;+rfns
;+:yfaf6 k|To]s p8fgsf] l;6 Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df Ps dlxgfsf] ofq';]jf ;'ljwf z'Ns / cfGtl/s
jfo';]jf ;+rfns sDkgLn] !% lbg a/fa/sf] w/f}6L /fVg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o
ljdfg:yn sfof{non] #) cGt/f{li6«o tyf !* cfGtl/s jfo';]jf sDkgLaf6 lgod adf]lhd /fVg'kg]{
^% s/f]8 @! nfv $! xhf/ w/f}6L lnPsf] kfOPg . sfof{non] pQm w/f}6L /sd lng'' kb{5 .
48. aSof}tf – k|flws/0fsf] ;]jf z'Ns lgodfjnL, @)^& df ;]jf z"Ns, ef8f, /f]oN6L jf cGo cfDbfgL
;]jf k|bfosn] ;dod} k|flws/0fnfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . k|flws/0fn] o;jif{ @$! cf;fdLaf6 ?=
@ ca{ #& s/f]8 @$ nfv $@ xhf/ lng af+sL b]lvG5 . pQm /sd lgodfjnLsf] Joj:yf cg';f/
c;'n ug{'kb{5 .
49. k;n sjnsf] ef8f – k|flws/0fsf] lgodfjnL, @)^& -;+zf]wg;lxt @)&@_ df k|To]s k;n sjn
ef8f clwstd # jif{sf] x'g] / ;f] kZrft\ k'gM af]nkqsf] dfWodaf6 ef8fdf nufpg'kg]{ pNn]v 5 .
lqe'jg cGt/fli6«o ljdfg:yndf ;~rfngdf /x]sf ^) k;n sjndWo] !* k;n sjn /
k|flws/0faLr ljjfb /x]sf] b]lvG5 . tL k;nx? dWo] s]xL ljut kfFr jif{b]lv lg/Gt/ ;~rfngdf
/x]sf] b]lvof] . af]nkqsf] dfWodaf6 k;n sjn Joj:yfkg gu/L k'/fgf] b/df ef8f nufpFbf
k|flws/0fnfO{ cfly{s gf]S;fg ePsf] 5 . ;dod} ljjfb ;dfwfg u/L k|lt:kwf{Tds ?kdf k;n sjn
;~rfng x'g] jftfj/0f ldnfpg' kb{5 .
50. g]kfn ljQLo k|ltj]bgdfg tof/L vr{ – k|flws/0fn] g]kfn rf6{8 PsfpG6]06 ;+:yfn] hf/L u/]sf]
lgb]{zg cg';f/ g]kfn ljQLo k|ltj]bgdfg nfu" ug{ @)&@.#.# df lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . k|flws/0fdf pQm
k|ltj]bgdfg nfu" ug]{ k|f/lDes sfo{ Pj+ nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug{ ?= !@ nfv $# xhf/, ljQLo
k|ltj]bgdfg sfo{sf nflu ? @ s/f]8 &# nfv ^% xhf/, l:y/ ;DklQ d"NofÍg sfo{sf nflu ?=!
s/f]8 ^# nfv &$ xhf/ / ljdfÍLo d"NofÍgsf nflu ?= !* nfv &% xhf/;d]t ?=$ s/f]8 ^*
nfv %& xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] 5 . ;f] vr{ dWo] # hgf ljb]zL lj1 / ;xfos ;d]tsf] nflu ?=(# nfv
e'QmfgL u/]sf]df lt lj1n] sfd u/]sf] b]lvPg . g]kfn ljQLo k|ltj]bgdfg nfu" ug{ sd{rf/L
;~rosf]ifn] ? # nfv, g]kfn b"/;~rf/ sDkgLn] ? !! nfv, gu/ ljsf; sf]ifn] ?=!$ nfv, g]kfn
a}Í lnld6]8n] ? #@ nfv / s[lif ljsf; a}Ín] ? #) nfv vr{ n]v]sf] b]lvG5 . k/fdz{bftf 5gf}6sf
s|ddf ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf #^-!_-v_ / lgoddfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@-u_ tyf
&)-&_ kfngf gu/]sf] / c:jfefljs vr{ u/]sf] ;DaGwdf 5fgljg u/L ;Dj4 kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{
uf}tda'4 cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn cfof]hgf, e}/xjf
51. Dofb yk – uf}tda'4 cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yndf # lsnf]ld6/ nfdf] /gj], ! xhf/ ()) ld6/sf] 6\ofS;L
j], 6ld{gn ejg, clUg tyf p4f/ s]Gb|nufotsf ;+/rgf lgdf{0f / :t/f]Gglt u/L cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf]
xjfO{ c8\8f agfpg Ps lgdf{0f Jofj;foL;Fu !# gf]j]Da/ @)!$ df ?= ^ ca{ @@ s/f]8 %! nfvsf]
7]Ssf @) l8;]Da/ @)!& ;Dd ;DkGg ug]{u/L ;Demf}tf ePsf]df o; jif{;Dd ?= *& s/f]8 ** nfv
* xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] b]lvG5 . lgwf{l/t ;dodf sfo{;DkGg gePsf]n] @* h"g @)!( ;Dd Dofb yk
ePsf] b]lvG5 . xfn;Dd %@ k|ltzt ef}lts k|ult ePsf] b]lvPsf]n] ;dodf sfo{;DkGg ug{'kb{5 .

kf]v/f If]qLo cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn lgdf{0f cfof]hgf
52. C0f ;Demf}tf – g]kfn ;/sf/ / rLg ;/sf/jLr @! dfr{ @)!^ df ePsf] cfly{s tyf k|fljlws
;xof]u ;DaGwL ;Demf}tf cg';f/ cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ rLg ;/sf/n] #% s/f]8 %( nfv #)
xhf/ o'cfg lgAof{hL C0f pknAw u/fpg] pNn]v 5 . rLlgofF cfoft lgof{t a+}s dfkm{t ! ca{ @
s/f]8 @* nfv !) xhf/ o'cfgdf ga9\g] u/L C0f pknAw u/fpg d~h'/ u/]sf] ;d]t s'n C0f !
ca{ #& s/f]8 *& nfv $) xhf/ o'cfg, kfFr k|ltzt Aofhdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|flws/0fnfO{ pknAw
u/fpg] u/L @)&#.@.@# df ;Demf}tf ePsf] b]lvof] . pQm C0f & jif{sf] u|]; calw;lxt @)(@
cflZjg d;fGt -@) jif{_ ;Dddf C0f r'Qmf ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . ljdfg:ynsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? eO{ xfn
;Ddsf] ef}lts k|ult !% k|ltzt /x]sf]] 5 .
g]kfn jfo';]jf lgud, @)&$.&%
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ :jfldTjdf /xg] u/L ljqmd ;Djt\ @)!$ df :yfkgf ePsf] of] lgud /fli6«o
Wjhfjfxs ljdfg ;]jfsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . g]kfn jfo';]jf lgud P]g, @)!( cGtu{t b]z leq / aflx/
;'/lIft, s'zn / lskmfotL xjfO{ oftfoft ;]jfsf] Joj:yf ug'{ lgudsf] p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 . ;~rfns ;ldltsf]
;fdfGo lgoGq0f / lgb]{zg leq /xL sfo{sf/L cWoIf jf dxfk|aGwsn] lgud Joj:yfkgsf] lhDd]jf/L ;DxfNg]
Joj:yf 5 . lgudn] xfn !$ lsl;dsf ljdfgaf6 @% cfGtl/s / * cGt/f{li6«o uGtJodf p8fg ul//x]sf] 5 .
;f]sf] cltl/Qm lgudn] rf6{8{ p8fg, sfuf]{ ;]jf / u|fp08 Xof08lnª ;]jf ;d]t k|bfg ug]{ u/]sf] 5 .
53. ljQLo l:ylt / ;~rfng glthf – lgudsf] clws[t k'FhL ? #) s/f]8dWo] r'Qmf k'FhL ?= !^ s/f]8
@$ nfv, k'FhL afx]ssf] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] nufgL ?= @ ca{ ($ s/f]8 !^ nfv, k'gd{"Nof+sg sf]if ?= &
ca{ $& s/f]8 %@ nfv, ;+lrt gf]S;fgL ?= # ca{ #& s/f]8 #& nfv / dWod tyf bL3{sfnLg C0f
?=@( ca{ @* s/f]8 # nfv /x]sf] b]lvG5 . v'b rfn' ;DklQ ?=! ca{ $@ s/f]8 #% nfv C0ffTds
;d]t hDdf ;DklQ ? #^ ca{ $* s/f]8 %^ nfv /x]sf] 5 . ut jif{ ;~rfng cfDbfgL ?=!) ca{ !%
s/f]8 @! nfv, ;~rfng d'gfkmf ?=&# s/f]8 #) nfv / s/ cl3sf] d'gfkmf ?=@$ s/f]8 @& nfv
/x]sf]df o; jif{ ;~rfng cfDbfgL ?=!) ca{ &* s/f]8 @^ nfv, ;~rfng d'gfkmf ?= ^( s/f]8 %(
nfv / v'b gf]S;fgL ?=& s/f]8 ## nfv /x]sf] 5 .
;l~rt gf]S;fgLdf ePsf] j[l4n] v'b ;DklQ tyf OlSj6L km08 utjif{sf] t'ngfdf !)=^^
k|ltztn] 36\g uO{ ?=& ca{ @) s/f]8 %# nfv ePsf] 5 . C0f $!=#^ k|ltztn] a9]sf], rfn' ;DklQ
36]sf] / rfn' bfloTj a9]sf]n] v'b rfn' ;DklQ !%*=%# k|ltzt C0ffTds /x]sf] 5 . pko'{Qm l:yltn]
lgudsf] ;du| ljQLo Pj+ ;~rfng sfo{df yk ;'wf/ ug'{ kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
54. cg'kft ljZn]if0f – lgudsf] cg'kft ljZn]if0f b]xfoadf]lhd /x]sf] 5M
qmd ljj/0f 2074/75 2073/74
1 k"0f{ gub cg'kft 0.04 0.13
2 Rffn' cg'kft 0.77 0.90
3 zL3| ;DklQ bfloTj cg'kft 0.47 0.61
4 C0f k'FhL cg'kft 4.6 2.57
5 ;~rfng gfkmf cg'kft 0.06 0.07
gub, t/ntf, rfn' ;DklQ bfloTj, k'FhL ;F/rgf, d'gfkmf l:ylt h:tf k|d'v cg'kft
ljZn]if0f x]bf{ utjif{sf] t'ngfdf rfn'[ bfloTj e'QmfgLsf nflu pknJw t/ntf 36]sf], C0f k'+FhL a9]sf],
;~rfng d'gfkmf 36]sf] l:ylt 5 .

55. cf;fdL / ;fx' – cf;fdL tyf k|fKo /sd ?=*% s/f]8 &) nfvdWo] ! jif{ eGbf k'/fgf] ?=@^ s/f]8
%) nfv /x]sf]df c;"n ug]{ sfo{ ePsf] b]lvPg . ;fx' tyf cGo e"QmfgL lbg'kg]{ ?=@^ nfv ! jif{
eGbf k'/fgf] ePsf]n] pQm /sd ltg'{kg]{ jf gkg]{ osLg u/L lx;fj /fkm;fkm ug'{kb{5 .
56. /0fgLlt – lgudsf] cfDbfgL ?=!) ca{ &* s/f]8df Pc/qmfkm\6 Xof08lnª ;]jfsf] cfDbfgL ?=$ ca{ ^
s/f]8 ;dfj]z 5 . ljdfg ;~rfng cfoaf6 dfq lgud ;~rfng x'g] cj:yf g/x]sf]n] Pc/qmfˆ6
Xof08lnª ;]jfaf6 k|fKt cfo dflysf] lge{/tf a9]sf] 5 . ljdfgsf] k|s[lt / p8fgsf] If]q cg';f/
;~rfng nfutnfe ljZn]if0f u/L /0fgLlt to ug'{kg]{df ljZn]if0f u/]sf] 5}g . /0fg}lts Joj:yfkgdf
;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
57. gub k|jfx – ;~rfngaf6 gub k|jfx utjif{ eGbf #!=#$ k|ltztn] 36\g uO{ ?=! ca{ ^# s/f]8 %$
nfv ePsf] 5 . nufgL ?=( ca{ $$ s/f]8 #) nfvdWo] C0fjf6 ?=& ca{ #% s/f]8 !% nfv /
utjif{sf] gub df}Hbftjf6 ?=$% s/f]8 ^! nfv Joxf]/]sf] 5 . ut jif{ gub df}Hbft ?=^( s/f]8 !(
nfv /x]sf]df o; jif{ 36\g uO{ ?=@# s/f]8 %& nfv /x]sf]n] ;du| gub k|jfx 3l6/x]sf] l:ylt 5 .
;~rfngjf6 x'g] gubk|jfxdf j[l4 ug{ Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
58. p8fgsf] nIo k|ult – lgudn] cfo j[l4 / ;fv sfod u/L u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf lbg lgwf{l/t p8fg
tflnsf cg';f/ ljdfg p8fg x'g'kb{5 . of] jif{ lgwf{l/t tflnsf cg';f/ p8fg ge} /4 ePsf] l:ylt
5.
If]q p8fg x'g'kg]{ ;+Vof p8fg ePsf] ;+Vof p8fg /4 ;+Vof /4 k|ltzt
cGt/f{li6«o #&@# @(^@ &^! @)
cfGtl/s ^^^* $&)* !(^) @(
hDdf !)#(! &^&) @&@! @^
pko'{Qm tflnsfcg';f/ cGt/f{li6«o p8fgtkm{ @) k|ltzt / cfGtl/s p8fgtkm{ @( k|ltzt
p8fg /2 e} ;du|df @^ k|ltzt p8fg /2 ePsf] b]lvG5 . p8fg /2 x'Fbf ofq'nfO{ c;'ljwf x'g],
lgudsf] cfDbfgL 36\g] / ;fvdf lu/fj6 cfpg] cj:yf /xG5 . ctMsfj' jflx/sf] kl/l:ylt jfx]s
lgwf{l/t tflnsfcg';f/ p8fg ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
59. cfGtl/s p8fgsf] cfo – rLgdf lgdf{0f ePsf] Pd P ^) ljdfg / jfO{ !@ O{ ljdfg xfn cfGtl/s
p8fgdf /x]sf 5g\ . Pd P ^) af6 o; jif{ ?=@) s/f]8 ^$ nfv ;~rfng cfDbfgL ePsf]df
ljdfg;Fu ;DalGwt ;~rfng / ck|ToIf vr{ qmdzM ?=#! s/f]8 # nfv / ?=@! s/f]8 @% nfv
36fpFbf ?=#! s/f]8 ^$ nfv v'b 3f6f /x]sf] 5 . To:f}u/L jfO{ !@ O{ ljdfgaf6 o; jif{ ?=@ s/f]8
%! nfv !@ xhf/ ;~rfng cfDbfgL ePsf]df ljdfg;Fu ;DalGwt ;~rfng / ck|ToIf vr{ qmdzM
?=!* s/f]8 *% nfv / ?=( s/f]8 ^# nfv 36fpFbf ?=@* s/f]8 (& nfv v'b 3f6f /x]sf] 5 . tL
ljdfg ;~rfngaf6 lgudnfO{ 3f6f ePsf] x'+bf gfkmfdf ;~rfng ug{sf] nflu 7f]; sfo{of]hgf agfO{
nfu" ug{ ut jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 cf}FNofOPsf]df l:ylt oyfjt\ 5 .
60. ljdfg laqmL – lgudsf] cfly{s ljlgodfjnL @)^% sf] ljlgod @$) df ljdfg tyf ;f] sf] OlGhg
laqmL tyf lnnfd ubf{ ckgfpg'kg]{ sfo{ljlw / ljlgod #@ df a9fa9af6 lnnfd laqmL ug]{
sfo{ljlwsf] Joj:yf 5 . sfo{ljlwcg';f/ lnnfd ;sf/ ug{ 8fFs vf]Ng' cl3 Go"gtd d"Nosf] kfFr
k|ltzt gub w/f}6L /fVg'kg]{, 8fFs cÍ a9\b} uPdf w/f}6L yk ub}{ hfg'kg]{, ;fy} lnnfd ;sf/]sf]
;fdfg p7fO{ nfg'kg]{ cjlw / cGo cfjZos s'/f;d]t lnnfd a9fa9sf] ;"rgfdf pNn]v ug'{kg]{
Joj:yf 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f b]xfoadf]lhd 5g\ M
60.1 Ps af]OË ljdfg Go"gtd cd]l/sL 8n/ !=#( ldlnog b]lv !=& ldlnog d"Nofs+g u/L laqmLug{
cGt/fli6«o af]nkq cfXjfg ubf{ k|:tfj k|fKt ePsf] b]lvPg . jftf{af6 laqmL ug{ !% lbgsf] Dofb lbO{
;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg ubf{ k|fKt & dWo] ^ k|:tfjsn] d"No v'nfPsf]df pRrtd /sd saf]n ug]{
Ps k|:tfjssf] ?=!^ s/f]8 / bf];|f] a9L saf]n ug]{n] ?=!% s/f]8 k|:tfj u/]sf] b]lvG5 . tL k|:tfjs

;Dks{df gcfPsf]n] t];|f] a9L saf]n ug]{ ljdfg sDkgL;Fu @)&$.*.!@ df laqmL ;Demf}tf u/L cd]l/sL
8n/ !$ nfv ^) xhf/sf] x'g] ?=!$ s/f]8 (@ nfv lgudnfO{ k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
60.2 ljlgodfjnLsf] ljlgod #@ cg';f/ saf]n /sdsf] % k|ltzt w/f}6L lng'kg]{df lnnfd laqmLsf] ;"rgf
tyf laqmL ;Demf}tfdf w/f}6L ;DaGwdf pNn]v;d]t u/]sf]] b]lvFb}g . ljdfgsf] ?=!^ s/f]8 / ?=!%
s/f]8 saf]n ug]{ k|:tfjs ;Dks{df gcfPsf] sf/0f ljdfg laqmL k|lqmof nlDag uPsf] b]lvG5 . w/f}6L
/fVg' gkg]{ u/L k|:tfj cfXjfg ug'{ q'l6k"0f{ b]lvof] .
60.3 ljdfg laqmL ;Demf}tfdf ljdfg hxfF+ h'g cj:yfdf 5 ;f]xLcg';f/ :jLsf/ ug'{kg]{ / ;Demf}tf ldltn]
$% lbgleq ljdfgsf] :jfldTj laqm]tfn] lng'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . t/ ;f] cjlwdf ljdfg lhDdf glnPdf
x'g] sf/jfxL tyf hl/afgf ;DaGwdf ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v 5}g . lgudn] k6s k6s kqfrf/ u/] klg
ljdfg lhDdf glnPsf]n] :jfldTj x:tfGt/0f ePsf] 5}g . lgudn] :jfldTj x:tfGt/0f ug{ g;sL ;f]
sfo{ nlDag uPsf] / lgudnfO{ cgfjZos af]em k/]sf] l:ylt b]lvG5 .
61. jfO8 a8L ljdfg vl/b – dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] krkGgf}+F jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudn] b'O{
j6f P ##)–@)) jfO8a8L ljdfg vl/b ug{ ckgfPsf] k|lqmof sfg'g;Ddt gePsf] / vl/b d"No
ldtJooL ePsf] olsg ug{ g;lsPsf] Joxf]/f pNn]v ul/Psf]df To; ljifodf ;+3Lo ;+;bsf]
;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltdf 5nkmn eO{ ljdfg vl/b ;DaGwdf cWoog cg';Gwfg ug{ ul7t
pk;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg ;ldltsf] a}+7saf6 cg'df]bg u/L cfjZos cg';Gwfgsf] nflu clVtof/
b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]udf k7fPsf] 5 . o; jif{ ;f];DaGwL sf/f]af/sf] k/LIf0f ubf{ b]lvPsf d'Vo
Joxf]/f b]xfoadf]lhd 5g\M
61.1 jfO8a8L ljdfg vl/bsf] nflu :jLs[t k|:tfjdf klxnf] ljdfg ;]K6]Da/ @)!& / bf];|f] ljdfg dfr{
@)!* df cfk"lt{ ug]{ pNn]v ePsf]df ;Demf}tfdf klxnf] ljdfg clk|n @)!* / csf]{ ljdfg d] @)!*
df cfk"lt{ ug]{ pNn]v 5 . klxnf] ljdfg @% h"g @)!* tyf bf]>f] ljdfg @$ h'nfO{ @)!* df k|fKt
ePsfn]] :jLs[t k|:tfjeGbf klxnf] / bf];|f] ljdfg qmdzM sl/a ( dlxgf / $ dlxgf l9nf] k|fKt ePsf]
b]lvG5 .
61.2 lgud ;~rfns ;ldltn] b'O{ j6f jfO8 a8L ljdfg ;~rfngsf] Jofj;flos of]hgf @)&#.^.* df
:jLs[t u/]sf] 5 . pQm of]hgf cg';f/ tL ljdfg ;g\ @)!( af6 bdfd, l;pn, l;8\gL, 6f]lsof] /
xªsª p8fg x'g'kg]{df xfn;Dd uGtJosf] 6'Ëf] nfu]sf] 5}g . uGtJo 6'Ëf] nufO{ nIocg'?k p8fg
ug{ g;Sbf @)&% >fj0fb]lv kf}if;Dd ^ dlxgfdf ?=! ca{ ^^ s/f]8 #! nfv cg'dflgt gf]S;fgL x'g
uPsf] cj:yf 5 .
61.3 lgudn] ljdfg vl/bsf nflu sd{rf/L ;~ro sf]if / gful/s nufgL sf]ifaf6 ?=@# ca{ (( s/f]8 ^!
nfv C0f lnPsf] 5 . ;f] C0faf6 lgudn] hxfh vl/b sfo{df ?=@@ ca{ () s/f]8 !& nfv !^ xhf/
pkof]u u/]sf] b]lvG5 . Jofj;flos of]hgfcg';f/ ljdfg ;~rfng ug{ g;Sbf @)&%.(.#) leq
ltg'{kg]{ ;fFjf tyf Aofhsf] ls:tf ?=*) s/f]8 $@ nfv ltg{ g;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . nfdf] b"/Ldf ljdfg
;~rfng ug{ g;s]df gf]S;fgL cem} j[l4 x'g] l:ylt 5 .
61.4 ljdfg vl/bsf] nflu k|:tfj dfu ubf{ ljdfgdf clwstd ef/jxg Ifdtf -Pd6Lcf]8An"_, clwstd
cjt/0f Ifdtf -PdPn8An"_ / clwstd z"Go OGwg Ifdtf -Pdh]8Pkm8An"_ h:tf Ifdtfdf 36a9
x'Fbf ljdfgsf] d"Nodf kg]{ c;/;d]t v'nfpg ;a} k|:tfjbftfnfO{ cfXjfg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . k|fKt
k|:tfjdWo] :jLs[t ePsf]] k|:tfjdf clwstd ef/jxg Ifdtf j[l4 u/] afktsf] nfut;d]t ljdfgsf]
d"Nodf ;dfj]z ePsf] Joxf]/f pNn]v 5 . k|:tfj / ;Demf}tfdf oL Ifdtfx? lgDgfg';f/ b]lvPsf] 5M
ljj/0f k|:tfj cg';f/sf] Ifdtf ;Demf}tf cg';f/sf] Ifdtf
Pd6Lcf]8An" @$@ 6g @#) 6g
PdPn8An" !*@ 6g !*) 6g
Pdh]8Pkm8An" !^^ 6g !*^ 6g

af]nkqbftfn] k]z u/]sf] k|:tfjdf pNn]v u/]sf] :k]l;lkms];g / k|fKt ePsf ljdfgsf]
:k]l;lkms];gdf ePsf] km/sn] ljdfgsf] Ifdtf, bIftf / d"Nodf kg]{ c;/ / k|efj ljZn]if0f u/]sf]
b]lvPg .
61.5 :jLs[t k|:tfj, ;Demf}tf tyf g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0fn] hf/L u/]sf] btf{ k|df0f kq
nufotsf sfuhftdf ljdfgsf] df]8]n gDa/ tyf OlGhg / Pc/qmfkm\6 qmd gDa/ km/s km/s
lsl;dn] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . lgudaf6 k|fKt ljj/0f cg';f/ df]8]n tkm{ P ##)–@)) sf] ;§fdf P
##)–@$#, OlGhgtkm{ /f]N; /f]P; 6]«G6 &&aL sf] ;§fdf /f]N; /f]P; 6]«G6 &&aL–^), Po/qmfˆ6
gDa/tkm{ b'O{ ljdfgsf] PdP;Pg gDj/ !*$) tyf !*$@, !*$% tyf !*%$ / !*&@ tyf !*&*
pNn]v u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
61.6 lgudsf] cfly{s ljlgodfjnL, @)^% sf] ljlgod !!$ -@_ -`_ df lgudn] :jLs[t ug]{ af]nkq
sfuhftdf ;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{non] af]nkq;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v ug'{kg]{ ljifox?
;dfj]z ug]{ Joj:yfcg';f/ g} lgudn] af]nkq sfuhft :jLs[t u/]sf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg
sfof{non] dfn;fdfg vl/bsf nflu cGt/f{li6«o af]nkq cfXjfg ubf{ dfn;fdfgsf] d"Nodf !)
k|ltzt;Dd 36a9 x'+bf d"No ;dfof]hg gul/g] Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L af]nkq sfuhft tof/ u/]sf] 5 .
t/ lgudn] ;Demf}tfdf Dofg'ôfSrl/ª k|fO;\ l/lehg kmd'{nfcg';f/ @=$$ k|ltzt -k|lt ljdfg d"No
cd]l/sL 8n/ !) s/f]8 () nfvdf ga9\g] u/L_ d"No ;dfof]hg lbg] pNn]v u/L @ ljdfgsf] nflu
cd]l/sL 8n/ ^& nfv ** xhf/ !!) sf] ;6xL b/ ?=!)(.^^ n] x'g] ?=&$ s/f]8 $# nfv *$
xhf/ d"No ;dfof]hg e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 .
61.7 ;Demf}tfcg';f/ b'O{ j6f ljdfgsf] ?=@# ca{ @) s/f]8 *# nfv @ xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] b]lvG5 . lan
aLhssf] lglZrt 9fFrfa]u/ cfk"lt{stf{n] vfnL sfuhdf cGo Joxf]/f gv'nfO{ OGEjfO; egL /sd dfq
pNn]v u/]sf] sfuhnfO{ lan jLhs dfgL e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . ljdfg lgdf{tf Pc/a; sDkgLn]
lgudnfO{ n]v]sf] kqsf] cGtdf /sd k|fKt eof] eGg] jfSo+fz pNn]v u/] tfklg k|fKt u/]sf] /sd
v'nfPsf] 5}g .
62. e|d0f vr{ – jfO8a8L ljdfgx?sf] k|fljlws cg'udg / x:tfGt/0f sfo{ ug{ sd{rf/L ;~ro sf]ifsf
#, gful/s nufgL sf]ifsf %, ;+:s[lt ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfnosf !, lgud ;~rfns
;ldlt ;b:onufot pRr kbflwsf/L !%, sfg'gL ;Nnfxsf/ !, g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0fsf
kbflwsf/L $, lgudsf / g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf kbflwsf/L ! ;d]t #! hgfn] ljb]z e|d0f u/]sf 5g\ . oL
dWo] lgudsf dxfk|aGws # k6s, lgudsf $ clws[t % k6s / sfg'gL ;Nnfxsf/ @ k6s e|d0f
u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm e|d0fdf b}lgs eQf ?=&# nfv &$ xhf/ / xjfO{ l6s6 vr{ ?=#* nfv @)
xhf/;d]t ?=! s/f]8 !! nfv ($ xhf/ vr{ ePsf] 5 . e|d0fdf ;xefuL clwsf+z sd{rf/L
ck|fljlws JolQm /x]sf 5g\ . e|d0fsf] cfjZostf ;DaGwdf ljZn]if0f gu/L vr{ u/]sf]n] k|fljlws
sd{rf/Lsf nflu ePsf] cTofjZos vr{ olsg u/L cGo vr{ /sd c;'n ug'{ u/fpg'kb{5 .
tf/f ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt, @)&$.&%
ljsf; ;ldlt P]g, @)!# cGtu{t tf/f ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt -u7g_ cfb]z hf/L eO{ @)#$ ;fndf of]
;ldlt :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . ;ldlt g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ :jfldTjdf ;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\oog
dGqfno dftxt /x]sf] 5 .
63. ljQLo l:ylt tyf ;~rfng glthf – ;ldltsf] k'FhL tyf hu]8f sf]if ?= @( s/f]8 @! nfv #& xhf/
tyf rfn' bfloTj / Joj:yf ? % s/f]8 (@ nfv ^( xhf/ /x]sf] 5 . l:y/ ;DklQ ?= !^ s/f]8 !@
nfv *% xhf/, rfn' ;DklQ ?=! s/f]8 ** nfv #% xhf/ tyf cGo ;DklQ ?=!& s/f]8 !@ nfv
*^ xhf/ /x]sf] 5 . ;l~rt gf]S;fgL ut jif{;Dd ?=$ s/f]8 ^@ nfv !) xhf/ /x]sf]df of] jif{ ?=
$% nfv $# xhf/ 36L eO{ ?=$ s/f]8 !^ nfv ^& xhf/ k'u]sf] 5 .

64. aSof}tf – ljleGg % Jofkfl/s kmd{af6 gofF ;8sl:yt ejgsf] k;n ef8f ?=$$ nfv &# xhf/
c;'n ug{ af\FsL /x]sf] 5 . ;Demf}tf Pj+ k|rlnt sfg'gcg';f/ pQm aSof}tf /sd c;'n ug{'kb{5 .
65. ;]o/ nufgL – ;ldltn] cfˆgf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] #)$ /f]kgL hUufdWo] !%) /f]kgL hUufsf] d"No ?=!%
s/f]8 / cGo ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] ?=@ s/f]8;d]t ?=!& s/f]8 tf/fufpF l/h]G;L xf]6]n lnld6]8df ;]o/sf]
?kdf nufgL u/]sf] / !%$ /f]kgL hUuf ;f] xf]6]nnfO{ ef8fdf nufPsf] b]lvG5 . z'?jftL cj:yfdf
xf]6]nsf] #(=&& k|ltzt ;]o/ ;ldltn] k|fKt u/]sf]df xfn (=)! k|ltzt sfod ePsf] 5 . ;ldltsf]
;]o/sf] k|ltzt 36]sf] ljifodf ut jif{sf] k|ltj]bgdf ;d]t pNn]v ul/Psf] eP klg 7f]; lg0f{o
ePsf] kfOPg . o; ljifodf xfn ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw ;ldltn] lj:t[t 5fglag u/L
k|ltj]bg ;d]t k]; ul/;s]sf] ;Gbe{df ;f] ;ldltn] lbPsf ;'emfj tyf lgb]{zg ;d]tsf] cfwf/df
g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos lg0f{o ug'{kb{5 .
cg'udg tyf a]?h"
• cg'udg – u}/;}lgs xjfO{ p8fg -l;len PleP;g_ P]g, @)!% bkmf #-!_ df jfo'ofg / ljdfg:yn
;~rfng ug]{ Ohfht tyf cg'dlt lbg]nufot P]g sfo{fGjog ug{ lgod agfpg ;lsg] eP klg P]g
ag]sf] %( jif{;Dd lgod gagfPsf]n] ljdfg:yn k|of]u u/]afkt jfo';]jf sDkgLaf6 gful/s p8\8og
k|flws/0fn] z'Ns c;'n u/L /x] klg ljdfg:yn ;~rfng afkt ;/sf/nfO{ b:t'/ a'emfpg'kg]{ bfloTjaf6
k|flws/0fn] pGd'lQm kfpFb} cfPsf] Joxf]/f ut jif{ cfF}NofOPsf]df ;'wf/ ePsf] 5}g .
dGqfno dftxt sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf ;ft ;+u|xfnosf] v'Ng] / aGb x'g] ;dodf ljljwtf /x]sf],
xg'dfg9f]sf / kf6g b/af/ ;+u|xfnonfO{ dfq ljsf; ;ldltsf] ?kdf ;~rfng u/L cy{ dGqfnosf]
;xdlta]u/ sd{rf/LnfO{ cltl/Qm eQf lbPsf], /fli6«o ;+u|xfno / cGo ;+u|xfnon] lnPsf] cfwf/eGbf
km/s JofVof u/L kf6g ;+u|xfnon] Ps ldq/fi6«sf gful/snfO{ a9L k|j]z z'Ns lng] u/]sf] / ;+u|xfno
;~rfng ug{ cfjZos k"jf{wf/, ;~rfng x'g] ;do, z'Ns lgwf{/0f ug]{ cfwf/, k|bz{gLdf /xg] ;fdfgsf]
clen]v /fVg] 9fFrf tyf nut s§f ug]{ cfwf/nufotsf Joxf]/fdf cf}FNofOPsf]df of] jif{ ;'wf/ u/]sf]
kfOPg . ljutsf Joxf]/f k'g/fj[lQ gx'g] u/L sfo{;Dkfbg ug'{kb{5 .
• a]?h" l:ylt – of] jif{ dGqfno / dftxt;d]tsf lgsfosf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf a]?h"sf] l:ylt
b]xfocg';f/ 5M
➢ dGqfno / dftxt;d]t @@ lgsfodf of] jif{ ?=## s/f]8 @( nfv %$ xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df
k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fPkl5 ?=%^ nfv @% xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=#@ s/f]8 &# nfv @(
xhf/ afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=( s/f]8 (@ nfv @& xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f
cg';"rL !% df 5 .
➢ ;+ul7t ;+:yf Pj+ ;ldlt @@ tkm{ of] jif{ ?=*) s/f]8 ^* nfv @( xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes
k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fPkl5 ?=@^ nfv #) xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=*) s/f]8 $! nfv (( xhf/ afFsL
/x]sf] 5 . ;f] dWo] ?=@) s/f]8 ^* nfv %* xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL
!^ df 5 .

;+3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno
dGqfnosf] sfo{If]qdf ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txaLr ;Dks{ / ;dGjo ug]{, :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf;
;DaGwL gLlt, k~hLs/0f / ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf ljt/0f, kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkg, lghfdtL tyf cGo ;/sf/L
;]jfsf] Joj:yfkg, ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfx / lgodg ug]{ nufotsf sfo{ /x]sf 5g\ . dGqfno ;d]t !(#
dGqfno / dftxt;d]t of] jif{ ljlgof]hg ?=^) ca{ *) s/f]8 %* nfv &% xhf/, /fh:j ?=! ca{
!^ s/f]8 *% nfv @# xhf/, w/f}6L ?=! ca{ !^ s/f]8 $* nfv #) xhf/;d]t ?=^# ca{ !# s/f]8 (@ nfv
@* xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;ldlt tyf cGo ;+:yf;d]t ^* sf] ?=$ ca{ @# s/f]8 !! nfv
*) xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f b]xfocg';f/ 5g\ M
1. jflif{s gLlt tyf sfo{qmd – g]kfn ;/sf/sf] @)&$.&% sf] jflif{s gLlt tyf sfo{qmddWo]
dGqfno;Fu ;DalGwt gLlt tyf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf lgDgfg';f/ b]lvPsf] 5 M
1.1. ah]6 jQmJodfk{mt ;/sf/n] :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/ ;"rLleq kg]{ ljleGg dGqfnoaf6 sfof{Gjog
eO/x]sf cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmddWo] ufpFkflnsfleqsf] ?=%) nfv;Dd, gu/kflnsf, pk–
dxfgu/kflnsf tyf dxfgu/kflnsf leqsf] ?=@ s/f]8;Dd ah]6 ePsf cfof]hgf ;DalGwt ljifout
dGqfnon] >fj0f d;fGtleq :yfgLo txdf /sd ;lxt x:tfGt/0f ug'[{kg]{ / cfjZos k|fljlws
;xof]u pknAw u/fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf ePsf]df :yfgLo txdf x:tfGt/0f ePsf cfof]hgfsf] cBfjlws
clen]v g/fv]sfn] oyfy{tf olsg x'g ;s]g . ljutdf o; dGqfnocGtu{t /x]sf] af}4 bz{g tyf
u'Daf ljsf; ;ldlt ;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfnocGtu{t x:tfGt/0f ePsf] /
cflbaf;L hghflt pTyfg k|lti7fg, afbL ;d'bfo pTyfg ;ldlt, pk]lIft, pTkLl8t / blnt ju{
pTyfg ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ :yfgLo txdf x:tfGt/0f ug'{kg]{df u/]sf] 5}g .
1.2. g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] cg';"rL–^ adf]lhd k|b]z ;/sf/sf] clwsf/sf] ;"rLdf pNn]v ePsf k|b]z
;/sf/sf] ;+:yfut ;+/rgf lgdf{0fnufotsf sfo{sf nflu ;f]em} ;|f]t x:tfGt/0f x'g] Joj:yf ePsf] /
;fljsdf ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnoaf6 ;~rflnt :yfgLo :t/sf clwsf+z
cfof]hgf :yfgLo txdf g} x:tfGt/0f x'g] Joj:yf pNn]v ePsf]df :yfgLo tx / k|b]zdf x:tfGt/0f
ePsf cfof]hgfsf] cBfjlws clen]v dGqfnodf 5}g . ;fljssf :yfgLo txaf6 ;~rfng eO{ cw'/f
/x]sf of]hgfsf] cj:yf Pj+ ;f]sf] Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf ;d]t s'g} pNn]v u/]sf] 5}g .
1.3. ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf ljt/0f sfo{ a}lsË k|0ffnLdfkm{t ul/g], o; jif{ & nfv (% xhf/ nfeu|fxLsf]
clen]v cgnfOg k|0ffnLdf yk ug]{ elgP tfklg ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf kfpg]sf] gfd 5'6]sf] Pj+
bf]xf]/f] gfd ;dfj]z ePsf] cj:yf 5 . of] jif{ #%) :yfgLo lgsfoaf6 a}lsË k|0ffnL dfkm{t ;fdflhs
;'/Iff eQf ljt/0f ug]{ pNn]v ePsf]df b'u{d :yfgdf a}Ísf] kx'Fr gk'u]sf]] / a}lsË k|0ffnLdfk{mt
ljt/0f ug{ z'? ePsf :yfgLo txdf ;d]t k'gM gubdf ljt/0f u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
1.4. cfof]hgf / sfo{qmdsf] lj:t[t lqmofsnfk, ;DkGg ug'{kg]{ cjlw, nfut, pknlAw / lhDd]jf/ sd{rf/L
;lxt sfo{of]hgf ebf} !% leq tof/ u/L cfof]hgf :yndf / dGqfnosf] j]a;fO6dfkm{t ;fj{hlgs
ul/g] pNn]v eP tfklg tbg'?k u/]sf] b]lvPg . ;fy} cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZos sfo{ljlw
tyf lgb]{lzsf kl/dfh{g tyf tof/L ug]{ hgfPsf]df tT;DaGwL sfo{ ePsf] kfOPg .

1.5. rf}wf}+ of]hgfdf plNnlvt sfo{x?dWo] PsLs[t u|fdL0f
ljsf;, :yfgLo k|ljlwsf] klxrfg tyf k|j4{g, u/La 3/ of] jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 d'VotM :yfgLo
kl/jf/sf] klxrfg tyf kl/rokq ljt/0f, :jf:Yo aLdf, tx / k|b]z txdf hgzlQm Joj:yfkg
Ps ljkGg a]/f]huf/ 3/w'/L Ps /f]huf/L, Ho]i7 x'g g;s]sf], ;f]e}m e'QmfgL / k|fljlws
gful/s;DaGwL /fli6«o gLlt th'{df, ;do ;fk]If P]g ;xfotfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fPsf],
sfg'gsf] kl/dfh{g, lx+;f tyf b'Jo{jxf/df k/]sf] Ho]i7 k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ c;'n gu/]sf],
gful/s ;+/If0f, pkrf/ / sfg'gL ;xfotf, Ho]i7 lbg'kg]{eGbf a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf], lan
gful/s ;'ljwfsf] dfkb08, k|To]s k|b]zdf sDtLdf e/kfO{a]u/ k|f]lehgn ;daf6 vr{ u/]sf],
Pp6f ;'ljwf ;DkGg j[4f>d lgdf{0f, glthfdf cfwfl/t km/s d"No;"rL /fvL d"No ;dfof]hg
d"NofÍg k|0ffnL tof/ ug]{ nufotsf sfo{qmd e'QmfgL u/]sf], ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltsf]
lg0f{o ljk/Lt nfut cg'dfgdf
sfof{Gjog x'g g;s]sf] cj:yfdf sfo{qmd ;jf/L;fwg ;dfj]z u/]sf], t'Og
sfof{GjognfO{ k|efjsf/L, ;an / ck]Iffk"0f{ agfpg'kb{5 . k|lt:yfkg sfo{qmd ;DkGg x'g g;s]sf],
pko'{Qmfg';f/ nlIft gLlt / ;f];DaGwL ;fljs lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf /x]sf] sf]if
sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjo x'g g;s]af6 dGqfnon] ;Dkfbg lgliqmo /x]sf], cfo 7]Ssfdf d"No clej[l4
ug'{kGf]{ sfo{x? k|efjsf/L x'g ;Sg] b]lvPg . jflif{s s/ c;'n gu/]sf] / c;'nL u/]sf] d"No
gLlt tyf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogdf k|efjsfl/tf NofO{ ;]jf clej[l4 s/ ;+3Lo ;l~rtsf]if bflvnf
k|jfxnfO{ r':t b'?:t t'Nofpg'kb{5 . gu/]sf], kbflwsf/LnfO{ kfpg]eGbf a9L
;'ljwf pknAw u/fPsf] nufotsf Joxf]/f
2. jflif{s nIo k|ult — cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, b]lvPsf]n] ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
@)^$ sf] lgod @^ df ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog
/ k|ult ;dLIff u/L nIocg';f/ k|ult xfl;n gug]{ / ljj/0f gk7fpg] sfof{nonfO{ sf/afxL ug{
;lsg] Joj:yf 5 . dGqfnon] k]; u/]sf] jflif{s k|ult ljj/0fcg';f/ ef}lts k"jf{wf/tkm{ k|ult Go"g
/x]sf] l:ylt o;k|sf/ 5M
nIo k|ult
glthf ;"rs¿ PsfO{ k|ult
@)&$.&% k|ltzt
u|fdL0f ;8s :t/f]Gglt÷k'gM:yfkgf u|fe]n ls=ld= 681 437 64.17
u|fdL0f ;8s k'n÷shj] cfjlws dd{t ;Def/ ld 1311 982 74.90
u|fdL0f ;8s sfnf]kq] ls=ld= 34.7 28 80.69
Uf|fdL0f k'gMlgdf{0f tyf k'gM:yfkg ;8s u|fe]n ug]{ ls=ld= 82.37 63 76.48
emf]n'Ë]k'n lgdf{0f Uff]6f 500 442 88.40
Uf|fdL0f hn;|f]t n3' hnljB't of]hgfx? Uff]6f 3 0 0
;fd'bflos l;FrfO÷;fgf l;FrfO{ of]hgf lgdf{0f Af6f 865 450 52.02
dGqfno dftxt $! cfof]hgf / sfo{qmdx¿ ;+rfng /x]sf]df !! n] ljQLo k|ult dfq k];
u/]sf], @ n] %) k|ltzteGbf sd k|ult u/]sf], % n] %) b]lv &% k|ltzt;Dd k|ult u/]sf] tyf @# n]
*) k|ltzteGbf a9L k|ult u/]sf] pNn]v 5 . Go"g k|ult ;DaGwdf sf/afxL tyf d"NofÍg u/L k|fKt
k[i7kf]if0faf6 dGqfnon] cfufdL sfo{qmdnfO{ ;'wf/ ug{'kb{5 .
3. Joj:yfkg ;e]{If0f – g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx u/L # txdf ;+3Lo lghfdtL ;]jf
/ cGo ;]jfsf] u7g ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . To:t} lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf ^-s_ df gofF
;/sf/L sfof{no :yfkgf ug{ ;+u7g ;+/rgf tof/ ubf{ ;+u7g tyf Joj:yfkg ;e]{ u/L sd{rf/L
cfjZostf klxrfg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L o; dGqfnosf] /x]sf] 5 . cfjZos hgzlQm Joj:yfkg ug]{
;DaGwdf dGqfnoaf6 Joj:yfkg ;e]{ u/L ;+3tkm{ $* xhf/ $)(, k|b]ztkm{ @@ xhf/ @(&, :yfgLo
txdf ^^ xhf/ ()* b/aGbL :jLs[t ePsf] 5 . Joj:yfkg ;j]{If0faf6 sltko lgsfox?df
sfo{af]emsf] d"NofÍg gu/L b/aGbL sfod ugf{n] 36L a9L ePsf] cj:yf 5 . To:t} Ps} k|s[ltsf sfd
ug{ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txdf ;dfgfGt/ ;+/rgf :yfkgf ugf{n] sfdsf] bf]xf]/f]kgf (Duplication),
dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] 5kGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&%

377
sfd vK6g] l:ylt (Overlapping) / 6'lqmg] cj:yf (Fragmentation) b]lvPsf] 5 . hgzlQmsf] kof{Kt
sfo{af]emsf cfwf/df dfq b/aGbL l;h{gf ug'{kg]{tk{m Wofg hfg'kb{5 .
4. sd{rf/L ;dfof]hg – sd{rf/L ;dfof]hg P]g, @)&% sf] bkmf # cg';f/ ;/sf/L ;]jfsf sd{rf/L /
;fljs lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf :yfoL lgo'lQm eO{ sfo{/t sd{rf/L;d]tnfO{ ;+3, k|b]z, / :yfgLo
txdf ;dfof]hg ug]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . xfn tLg} txdf u/]/ ! nfv #! xhf/ sd{rf/L ;dfof]hg
ePsf] 5 . l/Qm #& xhf/ %*# kb k"lt{ ug]{ sfo{ afFsL g} /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg hf/L ePkl5
/fHosf] zf;sLo k|0ffnLsf] vfsf :ki6 eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf tTsfn sd{rf/L ;dfof]hgsf] sfo{ ;DkGg
ug'{kg]{df ;+ljwfg hf/L ePsf] # jif{ JotLt eO;Sbf;d]t :yfgLo tx tyf k|b]z sfof{nox?df
sd{rf/Lsf] cefj eO{ ;]jf k|jfx tyf ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{df afwf k/]sf] cj:yf 5 . o; kl/k|]Ifdf
k|b]z / :yfgLo txdf oyfzSo hgzlQm Joj:yfkg u/L k|efjsf/L ;]jf k|jfx / ljsf; lgdf{0fsf
sfd ;'rf? x'g] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
5. n]vfk/LIf0f – cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf !^-@_ df k|To]s sfof{non] ;a} k|sf/sf cfo–
Joosf] tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] n]vf / cfly{s ljj/0f k]; u/L n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ of] jif{ !^ lqmofsnfksf nflu cd]l/sL 8n/ % s/f]8 #@ nfv %*
xhf/sf] ljlgdob/ ?=!)(.#$ n] x'g] ?=% ca{ *@ s/f]8 #@ nfv k|fljlws ;xof]u pknAw x'g]
pNn]v ePsf]df k|fKt ;xfotfsf] ljQLo ljj/0f, ef}lts k|ult / vr{sf] ;|]:tf k]; u/L n]vfk/LIf0f
u/fPsf] 5}g .
:yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif ;8s ljefucGtu{t ^ sfo{qmddf ?=$( s/f]8 !$ nfv
^^ xhf/ / /fli6«o u|fdL0f oftfoft ;'b[9Ls/0f sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf ?=( s/f]8 !! nfv $^ xhf/
;d]t bft[ lgsfoaf6 ;f]e}m e'QmfgL ePsf] ?=%* s/f]8 @^ nfv !@ xhf/sf] / :yfgLo zf;g tyf
;fd'bflos ljsf; sfo{qmddf k|fljlws ;xfotf :j?k ePsf] vr{ ?=!$ s/f]8 %$ nfv !& xhf/sf]
n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf] 5}g . P]gadf]lhd n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg'kb{5 .
6. s]Gb|Lo n]vf – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod *& df dGqfnon] dftxtsf ;a}
lgsfosf] lgsf;f vr{ ;dfj]z u/L sflt{s d;fGtleq dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{nodf cfly{s ljj/0f
k]; ug'{kg{] Joj:yf 5 . dGqfnoaf6 @)&%.!!.@# df cw'/f] cfly{s ljj/0f k|fKt ePsf] 5 . of] Joxf]/f
ut jif{;d]t cf}FNofOPsf]df ;'wf/ ePsf] 5}g .
7. sfo{qmd cg'udg – dGqfno / dftxt ;~rflnt sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsf/L cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg
x'g'kb{5 . of] jif{ jftfj/0f d}qL :yfgLo zf;g sfo{qmdsf] nflu ?=*^ nfv ^) xhf/ ljlgof]hg
ePsf] dWo] ljljw vr{ ?=! nfv 5'6\ofPsf]df dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{nosf] ljljw -v–^_ vftfdf
hDdf u/L ?=&# nfv %@ xhf/ / e/tk'/ dxfgu/kflnsfnfO{ lgsf;f lbPsf] ?=!* nfv ()
xhf/;d]t ?=(@ nfv $@ xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] 5 . lgsfosf] vr{ Pj+ k|ultsf] cg'udg Pj+ d"NofÍg
u/]sf] b]lvPg .
8. cGo lgsfosf] vr{ – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #% df :jLs[t ah]6 / ;DalGwt
vr{ zLif{sdf kb{5 eg] dfq vr{ n]Vg ;lsg] Joj:yf 5 . dGqfnodf k/fdz{ ;]jf tyf tflnd
sfo{qmdsf] nflu ljlgof]lht ?=$^ nfvdWo] /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfnonfO{ ?=@@ nfv %)
xhf/ e'QmfgL lbO{ vr{ n]v]sf] 5 . ;lrjfnonfO{ e'QmfgL lbg'kgf{sf] sf/0f k]; ePsf] 5}g .
9. cg'bfg – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod $!-#_ df ;/sf/L jf u}/;/sf/L ;+3, ;+:yf
jf lgsfonfO{ cg'bfg lbPsf] /sdaf6 nIocg';f/ k|ult u/] gu/]sf], n]vfk/LIf0f eP gePsf]
cg'udg u/L dGqfnon] jflif{s ljj/0f tof/ ug{'kg{] Joj:yf 5 . sd{rf/L;Fu ;DalGwt % ;+:yfsf]
;~rfng / ;'b[9Ls/0f sfo{sf] nflu of] jif{ ?=! s/f]8 !* nfv cg'bfg pknAw u/fPsf]df cg'udg
u/]sf] b]lvPg . cg'udg u/L tf]lsPsf] sfo{df vr{ eO{ k|ult xfl;nsf] ;'lglZrt x'g'kb{5 .

378
:yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif ;8s ljefu
10. k|ult – ljefuaf6 /fli6«o u|fdL0f oftfoft ;'b[9Ls/0f sfo{qmd cGtu{t u|fdL0f ;8s cfjlws dd{t
;Def/, ;8s k'n÷shj] cfjlws dd{t, u|fdL0f ;8s :t/f]Gglt÷k'g:yf{kgf / gofF df]6/ k'n
lgdf{0f÷k'/fgf] k'g:yf{kgf ug]{ sfo{df @ xhf/ ^!) lsnf]ld6/ ;8s / # xhf/ #&) ld6/ shj]sf]
lgdf{0f sfo{;DkGg ug'{kg]{df qmdzM *%% lsnf]ld6/ / ! xhf/ (@ ld6/ shj] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
sfo{qmddf of] jif{;Dd ?=!! ca{ $# s/f]8 ^! nfv vr{ u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{
cfof]hgfsf] cjlw ;dfKt ePsf]df ef}lts k|ult ^( k|ltzt dfq u/]sf] 5 .
l9nfOsf sf/0fn] vl/b ;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf] sfd tf]lsPsf] ;dodf x'g g;s]df k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{
lng'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif ;8s ljefucGtu{t sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf
l:yt rf}/L vf]nf k'n lgdf{0f ug{ @)^* df ?=! s/f]8 &! nfv (( xhf/sf] vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf]df
k6s k6s Dofb yk ubf{ ;d]t sfo{ ;DkGg gePsf]n] k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ ?=!& nfv @) xhf/
c;'n ug'{kg]{ tyf emfkfsf] ls:g] vf]nf k'nsf] k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{afkt ?=( nfv @^ xhf/ s§f u/L
w/f}6Ldf /fv]sf] ;d]t ?=@^ nfv $^ xhf/ ;l~rtsf]if bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
To:t} uf]/vf / tgx'F lhNnfsf] b]p/fnL kfn'ª6f/ ;8s v08sf] d:of{ªbL gbL k'n lgdf{0f
;Demf}tfsf] zt{adf]lhd lgwf{l/t u/]sf] ;do cufj} lalnË ug'{kg]{df gu/]sf sf/0f ?=@) nfv #&
xhf/ / lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no @! n] lgdf{0f Joj;foLaf6 k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ c;'n ug]{ lg0f{o eP
tfklg c;'n gu/]sf], 36L c;'n u/]sf]] / Dofb ;dfKt ePkl5 lgdf{0f ;DkGg u/]sf]df Ifltk"lt{ s§L
gu/]sf]n] ?=@ s/f]8 && nfv %! xhf/ ;d]t hDdf ?=@ s/f]8 (& nfv ** xhf/ c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
12. d"No clej[l4 s/ – d"No clej[l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ tyf lgodfjnL, @)%# cg';f/ btf{ ePsf
s/bftfn] c;'n u/]sf] s/ tf]lsPsf] ;dodf a'emfpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . gg\kmfOn/ /x]sf lgdf{0f
Joj;foLnfO{ :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ tyf s[lif ;8s ljefun] ?=!) nfv &^ xhf/ / lhNnf k|fljlws
sfof{no kfNkf, ef]hk'/, bfr'{nf / dxf]Q/Ln] ?=^$ nfv (& xhf/ ;d]t d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=&% nfv
&# xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf]df s/ ;dfof]hg u/]sf] k|df0f k]; ug'{kb{5 .
13. w/f}6L hkmt – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@$ adf]lhd lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ q'l6
;Rofpg] cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 s§L u/]sf] w/f}6L /sd lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;Rofpg'kg]{ q'l6
g;RofPdf w/f}6L lkmtf{ ug{ ldNg] b]lvFb}g . lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no, :ofª\hfcGtu{t u|fdL0f ;8ssf
@ lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] q'l6 ;Rofpg] cjlwleq sfnf]kq], 8]«g, ;f]Nh/ tyf gfnLnufotdf b]lvPsf
sdhf]/LnfO{ ;'wf/ gu/]sf]n] afFsL /x]sf] w/f}6L ?=#) nfv *# xhf/ / lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no
s}nfnL, bf]nvf, sf:sL, hfh/sf]6, l;Gw'nLn] ;Demf}tf kfngf gu/]sfn] Joj;foLaf6 ?=(( nfv *#
xhf/;d]t ?=! s/f]8 #) nfv ^^ xhf/ w/f}6L hkmt u/L ;l~rtsf]if bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
14. a9L e'QmfgL – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #^-*_ adf]lhd s'g} /sd e'QmfgL lbFbf
/Lt k'u] jf gk'u]sf] hfFr ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no !* n] 9'jfgL, bz}+ vr{, n'uf
eQf, u|]8, Jofh, e]l/P;g, gD;{, lgdf{0f sfo{sf] lan nufotdf lbg'kg]{ eGbf ?=$% nfv *& xhf/
a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf]n] c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
To:t} lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no, ;Kt/Ln] s'zfxf ;8ssf] j[Iff/f]k0f sfo{df a9L b/n] e'QmfgL
lbPsf] ?=# nfv (% xhf/, ;f]xL ;8sdf k|f]lehgn ;dsf] k|df0f a]u/sf] vr{ ?=! nfv !# xhf/ /
rf}yf] /lgË landf e'QmfgL ePsf] /sd kfFrf} lanaf6 s§L gu/]sf] ?=^ nfv (( xhf/, ?kgu/ ky/L
;8sdf klxn] e'QmfgL u/]sf] /sd g36fO{ bf]xf]/f] e'QmfgL u/]sf] ?=@ nfv %$ xhf/, ef/bx–a/dlemof
;8sdf kl/df0f hf]8 hDdf km/s kf/L u|fe]n la5\ofpg] sfo{df a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf] ?=!^ nfv *)
xhf/ ;d]t s"n ?=#! nfv $! xhf/ c;'n x'g'kb{5 .

379
15. k]:sL hf]lvd – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf %@-s!_ df lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ k]:sL pknAw
u/fpFbf k]:sL /sdsf] hdfgt lng'kg]{ / k]:sL km5\of}{6 gx'Fbf;Dd hdfgtsf] Dofb yk x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf
5 . Ko"7fgsf] lemd?s gbLdf k'n lgdf{0f sfo{sf lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=%) nfv #@ xhf/ k]:sL afFsL
/x]sf]df a}Í hdfgtsf] Dofb ;dfKt ePsf]n] k]:sL /sd hf]lvddf k/]sf] 5 . pQm k]:sL Aofh;lxt
c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
16. k|f]lehgn vr{ tyf PhlaN6 8«OË – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@% df lgdf{0f
Joj;foLn] lgdf{0f ePadf]lhdsf] PhlaN6 -gS;f_ / cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #^
adf]lhd k|f]lehgn ;daf6 ePsf] vr{sf] lan e/kfO{ k]; ug'{kg]{] Joj:yf 5 . lhNnf k|fljlws
sfof{no !@ n] gS;f k]; gu/]sf] / k|f]lehgn vr{sf] lan e/kfO{ k]; gePsf] cj:yfdf ?=&! nfv
#! xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf]n] pQm /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
17. d"No ;dfof]hg – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf %%-!_ df !@ dlxgfeGbf a9L cjlwsf] vl/b
;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ubf{ d"No ;dfof]hg ug{ ;lsg], bkmf %%-@_ df vl/b ;Demf}tf ug]{sf] l9nfOsf]
sf/0f sfd ;DkGg gePdf d"No ;dfof]hg ug{ g;lsg] Joj:yf 5 . km/s d"No ;"rL k|of]u u/]sf],
Dofb yk ePsf]df d"No ;dfof]hg lbPsf], dfOn:6f]gadf]lhd sfd gePsf]df ;d]t d"No ;dfof]hg
e'QmfgL u/]sf], lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] sf/0f sfddf l9nfO ePsf] cj:yfdf :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ tyf s[lif
;8s ljefun] # k'n tyf ejg lgdf{0fsf] sfo{df ?=@# nfv %@ xhf/ / lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no
g'jfsf]6, u'NdL, bfË, ?kGb]xL / emfkfn] ?=#* nfv &@ xhf/;d]t ?=^@ nfv @$ xhf/n] d"No
;dfof]hg e'QmfgL lbPsf]n] pQm /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
18. Dofb yk – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@) df vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb yksf] nflu
sfa'aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt l;h{gf x'g'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif ;8s ljefu
cGtu{t ?=%* s/f]8 *^ nfv !* xhf/df ;Demf}tf ePsf ( k'ndWo] Ps k'n @)^* h]7, csf]{ k'n
@)&@ cfiff9, % k'n @)&# cfiff9 / @ k'n @)&% cfiff9df sfo{;DkGg ug'{kg]{df Dofb yk eO{
lgdf{0ffwLg cj:yfdf /x]sf 5g\ . ;fdfGo e]l/P;gnfO{ cfwf/ lnO{ Dofb yk ug]{, ;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf]
sfo{tflnsf cg';/0f gug]{ / sfa'leqsf kl/l:yltnfO{ sfa'aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt pNn]v u/L ljgf xhf{gf
Dofb yk ug]{ u/]sf] 5 .
8f]6Ll:yt vGs'06f emf]n'Ë] k'n lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu @)&# cfiff9df ?=(@
nfv &@ xhf/df ;Demf}tf ePsf]df @)&% cfiff9;Dd Dofb yk ePsf]df lgdf{0f sfo{ cw'/f] /x]sf] 5 .
lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ ?=%^ nfv @# xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf]df Dofb yk dfu gu/]sf]n] lgdf{0f sfo{
cGof}ndf /x]sf] 5 . To:t} 8f]6Ls} uf]b/] vf]nfdf kSsL k'n lgdf{0f ug{ ?=@ s/f]8 ^( nfv &^ xhf/df
Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu @)&$ kf}if;Dd ;DkGg ug]{ u/L @)&# cfiff9df ;Demf}tf ePsf]df @)&%
cfiff9;Dd ?=! s/f]8 ^) nfv $* xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ u8/, :Nofa, /]lnË / /a/
l;nsf] sfo{ afFsL 5 . lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] Dofb yk;d]t dfu gu/]sf]n] k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ c;'n u/L
lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg u/fpg'kb{5 .
19. 7]Ssf cGTo – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf %(-#_-v_ df lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] vl/b
;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf] sfd gu/]df afFsL sfd ug{ nfUg] yk vr{;d]t olsg u/L ;Demf}tf cGTo ug{ ;Sg]
Joj:yf 5 . o; ;DaGwdf lgDg Joxf]/f b]lvPsf] 5M
19.1. aemfªsf] ;]tL vf]nf kfgsf]6 k'n lgdf{0fsf] nflu @)&$.#.#) ;Dd lgdf{0f sfo{;DkGg x'g] u/L ?=^
s/f]8 &* nfv $& xhf/df Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu @)&@ j}zfvdf vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf]df k6s
k6s Dofb yk u/L @)&% cfiff9;Dd ?=@ s/f]8 & nfv %) xhf/ e'QmfgL ePkl5 lgdf{0f Joj;foLn]
kfO{n :6«Sr/sf] l8hfOgdf sfd ug{ g;Sg] pNn]v u/]sf]n] @)&%.@.!^ df 7]Ssf cGTo u/]sf] 5 .
;Demf}tfsf] zt{ kfngf gu/]sf] cj:yfdf ;'lj:tfsf] cfwf/df ;Demf}tf cGTo ug{ ldNb}g . ;Demf}tf
cg';f/ ?=% s/f]8 @^ nfv #) xhf/sf] sfd afFsL g} /x]sf]df P]gsf] Joj:yf tyf vl/b
;Demf}tfcg';f/ afFsL sfo{ ug{ nfUg] yk bfloTj lgdf{0f Joj;foLaf6 c;'nLnufotsf cGo sf/afxL
380
gu/L 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf cGTo ug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ afFsL sfo{ ug{ nufpg] / yk cfly{s
bfloTj olsg u/L lgdf{0f Joj;foLaf6 c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
19.2. kfNkfsf] xl/cfFk vf]nfdf ;8s k'n lgdf{0f ug{ @)^* r}qdf Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=! s/f]8 @(
nfv (^ xhf/df vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf]df k6s k6s Dofb yk x'Fbf ;d]t lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] ;dodf
sfo{ ;DkGg gu/]sf] sf/0f lhNnf ;dGjo k|d'vsf] @)&%.@.!! sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ 7]Ssf tf]8]sf] 5 .
;Demf}tfsf] cGTo ubf{ afFsL sfo{ ug{ jf u/fpgsf nflu nfUg] yk vr{ / hdfgt /sd hkmt gu/]sf]n]
nfUg] /sd c;'n u/L sfg'gadf]lhd lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ sfnf];"rLdf /fVg kqfrf/ ug'{kb{5 .
20. aLdfsf] nfut cg'dfg – u|fdL0f ;8s ;'wf/ cfof]hgfn] of] jif{ & lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=^! s/f]8
^( nfv ** xhf/df 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ubf{ aLdfsf] nfut cg'dfg ?=() nfv /x]sf]df ?=$ s/f]8 !)
nfv :jLs[t eO{ vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . aLdf /sdnfO{ k|f]lehg cfO6ddf g/fVbf nfut
cg'dfgeGbf ?=# s/f]8 @) nfv -#%% k|ltzt_ a9Ldf ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 .
21. c;DalGwt vr{ – lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ c;DalGwt sfd ;dfj]z ug{ gx'g]
;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltaf6 @)^(.(.@ df lg0f{o ePsf] 5 . u|fdL0f ;8s ;~hfn ;'wf/ cfof]hgfn]
of] jif{ & lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=^! s/f]8 ^( nfv ** xhf/df 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ubf{ ?=! s/f]8 @(
nfv ^) xhf/df ;jf/L;fwg ef8f e'QmfgL ug]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] / afUn'Ë, 8f]6L, s}nfnL, kj{t / t]x|y'd
lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{non] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] 7]Ssfdf ?=%! nfv && xhf/sf ;jf/L;fwg ;dfj]z u/L
e'QmfgL u/]sf]n] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nfut a9]sf] 5 . pQm lg0f{oljk/Lt c;DalGwt nfut ;dfj]z u/L
7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ o:tf] vr{ lgoGq0f ul/g'kb{5 .
22. clu|d s/ – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf ** / *( df e'QmfgLdf clu|d s/ s§f ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
of] jif{ !! lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{non] lgodfg';f/ e'QmfgLdf s§L ug'{kg]{ cfos/ / axfns/ ?=@$
nfv &* xhf/ s§L u/]sf] kfOPg . pQm /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
23. ;f]e}m vl/b – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf *-@_ df vl/b ubf{ k|lt:kwf{ ;Lldt x'g] u/L 6'qmf
kf/L vl/b sfo{ ug{ gx'g] Joj:yf 5 . P]gsf] Joj:yf ljk/Lt lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no t]x|y'd /
Ko"7fgn] ljleGg 6'qmfdf nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/L ?=&# nfv @! xhf/sf] sfo{ k|lt:kwf{a]u/ ;f]e}m
vl/b u/]sf] lgoldt b]lvPg . o:tf] sfo{df lgoGq0f x'g'kb{5 .
24. lhG;L Joj:yfkg – lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no, /f]Nkfsf] Ps lhk @)&! ;fndf b'3{6gfdf k/L
a'6jnl:yt Ps js{;kdf /x]sf] 5 . pQm lhk dd{tdf ?=@( nfv vr{ x'g] hgfO{ dd{t u/]sf] 5}g .
To; sfof{noaf6 slknj:t' ;?jf ePsf Ps OlGhlgo/n] Ps df]6/;fOsn sfof{nodf lkmtf{ u/]sf]
b]lvPg . ljefu -8f]nL8f/_ cGtu{t ! df]6/;fOsn x/fPsf]df sf/afxL u/]sf] 5}g . :yfgLo zf;g
tyf ;fd'bflos ljsf; sfo{qmd cGtu{t ^ sd{rf/Ln] ^ Nofk6k / Ps Sofd]/f a'e]msf]df ;?jf eO{
hfFbf klg lkmtf{ u/]sf 5}gg\ . tL ;DklQ lkmtf{ k|fKt ug'{kb{5 .
:yfgLo zf;g tyf ;fd'bflos ljsf; sfo{qmd
25. ah]6 sfof{Gjog – ;fj{hlgs j:t' tyf ;]jfdf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] kx'Fr clej[l4 ug]{, ;dfj]zL, hjfkmb]xL
tyf pQ/bfoL :yfgLo zf;g Pj+ ;d'bfosf] :yfkgf u/L ul/aL Go"gLs/0f ug]{ p2]Zosf nflu
cfof]hgf cjlwdf ?=@ ca{ #( s/f]8 @& nfv vr{ ug]{ nIo /fv]sf]df ?=! ca{ %^ s/f]8 ^! nfv vr{
ePsf] 5 . of] jif{ rfn' tyf k'FhLut u/L ?=&) s/f]8 (# nfv ^^ xhf/ ah]6 Joj:yf ePsf]df ?=!!
s/f]8 @* nfv @% xhf/ -!%=() k|ltzt_ vr{ ePsf] 5 . dGqfnon] PsLs[t sfo{qmd :jLs[t u/]
tfklg lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt tyf :yfgLo tx dfk{mt ;~rflnt sfo{qmdsf] ;du| k|ult ljj/0f tof/
u/]sf] 5}g . jflif{s ah]6 / sfo{qmdaLrsf] tfbfTDotf ldnfO{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{kb{5 .

381
;:k]G;g a[h l8lehg
26. t'O{g k|lt:yfkg – g]kfn ;/sf/sf] @)&@.^.@% sf] lg0f{oaf6 t'O{g ePsf] :yfgdf emf]n'Ë]k'n lgdf{0f
u/L hgtfnfO{ ;'/lIft, e/kbf]{ / :t/Lo tl/t/fpsf] ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] clek|fon] t'O{g k|lt:yfkg
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ePsf] 5 . g]kfne/ !*& t'Og k|lt:yfkg ug{ :yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif
;8s ljefun] ;DefJotf cWoog u/]sf]df t'Og ePsf !#% :yfgdf emf]n'Ë]k'n lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{df
xfn;Dd !)^ emf]n'Ë]k'nsf] lgdf{0f ;DkGg eO{ @$ lgdf{0ffwLg /x]sf 5g\ . lgdf{0ffwLg / z'? g}
gePsf emf]n'Ë]k'nsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ yk k|of; x'g'kb{5 .
27. d"No clej[l4 s/ – d"Noclej[l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ cg';f/ s/bftfn] tf]lsPsf] ;dod} cfGtl/s /fh:j
sfof{nodf d"Noclej[l4 s/ a'emfpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;+o'Qm pkqmdsf Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLn]] ^
emf]n'Ë]k'n lgdf{0f sfo{ u/L d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=#! nfv @# xhf/ e'QmfgL lnPsf]df tf]s]sf] ;dodf
d"Noclej[l4 s/ a'emfPsf] b]lvPg . ctM d"Noclej[l4 s/ ;dfof]hg u/]sf] k|df0f k]; ug'{kb{5 .
kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkg tyf k|fljlws ;xof]u s]Gb|
28. cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @@ df :jLs[t cfof]hgf
sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu lj:t[t ;e]{If0f, 8«OË, l8hfOg, nfut cg'dfg / ;f] cg';f/ jflif{s sfo{qmd
lglZrt u/L ;f]xL cfwf/df jflif{s ah]6 th'{df ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . s]Gb|n] !!* cfof]hgfsf] lj:t[t
;j]{If0f u/L ?=# s/f]8 @( nfv &@ xhf/ vr{ u/]sf]df % cfof]hgf dfq sfof{Gjogdf cfO{ !!#
sfof{Gjogdf gcfPsf] cj:yf 5 . kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf] lhDd]jf/L :yfgLo txdf x:tfGt/0f eO{
pQm s]Gb| vf/]h ePsf]n] plNnlvt /sd vr{ u/L tof/ ePsf lj:t[t ;j]{If0f k|ltj]bgsf] sfof{Gjog
clglZrt b]lvPsf] 5 . pQm k|ltj]bg pkof]udf Nofpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
29. kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg – kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkg lgodfjnL, @)&) sf] lgod # adf]lhd kmf]xf]/d}nfnfO{
;|f]td} 5'6\ofpg] / ;f]xLadf]lhd k[ysLs/0f ug'{kg]{df l;;8f]n Nof08lkmN8df k'Ubf;d]t juL{s/0f /
k[ysLs/0f u/]sf] b]lvPg . xfnsf] Nof08lkmN8 ;fO6df @)&@.&# b]lv @ jif{sf nflu ^ nfv %)
xhf/ d]l6«s6g kmf]xf]/ ;Íng tyf Joj:yfkgsf] nflu Ifdtf lj:tf/ u/]sf]df ;fO6sf] IfdtfeGbf
a9L kmf]xf]/ y'kf/]sf sf/0f kmf]xf]/af6 k|b"lift kfgL v'nf ?kdf au]sf] tyf kmf]xf]/sf] y'k|f] $) ld6/
cUnf] ag]sf]n] b'3{6gf lgDtg] ;Defjgf 5 . lg/fs/0fsf pkfox? cjnDag ug]{tk{m Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
o;}u/L pkTosfaf6 ;/b/ b}lgs ! xhf/ d]l6«s6g pTkfbg x'g] kmf]xf]/d}nfnfO{ lbuf]
Joj:yfkg ug{ l;;8f]n ;fO6sf] ljsNkdf a~r/] 8fF8fdf ! xhf/ &() /f]kgL hUuf clwu|x0f u/]sf]
5 . a~r/] 8fF8fdf k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] nflu tof/ ePsf] lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bgcg';f/ ?=@ cj{ $!
s/f]8sf] nfut cg'dfgdf ;dfj]z sfo{dWo] k|j]zdfu{ lgdf{0f, sf]Nk'vf]nf 8fOe;{g / gbL lgoGq0f
sfo{ ;~rfng eP tfklg ef}lts k|ult @ k|ltzt dfq /x]sf] 5 . l56f] 5l/tf] ?kdf ef}lts lgdf{0f
u/L kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkgdf ;DalGwt lgsfon] Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
dlxnf ljsf; k|lzIf0f s]Gb|
30. ;DklQ Joj:yfkg – s]Gb|n] cfˆgf] gfddf /x]sf] rn crn ;DklQsf] ;+/If0f Pj+ ;f]sf] plrt
;b'kof]u ug'{kb{5 . nlntk'/ dxfgu/kflnsfsf] j8f @% df /x]sf] @ /f]kgL & cfgf hUufdf
dxfgu/kflnsfn] j8f sfof{no ejg lgdf{0f ul//x]sf] 5 . s]Gb|n] ;f]xL j8fdf /x]sf] lsQf gDa/ %*^
sf] ! /f]kgL @ cfgf hUuf @)%*.!!.@ df dfnkf]t sfof{no, nlntk'/df /f]Ssf /fv]sf] b]lvof] . pQm
hUufsf] :jfldTj ;DaGwdf ljjfb pTkGg eO{ d'2f k/]sf]df ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 ;fj{hlgs xf] xf]Og
eGg] ;DaGwdf dfnkf]t sfof{non] lg0f{o ug]{ km};nf u/]sf]df xfn;Dd lg0f{o ePsf] 5}g . pQm
hUufdf :jf:Yo rf}sL ejg /xg'sf ;fy} :yfgLon] Jofj;flos sfo{df ;d]t k|of]u u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
s]Gb|n] cfˆgf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] hUuf ;+/If0f ug'{kb{5 .

382
lghfdtL c:ktfn
31. ;]jf k|jfx – c:ktfnn] of] jif{ lghfdtL sd{rf/L tyf ltgsf kl/jf/ $^ xhf/ / ;j{;fwf/0f ! nfv
$( xhf/;d]t ! nfv (% xhf/ JolQmnfO{ pkrf/ ;]jf pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{
nlIft u/L :yflkt c:ktfnn] sd{rf/Lsf] ;fy} ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{;d]t pkrf/ k'¥ofPsf] 5 . of] jif{
c:ktfnsf] l;6L :Sofg d]l;g $( lbg dd{t x'g g;Sbf b}lgs cf};t ?=%) xhf/n] x'g] ?=@$ nfv
%) xhf/ d]l;gsf] ck]lIft cfDbfgL u'd]sf] 5 . ljz]if1sf] cefjdf o'/f]nf]hL ;]jf ;~rfng ePsf]
5}g . lghfdtL ;]jfsf sd{rf/LnfO{ pkrf/sf] rfk;d]tdf Wofg lbO{ ;j{;fwf/0fsf] pkrf/ ug]{ k|aGw
ldnfpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
32. k|f]T;fxg eQf – c:ktfn ljsf; ;ldltsf] af]8{ a}7ssf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ljz]if1 lrlsT;snufot
c:ktfnsf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jfsf] cfwf/df k|f]T;fxg eQf ?=^! nfv &! xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . pQm
/sd e'QmfgL ubf{ cf}iflw vl/b tyf Joj:yfkgtk{msf sd{rf/LnfO{ cf}iflw laqmLaf6 k|fKt cfo ?=*%
nfv !% xhf/nfO{ bf]xf]/f] n]vfÍg u/L eQf u0fgf u/]sf] sf/0f ?=! s/f]8 $^ nfv *^ xhf/
k|f]T;fxg eQf a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . bf]xf]/f] e'QmfgL ePsf] /sd c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltx?
33. ;'emfj / dfu{ lgb]{zg ;fj{hlgsLs/0f – :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf (@ adf]lhd
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltn] lhNnfleq ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L If]qaf6 ;~rflnt ljsf; sfo{qmdsf
;DaGwdf cfjZos ;'emfj jf dfu{bz{g lbO{ ;fj{hlgs ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . clwsf+z lhNnf ;dGjo
;ldltn] sfo{qmdsf] nflu ;'emfj glbPsf], dfu{bz{g gu/]sf] tyf ;'emfj / dfu{bz{g lbPsf]df
;fj{hlgs gu/]sf] / ;'emfjsf] sfof{Gjog tyf d"NofÍgsf] cg'udg u/L sfof{Gjogdf ;d]t NofPsf
5}gg\ . P]gdf ePsf] Joj:yfsf] kfngf u/L ;'emfj, dfu{bz{g, sfof{Gjog / d"NofÍg k|0ffnLnfO{
k|efjsf/L agfOg' kb{5 .
34. jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f tyf kl/df0f lgoGq0f – jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf # df tf]lsPsf
ljifo;DaGwL k|:tfjsf] sfof{Gjog k"j{ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . Joj:yflksf
;+;bsf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t / ;fwg ;ldltsf] cWoog k|ltj]bg, @)^^ tyf ;jf]{Rr cbftnaf6
@)^&.$.@! df 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf lemSg lbFbf jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ng glau|g] u/L lglZrt kl/df0f / If]q
tf]sL 7]Ssf Joj:yfkg ug]{ cfb]z ePsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf lgDg Joxf]/f b]lvPsf 5g\M
34.1. lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sfof{no, sf7df8f}+n] of] jif{ 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf, u|fa]n lgsf;Lsf] nflu #
If]qsf] 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg g} gu/L Go"gtd ?=@ s/f]8b]lv clwstd
?=& s/f]8 && nfv;Ddsf] lgsf;L z'Nssf] 7]Ssf ;sf/ u/]sf] 5 . ;sf/ ePsf & gbLaf6 lgsf;L
ePsf] gbLhGo kbfy{sf] kl/df0f v'nfO{ clen]v /fv]sf] 5}g .
34.2. lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, dsjfgk'/n] lhNnfel/af6 lgl:sPsf] gbLhGo kbfy{sf] /fh:j ;Íng ug{ ?=&
s/f]8 %) nfv Go"gtd cÍ ePsf] 7]Ssf ?=!& s/f]8 (! nfv &* xhf/df Ps Joj;foL;+u ;Demf}tf
u/]sf] 5 . ahf/ d"No / ut jif{sf] lhNnfleqsf] vkt kl/df0f Pj+ lgsf;L kl/df0f gv'nfO{ Go"gtd
7]s cÍ lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 . ;Demf}tf ePsf gbLx?sf] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg cg';f/
!@ nfv #$ xhf/ $)( 3gld6/ ;fdu|L ;Íng ug{ ;lsg] cfwf/df ljleGg s/ ;d]t ?=@$ s/f]8
^@ nfv ^^ xhf/ cfo x'g] b]lvPsf]df s/ ;d]t ?=* s/f]8 $& nfv %) xhf/ dfq sfod u/]af6
Go"gtd cÍ oyfy{ ?kdf sfod u/]sf] b]lvPg . k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fadf]lhd k|To]s jif{
jiff{ofd ;lsPkl5 gbL gfnfdf y'lk|Psf 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jfsf] kl/df0f gfkhfFr u/L clen]v /fVg'kg]{,
tf]lsPsf] kl/df0feGbf a9L ;Íng Pj+ pTkfbg gx'g] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{df tbg'?k Joj:yfkg
gu/]af6 tf]lsPeGbf a9L ;Íng / lgsf;L x'g ;Sg] l:ylt /x]sf] 5 .

383
34.3. lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt sf:sLn] @ nfv %( xhf/ &$% 3gld6/ lu§L, afn'jf pTvgg\sf] nflu %
7]Ssfaf6 of] jif{ ?=!& s/f]8 %$ nfv !@ xhf/ k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fadf]lhdsf]
lgsf;L kl/df0fsf] clen]v /fv]sf] 5}g .
34.4. lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, s}nfnLn] Ps Joj;foL;Fu ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df :yfgLon] cj/f]w u/]sf] sf/0f
b]vfO{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ /sd a'emfpg tfs]tf gu/]sf] / a}Í hdfgtaf6 ?=@ s/f]8 &) nfv ^^
xhf/;d]t c;'n u/]sf] 5}g . sfg'gL sf/afxL u/L pQm /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
34.5. lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, ;Kt/Ln] lhNnfsf ljleGg & gbLx?af6 lu§L, afn'jf pTvgg\ tyf ;Íng ug{
Go"gtd d"NofÍg ?=! s/f]8 !( nfv !# xhf/ sfod u/L Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;+u ( dlxgf ;Íng
cjlw lbO{ ?=(( nfv @* xhf/df ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . 7]Ssfsf] nflu lgsflnPsf] Go"gtd d"NofÍgdf
;dfj]z ePsf] kl/df0f / b/ k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf l;kmfl/; ul/Psf]eGbf sd x'g]
u/L Go"gtd d"NofÍg u/]af6 d"No clej[l4 s/;d]t ?=! s/f]8 #$ nfv ^! xhf/ /fh:j sd x'g
uPsf] 5 .
34.6. lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, kfNkfn] ljleGg & sDkgL;+u r"g, 9'Ëf /f]oN6L afkt ?=%% nfv &( xhf/
cfDbfgL u/]sf] 5 . r"g, 9'Ëf /f]oN6L k|fKt ug]{ sfg'gL cfwf/ gb]lvPsf] / r"g, 9'Ëf vfgL;DaGwL
clen]v;d]t /fv]sf] 5}g .
jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f gu/L tyf kl/df0f lgoGq0f a]u/ pTvgg\ ug{ cg'dlt lb+bf
k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] cTolws dfqfdf pTvgg\ eO{ e"–;+/If0f, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f / h}ljs ljljwtfdf
gsf/fTds c;/ kg'{sf] ;fy} sfof{nosf] cfodf ;d]t sdL x'g hfg] b]lvFbf jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f
kZrft kl/df0f olsg ug]{ Joj:yf ckgfpg'kb{5 .
35. sf]ifdf df}Hbft – ;fljs lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf sf]ifx?df s'n ?=!) cj{ (& s/f]8 !@ nfv $$
xhf/ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm /sd kl/rfng tyf ljt/0f ;DaGwdf sfo{ljlw tyf pkof]usf] dfkb08
agfPsf] 5}g . sfo{ljlw tyf dfkb08 agfO{ sf]if df}Hbft kl/rfng ug'{kb{5 .
36. d"No clej[l4 s/ – d"No clej[l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ adf]lhd vl/b jf laqmLsf] jflif{s sf/f]af/ ?=%)
nfveGbf a9L ePdf vl/bstf{ jf laq]mtf d"No clej[l4 s/df btf{ x'g'kg]{ / ;f]cg';f/ nfUg] s/
bflvnf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 eg] bkmf !%-#_ df :yfgLo txn] s/ nfUg] j:t' tyf ;]jf laqmL ubf{ d"No
clej[l4 s/ c;'n ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f b]xfoadf]lhd 5g\ M
36.1. ;/sf/L cfo 7]Ssf aGbf]a:t ubf{ d"No clej[l4 s/df btf{ ePsf] kmd{ 5gf}6 ug'{kg]{df lhNnf ;dGjo
;ldlt, sf7df8f}+n] d"No clej[l4 s/df btf{ gePsf] kmd{;Fu ;Demf}tf ug{ gldNg]df cfos/df dfq
btf{ ePsf] kmd{ 5gf}6 u/L ?=$ s/f]8 @) nfvdf ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . cfo 7]Ssfsf] Go"gtd z'Ns
d"No clej[l4 s/afx]s pNn]v u/]sf]df kmd{sf] sf/f]af/sf] cfwf/df d"No clej[l4 s/;d]t c;'n
ug'{kg]{df d"No clej[l4 s/ cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{nodf bflvnf ug{ kqfrf/ u/] tfklg bflvnf
gePsf] x'Fbf ?=$* nfv #@ xhf/ c;'n u/L bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
36.2. lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt emfkf, df]/Ë, dsjfgk'/, ;nf{xL, /f}tx6, ?kGb]xL, s}nfnLnufot @! sfof{non]
;Demf}tf ePsf ljleGg cfo 7]Ssfdf ?=!) s/f]8 &) nfv #@ xhf/ d"No clej[l4 s/ ;+3Lo ;l~rt
sf]if bflvnf u/]sf 5}gg\ . bflvnf ug'{kg]{ /sd ;dod} /fh:j vftfdf bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
36.3. lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt dxf]Q/L, l;Gw'nL, bfr'{nf, afFs] / nlntk'/n] ljleGg 7]Ssf k§fsf] e'QmfgL ubf{
d"No clej[l4 s/df gg\kmfOn/ ePsf sDkgLnfO{ ?=## nfv &! xhf/ d"No clej[l4 s/ e'QmfgL
u/]sf]n] ;dfof]hg u/]sf] k|df0f k]; ug'{kb{5 .
36.4. d"No clej[l4 s/ lgb]{lzsf, @)^( adf]lhd vl/bdf lt/]sf] d"No clej[l4 s/ g} laqmLdf ;Íng
u/]sf] s/ u0fgf dfgL vl/b tyf laqmLsf] sf/f]af/df d"No clej[l4 s/ ;dfof]hg tyf lgwf{/0f ug]{
Joj:yf 5 . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, sf7df8f}+n] Ps k|f=ln=af6 9'Ëf, afn'jf nufotsf] cfo
384
7]Ssfadf]lhd ?=! s/f]8 *( nfv @) xhf/ cfo k|fKt u/]sf]df pQm k|f=ln=n] ;f] vl/baf6 ?=!^ nfv
*% xhf/ laqmL u/]sf] cfo jif{ @)&$.&% sf] s/ r'Qmf k|df0fsf] cfwf/df Joj;foLnfO{ w/f}6L lkmtf{
lbPsf] 5 . lghsf] vl/b sf/f]af/df pTkGg x'g] d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=@! nfv && xhf/df laqmLdf
lt/]sf] s/ ?=@ nfv !( xhf/ ;dfof]hg ubf{ lgb]{lzsfsf] Joj:yfadf]lhd d"No clej[l4 s/ afkt
5'6 ePsf] ?=!( nfv %* xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
37. cltl/Qm ;'ljwf – ;a} k|b]z ;efaf6 :yfgLo txsf kbflwsf/L tyf ;b:on] kfpg] ;'ljwf ;DaGwdf
ag]sf P]gdf kfl/>lds, bz}+ vr{, oftfoft, ;~rf/ / a}7s eQfnufotsf ;'ljwf ;DaGwdf k|b]z
cg'?k ljleGg Joj:yf ePsf] 5 . tL P]gn] Joj:yf u/]eGbf !$ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltn] kbflwsf/L
tyf ;b:onfO{ tnadf ?=$ nfv &* xhf/, ef8fdf ?=! nfv !% xhf/, a}7s eQfdf @@ nfv $!
xhf/, rf8kj{ vr{df ?=$ nfv ^) xhf/, ;~rf/ ;'ljwfdf ?=# nfv !! xhf/ / cg'udg eQfdf ?=#
nfv &$ xhf/;d]t ?=#( nfv &( xhf/ a9L ;'ljwf pknAw u/fPsf]n] pQm /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
38. ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf %(-&_ df ;fj{hlgs lgsfo;Fu vl/b
;Demf}tf ug]{n] aLr}df sfd 5f]8]df jf ;Demf}tfadf]lhd sfdsf] k|ult gePdf ;fj{hlgs lgsfon]
To:tf] ;Demf}tf h'g;'s} avt cGTo ug{ ;Sg], hdfgt hkmt ug{ ;Sg] / afFsL sfo{ k"/f ug{ nfUg]
/sd af]nkqbftfaf6 ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'n pk/ ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt,
x'Dnfn] emf]n'Ë]k'nsf] l:6n kf6{\; 9'jfgL sfo{ ug{ @)&# cfiff9df Ps sfuf]{ ;]jf;Fu ?=$# nfv &)
xhf/df @)&# cflZjgleq sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ u/L ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df ?=@^ nfv &) xhf/ e'QmfgL eO{
sl/a $) k|ltztdfq k|ult ePsf] 5 . sfuf]{ ;]jfn] 9'jfgL gu/]sf] sf/0fn] $ cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{
cw'/f] /x]sf] 5 . tfs]tf ubf{ ;d]t sfo{ gug]{ sfuf]{ ;]jfnfO{ sf/afxL u/L ;Demf}tfadf]lhd sfd
u/fpg' kb{5 .
39. sfo{;DkGg k|ltj]bg – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod (&-!!_ df pkef]Qmf ;ldltn]
u/]sf] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] k|fljlwsaf6 hfFrkf; u/fO{ ;fj{hlgs lgsfodf k]; ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . lhNnf
;dGjo ;ldlt, x'Dnfsf] ;sL{b]p ;8s lgdf{0f ug{ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt;Fu ?=%^ nfv !# xhf/df @)&%
cfiff9df ;DkGg ug]{ u/L @)&% h]7df ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ # xhf/ %)$ ld6/ ;8s
lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{df *#( ld6/ dfq lgdf{0f u/L ?=#& nfv %$ xhf/sf] sfo{;DkGg k|ltj]bg k]; u/]sf]
5 . ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ @$ k|ltzt ;DkGg u/]sf]df ^& k|ltzt e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . sfdsf] cg'kftdf
a9L e'QmfgL ePsf] / @$ k|ltzt dfq sfd ePsf]df sfo{;DkGg k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{ k|fljlwsnfO{
40. cfo bflvnf – ;fljs :yfgLo ljsf; cfly{s k|zf;g lgodfjnL, @)^$ adf]lhd cfo 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf
u/]sf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, wflbª, ;'g;/L, dxf]Q/L, s}nfnL, uf]/vf, slknj:t', ;nf{xLnufotsf !$
sfof{non] ?=@) s/f]8 #% nfv &) xhf/ c;'n u/]sf 5}gg\ . ;Demf}tfcg';f/sf] /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
41. 7]Ssf aGbf]j:tsf] cfwf/ – lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, nlntk'/n] lgsf;L x'g] 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf, /f]8f /
df6f]sf] lgsf;L s/ ut jif{ ?=^ s/f]8 @% nfvdf 7]Ssf aGbf]j:t ePsf]df of] jif{ ?=$ s/f]8 ^%
nfvdfq lng] u/L /fh:j k/fdz{ ;ldltn] lg0f{o u/L 7]Ssf Joj:yfkg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ut jif{eGbf
?=! s/f]8 ^) nfv 36L lng] u/L lg0f{o ug]{ cfwf/ v'nfPsf] 5}g .
42. kl/kq ljk/Lt vr{ – dlGqkl/ifb\sf] @)&$.@.!& sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ :yfgLo txsf] ;]jf ;~rfng tyf
Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL cfb]zdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltdf df}Hbft /x]sf] /sd oyfjt\ /fVg] pNn]v u/]sf]
5 . ;f] cfb]z ljk/Lt lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, df]/ªn] ?=@ s/f]8 @ nfv ! xhf/, uf]/vfn] ?=@ s/f]8
%( nfv % xhf/, emfkfn] ?=# s/f]8 &! nfv %) xhf/ / dxf]Q/Ln] ?=! s/f]8 $ nfv !( xhf/
;d]t ?=( s/f]8 #^ nfv &% xhf/ vr{ u/]sf 5g\ . kl/kqsf] kfngf gu/L vr{ ug]{nfO{ lhDd]jf/
agfpg'kb{5 .
43. jftfj/0fLo z'Ns – jftfj/0f ;+/If0f dfkb08adf]hd pBf]ux?n] jftfj/0fdf kg{ hfg] c;/ :j?k
jftfj/0fLo z'Ns a'emfpg' kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, ?kGb]xLn] l;d]G6, qm;/, dlb/f,
385
58 pTkfbg ug]{ !)$ pBf]uaf6 ?=^^ nfv @ xhf/ jftfj/0fLo z'Ns c;'n u/]sf] 5}g . pQm /sd
c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
44. ko{6g z'Ns – lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, ;f]n'v'Da'n] ko{6g z'Ns afktsf] ?=@@ s/f]8 ## xhf/ lhNnfsf]
k"jf{wf/sf] nflu k|of]u ug'{kg]{df ljut jif{b]lv vr{ gu/L df}Hbft /fv]sf] 5 . k"jf{wf/sf] sfo{ gu/L
lgis[o /x]sf] /sd ;l~rt sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
45. lan e/kfO{ – 7]Ssfsf] k|f]lehgn ;ddf /fv]sf] /sd e'QmfgL ubf{ vr{sf lan e/kfO{adf]lhd
zf]wegf{ lbg'kb{5 . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt ;'g;/L, dsjfgk'/ / s~rgk'/n] ?=!% nfv !! xhf/ lan
e/kfO{ a]u/ lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ /sd e'QmfgL u/]sf 5g\ . ;Demf}tfsf] zt{ ljk/Lt e'QmfgL u/]sf]
/sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
46. art cg'bfg – ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf] @)&%.#.! sf] kqfg';f/ z;t{ cg'bfg
tyf sfo{qmddf art /x]sf] /sd ;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]ifdf lkmtf{ bflvnf ug'{kb{5 . of] jif{ lhNnf
;dGjo ;ldltsf] sfof{no cf]vn9'Ëf, :ofª\hf / /f}tx6n] vr{ geO{ afFsL /x]sf] ?=&( nfv !^ xhf/
jiff{Gtdf df}Hbft /fv]sf 5g\ . art df}Hbft ;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
47. hf]lvddf /x]sf] sf]if – lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sfof{no, cf]vn9'Ëfn] sd{rf/L cIfo sf]ifsf] ?=!(
nfv ^@ xhf/ a9L Aofh k|fKt x'g] pNn]v u/L Ps kmfOgfG; sDkgLdf d'2tL vftfdf nufgL u/]sf]df
pQm ;+:yf aGb ePsf sf/0f lkmtf{ ePsf] 5}g . pQm /sd lkmtf{ ug]{tk{m sfg'gL sf/afxL ;d]t
cufl8 a9fPsf] 5}g .
48. sf]if /sd 6«fG;km/ – :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf (! df :yfgLo txn] :yfgLo
;]jfsf sd{rf/L cjsfz x'Fbf k|fKt ug]{ pkbfg, cf}iflw pkrf/ nufotsf ;'ljwf lbg of]ubfgdf
cfwfl/t Ps sf]if /xg] pNn]v 5 . of]ubfgdf cfwfl/t sf]ifsf] cjwf/0ff ljk/Lt lhNnf ;dGjo
;ldlt b}n]v, dgfª, cf]vn9'Ëf, l;Gw'nL, lrtjg, :ofª\hfn] ljutb]lv /x]sf ljleGg sf]if tyf
cg'bfgsf] /sd ?=! s/f]8 *! nfv ^% xhf/ sd{rf/L sNof0f sf]ifdf 6«fG;km/ u/]sf 5g\ . 6«fG;km/
u/]sf] /sd lkmtf{ u/L ;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]ifdf bflvnf x'g'kb{5 .
49. ;Demf}tfsf] cGTo – d':tfª lhNnfl:yt gfDUofn u'Daf ljBfno, 5f]Gx'kdf ljBfno ejg lgdf{0f ug{
;fljssf] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, d':tfªn] @)^(.!!.@% ;Dd sfo{;DkGg ug]{ u/L Ps
lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=@ s/f]8 *@ nfv ^@ xhf/sf] vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df xfn;Dd ?=! s/f]8 (^
nfv @( xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] nfk/afxLsf] sf/0f sfd x'g g;sL @)&%.@.!^
sf] lg0f{on] ;Demf}tfsf] cGTo u/]sf] 5 . vl/b ;Demf}tfcg';f/sf] afFsL sfo{ lgdf{0f ug{ Joj;foLaf6
d"No clej[l4 s/ ;d]t ?=! s/f]8 #! nfv (@ xhf/ c;'n pk/ ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf]df ;f] /sd c;'n
u/]sf] 5}g . To:t} 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf tf]l8Psf]df k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ c;'n ug]{ tyf sfnf];"rLdf
/fVg]tk{m sf/afxL u/]sf] b]lvPg .
50. a}Í hdfgt – lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, dxf]Q/Ln] gbLhGo kbfy{ laqmL 7]Ssf :jLs[t ubf{ k|yd tyf
bf];|f] a9L saf]n ug]{ lgdf{0f Joj;foL ;Demf}tf ug{ gcfPkl5 t];|f] a9L saf]n ug]{ Ps JolQm;Fu
@)&$.(.@ df ?=@ s/f]8df ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . ;Demf}tfdf # ls:tfdf /sd k|fKt ug]{ pNn]v 5 . t/
;Demf}tf ug{ gcfPsf Joj;foLn] /fv]sf] hdfgt ?=( nfv @^ xhf/ hkmt u/]sf] b]lvPg . ;Demf}tf
ePsf] Joj;foLaf6 klxnf] ls:tf ?=*) nfv k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . t/ klxnf] ls:tfsf] d"No clej[l4 s/
?=!) nfv $) xhf/, bf];|f] / t];|f] ls:tf afktsf] ?=! s/f]8 @) nfv / ;f]sf] d"No clej[l4 s/
?=!% nfv ^) xhf/ tyf % k|ltzt w/f}6L ?=!) nfv ;d]t ?=! s/f]8 %^ nfv c;'n u/]sf] kfOPg .
lghn] k]; u/]sf] a}Í hdfgtsf] /sd k7fpg s[lif ljsf; a}Í, hn]Zj/ zfvfdf k6s k6s kqfrf/
u/] tfklg a}Íaf6 /sd k|fKt ePsf] 5}g . pQm /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
o;}u/L lu§L, afn'jf nufotsf] lgsf;L ug]{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLaf6 lng'kg]{ ls:tf tyf d"No
clej[l4 s/ afktsf] ?=## nfv c;'n u/]sf] kfOPg . pQm /sd a}Í hdfgt;d]taf6 c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
386
51. ljz]if eQf – :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf *% adf]lhd ;dfof]hg x'g] sd{rf/Lsf]
;]jfsf] zt{ tyf ;'ljwfsf] dfkb08 ;+3Lo sfg'g cg';f/ x'g] pNn]v 5 . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf]
sfof{no, gjnk/f;L -klZrd_ n] ljleGg !$ sd{rf/LnfO{ @ b]lv !) dlxgfsf] tna a/fa/ ?=& nfv
@) xhf/ ljz]if eQf / lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nosf * sd{rf/LnfO{ * dlxgfb]lv %! dlxgf;Ddsf]
tna a/fa/ ?=!! nfv #) xhf/ k|f]T;fxg eQf vr{ n]v]sf] 5 . sfo{ljlw tyf dfkb08 tof/ gu/L
tyf ;+3Lo sfg'g ljk/Lt x'g] To:tf vr{ n]Vg ldNg] b]lvPg .
52. labfsf] /sd – lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sfof{no, vf]6fªdf ;fljssf] :yfgLo ljsf; sf]ifdf c:yfoL
b/aGbLdf sfo{/t $ sd{rf/L gu/kflnsf tyf ufpFkflnsfdf ;dfof]hg eO{ /dfgf lnO{ uPsf]df #^^
b]lv #*$ lbg;Ddsf] labfafkt ?=!$ nfv (@ xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . /dfgf lnO{ ;?jf eO{ uPsf
/ cljlR5Gg ?kdf sfd u/]sf] cj:yfdf labfsf] /sd e'QmfgL ug{ gldNg] x'Fbf pQm /sd c;'n
ug'{kb{5 .
53. ;fdfg lkmtf{ – ;fljs lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf sfo{/t sd{rf/L ;dfof]hg eO{ ljleGg lgsfodf
/dfgf eO{ hfFbf lhDdf lnPsf ;fdfg a/a'emf/y ug'{kg]{df lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, emfkfsf !(
sd{rf/L;Fu /x]sf !% df]6/;fOsn tyf Nofk6k sDKo'6/, l8lh6n Sofd]/fnufotsf d"No gv'n]sf
;fdfg a/a'emf/y gu/L /dfgf lbPsf] 5 . a/a'emf/y gu/L /dfgf lbg] kbflwsf/LnfO{ sf/afxL ;d]t
u/L pQm dfn;fdfg lkmtf{ ug'{kb{5 .
cg'udg tyf a]?h"
• cg'udg – ut ljutsf k|ltj]bgdf sfo{qmd ;+zf]wg a]u/ vr{ u/]sf], nIocg';f/ k|ult gePsf],
k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ c;'n gu/]sf], d"No ;dfof]hg a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf], aLdf gu/]sf], ;f]e}m vl/b u/]sf],
lgdf{0f sfo{df ;dGjo gu/]sf], t];|f] rf}dfl;sdf a9L vr{ ePsf], vl/b ;Demf}tf k|yd rf}dfl;sdf
gePsf], k]:sL km5\of}{6 gePsf], k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] 7]Ssf /sd c;'nL gePsf], axfn /sd c;'nL x'g
g;s]sf], c;DalGwt sfddf e'QmfgL u/]sf], a}Í ;dfof]hg lx;fa tof/ gu/]sf], ah]6eGbf a9L vr{
u/]sf], ljt/0fd"vL vr{ ckgfPsf] nufotsf Joxf]/f cf}+NofOPsf]df ;'wf/ ePsf] b]lvPg . ljutsf Joxf]/f
k'g/fj[lQ gx'g] u/L sfo{;Dkfbg ug'{kb{5 .
• a]?h" l:ylt – of] jif{ dGqfno / dftxt @^! lgsfosf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] a]?h"sf] l:ylt
b]xfocg';f/ 5 M
➢ ;/sf/L sfof{notk{m !(# lgsfodf of] jif{ ?=$ ca{ %$ s/f]8 (( nfv $$ xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df
k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fPkl5 ?=#( s/f]8 #* xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=$ ca{ !% s/f]8 ((
nfv ^ xhf/ km5\of}{6 ug{ afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=! ca{ $) s/f]8 (& nfv $ xhf/ k]:sL a]?h"
/x]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL–!% df 5 .
➢ ;Ful7t ;+:yf, cGo ;+:yf / ;ldlttk{m ^* lgsfodf ?=#@ s/f]8 %% nfv ^ xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf] 5 .
;f]dWo] ?=! s/f]8 @# nfv #$ xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=#!= s/f]8 #! nfv &@ xhf/ afFsL /x]sf] 5 .
;f]dWo] ?=!^ s/f]8 &@ nfv k]:sL a]?h" /x]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL–!^ df 5 .

387
;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfno
dGqfnosf] sfo{If]qdf ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/;DaGwL gLlt, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf] th'{df, sfof{Gjog,
cg'udg / d"NofÍg, k|]; tyf ;"rgf / ;'/If0f d'b|0f, x'nfs ;]jfsf] ;~rfng, k|j4{g, lgodg tyf lgoGq0f,
lk|mSj]G;L ljt/0f tyf cg'udgnufotsf sfo{ /x]sf 5g\ . dGqfno / dftxt;d]t (% lgsfoaf6 ;]jf k|jfx
x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
dGqfno / dftxt sfof{nosf] ljlgof]hg ?=% ca{ %% s/f]8 &) nfv $! xhf/, /fh:j ?=* ca{ @@
s/f]8 ! nfv @& xhf/, w/f}6L ?=!@ s/f]8 @@ nfv &@ xhf/ / cGo sf/f]af/ ?=^ s/f]8 @^ nfv %*
xhf/;d]t ?=!# ca{ (^ s/f]8 @) nfv (* xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . dGqfno dftxtsf
;+ul7t ;+:yf, ;ldlt, cGo ;+:yf;d]t *# sf] ?=%! ca{ ** s/f]8 *! nfv @( xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg
ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] sf/]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f lgDgcg';f/ 5g\M
1. of]hgf, gLlt / ah]6 sfof{Gjog – cfjlws of]hgf / ah]6 jQmJodf dWokxf8L / x'nfsL /fhdfu{df
clK6sn kmfOj/ ;~hfn lj:tf/ u/L &@ lhNnf ;b/d'sfddf tLj| ultsf] a|f]8Jof08 OG6/g]6 ;'ljwf
k'¥ofpg g]kfn 6]lnsdnufot # b"/;~rf/ ;]jf k|bfos;Fu ut jif{ ;Demf}tf eP tfklg sfo{ x'g
;s]sf] 5}g . u|fdL0f b"/;~rf/ ljsf; sf]if kl/rfng u/L dfOqmf]j]e 6«fG;ld;gaf6 ;fd'bflos
SofDk;, pRr dfWolds / dfWolds ljBfno Pj+ k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb|x?df lgMz'Ns OG6/g]6sf]
;'ljwf k'¥ofpg cfjlws of]hgfdf nIo to u/]sf]df of] jif{;Dd & :yfgdf dfq sfo{ ePsf] 5 .
To:t} ;'/If0f d'b|0f;DaGwL sfo{, x'nfs art a}ÍnfO{ ;a} :yfgLo txdf lj:tf/ u/L ljk|]if0f, ljB't,
vfg]kfgL, 6]lnkmf]g dx;'n, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf e'QmfgL s]Gb|sf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{, ljb]zL k|;f/0f
;+:yfaf6 g]kfnleq ul/g] k|;f/0fnfO{ @)&$.$.! b]lv lj1fkg/lxt agfpg] nufotsf sfo{ ePsf] 5}g .
cfjlws of]hgf tyf ah]6 jQmJodf ;dfj]z ePsf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ul/g'kb{5 .
2. a|f]8Aof08 gLlt – g]kfndf a|f]8Jof08 k"jf{wf/ Pj+ ;]jfsf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ / k|j4{g ;'lglZrt u/L
lbuf], ;dtfd"ns / ;dfj]zL ljsf; xfl;n ug{ sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf] a|f]8Aof08 gLltcg';f/ ;g\
@)!* ;Dddf g]kfnsf] $% k|ltzt 3/w'/Ldf a|f]8Aof08 kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug]{, zx/L a|f]8Aof08
pkef]QmfnfO{ ax' ;]jf k|bfosx?dfkm{t 5gf}6sf] cj;/ ;'lglZrt ug]{, ;Dk"0f{ lhNnf ;b/d'sfddf
clK6sn kmfOa/ ;~hfn lj:tf/ ug]{, ! xhf/ %)) ufpF ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ a|f]8Aof08 k"jf{wf/ /
;]jfo'Qm ljB'tLo ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ / jN8{ /]l8of] sDo'lgs];g sGkm/]G;åf/f
OG6/g];gn df]afOn 6]lnsDo'lgs];g tyf OG6/g];gn df]afOn 6]lnsDo'lgs];g P8efG:8 k|ljlw
k|of]hgsf nflu klxrfg ul/Psf lk|mSj]G;L Aof08\; tf//lxt ;]jf k|fyldstfsf ;fy pknAw u/fpg]
nIo /fv]sf]df ;f] ;DaGwdf ePsf] k|ult ljj/0f dGqfnon] cBfjlws u/]sf] 5}g . gLlt sfof{Gjogsf]
sfo{of]hgf agfO{ a|f]8Aof08 ;]jf pknAwt ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 .
3. Snfp8 sDKo'l6ª – ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlw gLlt, @)&@ df ljBdfg PsLs[t ;/sf/L 8f6f ;]G6/sf]
k|efjsf/L pkof]udfkm{t ;/sf/L lgsfox?df Ps Snfp8 sDKo'l6ª tyf ;femf k"jf{wf/;DaGwL k|f?k
tof/ ul/g] tyf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] PsLs[t 8f6f ;]G6/df /x]sf ;|f]tx? k|of]u ub}{ Ps Snfp8 sDKo'l6ª
k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ul/g], o; cg'?k ;g\ @)!* leqdf ;/sf/n] sDtLdf !) ljB'tLo dfWodåf/f k|bfg
ul/g] ;]jfx? Snfp8 sDKo'l6ª k"jf{wf/dfkm{t k|jfx ug]{;DaGwL Joj:yf ldnfOg] pNn]v eP tfklg ;f]
;DaGwL k"jf{wf/ tof/ u/]sf] b]lvPg . plNnlvt gLlt sfof{Gjog ug]{ Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 .
4. lk|mSj]G;L k'glj{t/0f – b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf] /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L -afF8kmfF8 tyf d"No;DaGwL_ gLlt, @)&# sf]
a'Fbf $-u_ cg';f/ lk|mSj]G;L Aof08x? a9fa9 u/L ljt/0f ug]{, k|of]udf /x]sf Aof08x?df ePsf]
cltl/Qm lk|mSj]G;L;d]t k'glj{t/0f ug'{kg]{ gLlt nfu" ePsf] ! jif{kl5 @)&$.(.!( df g]kfn b"/;~rf/
k|flws/0fn] b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf] /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L ljt/0f;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)&$ sf] d:of}bf
dGqfnodf k7fPsf]df xfn;Dd lgodfjnL :jLs[lt gePsf]n] k|of]udf gcfPsf lk|mSj]G;L Aof08x?

xfn;Dd klg a9fa9 u/L ljt/0f ePsf] 5}g . k|of]udf cfO/x]sf Aof08x?sf] cltl/Qm lk|mSj]G;Lsf]
k'glj{t/0f u/L /fh:j k|fKt ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
5. Go"gtd lk|mSj]G;L b:t'/ – b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf] /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L -afF8kmfF8 tyf d"No;DaGwL_ gLlt, @)^(
sf] a'Fbf !! cg';f/ lhP;Pd df]afOn ;]jfsf] lgldQ 5'6\ofPsf] Go"gtd lk|mSj]G;L b:t'/ Psd'i6?kdf
;f] ;]jf k|bfossf] jflif{s s'n cfDbfgLsf] )=$ k|ltzt sfod ul/g] Joj:yf eP tfklg of] jif{ @ ;]jf
k|bfosaf6 Go"gtd lk|mSj]G;L b:t'/ 36L c;'n u/]sf]n]
gLltsf] a'Fbf !^ adf]lhd k|To]s dlxgf @ k|ltztsf of] jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 d'VotM
b/n] yk b:t'/;d]t nufO{ ?=* s/f]8 ( nfv &# xhf/ lk|mSj]G;L b:t'/ c;'n tyf k'glj{t/0f
c;'n ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . gePsf], b"/;~rf/ /f]oN6L 36L c;'n
6. lk|mSj]G;L b:t'/ c;'nL – b"/;~rf/ /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L ePsf], g]kfn b";/;~rf/ k|flws/0fsf]
-afF8kmfF8 tyf d"No_ ;DaGwL gLlt, @)^( sf] a'Fbf !^ ;l~rlt ;j{;l~rt sf]if bflvnf gePsf],
tyf b"/;~rf/ lgodfjnL, @)%$ sf] lgod #! adf]lhd Ohfht glnO{ lghL If]qaf6 x'nfs ;]jf
/]l8of] lk|mSj]G;Lafktsf] b:t'/ k|To]s jif{ lgoldt?kdf ;~rfng ePsf], c;DalGwt kf6L{nfO{
a'emfpg'kg]{, k|To]s ;]jf k|bfosn] dfOqmf]j]e lk|mSj]G;L / 8fFs 9'jfgLsf] e'QmfgL lbPsf], l8lh6n
Go"gtd lk|mSj]G;Lsf] b:t'/ k|To]s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] ^ x:tfIf/sf] k|of]u Go"g /x]sf], k|df0fLs/0f
dlxgfleq e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{, Go"gtd lk|mSj];Lafx]s yk gu/fO{ ;ˆ6j]o/ k|of]u u/]sf], g]kfn
lk|mSj]G;L, clwstd lk|mSj]G;L / le:of6sf] b:t'/ k|To]s 6]lnsdsf] df]afOn ;]jfsf] gjLs/0f
cfly{s jif{sf] lgldQ ;f] cfly{s jif{ z'? ePsf] # b:t'/ bflvnf gePsf], cg'dlta]u/
dlxgfleq clu|d e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{ / tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq
OG6/g]6 ;]jf ;~rfng u/]sf], e"sDk
b:t'/ e'QmfgL gu/]df e'Qmfg ug{ afFsL b:t'/sf] k|To]s
dlxgf b'O{ k|ltztsf] b/n] yk b:t'/;d]t nfUg] Joj:yf clt k|efljt !! lhNnfdf lgMz'Ns
5 . of] jif{ $ ;]jf k|bfosn] lk|mSj]G;L tyf le:of6 OG6/g]6 ;]jf k|efjsf/L gePsf], clK6sn
b:t'/ bflvnf gu/]sf]n] yk b:t'/;d]t ?=*) s/f]8 ^% kmfOa/ la5\ofpg ;]jf k|bfos;Fu ePsf]
nfv &( xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 . ;Demf}tf q'l6k"0f{ ePsf], /]l8of] g]kfnsf]
hUuf ef8f k|lqmof sfg'gcg';f/ gePsf]
7. b"/;~rf/ /f]oN6L – b"/;~rf/ lgodfjnL, @)%$ sf] nufotsf Joxf]/f b]lvPsf]n] ;'wf/
lgod @^ df cg'dlt k|fKt JolQmn] s'n jflif{s ug'{kb{5 .
cfDbfgLsf] $ k|ltztn] x'g] /sd k|To]s jif{ /f]oN6Lsf]
?kdf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
b"/;~rf/ /f]oN6L a'emfpg'kg]{ # ;]jf k|bfosn] ?=! s/f]8 @% nfv *% xhf/ / @) ;]jf k|bfosn]
u|fxs;Fu p7fPsf] /f]oN6Lof]Uo cfDbfgLsf] ?=$ s/f]8 @( nfv @) xhf/;d]t ?=% s/f]8 %% nfv %
xhf/ bflvnf u/]sf 5}gg\ . lgodfjnLsf] Joj:yfcg';f/ ;]jf k|bfos;Fu /f]oN6L /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
8. ls:tfaGbLsf] /f]oN6L – Ps b"/;~rf/ ;]jf k|bfosn] cg'dltkqsf] zt{adf]lhd a'emfpg afFsL /f]oN6L
?=! ca{ ^# s/f]8 #% nfv @ xhf/ * ls:tfdf ltg]{ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/af6 @)^(.^.!$ df ls:tf
lgwf{/0f u/]sf]df @)&$ cflZjg;Dd a'emfpg'kg]{ ls:tf ?=@) s/f]8 $! nfv ** xhf/ cfly{s
jif{sf] cGt;Dd bflvnf u/]sf] 5}g . a'emfpg afFsL /f]oN6L tyf lk|mSj]G;L b:t'/sf] ls:tf Aofh;lxt
c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
9. yk b:t'/ – b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf] /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;L;DaGwL gLlt, @)^( sf] a'Fbf !^ df cfly{s jif{ z'?
ePsf] # dlxgfleq lk|mSj]G;L b:t'/ a'emfpg'kg]{ / ;f] Dofbleq bflvnf gu/]df dfl;s @ k|ltzt yk
b:t'/ nfUg] Joj:yf 5 . Ps b"/;~rf/ ;]jf k|bfosn] @)&@.&# / @)&#.&$ sf] Go'gtd lk|mSj]G;L
b:t'/ ?=! s/f]8 %# nfv !@ xhf/ l9nf] bflvnf u/]sf]n] yk b:t'/ ?=%$ nfv ^@ xhf/ c;'n
ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
10. ;l~rlt – b"/;~rf/ P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf $%-#_ df g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0fnfO{ k|fKt /sdn] sfo{
;~rfng ug{ gk'u ePdf g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu dfu ug{ ;Sg] / ;/sf/n] pknAw u/fPsf] /sd a9L
ePdf lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . k|flws/0fsf] utjif{;Ddsf] ;l~rlt ?=#@ ca{ !( s/f]8 *$ nfv
/x]sf]df of] jif{ ?=#@ ca{ &! s/f]8 #! nfv k'u]sf] 5 . pQm ;l~rltdWo] u|fdL0f b"/;~rf/ sf]ifsf]
?=!* ca{ ^$ s/f]8 !! nfvafx]s ?=!$ ca{ & s/f]8 !( nfv ;l~rtsf]if bflvnf ug'{kb{5 . of]
Joxf]/f ut ljutb]lv k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v eP tfklg l:ylt oyfjt 5 .
11. ;zt{ cg'bfg – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod $!-#_ adf]lhd ;fna;fnL k|s[ltsf
afx]s ljz]if k|sf/sf k6s] sfo{qmd / cfof]hgfsf] nflu lbPsf] lgsf;fsf] cWoog cg'udg u/L
k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . dGqfnon] @)&$.&% df uf]/vfkq ;+:yfgnfO{ ?=!* s/f]8 !*
nfv ^) xhf/, /]l8of] k|;f/ ;]jf ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ ?=!^ s/f]8 !( nfv @! xhf/, g]kfn
6]lnlehgnfO{ ?=@ s/f]8 & nfv #( xhf/, /fli6«o ;dfrf/ ;ldltnfO{ ?=@ s/f]8 @* nfv $) xhf/,
k|]; sfplG;n g]kfnnfO{ ?=! s/f]8 ^( nfv @% xhf/, rnlrq ljsf; af]8{nfO{ ?=@ s/f]8 / g]kfn
kqsf/ dxf;+3nfO{ ?=$) nfv;d]t ejg lgdf{0f, ;dfj]zL k|sfzg, l8lh6n csf{O{leË h:tf
k|of]hgdf ?= $@ s/f]8 *@ nfv *% xhf/ ;zt{ cg'bfg lbPsf]df cg'udg u/]sf] 5}g . g]kfn
6]lnlehg, uf]/vfkq ;+:yfg tyf /fli6«o ;dfrf/ ;ldltnfO{ l8lh6n csf{O{leË sfo{sf] nflu ljut
jif{df pknAw u/fPsf] cg'bfgsf] k|ult ljj/0f glnO{ of] jif{ klg ;f]xL k|of]hgdf;d]t cg'bfg
pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . ;zt{ cg'bfgsf] /sd ;f]xL k|of]hgdf pkof]u u/]sf] ;'lglZrt x'g'kb{5 .
x'nfs ;]jf ljefu
12. Ohfht – x'nfs P]g, @)!( sf] bkmf # df g]kfn ;/sf/n] JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ x'nfs ;]jf ;~rfng
ug{ Ohfht lbg] k|of]hgsf] nflu P]gadf]lhd zt{ tf]Sg' kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . lghL If]qnfO{ x'nfs ;]jf
;~rfng ug{ zt{ lgwf{/0f u/L Ohfhtkq glbP klg @)^(.%.@& b]lv @)&% c;f/ d;fGt;Dd
:jb]ztkm{ @% d]n tyf s'l/o/nfO{ 3/]n' sfof{nodf sfuf]{ / s'l/o/ ;~rfng ug{ ;xdlt lbPsf] 5 .
j}b]lzs x'nfs ;]jf ;~rfngsf] cg'dlt lbPsf] clen]v k|fKt ePg . Ohfhtkqsf] clen]va]u/
:jb]zL / j}b]lzs ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt x'g] Ohfht b:t'/, gjLs/0f b:t'/ / /f]oN6L olsg x'g] cj:yf
b]lvPg . ljefun] P]gsf] k|fjwfgcg';f/ x'nfs ;]jf ;~rfngsf] Ohfht lbg] Joj:yf sfof{Gjog ug{
ut jif{sf] k|ltj]bgdf cf}NofpFbf;d]t l:ylt oyfjt 5 . clen]v tyf cg'udgdf k|efjsfl/tf
Nofpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
13. x'nfs ;]jf ;~rfng – ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/sf] If]qdf ePsf] k|ljlwsf] ljsf; tyf lghL If]qn] ;d]t
lr7Lkq, kf;{n tyf s'l/o/ ;]jf ;~rfng u/]sf]n] ;/sf/L x'nfs ;]jfsf] sfo{If]q ;f3'Fl/b} uPsf] 5 .
:jb]ztkm{ ;g\ @)!% df ;fwf/0f, /lhi6«L, aLdf, kf;{n, a'skf]i6nufot # s/f]8 ^* nfv #) xhf/
kl/df0f cfbfg k|bfg ePsf]df ;g\ @)!^ df # s/f]8 $% nfv %! xhf/ / ;g\ @)!& df # s/f]8 #$
nfv %! xhf/ kl/df0f cfbfg k|bfg ePsf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] t'ngfdf of] jif{ !! nfvn] sf/f]af/
;+Vof 36]sf] 5 . ljut jif{sf] t'ngfdf qmdzM x'nfssf] sfd 36\b} uPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . x'nfssf]
sfddf ePsf] kl/jt{gnfO{ dWogh/ /fvL x'nfs ;]jfsf] k'gM ;+/rgf ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
14. 6ld{gn 8\o"h – ljefu / ljZj x'nfs ;+3aLrsf] ;Demf}tfcg';f/ ljleGg d'n'saf6 lng'lbg' kg]{
/sdsf] lx;fa jif{ JotLt ePsf] 5 dlxgfleq ul/;Sg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ljefun] lng'lbg' kg]]{ lx;fa
tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq km/kmf/s u/]sf] 5}g . ljefun] ;g\ @)!^ b]lvs} PS;k|]; d]n, kf;{n tyf cGo
lr7Lkqsf] k|fKt x'g'kg]{ /sdsf] cGt/f{li6«o 8fFs n]vf lx;fa g} cBfjlws gu/]sf]n] lng'lbg'kg]{ lx;fa
olsg ePsf] 5}g . ;dodf lx;fa cBfjlws gubf{ ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt x'g'kg]{ /fh:j u'Dg] cj:yf
b]lvPsf] 5 . tf]lsPsf] k|lqmof ckgfO{ ;dodf lx;fa /fkm;fkm ug'{kb{5 .
15. lr7Lkq Joj:yfkg – ljZj x'nfs ;+3sf] kq dGh'iff lgb]{lzsf, @)!# sf] kl/R5]b h]=sf] Po/
sGe]oG; 8\o"df xjfO 9'jfgL ef8f gful/s p8\8og skf]{/]zgsf] xjfO{ ;]jf ljQLo tYofÍdf plNnlvt
b"/L / kq tyf kf;{nsf] tf}nnfO{ lgwf{l/t P;l8cf/sf] b/n] u0fgf u/L e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
To;}ul/ tf}n, b"/L, ?6;d]tsf] cfwf/df dfl;s ljj/0f tof/ u/L clen]v /fVg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
ljefun] uf]Zjf/f x'nfs sfof{noaf6 ljleGg d'n'sdf k7fOPsf kq tyf kf;{nsf] 8]lne/L lan,
tf}nsf] ljj/0f tyf dfl;s ljj/0f;d]tsf] clen]v /fvL ;f]sf] cfwf/df Po/ sGe]oG; 8\o"sf] e'QmfgL
ug'{kg]{df ;DalGwt xjfO{ sDkgLsf] tf}n, b"/L / ?6 gv'n]sf] Psd'i6 OGEjfO;sf] cfwf/df of] jif{ ?=
# s/f]8 () nfv (! xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . ljZj x'nfs ;+3n] tf]s]sf] clen]v cBfjlws u/L
xjfO{ 9'jfgL ef8f e'QmfgL ug'{kb{5 .
16. 8fFs 9'jfgL – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@# df vl/b ;Demf}tfcg';f/ ;fj{hlgs
lgsfon] /lgª lan jf cGo s'g} lan aLhssf] e'QmfgL ubf{ s/f/sf zt{adf]lhd ;]jf k|bfosn]
cfjZos sfuhft k]z ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . cGt/f{li6«o 8fFs 9'jfgLafkt Ps ljb]zL xjfO{ sDkgLnfO{
;g\ @)!& sf] h'nfO{b]lv ;]K6]Da/;Dd # dlxgfsf] ?=*^ nfv ^$ xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf]df pQm /sd
csf]{ ljb]zL sDkgLsf] vftfdf hDdf x'g uPsf] b]lvof] . sf/f]af/;Fu ;DalGwt ;]jf k|bfossf] lan
aLhs Pj+ 7]ufgf 5fglag gu/L e'QmfgL k7fpg] sd{rf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ pQm /sd c;'npk/
ug'{kb{5 .
17. ejg lgdf{0f – ljefusf] ejg lgdf{0fsf nflu @)^&.^.@$ df Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu @)^(.^.@$
df lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ ?= ( s/f]8 @& nfv @@ xhf/sf] ;Demf}tf ePsf] b]lvG5 . tf]lsPsf]
Dofbleq sfd ;DkGg gePsf]n] @)&! dª\l;/ d;fGt;Dd Dofb yk ePsf] / @)&!.&@ df P3f/f}+
/lgª lan;Dd ?= % s/f]8 !! xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . tt\ kZrft ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb yk gePsf],
ejg lgdf{0f cw'/f] x'Fbf jiff}{+b]lv 3/ ef8fdf cgfjZos cfly{s bfloTj k/]sf], lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] ejg
lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{df ljZj:t x'g] cfwf/ gb]lvPsf]n] ;Demf}tf cGTo u/L sfnf];"rLdf /fVg] tyf
afFsL sfd ug{ gk'u x'g] /sd ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'npk/ ug]{;DaGwL ;"rgf @)&#.@.!& df
k|sflzt u/]sf]df s'g} 6'Ëf] gnufPsf] Joxf]/f ut jif{sf] k|ltj]bgdf cf}NofpFbf klg l:ylt oyfjt 5 .
18. x'nfs art a}Í – b]zel/ 5l/P/ /x]sf ; ;fgf k'FhLnfO{ PsLs[t u/L b]z ljsf;df 6]jf k'¥ofpg /
Go"g cfo ePsf hgtfdf ;d]t s]xL /sd art ug]{ afgLsf] ljsf; u/fpg] p2]Zon] @)#! df x'nfs
art a}Ísf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . uf]Zjf/f / lhNnf x'nfs sfof{nodWo] ^* n] x'nfs art a}Ísf]
sf/f]af/ u/L art a}Í ;~rfng u/]sf 5g\ . of] jif{sf] cGTodf ?= ! ca{ (! s/f]8 #& nfv df}Hbft
/x]sf] 5 . x'nfs art a}Ísf] lx;fa ;ˆ6j]o/df g/x]sf], sf/f]af/sf] kl/df0f k|To]s jif{ j[l4 x'b}
uPsf], s]xL lhNnfdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Laf6 /sdsf] ckrng ePsf], nufgLsf] If]q km/flsnf] gePsf]
h:tf sf/0fn] x'nfs art a}Í k|efjsf/L ePsf 5}gg\ . k|ljlw / a}+lsª k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; Pj+ lj:tf/
x'Fb} uPsf] ;Gbe{df art /sdsf] kl/rfng ;'/lIft tj/af6 ug'{kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L
art a}Ísf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{kg]{ Joxf]/f ut jif{sf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePtfklg l:ylt oyfjt 5 .
19. x'nfs art a}Ísf] C0f – x'nfs art a}Í sfo{;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&# sf] a'Fbf @( df C0fL
sd{rf/Lsf] art a}Íaf6 C0f ;'ljwf lng gkfpg] sfof{nodf ;?jf ePdf lghn] ltg{ afFsL /x]sf]
;Dk"0f{ ;fFjf tyf Aofh /sd c;'n u/]/dfq /dfgf lbg'kg]{ / s'g} s/0fjz C0fL sd{rf/LnfO{ /dfgf
lbPsf] jf lghn] /dfgf lnO{ cGoq uPsf] kfOPdf To:tf] sd{rf/L / /dfgf lbg] sd{rf/LnfO{ lghsf]
k|rlnt ;]jf ;'ljwf;DaGwL sfg'gadf]lhd ljefuLo sf/afxL ul/g] Joj:yf 5 . s]Gb|Lo wgfb]z
sfof{non] o;;DaGwL cfjZos ljj/0f tof/ u/]sf] b]lvPg . n]vfk/LIf0fdf k|fKt ePsf] C0f c;'n
x'g afFsLsf] ljj/0fcg';f/ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] sfof{nodf x'Fbf lnPsf] C0f glt/L C0f ;'ljwf
gkfpg] sfof{nodf ;?jf ePsf sd{rf/L;d]t !! sd{rf/L;Fu ;fFjf tyf Aofh ?=#& nfv &% xhf/
c;'n x'g afFsL b]lvPsf]n] lgb]{lzsfadf]lhd sf/afxL u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
20. txlan df}Hbft – x'nfs art a}Í sfo{;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&# sf] a'Fbf #( df art a}Í ;~rfng
ug]{ sfof{non] x/]s cfly{s jif{sf] cGtdf txlan /sd z'Go u/fO{ a}Í vftfdf bflvnf ug'{kg]{
k|fjwfg eP tfklg lhNnf x'nfs sfof{no /f}tx6n] ?=! s/f]8 %* nfv $! xhf/ / hfh/sf]6n] ?=^)
nfv (@ xhf/;d]t !! sfof{non] cfly{s jif{sf] cGtdf lgb]{lzsf ljk/Lt ?=@ s/f]8 @$ nfv @)
xhf/ txlan df}Hbft /fv]sf 5g\ . ctM lgb]{lzsfsf] Joj:yf sfof{Gjog eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf
ljefuaf6 cg'udg ug'{kb{5 .
21. n]vfk/LIf0f – x'nfs art a}Í sfo{;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&# sf] a'Fbf %^ df art a}Ísf] sf/f]af/sf]
cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f ;DalGwt sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{no / clGtd n]vfk/LIf0f
dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{noaf6 x'g] Joj:yf 5 . x'nfs art a}Í ;~rfng ePsf lhNnf tyf Onfsf
x'nfs sfof{no ^* dWo] uf]Zjf/f x'nfs sfof{no / lhNnf x'nfs sfof{no pbok'/, /f}tx6 tyf
nlntk'/ / Onfsf x'nfs sfof{no lzjgu/ -/f}tx6_ ;d]t % sfof{non] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f u/fO{
;|]:tf k]z gu/]sf]n] n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] 5}g . lgodcg';f/ n]vfk/LIf0f u/fO{ art a}Ísf] sf/f]af/
cBfjlws u/fpg'kb{5 .
;"rgf tyf k|zf/0f ljefu
22. k|ljlwut ;lDdng – ;"rgf / k|ljlwsf] tLj| ljsf;n] 5fkf, /]l8of], 6]lnlehg / cgnfOgsf] pTkfbg,
ljt/0f tyf OG6/g]6af6 u|fxs;dIf kx'Fr;d]t e}/x]sf] ;Gbe{df ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] PsLs[t
;]jf / ;'ljwfnfO{ k|ljlwut ;lDdng -sGeh]{G;_ af6 lgld{t ;"rgf k|0ffnLnfO{ Jojxf/df Nofpg
/fli6«o cfd;~rf/ gLlt, @)&# tof/ ePsf] 5 . gLlt ag]sf] @ jif{Dd klg sfg'g lgdf{0f ePsf]
gb]lvFbf ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] PsLs[t ;]jf ;'ljwf k|bfg tyf ;f] afkt /fh:j k|fKt x'g] l:ylt
b]lvPg .
23. k|]; k|ltlglw k|df0fkq – 5fkfvfgf tyf k|sfzg lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod !# df k|]; k|ltlglw /
:jtGq kqsf/sf] k|df0fkq lnO{ g]kfnL gful/sn] g]kfne/ ;dfrf/ ;+sng ug{ ;Sg] / k|]; k|ltlglw
tyf c:yfoL k|df0fkq k|fKt ljb]zL gful/sn] k|df0fkqdf tf]lsPsf] If]qdf dfq ;dfrf/ ;+sng ug{
;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . ljefun] @)&$÷&% df $ xhf/ &(@ hgf :jb]zL k|]; k|ltlglw, :jtGq kqsf/ /
ljb]zL k|]; k|ltlglw kqsf/sf] k|df0fkq cBfjlws u/]sf] 5 . t/ g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] j]e;fO6df
@)&%÷^÷( ;Dd !# xhf/ %) kqsf/n] ;b:otf lnPsf] b]lvPsf]n] k|]; k|ltlglw k|df0fkq glnPsf
* xhf/ @%* kqsf/n] /fh:j glt/L tyf sfg'gL k|s[of k"/f gu/L ldl8ofsf] nflu ;dfrf/ ;+sng
u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . o;;DaGwdf cg'udg u/L lgodfjnLsf] k|fjwfgcg';f/ sf/afxL ug'{kb{5 .
24. lk|mSj]G;L ljt/0f – /fli6«o cfd ;~rf/ gLlt, @)&# df Pkm=Pd /]l8of] / 6]lnlehgsf lk|mSj]G;LnfO{
;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|zf/0f, ;fd'bflos k|zf/0f / Jofkfl/s k|zf/0fsf nflu afF8kmfF8 ul/g] Joj:yf 5 .
;f] gLltcg';f/ ;fd'bflos k|zf/0f / Jofkfl/s k|zf/0fsf lk|mSj]G;LnfO{ kf/bzL{ / v'Nnf k|lt:kwf{sf
cfwf/df k|bfg ul/g] / of] k|fjwfg nfu" x'g'eGbf cufl8 k|bfg ul/Psf lk|mSj]G;Lx?df g]kfn ;/sf/n]
;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L hfgsf/L lbPsf] ldltb]lv lk|mSj]G;L cjlw u0fgf x'g] Joj:yf 5 .
k|zf/0fsf] Ohfht lbOPsf %* l;Ugn ljt/s, @ :of6nfO{6 ljt/s, *%) Pkm=Pd=, #!
6]lnlehgdWo] /fli6«o cfd ;~rf/ gLlt nfu" x'g'k"j{sf lk|mSj]G;LnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L
lk|mSj]G;L cjlw nfu" gul/Psf] / gLlt nfu" ePkl5 ljt/0f ePsf lk|mSj]G;LnfO{ k|lt:kwf{sf] cfwf/df
afF8kmfF8 gul/gfn] of] jif{ Ohfht lbPsf (( Pkm=Pd / @ 6]lnlehgnfO{ klg k'/fg} k|lqmofcg';f/
ljt/0f u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;Lldt ;|f]t ePsf] lk|mSj]G;Lsf] plrt ;b'kof]u ePsf] gb]lvFbf gLltsf] Joj:yf
kfngf ug'{kb{5 .
;"rgf k|ljlw ljefu
25. hUufwgL k|df0fk'hf{ – sfe|]sf] kgf}tLl:yt ;"rgf k|ljlw kfs{sf] kl/;/df /x]sf] !&& /f]kgL * cfgf !
bfd hUuf ljutdf clwu|x0f u/L d'cfjhf;d]t e'QmfgL e};s]sf]df ;fljs lj1fg tyf k|ljlw
dGqfnon] ;"rgf k|ljlw kfs{sf] gfddf $) /f]kgL !) cfgf / ;fljs pBf]u dGqfnon] 6]Sgf]nf]hL
kfs{sf] gfddf @) /f]kgL !) cfgf ! bfd;d]t ^! /f]kgL $ cfgf ! bfdsf] dfq hUufwgL k|df0fk'hf{
lnPsf]n] !!^ /f]kgL $ cfgf hUufsf] wgLk'hf{ lnO{ ;/sf/L hUuf ;+/If0f ug'{kb{5 .
26. tYofÍ e08f/0f – ;"rgf k|ljlw ljefu / /fli6«o ;"rgf k|ljlw s]Gb|sf] cnfjf g]kfndf lghL If]qn]
klg tYofÍ e08f/0f sfo{ :jb]z tyf ljb]zdf Joj;flos?kdf ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . a}Í, aLdf,
cw{;/sf/L, pBf]u, lghL If]qsf cGo ;+:yf / ;/sf/L lgsfo;d]tn] lghL If]qsf] 8f6f ;]G6/sf] ;'ljwf
lng] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . caf}{+ d"Nosf 8f6fx? :6f]/]h ug]{ ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf / 8f6f ;'/Iffdf ul/g]
Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf sfg'gL Joj:yf ePsf] b]lvPg . tYofÍ e08f/0f klg ;fj{hlgs ;DklQ ePsf]
x'Fbf cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08adf]lhd ;~rfng eP gePsf] ljefun] cg'udg ug'{kb{5 .

27. ;km\6j]o/ k|df0fLs/0f – ;"rgf k|ljlw k|0ffnL -Joj:yfkg tyf ;~rfng_ lgb]{lzsf, @)&! sf] a'Fbf #
df ;/sf/L lgsfodf k|of]u x'g] ;"rgf k|ljlw k|0ffnLdf Ps?ktf x'g'kg]{ / a'Fbf $ df s'g} ;/sf/L
lgsfon] cfkm\gf] sfo{ ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 ;~rfng ug{ k|of]u ug]{ ;"rgf k|ljlw k|0ffnL lgdf{0f ubf{
;f]sf] dfgs;d]t to ug'{kg]{ / To:tf] k|0ffnL dfgscg'?k eP gePsf] lgwf{/0f ug{ ljefudf
k7fpg'kg]{ tyf k|fKt ePsf] sfuhsf cfwf/df k|fljlws ;ldltaf6 hfFra'em u/fO{ dfgsadf]lhd
kfOPdf ljefun] tL; lbgleq k|df0fLs/0f ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . ljefun] @)&$÷&% ;Dd ! ;/sf/L
lgsfosf] ;km\6j]o/ dfq dfgscg';f/ ePsf] k|df0fLs/0f u/]sf] kfOof] . cGo ;/sf/L lgsfox?n]
;km\6j]o/ lgdf{0f tyf vl/b u/L sfo{;Dkfbg, ;]jfk|jfx, n]vf tyf k|ltj]bgsf] nflu k|of]u ul//x]sf]
kfO{Psf]n] ljefuaf6 k|df0fLs/0f gu/fO ;km\6j]o/ k|of]udf Nofpbf ;km\6j]o/df Ps?ktf gcfpg],
o'h/nusf] Joj:yf gx'g], l8lh6n x:tfIf/d}qLsf] ;'ljwf gx'g], ;/sf/nfO{ cgfjZos cfly{s Jooef/
kg]{ / u'0f:t/Lo gx'g] sf/0f ueg{d]G6 OG6/k|fOh cfls{6]Sr/df cfwfl/t :jLs[t dfkb08df ;d]t
gx'g] b]lvPsf] 5 . ;/sf/L lgsfox?n] g} dfkb08a]u/sf ;km\6j]o/x? k|of]u ubf{ c;'/lIft x'g] l:ylt
b]lvPsf] 5 . ;ˆ6j]o/ k|of]u;DaGwL k|rlnt k|fjwfgsf] kfngf x'g'kb{5 .
k|df0fLs/0f lgoGqssf] sfof{no
28. ;ˆ6j]o/ nfO;]G;sf] pkof]u – klAns sL OGk|mf:6«Sr/ 8f6f ;]G6/sf] nflu @)^*.^( df %)) yfg
;km\6j]o/ nfO;]G;nufot cGo ;fdfg ?=* s/f]8 *^ nfv ^ xhf/ / @)&!.&@ df %) ;ˆ6j]o/
nfO;]G; ?=! s/f]8 @! nfv $# xhf/;d]t ?=!) s/f]8 & nfv $( xhf/ d"Nosf] vl/b u/]sf] lhG;L
vftfsf] clen]v tyf ljut n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg;d]taf6 b]lvPsf]df plNnlvt %%) ;ˆ6j]o/
nfO;]G;dWo] @)&$.&% ;Dddf ! dfq ;ˆ6j]o/ nfO;]G; pkof]u eO{ %$( j6f k|of]uljxLg cj:yfdf
lhG;Ldf df}Hbft /x]sf]5 . df}Hbft /x]sf ;ˆ6j]o/ nfO;]G;sf] cjlw;d]t ;lsPsf]n] cfjZostf
klxrfga]u/ vl/b u/L pkof]uljxLg cj:yfdf /x]sf]n] ?=!) s/f]8 % nfv ^ xhf/ cgfjZos
Jooef/ k/]sf] ;DaGwdf vl/b lg0f{odf ;+nUgnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
29. l8lh6n x:tfIf/ – ljB'tLo sf/f]af/ P]g, @)^# nfu" ePsf] gf} jif{kl5 @)&@ df /fi6«klt
sfof{noaf6 l8lh6n x:tfIf/ z'?jft ePsf] / P]g nfu" ePsf] jfx| jif{ cjlwdf !) ;/sf/L sfof{no
/ ( a}Í÷aLdf sDkgLn] dfq l8lh6n x:tfIf/ k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/L sfof{nox?sf] sfo{
k|0ffnLnfO{ ;"rgf k|ljlwd}qL agfpg l8lh6n x:tfIf/d}qL ;km\6j]o/sf] k"jf{wf/ tof/ u/L ;/sf/L
;"rgf k|ljlw k|0ffnL hf]lvdd'Qm agfpg' kb{5 .
s]Gb|Lo l6s6 e08f/
30. l6s6 df}Hbft – sfof{nosf] e08f/df ut jif{;Dd ?=! ca{ *$ s/f]8 !! nfv *@ xhf/ d"Nosf (
s/f]8 (^ nfv # xhf/ #@) yfg l6s6 df}Hbft /x]sf]df of] jif{ @ s/f]8 $) nfv yfg l6s6 5kfO{
ePsf] / @ s/f]8 @% nfv &% xhf/ ^@( yfg vr{ e} ?=! ca{ *) s/f]8 #! nfv %( xhf/ d"No
a/fa/sf] !) s/f]8 !) nfv @& xhf/ ^(! yfg l6s6 df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 . df}Hbft /x]sf] l6s6dWo]
k|of]hgdf g} gcfpg] ?=# s/f]8 * nfv @* xhf/ d"Nosf] /x]sf] 5 . ctM cfjZostf / df}Hbft
l:yltnfO{ ljrf/ u/L l6s6 5kfO{ ug'{kb{5 .
;+ul7t ;+:yf / ;ldlt
/]l8of] k|;f/ ;]jf ljsf; ;ldlt
31. ;fj{hlgs k|zf/0f ;+:yf – t]x|f} / rf}wf}+ lqjifL{o of]hgfsf] sfo{gLlt, ;/sf/L ;~rf/ dfWodx?sf]
k'g;+{/rgf / :jfoQtf ;DaGwL sfo{bnsf] k|ltj]bg / @)&!.&@ sf] ah]6 jStJodf hgtfsf] ;';"lrt
x'g kfpg] xsnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg /]l8of] g]kfn / g]kfn 6]lnlehg ufeL ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|zf/ssf
?kdf ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos sfg'gL tyf ;+:yfut ;+/rgf tof/ ul/g] pNn]v lyof] . /]l8of] g]kfnn]
tof/ u/]sf] Joj:yfkg ;'wf/ sfof{Gjog sfo{ of]hgfn] /]l8of] g]kfnnfO{ ;fj{hlgs k|zf/0f ;+:yf P]g
cg'?k kl/jlt{t k|ljlwdf ?kfGt/0f u/L ;~rfng ug{ @)&# efb|leq P]gsf] d:of}bf tof/ x'g] pNn]v
u/]tfklg P]g gag]sf]n] PsLs[t ;fj{hlgs k|zf/0f ;~rfng x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
32. hUufwgL k|df0fk'hf{ tyf ef8f – v'dn6f/ 6«fG;ldl6Ë :6]zgdf /x]sf] !^) /f]kgL hUufdWo] !$^
/f]kgL / e};]kf6L 6«fG;ldl6Ë :6]zgdf /x]sf] *@ /f]kgL hUufdWo] $@ /f]kgL dfq ;+:yfsf] gfddf
hUufwgL k|df0fk'hf{ ePsf] / afFsL %$ /f]kgL hUufsf] k|df0fk'hf{ lnPsf] gb]lvPsf]n] /]l8of] g]kfnsf]
gfddf /x]sf] ;a} hUufsf] hUufwgL k|df0fk'hf{ lnO{ hUuf ;+/If0f ug'{kb{5 .
/]l8of] g]kfnsf] nlntk'/l:yt v'dn6f/ 6«fG;ldl6Ë :6]zgsf] $@ /f]kgL hUuf #) jif{sf] nflu
Ps xfplhË sDkgL;Fu dfl;s ?=!& nfv @$ xhf/df ;Demf}tf ePsf] b]lvof] . ef8fsf] Go"gtd b/
sfod ubf{ :yfgLo txsf] ef8f b/, ;/sf/L lgsfosf] ef8fb/ / k|rlnt ahf/ d"Nosf] cfwf/ lnPsf]
5}g . To;}u/L ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfg tyf ;/sf/L :jfldTj ePsf ;ldlt, af]8{, sDkgL tyf ;+:yfsf]
gfddf /x]sf] 3/hUuf Joj:yfkg;DaGwL dfkb08adf]lhd lnhsf] zt{ lgwf{/0f u/L cy{ dGqfnosf]
;xdltdf g]kfn ;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\af6 lg0f{o u/L a9Ldf #) jif{;Ddsf] nflu lnhdf lbg ;lsg] /
lnhsf zt{ cy{ dGqfnosf] ;xdltdf g]kfn ;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{oaf6 lbg ;lsg] Joj:yf
ePsf]df sfo{sf/L lgb]{zsn] lg0f{o u/L ef8f ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . :yfgLo af;Lsf] ljjfbsf] sf/0f
xsef]u ug{ gkfPsf] / xsef]u kfPsf] ldltb]lv dfq pQm hUuf ef8f nfu" x'g] u/L lg0f{o ul/lbg
pQm sDkgLn] cg'/f]w u/]sf]df ;f]sf] lg0f{o gx'Fbf ;Demf}tfcg';f/ of] jif{ k|fKt x'g'kg]{ ?=! s/f]8 #&
nfv (# xhf/ ef8f k|fKt ePsf] 5}g .
g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0f
33. ;~rfng glthf – k|flws/0fsf] @)&$.&% sf] cGTodf sf]if tyf hu]8f ?=#@ ca{ &! s/f]8 #) nfv
^# xhf/, rfn' bfloTj tyf Joj:yf ?=@ ca{ ^* s/f]8 @@ nfv !# xhf/ tyf l:y/ ;DklQ ?=&
s/f]8 ^@ nfv ($ xhf/ / rfn' ;DklQ ?=#% ca{ #@ s/f]8 @) nfv &# xhf/ /x]sf] 5 . ;~rfng
gfkmf ut jif{ ?=# ca{ $( s/f]8 %^ nfv (* xhf/ /x]sf]df of] jif{ ?=# ca{ $^ s/f]8 $@ nfv %
xhf/ /x]sf]n] ?=# s/f]8 !$ nfv (# xhf/ 36]sf] 5 .
34. df]afOn ;]jf gjLs/0f – b"/;~rf/ lgodfjnL, @)%$ sf] lgod !) df PseGbf a9L JolQm b"/;~rf/
;]jf k|bfg ug{ of]Uo b]lvPdf k|flws/0fn] tL ;a}nfO{ cg'dltkq b:t'/, gjLs/0f b:t'/ / /f]oN6Lsf]
;DaGwdf a9fa9 ug{ ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L cg'dltkq b:t'/, cg'dltkq klxnf]k6s gjLs/0f ubf{
a'emfpg] b:t'/ / cg'dltkqsf] cjlwe/ a'emfpg saf]n u/]sf] /f]oN6L /sd lx;fa ubf{ ;a}eGbf a9L
/sd a'emfpg saf]n ug{]nfO{ cg'dltkq lbg'kg{] pNn]v 5 . g]kfn 6]lnsdn] df]afOn ;]jfsf]
cg'dltkq k|lt:kwf{sf] cfwf/df o:t} k|s[ltsf] ;]jf ;~rfng ug]{ sDkgLn] saf]n u/]sf] cg'dltkq /
gjLs/0f b:t'/ tyf /f]oN6L a'emfpg] zt{df cg'dltkq k|fKt u/]sf] / k|lt:kwf{af6 5flgPsf] lghL
If]qsf] df]afOn ;]jf k|bfosn] gjLs/0f b:t'/ ?=@) ca{ a'emfpg saf]n u/L ;]jf ;~rfngsf]
cg'dltkq k|fKt u/]sf] x'Fbf lgodfjnLsf] Joj:yfcg';f/ cg'dltkq b:t'/, klxnf] k6ssf] gjLs/0f
b:t'/ / /f]oN6Lsf] ;du| /sdsf] cfwf/df a9L sjf]n ug{]nfO{ cg'dltkq lbPsf]n] klxnf]k6s gjLs/0f
ug{ k|lt:kw{fTds ljlw to u/]kZrft csf]{ k|To]s k6ssf] gjLs/0fsf nflu ;f]xL b:t'/ x'g'kg{]
b]lvPsf]n] g]kfn 6]lnsdaf6 bf];|f] k6ssf] @)&!.%.!% df gjLs/0f ubf{ bflvnf u/]sf] ?=!* s/f]8
() nfv ;dfof]hg u/L afFsL ?=!( ca{ *! s/f]8 !) nfv gjLs/0f b:t'/ c;'n ug{'kb{5 .
35. aSof}tf – g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0fn] cg'dltkq / gjLs/0f b:t'/ tyf u|fdL0f b"/;~rf/ ljsf;
sf]ifnufotsf] /sd sfo{tflnsf adf]lhd c;'n ug'{kb{5 . k|flws/0fn] of] jif{ @ ;]jf k|bfosaf6
gjLs/0f b:t'/ ?=%) s/f]8 % nfv / csf]{ @ ;]jf k|bfosaf6 u|fdL0f b"/;~rf/ ljsf; sf]if b:t'/
?=# s/f]8 @( nfv (( xhf/;d]t ?=%# s/f]8 #$ nfv (( xhf/ c;'n u/]sf] 5}g . ;]jf k|bfossf]
pks/0f cfoft /f]Ssf ug{], ;]jf /f]Ssf ug{] / cg'dltkq vf/]h;Ddsf] sfo{ ug{] If]qflwsf/ /xFbf /xFb}
c;'npk/ ug{ k|efjsf/L sbd rfn]sf] b]lvPg . pQm gjLs/0f aSof}tf /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .

36. ;]jf ;~rfng – b"/;~rf/ P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf $& df s'g} JolQmn] cg'dlt glnO{ b"/;~rf/ ;]jf
;~rfng u/]df k|flws/0fn] % nfv ?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf u/L To:tf] sfo{ aGb ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 .
To;}u/L b"/;~rf/ lgodfjnL, @)%$ df cg'dlt k|fKt b"/;~rf/ ;]jf k|bfosn] s'n cfDbfgLsf] $
k|ltztn] x'g] /sd /f]oN6L afkt / @ k|ltztn] x'g] /sd u|fdL0f b"/;~rf/ ljsf; z'Nsafkt bflvnf
ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . Ps OG6/g]6 ;]jf k|bfosn] pkTosf aflx/ @)^#.^$ b]lv !@ zfvf vf]nL
;~rfng u/]sf] ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L olsg ug'{kb{5 .
37. k/fdz{ ;]jf – g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0f vl/b ljlgodfjnL, @)&# sf] ljlgod @) df lgd{f0f sfo{,
dfn;fdfg / cGo ;]jf jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] ?= % nfv;Dd nfut cg'dfg eP l;w} / ?= @) nfv;Dd
nfut cg'dfg ePdf l;naGbL b/efpkqaf6 vl/b ug{'kg{] / ljlgod !!@ df Ps cfly{s jif{df Ps}
k6s jf k6s k6s u/L ;LdfeGbf a9L /sdsf] jf Pp6} JolQm sDkgL kmd{ jf ;+:yfaf6 Ps
k6seGbf a9L l;w} vl/b ug{ g;lsg] Joj:yf 5 . k|flws/0fn] of] jif{ * zLif{sdf %& k6s k/fdz{
;]jf vl/b u/L ?=# s/f]8 (# nfv * xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . k/fdz{ ;]jfdWo] Ps u}/ ;/sf/L
;+:yf;Fu ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] cg'udg ug{ ?=* nfv &) xhf/, Ps k|f=ln=;Fu ?=* nfv *# xhf/,
cfkm\g} hgzlQmaf6 ;DkGg x'g ;Sg] sfdsf] ?=!) nfv ^^ xhf/ / lgoldt sd{rf/Laf6 ;DkGg x'g
;Sg] sfddf ?=#* nfv &! xhf/, u|fdL0f b"/;~rf/ kl/of]hgf cg'udg ug{ Pp6} sfo{nfO{ @ k6s
l;w} jftf{åf/f ?=( nfv () xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] 5 . ctM ljlgoddf ePsf] Joj:yf kfngf u/L
cfjZostfsf] cfwf/df dfq k/fdz{ ;]jf lng'kb{5 .
38. u|fdL0f b"/;~rf/ ljsf; sf]if – b"/;~rf/ P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf #) df u|fdL0f If]qdf b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf]
ljsf;, lj:tf/ / ;~rfngsf nflu k|flws/0fn] Ps sf]if v8f ug{] / cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] k|fKt
u/]sf] jflif{s cfosf] b'O{ k|ltztn] x'g cfpg] /sd ;f] sf]ifdf hDdf ug{'kg{] Joj:yf 5 . k|flws/0fn]
u|fdL0f b"/;~rf/ ljsf; sf]ifsf] 5'§} jf;nft / cfoJoo ljj/0f tof/ u/]sf] 5}g . u|fdL0f b"/;~rf/
ljsf; sf]ifsf] z'? df}Hbft ?=!% ca{ *% s/f]8 *^ nfv /x]sf]df of] jif{ ?=# ca{ @$ s/f]8 #( nfv
cfDbfgL ePsf]df ?=! ca{ @$ s/f]8 !@ nfv vr{ e} ?=!& ca{ *^ s/f]8 !# nfv xhf/ df}Hbft
lhDd]jf/L ;/]sf] 5 . sf]if kl/rfng u/L clK6sn kmfOa/ la5\ofpg / nlIft ;d"x;Dd lgMz'Ns
OG6/g]6 ;]jf k'¥ofpg k|flws/0fn] @)&$.&% ;Dd ljleGg ;]jf k|bfos;Fu !$ Kofs]hdf ? !@ ca{
%& s/f]8 #& nfvsf] ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgcg';f/ 5gM
38.1. clK6sn kmfOa/ g]6js{dfk{mt ;"rgf dxfdfu{ lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfng cGtu{t dWokxf8L nf]sdfu{sf]
cf;kf;sf lhNnf ;b/d'sfd, gu/kflnsf / pQ/–blIf0f /fhdfu{df clK6sn kmfOa/ ;~hfn
;~rfng ug{ # v08df ljefhg u/L nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ k|lt ls=ld= klxnf] Kofs]hdf ?=@!
nfv $% xhf/, bf];|f] Kofs]hdf ?=!$ nfv !& xhf/ / t];|f] Kofs]hdf ?=!$ nfv #) xhf/sf] nfut
sfod u/]sf] ;DaGwdf ;f]sf] cfwf/ :ki6 5}g .
38.2. k|flws/0fsf] vl/b ljlgodfjnL, @)&# sf] ljlgod #^ df ?=@) nfveGbf a9Lsf] lgdf{0f sfo{
k|lt:kwf{sf dfWodaf6 u/fpg'kg]{df e"sDk clt k|efljt l;Gw'kfNrf]s, sfe|]knf~rf]s, g'jfsf]6 /
/;'jfsf] &$& :yfgdf %!@ KBPS a|f]8Jof08 g]6js{ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg g]kfn 6]lnsd;Fu l;w}
jftf{åf/f ;Demf}tf u/L ?=@! s/f]8 !^ nfv e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 .
38.3. e"sDk k|efljt bf]nvf, /fd]5fk, l;Gw'nL / cf]vn9'Ëfsf] &!^ :yfgdf %!@ s]aLkLP; a|f]8Jof08
g]6js{ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg Ps sDo'lgs];g k|f=ln=;Fu ;Demf}tf u/L ?=@# s/f]8 %) nfv e'QmfgL
u/]sf] 5 . @)&%.(.!) df :ynut lg/LIf0f ubf{ @@ :yfgdf ;]jf ;~rfngdf g/x]sf], Go"gtd
dfkb08 %!@ s]aLkLP; gk'u]sf], @)&%.(.!) df Pgcf];L k/LIf0f ubf{ $%! :yfgdf ;]jf ;~rfng
ePsf] b]lvPg . o:t} e"sDk k|efljt uf]/vf, wflbª / dsjfgk'/sf] %&( :yfgdf %!@ s]aLkLP;
a|f]8Jof08 ;]jf ;~rfng ug{ Ps OG6/g]6 ;]jf k|bfos;Fu ?=@) s/f]8 & nfvdf ;Demf}tf u/L
e'QmfgL u/]sf]df @)&%.(.! df Pgcf];L k/LIf0f ubf{ @#@ :yfgdf OG6/g]6 ;]jf ;~rfng /x]sf]
b]lvPg .

p2]Zocg'?k ;]jf ;~rfng ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 . ;f]sf] nflu lgoldt cg'udg k|ltj]bg
lnO{ ;]jfu|fxL / :yfgLo txaf6 ;d]t ;]jf ;~rfng ePsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltj]bg lnO{ ;]jf ;~rfng
gePsf] cj:yfsf] e'QmfgL lbg gldNg] /sd olsg u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
38.4. k|flws/0fn] u08sL k|b]z / % gDa/ k|b]zdf clK6sn kmfOa/ laR5\ofpg] sfo{sf nflu Ps 6]lnsd
lnld6]8;Fu @)&$.!.@% df ?=@ ca{ ! s/f]8sf] ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . clK6sn kmfOa/ laR5\ofpg]
sfo{sf] cfzokq dfu ul/;s]kl5 af]nkq sfuhftsf] a'Fbf !&=! df ePsf] k|fjwfg ænuftf/ kl5Nnf]
tLg jif{ ljQLo gf]S;fgL g/x]sf]Æ x6fpg] lg0f{o u/L tyf g]6 clg{Ë C0ffTds ePsf] / k|fljlws?kdf
;Ifd gePsf] ;]jf k|bfos 5gf}6 u/]sf] b]lvG5 . af]nkqsf] d"NofÍgaf6 5flgPkl5 pQm sDkgLn]
HjfOG6 e]Gr/ ug{ :jLs[lt dfu u/]adf]lhd k|flws/0fn] @)&$.*.# df :jLs[lt k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . ctM
5gf}6 k|lqmofdf ;]jf k|bfossf] d"NofÍg q'l6k"0f{ /x]sf] tyf 5gf}6 eO{ ;s]kl5 af]nkqsf] dd{ ljk/Lt
HjfOG6 e]Gr/ ug{ :jLs[lt lbPsf] pko'Qm b]lvPg .
38.5. g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0f vl/b ljlgodfjnL, @)&# sf] ljlgod *) cg';f/ af]nkqsf] d"NofÍg
sfuhftdf pNn]v ePsf] cfwf/ / tl/sfcg';f/ hfFr ubf{ plNnlvt of]Uotfcg'?k ePsf] kfOPdf
To:tf af]nkq ;f/e"t?kdf k|efju|fxL x'g] Joj:yf 5 . k|flws/0fn] s0ff{nL k|b]z / ;'b"/klZrd
k|b]zdf clK6sn kmfOa/ la5\ofpg] sfo{sf] af]nkq;DaGwL sfuhftdf k|flws/0fnfO{ a'emfpg'kg{]
;Dk"0f{ z'Ns a'emfPsf] / @)&!.&@ sf] cfos/ r'Qmf x'g'kg]{ pNn]v u/]sf] b]lvG5 . k|flws/0fsf]
lk|mSj]G;L zfvfn] k|df0fLt u/L pknAw u/fPsf] sfuhftcg';f/ af]nkq bflvnf ug]{ clGtd
@)&$.!.@( ;Dd lk|mSj]G;L ?=!! s/f]8 $! nfv ^) xhf/ / cg'dltkq b:t'/ ?=#% s/f]8 aSof}tf
/x]sf af]nkqbftfsf] af]nkq ;f/e"t?kdf k|efju|fxL /x]sf] b]vfO{ Ps b"/;~rf/ ;]jf k|bfos;Fu ?=#
ca{ ($ nfvsf] ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . af]nkq cfj]bg ug{] clGtd ldltdf aSof}tf /x]sf] ;]jf
k|bfos;Fu ;Demf}tf u/L @)&$.^.#) df df]lanfOh];g k]ZsL ?= ^) s/f]8 !* nfv *) xhf/
pknAw u/fPsf] / @)&$.&.! df gjLs/0f b:t'/ ?=#% s/f]8 bflvnf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . af]nkqsf]
sfuhftcg';f/ of]Uotf gk'u]sf] ;]jf k|bfos;Fu k|flws/0fsf] vl/b ljlgodfjnL @)&# / ;fj{hlgs
vl/b P]g tyf lgodfjnL k|lts'n x'g] u/L u/]sf] ;Demf}tf 5fglag u/L lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/LnfO{
sf/afxL ug{'kb{5 .
g]kfn 6]lnlehg, @)&$.&%
g]kfn 6]lnlehg ;~rf/ ;+:yf P]g ,@)@* cGtu{t æljsf;sf] nflu ;~rf/Æ eGg] gf/fsf ;fy @)$!
;fndf :yfkgf eO{ ;~rfngdf cfPsf]df xfn k"0f{ l8lh6n k|ljlwaf6 k|;f/0f k|f/De u/]sf] 5 .
39. ljQLo l:ylt / ;+rfng glthf – ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf s'n l:y/ ;DklQ of] jif{ !!=%) k|ltztn] j[l¢
eO{ ?=! ca{ ($ s/f]8 k'u]sf], rfn' ;DklQ ?=! ca{ *) s/f]8 k'u]sf], rfn' bfloTj ?=%$ s/f]8 #$
k'u]sf] b]lvG5 eg] hf/L tyf r'Qmf ;]o/ k'FhL (=%^ k|ltztn] j[l¢ eO{ ?=# ca{ !^ s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 .
6]lnlehgsf] ;l~rt gf]S;fgL ut jif{ ?=! ca{ @% s/f]8 /x]sf]df *=@# k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ ?=! ca{
#^ s/f]8 /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf of] jif{ laqmLdf !=#^ k|ltztn] j[l¢ eO{ ?=#* s/f]8 %@
nfv k'u]sf] b]lvG5 eg] v'b gf]S;fgL ?=!! s/f]]8 @% nfv /x]sf] 5 .
40. Jofkf/ ;dfof]hg lx;fa – 6]lnlehgsf] Jofkf/ ;dfof]hg zLif{scGtu{t Jofkf/ ;dfof]hg lx;fa ?=!
ca{ $ s/f]8 %! nfv #% xhf/ /x]sf]dWo] cfo n]vf zfvfsf] clen]vdf ?=#^ s/f]8 *$ nfv #^
xhf/ / n]vf zfvfsf] clen]vdf ?=@ s/f]8 $# nfv /x]sfn] b'O{ zfvfsf] clen]vdf ?=#$ s/f]8
$! nfv @& xhf/ km/s b]lvPsf] 5 . pQm km/s /sdsf] lx;fa ;dfof]hg u/L jf;nft tof/
ug'kb{5 .
41. aSof}tf – 6]lnlehgsf] nfdf] ;dob]lv p7\g afFsL cf;fdL ?=@% s/]f8 %$ nfv ^@ xhf/ 5 . ;f]
dWo] Ps lghL sDkgLn] k|fKt u/]sf] pwf/f] ;'ljwf / a}Í Uof/]06L /fv]sf] /sdeGbf a9L ?=! s/f]8 $@
nfv #% xhf/ /x]sf] 5 . pQm /sd c;'n ug{ a}s;Fu bfaL u/] tfklg k|fKt ePsf] 5}g . pQm /sd
;DalGwt ;+:yfaf6 c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
g]kfn b"/;~rf/ sDkgL lnld6]8 -g]kfn 6]lsnd_, @)&$.&%
o; sDkgLn] ;fljsdf b"/;~rf/ ;+:yfgsf] gfdaf6 b"/;~rf/ ;]jf pknJw u/fpFb} cfPsf]df @)^!
j}zfv ! b]lv g]kfn b"/;~rf/ sDkgL lnld6]8df kl/0ft eO{ ;]jf pknJw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . ;+:yfg
sDkgLdf ?kfGt/0f eP kl5 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] (!=$(, gful/s nufgL sf]ifsf] )=)# / ;j{;fwf/0fsf] *=$*
k|ltzt z]o/ :jfldTj /x]sf] 5 . sDkgLsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg cg';f/ @)&% cfiff9 d;fGtdf cfwf/e"t
6]lnkmf]g, lh=P;=Pd, l;=l8=Pd=P ;d]t EjfO; ;]jfsf] u|fxs ! s/f]8 (( nfv *) xhf/ / ahf/ lx:;f %)=(
k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L 8f6f ;]jfsf] u|fxs ;+Vof ! s/f]8 * nfv *# xhf/ / ahf/ lx:;f $#=^ k|ltzt
/x]sf] b]lvG5 .
42. ljQLo l:ylt tyf ;~rfng glthf – 6]lnsdsf] @)&% cfiff9 d;fGtdf z]o/ k'FhL ?= !% ca{ /
hu]8f sf]if tyf ;l~rt gfkmf ?= *$ ca{ ^^ s/f]8 %! nfv;d]t s'n k'FhL ? (( ca{ ^^ s/f]8 %!
nfv /x]sf] b]lvG5 . rfn' bfloTj tyf Joj:yf ?=!& ca{ @ s/f]8 $) nfv /x]sf] 5 . l:y/ ;DklQ ?=
^! ca{ *^ s/f]8 %@ nfv / rfn' ;DklQ ?=&) ca{ @ s/f]8 &) nfv;d]t s"n ;DklQ ?=! va{ #!
ca{ *( s/f]8 @@ nfv /x]sf] 5 . ut jif{ ?=!% ca{ #& s/f]8 @* nfv gfkmf /x]sf]df of] jif{ ?=!&
ca{ $* s/f]8 #* nfv gfkmf ePsf] 5 . sDkgLsf] dxTjk"0f{ cg'kftx?sf] l:ylt b]xfo cg';f/ /x]sf]
5M
qm=;+= cg'kft cfwf/ 2071/72 2072/73 2073/74 2074/75
1 v'b gfkmf k|ltzt 34.14 30.65 34.47 38.62
2 OlSj6Ldf nfe k|ltzt 17.98 16.26 16.83 17.54
3 rfn' ;DklQ bfloTj cg'kft 3.94 3.88 4.22 4.11
4 ;~rfng dflh{g k|ltzt 56.82 52.10 57.77 58.95
5 k|ltz]o/ cfDbfgL ? 97.04 90.36 102.49 116.56
6 z]o/ d"No cfDbfgL cg'kft 6.55 7.62 6.60 6.19
cg'kft ljZn]if0f ubf{ ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf v'b gfkmfdf j[l4 ePsf] / k|lt z]o/ d'gfkmf
a9]sf] 5 . gfkmf a9] klg z]o/sf] ahf/ d"Nodf sdL cfPsf]n] ljut b'O{ jif{df z]o/ d"No cfDbfgL
36]sf] b]lvG5 .
43. nfut nfe ljZn]if0f – b"/;~rf/ ;]jf ;~rfngsf nflu @)&% cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd b]zsf ljleGg
:yfgdf ! xhf/ $ 6]lnkmf]g PS;r]Gh ;~rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ . sDkgLn] :yfkgf u/]sf 6]lnkmf]g
PS;r]Gh @)&@ df %^$, @)&# df ^$), @)&$ df &$% / @)&% df ! xhf/ $ k'u]sf] 5 .
sDkgLn] 6]lnkmf]g PS;r]Ghx?sf] :yfkgf ubf{ nfut nfe ljZn]if0f u/]sf] 5}g . w]/} PS;r]Ghdf
u|fxsx?sf] ;+Vof Go"g eO{ pkof]u;d]t sd /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . xfnsf] cj:yfdf a]l;s 6]lnkmf]g
;]jfsf nflu gofF PS;r]Ghsf] :yfkgf ug]{ sfo{ k|fljlws / cfly{s lx;fan] pko'Qmtfsf]] ljZn]if0f u/L
cfjZos lg0f{o lng'kb{5 .
44. k|lt u|fxs cfDbfgL – k|ljlwsf] ljsf;;Fu} 8f6f ;]jf k|of]u ug]{ u|fxssf] ;+Vof a9\b} uPsf] 5 .
u|fxsnfO{ tLj| ultsf] 8f6f ;]jf pknJw u/fpg cGo ;]jf k|bfosn] hf]8 lbg] u/]sf 5g\ . kmf]/hL–
Pnl6O{ tyf Pkml6l6Pr ;]jf lj:tf/df ePsf] l9nfOsf sf/0f u|fxssf] dfucg';f/ tLj| ultsf]
OG6/g]6 ;lxtsf] ;]jf k|bfg ug{ g;Sbf k|lt u|fxs cfDbfgL 36\b} uPsf] b]lvG5 . sDkgLn] k|bfg
u/]sf ljleGg ;]jfsf] ljut # jif{sf] k|lt u|fxs cfDbfgL lgDgfg';f/] 5 M
k|lt u|fxs k|lt dlxgf cfDbfgL ?= kl/jt{g ePsf] k|ltzt
;]jf
@)&@÷&# @)&#÷&$ @)&$÷&% @)&#÷&$ @)&$÷&%
hLP;Pd !$&=#& !#%=%& !!*=(@ -*=)!_ -!@=@*_
l;l8PdP &#=@^ %(=!^ $%=)( -!(=@%_ -@#=&*_
jfODofS; !,@)!=!^ %!(=^! #&)=*% -%^=&$_ -@*=^#_
lkP;l6og $)&=$$ #*$=$@ #%)=@$ -%=^%_ -*=*(_
Pl8P;on &()=&! &@%=!% %@(=)( -*=@(_ -@&=)$_
lnh nfOg &,!(#=!$ ^,^$!=^@ @,%*)=)) -&=^&_ -^!=!%_
Pkml6l6Pr – $*&=^$ ##(=)( – -#)=$^_
sDkgLn] gofF k|ljlwsf] k|of]uaf6 kmf]/hL–Pnl6O{, Pkml6l6Pr h:tf u|fxssf] rfxgf / dfu
cg';f/sf] ;]jf lj:tf/ u/L cfDbfgL j[l4 ug'{kb{5 .
45. sf]if Joj:yfkg – sDkgLsf] ljleGg a}Í tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf ?= &) ca{eGbf a9L sn tyf d'2tL
lgIf]k /x]sf] 5 . nufgLsf nflu j}slNks pkfox?sf] cjnDag ug{ ;s]df sf]if Joj:yfkgaf6 k|fKt
x'g] cfDbfgL j[l4 x'g] b]lvG5 .
46. Pkml6l6Pr ;]jf – c;Lldt 8f6f 6«fG;km/ Ifdtf ePsf] kmfOa/df cfwfl/t k|ljlw -Pkml6l6Pr_
lj:tf/ ug{] sfo{ @)^&÷^* df z'? u/]tfklg ;f] of]hgfcGtu{t @)&) b]lv sf7df8f}Fsf] ;'Gwf/f /
gS;fn PS;r]Gh If]qdf dfq ;]jf l;ldt ePsf] b]lvG5 . sDkgLn] @)&$÷&% df Pkml6l6Pr
;]jfnfO{ gofF ;]jfsf ?kdf z'? u/L $ jif{leq !) nfv nfOg ljt/0f ug]{ nIo /fv]sf] b]lvof] . ;f]
;]jf cGtu{t @)&% cfiff9 d;fGt;Dd ! nfv u|fxs agfpg] nIo /x]sf]df u|fxs ;+Vof ^&) dfq
/x]sf] b]lvG5 . xfnsf] kl/jlt{t cj:yfdf 8f6f, 6]lnkmf]g tyf OG6/g]6 6]lnlehg h:tf ;]jf Pp6}
;]jf k|bfosaf6 lbO{ u|fxssf] ;Gt'li6 j[l4 ug'{kg]{ cj:yfdf Pkml6l6Pr ;]jf lj:tf/df ePsf] l9nfOn]
sDkgLsf] ;]jf lj:tf/ tyf k|efjsfl/tfdf c;/ kg{] b]lvG5 . xfn;Ddsf] Pkml6l6Pr ;]jf lj:tf/sf]
k|ult ;Gtf]ifhgs g/x]sfn] u|fxssf] rfxgf / dfu cg';f/sf] u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf pknJw u/fpg
/0fgLlts of]hgf agfO{ sfof{Gjog ug'{ kb{5 .
47. jfODofS; of]hgf – jfO{DofS; -tf//lxt k|ljlwjf6 8f6f 6«fG;km/ ug]{ k|ljlw ;]jf_ ;~rfngsf nflu
@)^*.!!.# df cfk"t{s;+u ;Demf}tf eO{ cd]l/sL 8n/ ! s/f]8 @% nfv *^ xhf/ $#$ d"Nosf]
k|ljlw vl/b u/]sf] b]lvG5 . 6]lnsdn] g]kfn h:tf] ljs6 ef}uf]lns cj:yf ePsf] b]zdf jfo/n];
k|ljlwdf pRr ultsf] 8f6f k|of]usf nflu jfODofS; ;]jf pko'Qm x'g] b]lvPsfn] of] k|ljlw vl/b
u/]sf] pNn]v 5 . of] k|ljlw ;~rfng;DaGwL :ki6 Jofkfl/s of]hgf agfO{ nfu" u/]sf] b]lvPg . of]
;]jf klxn] ufpFaf6 z'? ug]{ pNn]v ePsf]df sf7df8fF+} nufot 7"nf zx/af6 z'? u/]sf sf/0f
sDkgLn] g} k|bfg ul//x]sf] Pl8P;Pn ;]jf;Fu dfq k|lt:kwf{ x'g uPsf] b]lvG5 .
48. kmf]/hL÷Pn6LO{ ;]jf – sDkgLn] g]kfndf tLj| ult / pRr Ifdtfsf] 8f6f 6«fG;km/ ug]{ k|ljlwsf]
kmf]/hL–Pnl6O{ ;]jf xfn sf7df8f}F pkTosf / kf]v/fdf dfq k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . ljZjJofkL ?kdf ljut
!) jif{b]lv g} tLa| ultsf] 8f6f;lxtsf ;]jfsf] ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ e}/x]sf]df sDkgLn]
kmf]/hL÷Pnl6O{ ;]jf lj:tf/ ug{ of]hgf agfO{ nfu" u/]sf] 5}g . b]zJofkL ?kdf kmf]/hL÷Pnl6O{ ;]jf
lj:tf/sf nflu sDkgLn] @)&$.&. !% df k|:tfj dfu u/]klg ;f] sfo{n] ult lnPsf] 5}g . pRr
ultsf] 8f6f ;lxtsf] u'0f:tl/o ;]jf k|bfg ug{ sDkgLn] b]ze/ kmf]/hL÷Pnl6O{ ;]jf lj:tf/ ug'{kb5{ .
49. Aof08 ljy vl/b – sDkgLn] b"/;~rf/ ;]jf k|bfg ug{sf nflu cfjZos :of6nfO6 Aof08ljy ljb]zL
;]jfk|bfos sDkgLx?;Fu vl/b u/L sl/a && d]ufxh{ Aof08ljy pkof]u ul//xsf] 5 . tL ;]jf
k|bfos dWo] OG6]n:of6, rfOgf:of6 / s] 6L :of6sf] ;]jf z'Ns qmdzM cd]l/sL 8n/ @ xhf/ ^&@, @
xhf/ $&) / ! xhf/ %(& /x]sf] 5 . sDkgLn] OG6]n:of6;Fu Aofsck ln+ssf nflu !! d]ufxh{ tyf
cGo k|of]usf nflu !=^ d]ufxh{ Aof08ljy pkof]u ul//]xsf] 5 . pQm ;]jf k|bfos;Fu ;g\ @))& df
!% jif{sf nflu ;Demf}tf u/]sf] / ;Demf}tf vf/]h ug{ g;lsg] k|fjwfg /fv]sf sf/0f a9L d"No e'QmfgL
ul//x]sf] 5 . sDkgLn] e'QmfgL ul//x]sf] :of6nfO6 Aof08ljysf] ;]jf z'Ns cGo lghL ;]jf
k|bfosx?n] e'QmfgL u/]sf] eGbf a9L b]lvPsfn] ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ cj:yf 5 . 6]lnsdn] kmfOa/, dfOqmf]j]e
h:tf j}slNks pkfosf] cjnDag u/L :of6nfO6 Aof08ljysf nflu x'g] j}b]lzs d'b|f e'QmfgL Go"g
ug{ b]zdf cfˆg} :of6nfO6 /fVg] tkm{ cfjZos Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
50. PS;r]Ghx?sf] 6«flkms Joj:yfkg – df]afOn 6]lnsd sDkgLx?sf] cfDbfgL u|fxsx?sf] pkof]uaf6 x'g]
6«flkmssf] kl/df0fcg';f/ yk36 x'g] ub{5 . sDkgLsf] If]qLo sfof{no cGtu{t /x]sf a]; :6];gsf]
cToGt Go"g pkof]u ePsf] b]lvPsf]n] a]; :6];g tyf cGo pks/0fsf] clwstd pkof]u u/L a9L
eGbf a9L 6«flkms ;[hgf ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .

51. cGt/f{li6«o sn 6«flkms – ljZjJofkL?kdf gofF gofF k|ljlwsf] ljsf; tyf ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf]
ljsf;;+u} cGt/f{li6«o sn 6«flkms 36\b} u}/x]sf] 5 . g]kfn 6]lnsdsf] cfDbfgLdf ljutdf cGt/f{li6«o
sn cfDbfgLsf] 7'nf] lx::ff /x]sf]df @)&@.&#, @)&#.&$ / @)&$.&% df qmdzM ?=!!=$# ca{,
?=(=)# ca{ / ?=*=)$ ca{ cfDbfgL eO{ qmdzM cfDbfgL 36\b} uPsf] 5 . o;/L cGt/f{li6«o sn
cfDbfgLdf ePsf] sdLnfO{ k"/f ug{ gofF Jofkf/ /0fgLlt agfO{ nfu" ug'{kg]{ cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . o;sf
;fy} g]kfnaf6 aflx/ hfg] cGt/f{li6«o snsf nflu Go"gtd d"No nfUg] Sofl/o/dfkm{t k7fpg]
Joj:yfsf nflu Pnl;cf/ l;:6d h8fg ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
52. of]hgf sfof{Gjog – sDkgLn] ljutdf z'? u/]sf 7'nf cfof]hgf ;dod} ;DkGg ug{ g;s]sf sf/0f
gofF k|ljlwsf] pkof]u x'g g;sL u|fxsnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g . sDkgLn]
;Demf}tf u/] adf]lhd @)^(÷&) df z'? u/]sf] % xhf/ !$^ :yfgdf Ps s/f]8 lhP;Pd nfOg
lj:tf/ ug]{ sfo{ xfn;Dd ;DkGg u/]sf] 5}g . of]hgfsf] @)&% cfiff9 d;fGt ;Ddsf] pQm sfo{ k|ult
lgDgfg';f/ 5 M
;Demf}tf s"n ;fO6 ;DkGg
k|fh]S6 cfk"lt{stf{ s"n nfut l9nfO{ cj:yf
cjlw ;+Vof k|ltzt
Kofs]h æPÆ Ps 6]Sgf]nf]hL cd]l/sL 8n/ $%) lbg @,&$^ &(=&* @!=@@ k|ltzt afFsL /x]sf]
sDkgL &=%% s/f]8
Kofs]h Ps 6]Sgf]nf]hL cd]l/sL 8n/ #^) lbg @,$)) !)) ^!$ lbg l9nf ePsf]
æaLÆ sDkgL %=&^ s/f]8
;Demf}tf cg';f/sf] sfo{ ;dod} ;DkGg u/fO{ u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf pknJw u/fpg' kb{5 .
53. s]lkcfO{ kl/kfngf – sDkgLn] tof/ kf/]sf] k|ltj]bg cg';f/ ;a}h;f] Key Performance Indicator
(KPI) g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0fn] tf]ssf] dfkb08cg';f/ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . oL kl/;"rsx? g]6js{
dd{t;+ef/ ;DaGwL ;]jfk|bfos sDkgLn] tof/ kfg]{ / ;f]xL kl/;"rsnfO{ g]kfn 6]lnsdn] k|sflzt
u/]sf] b]lvG5 . g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0fn] k/LIf0f ubf{ sDkgLsf] g]6js{sf] u'0f:t/ lgwf{l/t dfkb08
eGbf lgs} sdhf]/ b]lvPsf] 5 . sDkgLn] cfˆgf] 6]lnkmf]g g]6js{sf] u'0f:t/ ;'wf/ u/L u|fxsnfO{
u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ;s]dfq cfDbfgLdf j[l4 x'g] / u|fxsn] u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf k|fKt ug]{ b]lvG5 .
g]6js{sf] u'0f:t/ sfod ug{ sDkgLn] cfjZos ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
54. lg0f{o / lgb]{zg sfof{Gjog – o; jif{ ;~rfns ;ldltdf Pkml6l6Pr, kmf]/hL÷Pnl6O{ / u|fdL0f
b"/;~rf/ ljsf; kl/of]hgfsf ljifodf s]lG›t eO{ 5nkmn tyf lg0f{o eP tfklg 7f]; kl/0ffd xfl;n
u/]sf] b]lvFb}g . kl/of]hgfx¿sf] ljZn]if0f tyf sfof{Gjogsf] cfjlws ¿kdf x'g] ;dLIff / ;'wf/sf]
sfo{ ;Gtf]ifhgs b]lv+Fb}g .
55. Ifdtf clej[l4 of]hgf – b]zdf ljBdfg tLa| k|lt:kwf{Tds ahf/sf] cfjZostf k"/f ug{ sDkgLn]
cfˆgf] ;]jfnfO{ gofF k|ljlwdf :t/f]Gglt u/L u|fxsnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ;s]df dfq ;+:yf
lbuf] /xg] b]lvG5 . o;sf nflu sDkgLn] kmf]/hL÷Pnl6O{ ;]jf / Pkm=6L=6L=Pr= ;]jfnfO{ oyfzL3|
b]zJofkL lj:tf/ ug{' kb{5 . of] sDkgL Ps ax';]jf k|bfos sDkgL /x]sf]n] k'/fgf k|ljlw x6fpFb} gofF
k|ljlwsf ;]jfx? k|bfg ug'{ kb{5 . o;n] lh=P;=Pd, k'/fgf k|lalw x6fpg ;+rfns ;ldltdf 5nkmn
gx'g'n] sDkgLsf] /0fgLlts of]hgf sdhf]/ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . Jofkfl/s ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/, ;fdlos dd{t
;Def/ Pj+ u|fxsx?sf] u'gf;f] nufotsf ljifox? ;dod} Joj:yfkg u/L k|ljlwdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g
tyf u|fxssf] dfu cg';f/ ;]jf ;~rfng ug'{kb{5 .
56. cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; – k|ljlwdf e}/x]sf] ljsf;nfO{ ;dod} cfTd;ft u/L cfˆgf u|fxsx?nfO{ l56f]
eGbf l56f] gofF ;]jfx? k|bfg ug{ sDkgLn] @)&$÷&% sf] sfo{qmddf ljZje/ Voflt k|fKt df]afOn
ljQLo ;]jfx? nfu' ug]{ pNn]v u/]sf] b]lvG5 . df]afOn ljQLo ;]jfx?sf] lj:tf/ tyf gub÷sf8{
a]u/sf] sf/f]jf/ w]/} ljsf; e};s]sf] 5 . t/ sDkgLn] df]afOn ljQLo ;]jfx? nfu' u/L ljZjdf
e}/x]sf] tLj| ljsf;sf] nfe g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ pknJw u/fpg ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g . sDkgL g]6js{
lj:tf/sf nflu 8«fOe 6]06 / cf/Pkm clK6dfOh]l;g h:tf sfo{ cf+lzs ?kdf z'?jft u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

gofF k|ljlw;+u} sDkgLn] g]6js{ lj:tf/nfO{ ljz]if dxTj lbO{ cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; sfo{ lgoldt
?kdf ;~rfng u/L u|fxsx?sf] rfxgfcg';f/ u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf k|bfg ug{' kg]{ b]lvG5 .
57. cf;fdL – sDkgLn] $ b"/;~rf/ ;]jf k|bfos sDkgLaf6 ? #% s/f]8 ^! nfv $ xhf/ lng afFsL
/x]sf] 5 . k|ltlglw ;efcGtu{tsf cy{ ;ldltn] @)&$.$.!& df pQm /sd c;'n u/L lx;fa /fkm
;fkm ug{ lgb]{zg lbP tfklg c;'n ePsf] b]lvPg . ;Demf}tfsf zt{adf]lhd c;'n gug]{
cg'udg tyf a]?h"

• cg'udg – ut ljutsf k|ltj]bgdf k|;f/0f Ohfht gjLs/0f gu/fPsf], k|lt:kwf{ gu/fO{ lk|mSj]G;L
afF8kmfF8 / ljt/0f u/]sf], lk||mSj]G;L gLltn] tf]s]adf]lhdsf] lk|mSj]G;L b:t'/ c;'n gu/]sf], /f]oN6L 36L
c;'n u/]sf], lj1fkg/lxt gLlt nfu" gu/]sf], x'nfs l6s6sf] df}Hbft a9L /fv]sf], Pgfnu k|0ffnLnfO{
k"0f{?kdf l8lh6n k|ljlwdf kl/jt{g gu/]sf], kqsf/ sNof0fsf]ifsf] /sd k|of]u gu/L k|To]s jif{ df}Hbft
lhDd]jf/L dfq ;fg]{ u/]sf] h:tf Joxf]/f cf}NofOPsf]df of] jif{ klg ;'wf/ ePsf] 5}g . ljutsf Joxf]/f
k'g/fj[lQ gx'g] u/L sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug'{kb{5 .
b]xfocg';f/ 5M
➢ ;/sf/L sfof{notkm{ ^( lgsfodf ?=! ca{ $% s/f]8 (% nfv ^& xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes
k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fPkl5 @ lgsfon] ?=^ nfv (! xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=! ca{ $% s/f]8 **
nfv &^ xhf/ afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=(@ nfv !* xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL lj:t[t
➢ ;+ul7t ;+:yf tyf cGo ;+:yftkm{ ?= (% nfv #^ xhf/ a]?h" afFsL b]lvPsf]df km5\of}{6 gu/]sf]n]
afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=( nfv #) xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"rL
!^ df 5 .

:jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno
dGqfnosf] sfo{ If]qdf :jf:Yo;DaGwL gLlt, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf] th'{df, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg /
d"NofÍg ug],{ :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;a} gful/ssf] ;xh kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug]{, u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{ k|of]udf
Nofpg] jftfj/0f k|Tofe"lt u/fpg], Pnf]Koflys, cfo'j]{lbs, xf]ldof]Koflys / o'gfgLh:tf lrlsT;f
k|0ffnL;DaGwL k|ltsf/fTds, k|j4{gfTds, pkrf/fTds, k'gM :yfkgf, cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; ug]{, gl;{ª xf]d,
lghL tyf ;fd'bflos c:ktfnsf] lgodg ug]{, cf}iflwsf] cg';Gwfg, pTkfbg, u'0f:t/ lgwf{/0f, d"No lgwf{/0f
nufotsf sfo{ /x]sf] 5 . dGqfno ;d]t #)( lgsfoaf6 ;]jf k|jfx x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
dGqfno / dftxt lgsfosf] ljlgof]hg ?=@& ca{ (* s/f]8 $( nfv, /fh:j ?=%! s/f]8 % nfv,
w/f}6L ?=$! s/f]8 ^^ nfv / cGo sf/f]af/ ?=@ ca{ $! s/f]8 !) nfv;d]t ?=#! ca{ #@ s/f]8 #) nfvsf]
n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;ldlt tyf cGo ;+:yf;d]t !@$ sf] ?=## ca{ % s/f]8 (@ nfvsf]
n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
1. :jf:Yo gLlt sfof{Gjog – /fli6«o :jf:Yo gLlt, @)&! cg';f/ ;a} gful/snfO{ ;xh / k|efjsf/L
?kdf u'0f:t/Lo Pj+ cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jf lgMz'Ns ?kdf pknAw u/fpg] gLltcg';f/ &) k|sf/sf
cf}iflw lgMz'Ns ljt/0f ug]{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng eP tfklg cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jf lgMz'Ns pknAw x'g
;s]sf] 5}g . ;a} :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf ;a} k|sf/sf cf}iflwsf] pknAwtf gePsf]n] pQm sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L
?kdf ;~rfng x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;j{;'ne Pj+ k|efjsf/L ?kdf :jf:Yo ;]jf k|jfx ug{ cfjZos bIf
hgzlQmsf] of]hgf, pTkfbg, k|flKt, ljsf; tyf pkof]u ug]{ gLlt /x]sf]df hgzlQm pTkfbgfy{
d]l8sn sn]h / k|lti7fgsf] :yfkgf eP klg clwsf+z :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf lrlsT;s, kf/fd]l8S;, g;{
nufotsf kb l/Qm /x]sf]n] k"0f{ sfof{Gjog gePsf] cj:yf 5 .
e"uf]n / hg;+Vofsf] cg'kftdf #) ldg]6sf] b"/Ldf Ps ufpF Ps :jf:Yo ;+:yf, @) xhf/
hg;+Vofdf ! k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb| / ! nfv hg;+Vofsf] nflu @% zøofsf] c:ktfn lgdf{0f ug]{ gLlt
k"0f{?kdf sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . cf}iflwsf] pTkfbgdf b]znfO{ cfTdlge{/ agfpg] pNn]v eP
tfklg of] jif{ ?=@% ca{ *! s/f]8sf] cf}iflw cfoft ePsf]n] cfTdlge{/ x'g ;s]sf] b]lvPg . ctM
:jf:Yo gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf dfWodaf6 :jf:Yo ;]jf k|jfx ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
2. cfjlws of]hgfsf] nIo k|ult – rf}wf}F of]hgf -@)&#.&$–@)&%.&^_ df :jf:Yo If]qdf kl/df0ffTds
nIo tf]lsPsf]df lgDgfg';f/ 36L k|ult ePsf] ljj/0f k|fKt ePsf] 5M
@)&$.&% @)&$.&% @)&$.&% @)&$.&%
;"rs ;"rs
nIo k|ult nIo k|ult
8LkL6L / x]kf6fOl6; vf]k k|fKt
s'n k|hgg\ b/ 2 2.3 ug]{ afnaflnsf -k|ltzt_ 93 79.1
kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf] cfw'lgs ;fwg kfFr jif{d'lgsf aRrfsf] d[To'b/
k|of]u b/ -k|ltzt_ 55 39.4 -k|lt xhf/ hLljt hGddf_ 34 39
:jf:Yo ;+:yfdf k|;"lt ;]jfsf] dft[ d[To'b/ -k|lt nfv hLljt
pkof]u -k|ltzt_ 65 51.1 hGddf_ 148 239
:jf:YosdL{åf/f k|;"lt ;]jf k|fKt jflif{s gofF PrcfOeL ;ª\qmldt
ug]{ -k|ltzt_ 65 52.8 /f]uL -;+Vof_ 1200 1618
kfFr jif{d'lgsf afnaflnsfdf bfb'/f vf]k k|fKt ug]{ afnaflnsf
ePsf] k'8\sf]kgf -k|ltzt_ 34 36 -k|ltzt_ 90 78.8
le6fldg P k|fKt ug]{ ue{jtL cf}nf]/f]u kQf nfu]sf] la/fdL -
dlxnf -k|ltzt_ 65 38.4 ;+Vof_ 1000 1229

:jf:Yo ;]jf k|jfxdf sdL sdhf]/L /x]sf] sf/0faf6 :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf k|;"lt ;]jfsf] pkof]u
%!=! k|ltzt, :jf:YosdL{dfk{mt k|;"lt ;]jf lng] %@=* k|ltzt, le6fldg P k|fKt ug]{ ue{jtL dlxnf
#*=$ k|ltzt, kfFr jif{d'lgsf aRrfsf] d[To'b/ -k|lt xhf/ hLljt hGddf_ #( hgf, dft[ d[To'b/ -k|lt
nfv hLljt hGddf_ @#( hgf /x]sf] b]lvFbf d'Vo
;"rsdf tf]s]sf] nIo k|fKt x'g ;s]sf] b]lvPg . ctM of] jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 d'VotM :jf:Yo
cfjlws of]hgfsf] nIo k|fKt ug{ yk k|of; ug'{kg]{ gLlt cf+lzs ?kdf sfof{Gjog ePsf],
b]lvG5 . :jf:Yo If]qsf] kl/df0ffTds nIo
3. ah]6 sfof{Gjog – cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% sf] ah]6 ck]Iffs[t ?kdf xfl;n gePsf], lghL
jQmJodf pNn]v ePadf]lhd k|To]s gful/sn] cfly{s If]qsf c:ktfnsf] cg'udg k|efjsf/L
cefjdf cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo pkrf/af6 jl~rt x'g'kg]{ gePsf], :jf:Yo s/ sf]ifdf tf]lsP
cj:yfsf] cGTo ug{ %) lhNnfdf /fli6\o :jf:Yo aLdf adf]lhd /sd k|fKt gePsf], dfkb08
of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug]{ pNn]v ePsf]df #( lhNnfdf adf]lhd d]l8sn sn]h ;~rfng
dfq nfu' ePsf] 5 . d'n'sdf ljz]if1 lrlsT;s;lxtsf] gePsf], z'Ns lgwf{/0f gePsf], j}b]lzs
cTofw'lgs :jf:Yo ;]jf pknAw u/fpg jL/ ;xfotfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fPsf] cj:yf
c:ktfnnfO{ cGt/f{li6\o:t/sf] ;'ljwf ;DkGg b]lvPsf] 5 .
c:ktfnsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ u'?of]hgf tof/L ug]{
pNn]v ePsf]df u'?of]hgf tof/ geP tfklg ;lh{sn lalN8usf] lgdf{0f z'? ePsf] 5 .
u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{ yk lj:tf/ ug{ ;/sf/L, lghL / ;xsf/L If]qsf :jf:Yo ;+:yf;Fu
;fe]mbf/L sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ tyf :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/ lgodg ug{ hg:jf:Yo ljw]os k]; ug]{
pNn]v ePsf]df ;f] ;DaGwL P]g tof/L eP tfklg cf}iflw P]g, @)#% kl/dfh{g ug]{ sfo{ ePsf] 5}g .
;/sf/L 5fqj[lQdf Pd=8L= / Pd=P;= u/]sf ljz]if1 lrlsT;snfO{ tf]s]sf] cjlw;Dd b'u{d If]qdf
clgjfo{ ;]jf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ug]{ pNn]v eP tfklg ;f];DaGwL lgb]{lzsf ;+zf]wgsf] k|lqmofdf /x]sf]
pNn]v 5 .
ah]6 jQmJodf ;dfj]z ePsf pko'{Qm sfo{qmd k"0f{?kdf sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . :jLs[t
ah]6 adf]lhd sfo{ ;~rfng ug'{kb{5 .
4. k|fljlws ;xfotf – Joj:yflksf–;+;b;dIf k]; u/]sf] @)&$.&% sf] ah]6 jQmJosf] k|fljlws
;xfotfsf] ljj/0fdf of] jif{ !) bftfaf6 @# sfo{qmdsf] nflu ?=% ca{ @! s/f]8 ^% nfv ;xfotf
k|fKt x'g] pNn]v 5 . k|fljlws ;xfotfcGt{ut ePsf] vr{sf] ljj/0f dfu ul/Psf]df pknAw ePg .
k|fljlws ;xfotfcGt{ut ePsf] vr{sf] ljj/0f k]; u/L n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg'kb{5 .
5. cg'dlt Pj+ ;~rfng – dGqfnoaf6 utjif{ d'n'se/ lhNnf c:ktfn / ;f] ;/xsf &# c:ktfn,
If]qLo, pkIf]qLo, c~rn / ;f] ;/xsf !% c:ktfn, s]Gb|Lo:t/sf !$ c:ktfn, !$ d]l8sn sn]h, &
ld;g c:ktfn / lghL ;fd'bflos / ;xsf/L $!% ;d]t %#* c:ktfn ;~rfngdf /x]sf] / zøof
;+Vof #) xhf/ @*& /x]sf] ljj/0f k]; ePsf]df of] jif{ ;f];DaGwL ljj/0f k]; x'g cfPg . dGqfnosf]
cg'udg sfo{ If]qleq kg]{ @@ / ljefusf] sfo{ If]qleq kg]{ *& c:ktfnsf] dfq cg'udg tyf
gjLs/0f;DaGwL ljj/0f k]; ePsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f b]xfocg';f/ 5g\M
5.1. :jf:Yo ;+:yf :yfkgf, ;~rfng tyf :t/f]Gglt dfkb08 ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&) sf] a'+bf g+= #) df
lghL:t/df ;~rfng x'g] :jf:Yo ;+:yfn] lng] ;]jf z'Ns lgwf{/0f ug{ :jf:Yo dGqfnosf ;lrjsf]
cWoIftfdf ;]jf z'Ns lgwf{/0f ;ldlt u7g x'g] Joj:yf 5 . c:ktfnx?n] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jfsf] z'Ns
;DaGwL dfkb08 lgwf{/0f u/]sf] kfOPg . ;/sf/L c:ktfndf ;fdfGo a]8 lgMz'Ns jf ?=@ ;o;Dd
z'Ns /x]sf]df lghL If]qsf c:ktfnn] k|lta]8 ?=! xhf/ %)) lng] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;/sf/L
c:ktfnsf] cfO{=;L=o"=sf] z'Ns k|ltlbg ?=! xhf/b]lv ?=# xhf/;Dd /x]sf]df lghL c:ktfnn] ?=*
xhf/ %)) b]lv ?=@! xhf/;Dd lng] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . c:ktfnx?n] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jfsf] ;'ljwf / z'Ns
;DaGwL dfkb08 lgwf{/0f ul/g'kb{5 .
5.2. cg'dlt k|fKt ;/sf/L tyf lghL If]qdf ;~rflnt c:ktfnx?n] s'n zøofsf] bz k|ltzt zøofdf
clgjfo{ ?kdf lgMz'Ns pkrf/ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg'kg]{ tyf krf; zøofeGbf a9L Ifdtf ePsf
c:ktfndf gful/snfO{ ljz]if ;'ljwf pknAw
u/fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf eP tfklg ;fd'bflos tyf lghL c:ktfndf ef}lts k"jf{wf/ kof{Kt
c:ktfnaf6 Ho]i7 gful/ssf nflu tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] gePsf], pks/0f rfn' xfntdf g/x]sf],
;]jf ;'ljwf k|bfg u/]sf] ;'lglZrt x'g] k|ltj]bg tof/ :jf:YosdL{sf] kbk"lt{ gePsf],
u/]sf] kfOPg . cfO;f] n ;
] g sIf ;~rfng gePsf],
zNolrlsT;ssf] nflu Ps jif{;Dd
5.3. dGqfnosf] cg'udg sfo{ If]qleqsf @@ dWo] * :jf:Yo
k|tLIff ug'{ k/]sf], tf]lsPsf] ;do;Dd
;+:yfsf] dfq cg'udg ePsf] b]lvof] eg] !@ :jf:Yo
;+:yfsf] jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]gadf]lhd jftfj/0fLo k|efj lrlsT;s c:ktfndf g/x]sf], cfsl:ds
sIfdf kof{Kt zøof gePsf], k|of]uzfnf
d"Nofsg / ejg;DaGwL dfkb08 k'/f u/]sf] sfuhft
k]; gu/]sf] sf/0f b]vfO{ cg'udg u/]sf] 5}g . :jf:Yo ;~rfng gu/]sf], cfO{;Lo"sf] cefj
;+:yf -d]l8sn sn]h_ @ sf] cg'udg gePsf]df sf/0f /x]sf], /]l8of] y]/fkL l9nf] x'g] u/]sf],
pNn]v u/]sf] 5}g . dfkb08 kfngf ;DaGwdf cg'udg c:ktfnsf] ;/;kmfO{ kof{Kt gePsf],
gePsf] sf/0f ;j{;fwf/0fn] kfpg] ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/df lgMz'Ns cf}iflw Joj:yfkg k|efjsf/L
c;/ kg]{ b]lvG5 . gePsf]n] ;]jf k|jfxdf c;/ k/]sf] 5 .
5.4. ljefusf] cg'udg sfo{If]qsf *& dWo] ef}lts k"jf{wf/,
dfgj ;|f]t Joj:yfkg / pks/0f ;DaGwL dfkb08 k'/f ug]{ c:ktfn * /x]sf] pNn]v 5 . ;f] afx]s
ef}lts k"jf{wf/;DaGwL dfkb08 k"/f ug]{ !&, k"/f gug]{ $(, cf+lzs k"/f ug]{ !@, dfgj ;|f]t
Joj:yfkg;DaGwL dfkb08 k"/f ug]{ !*, k"/f gug]{ #^ / cf+lzs k"/f ug]{ @% /x]sf] / pks/0f;DaGwL
dfkb08 k"/f ug]{ (, k"/f gug]{ $* / cf+lzs ?kdf k'/f ug]{ @@ c:ktfn /x]sf] kfOof] .
5.5. dGqfnon] @ d]l8sn sn]hsf] cg'udg u/L tof/ u/]sf] k|ltj]bgdf tL d]l8sn sn]hdf alx/Ë ;]jf
/ cGt/Ë ;]jfsf k"jf{wf/x? dfkb08 cg'?k g} eP tfklg jf8{x?df zøofaLr sfod x'g'kg]{ b"/L sd
/x]sf], ljz]if1 lrlsT;s tyf d]l8sn clkm;/sf] ;+Vof sd /x]sf], gl;{Ë clkm;/ / :6fkm g;{sf]
;+Vof ck'u /x]sf] pNn]v 5 . h;sf] sf/0f lqml6sn s]o/ o'lg6df ;d]t dfkb08adf]lhd gl;{Ë
:6fkm g/x]sf], Nofjdf cfjZostfg';f/ pks/0f g/x]sf], /]l8of]nf]hLtkm{ dfkb08adf]lhd PS;–/]
d]l;g g/x]sf] / /]l8of]nf]hLdf sfd ug]{sf] nflu 6LPn8L g/x]sf]n] /]l8P;g 8f]h df]lg6l/Ë gePsf],
dfkb08adf]lhd ul/a tyf c;xfo la/fdLnfO{ lgMz'Ns pkrf/ -!) k|ltzt_ glbPsf], c:ktfn
k|of]uzfnfn] /fli6\o hg:jf:Yo k|of]uzfnfaf6 :jLs[lt glnPsf], cfsl:ds sIfdf s'n zøofsf] !)
k|ltzt zøof gePsf] nufotsf dfkb08 kfngf gu/]sf] cj:yf 5 .
ctM lghL If]qsf c:ktfnsf] z'Ns lgwf{/0f;DaGwL dfkb08 tof/L, lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo pkrf/
;]jf tyf Ho]i7 gful/ssf] :jf:Yo ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog / dfkb08
kfngf ;DaGwdf d]l8sn sn]hnufot ;a} ;+:yfsf] k|efjsf/L cg'udg x'g'kb{5 .
6. cg'bfg – ;fd'bflos c:ktfnnfO{ cg'bfg lbg] lgb]{lzsf, @)&# sf] a'Fbf !@ df cg'bfg k|fKt ug]{
c:ktfnn] cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] () lbgleq ;Demf}tf tyf :jLs[t sfo{qmd adf]lhd sfo{
;~rfng u/L ;f]sf] ljQLo tyf kmf]6f];lxtsf] ef}lts k|ult k|ltj]bg dGqfnodf k7fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
dGqfnon] of] jif{ cg'bfg dfu ug]{ $! dWo] #) ;fd'bflos c:ktfn tyf Ps csf]{ c:ktfn;d]tnfO{
pks/0f vl/b tyf ejg lgdf{0f ug{ ?=!% s/f]8 cg'bfg pknAw u/fPsf]df cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf]
* dlxgf;Dd klg tL c:ktfnn] lgb]{lzsfadf]lhdsf] ljQLo tyf ef}lts k|ult k]; u/]sf 5}gg\ .
lgb]{lzsfadf]lhdsf] dfbk08 kfngf u/] gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf dGqfnon] cg'udg u/]sf] 5}g . sfo{ljlw
tyf :jLs[t dfkb08adf]lhd dfq cg'bfg lbg'kb{5 .
7. :jf:Yo s/ sf]if – ;'tL{hGo kbfy{ lgoGq0f / lgodg ug]{ lgodfjnL, @)^* adf]lhd ;'tL{hGo
kbfy{sf] cGtMz'Nsaf6 p7]sf] /sdsf] @% k|ltzt :jf:Yo s/ sf]ifdf hDdf ul/g] / ;f]sf] &% k|ltzt
;/sf/L c:ktfn, !% k|ltzt :jf:Yo dGqfno Pj+ dftxtsf lgsfo / !) k|ltzt ;fdflhs ;+:yf
jf u}/;/sf/L c:ktfndfkm{t vr{ ul/g] Joj:yf 5 . pQm sf]ifdf @)&@.&#, @)&#.&$ / @)&$.&%
sf] ;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf] cGtMz'Ns qmdzM ?=( ca{ ! s/f]8, ?=!) ca{ (( s/f]8, ?=!$ ca{ $ s/f]8
!@ nfvsf] @% k|ltztsf b/n] qmdzM ?=@ ca{ @%
s/f]8 @% nfv, ?=@ ca{ &$ s/f]8 &% nfv / ?=# ca{ u'0f:t/xLg cf}iflw k|lt:yfkg gu/]sf],
%! s/f]8 # nfv sf]ifdf k|fKt x'g'kg]{df qmdzM ?=$) cf}iflw df}Hbft dfkb08cg';f/ gePsf],
s/f]8, ?=%% s/f]8 #@ nfv / ?=%) s/f]8 dfq k|fKt vf]k cTolws v]/ uPsf], 9'jfgL ef8f
ePsf] b]lvPsf]n] tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] /sd sf]ifdf k|fKt a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf], k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{
ePsf] b]lvPg .
c;'n gu/]sf], :jf:Yo aLdf k|efjsf/L
8. u}/ ah]6/L ;xof]u – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, gePsf], ef8f÷lnh /sd c;'n gePsf],
@)^$ sf] lgod @& df j}b]lzs ;xfotf afkt s'g} ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog gePsf], s/ s§L
lsl;dsf] ;xfotf k|fKt ubf{ jflif{s sfo{qmd jf ah]6df gu/]sf], a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf] nufotsf
k|ltljlDat u/L cfDbfgL vr{ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . Joxf]/f b]lvPsf]n] ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
e"sDkaf6 Iflt ePsf] ejg lgdf{0fsf] nflu hfkfg
;xof]u lgof]u;Fu @)!^ k]ma|'c/L !& df k/f]ksf/ k|;"lt
tyf :qL/f]u c:ktfn / jL/ c:ktfnsf] k'glg{df{0f ug{ hfkfgL o]g @ ca{ !) s/f]8 ** nfv -g]=?=@
ca{ @ s/f]8 *^ nfv_ sf] 6g{ sL ;Demf}tf eO{ lgdf{0f;DaGwL sfo{ eO/x]sf]df jflif{s sfo{qmd tyf
ah]6df ;dfj]z u/]sf] kfOPg . lgodsf] Joj:yf kfngf ug'{kb{5 .
9. ;+u7g ;+/rgf – ;fljsdf :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfnocGtu{t $ xhf/ &!$ lgsfo / #* xhf/
(&^ sd{rf/Laf6 ;]jf ;~rfng x'Fb} cfO/x]sf] lyof] . k|zf;lgs k'g;{+/rgf kZrft\\ :jf:Yo dGqfno /
cGtu{t @* sfof{no / # xhf/ $&^ sd{rf/L ;+3df, !*^ sfof{no / % xhf/ &^ sd{rf/L k|b]zdf /
% xhf/ !(& sfof{no / #! xhf/ !&$ sd{rf/L :yfgLo txdf /xg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . o;/L ;+3,
k|b]z / :yfgLo txdf hDdf % xhf/ $!! sfof{no tyf #( xhf/ &@^ sd{rf/L /xg] u/L ;+u7g
;+/rgf :jLs[t ePsf] 5 . o;k|sf/ :jf:Yo ;]jf cGtu{t gof+ ;+u7g ;+/rgfdf ^(& sfof{no / &%)
sd{rf/L b/aGbL yk ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . tyflk c:ktfnx?sf] ;+u7g tyf Joj:yfkg ;j]{If0f ;DkGg
u/]sf] b]lvPg .
• :jf:Yo ;]jf k|jfx
10. sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @^ adf]lhd :jLs[t jflif{s
sfo{qmdcg';f/ k|ult ljj/0f tof/ u/L ;dLIff ug'{kb{5 . of] jif{ :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefucGtu{tsf]
k'ghf{u/0f dxfzfvfn] hLjgz}nL kl/jt{g, gfs, sfg, 3fF6L;DaGwL cled'vLs/0f tflnd h:tf $
sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf nflu 5'6\ofPsf] ?=! s/f]8 !# nfv, Olkl8ldof]nf]hL dxfzfvfn] ;k{b+z /
vfgfsf] u'0f:t/nufot !# sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ 5'6\ofPsf] ?=$ s/f]8 $ nfv, afn :jf:Yo
dxfzfvfn] lgdf]lgof;DaGwL cg';Gwfg nufot $@ sfo{qmdsf] nflu 5'6\ofPsf] ?=# s/f]8 &^ nfv /
kl/jf/ :jf:Yo dxfzfvfn] Pg]:y]l;of, l/SofgnfOh]zgnufot @% sfo{qmdsf] nflu 5'6\ofPsf] ?=(
s/f]8 *! nfv, cfk"lt{ Joj:yf dxfzfvfn] ( sfo{qmdsf] ?=$ s/f]8 &) nfv / Joj:yfkg
dxfzfvfn] kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkgnufot @& sfo{qmdsf] ?=# s/f]8 && nfv ;d]t ?=@& s/f]8 @!
nfvsf] sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sf] b]lvPg .
To;}u/L /fli6\o Ifo/f]u s]Gb|n] Ifo/f]u lgbfg tyf Joj:yfkgnufot @$ sfo{qmdsf] ?=#!
s/f]8 !* nfvsf] z"Go k|ult b]vfPsf] 5 . /fli6\o :jf:Yo lzIff ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ s]Gb|n] xfQLkfOn]
nufot !) sfo{qmdsf] ?=% s/f]8 *% nfv / sL6hGo /f]u cg';Gwfg tyf tflnd s]Gb|, x]6f}+8fn]
dn]l/of, 8]Ën
' ufotsf cg';Gwfg ug{ !$ sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] nflu Joj:yf ePsf] ?=! s/f]8 $)
nfvsf] sfo{qmd g} ;~rfng u/]sf] b]lvPg .

Psftk{m :jf:Yo If]qdf kl/df0ffTds nIo k|fKt gePsf], P8\;, cf}nf] /f]u ;DaGwL la/fdL,
g;g]{ /f]u;DaGwL la/fdLsf] ;+Vof a9\b} uPsf] l:ylt 5 eg] csf]{tk{m tf]lsPsf jflif{s sfo{qmd
;~rfng gePsf] cj:yf 5 . o;af6 lg/f]wfTds tyf k|j4{gfTds sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf sdL
sdhf]/Lsf sf/0f :jf:Yo ;]jf k|jfxdf c;/ kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 . tf]lsPsf] nlIft sfo{qmd ;~rfng
gug{] ;DalGwtnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
11. ef}lts k"jf{wf/ – :jf:Yo ;]jf k|efjsf/L x'g ef}lts k"jf{wf/, pks/0f / hgzlQm b'?:t x'g'kb{5 .
c:ktfn tyf :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] cfjZos k"jf{wf/sf] cefjsf sf/0f ;]jf k|jfxdf sl7gfO{ eO/x]sf]
cj:yf b]lvPsf] 5 . cfjZos k"jf{wf/sf] cefj ;DaGwdf s]xL c:ktfnsf] l:ylt b]xfodf pNn]v 5M
11.1. zxLb wd{eQm /fli6\o k|Tof/f]k0f s]Gb|n] of] jif{ d[uf}nf k|Tof/f]k0f !%# hgf, cf]=kL=8L= ;]jfnufotsf
cGo ;]jf #! xhf/ %^% hgfnfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . cfˆgf] ejg gePsf sf/0f eQmk'/ c:ktfnsf]
ejgaf6 ;]jf lbFb} cfPsf] 5 . of] jif{ c:ktfnsf] gofF ejg 8\Oª l8hfOg, ejg lgdf{0f lj:tf/ /
lgld{t ejgdf cfjZos pks/0f h8fg;d]t ug{ ?=# s/f]8 @% nfv ah]6 ljlgof]hg ePsf]df
;f];DaGwL s'g} sfd ePsf] b]lvPg . k|To]s jif{ d[uf}nf;DaGwL la/fdLsf] ;+Vof j[l4 x'Fb} uPsf]n]
xfnsf] c:ktfn ejgaf6 ;]jf k|jfx ug{ c;'ljwf eO/x]sf] 5 .
11.2. zxLb wd{eQm /fli6\o k|Tof/f]k0f s]Gb|n] of] jif{ @( xhf/ @*) k6s 8fOnfl;; ;]jf pknAw u/fPsf]
5 . s]Gb|sf ^! d]l;gdWo] @)&% cfiff9 d;fGtdf #% d]l;g dfq ;~rfngdf /x]sf] b]lvof] .
;~rfngdf gcfPsf d]l;gdWo] !% sf] ;~rfng cfo';d]t ;dfKt ePsf] / !! d]l;g dd{t ug'{kg]{
cj:yfdf /x]sf] kfOof] . kof{Kt d]l;gsf] cefjdf la/fdLnfO{ 8fOnfl;;sf] nflu cGoq l;kmfl/; ug'{
k/]sf] b]lvG5 . pko'{Qm #% d]l;g rf}aL;} 306f ;~rfng ubf{ ;d]t b}lgs clwstd !@) hgfn] dfq
;]jf lng ;Sg] cj:yf 5 . kof{Kt d]l;g cefj, k"jf{wf/ tyf hgzlQmsf] sdLsf] sf/0f !$% hgf
la/fdL x]df]8fOnfl;; ug{, ^* hgf d[uf}nf k|Tof/f]k0f ug{ / @ hgf lko/ PS;r]Ghsf] nflu k|tLIffdf
/x]sf] b]lvG5 . pko'{Qm l:yltn] 8fOnfl;; ;]jf tyf d[uf}nf k|Tof/f]k0f ;]jf k|jfxdf cTolws rfk
/x]sf] b]lvG5 .
11.3. k/f]ksf/ k|;"lt tyf :qL /f]u c:ktfnsf] nflu $!% zøof :jLs[t eP tfklg xfn #%) zøof
;~rfngdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . of] jif{ egf{ ePsf la/fdL @* xhf/ %)# nfO{ cfwf/ dfGbf ! zøofaf6
*@ hgfnfO{ ;]jf lbg' k/]sf] cj:yf 5 . ut jif{ ! zøofaf6 ^! hgfnfO{ ;]jf lbg k/]sf]df of] jif{
@! hgfnfO{ yk ;]jf lbg' k/]]sf] l:ylt 5 . n]a/ ?d / dft[ tyf gjhft lzz' s]Gb|af6 8]lne/L
ePsf] @ 306f kZrft\\ ;DalGwt jf8{df dft[lzz'nfO{ :yfgfGt/0f ul/g'kg]{df zøofsf] cefjn] ;dod}
;DalGwt jf8{df k7fpg g;Sbf cGo la/fdLnfO{ ;dod} k|;"lt ;]jf lbg l9nfO{ x'g] u/]sf] kfOof] .
:yfg cefjsf] sf/0f cfjZos kl/l:yltdf @%.#) ;Dd la/fdLnfO{ jf8{eGbf aflx/ Kof;]hdf /fvL
;]jf lbFb} cfPsf] b]lvG5 . c:ktfndf la/fdLsf] cTolws rfk ePsf] sf/0f kf7]3/, 6\o"d/, cfË v:g]
/f]u cflbsf] zNolqmof ug{ ! dlxgf;Dd kfnf] kv{g'kg]{ cj:yf 5 .
11.4. z'qm/fh 6\lksn tyf ;?jf /f]u c:ktfncGtu{t /x]sf !! ejgdWo] ( ejg $) jif{ k'/fgf] ePsf]
ljj/0f k|fKt 5 . k|To]s jif{ la/fdLsf] rfk a9\b} uO{ of] jif{ (& xhf/ #^# hgfnfO{ ;]jf lbPsf] 5 .
c:ktfnn] pknAw u/fPsf] ljj/0fcg';f/ k|To]s lbg Go"gtd $! b]lv clwstd *!@ hgf;Dd
la/fdLnfO{ ;]jf lbPsf] kfOof] . la/fdLn] hfFrsf] nflu k|tLIffno ;fF3'/f] ePsf sf/0f sIf aflx/
af6f]df pleg'kg]{, ljleGg k|sf/sf ;?jf /f]usf la/fdL Ps} :yfgdf /xg'kg]{, cf]=kL=8L= sf] zf}rfno
kof{Kt gePsf] / lrlsT;ssf] kbk"lt{ gePsf sf/0f nfdf] ;do;Dd la/fdLn] kfnf] kv{g'kg]{
nufotsf cj:yf b]lvPsf] 5 . c:ktfn ejg lgdf{0f dd{t tyf ;'wf/ sfo{df ut jif{ / of] jif{;d]t
?=@ s/f]8 %) nfv ah]6 ljlgof]hg ePsf]df u'?of]hgf :jLs[t gePsf]n] ah]6 vr{ geO{ lgliqmo
/x]sf] b]lvof] . ;?jf /f]u ;DaGwL pkrf/ ug]{ /]km/n c:ktfn cfk}mFdf ;d:ofu|:t /x]sf] cj:yfn]
;]jfu|fxL d}qL x'g ;s]sf] b]lvPg .

11.5. e/tk'/ c:ktfnn] of] jif{ @ nfv $& xhf/ !!^ hgfnfO{ pkrf/ ;]jf k|bfg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm
;+Vof cf};tdf b}lgs ^*& hgf x'g cfpF5 . c:ktfnn] Ps lbgdf ! xhf/ #)) ;Dd la/fdLsf]
pkrf/ ug'{k/]sf] l:yltn] c:ktfn kl/;/;d]t gk'u cj:yfdf 5 . cf]=kL=8L= df hFrfpg] la/fdL aflx/}
pleg'kg]{, cfuGt'snfO{ a:g] 7fpFsf] cefj /x]sf]n] cfˆgf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] ;Dk"{0f hUuf c:ktfnn]
cfjZostfcg';f/ k|of]u u/L u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf k|jfxdf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
dGqfnoaf6 @)&$.@.@% df :jLs[t u'?of]hgfcg';f/ ! xhf/ z}ofsf] z}lIfs k|lti7fg,
Odh]{G;L ejg, d]6/gL6L, k]l8ofl6\s, SofG;/, ;fOSofl6\s tyf sd{rf/L cfjf; ejg lgdf{0f ug]{
pNn]v ePsf]df pQm sfo{ cf/De ePsf] b]lvPg . k|To]s jif{ la/fdLsf] rfk a9\b} uPsf] eP tfklg
k"jf{wf/ Go"g /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
11.6. x]6f}+8f c:ktfndf of] jif{ @# xhf/ Odh]{G;L la/fdL hfFr u/]sf], !@) zøof ;~rfngdf /x]sf] tyf
ljleGg hl6n k|sf/sf zNo lrlsT;f ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] u/]sf]df cfO{=;L=o"= sIf ljgf ;]jf k|jfx
u/]sf] 5 .
11.7. sf]zL c~rn c:ktfnn] #%) zøof ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf]df $( lrlsT;ssf] b/aGbL l/Qm /x]sf] 5 .
la/fdLsf] rfk / ;]jf lj:tf/ cg'?k ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] Joj:yf gx'Fbf cfsl:ds sIfsf] Ps} zøofdf @/#
hgf la/fdLsf] pkrf/ ug'{ k/]sf], alx/Ë ;]jf lng la/fdLn] nfdf] ;dosf] k|tLIff kZrft\\ dfq ;]jf
kfpg] u/]sf], k|;"lt sIfsf zøof ck'u /x]sf] h:tf ljleGg cj:yfn] ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ck'u eO{ ;]jf
k|jfxdf c;/ k/]sf] 5 .
11.8. /fKtL :jf:Yo lj1fg k|lti7fgsf] ejg lgdf{0f sfo{ @)&^.#.!% leq ;DkGg ug]{ u/L ?=!^ s/f]8 @@
nfv (% xhf/df vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf]df bf]];|f] /lgª lan;Ddsf] ?=$ s/f]8 $& nfv e'QmfgL eO{
;s]kl5 lgdf{0f sfo{ aGb /x]sf] 5 . k|lti7fgsf] ejg lgdf{0f ;dodf ;DkGg gx'bF f nfut j[l4 x'g] /
;]jf k|jfxdf c;/ kg]{ l:ylt b]lvPsf] 5 .
bL3{sfnLg gLlt to u/L la/fdLsf] rfk / ;]jf lj:tf/sf] cfwf/df cfjZos ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf]
Joj:yfkg u/L ;]jf k|jfxdf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
12. k|of]uljxLg pks/0f – :jf:Yo ;]jf k|jfxsf nflu vl/b ePsf b]xfosf d]l;g/L pks/0fx? ;DalGwt
ljz]if1 tyf k"jf{wf/ cefjsf sf/0f pkof]u x'g g;s]sf]n] ;]jf ;~rfngdf c;/ k/]sf] b]lvG5 eg]
pks/0f vl/bdf ePsf] vr{ pknlAwljxLg ePsf] 5M
d"No / vr{
c:ktfnsf] gfd pks/0fsf] gfd pkof]udf gcfPsf] ljj/0f
-? xhf/df_
h]g]/]6/
@)&@.&# df vl/b u/]sf]df ;~rfngdf gNofO{ 10,47
c:ktfn kl/;/df /x]sf],
!= eQmk'/ c:ktfn @)&%.@.@! df /fli6\o hg:jf:Yo gv'Ng]
k"mNnL P6f]d]6]8 PgnfOh/
k|of]uzfnfaf6 k|fKt ePsf]
O08f]:sf]kL d]l;g lalu|P/ ;~rfngdf g/x]sf] gv'Ng]
PS;/], ;L=cf]=6"= l;ln08/
:jf:Yo ;]jf ljefuaf6 k|fKt ePsf], hgzlQm 3,36
cefjn] ;~rfng gePsf],
@= lhNnf c:ktfn, u'NdL
O=;L=hL= dfOqmf]:sf]k pks/0f dd{t geO{ tyf lrlsT;s cefjsf] gv'Ng]
nufotsf pks/0f sf/0f ;]jf lbg g;s]sf] .
#= zxLb wd{eQm /fli6\o 6\fG;km/d/ @)&$.&% df vl/b eP tfklg h8fg gePsf] . 19,99
k|Tof/f]k0f s]Gb|, eQmk'/
!=% 6]:nf Pd=cf/=cfO{= d]l;g @)&$.&% df k|fKt ePsf]df ;~rfngdf 10,62,02
$= kf]v/f :jf:Yo lj1fg gcfPsf] .
k|lti7fg ;L=6L= :Sofg d]l;g @)&$ efb|af6 lau|]sf] sf/0f la/fdLnfO{ cGoq gv'Ng]
/]km/ ug'{ k/]sf] .
%= jL/ c:ktfn @ e]G6Ln]6/ Ps jif{b]lv k|of]u ljxLg gv'Ng]
^= wf}nflu/L c~rn c:ktfn o"=P;=hL=, O{=;L=hL=, O08f]:sf]kL hgzlQmsf] cefjn] ;~rfng gePsf] gv'Ng]
d]l;g

d"No / vr{
c:ktfnsf] gfd pks/0fsf] gfd pkof]udf gcfPsf] ljj/0f
-? xhf/df_
&= dxfsfnL c~rn c:ktfn cfO=;L=o" ;DaGwL ljleGg # jif{ cufl8 cfO=;L=o"= ;~rfngsf] nflu 69,12
pks/0fx? vl/b u/]sf]df ;~rfng gu/]sf]
*= dfnfv]tL c:ktfn, s}nfnL PS;/] d]l;g, O=kL= #)) :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefuaf6 k|fKt ePsf]df lk|G6/, gv'Ng]
;]K6L?d cefjsf sf/0f ;~rfng gePsf]
(= If]qLo d]l8sn :6f]/, af+s] ;f]nf/ Kofgn x'Dnf / 8f]Nkfsf] nflu vl/b ePsf]df af+s]df 13,96
/x]sf]
!)= hfh/sf]6 c:ktfn hL=P= d]l;g tyf l8lh6n dd{t geO{ ;~rfng gePsf] gv'Ng]
PS;/]
!!= afh'/f c:ktfn PS;/], a]aL jfd{/ ljut b'O{ jif{b]lv lalu|Psf] gv'Ng]
!@= /fli6\o cfo'j]{b cg';Gwfg PS;/] ! / cN6\f;fp08 d]l;g ! @)^*.%.!! df rLg ;/sf/af6 k| f Kt ePsf] d f gv'Ng]
tyf tflnd s]Gb| pkof]udf gNofPsf]
12.1. kf6g :jf:Yo lj1fg k|lti7fgdf x]df]8fOnf]l;;sf] nflu pknAw !@ d]l;gdWo] :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefuaf6
ut jif{ k|fKt @ d]l;g ;~rfng x'g g;sL e08f/df /fv]sf] b]lvG5 . afFsL !) d]l;gaf6 b}lgs #)
hgfnfO{ 8fOnf]l;; ;]jf pknAw u/fP tfklg kof{Kt d]l;g cefjsf sf/0f ;]jf k|jfxdf sl7gfO
eO/x]sf] 5 . :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefuaf6 k|fKt d]l;g z'?jftb]lv g} ;~rfng x'g g;s]sf]n] o;k|sf/sf]
d]l;g vl/b :jLsf/ u/L x:tfGt/0f ug]{ kbflwsf/L lhDd]jf/L x'g'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
12.2. kf6g :jf:Yo lj1fg k|lti7fgdf # ck|];g lyP6/ /x]sf]df zNolrlsT;f ;]jfsf] nflu cfjZos
l;=cfd{ @ dfq /x]sf], cf]=6L= 6]an cToGt} k'/fgf] ePsf]n] ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ;d:of /x]sf], aRrfsf]
ljz]if1 lrlsT;s eP tfklg zNolqmofsf] nflu cfjZos ;fdu|L cefjdf ;]jf pknAw gePsf],
ck|]zg lyP6/df cf/=cf/=6\nL, ˆNof; c6f]Sn]esf] cefj /x]sf] b]lvof] . :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefuaf6 k|fKt
c6f]Sn]e d]l;g u'0f:t/xLg ePsf]n] sfd gnfUg] eO{ k|of]uljxLg cj:yfdf /x]sf]n] ;]jf k|jfxdf c;/
k/]sf] 5 .
12.3. wf}nflu/L c~rn c:ktfndf $ x]df]8fOnf]l;; d]l;g /x]sf]df @ dfq ;~rfng u/L xKtfdf ^ hgfnfO{
;]jf pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . d]l;gsf] cefjn] @) hgf k|tLIff ;"rLdf /x]sf 5g\ . :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefun]
@)&$.$.@^ df ?=#^ nfv (& xhf/ d"Nosf @ x]df]8fOnf]l;; d]l;g pknAw u/fPsf]df z'?jft b]lv
g} d]l;g ;~rfngdf g/x]sf]n] vl/b :jLsf/ u/L x:tfGt/0f ug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
To;}u/L gf/fo0fL pkIf]qLo c:ktfn, jL/uGhdf cfjZos d]l;gsf] cefj / la/fdLsf] rfksf] sf/0f
cfjZos ;]jf pknAw x'g g;Sbf ;]jf k|jfxdf c;/ k/]sf] 5 .
12.4. Ps cfk"t{saf6 ljefun] cd]l/sL 8n/ %^ xhf/ #&* df vl/b u/L s]Gb|Lo d]l8sn :6f]/, kyn}of
k7fPsf] & xhf/ %@& j6f cfO; Kofs EoflS;g Sofl/o/ k|of]uljxLg cj:yfdf kfOof] . cfjZostf
ljZn]if0f gu/L ;fdfg vl/b ug]{ lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/LnfO{ hjfkmb]xL agfpg'kb{5 .
12.5. /ut;DaGwL ljleGg k/LIf0f ug]{ cd]l/sL 8n/ ! nfv *@ xhf/ d"Nosf] kL=;L=cf/= d]l;g
@)&$.*.@( df ;]e b lrN8\]gaf6 ;xof]udf k|fKt eO{ z'qm/fh 6\lksn tyf ;?jf /f]u c:ktfnsf]
k|of]uzfnf ejgdf pkof]uljxLg cj:yfdf /x]sf] b]lvof] . o; ;DaGwdf 5nkmn ubf{ pQm d]l;g
ljlwjt x:tfGt/0f eO{ gcfPsf]n] ;~rfng gePsf] hjfkm k|fKt ePsf]n] cfjZos k|lqmof k"/f u/L
;~rfngdf Nofpg'kb{5 .
12.6. :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefun] b]ze/sf ljleGg c:ktfn tyf :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf pks/0f dd{t;DaGwL ;Demf}tf
u/]sf] / tf]lsPsf] ;dodf dd{t sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . x]6f}+8f c:ktfndf /x]sf] #)) PdP
PS;/] xfO{ ef]N6]h h]g]/]6/ @)&$ kmfu'gb]lv lau|]sf] / a]aL jfd{/ @ dlxgfb]lv lau|]sf]df xfn;Dd
dd{t ePsf] b]lvPg . pko'{Qm l:yltn] ;Demf}tfsf zt{adf]lhd sfo{ ePsf] b]lvPg .
12.7. d]rL c~rn c:ktfnsf] nflu :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefuaf6 @)&$.!@.@ df ?=## nfv #^ xhf/ d"Nosf]
gjhft lzz' ;3g pkrf/ sIf ;~rfng ug{ pks/0f k|fKt ePsf] eP tfklg hgzlQm / :yfgsf]
cefjn] pks/0f h8fg u/L k|of]udf NofPsf] 5}g .
12.8. x]6f}+8f c:ktfnsf] :t/j[l4 ug{ #)) zøof yk ug]{ qmddf vl/b jf k|fKt u/]sf !) k|sf/sf ?=@$
nfv *# xhf/ d"No a/fa/sf] pkrf/sf pks/0fx? lgof]g]6n e]lG6n]6/nufot c:ktfndf
k|of]uljxLg?kdf e08f/df /x]sf] kfOof] . ;f] ;fdu|Lx?dWo] ljefuaf6 k|fKt OGKofG6f]ld6/sf] d"No v'n]sf]
b]lvPg . ljutdf vl/b u/]sf pks/0fsf] jf/]06L Uof/]06Lsf] cjlw ;dfKt x'g] t/ vl/b ePsf ;fdfg
pkof]u gx'g] l:ylt /xg' plrt b]lvFb}g .
12.9. sflGt afn c:ktfndf /x]sf] ?=$ s/f]8 %$ nfv d"Nosf] ;L=6L= :Sofg d]l;g / hfkfg ;/sf/af6 k|fKt
8L=cf/= d]l;g k6s k6s lau|g] sf/0fn] dfl;s @ xhf/ @)) la/fdLnfO{ cGoq k7fpg' k/]sf] cj:yf
5.
12.10. /fKtL c~rn c:ktfndf ljutb]lv cyf]{k]l8s tyf cfO{=;L=o"= pks/0f / Pg=cfO{=;L=o"=, ;L=6L=
:Sofg, O08f]:sf]kL d]l;g /x]sf]df Joj:yfksLo sdhf]/L / bIf hgzlQmsf] cefj b]vfO{ ljut jif{b]lv
;~rfngdf g} NofPsf] 5}g . ;f];DaGwL ;]jf pknAw gu/fO{ la/fdLnfO{ cGoq l;kmfl/; u/]sf] kfOof] .
o;}u/L /fdk'/ c:ktfn, kfNkfdf zNolrlsT;f ;]jfsf] nflu pks/0f;lxtsf] sIf /x] tfklg
lrlsT;ssf] cefjdf ;~rfng ePsf] 5}g .
12.11. dxfsfnL c~rn c:ktfnsf] nflu c6f]d]6]8 x]df6f]nf]hL PgfnfOh/, O=;L=hL= d]l;g, k];]06 df]lg6/,
cf]=6L= 6]a'n, kf]6]{an PS;/] d]l;g;d]t #! k|sf/sf pks/0f vl/b ug{ ?=@ s/f]8 @% nfv ah]6
Joj:yf ePsf] b]lvof] . c:ktfndf k|zf;lgs tyf k|fljlws sd{rf/L gePsf] Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L
dGqfnoaf6 vl/b Joj:yf x'g @)&$.!@.@& df kqfrf/ u/]sf]df dGqfnon] vl/b k|lqmof;+u
;DalGwt kmfOn yk sf/afxLsf] nflu :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefudf k7fPsf] b]lvof] . pQm pks/0f :jf:Yo
;]jf ljefun] ;d]t vl/b gu/]sf] sf/0f of] jif{sf] ah]6 lk|mh ePsf] 5 . vl/bsf] Joj:yfkg gug]{
lgsfox? lhDd]jf/ x'g'kb{5 .
12.12. of] jif{ sf]zL c~rn c:ktfnn] !)) yfg d]df]u|fkmL vl/b u/L ?=$& nfv %* xhf/ vr{ n]v]sf] 5 .
pQm d]l;g ;~rfngsf] nflu ;L=cf/= l;:6d gePsf] sf/0fn] ;~rfng x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . To;}u/L
kL=;L=cf/ d]l;g /fli6\o hg:jf:Yo k|of]uzfnfaf6 k|fKt ePsf]df hgzlQmsf] cefjsf] sf/0f b]vfO{
;~rfngdf NofPsf] 5}g . vl/b ePsf d]l;g pks/0fsf] jf/]06L Uof/]06L cjlw ;dfKt x'g] t/ ;f]
;~rfng;DaGwL Joj:yfkg gubf{ ;]jf k|jfxdf c;/ k/]sf] 5 .
13. b/aGbL kbk"lt{ –dGqfnocGt{ut k|zf;lgs / :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] @)&$.&% sf] kbk"lt{ ljj/0f dfu ubf{
k|fKt geP tfklg :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefusf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg @)&#.&$ cg';f/ && lhNnfsf :jf:Yo tyf
hg:jf:Yo sfof{nocGtu{t $%* lrlsT;s, !# xhf/ &*% kf/fd]l8S; / * xhf/ *!^ gl;{ª
:6fkm;d]t s'n @# xhf/ %& b/aGbL /x]sf]df qmdzM lrlsT;s !($, kf/fd]l8S; $ xhf/ !$^ /
gl;{Ë :6fkm @ xhf/ %(& ;d]t ^ xhf/ (#& kb l/Qm /x]sf]n] lgodfg';f/ kbk"lt{ x'g'kb{5 .
To;}u/L lhNnfut ?kdf cWoog ubf{ lrlsT;ssf] :jLs[t b/aGbL hfh/sf]6df !& dWo] (,
c5fddf $ dWo] @, bfr'{nfdf % dWo] @, 8f]6Ldf % dWo] #, c3f{vfFrLdf ^ dWo] @, ;Kt/Ldf #@ dWo]
@& / dxf]Q/Ldf !@ dWo] $ l/Qm /x]sf] 5 . Kof/fd]l8S;tkm{ tfKn]h'ªdf !^&, ef]hk'/df !($,
sfnLsf]6df (@, 8f]Nkfdf &$, a}t8Ldf @)^ /x]sf]df qmdzM *), !)), !(, #) / !!) ;d]t ##(
kbk"lt{ ePsf] 5}g . gl;{ªtkm{ ;+v'jf;efdf *%, vf]6fªdf !^@, uf]/vfdf !$*, 8f]Nkfdf %!, x'Dnfdf
%& b/aGbL /x]sf]df qmdzM $!, &#, %&, #$ / @) ;d]t @@% kbk"lt{ ePsf] 5}g . Kof/fd]l8S;tkm{
sf7df8f}Fdf @^&, ?kGb]xLdf @&^, nlntk'/df !^^, lrtjgdf !%* / sf:sLdf !$% b/aGbL /x]sf]df
qmdzM @), $$, !%, @! / #! ;d]t !#! kb l/Qm /x]sf] b]lvG5 . lrlsT;s tyf kf/fd]l8S; kbx?
l/Qm /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;]jf k|jfxdf k|ToIf c;/ kg{ uPsf] 5 . l/Qm kbx? ;dodf g} k"lt{ u/L :jf:Yo
;]jf k|jfxnfO{ r':t b'?:t t'Nofpg ;DalGwt lgsfosf] Wofg hfg'kb{5 . o;;DaGwL cGo Joxf]/f
lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M

13.1. n]vfk/LIf0fsf] qmddf c:ktfnx?df lrlsT;ssf] b/aGbLcg';f/ kbk"lt{ gePsf s]xL pbfx/0f
lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
:jLs[t b/aGbL kbk"lt{
c:ktfn
lrlsT;s kf/fd]l8S; g;{ lrlsT;s kf/fd]l8S; g;{
Onfd c:ktfn 16 14 14 8 12 5
n'lDagL c~rn c:ktfn 95 74 123 60 54 99
x]6f}+8f c:ktfn 15 18 10 6 11 6
e/tk'/ c:ktfn 66 44 40 41 44 36
z'qm/fh 6\lksn tyf ;?jf /f]u 19 26 50 12 36 48
c:ktfn
aL=kL= sf]O/fnf SofG;/ c:ktfn 97 117 256 69 59 151
sn}of c:ktfn 14 10 10 8 8 6
Ko"7fg c:ktfn 14 16 11 5 4 7
dxfsfnL c:ktfn 29 33 19 4 25 14
a]gL c:ktfn 15 14 13 5 13 11
lzj/fh c:ktfn 3 4 7 2 3 6
uh]Gb|gf/fo0f c~rn c:ktfn 26 16 21 8 15 7
l/QmdWo] k|d'v d]l8sn ;'kl/06]08]06, afn/f]u ljz]if1, jl/i7 sG;N6]06 ;h{g, cyf]{k]l8s
;h{g, /]l8of]nf]lhi6, ;fOlsofl6«l;og, Pg]:y]l;of]nf]lhi6, hg/n lkmlhl;og, lkmlhl;og, d]l8sn
Nofj 6]Sgf]nf]lhi6 h:tf ljz]if1 kbx?sf] b/aGbL l/Qm /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
13.2. dxfsfnL c~rn c:ktfn, s~rgk'/df !& lrlsT;ssf] :jLs[t b/aGbLdWo] !$ l/Qm /x]sf sf/0f
Hj/f], lgdf]lgof h:tf la/fdL;d]t *%* hgf cGo c:ktfndf l;kmfl/; ug'{ k/]sf] b]lvof] . To;}u/L
lrlsT;s tyf pks/0fsf] cefjdf uf]/vf c:ktfnn] of] jif{ (%$ hgf / j]gL c:ktfn DofUbLn] !
xhf/ ##! hgf cGoq l;kmfl/; ug'{ k/]sf] 5 .
13.3. z'qm/fh 6\lksn tyf ;?jf /f]u c:ktfn, 6]s', sf7df8f}+df lrlsT;stk{m !@ hgfsf] kbk"lt{ eP
tfklg $ hgf ljutjif{b]lv cWoog labfdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . To;}u/L u'NdL lhNnf c:ktfndf :jLs[t
b/aGbL cg';f/sf] kbk"lt{ geO{ tyf b/aGbLdf lgo'Qm @ lrlsT;s cGoq sfhdf uPsf], 6Lsfk'/
c:ktfn, s}nfnLdf blIf0f sf]l/ofsf] ;xof]udf # a]8 Ifdtfsf] e]lG6n]6/;lxtsf] cfO=;L=o"=/
Pg=cfO{=;L=o"= sIf tof/ eP tfklg ljz]if1 lrlsT;s ( dWo] * b/aGbL l/Qm /x]sf]n] ;~rfng x'g
g;Sbf k|of]uljxLg cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 . /Ë]nL c:ktfndf hgzlQmsf] cefjdf ?=% nfv vr{ ul/P
klg kmfd]{;L ;~rfng x'g g;sL ?=@ nfv d"Nosf] cf}iflwsf] Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] 5 . lhNnf :jf:Yo
sfof{no, l;/fxfsf k|d'v lrlsT;s @)&$ j}zfvb]lv @)&$ r}q;Dd @*# lbg sfhdf /xL
sfof{nodf *@ lbgdfq xflh/ /x]sf]n] :jf:Yo ;]jf k|efljt ePsf] 5 .
ctM b/aGbLcg';f/ kbk"lt{sf] Joj:yf ldnfO{ kb:yfkgf ePsf] sfof{nodf g} ;]jf k|bfg
ug'{kg]{tk{m Wofg lbg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
14. cfO;f]n];g sIf – pRr ;+qmd0fhGo /f]usf] pkrf/ x]kflkmN6/;lxtsf] ;'/lIft cfO;f]n];g sIfaf6
ul/g'kb{5 . z'qm/fh 6\lksn tyf ;?jf /f]u c:ktfnsf] nflu of] jif{sf] jflif{s sfo{qmddf
cfO;f]n]zg tyf cfO{;Lo" jf8{;d]tsf cfjZos pks/0f ?=%( nfv !^ xhf/sf] An8 sNr/ d]l;g,
lkmlhof]y]/fkLnufotsf ;fdfg vl/b u/]sf] b]lvof] . cfO;f]n];g sIfsf] nflu pknAw :yfgnfO{
kfl6{;g u/L $ a]8sf] sIf 5'§\ofP tfklg ;~rfngdf /x]sf] 5}g . ;?jf /f]usf] s]Gb|Lo tyf /]km/n
c:ktfndf cfO;f]n];g sIf;Dd ;~rfngdf gNofpg' pko'Qm b]lvPg . ;+qmd0fhGo la/fdLsf] nflu
cfO;f]n];g sIf gx'Fbf yk hf]lvd x'g ;Sg] ePsf]n] cfjZos hgzlQmnufot k"jf{wf/sf] Joj:yf u/L
cfO;f]n];g sIf ;~rfngdf Nofpg'kb{5 .
15. ;]jfsf] kx'Fr – c:ktfnsf] ;]jf k|efjsf/L x'g c:ktfnn] la/fdLnfO{ ;dod} ;]jf pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 .
aL=kL= sf]O/fnf d]df]l/on SofG;/ c:ktfndf SofG;/sf la/fdLn] zNo lrlsT;f ug{ # dlxgf;Dd /
e/tk'/ c:ktfndf % dlxgf;Dd k|tLIff ug'{kg]{ cj:yf 5 . sflGt afn c:ktfndf xfOkf]:k]l8of,
6\fG;gn k'n y|f]u -cfGb|fdf g;f gePsf]_, sf]nf]:6f]dL Snf]h/, kfOnf]Knf:6L -d[uf}nf ;'lGgPsf]_,
g]k|mf]nLlyofl;; -d[uf}nfdf 9'Ëf ePsf]_ sf] zNo lrlsT;f ug{ ! jif{;Dd kfnf] kv{g'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
c:ktfnaf6 @)&% df3kl5 zNolqmof ug'{kg]{ k|fKt ljj/0f ljZn]if0f ubf{ ! xhf/ #) hgf
zNolqmofsf] nflu k|tLIffdf /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . To:t}, jL/ c:ktfndf zNolqmofsf] nflu # dlxgf;Dd
kfnf] kvg'{kg]{ cj:yf 5 .
c:ktfnx?n] zNo lrlsT;s sIf, lrlsT;s, la/fdL;d]tsf] cfwf/df zNo lrlsT;f;DaGwL
b}lgs, dfl;s / If]qut tflnsf tof/ gubf{ o;k|sf/sf] l:ylt b]lvPsf] 5 . c:ktfnsf] ;]jf
k|efjsf/L geO{ nfdf] ;do k|tLIff ug'{ kbf{ la/fdL pkrf/sf] nflu lghL c:ktfndf hfg'kg]{ cj:yf
/x]sf]n] pknAw ;|f]t zNo lrlsT;f sIf, zNo lrlsT;ssf] pknAwtfcg';f/ cTo'Qd pkof]u x'g] u/L
zNo lrlsT;fsf] ;do tflnsf to u/L ;]jfdf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
16. lrlsT;ssf] pkl:ylt – c:ktfnn] u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf pknAw u/fpg lrlsT;snufotsf ;a} hgzlQm
tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] ;dodf c:ktfndf pkl:ylt ePsf] x'g'kb{5 . sflGt afn c:ktfnsf] @)&$ r}qdf
@) lrlsT;s, aL=kL= sf]O/fnf d]df]l/on SofG;/ c:ktfnsf] @)&% efb|df &^ lrlsT;s, e/tk'/
c:ktfnsf] @)&$ r}qdf &( lrlsT;snufot ljleGg c:ktfndf sfo{/t lrlsT;ssf] O{–xflh/L
k/LIf0f ubf{ sltko lrlsT;sn] cfPsf] ;do pNn]v u/] tfklg kms]{sf] ;do ghgfpg], tf]lsPsf]
;do;Dd c:ktfndf g/xg] nufot ljleGg cj:yf b]lvPsf] 5 . Psftk{m c:ktfndf lrlsT;ssf]
:jLs[t b/aGbL kbk"lt{ gx'g] / csf]{tk{m lrlsT;s tf]lsPsf] ;dodf c:ktfndf pkl:yt gx'g]
cj:yfn] la/fdLn] k/LIf0f u/fpg nfdf] ;do k|tLIff ug'{kg]{ eO{ c;xh ePsf] cj:yf 5 . pko'{Qm
l:yltn] u'0f:t/Lo ;]jfdf c;/ k/]sf] b]lvFbf cfGtl/s lgoGq0fdf ;d]t ;'wf/ u/L ;]jf k|jfxdf bIftf
Nofpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
17. l/Ph]G6 tyf s]ldsN; – k|of]uzfnfdf pkof]u x'g] s]ldsN; tyf l/Ph]G6nufotsf j:t' tf]lsPsf]
kl/df0fadf]lhd clwstd pkof]u x'g'kb{5 . To;}u/L c:ktfnn] cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnL ;an u/L
clwstd pknlAw k|fKt ug{ k|of]uzfnfdf k|of]u x'g] ;fdu|Lsf] v]/ hfg] b/ tf]sL pknlAwsf] gD;{
;d]t :jLs[t ug'{kb{5 . k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ /fli6\o hg:jf:Yo k|of]uzfnfdf ^$ k|ltzt, e/tk'/
c:ktfndf $) k|ltzt -le6fldg aL !@_, k/f]ksf/ k|;"lt tyf :qL/f]u c:ktfnn] #) k|ltzt /
zxLb wd{eQm /fli6\o k|Tof/f]k0f s]Gb|df $) k|ltzt;Dd l/Ph]G6 tyf s]ldsN; v]/ uPsf] l:ylt 5 .
vr{ lgoGq0fnfO{ e/kbf]{ agfpg nfe nfut b[li6sf]0fn] l/Ph]G6 tyf s]ldsN; cfk"t{snfO{ k/LIf0f
;+Vofsf] cfwf/df e'QmfgL ug]{ jf cGo ljsNk;d]tnfO{ Wofg lbO{ ;f]sf] Joj:yfkg ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
18. cfsl:ds ;]jf – :jf:Yo ;+:yf :yfkgf, ;~rfng tyf :t/f]Gglt dfkb08;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&)
cg';f/ c:ktfndf hl8t s'n zøofsf] !) k|ltzt zøof cfsl:ds ;]jfsf] nflu x'g'kg]{ dfkb08 5 .
dfkb08cg';f/ cfsl:ds sIfdf 6\fon ?dsf] Joj:yf u/L la/fdLsf] la/fdLkgcg';f/ cfsl:ds
sIfsf] Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 . dfkb08cg';f/ cfsl:ds zøof ;DaGwdf k/LIf0f ubf{ lrlsT;f lj1fg
/fli6\o k|lti7fg -jL/ c:ktfn_ df $^) ;~rflnt zøofcg';f/ $^ zøof x'g'kg]{df $$, e/tk'/
c:ktfndf ;~rflnt ^)) zøofcg';f/ ^) zøof x'g'kg]{df !@, kf6g :jf:Yo lj1fg k|lti7fgdf %&)
zøofcg';f/ %& zøof x'g'kg]{df #$ zøof /x]sf] kfOof] . kf6g afx]s cGo c:ktfndf 6\fon ?dsf]
Joj:yf u/L la/fdLkgadf]lhd la/fdL juL{s/0f u/]sf] kfOPg . tf]lsPadf]lhd cfsl:ds sIf gx'Fbf
Pp6} zøofdf @.# hgf la/fdL /fv]/ ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ u/]sf]n] dfkb08cg';f/ cfsl:ds zøofsf]
Joj:yf u/L ;]jf k|jfx r':t agfpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
19. cg'udg – cfˆgf] sfo{ If]qleqsf hg:jf:Yo;DaGwL ;+:yfx? tf]lsPsf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L ;~rfngdf
/x] g/x]sf] cg'udg ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . If]qLo :jf:Yo lgb]{zgfno, dsjfgk'/n] of] jif{ wg'iff lhNnfsf
:jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] cg'udg u/]sf]df !# :jf:Yo ;+:YffdWo] hgsk'/l:yt ( kf]lnlSnlgs ;~rfng
cg'dlt g} glnO{ ;~rfngdf /x]sf] cg'udg k|ltj]bgaf6 b]lvPsf] 5 . ;f]xL lgb]{zgfnodf /x]sf]
u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f;DaGwL @)&#.&$ sf] Ifo/f]u -6L=aL=_ ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg k/LIf0f ubf{ !) :jf:Yo
;+:yfn] kf]lhl6e l/kf]6{ lbg'kg]{df g]u]l6e pNn]v u/]sf] / # ;+:yfn] g]u]l6e pNn]v ug'{kg]{df kf]lhl6e
lbPsf]n] unt l/kf]6{ lbPsf] kfOof] . h;sf] sf/0f cf}iflw ;]jg ug{ gkg]{nfO{ cf}iflw lbg' k/]sf] /
cf}iflw ;]jg ug{ kg]{nfO{ cf}iflw glbPsf] cj:yf l;h{gf x'g;Sg] hf]lvd /x]sf] 5 . lhNnf hg:jf:Yo
sfof{no, g]kfnuGhsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ $ lghL c:ktfn / kf]lnlSnlgssf] k|of]uzfnfdf Ps} ;dosf]
/utsf] gd'gf k7fPsf]df k|fKt glthf ljZn]if0f ubf{ :jLsf/f]lQm txeGbf km/s km/s glthf k|fKt
ePsf] 5 . o;af6 k|of]uzfnfsf] u'0f:t/df ljZj:t x'g] cj:yf b]lvPg . btf{ geO{ k|of]uzfnf
;~rfng ug]{ sfo{ lgoGq0f ug{ / :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrt ug{ lgodgsf/L lgsfon]
cg'udgsf] bfo/f lj:tf/ ug'{kb{5 .
• cf}iflw e08f/ Joj:yfkg
20. cf}iflw df}Hbft – lgMz'Ns ?kdf pknAw u/fpg 3f]if0ff u/]sf cf}iflw tyf cf}iflwhGo ;fdfgsf] vkt
df}HbftnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL cfjZostfsf] klxrfg / ;f]cg';f/ jflif{s vl/b of]hgf tof/ u/L vl/b sfo{
ug'{kb{5 . :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefun] :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] :t/cg';f/ :jLs[t cf};t df}Hbft kl/df0f /
cfsl:ds dfu ljGb';d]t tf]s]sf] b]lvG5 . ljefun] pknAw u/fPsf cf}iflw Joj:yfkg;DaGwL sfo{sf]
cfk"lt{ Joj:yf ;DaGwdf #& k|sf/sf cf}iflw tyf cf}iflwhGo ;fdu|Lsf] @)&% cfiff9sf] df}Hbft
k/LIf0f ubf{ * k|sf/sf cf}iflw clwstd df}Hbft !! b]lv !% dlxgfnfO{ k'Ug] x'g'kg]{df !$ b]lv **
dlxgfnfO{ k'Ug] / !% k|sf/sf cf}iflwsf] Go"gtd df}Hbft ^ b]lv !! dlxgf;Ddsf] nflu x'g'kg]{df !
dlxgfb]lv !) dlxgfnfO{ dfq pknAw u/fpg ;lsg] u/L df}Hbft /x]sf] b]lvof] . cf}iflwsf] df}Hbft
a9L x'bF f Dofb ;dfKt eO{ cgfjZos Jooef/ a9\g] / Go"g x'Fbf ;]jf k|jfxdf c;/ kg{ ;Sg] hf]lvd
b]lvFbf cf}iflw df}Hbft Joj:yfkg sdhf]/ /x]sf] 5 .
21. cf}iflw Go"g df}Hbft – :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefun] pknAw u/fPsf] ljj/0f cg';f/ @)&% cfiff9 d;fGtsf]
s]xL cf}iflw P6«f]ef:6fl6g @) Pd=hL=, sf]lN6«dfhf]n k];/L !)) Pd=hL=, Snf]S;fl;lng !@% Pd=hL=,
Ogfnflk|n @=% Pd=hL=, ˆnf]S;6fOg !) Pd=hL=, k|ln8f]S;Lg, OGh]S;g %)) Pd=hL=sf] df}Hbft
k/LIf0f ubf{ pQm cf}iflwx? s]Gb|Lo tyf If]qLo d]l8sn :6f]/df z"Go df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L P=8L=
l;l/~h )=)% Pd=Pn=, qmf]l6d 6]Jn]6 / le6fldg P ;d]t s]Gb|Lo d]l8sn :6f]/df df}Hbft z"Go /x]sf]
5.
n]vfk/LIf0fsf] qmddf s]xL c:ktfn tyf :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] lg/LIf0f tyf @)&% sf] lhG;L vftf
k/LIf0f ubf{ pbok'/ c:ktfndf Snf]/f]dkm]lgsnnufot !% k|sf/sf, lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no,
bfr{'nfdf l;k|mf]Knf]l;l;lngnufot ( k|sf/sf, s~rgk'/df d]6\f]lg8fhf]nnufot $& k|sf/sf, kfNkfdf
## k|sf/sf, kfFry/df kf/fl;6fdf]nnufot !) k|sf/sf cf}iflw z"Go df}Hbft /x]sf], lhNnf c:ktfn,
:ofª\hfdf @)&%.*.!@ df lhG;L lg/LIf0f ubf{ hLjghn, PlDkl;lngnufot !! k|sf/sf] cf}iflwsf]
df}Hbft z"Go /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L dgfªdf hLjghn cefjsf sf/0f sfof{non] vl/b u/L vr{ n]v]sf]
5 . ljefun] c3f{vfFrL, ;f]n'v'Da', /fd]5fk, k;f{nufotsf lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no tyf :jf:Yo
rf}sLsf] cg'udg ubf{ Pdf]S;L;LnLg, d]6\flg8fhf]nnufotsf cf}iflw cToGt Go"g ?kdf /x]sf] pNn]v
u/]sf] 5 . cf}iflwsf] cfjZostf / df}Hbftcg';f/ cfk"lt{ Joj:yfkg gu/]sf]n] :jf:Yo ;]jf k|jfxdf
k|ToIf c;/ k/]sf] 5 .
o;}u/L afn :jf:Yo dxfzfvfcGtu{t ufeL -Unf]an PnfOG; km/ EoflS;g P08 ODo'gfOh];g
km08_ af6 k|fKt x'g] ?=@! s/f]8 %) nfv d"Nosf] vf]kdWo] ?=@ s/f]8sf] cfO=kL=eL= EofS;Lg %#
xhf/ %$) efon k|fKt ePsf] 5}g . dfkb08cg';f/ cf}iflw cfk"lt{ / df}Hbft Joj:yfkg sfo{

22. Dofb gf3]sf cf}iflw – ;/sf/n] lgMz'Ns pknAw u/fpg 3f]if0ff u/]sf tyf cGo cf}iflw;d]t pkof]u
ug{ ;lsg] u/L Joj:yfkg ug'{kb{5 . of] jif{ cf}iflwsf] df}Hbft k/LIf0f ubf{ kfNkf c:ktfndf $,
Ko'7fgdf $, wf}nflu/L c:ktfndf %, lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no, /fd]5fkdf *, wgs'6fdf @$,
gjnk/f;Ldf &, 8f]6Ldf ^, b}n]vdf #, d':tfªdf !$ k|sf/sf cf}iflwsf] Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
To;}u/L /fds'df/ pdfk|;fb :df/s c:ktfn, nxfgdf OGh]S;g cf/=Pn= ^)) af]6nsf] Dofb @)!(
clk|n;Dd ePsf]df If]qLo d]l8sn :6f]/, lj/f6gu/af6 k|fKt pQm cf}iflw 9';L nfuL k|of]uljxLg
cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 . dfly pNn]v ul/Psf lhNnfsf] cltl/Qm cGo :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf ;d]t Dofb ;dfKt
ePsf cf}iflw /x]sf] b]lvG5 . Psftk{m hLjghnsf] Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] / csf]{tk{m ;f]xL cf}iflwsf]
cefj eO{ lhNnfn] g} vl/b ug'{ k/]sf] b]lvG5 . pko'{Qm l:yltn] cf}iflw Joj:yfkg kIf ;an b]lvPg .
cf}iflw Joj:yfkg sfo{df yk ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
23. lgMz'Ns cf}iflwsf] ;"rL – cTofjZos k|fylds ;]jf u'0f:t/Lo Pj+ k|efjsf/L ?kdf pknAw u/fpg
cfly{s jif{ @)^$.^% b]lv :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefun] &) k|sf/sf cf}iflw lgMz'Ns ljt/0fsf] sfo{qmd z'?
u/]sf] 5 . To;/L pknAw u/fPsf] cf}iflw u'0f:t/Lo / ;'/lIft x'g'kb{5 . cg';"rLdf pNn]v ul/Psf
cf}iflwsf] u'0f:t/ / To;sf] c;/ ;DaGwdf :jf:Yo lj1;Fu 5nkmn ubf{ xfn cg';"rLdf pNn]v u/]sf
cf}iflweGbf a9L ;'/lIft / k|efjsf/L cf}iflw ahf/df pknAw ePsf]n] ;"rLdf kl/dfh{g ug'{kg]{
hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5 . cf}iflw ljt/0f ;"rLdf ;dfj]z cf}iflwsf] yk cWoog / ljZn]if0fåf/f ;f]
;"rLnfO{ cBfjlws u/L cTofjZos Pj+ k|fylds :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog
ug'{kb{5 .
24. kmfd]{;L ;~rfng – :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;a}sf] kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug{ / bIf hgzlQmdfk{mt c:ktfnx?af6
cfˆg} kmfd]{;L ;~rfng u/L la/fdL Pj+ ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ ;'ne tyf u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf k'¥ofpg g]kfn
;/sf/n] kmfd]{;L ;]jf lgb]{lzsf, @)&@ hf/L u/L nfu" u/]sf] 5 . aL=kL= sf]O/fnf d]df]l/on SofG;/
c:ktfn lrtjg, dxfsfnL c~rn c:ktfn, ;'g;/L lhNnf c:ktfnnufotsf c:ktfnn] of] jif{ klg
kmfd]{;L ;]jf ;~rfng u/]sf 5}gg\ . kmfd]{;L ;]jf ;~rfng u/]sf c:ktfndf ;d]t lgb]{lzsfadf]lhd
;'ne ?kdf ;a} k|sf/sf cf}iflw gePsf], gfkmf gf]S;fg b]lvg] u/L ljQLo ljj/0f tof/ gu/]sf],
k|To]s dlxgfsf] laqmLsf] !) k|ltzt / jiff{Gtdf gfkmfsf] () k|ltzt c:ktfnsf] d"n vftfdf hDdf
gu/]sf], clGtd df}Hbftsf] ef}lts lg/LIf0f u/L df}Hbft olsg gu/]sf], kmd]{;Lsf] nflu bIf hgzlQm
Joj:yfkg gePsf] h:tf cj:yf b]lvPsf 5g\ . lgb]{lzsfsf k|fjwfg sfof{Gjog u/L ;]jf k|jfx
k|efjsf/L u/fpg'kb{5 .
lgb]{lzsfsf] a'Fbf !& df ljz]if cf}lrTo ePsf]df afx]s la/fdLnfO{ vf; a|f08 tf]sL cf}iflw
l;kmfl/; ug{ gx'g] pNn]v 5 . e/tk'/, sflGt afn, z'qm/fh 6«lksn, k/f]ksf/ k|;"lt tyf :qL/f]u,
zxLb wd{eQm /fli6\o k|Tof/f]k0f s]Gb|nufotsf c:ktfnsf] k|]liqmK;gsf] gd'gf k/LIf0f ubf{ a|f08
tf]sL cf}iflw l;kmfl/; u/]sf] b]lvof] . lgb]{lzsfsf] k|fjwfg kfngf ug'{kb{5 .
25. kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkg – c:ktfnsf] ;]jf k|jfx r':t x'g c:ktfn kl/;/sf] jftfj/0f :jR5 x'g'kb{5 .
c:ktfnaf6 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/nfO{ s'lxg] gs'lxg] u/L Jojl:yt ug'{kg]{df sflGt afn c:ktfn, e/tk'/
c:ktfnnufotsf c:ktfnn] c:ktfnhGo pTkflbt kmf]xf]/sf] Joj:yfkg k|efjsf/L ?kdf ug{ ;s]sf]
kfOPg . To;}u/L c:ktfnleq zf}rfnodf kof{Kt kfgL, ;fa'g gePsf], zf}rfnosf 9f]sf ;d]t
lalu|Psf] cj:yfn] la/fdL tyf cfuGt'snfO{ yk sl7gfO ePsf] cj:yf 5 . c:ktfndf yk ;+qmd0f
gx'g] u/L ;kmfOsf] Joj:yfkg x'g'kb{5 .
of] jif{ sflGt afn c:ktfndf ;/;kmfOsf] nflu %% hgf sfdbf/ cfk"lt{ ug{ ?=&^ nfv (*
xhf/sf] ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . ;/;kmfO{ l:yltsf] :ynut lg/LIf0f ubf{ cf]=kL=8L= cufl8sf] zf}rfno
hfd eO{ b'u{lGwt /x]sf], c:ktfnsf] klZrdklt kmf]x/sf] 8lDkË /x]sf]n] ;/;kmfO{ sfo{ Jojl:yt
ePsf] b]lvPg .

26. j}b]lzs ;xof]u – g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ wf/f !!^ df g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt x'g] h'g;'s} /sd
cGo s'g} Joj:yf gul/Pdf ;+3Lo ;l~rtsf]ifdf hDdf x'g] / ljlgof]hg P]gaf6 vr{ ug]{ Joj:yf 5 .
cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] bkmf @&-@_ adf]lhd sfof{nodf k|fKt ePsf] jf x'g] j}b]lzs
;xfotfnfO{ jflif{s sfo{qmd tyf ah]6df k|ltljlDat u/fO{ cfDbfgL vr{ ug'{kg]{ k|fjwfg 5 . j}b]lzs
;xfotfsf] k|efjsfl/tf;DaGwL k]l/; l;4fGtn] gLltut cfj4tf x'g'kg]{ / j}b]lzs ;xfotf kl/rfng
oyf;Dej /fli6«o k|0ffnLdfkm{t x'g'kg]{ k|0ffnLut cfa4tfnfO{ hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . ljsf; ;xfotf gLltsf]
k|s/0f @=@=( n] æljsf; ;xfotf /fli6«o ah]6 k|0ffnLdfkm{t kl/rfng ul/g] / o:tf ;a} ;xfotfsf]
n]vfk/LIf0f dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{noaf6 x'g]5 .Æ egL gLltut :ki6tf lbPsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf
b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDg 5g\M
26.1. :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfnocGtu{t Unf]an km08af6 Pr=cfO{=eL= P8\;, 6L=aL= tyf dn]l/of /f]u
lgoGq0f sfo{qmdsf nflu gub cg'bfg k|fKt x'g] u/]sf] 5 . Unf]an km08af6 k|fKt x'g] cg'bfg :jf:Yo
dGqfnocGtu{tsf lgsfox?af6 /f]u lgoGq0f sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf pkof]u x'Fb} cfPsf]df ;f]adf]lhd
sfof{Gjog gu/L dGqfno, Unf]an km08 / ;]e b lrN8\]gaLrsf] lqkIfLo ;Demf}tfadf]lhd ;]e b
lrN8\]gn] dGqfnosf] ;§fdf k|d'v k|flKtstf{ eO{ sfo{ ul//x]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf cy{ dGqfnosf]
@)&%.@.@! sf] kqdf dGqfno d'Vo k|flKtstf{ x'g of]Uo x'g g;s]sf]n] ;]e b lrN8\]gdfkm{t
sfof{Gjog ug]{ ljsNk cjnDag ug{] u/L ;Demf}tf ePsf] kfOof] . ;/sf/L lgsfox?n] ;dodf
k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog ug{ g;s]sf], cdfGo vr{ / a]?h" w]/} /x]sf], ljQLo cg'zf;g sdhf]/
/x]sf] h:tf sf/0fx?af6 bft[ lgsfosf] b[li6sf]0fdf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ;Ifd dflgg g;s]sf]
hfgsf/L x'g cfPsf] 5 . ;/sf/L lgsfosf] sdL sdhf]/Lsf sf/0f pko'{Qm cj:yf l;h{gf x'g'
dgfl;a b]lvPg . ;]e b lrN8\]gn] ;g\ @)!%, @)!^ tyf ;g\ @)!& df o;/L k|d'v k|flKtstf{ eO{
sfo{ ;DkGg ul/;s]sf] b]lvG5 . o; k|lqmofadf]lhd sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog;Fu ;DalGwt cf}iflw, pks/0f
vl/b, hgzlQm kl/rfng, ;]jf k|jfx / e'QmfgL n]vf k|ltj]bg, n]vfk/LIf0f nufot ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ ;]e b
lrN8\]gdfk{mt x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
26.2. /fli6\o Ifo/f]u s]Gb|, Olkl8dLof]nf]hL tyf /f]u lgoGq0f dxfzfvf / /fli6\o P8\; tyf of}g/f]u s]Gb|
cGtu{t ;g\ @)!& df cd]l/sL 8n/ ! s/f]8 *) nfv @# xhf/ /ftf] lstfadf ;dfj]z ug]{ u/L / @
s/f]8 %) nfv ( xhf/ k|fljlws ;xfotfsf] ?kdf ;]e b lrN8\]gn] k|of]u ug]{ u/L hDdf $ s/f]8 #)
nfv #@ xhf/ cd]l/sL 8n/sf] ;Demf}tf ePsf] kfOof] . o;/L j}b]lzs ;xfotf k|fKt ug]{ d'n'ssf]
;+oGqdfkm{t kl/rfng / g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg / cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL ljk/Lt ;+3Lo ;l~rtsf]ifdf
hDdf gu/L s'n Unf]an km08af6 k|fKt x'g] ?=$ ca{ &# s/f]8 ( nfv #* xhf/ ;/sf/L ;+oGqeGbf
aflx/ ;]e b lrN8\]gdfkm{t vr{ ug]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . /fli6\o Ifo/f]u s]Gb|af6 o;jif{ j:t'ut
;xfotf ?=! s/f]8 &# nfv # xhf/, km:6 nfOg / ;]s]08 nfOg cf}iflw vl/b ;f]e}m e'QmfgL ?=!%
s/f]8 ^# nfv %% xhf/, lk|len]G; ;e]{ ?=!) s/f]8 !& nfv ^^ xhf/ / % j6f u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{
e'QmfgL ?=!) s/f]8 ^$ nfv $# xhf/;d]t ?=#* s/f]8 !* nfv ^& xhf/, /fli6\o P8\; tyf
of}g/f]u s]Gb|tk{m ?=$) s/f]8 !! nfv @& xhf/, Olkl8ldof]nf]hL dxfzfvftk{m ?=$ nfv #@ xhf/ /
dxfzfvfdfk{mt ljleGg lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no uPsf] ?=! s/f]8 %# nfv !% xhf/ tyf j:t'ut
;xfotf ?=!( s/f]8 (@ nfv !$ xhf/;d]t ?=@! s/f]8 $( nfv ^! xhf/sf] ljlgof]lht ah]6 ;]e
b lrN8\]g dfk{mt sfof{Gjog u/]sf] 5 . j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf] sfof{Gjog ;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 u/fpg]
Joj:yf ldnfO{ dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{noaf6 n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg'kb{5 .
27. n]vfk/LIf0f – cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf !^ df ljlgof]hg ah]6df ;dfj]z ePsf] vr{sf]
n]vfk/LIf0f dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{noaf6 u/fpg'kg]{df lgDgfg';f/sf] vr{sf] ;|]:tf n]vfk/LIf0fsf
nflu k]; ePgM
27.1. bft[ lgsfoaf6 k|fKt ePsf] vr{sf] ljj/0f / ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df afn :jf:Yo dxfzfvfn] ^ bft[
lgsfoaf6 k|fKt ?=$# s/f]8 ^% nfv (^ xhf/ / Olkl8dLof]nf]hL tyf /f]u lgoGq0f dxfzfvn] ;f]e}m
e'QmfgLtk{msf] ?=$^ s/f]8 #) nfv #^ xhf/ vr{sf] ljj/0f pknAw u/fPsf]df n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf
5}gg\ .
27.2. j:t'ut ;xfotf k|fKt ePsf] b]vfO{ afn :jf:Yo dxfzfvfn] ?=@& s/f]8 %& nfv (( xhf/, /fli6\o
P8\; tyf of}g/f]u s]Gb|n] ?=#) s/f]8 @) nfv #$ xhf/, Olkl8dLof]nf]hL tyf /f]u lgoGq0f
dxfzfvfn] ?=!( s/f]8 (@ nfv !$ xhf/ / /fli6\o Ifo/f]u s]Gb|n] ?=! s/f]8 &# nfv $ xhf/;d]t
?=&( s/f]8 $# nfv %! xhf/ ;dfj]z u/L ljQLo ljj/0f tof/ u/]sf]df j:t'ut ;xfotf k|fKt ug]{
;Demf}tfnufot ;|]:tf sfuhft tof/ u/L n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg'kb{5 .
27.3. /fli6\o Ifo/f]u s]Gb|n] ah]6df ;dfj]z ePsf] ?=!% s/f]8 ^# nfv %% xhf/ d"No a/fa/sf cf}iflw
lhG;L cfDbfgL b]vfP tfklg cfly{s ljj/0fdf ;dfj]z gu/]sf] ;d]t ?=#^ s/f]8 $% nfv ^$
xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf] 5}g .
:jf:Yo ;]jf ljefu
;a} ju{, If]q / ;d'bfosf gful/ssf] :jf:Yo ;]jfdf kxF'r / ;]jfsf] pknAwtf ;'lglZrt ub}{
u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfg ug]{, :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] kx'Frdf :t/f]Gglt ug{ kf]if0f, lj:tfl/t vf]k, cf}iflw Pj+
pks/0fx? b]ze/sf ljleGg :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf ;xh ?kdf cfk"lt{sf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] nufotsf sfo{ ug{
ljefusf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] .
28. ;xfotfsf] pkof]u – ljefucGtu{t ^ dxfzfvfsf] nflu of] jif{ ?=! ca{ &@ s/f]8 !( nfv j}b]lzs
;xfotftk{m ljlgof]lhtdWo] ?=&^ s/f]8 (@ nfv -$$=^& k|ltzt_ vr{ ePsf] 5 . j}b]lzs
;xfotfsf] pkof]udf sdL b]lvPsf]n] ;f]sf] sf/0f klxrfg u/L pkof]udf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg'kb{5 .
29. vf]k pkof]u – ljefun] lgMz'Ns ?kdf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] vf]k ;Dej eP;Dd v]/
ghfg] u/L nufpg] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 . ljleGg :jf:Yo ;+:yf tyf :jf:Yo s]Gb|x?n] cfˆg} tj/af6 vf]k
sfo{tflnsf agfPsf] kfOof] . sfof{non] pknAw u/fPsf] ljj/0fcg';f/ of] jif{ vf]k lnPsf] ;+Vof / ;f]sf]
nflu v]/ uPsf] vf]ksf] ;+Vof b]xfocg';f/ 5M
vf]k nufPsf] vf]k vr{ ePsf] vf]k v]/ uPsf]
vf]ksf gfd v]/ uPsf] k|ltzt
-;+Vof_ -;+Vof_ -;+Vof_
aL=;L=hL= 573796 2479312 1905516 332.08
8L=kL=6L= 1592768 2024492 431724 27.1
bfb'/f ?j]nf 916535 1794117 877582 95.75
kf]lnof] cf]=kL=eL= 1602682 2058300 455618 28.43
h]=O{= 492017 881376 389359 79.13
6L=8L= 793101 1182444 389343 49.09
kL=;L=eL= 1574415 1762295 187880 11.93
j}b]lzs d'b|fdf vl/b x'g] vf]ksf] dfqf a9L v]/ uPsf] l:yltn] ldtJooL / s'zn ?kdf
sfo{qmd ;~rfng gePsf] cj:yf 5 . vf]ksf] 8f]h vf]ln;s] kZrft\\ lglZrt cjlwdf pkof]u ug'{kg]{
/ 8f]hcg';f/ pkof]u x'g g;s]df :jtM v]/ hfg] sf/0f v]/ hfg] b/ a9L ePsf] :jf:Yo ;+:yfn]
pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . vf]k lng] tflnsfdf plrt Joj:yfkg ldnfO{ v]/ ghfg] u/L k|of]u ug'{kb{5 .
30. cf}iflw vl/b – k|fylds :jf:Yo ;]jf k'ghf{u/0f dxfzfvfn] @)&$.%.!$ df lgMz'Ns :jf:Yosf] nflu
cTofjZos cf}iflw vl/b ug{ ?=(^ s/f]8 %^ nfv @$ xhf/sf] nfut cg'dfg u/L cf}iflw vl/b
of]hgf cfk"lt{ dxfzfvfdf k7fPsf] b]lvof] . ;f] vl/b of]hgfcg';f/ of] jif{ cf}iflw vl/b ug{ ?=%*
s/f]8 %^ nfv &) xhf/sf] ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefun] @)&$.%.@( df :jLs[t u/]sf]
jflif{s vl/b of]hgfcg';f/ @( k|sf/sf cf}iflwx? @)&$.&% df cfk"lt{ ug]{ pNn]v 5 .

;dodf vl/b Joj:yfkg x'g g;s]sf], k|fljlws ?kdf af]nkq :jLsf/ geO{ k'gM af]nkq
cfXjfg ug'{ k/]sf] nufotsf sf/0faf6 jflif{s vl/b of]hgfcg';f/ o; jif{ vl/b sfo{ ;DkGg
x'g'kg]{df vl/b ;Demf}tfdWo] ?=!) s/f]8 !& nfv *@ xhf/ d"Nosf] cf}iflw dfq of] cfly{s jif{df
k|fKt ePsf] 5 . of] k|flKt vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] !& k|ltztdfq x'g cfp+5 . To;}u/L cfk"lt{ ;Demf}tf
ePsf @( k|sf/sf cf}iflwdWo] @)&%.&.!* ;Dd * k|sf/sf cf}iflw dfq k"/} cfk"lt{ ePsf], * k|sf/sf
cf}iflw cf+lzs ?kdf dfq cfk"lt{ ePsf] / !# k|sf/sf cf}iflw k|fKt g} gePsf] cj:yf 5 . o;af6
gful/sn] k|fKt ug'{kg]{ lgMz'Ns cf}iflw k|fKt geO{ ;]jf k|jfxdf k|ToIf c;/ kg]{ b]lvG5 . jflif{s vl/b
of]hgfcg';f/ cf}iflw vl/b ug{ :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefun] Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
31. cf]/n l/xfO8\]zg ;fN6 – :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefu, cfk"lt{ Joj:yf dxfzfvfn] ! s/f]8 ks]6 cf]/n
l/xfO8\];g ;fN6 -hLjghn_ vl/b ug{ Ps cfk"t{s;Fu @)&$.#.& b]lv @)&$.!@.$ ;Dd $ n6df
k|lt n6 @% nfv Kofs]6 cfk"lt{ ug]{ u/L @)&#.!@.!) df ?=^ s/f]8 ! nfvsf] ;Demf}tf u/]sf] b]lvof] .
cfk"t{sn] @)&%.#.!$ df !% nfv % xhf/ Kofs]6 / @)&%.#.* df ^ nfv @@ xhf/;d]t klxnf]
lzkd]G6sf] @! nfv @& xhf/ Kofs]6 dfq cfk"lt{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . cfk"lt{ u/]sf] kl/df0fsf] d"No ?=!
s/f]8 @& nfv *# xhf/sf] *) k|ltzt e'QmfgL ubf{ k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{afkt !) k|ltztn] x'g]
?=^) nfv !) xhf/ s§L u/L e'QmfgL u/] tfklg tTkZrft\\ afFsL &* nfv &# xhf/sf] cf]/n
l/xfO8\];g ;fN6 cfk"lt{ ePsf] 5}g . ;fy} @)&%.#.* b]lv Dofb yk ;d]t ePsf] b]lvPg . ljefun]
pknAw u/fPsf] cfk"lt{ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLcg';f/ pQm cf}iflwsf] df}Hbft Go"gtd ( dlxgfsf]
nflu k'Ug] u/L Joj:yfkg ug'{kg]{df @)&% cfiff9 d;fGtsf] b]ze/sf] df}Hbftn] # dlxgf;Dd dfq k'Ug]
u/L Go"g df}Hbft b]lvPsf] 5 . To;}u/L s]Gb|Lo d]l8sn :6f]/, kyn}of / If]qLo d]l8sn :6f]/, wgu9Ldf
@)&% cfiff9 d;fGtsf] df}Hbft z"Go /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . ljefun] kl5Nnf] k6s cfk"lt{ ug{ @)&%.@.!%
df kqfrf/ u/] tfklg cfk"lt{ u/]sf] 5}g .
klxnf] lzkd]G6sf] cfk"lt{ ug]{ cjlw !$ dlxgf;Dd l9nf] ePsf] cj:yfn] pQm cf}iflwsf]
cefjsf] sf/0f :jf:Yo ;+:yfn] a9L d"Nodf vl/b ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . ut jif{sf] jflif{s
sfo{qmdcg';f/ vl/b x'g'kg]{ cTofjZos cf}iflw of] cfly{s jif{df ;d]t cfk"lt{ gx'g'n] cfk"lt{
Joj:yfkg kIf sdhf]/ /x]sf] eO{ lgMz'Ns ljt/0f ug'{kg]{ cf}iflw cefjn] ;]jf k|jfxdf k|ToIf c;/
kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 . cf}iflw cfk"lt{df ;+nUg kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfOg'kb{5 .
32. kf/fl;6fdf]n ;:k]G;g – ljefun] kf/fl;6fdf]n ;:k]G;g ^) Pd=Pn= !@% Pd=hL= !# nfv ^$ xhf/
af]6n ljleGg # n6df & dlxgfleq cfk"lt{ ug{ Ps cfk"t{s;Fu !( hgj/L @)!* -@)&$ df3 %_ df
;Demf}tf u/]sf] b]lvof] . cfk"t{sn] sRrf kbfy{ cfk"lt{ ug{ ef/tLo ;/sf/sf] gLlt kl/jt{g / ;Ldf
If]qdf hfd ePsf] sf/0f v'nfO{ Dofb yksf] nflu lgj]bg lbPsf]df klxnf] n6sf] # nfv ^$ xhf/
af]6nsf] z'? Dofb !( d] @)!* nfO{ kl/jt{g u/L !& cui6 @)!* / bf];|f] n6 % nfv af]6nsf] z'?
Dofb # h'nfO{ @)!* nfO{ kl/jt{g u/L # ;]K6]Da/ @)!* sfod u/]sf] 5 . ljefun] ;f] cjlwdf
k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ glng] u/L @)&%.#.@@ df Dofb yk u/] tfklg tTkZrft\ cf}iflw cfk"lt{ ug{ yk
sf/afxL cufl8 a9fPsf] ;d]t b]lvPg . Dofb yk ubf{ cfk"lt{ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLcg';f/
@)&%.#.@) df pQm cf}iflwsf] df}Hbft cj:yf Hofb} Go"g /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f] cjlwdf sf:sL / d'u'
lhNnfe/ pQm cf}iflwsf] df}Hbft z"Go /x]sf] b]lvG5 . afnaRrfsf] :jf:Yo;Fu ;DalGwt cTofjZos
cf}iflwsf] ;"rLdf juL{s[t pQm cf}iflwsf] cefj x'g'n] cf}iflw Joj:yfkg sfo{ ;+j]bgzLn ?kdf
;~rfng ePsf] b]lvPg . ;Demf}tfsf] zt{adf]lhd k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ lnO{ cfk"lt{ ug'{ u/fpg'kb{5 .
33. 8S;L;fOlSng SofK;'n – :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefu / b'O{ cfk"{ts aLr 8f]S;L;fOlSng SofK;'n !))
Pd=hL= sf] @ s/f]8 SofK;'n ;Demf}tf ldltn] !%) lbgleq b'O{ n6df cfk"lt{ ug{ @* k]ma|'c/L / dfr{
@@, @)!& df ?=@ s/f]8 ^* nfvsf] ;Demf}tf ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;Demf}tfsf] a'Fbf g+= @%=@ df cf}iflwsf]
dfkb08 8Jn'=Pr=cf]= hL=Pd=kL= ;l6{kmfO8 x'g'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . cfk"t{sn] @)&$.&.@^ df o:tf
k|sf/sf sRrf kbfy{ kfpg c;dy{ ePsf]n] ;L=hL=Pd=kL= ;l6{kmfO8 sRrf kbfy{ k|of]u ug{ kqfrf/
u/]sf] 5 . cf}iflw Joj:yf ljefun] kl/jt{g ug{ gldNg] /fo lbP kZrft\ ;Demf}tfsf] zt{ ;+zf]wg
ul/Psf] 5}g . tTkZrft\\ @)&%.@.!! sf] lg0f{oadf]lhd ;Demf}tfadf]lhds} 6]lSgsn :k]l;lkms];gdf
ePsf] k|fjwfg g} km/s gkg]{ u/L Ps dlxgfleq cf}iflw cfk"lt{ ug{ cfk"t{snfO{ hfgsf/L u/fPsf]
b]lvG5 . cfk"lt{ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] tYofÍadf]lhd @)&% cfiff9 d;fGtdf If]qLo d]l8sn
:6f]/, g]kfnuGh, x]6f}+8f, lj/f6gu/, a'6jn tyf s]Gb|Lo d]l8sn :6f]/, kyn}ofdf pQm cf}iflwsf]
df}Hbft z"Go /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;Demf}tfsf] zt{adf]lhd @)&$.%.! leq cfk"lt{ eO;Sg'kg]{ pQm cf}iflw
n]vfk/LIf0f cjlw @)&%.%.$ ;Dd cfk"lt{ ePsf] b]lvPsf] 5}g . ;Demf}tfsf] zt{ adf]lhd cfk"lt{ sfo{
ug'{ u/fpg'kb{5 .
34. ;Demf}tfsf] cGt – ljefu / Ps cfk"t{saLr @! ;]K6]Da/ @)!! df lgMz'Ns ljt/0f ul/g] sDkfp08
;f]l8od / le6fldg aL sDKn]S; vl/b ug{ ?=@) s/f]8 (^ nfv *@ xhf/df # jif{leq cfk"lt{ ug]{ u/L
;Demf}tf ePsf] b]lvG5 . le6fldg aL sDKn]S; #$ s/f]8 *$ nfv %) xhf/ 6\ofan]6dWo] !* s/f]8
&$ nfv !( xhf/ 6\ofAn]6 ;KnfO{ ug{ afFsL /x]sf]df cfk"lt{stf{sf] k]:sL ?=! s/f]8 ^* nfv ^&
xhf/ a/fa/sf] cf}iflwdfq dfu ug]{ lg0f{o u/L # s/f]8 &$ nfv *# xhf/ 6\ofAn]6 dfq cfk"lt{ u/L
;Demf}tf cg'?ksf] ?=^ s/f]8 &$ nfv a/fa/sf] !$ s/f]8 (( nfv #% xhf/ &)) 6\ofAn]6 cf}iflw
cfk"lt{ g} gu/L ljefusf] @)&$.%.* sf] lg0f{on] ;Demf}tf cGt u/]sf] 5 .
o;/L @! ;]K6]Da/ @)!! df # jif{sf] nflu ePsf] ;Demf}tfdf #* s/f]8 *$ nfv %) xhf/
rSsL cf}iflw vl/b ug]{ pNn]v ePsf]df ;f] cf}iflw @)&$.&% b]lv lgMz'Ns cf}iflwsf] lni6af6
x6fOPsf] 5 . ;f] cfk"lt{stf{n] ;g\ @)!$ k]ma|'c/L @* leq ;fdfg cfk"lt{ ug'{kg]{df clws df}Hbft
ePsf] hgfO{ bf];|f] n6sf] cf+lzs / t];|f] n6sf] ;Dk"0f{ cf}iflw cfk"lt{ gu/]sf]df ;f]xL cj:yfdf 7]Ssf
6'+Uofpg] lg0f{o ePaf6 cf}iflw vl/bsf] cfjZostf klxrfg / vl/b Joj:yfkg pko'Qm / oyfy{
tj/n] u/]sf] b]lvPg . ;f] cf}iflw lgMz'Ns cf}iflwsf] ;"rLaf6 x6]sf] cj:yfdf ;d]t cfk"t{snfO{ lbPsf]
k]:sL c;'n gu/L k]:sL /sdn] vfDg] a/fa/sf] cf}iflw y]/fk]l6s k|of]usf] nflu cfk"lt{ u/fpg] /
7]Ssf cGt ug]{ lg0f{on] cf}iflw cfk"lt{ Joj:yfkg sfo{ sdhf]/ b]lvPsf]n] ;'wf/ x'g'kb{5 .
35. e]lG6n]6/ cfk"lt{ – vl/b ;Demf}tfcg';f/ cfk"t{sn] cfk"lt{ tyf h8fg u/L ;~rfng ;ˆ6j]o/ k|f]u|fd,
ck/];g ;ˆ6j]o/ k|of]usf] nflu pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 . t/ eG;f/ b:t'/, d"No clej[l4 s/ tyf
d]l;g/Lsf] d"No;d]t ?=^ s/f]8 ^@ nfv ## xhf/ /x]sf pks/0fx? ;Demf}tfcg';f/ d]rL c~rn
c:ktfn, hgsk'/ c~rn c:ktfn, n'lDagL c~rn c:ktfn, pkIf]qLo c:ktfn 88]Nw'/f, pkIf]qLo
c:ktfn ;'v]{t, /fKtL pkIf]qLo c:ktfn / e/tk'/ c:ktfndf h8fg gu/L @)&%.$.! df :jf:Yo
;]jf ljefusf] e08f/df bflvnf u/]sf] kfOPsf]n] pQm cfk"lt{ ;Demf}tfg's"n b]lvPg . cfk"t{saf6
tf]lsPsf] :yfgdf dfn;fdfg h8fg tyf cfk"lt{ ePsf] gb]lvPsf]df ljefuaf6 s'g} sf/afxL gu/L
cf+lzs cfk"lt{ :jLsf/ ug'{ dgfl;a b]lvPg . o; vl/b cGtu{t cfk"t{ssf nflu vf]lnPsf]
k|tLtkq;d]t aGb u/]sf] 5}g .
36. cf}iflwsf] k|lt:yfkg – :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefu / Ps cfk"t{saLr l/Gh/ nf]S6]6 %)) Pd=Pn= % nfv @%
xhf/ af]6n cfk"lt{ ug{ @)&#.&$ df ?=! s/f]8 %) nfv *# xhf/sf] ;Demf}tf ePsf] b]lvof] .
:jf:Yo ;]jf ljefuaf6 lgo'Qm OG;k]S;g Ph]06n] cf}iflw u'0f:t/Lo ePsf] k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df lbPsf]
l8:Kofr c8{/cg';f/ ljleGg d]l8sn :6f]/df pQm cf}iflw cfk"lt{ ePsf] b]lvG5 . e/tk'/ c:ktfn,
emnf/L :jf:Yo rf}sLnufot ljleGg :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 pQm cf}iflw k|of]u ubf{ la/fdL sfDg], Zjf;
k|Zjf;df k|lts"n c;/ eO{ la/fdL yk l;ls:t x'g] u'gf;f] k|fKt ePkl5 u'0f:t/ k/LIf0fsf] nflu
cf}iflw Joj:yf ljefudf k7fPsf] kfOof] . u'0f:t/ k/LIf0faf6 Aofr gDa/ ;L=P;=Pn= &)*^ / &)(@
sf] $# xhf/ @)) af]6n :jLs[t :k]l;lkms];gadf]lhd geO{ u'0f:t/xLg ePsf] pNn]v 5 . cfk"lt{
dxfzfvfn] pQm cf}iflw lkmtf{ ug{ @)&%.#.@* df kqfrf/ u/]sf]df lkmtf{ eP u/]sf] b]lvFb}g . o;
;DaGwdf OG;k]S;g Ph]G6nfO{ sf/afxL u/L pQm cf}iflw k|lt:yfkg gu/]sf]n] ?=!@ nfv $! xhf/
c;'n ug'{kg]{ tyf u'0f:t/xLg ;fdfg cfk"lt{ x'g] sfo{df yk lgoGq0f Pj+ sf/afxLsf] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
37. 9'jfgL ef8f e'QmfgL – cf}iflw tyf cf}iflwhGo ;fdu|L cfk"lt{ ug{ cfk"lt{ dxfzfvf / b'O{ 9'jfgLstf{
aLr ;Demf}tf ePsf] b]lvof] . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ 9'jfgLstf{n] saf]n u/]sf] b//]6df ;DalGwt lhNnfsf]
uf]bfddf ;fdfg bflvnf eP kZrft\\ e'QmfgL ug'{kb{5 . 9'jfgL /sd e'QmfgL;DaGwL sfuhft k/LIf0f
ubf{ x'Dnf / d'u' lhNnfdf ;fdfg k'¥ofpg rnfgL ePsf]df h'Dnfsf] uf]l7Ho"nfsf] uf]bfddf ;fdfg
k'¥ofPsf], h'Dnf k'¥ofpg'kg]{ ;fdfg sfnLsf]6sf] gfUdf;Dd k'¥ofPsf] / 8f]Nkf k'¥ofpg'kg]{ ;fdfg
?s'dsf] /fl8Ho"nfsf] uf]bfd;Dd cfk"lt{ u/]sf] b]lvof] . tf]lsPsf] :yfgdf ;fdfg cfk"lt{ gu/] tfklg
h'Dnf k'¥ofPsf] ;fdfgsf] x'Dnf / d'u'sf] sflnsf]6df k'¥ofPsf] ;fdfgdf h'Dnfsf], ?s'ddf k'¥ofPsf]
;fdfg 8f]Nkfsf] a9L b//]6n] lalnª u/L e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . o;/L a9L e'QmfgL ePsf] 9'jfgL /sd
;DaGwdf yk 5fglag u/L of] jif{ a9L e'QmfgL ePsf] ?=! s/f]8 $^ nfv &! xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
38. ;L=6L= :Sofg d]l;g vl/b – cfk"lt{ dxfzfvfn] dWoklZrdf~rn If]qLo c:ktfn, ;'v]{t / n'lDagL
c~rn c:ktfnsf] nflu Ps Ps yfg !^ :nfO;sf] ;L=6L= :Sofg d]l;g vl/b ug{ Ps cfk"t{s;Fu
@)&$.^.@% df ;Demf}tf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm ;fdfg vl/bsf] nflu @)&$.!!.@@ df g]kfn /fi6\ a}Ídf
?=& s/f]8 @) nfv @% xhf/sf] k|tLtkq vf]n]sf] 5 . xfn ahf/df @%^ :nfO; Ifdtfsf] ;L=6L=
:Sofg d]l;g k|of]udf cfO;s]sf] cj:yfdf sd Ifdtf -!^ :nfO;_ sf ;L=6L= :Sofg d]l;g vl/b
ug'{sf] sf/0f :ki6 ePg . pQm df]8nsf] ;L=6L= :Sofg d]l;g !% jif{ cufl8 rng rNtLdf /x]sf]df
;f] df]8nsf] d]l;g vl/b ug]{ u/L :k]l;lkms]zg tof/ u/]af6 vl/bsf] cfjZostf klxrfg ;xL tj/n]
ePsf] b]lvPg .
;Demf}tfcg';f/ k|tLtkq vf]n]sf] ^) lbgleq cfk"lt{ ug'{kg]{df % dlxgf l9nf u/L
@)&$.!!.@@ df dfq k|tLtkq vf]n]sf] sf/0f ;fdfg cfk"lt{df l9nfO{ ePsf] 5 . b'[O{dWo] Ps d]l;g
n]vfk/LIf0f cjlw @)&%.%.@@ ;Dd klg cfk"lt{ ePsf] gb]lvFbf vl/b Joj:yfkg sfo{ k|efjsf/L
b]lvPg .
39. dd{t ;Def/ 7]Ssf – ljefun] @)&#.&$ df b]zsf && lhNnfdf /x]sf c:ktfn tyf :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf
d]l8sn pks/0f tyf d]l;g/L cf}hf/x? $ jif{;Dd dd{t tyf ;Def/ ug{sf nflu ;]jf k|bfos # ;Fu
?=$& s/f]8 $* nfvsf] ;Demf}tf ePsf]df o; jif{ ?=& s/f]8 (% nfv e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . o;
39.1. ;Demf}tfdf ljleGg lhNnfdf /x]sf c:ktfn tyf :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf d]l8sn pks/0f tyf d]l;g/L
cf}hf/ dd{t ;Def/ sfo{ Sof6]uf]/L ! cGtu{t ;"rgf k|fKt ePsf] @$ 306fleq / Sof6]uf]/L @ cGtu{t
jif{sf] @ k6s dd{t ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . k|yd k6ssf] dd{t sfo{ u/]afkt # ;]jf k|bfosnfO{
n6cg';f/ of] jif{ qmdzM ?=! s/f]8 (& nfv ^( xhf/, ?=@ s/f]8 ^# nfv @( xhf/ / ?=# s/f]8
#$ nfv ^) xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf kZrft\\ klxnf] jif{df g} aL=cf]=So"= df tf]lsPsf
kl/df0feGbf a9L kl/df0fdf e'QmfgL lbPsf] kfOof] . 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf k"j{ g} k|To]s c:ktfnsf
pks/0fsf] ljj/0f lnO{ dd{tsf] ljj/0f tof/ u/L 7]Ssf ePsf]n] ;f] pks/0f dd{t u/L e'QmfgL
lbg'kg]{ b]lvG5 . plNnlvt ljj/0fdf gk/]sf pks/0f dd{t u/]sf] egL dd{t ;+Vof a9fO{ e'QmfgL
lbg ldNb}g . pks/0f yk ePsf] cj:yfdf ;d]t pks/0fsf] :k]l;lkms];g, df]8n, vl/b ePsf] jif{sf]
cfwf/df dd{t b/ km/s kg]{ ePsfn] aL=cf]=So"= df plNnlvt b/df ;dfj]z ug{ ldNg] b]lvFb}g .
;f]cg';f/ gu/]af6 klxnf] jif{sf] e'QmfgLdf g} ;Demf}tf kl/df0feGbf a9L e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . ;f]dWo]
%) k|ltzteGbf a9L kl/df0f yk eO{ e'QmfgL ePsf] ?=@ s/f]8 @$ nfv ** xhf/ b]lvPsf]n] o;
;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L ;dfof]hg ug'k{ g]{ b]lvG5 .
39.2. cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% b]lv c:ktfndf x'g] dd{t ;Def/ vr{df ldtJolotf Nofpg] / bIftf clej[l4 u/L
;a} c:ktfnx?df pks/0f lgoldt ?kdf dd{t u/L ;~rfng x'g] Joj:yf ldnfpg] p2]Zon] o;
dxfzfvfn] dd{t ;Def/ 7]Ssf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;Demf}tfcg';f/ ;a} pks/0fsf] dd{t ;Def/ ;f]xL ;]jf
k|bfosn] ug'{kg]{ / c:ktfn tyf :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6 5'§} dd{t vr{ gx'g'kg]{ ;DaGwdf cWoog ubf{
ljefuLo tj/n] pks/0f dd{t ;Def/ ug]{ Joj:yf e};s] kZrft\\ klg c:ktfnx?n] cfˆg} tj/af6 ;d]t
pks/0f dd{t ;Def/df vr{ ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvof] . ;]jf k|bfosn] dd{t ug'{kg]{ pks/0f & c:ktfnaf6
u/fO{ n]v]sf] vr{ ?=#^ nfv %$ xhf/ bf]xf]/f] ePsf] b]lvG5 . o:tf] vr{ 5fglag ul/g'kb{5 .

39.3. pks/0f dd{t ;Def/ 7]Ssf eO;s] kZrft\\ c:ktfnx?af6 x'g] u/]sf] pks/0f dd{t ;Def/ vr{
ldtJooL / bIftfk"0f{ x'g'kg]{df ljutdf c:ktfnn] ub}{ cfPsf] pks/0f dd{t ;Def/ vr{eGbf of] jif{
7]Ssfdfkm{t ;]jfk|bfosnfO{ e'QmfgL lbg' k/]sf] dd{t /sd a9L b]lvPsf] pbfx/0f b]xfodf k|:t't
ul/Psf] 5M
-?=xhf/df_
pks/0f dd{t vr{ cf=j=@)&$.&%df ljefuLo 7]Ssf
l;=g+= c:ktfnsf] gfd dfkm{t x'g] jflif{s @ ls:tfdWo] ^
@)&@.&# @)&#.&$ dlxgfsf] klxnf] ls:tf e'QmfgL /sd
!= e]/L c~rn c:ktfn, g]kfnu~h !@,)* !),^! 24,49
@= klZrdf~rn If]qLo c:ktfn, kf]v/f @#,%! @^,%* 45,71
#= e/tk'/ c:ktfn, e/tk'/, lrtjg – – 26,46
$= gf/fo0fL pkIf]qLo c:ktfn, jL/uGh !!,^$ ^,&( 21,91
%= dxfsfnL c~rn c:ktfn, s~rgk'/ – – 10,87
^= dWo klZrdf~rn If]qLo c:ktfn, ;'v]{t !&^ %&! 19,28
&= n'lDagL c~rn c:ktfn, a'6jn %$,#* !%,** 38,33
*= hgsk'/ c~rn c:ktfn, hgsk'/ !^ – 14,00
(= sf]zL c~rn c:ktfn, lj/f6gu/ %) %) 24,10
!)= ;]tL c~rn c:ktfn, wgu9L – – 22,27
pko'{Qmadf]lhdsf] l:ylt d"NofÍg ubf{ c:ktfnn] cfjZostfcg';f/ lau|]sf] avt pks/0f
dd{t ubf{ nfUg] vr{eGbf lgoldt ?kdf jif{sf] @ k6s ;"rgf u/]sf avt @$ 306fleq pkl:yt x'g]
u/L 7]Ssf lbFbf x'g] ^ dlxgfsf] vr{ g} cTolws ePsf]n] dd{t ;Def/ 7]Ssf ldtJooL b]lvPg .
40. ljkGg gful/s cf}iflw pkrf/ sf]if – ;fdflhs ?kdf lk5l8Psf / cfly{s ?kdf ljkGg gful/sx?sf
nflu /fHon] ljz]if Joj:yf ug{ of] sf]if v8f u/] kZrft\ pQm sf]ifdfk{mt ljkGg gful/snfO{ d'6'/f]u,
d[uf}nf/f]u, SofG;/, kfls{G;G;, cNhfOd;{, :kfO{gn OGh'/L, x]8 OGh'/L / l;Sn]; Plgldof h:tf
/f]usf] pkrf/df ;xfotf pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] b]lvG5 . of] jif{ o; sf]ifsf] nflu ?=@ ca{ #& s/f]8
^^ nfv ah]6 Joj:yf u/L ?=@ ca{ #$ s/f]8 !! nfv vr{ ePsf] kfOof] . ljkGg gful/s cf}iflw
pkrf/ sf]if lgb]{lzsf, -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg @)&#_ cg';f/ d[uf}nf k|Tof/f]k0fsf nflu ?=$ nfv, d[uf}nf/f]u
qm; DoflrËdf ?=%) xhf/ / k|Tof/f]k0f kZrft\ cf}iflw vr{ ?=! nfv, SofG;/, d'6'/f]u, x]8 OGh'/L,
:kfOgn OGh'/L, cNhfOd;{, kfls{G;G;\ / l;sn;]n Plgldof /f]usf nflu clwstd k|ltJolQm ?=!
nfv pkrf/ /sd pknAw u/fpg] u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ ljkGg gful/s cf}iflw pkrf/afkt @)&@.&# df #@ :jf:Yo ;+:yfnfO{
?=! ca{ @# nfv !^ xhf/, @)&#.&$ df $$ :jf:Yo ;+:yfnfO{ ?=(& s/f]8 *! nfv @% xhf/ /
@)&$.&% df @^ ;/sf/L / $# lghL tyf ;fd'bflos u/L ^( :jf:Yo ;+:yfnfO{ ?= @ ca{ !) s/f]8
&& nfv zf]wegf{ e'QmfgL u/]sf] kfOof] . JolQmut Joxf]/f;lxtsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f gx'Fbf / la/fdLsf]
JolQmut clen]v c:ktfndf /xg], la/fdLut / c:ktfnut clen]v ljefun] /fVg] gu/]sf]n] x'g;Sg]
bf]xf]/f] zf]wegf{ lgoGq0f ug{ c:ktfnaf6 x'g] cg'udg k|0ffnL dha't agfpg] / JolQmut Joxf]/f
v'Ng] clen]v Jojl:yt ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
ljkGg gful/s cf}ifwf]krf/ ;]jf g]kfne/ SofG;/sf] nflu *, l;sn;]n Plgldofsf] nflu %,
d'6'sf] nflu &, d[uf}nf 8fonl;;sf] nflu $^, d[uf}nfsf] nflu @, x]8 OGh'/Lsf] nflu %, :kfOgn
OGh'/Lsf] nflu &, kfls{G;; tyf cnhfOd;{sf] nflu # :jf:Yo ;+:yfn] k|bfg ug]{ u/]sf] kfOof] . o:tf]
;]jf lj:tf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
41. k/fdz{ ;]jf – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod *@ df Ps tx dflysf] clwsf/Lsf]
:jLs[t lnO{ o; jif{ :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefu, Joj:yfkg dxfzfvfn] ;f]e}m Ps k/fdz{bftf lgo'Qm u/L %
7fpFdf a]?h" uf]i7L ;~rfng ubf{ ?=&! nfv #^ xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] 5 . pQm uf]i7L ;~rfng ug{

cfjZos ;|f]tJolQm/ljz]if1 ;/sf/L:t/af6 g} pknAw x'g] / cfˆg} hgzlQmaf6 pQm sfo{qmd
;~rfng ug'{kg]{df ;f] cg';f/ u/]sf] gb]lvPsf]n] pQm sfo{ dgfl;a b]lvPg .
42. sf]if kl/rfng – vf]k sf]ifdf ut jif{;Dd ?=( s/f]8 #* nfv # xhf/ df}}Hbft /x]sf]df of] jif{ ?=@
s/f]8 () nfv hDdf eO{ ?=!@ s/f]8 @* nfv # xhf/ afFsL /x]sf] b]lvof] . pQm /sd ljlgof]hg
ah]6af6 jflif{s sfo{qmddf pNn]v ePcg';f/ vr{ u/L sf]ifdf hDdf u/]sf] 5 . sf]if ;~rfng;DaGwL
sfo{ljlw tyf sfo{qmd tof/ u/]sf] 5}g . sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sdaf6 of] jif{ s'g} k|sf/sf] vr{ u/]sf]
b]lvPg . sfo{ljlw tyf sfo{qmd tof/L a]u/ sf]ifdf lgliqmo /x]sf]n] pQm /sd kl/rfng x'g'kg]{
cGoyf ;l~rt sf]ifdf lkmtf{ x'g'kb{5 .
43. k"j{ lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ – vl/b ;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf] ;dodf j:t' tyf ;]jf cfk"lt{ gePdf vl/b
;Demf}tf tyf ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@! adf]lhd k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{
lng'kb{5 . :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefu, cfk"lt{ dxfzfvf / Ps cfk"t{saLr @) yfg PDa'n]G; @)&$.!).@$
leq cfk"lt{ ug{ ?=@) s/f]8 & nfvsf] ;Demf}tf ePsf]df !%* lbg l9nf] u/L @)&%.#.#! df dfq
cfk"lt{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;Demf}tfsf] zt{adf]lhd l9nf] bflvnf lbgsf] k"j{ lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ ?=!% nfv
*! xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
o;}u/L dxfzfvfaf6 ljleGg cfk"t{s;Fu cfO/g rSsL !^% lbg l9nf] u/L cfk"lt{ u/]sf],
/]lk|mh]/]6/ cfk"t{s;Fu 36L k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ s§f u/]sf], e]lG6n]6/ %& lbg l9nf], kf]lifnf] lk7f] !%
lbg l9nf] tyf cf]/n sG6\f;]ˆ6L lkN; @@ lbg l9nf u/L cfk"lt{ u/]sf]n] ;Demf}tf zt{adf]lhd ?=$%
nfv @* xhf/ k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ c;'n ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
44. k]:sL – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod &$ df cfjZos kg]{ /sdeGbf a9L k]:sL lbg
gx'g] Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefu, k'ghf{u/0f dxfzfvfn] ljleGg tflnd uf]i7L ;~rfng
ug{ lbPsf] ?=@ s/f]8 !( nfv !* xhf/ k]:sLdWo] ?=(* nfv @^ xhf/, kl/jf/ :jf:Yo dxfzfvfn]
?=^& nfvdWo] ?=@) nfv, /fli6\o tflnd s]Gb|n] ?=! s/f]8 $% nfv #@ xhf/dWo] ?=#@ nfv #(
xhf/ / /fli6\o aLdf af]8{n] ?=# s/f]8 &@ nfv (@ xhf/ k]:sLdWo] ?=! s/f]8 !( nfv $$ xhf/
gub} lkmtf{ u/L k]:sL km5\of}{6 u/]af6 cfjZoseGbf #@ k|ltzt a9L k]:sL lbPsf] kfOof] .
tflnd uf]i7L;DaGwL ;fdfg vl/b, vfhf, xjfOl6s6, xnef8fnufotsf] sfo{df cfk"t{snfO{
sfof{noaf6 ;f]e}m e'QmfgL lbg ;lsg]df k]:sLdfk{mt ug]{ / cg'dflgt vr{sf] cfFsng g} gu/L
cfjZostfeGbf a9L k]:sL lbg] sfo{df lgoGq0f x'g'kb{5 .
/fli6«o hg:jf:Yo k|of]uzfnf
k|of]uzfnfn] of] jif{ ^^ xhf/ $*! hgfsf] yfO/fO8, lnlk8 k|f]kmfOn nufotsf] /Qm k/LIf0f u/L ;]jf
pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . ut jif{ *) xhf/ !(& hgfsf] k/LIf0f u/]sf]df of] jif{ ;]jfu|fxLsf] ;+Vof 36]sf] kfOof] .
45. ;~rfng cjlw – k|of]uzfnfn] pknAw ;|f]t / ;fwg -hgzlQm/pks/0f_ af6 clwstd lxt x'g] u/L
;]jf k|jfx ug'{kb{5 . k|of]uzfnfn] pknAw u/fPsf] ljj/0fcg';f/ labfsf] lbg afx]s cfOtaf/b]lv
lalxaf/;Dd df3 !^ b]lv sflt{s !% ;Dd laxfg * ah]b]lv lbp+;f] @ ah];Dd / sflQs !^ b]lv
df3 !% ;Dd laxfg * ah]b]lv lbpF;f] ! ah];Dd tyf z'qmaf/ laxfg * ah]b]lv !@ ah];Dd
k/LIf0fsf] nflu gd'gf ;Íng u/]sf] b]lvof] .
pko'{Qm ;dosf] cnfjf ;fj{hlgs labf / cfsl:ds labfdf k|of]uzfnf aGb x'g] u/]sf]
b]lvG5 . Odh]{G;L la/fdLn] s'g} k/LIf0f u/fpg k/]df dfly plNnlvt ;do;Dd klv{g'kg]{ cj:yf
/x]sf] 5 . b]zsf] Ps dfq /fli6\o k|of]uzfnfn] :jf:Yo ;]jf;Fu ;DalGwt k/LIf0f ;]]jf rf}aL;} 306f
;~rfng ug'k{ g{]df plNnlvt ;dosf] cnfjf cGo ;dodf k/LIf0f ug]{ Joj:yf x'g g;Sbf ;]jfk|jfx
k|efjsf/L ePsf] b]lvFb}g . k|of]uzfnfn] pknAw ;|f]tsf] clwstd pkof]u ug]{ u/L ;]jfdf
k|efjsfl/tf / bIftf Nofpg pko'{Qm ;do tflnsf k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
46. k|of]uzfnf ;~rfng – hLjf0f' tyf ljiff0f'af6 x'g] cToGt hf]lvdhGo /f]ux? ;f;{, OGˆn'PGhf -ˆn"_,
6f]ufefO/;, Oaf]nf, x]hdf]/fOh lkme/, lgkmf, So" lkme/, Kn]u, PGy|S; l/lSn6l;gnufotsf /f]ux?sf]
/ut, ;L=P;=Pkm=, y|6 :jfa, a8L ˆNo"8;\ cflb gd'gfx?sf] k|of]uzfnf k/LIf0fsf] nflu ;a} ;fjwfgL
tyf ;'/Iff ;fwg;lxt ljZj a}Ísf] ;xof]udf /fli6\o hg:jf:Yo k|of]uzfnfdf jfof] ;]ˆ6L n]en – # -
aL=P;=Pn=#_ :yfkgf eO{ ;g\ @)!% h"gdf ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gåf/f k|df0fLs/0f;d]t u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
dfly plNnlvt ;]jfk|jfxsf] nflu kof{Kt bIf tyf cg'ejL hgzlQm gePsf sf/0fn] pQm k|of]uzfnf
;~rfngdf cfPsf] b]lvPg . pQm k|of]uzfnf lgdf{0fsf] nflu pks/0ftk{m ?=$ s/f]8 %) nfveGbf
a9L vr{ ePsf] cj:yf 5 . cToGt hf]lvdhGo /f]ux?sf] k/LIf0f ug]{ b]zsf] Psdfq k|of]uzfnf
lgoldt ;~rfngdf gcfpg' / ljutsf] nufgLsf] ;b'kof]u gx'g' pko'Qm xf]Og . cfjZos hgzlQmsf]
Joj:yfkg u/L k|of]uzfnf ;~rfngaf6 u'0f:t/Lo ;]jfk|jfx x'gkb{5 .
47. ;~rfng cg'dlt – :jf:Yo k|of]uzfnf lgb]{lzsfn] ;/sf/L:t/df x]Nykf]i6df cfwfl/t, k|fylds
:jf:Yo s]Gb|df cfwfl/t, %) a]8;Ddsf hg/n c:ktfndf cfwfl/t, %! b]lv @)) a]8 ;Ddsf hg/n
c:ktfndf -c~rn / pkIf]qLo c:ktfn_ cfwfl/t / @)) eGbf a9L a]8sf -clt ljlzi6 ;]jf k|bfg
ug]{_ c:ktfnsf k|of]uzfnfnfO{ qmdzM æO{Æ b]lv æPÆ u/L kfFr ;d"xdf juL{s/0f u/]sf] 5 . lghL
c:ktfn;d]t ;f]xL dfkb08cg';f/ juL{s/0f x'g] lgb]{lzsfdf pNn]v 5 . k|of]uzfnf :yfkgf tyf
;~rfng ug{ ;d"xcg';f/ dfkb08 k"/f x'g] u/L :yfg, pks/0f tyf s]ldsN;, / hgzlQm x'g'kb{5 .
k|of]uzfnf ;~rfngsf] nflu æPÆ / æaLÆ ;d"xsf] /fli6\o hg:jf:Yo k|of]uzfnfn] cg'dlt
lbg] / æ;LÆ / æ8LÆ ;d"xsf] If]qLo/k|fGtLo hg:jf:Yo k|of]uzfnfn] / æO{Æ ;d"xsf] lhNnf hg:jf:Yo
k|of]uzfnfn] c:yfoL cg'dlt lbg] Joj:yf 5 . lgb]{lzsfsf] a'Fbf g+= #! n] ;fljs lhNnf hg:jf:Yo
sfof{no cyjf If]qLo :jf:Yo lgb]{zgfnoaf6 c:yfoL cg'dlt lbPsf] k|of]uzfnfx?sf] dfl;s ;"rL
/fli6\o hg:jf:Yo k|of]uzfnfdf k|fKt eO;s]kl5 cfGtl/s d"NofÍgsf] cfwf/df c:yfoL cg'dlt k|fKt
u/]sf] ldltb]lv nfu" x'g] u/L :yfoL cg'dlt k|bfg ug]{ jf gug]{ lg0f{o ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . sfof{no;Fu
@)&$.&% ;Ddsf] b]ze/sf k|of]uzfnfx?sf] btf{;DaGwL ljj/0f dfu u/]sf]df lhNnfaf6 ;f];DaGwL
dfl;s ljj/0f k|fKt gePsf]n] cBfjlws gePsf] hgfPsf] 5 . b]ze/sf ;Dk"0f{ k|of]uzfnfsf] :yfoL
cg'dlt lbg] lgsfodf !%^ k|of]uzfnfsf] dfq clen]v /x]sf] l:yltn] cg'dlt k|lqmof Jojl:yt /x]sf]
b]lvPg . pQm l:yltdf k|of]uzfnf btf{ g} geO{ ;~rfng x'g] hf]lvd /x]sf] 5 . lgb]{lzsfsf] Joj:yf
adf]lhd tT;DaGwL ljj/0f cBfjlws ug'{kb{5 .
48. cg'udg / ;'kl/j]If0f – :jf:Yo k|of]uzfnf ;~rfng dfkb08;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&# sf] a'Fbf g+=#!
df ;~rfng cg'dlt hf/L ePsf k|of]uzfnfx?df /fli6\o hg:jf:Yo k|of]uzfnfn] h'g;'s} a]nf
cg'udg ug{ ;Sg] / cg'udg ubf{ tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] dfkb08cg'?k gkfOPdf k|of]uzfnfsf] ;d"x
36'jf u/fpg] / vf/]hL;d]t ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . k|of]uzfnfaf6 pknAw u/fPsf] ljj/0fcg';f/
@)&$.&% df !%^ -gjLs/0f / btf{;d]t_ lghL k|of]uzfnfnfO{ ;~rfng cg'dlt lbOPsf]df ;~rfng
cg'dlt kZrft\ of] jif{ s'g} klg lghL k|of]uzfnfsf] cg'udg u/]sf] 5}g . o;af6 :jLs[t a]u/
k|of]uzfnf ;~rfng eP klg s'g} sf/afxL gx'g] cj:yf 5 . :jLs[lt lnPsf k|of]uzfnfn] ;d]t
dfkb08cg'?k ;~rfng u/]sf] cfZj:t x'g] cj:yf 5}g . jflif{s sfo{qmddf ^)) k6s ;/sf/L
c:ktfnsf] k|of]uzfnf, lghL c:ktfn tyf /Qm ;~rf/ ;]jfx?sf] cg'udg d"NofÍg ug{ ?=@% nfv
@& xhf/ vr{ ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;'kl/j]If0f u/L k|of]uzfnf ;~rfng ;DaGwdf k|ltj]bg lng] ug'{kg]{df
glng] u/]sf]n] vr{sf] ;fy{stf l;4 x'g] u/L cg'udg ug]{ tyf clgjfo{ ?kdf k|ltj]bg lnO{ ;f]df
b]lvPsf Joxf]/f;d]t sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
49. ;fdfg cfk"lt{ – lgb]{lzssf] a'Fbf g+= %! df :jf:Yo k|of]uzfnfsf] ;]jfnfO{ :t/Lo agfpg vl/b ;+oGq
:yfkgf ug]{ pNn]v 5 . ;f]sf] nflu k|fljlws ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltn] b]zsf] cfjZostfcg';f/ /fli6\o
vl/b dfkb08, ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gsf] dfkb08, :yfgLo cj:yf / k|df0fLs/0f of]hgfsf] cfwf/df
;fe]mbf/x?;+usf] k/fdz{df of]Uo k|of]uzfnf ;fdu|L pTkfbssf] ;"rL tof/ ug]{ / cg'dlt kfPsf

k|of]uzfnfnfO{ pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf 5 . l/Ph]G6 sL6 / pks/0f vl/b ubf{ btf{ ePsf kmd{ jf
cfk"t{saf6 dfq vl/b ug'{kg]{ ;f]xL cg';"rLdf pNn]v 5 . cBfjlws ;"rL /fli6\o hg:jf:Yo
k|of]uzfnfn] jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf ;dfj]z ug]{ Joj:yf ePsf]df ;"rL tof/ ePsf] kfOPg .
lgb]{lzsfadf]lhdsf] ;"rL tof/ gePsf] sf/0f sL6, l/h]G6 / pks/0f u'0f:t/Lo vl/b eO{
dfkb08cg';f/ g} k|of]uzfnfx? ;~rfng ePsf] 5 egL cfjZj:t x'g] l:ylt 5}g . lgb]{lzsfadf]lhd
u'0f:t/Lo sL6, l/Ph]G6 / pks/0f k|fKt ePsf] ;'lglZrt x'g] u/L vl/b k|lqmofdf ;'wf/ ug{ ;ldltn]
Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
50. u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f – :jf:Yo k|of]uzfnf :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng dfkb08;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&# n]
:jf:Yo k|of]uzfnfsf] ;du| u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrttfsf] nflu k|To]s k|of]uzfnfn] u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f
k|0ffnLsf] cjwf/0ff kfngf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . afXo u'0f:t/ lgoGq0fs]f nflu ;du| lhDd]jf/L
/fli6\o hg:jf:Yo k|of]uzfnfsf] x'g] juL{s[t ;d"xdWo] æPÆ / æaLÆ ;d"xsf] /fli6\o hg:jf:Yo
k|of]uzfnfn] / æ;LÆ, æ8LÆ / æO{Æ ;d"xsf] If]qLo hg:jf:Yo k|of]uzfnfn] k|To]s $ dlxgfdf gd'gf
k7fpg'kg]{ lgb]{lzsfsf] a'Fbf g+= $* n] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . sfof{non] pknAw u/fPsf] ljj/0fcg';f/ of]
jif{ u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrt ug{ #$( k|of]uzfnfnfO{ gd'gf k7fPsf] b]lvof] .
sfof{non] k|To]s $ dlxgfdf k|of]uzfnfnfO{ gd'gf k7fpg'kg]{df of] jif{ @ k6s dfq k7fPsf],
lgb]{lzsfadf]lhd btf{ ePsf ;Dk"0f{ k|of]uzfnfx?sf] u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrt ug'{kg]{df ;a} k|of]uzfnfx?
;xefuL ePsf] gb]lvPsf], u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrt ug{ #$( k|of]uzfnfnfO{ gd'gf k7fPsf]df @##
k|of]uzfnfn] dfq lkmtf{ k7fPsf 5g\ . glthf lkmtf{ gk7fpg] !!^ sf] cj:yfaf/] k|of]uzfnf;d]t
cgle1 /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . glthf lkmtf{ k7fpg]dWo] !% sf] glthfdf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
pko'{Qm l:yltn] k|of]uzfnfn] tf]lsPsf] dfkb08 k"/f u/L u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf k|jfx u/]sf] cfZj:t x'g]
cj:yf b]lvPg . k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfo{ u/L u'0f:t/ lgoGq0fdf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
/fli6«o Ifo/f]u s]Gb|, eQmk'/
ljleGg lgsfo;Fu ;dGjo u/L s]Gb|Lo, If]qLo, lhNnf:t/ / pkrf/ s]Gb|dfkm{t Ifo/f]u /f]syfd, lgbfg
tyf pkrf/ sfo{sf] ;+of]hg, cg'udg Pj+ d"NofÍg ug{ /fli6«o Ifo/f]u s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] .
51. ;]jf k|jfx – s]Gb|sf] tLg jif{sf] ;]jf k|jfx l:ylt lgDgfg';f/ 5M
-;+Vofdf_
cfly{s jif{ cfly{s jif{ cfly{s jif{
lqmofsnfk
@)&@.&# @)&#.&$ @)&$.&%
Ifo/f]uL klxrfg 32056 31533 19236
Ifo/f]uaf6 d[To' 921 409 642
cf}iflw k|lt/f]wL Ifo/f]uL 352 868 247
afn Ifo/f]uL klxrfg 1776 1785 942
pkrf/ k|fKt ug]{ 34457 31970 19236
lgsf] ePsf Ifo/f]uL 31450 28909 17771
ut jif{ Ifo/f]uL klxrfg #! xhf/ %## ePsf]df of] jif{ ;f] ;+Vof 36]/ !( xhf/ @#^ ePsf]
b]lvG5 . ut jif{ Ifo/f]uLsf] d[To' $)( dfq ePsf]df of] jif{ ^$@ k'u]sf] b]lvG5 .
52. u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf dfk{mt sfo{ – /fli6\o Ifo/f]u s]Gb|n] o; jif{ ;~rfng ug]{ sfo{qmddWo] bftf ;d"x
-Unf]an km08_ sf] lk|lG;kn l/l;k]G6 tf]lsPsf] ;]e b lrN8\]gn] ljleGg %% lhNnfsf (( Sni6/df
ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gsf] dfkb08cg';f/ lk|len]G; ;e]{ u/L Ifo/f]usf la/fdL eP gePsf] tYofÍ
;Íng ug{ Ps u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf;Fu @)!& gf]e]Da/ !# df ?=!^ s/f]8 && nfv @! xhf/sf] ;Demf}tf
u/]sf] lyof] . pQm u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{ ;Demf}tf cjlwdf ?=!) s/f]8 !& nfv ^^ xhf/ e'QmfgL u/L

af+sL /sd sfo{ k|ultsf] cfwf/df e'QmfgL lbg] Joj:yf u/]sf]df pQm sfo{sf] k|ult ;DaGwdf
s]Gb|af6 cg'udg gu/]sf]n] jf:tljs cj:yf olsg x'g ;s]g .
/fli6«o P8\; tyf of}g/f]u lgoGq0f s]Gb|
Pr=cfO{=eL= P8\; / of}g /f]usf] ;+qmd0fnfO{ /f]syfd tyf lgoGq0f ug{ lrlsT;f ;]jf, lzIff ;"rgf
tyf ;~rf/sf] dfWodnfO{ ;'b[9, ;zQm / k|efjsf/L agfpg / o:tf] /f]uaf6 d'n'sdf kg{;Sg] b"/ufdL
c;/x?df sdL Nofpg] p2]Zon] @)%@ df of] s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . s]Gb|n] Pr=cfO{=eL=;Fu ;DalGwt
k/fdz{ tyf k/LIf0f, cfdfaf6 aRrfdf x'g] ;+qmd0f /f]syfd, pRr hf]lvddf /x]sf nlIft ;d'bfodf /f]syfd,
pkrf/, x]/rfx tyf ;xof]u / of}g/f]usf] /f]syfd tyf lgoGq0f sfo{qmd o; s]Gb| / && :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?af6
;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] b]lvG5 .
53. ;]jf k|jfx – Pr=cfO{=eL= sf] dxfdf/LnfO{ cGTo ug]{ ljZjJofkL nIo xfl;n ug{ g]kfnn] Pr=cfO{=eL=
/f]syfd / pkrf/sf] nflu ;g\ @)!^ b]lv @)@! ;Ddsf nflu /fli6\o Pr=cfO{=eL= /0fgLlt of]hgf
tof/ kf/]sf] 5 . of]hgfn] ;g\ @)@) ;Dddf Pr=cfO{=eL= ;+qmldt JolQmx?dWo] () k|ltztn]
Pr=cfO{=eL= k/LIf0f u/L hfgsf/L kfpg] / To;/L hfgsf/L k|fKtdWo] () k|ltztn] P=cf/=eL= cf}iflw
pkrf/ k|fKt ug]{ / P=cf/=eL=df ePsfdWo] sDtLdf () k|ltzt Pr=cfO{=eL= ;+qmldtsf] z/L/df
/x]sf] efO/; -Pr=cfO{=eL=_ sf] ef/ sd ug]{ pNn]v 5 . o;/L ;g\ @)#) ;Dddf P8\;sf]
dxfdf/LnfO{ cGTo ug]{ of]hgf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . s]Gb|n] pknAw u/fPsf] ljut b'O{ jif{sf] Pr=cfO{=eL=
P8\;;DaGwL tYofÍcg';f/ Pr=cfO{=eL+ ;+qmd0f / o;af6 d[To' x'g]sf] l:ylt lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] b]lvG5M
qm=;+= ljj/0f @)&$.&% @)&#.&$
1 hDdf cg'dflgt Pr=cfO{=eL=;+qmldt 31020 32861
2 ;+qmldtdWo] k'?if 19020 20297
3 ;+qmldtdWo] dlxnf 12000 12564
4 ;+qmldt afnsflnsf -s"n ;+qmldtdWo]_ 1192 1184
5 gofF P=cfO{=eL=;+qmd0f 835 942
6 P8\;sf] sf/0f d[To' x'g]sf] ;+Vof 1306 1751
of] jif{ Pr=cfO{=eL= tyf of}g/f]u lgoGq0f ug{ ?=%% s/f]8 #! nfv ah]6 ljlgof]hg ePsf]df
?=#% s/f]8 @( nfv -^$ k|ltzt_ vr{ ePsf] 5 . pQm vr{dWo] j:t'ut cg'bfgtk{m ?=$) s/f]8 !!
nfvdWo] ?=#) s/f]8 @) nfv -&% k|ltzt_, bftfsf] ;+o'Qm sf]if -Unf]an km08_ sf] ?=!$ s/f]8df
?=$ s/f]8 @) nfv -#) k|ltzt_ dfq vr{ ePsf] b]lvG5 . x:tIf]ksf/L sfo{qmdsf] dfWodaf6
Pr=cfO{=eL= P8\;/f]u lgoGq0f ug{ % u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf dfk{mt sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ?=^ s/f]8 @#
nfv e'QmfgL u/]sf]df ;f] sfo{qmdsf] pknlAw cg'udg u/]sf] b]lvPg .
54. P8\;sf] cf}iflw cfk"lt{ – Pr=cfO=eL= P8\; /f]u lgoGq0fsf nflu cj;/jfbL ;+qmd0f tyf cke{m6sf
nflu P;=6L=cfO{= tyf cf]=cfO{=sf ljleGg cf}iflw * Kofs]hdf ?=* s/f]8 #$ nfv d"Nosf cGt/f{li6\o
af]nkqsf] dfWodaf6 vl/b ug{ ;Demf}tf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f]dWo] cfk"lt{stf{af6 ljleGg tLg :nfO;sf]
cf}iflw ?=# s/f]8 #% nfv a/fa/sf @@ nfv @# xhf/ 6\ofAn]6 cfk"lt{ ePsf] b]lvG5 . csf]{ @
Kofs]hsf] cf}iflw cfk"lt{sf nflu Ps ef/tLo kmd{;Fu ?=$ s/f]8 (( nfv a/fa/sf] !& nfv @^
xhf/ 6\ofAn]6 vl/b ;Demf}tf u/] tfklg cfk"lt{ u/]sf] 5}g . ;fy} cf}iflw cfk"lt{ ug{ af]nkq cfXjfg
ul/Psf tLg Kofs]hsf nflu k]; ePsf af]nkqbftfn] k]; u/]sf] af]nkqdf b//]6 g} pNn]v gePsf]
sf/0fn] ;Demf}tf x'g ;s]sf] b]lvPg . o;/L Pr=cfO{=eL= P8\; h:tf] ;+j]bgzLn /f]usf] nflu
P=cf/=eL= cf}iflw ;dodf cfk"lt{ u/L df}Hbft Joj:yfkg x'g g;Sbf ;DalGwt ;]jfu|fxLn] k|efjsf/L
;]jf kfpg ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g .

:jf:Yo aLdf af]8{
:jf:Yo pkrf/sf] qmddf eO/x]sf] JolQmut vr{nfO{ Jojl:yt ub}{ ;a} g]kfnL gful/snfO{ ;j{;'ne
?kdf u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] kx'Fr / pkof]udf ;'wf/ u/L ;fdflhs :jf:Yo aLdfsf] cfwf/df ;a}sf nflu
:jf:Yo ;]jf ;'lglZrt ug{ :jf:Yo aLdf af]8{ u7g ePsf] 5 .
55. aLdfdf ;xeflutf – :jf:Yo aLdf af]8{ cGtu{t klxnf] r/0f @)&@.&# df s}nfnL, afUn'ª / Onfdaf6
z'? ePsf] of] sfo{qmd plNnlvt # lhNnf;lxt @)&#.&$ df !% lhNnfdf / @)&$.&% df @$ lhNnf
yk u/L #( lhNnfdf nfu" ePsf] 5 . :jf:Yo aLdf nfu" eO{ sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf #^ lhNnfdf /fli6«o
hgu0fgf, @)^* sf] t'ngfdf :jf:Yo aLdf sfo{qmddf of] jif{ 3/w'/L @ nfv #& xhf/ (&& tyf
hg;+Vof !@ nfv ^( xhf/ @** sf] cfwf/df cf};t ;xefuL ;+Vof 3/w'/Lsf] t'ngfdf (=%$ k|ltzt
tyf hg;+Vofsf] t'ngfdf !)=*@ k|ltzt /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
aLdf ug]{ kl/jf/n] ;a} ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yfn] ;]jf glbPsf] / cgfjZos emd]nf x'g] u/]sf],
;xh ;]jf lng g;s]sf] u'gf;f] JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . sfof{non] cl3Nnf] jif{ sfo{qmddf ;xefuL eO{ of]
jif{ sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg]sf] ;+Vof %* k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . o; l:yltdf sfo{qmdsf] ;]jf ;Gt'li6
36]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg af]8{af6 ;]jfu|fxLsf] u'gf;f] ;Daf]wg x'g] u/L ;]jf
pknAw eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf cg'udg ug'{kb{5 . ;]jfnfO{ ;xh agfpg o; ljifodf cWoog u/L
b]lvPsf sdhf]/Lx? ;'wf/ ug]{tkm{ cfjZos kxn ug''{kg]{ b]lvG5 . :jf:Yo aLdf ubf{ ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/,
;]jfdf kx'Fr / nfutdf lskmfotLkgf Nofpg ljz]if cWoog u/L lbuf]kgfdf Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
56. d]l;g h8fg – :jf:Yo aLdf nfu" ePsf lhNnfsf c:ktfnnfO{ ;'ljwf ;DkGg agfpg utjif{ Ps
cfk"t{s;Fu *) yfg PS;/] d]l;g afUn'ª, Onfd;d]t @$ lhNnfdf cfk"lt{ tyf h8fg ug{ / tflnd
;~rfng;d]t ug]{ u/L ;Demf}tf ePsf] kfOof] . cfk"t{sn] yk Dofbleq cfk"lt{ u/]sf] &$ yfg d]l;g
;DalGwt lhNnfdf h8fg gu/]sf] / ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ d]l;g ;~rfng;DaGwL tflnd;d]t k|bfg
u/]sf] b]lvPg . ;DalGwt lhNNffdf ;fdfg h8fg tyf tflnd a]u/ ?=@ s/f]8 !% nfv &$ e'QmfgL
u/]sf] ;Demf}tfcg's"n b]lvPg . ;Demf}tfg';f/ sfo{ gePsf] sf/0f ;]jf ;~rfngdf c;/ k/]sf] x'Fbf
cfk"t{saf6 h8fg tyf tflnd ;~rfng u/fpg'kb{5 .
57. sf]ifsf] kl/rfng – :jf:Yo aLdf P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf @& df af]8{sf] gfddf Pp6f 5'§} sf]if /xg] / ;f]
sf]ifdf g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/af6 k|fKt cg'bfg /sd, of]ubfgstf{af6 k|fKt
/sd, :jb]zL ;+3, ;+:yf jf JolQmaf6 k|fKt /sd, ljb]zL ;/sf/, ;+3, ;+:yf jf JolQmaf6 k|fKt /sd,
af]8{n] cfh{g u/]sf] tyf cGo ;|ft] af6 k|fKt /sd hDdf ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . P]gsf] bkmf @* jdf]lhd
af]8{sf] tkm{af6 ul/g] ;Dk"0f{ vr{ sf]ifaf6 Joxf]l/g] pNn]v 5 . ;Ílnt /sd vr{ ug]{ sfo{ljlw tof/
u/]sf] 5}g . aLdf lk|ldodafkt of] jif{;Dd ;Íng ePsf] ?=%! s/f]8 ( nfv ^! xhf/ nufgL tyf
vr{ gu/L ljleGg sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{nosf] ljljw vftfdf lgliqmo /x]sf] 5 . af]8{sf]] ;Dk"0f{
vr{ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 pknAw ePsf] cg'bfgaf6 Joxf]l/Psf] 5 . sfg'gsf] Joj:yfcg';f/ sf]ifdf /x]sf]
/sd kl/rfng u/L ;f]af6 g} af]8{ ;~rfng Pj+ zf]wegf{ e'QmfgLsf] Joj:yf ug'k{ b{5 .
58. vr{ Joj:yfkg – :jf:Yo aLdf P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf @* df :jf:Yo aLdf k|j4{g / k|zf;lgs vr{sf]
nflu sf]ifsf] s'n ah]6sf] !@ k|ltztdf ga9\g] u/L vr{ ug{'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{;Dd af]8{n] u/]sf]
cfDbfgL tyf afXo ;|f]taf6 k|fKt x'g] cg'bfg ;xof]usf] cg'dfg u/L ah]6 th'{df ug]{ u/]sf] 5}g . of]
jif{ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt ?=! ca{ $@ s/f]8 &# nfv cg'bfgdWo] jiff{Gt;Dd ?=! ca{ !& s/f]8 (^
nfv vr{ ubf{ aLdf k|j4{g tyf k|zf;lgs sfo{df ?=#) s/f]8 #) nfv $! xhf/ cyf{t @%=^(
k|ltzt vr{ u/]sf] 5 . P]gsf] Joj:yf cg';f/ ;|f]tsf] kl/rfng ug'{kb{5 .
59. sfo{qmdsf] bLuf]kgf – g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{ df}lns xssf] ?kdf Joj:yf u/]
cg'?k gful/ssf] :jf:Yo aLdfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ub}{ ;a} g]kfnLnfO{ :jf:Yo pkrf/df kx'Frsf] Joj:yf
agfpg] gLltcg'?k of] sfo{qmd z'? ePsf] 5 .

aLdf sfo{qmddf ;xefuLsf]] of]ubfgdf cfwfl/t of] sfo{qmdsf] lbuf]kgfsf nflu ;/sf/n]
hf]lvd klxrfg u/L lg/fs/0fsf pkfo ckgfPsf] b]lvPg . of] jif{ aLdf of]hgfdf ;xefuL @ nfv #&
xhf/ (&& kl/jf/sf !@ nfv ^( xhf/ @** ;b:o aLdf sfo{qmddf ;xefuL ePafkt ?=%@ s/f]8
#$ nfv &$ xhf/ lk|ldod k|fKt ePsf] 5 . sfo{qmdaf6 @ nfv %& xhf/ ^* n] pkrf/ ;]jf lnP
afkt ?=^& s/f]8 $* nfv % xhf/ !%* ;+3 ;+:yfnfO{ zf]wegf{ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . of] jif{;Dd
;]jfu|fxLaf6 lnPsf] aLdf lk|ldodeGbf ?=!% s/f]8 !# nfv #! xhf/ a9L zf]wegf{ bfjL e'QmfgL
ePsf] 5 . af]8{n] k|fKt lk|ldod /sd kl/rfng u/]sf] 5}g / af]8{n] ug]{ cfDbfgLaf6 vr{ wfGg ;Sg]
cj:yf ;d]t b]lvPg . o;af6 ;/sf/n] k|bfg ug]{ cg'bfgaf6 g} af]8{ ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ l:ylt b]lvPsf]
5 . ;+3Lo zf;sLo Joj:yf adf]lhd ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] :jf:Yo ;]jf ;DaGwL 5'§f5'§}
sfo{If]q /xg] x'Fbf cGt/f{li6«o l;4fGt / c;n cEof;sf cfwf/df :jf:Yo aLdf sfo{qmd lbuf] ?kdf
;~rfng ug{ :jf:Yo aLdfsf] l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df ;~rfng x'g] jf cg'bfgaf6 ;~rfng x'g] lgSof}{n
u/L sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg'kb{5 .
60. sfo{qmddf bf]xf]/f]kgf – :jf:Yo aLdf gLlt, @)&! df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] th'{df x'Fb} u/]sf] :jf:YoljQ
/0fgLltn] ljleGg nufgL ;+oGqaLrdf cGt;{DaGwsf] dfu{lgb]{z ug]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n]
;j{;fwf/0f tyf nlIft ju{nfO{ cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jf, cfdf ;'/Iff, dlxnfsf] cfË v;]sf] lgMz'Ns
pkrf/, d[uf}nf SofG;/ tyf s8f/f]usf] ;x'lnot b/df ;]jf pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . ;fy}
la/fdLnfO{ ;a} :jf:Yo rf}sL, k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb| tyf cfo'{j]lbs cf}ifwfnoaf6 &) eGbf a9L
k|sf/sf cf}iflwx? lgMz'Ns pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] :jf:Yo aLdf sfo{qmddf
;xefuL ;a} ljkGg kl/jf/sf] k'/}] / dlxnf :j:Yo :jo+;]ljsfx?sf k|lt kl/jf/nfO{ ?=@ ;o %)
g]kfn ;/sf/n] aLdf lk|ldod lbFb} cfPsf]] 5 . aLdf sfo{qmddf cfj4 kl/jf/nfO{ ?=%) xhf/ b]lv !
nfv;Ddsf] ;]jf pknAw x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] aLdf sfo{qmd nfu" ePsf lhNnfdf ;d]t
lgMz'Ns cf}iflw nufot cGo :jf:Yo;DaGwL ;'ljwf pknAw u/fO/xFbf sfo{qmdx? bf]xf]/f] x'g] cj:yf
5 . bf]xf]/f]kgf x'g glbg yk ljZn]if0f u/L sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
cf}iflw Joj:yfkg
gful/snfO{ /fHoaf6 cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jf lgMz'Ns k|bfg ug{] tyf :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;a}sf] ;dfg
kFx'rsf] xs ;'/lIft ug{] /fHosf] bfloTjnfO{ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] c+lusf/ u/]sf] 5 . :jf:Yo ;]jfsf]
k|efjsf/Ltfdf cf}iflwsf] d"Vo e"ldsf /xg] ePsf]n] cf}iflw Joj:yfkg k|efjsf/L x'g' cfjZos 5 . cf}iflwsf]
vl/b, df}Hbft tyf u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f P+j Joj:yfkgsf] k|efjsfl/tf d"NofÍg ug{' n]vfk/LIf0fsf] p2]Zo /x]sf]
5 . n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
61. gLlt sfof{Gjog — /fli6«o cf}iflw gLlt, @)%! / /fli6«o :jf:Yo gLlt, @)&! Dff % If]qdf cf}iflw
Joj:yf ljefusf If]qLo zfvfx? :yfkgf ug{], cf}iflwsf] u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f ug{ /fli6«o k|of]uzfnfsf]
If]qLo zfvfx? :yfkgf ug{], eG;f/ ljGb'df cfofltt cf}iflwsf] c;n pTkfbg cEof; -hLPdkL_
cfjZostf cg';f/sf] gd"gf k/LIf0f ug{] Joj:yf ldnfpg], cf}iflwsf] pTkfbgdf k|of]u x'g] sRrf
kbfy{sf] :t/ ;lxtsf] g]kfnL kmdf{sf]lkof lgdf{0f ug{], :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfnodf cf}iflw
pTkfbg;Fu ;Da4 lgsfox?aLr ;dGjo ug{ cf}iflw dfldnf OsfO{sf] :yfkgf ug{], cf}iflw Joj:yf
ljefusf] k'g;+{/rgf u/L k|To]s lhNnfdf cfjZos ;+Vofdf cf}iflw lg/LIfssf] Joj:yf ug{] h:tf gLlt
sfo{Gjog x'g g;sL cf}iflw ljt/0f Pj+ u'0f:t/ Joj:yfkg sfo{ k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . gLltut
Joj:yfsf] sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
62. cf}iflwsf] :t/ — /fli6«o :jf:Yo gLlt,@)&! df ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L If]qdf cfk"lt{ x'g] cfGtl/s
pTkfbg jf cfoft ul/Psf cf}iflw, cf}hf/, pks/0f tyf k|of]uzfnfdf k|of]u x'g] ;fdu|Lsf] :t/
dfkb08 cg';f/ ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug]{, /fli6«o cf}iflw s'zn pTkfbg cEof; ;+lxtf, @)&@ Dff s'zn
pTkfbg cEof; adf]lhd pTkfbs btf{ ePsf] x'g' kg{], cf}iflw P]g, @)#% sf] bkmf !# df tf]lsPsf]
:t/ adf]lhd gePsf] cf}iflwsf] pTkfbg, ljlqm ljt/0f, lgsf;L k}7f/L, ;+ro tyf ;]jg ug{ u/fpg
gx'g] pNn]v 5 . g]kfn :jf:Yo cg';Gwfg kl/ifbn] ;g @)!& cS6'j/df k|sfzg u/]sf] Ps cWoogn]
g]kfndf pknAw x'g] @( k|ltzt cf}iflwx? s'g} klg b]zsf] kmdf{sf]kLofdf cfwfl/t g/x]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 .
cf}iflw Joj:yf ljefuaf6 k|fKt ljj/0fcg';f/ g]kfndf btf{ ePsf !$$ dWo] !@& :jb]zL pTkfbs
ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gsf] c;n pTkfbg cEof;adf]lhd k|dfl0ft g/x]sf] / /fli6«o cf}iflw s'zn
pTkfbg cEof; ;+lxtf, @)&@ cg';f/ !#@ pTkfbsn] k|df0fkq glnPsf] cj:yf 5 . ljefudf btf{
ePsf *) cfo'j{]lbs cf}iflw pTkfbsdWo] s'g}n] klg /fli6«o cf}iflw pTkfbg s'zn cEof; ;+lxtf
cg';f/ k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf] b]lvPg . l;x+b/af/ j}Bvfgf nufotsf ;/sf/L cf}iflw pTkfbsx?
;d]tn] s'zn cf}iflw pTkfbg ;+lxtfsf] kfngf u/]sf] ;'lglZrt x'g] cj:yf 5}g . ljefun] u/]sf]
ahf/ cg'udg k|ltj]bgdf
cg'udgdf gd'gf
jflif{s & b]lv !$ k|ltzt btf{ ePsf
gd'gf k/LIf0f
gd'gf
k/LIf0faf6
Tf]lsPsf] :t/
l;=g= cf=j= cf}iflwsf k/LIf0f cg';f/ gb]lvPsf
cf}iflwsf] :t/ tf]lsPadf]lhd k|sf/x? ul/Psf k|ltzt tf]lsPsf] :t/ cf}iflw k|ltzt
cf}iflwsf] ;+Vof cg';f/ gePsf]
gePsf] pNn]v 5 . cf}iflwdf cf}iflwsf] ;+Vof
k|of]u x'g] sRrf kbfy{x?sf] :t/ 1 2014 15247 687 4.5 99 14
tyf dfkb08 xfn;Dd tf]s]sf] 2 2015 16192 802 5 58 7
3 2016 17162 882 5 82 9
cj:yf 5}g eg] cf}iflw 4 2017 17591 916 5 66 7
pTkfbssf] PlS6j kmdf{:o"l6sN; 5 2018 19739 1004 5 91
;|f]t M cf}ilfw Joj:yf ljefu
9
O{Gu|Ll8P06;\ -P=kL=cfO=_ sf] ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7g c;n pTkfbg cEof;;DaGwL cl86 xfn;Dd
ePsf] 5}g . cfoft ul/g] cf}iflwx? g]kfnsf] eG;f/ ljGb'df lhPdkL u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f ug{] ;+oGq
algg;s]sf] cj:yfdf ahf/df pknAw cf}iflwsf] :t/df k"0f{tM cfZj:t x'g ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g .
gLltcg'?k cf}iflwsf] :t/ sfod ug{ k|efjsf/L sbd rfNg'kb{5 .
63. cf}iflw k;n btf{ Pj+ kmdf{l;:6 — cf}iflw P]g, @)#% sf] bkmf !) df cf}iflwsf] laqmL ljt/0fsf] nflu
cfkm\gf] gfddf k;n jf kmd{ btf{ u/fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . cf}iflw Joj:yf ljefusf] tYofÍ cg';f/ @!
xhf/ ^%! cf}iflw k;n btf{ /x]sf]df cf}iflw Joj;foL ;+3sf] tYofÍdf @* xhf/ ^ ;oeGbf a9L
cf}iflw k;n ;~rfngdf /x]sf] pNn]v 5 . pko'{Qm l:yltn] & xhf/ k;n btf{ geO{ ;~rfngdf
/x]sf] cj:yf b]lvof] . btf{ geO{ ;~rflnt cf}iflw k;n PsLg u/L lgodfg';f/ cfjZos sf/afxL
x'g'kb{5 . cf}iflw P]g, @)#% sf] bkmf !& df cf}iflw laqmL ljt/0f ubf{ kmdf{l;i6 jf kmfd]{;L ;xfossf]
pkl:ylt clgjfo{ x'g'kg{] Joj:yf 5 . b]ze/L @* xhf/ ^ ;o cf}iflw k;n ;~rfngdf /x]sf /
g]kfn kmfd{];L sfplG;ndf btf{ ePsf kmfdf{l;:6 @ xhf/ &!! / kmfd{];L ;xfos % xhf/ $& ;d]t
s'n & xhf/ &%& dfq b]lvPsf]n] ;a} cf}iflw k;ndf kmdf{l;i6 jf kmfd]{;L ;xfos g/x]sf] :ki6 x'G5 .
kmdf{l;i6 jf kmfd]{;L ;xfossf] pkl:ylt j]u/ laqmL ljt/0f x'g] cf}iflw tyf cf}iflw k;naf6 k|jfx
x'g] ;]jf k|efjsf/L x'g] b]lvb}g . kmdf{l;:6sf] pkl:ylt geO{ ;~rflnt cf}iflw k;nx? olsg u/L
sf/afxL x'g'kb{5 .
64. cf}iflw df}Hbft — cf}iflw, EoflS;g tyf ;fwgx?sf nflu PsLs[t cfk"lt{ >[ª\vnf Joj:yfkg
lgb{]lzsf, @)&# cg';f/ ;]jf k|bfg ug{] ;+:yfx?sf] cf}iflw df}Hbft @ dlxgfb]lv % dlxgfsf] vkt
a/fa/ x'g'kg{] Joj:yf 5 . :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefu / cGtu{tsf lgsfon] ljut # jif{df vl/b u/]sf
cTofjZos cf}iflwx?sf] ljj/0f ljZn]if0f ubf{ ;a}eGbf w]/} vkt x'g] l/Gh/ NofS6]6, k|'m;]dfO8,
Pdf]lS;l;lng, PNa]G8fhf]nnufot gf} cf}iflwsf] df}Hbft jflif{s vktsf] (% b]lv #%@ k|ltzt;Dd
/fv]sf] b]lvof] . cfufdL @ jif{eGbf a9L cjlwsf] dfu wfGg]] u/L cf}iflwsf] df}Hbft /fVg'sf] s'g}
cf}lrTo b]lvFb}g . cf}iflwsf] dfu cfÍngnfO{ j}1flgs agfO{ cfjZos kl/df0fdf cf}iflw vl/b u/L
;|f]tsf] ldtJooL pkof]u ug'{kb{5 .
65. Dofb gf3]sf cf}iflw — cf}iflw, EoflS;g tyf ;fwgx?sf nflu PsLs[t cfk"lt{ >[ª\vnf Joj:yfkg
lgb{]lzsf, @)&# df cf}iflw tyf cf}iflw hGo ;fdfu|Lx?sf] Dofb u'h|g], v]/ hfg] / r'xfj6 x'g] h:tf
sfo{nfO{ Go"gLs/0f u/L ;|f]tsf] clwstd pkof]u ug{'kg{] pNn]v 5 . ljefu tyf dftxtsf :jf:Yo
;+:yfdf vkt x'g] cTofjZos cf}iflwx?sf] ljut # jif{sf] tYofÍ ljZn]if0f ubf{ @)&@.&# df ?=&(
nfv, @)&#.&$ df ?=! s/f]8 !) nfv / @)&$.&% df ?=&) nfv a/fa/sf] !$ k|sf/sf cf}iflw tyf
;fwgx?sf] Dofb gfl3 v]/ uPsf] b]lvPsf]n] Dofb u'h|g] kl/df0fnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;s]sf] b]lvPg .
cf}iflwsf] vl/b tyf df}Hbft Joj:yfkgnfO{ j}1flgs agfO{ v]/ hfg] cj:yfnfO{ Go"gLs/0f u/L
;fj{hlgs ;|f]tsf] pkof]unfO{ ldtJooL / k|efjsf/L agfpg'kb{5 .
66. cg'udg — cf}iflw P]g, @)#% sf] bkmf @) df cf}iflwsf] cfjZos u'0f:t/ sfod ug{ lg/LIfsn]]
cf}iflw pTkfbg, laqmL ljt/0f, ;~ro jf kl/jxg ug{] :yndf lg/LIf0f u/L tf]lsPadf]lhd gb]lvPdf
cfjZos sf/afxL ug{'kg{] pNn]v 5 . ljut % jif{df cf};tdf jflif{s !* k|ltzt cf}iflw k;n, %^
k|ltzt :jb]zL pTkfbs tyf * k|ltzt ljb]zL cf}iflw pTkfbssf] dfq cg'udg u/]sf] lgDg
ljj/0faf6 b]lvof]M
lgl/If0f lg/LIf0f :jb]zL lg/LIf0f lg/LIf0f ljb]zL lg/LIf0f ePsf lg/LIf0f
cfly{s jif{ k;n ;+Vof ePsf] k;n ePsf] ljb]zL
k|ltzt pTkfbs k|ltzt pTkfbs k|ltzt
;+Vof :jb]zL pTkfbs
2014 19940 2451 12 120 pTkfbs117 98 339 10 3
2015 18293 3072 17 132 48 36 333 22 7
2016 14746 2909 20 130 72 55 341 37 11
2017 19364 4718 24 144 49 34 353 21 6
2018 21651 3691 17 158 90 57 385 48 12
cf};t c+s 18798.8 3368.2 18 136.8 75.2 56 350.2 27.6 8
;|f]tM :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefu
of] jif{ cg'udg u/]sf]dWo] @%^ k;nnfO{ sf/afxL u/]sf] 5 . sf/afxL u/]sf]dWo] btf{ ge}
;~rfngdf /x]sf] !% k;n aGb ug{ ;DalGwt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nonfO{ kqfrf/ u/]sf], !@# k;n
lgnDag u/]sf], !!& k;nnfO{ ;r]t u/fPsf] / ! sf] cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ u/]sf] 5 . cf}iflw
u'0f:t/;DaGwdf lgodg ug{] s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf] ?kdf /x]sf] c}iflw Joj:yf ljefudf xfn sfod
b/aGbL !!% dWo] $$ kb l/Qm /x]sf] / /fli6«o cf}iflw k|of]uzfnfsf] ljs]lGb|t ;+/rgf algg;s]sf]
sf/0f cf}iflw k;n tyf pTkfbsx?sf] lg/LIf0f k|efjsf/L x'g g;s]sf] b]lvG5 . P]g tyf gLltdf
pNn]v eP cg';f/ cf}iflw lg/LIfsx?sf] Joj:yf u/L cg'udg sfo{ k|efjsf/L agfpg'kb{5 .
lgisif{ — cf}iflwsf] pTkfbg, ;~ro, ljt/0f / u'0f:t/sf] lgodg ug{ P]g, lgod / lgb{]lzsfx? ag] tfklg
To;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ePsf] b]lvFb}g . cf}iflwsf] clen]v tyf df}Hbft Joj:yfkg r':t gx'g'sf ;fy}
dfucg';f/ cf}iflwsf] pTkfbg, vl/b tyf ;f]sf] ljt/0f ;d]t k|efjsf/L x'g;s]sf] b]lvb}g . gLltcg'?k vl/b
Joj:yfkg, u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f Pj+ cg'udg sfo{bIftf clej[l4 u/L cf}iflw Joj:yfkg sfo{df k|efjsf/Ltf
Nofpg'kb{5 . cf}iflwhGo h8La'6Lsf] Jofj;flos v]tL / cf}iflw pBf]usf] ljsf; / k|j4{gnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{
cf}iflw pTkfbgdf d'n'snfO{ cfTdlge{/ agfpg'kb{5 .
;+ul7t ;+:yf, cGo ;+:yf / ;ldlt

lrlsT;f lj1fg /fli6«o cWoog k|lti7fg, 6«df ;]G6/
67. n]vfk/LIf0f – lrlsT;f lj1fg /fli6\o k|lti7fg P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @^ df k|lti7fgsf] n]vfk/LIf0f
dxfn]vfk/LIfsaf6 x'g] Joj:yf 5 . lrlsT;f lj1fg /fli6\o k|lti7fg, 6\df ;]G6/nfO{ @)&$.&% sf]
ljQLo ljj/0f tyf ;f];DaGwL ;|]:tf k]; u/L n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg @)&%.^.% df kqfrf/ u/]sf]df k];
gu/]sf]n] k'gM @)&%.&.@% df kqfrf/ ul/Psf] lyof] . k6s k6s kqfrf/ ubf{ ;d]t n]vfk/LIf0f
gu/fPsf]n] @)&%.!!.!) df :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfnosf ;lrjnfO{ oyfy{tf 5fglag u/L ljQLo
ljj/0f tof/ ug{ kqfrf/ ul/Psf]df @)&%.!!.@! df 5fgljg 6f]nL u7g u/L k|lqmof cl3 a9fPsf]
hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5 . P]gsf] Joj:yfadf]lhd n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fpg] kbflwsf/LnfO{ o; ;DaGwdf
lhDd]jf/ u/fpg'kb{5 .
aL=kL= sf]O/fnf :jf:Yo lj1fg k|lti7fg, w/fg
68. n]vfk/LIf0f – aL=kL= sf]O/fnf :jf:Yo lj1fg k|lti7fg P]g, @)$( cg';f/ k|lti7fgsf] n]vfk/LIf0f
dxfn]vfk/LIfs sfof{noaf6 x'g] Joj:yf 5 . pQm k|lti7fgsf] n]vfk/LIf0fsf] nflu @)&%.(.#) df
n]vfk/LIf0f 6f]nL v6fO{ 6f]nLn] @)&%.!).!! df n]vfk/LIf0f k|j]z a}7s ;d]t ;DkGg u/L sfo{ k|f/De
u/]sf]df k|lti7fgaf6 k|dfl0ft jf;nft, vr{sf kmfF6jf/Lx? pknAw gu/fPsf]n] n]vfk/LIf0f sfo{
;DkGg ePsf] 5}g . ;f] Joxf]/f ;DalGwt ;+:yf, dGqfno, ;xs'nklt / s'nkltnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fOPsf]
5 . ;dod} sf/f]af/sf] ljQLo ljj/0f n]vfk/LIf0fdf k]; gug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
lrlsT;f lj1fg /fli6«o cWoog k|lti7fg÷jL/ c:ktfn
g]kfnsf] klxnf] c:ktfn jL/ c:ktfnn] b]zsf] :jf:Yo ;]jf k|jfxdf ljleGg k|sf/sf ljz]if1 :jf:Yo
pkrf/ ;]jf, c;xfo tyf ljkGg ju{nufot ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ lrlsT;f ;]jfdf ;xh kx'Fr k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] 5 .
o; c:ktfnnfO{, @)^# ;fndf ljz]if P]gcGtu{t k|lti7fg ;+/rgfleq ;+:yfut ul/Psf] xf] . of] jif{
c:ktfnn] ?=@ ca{ % s/f]8 $& nfv vr{ u/L $ nfv !# xhf/ %@^ la/fdLnfO{ :jf:Yo pkrf/ ;]jf lbPsf] 5 .
69. sd{rf/L sfh – lrlsT;f lj1fg /fli6\o k|lti7fg P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @$-!_ df g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn
:jf:Yo ;]jfsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k|lti7fgsf] cg'/f]wdf k|lti7fgdf sfh v6fpg ;Sg] / sfhdf vl6Psf
sd{rf/Ln] k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] kfP ;/xsf] ;'ljwf kfpg] pNn]v 5 . cGo sfof{nodf sfo{/t
lrlsT;s/sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ sfhdf NofO{ @)&@.&# df ?=^( nfv !* xhf/, @)&#.&$ df !$
lrlsT;s/sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ?=&& nfv *@ xhf/ / @)&$.&% df b'u{d lhNnfsf ;d]t #* lrlsT;s/
sd{rf/LnfO{ ?=! s/f]8 &* nfv $# xhf/;d]t ?=# s/f]8 @% nfv $# xhf/ tna eQf vr{ n]v]sf] 5 .
o;/L b'u{d If]qdf la/fdLn] pkrf/ gkfpg] u/L ;'ud If]qdf sfhdf /fVg' dgfl;a b]flvPg .
csf]{tk{m k|lti7fgcGtu{tsf ljefu tyf jf8{df txut / ljifout ?kdf cfjZos hgzlQmsf]
;DaGwdf ;+u7g tyf Joj:yfkg ;j]{If0f u/L hgzlQm Joj:yfkg ug'{kg]{df To;f] gu/L sfhdf /fvL
tna eQf / cGo vr{ n]Vg] u/]sf] sf/0f o;af6 kbflwsf/ /x]sf c:ktfn tyf sfof{nosf] ;]jf
k|jfxdf ;d]t c;/ kg]{ ePsf]n] cfjZostfsf] klxrfg u/L ;f]cg';f/ kbk"lt{ u/L sfhdf /fVg]
kl/kf6L lgoGq0f x'g'kb{5 .
70. ;]jf k|jfx – jL/ c:ktfndf la/fdL rfksf] t'ngfdf Pd=cf/=cfO{= tyf ;L=6L= :Sofg Go"g /x]sf]
sf/0f ;j{;fwf/0fn] ;]jfsf] nflu cfˆgf] kfnf] gkfO{ Pd=cf/=cfO{= ;]jfsf] nflu sDtLdf # lbg /
k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgsf] nflu yk $ lbg s'gk'{ g]{ cj:yf /x]sf] kfOof] eg] ;L=6L= :Sofgsf] nflu Go"gtd #
lbg s'g'{kg]{ / l/kf]l6{ªsf] nflu yk # lbgb]lv $ lbg nufpg] u/]sf] kfOof] . Pd=cf/=cfO{= tyf ;L=6L=
:Sofg afXo lghL :jf:Yo ;+:yfeGbf ?=$ xhf/;Dd ;:tf] b]lvP tfklg pQm ;]jf k|fKt ug{ # b]lv $
lbg nfUg] u/]sf] b]lvFbf la/fdL / la/fdL s'?jfsf] nflu dxËf] kg]{ b]lvG5 . To;}u/L c:ktfnsf] zøof
/ ;]jfsf] t'ngfdf cfO{=;L=o"= ;+Vof Go"g /x]sf] 5 . s]Gb|Lo c:ktfndf @% cfO{=;L=o"= zøof dfq
/x]sf]n] la/fdLnfO{ cGoq k7fpg'kg]{ l:ylt 5 .
71. cf}iflw vl/b ;'ljwf – lrlsT;f lj1fg /fli6«o k|lti7fg sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{ ;'ljwf;DaGwL lgodfjnL,
@)^% sf] lgod !))-@_ df k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ lbOg] cf}iflw vl/bnufotsf ;'ljwf cfGtl/s
;|f]taf6 Joxf]g]{ u/L sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\n] tf]s]adf]lhd x'g] Joj:yf 5 . o; jif{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
cg'bfgaf6 ?=!! s/f]8 !$ nfv #% xhf/ tna eQf;d]t cfGtl/stkm{sf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ tna
e'QmfgL ug{ gk'u eO{ cg'bfg vr{ ePsf] cj:yfdf clws[t:t/sf] nflu ! dlxgf / cGo
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ !=% dlxgfsf] tnasf] lx;fan] x'g] cf}iflw vl/bafkt gub ;'ljwf ?=@ s/f]8 &@ nfv
^* xhf/ vr{ n]v]sf] 5 . cfGtl/s ;|f]taf6 gk'u ePsf] cj:yfdf ;d]t lgod ljk/Lt ;'ljwf lbg]
sfo{df lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
72. nfut cg'dfg – jL/ c:ktfnn] ^& k|sf/sf cf}iflwsf] ?=*& nfv %# xhf/sf] nfut cg'dfg tof/
u/L @)&$.!!.!) df af]nkq ubf{ k]; ePsf % af]nkqdWo] ;aeGbf 36L saf]n ug]{ Ps cfk"t{s;Fu
@)&%.#.#! df ?=#& nfv @# xhf/df ;Demf}tf u/]sf] kfOof] . o;/L nfut cg'dfgeGbf %* k|ltzt
36L d"Nodf saf]n u/L ;fdfg cfk"lt{ ug]{ ;Demf}tf ePsf]n] nfut cg'dfg ljZj;gLo ?kdf tof/
u/]sf] b]lvPg . To;}u/L @)&#.&$ sf] nfut cg'dfgsf] t'ngfdf ljleGg cfO6ddf c:jfefljs ?kdf
!@% b]lv *$% k|ltzt;Dd a9]sf] b]lvPsf]n] nfut cg'dfg e/kbf]{ 5 eGg] cfwf/;d]t b]lvPg . ctM
nfut cg'dfg oyfy{k/s agfpg'kb{5 .
73. k|tLtkqsf] km/kmf/s – jL/ c:ktfnn] ;Demf}tfsf] zt{cg'?k ljutdf vf]lnPsf k|tLtkq tf]lsPsf]
;dodf km5\of}{6 u/L km/kmf/s ug'{kb{5 . o;;DaGwL ljj/0f dfu ubf{ c:ktfnn] ljutdf vf]lnPsf
k|tLtkqsf] oyfy{ ljj/0f tof/ u/L /fVg] gu/]sf]n] pknAw ePg . n]vfk/LIf0fsf] qmddf !% kmd{sf
gfddf vf]lnPsf @)^).^! b]lvsf km5\of}{6 gePsf k|tLtkqx?sf] ?=$ s/f]8 %( nfv $* xhf/
k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 . plNnlvt km5\of}{6 ug{ afFsL k|tLtkq k]:sLdWo] @)^).^! sf] Ps hd{g
sDkgLsf] Go'/f] ;lh{sn pks/0f cfk"lt{sf] ?=*! nfv *% xhf/ / Nofk|f]:sf]kL ;~rfng d]l;gsf]
?=!% nfv /x]sf] b]lvof] . o:tf k|tLtkqx? cGo s] slt /x]sf 5g\ / lsg km5\of}{6 ug{ l9nfO ePsf]
xf], 5fglag u/L km/kmf/s ug'{kb{5 .
74. k|zf;lgs vr{ – c:ktfnsf] of] jif{sf] cfDbfgL ?=#! s/f]8 %$ nfv @# xhf/ ePsf]df sd{rf/Lsf]
tna eQf, kf]zfs / ;]jf lgj[Q ;'ljwfnufot ;ldlttk{msf sd{rf/L Joj:yfkgdf dfq ?=## s/f]8
%) nfv (^ xhf/ vr{ ePsf] 5 . pQm vr{ cfDbfgLsf] !)& k|ltzt x'g cfpF5 . ;ldltsf
sd{rf/Lsf] nflu cjsfzkl5 x'g] e'QmfgLsf] ;d]t Joj:yfkg x'g] u/L df}Hbft g/x]sf] / ef}lts
k"jf{wf/ / pks/0f Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ;/sf/s} cg'bfgdf e/ kg'{kg]{ l:ylt 5 . c:ktfnnfO{ lbuf]
?kdf ;~rfng ug{ / ljQLo cj:yf ;'wf/ ug{ sfo{qmd to u/L sfof{Gjog ug{'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
75. pks/0f vl/b – jL/ c:ktfnn] @)&#.&$ sf] :jLs[t sfo{qmdcg';f/ SofG;/ /f]usf] pkrf/sf] nflu
;L=6L= l;d'n]6/ d]l;g / 6f]df]y]/fkL d]l;g vl/b ug{ 5'§f5'§} 7]Ssfk§f u/L b'O{ cfk"t{saf6 qmdzM
@)&$.(.#) / @)&$.(.@# leq pknAw u/fpg] u/L ?=$& s/f]8 () nfv ^) xhf/df ;Demf}tf
u/]sf] 5 . eG;f/sf] ljj/0fcg';f/ pQm d]l;g @)&$.#.!* df eG;f/ ljGb'df k|fKt eP klg @)&%
kmfu'g dlxgf;Dd pQm ;fdfg h8fg ePsf] 5}g . ;fljsdf SofG;/ pkrf/sf] nflu k|of]u ul/Psf]
sf]jfN6 ^) /]l8of] PlS6e ;f];{sf] ;'/lIft Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;DalGwt lgsfodf kqfrf/ ul/Psf] /
;f] pks/0f /fVg] aÍ/ vfnL ePkl5 h8fg ug]{ egL ;z:q k|x/L an xnrf]sdf @)&%.%.!* df
/fv]sf] 5 . @)&%.#.#) ;Dd dfq Dofb yk ePsf] pQm ;fdfgsf] h8fg gx'Fbf SofG;/ /f]uLx?sf]
pkrf/ k|efljt ePsf] 5 .
sflGt afn c:ktfn
:jf:Yo dGqfnocGtu{t afnaflnsfx?sf] nflu Ps dfq s]Gb|Lo /]km/n c:ktfnsf] ?kdf ;~rflnt
sflGt afn c:ktfn s]Gb|Lo afn c:ktfnsf] ?kdf ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . c:ktfnn] #)* zøofsf] ljz]if1
;]jf ;~rfng u/L of] jif{ @ nfv @ xhf/ !&# la/fdLnfO{ ;]jf lbPsf] 5 .
76. ;ldltsf] cfDbfgL – c:ktfnn] k]; u/]sf] cfo Joo ljj/0fcg';f/ ut jif{sf] lhDd]jf/L / ;fk6L
36fpFbf of] jif{sf] cfDbfgL ?=!@ s/f]8 #^ nfv (( xhf/ x'g] b]lvG5 . ;ldltsf] of] jif{sf] vr{dWo]
sd{rf/Lsf] tna eQf, kf]zfs / ;]jf lgj[Q ;'ljwfnufot ;ldlttk{msf sd{rf/L Joj:yfkgdf dfq
?=!! s/f]8 (@ nfv #! xhf/ vr{ ePsf] 5 . pQm vr{ cfDbfgLsf] (^=#* k|ltzt x'g cfpF5 .
;ldltsf sd{rf/Lsf] nflu cjsfzkl5 x'g] e'QmfgLsf] ;d]t Joj:yfkg x'g] u/L df}Hbft g/x]sf]
cj:yf 5 . ef}lts k"jf{wf/ / pks/0f Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ;/sf/s} cg'bfgdf e/ kg'{kg]{ l:ylt 5 .
c:ktfnn] cfo j[l4 / vr{ lgoGq0f;DaGwL gLlt tyf sfo{qmd to u/L sfof{Gjog ug{'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
77. cfO{=;L=o"= ;]jf – o; c:ktfndf %@ zøofsf] cfO{=;L=o"= ;]jf ;~rfng ug]{ Ifdtf /x]sf]df xfn #&
zøof dfq ;~rfngdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . !% zøof ;~rfng gePsf] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn ubf{ :yfg,
hgzlQm / pks/0fsf] sf/0fn] ;~rfng ug{ g;lsPsf] hgfPsf] 5 . c:ktfnsf] clen]vcg';f/ of]
jif{ *#* la/fdLnfO{ cfO{=;L=o" df zøofsf] cefj ePsf sf/0f cGoq l;kmfl/; ug'{ k/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
c:ktfnn] e]lG6n]6/;lxtsf] cfO=;L=o"=sf] k|ltlbg z'Ns ?=$ xhf/ @ ;o lng] u/]sf]df lghL
c:ktfndf ;f] z'Ns bf]Aa/eGbf a9L /x]sf] 5 . afnaflnsfsf] pkrf/sf] nflu Psdfq s]Gb|Lo l/km/n
c:ktfnn] cfO{=;L=o"= cefjs} sf/0f pko'{Qm ;+Vofdf cGoq l;kmfl/; ug'{kg]{ l:ylt ;[hgf x'g'n]
;]jfk|jfx sfo{ ;Gtf]ifhgs b]lvPg . cfO{=;L=o"= cefjsf sf/0f la/fdL cGoq l;kmfl/; ug'{kg]{
kl/l:yltsf] cGt u/L u'0f:t/Lo ;]jfk|jfxdf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
78. aSof}tf c;'nL – c:ktfnn] ;Demf}tfadf]lhdsf] ef8f, dx;'n tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
c:ktfnn] pknAw u/fPsf] ljj/0fcg';f/ @)&).&! sf] Ps kmd{sf] ef8f ?=!^ nfv %) xhf/ /
;lkË sDKn]S; ;~rfns Ps kmfd]{;Laf6 @)&@.%.!^ ;Ddsf] -aSof}tf, ef8f l9nf] a'emfPafktsf]
xh{gf / ljB't dx;'n_ ?=*$ nfv (! xhf/;d]t ?=! s/f]8 ! nfv $! xhf/ /x]sf] b]lvof] .
c:ktfnn] kl5Nnf] k6s SoflG6g ef8f c;'nLsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6
dxfgu/ k|x/L kl/;/nfO{ @)&@.!).% df kqfrf/ u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L ;lkË sDKn]S;sf] ef8f c;'n
ug{ @)&@.(.% df ;~rfnsn] saf]n u/]sf]df xfn;Dd klg c;'n ePsf] 5}g . pQm Joxf]/f ut
jif{;d]t cf}FNofOPsf]df l:ylt oyfjt\ 5 . pQm aSof}tf /sd ;Demf}tfsf] zt{adf]lhd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
zxLb u+ufnfn /fli6«o x[bo s]Gb|
g]kfndf lbg k|ltlbg j[l4 x'Fb} uO/x]s]f d'6'/f]usf] /f]syfd, lgbfg, pkrf/ tyf x[bo/f]uLx?sf]
k'g:yf{kgfsf] nflu cfjZos pRr:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jf ;j{;'ne ?kdf :jb]zd} pknAw u/fO{ x[bo/f]uLx?nfO{
dfgjf]lrt hLjgofkg ug{ ;Ifd t'Nofpg / x[bo/f]u;DaGwL pRr:t/Lo cWoog / cg';Gwfgsf] nflu
cfjZos bIf hgzlQm tof/ ug]{ d"n p2]Zon] s]Gb| :yfkgf eO{ ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
79. ;]jf k|jfx – of] jif{ s]Gb|n] !% jif{d'lgsf *^( hgf / &% jif{dflysf Ho]i7 gful/s %$$ hgf d'6'
/f]uLsf] lgMz'Ns pkrf/ ;]jf lbPsf] 5 . afy /f]uLx?sf] lgMz'Ns eNel/Ë tyf zNolqmof *)! hgf,
alx/Ë ;]jf ! nfv ^) xhf/ ($@ hgf, d'6'sf] zNolqmof ! xhf/ *%^ hgf, PlGhof]u|fkmL k/LIf0f ^
xhf/ (!@ hgfnfO{ ;]jf pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . s]Gb|df sfl8{of]nf]hL %( hgf;d]t ljleGg kbsf ^)^
hgfsf] b/aGbL /x]sf]df sfl8{of]nf]hL * / gl;{Ë %$ ;d]t !%% hgf b/aGbL l/Qm /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
b/aGbLcg'/;f/ kbk"lt{ ug{ g;s]sf] sf/0f d'6' h:tf ;+j]bgzLn ;]jfdf a9L ;do k|tLIff ug'{kg]{
cj:yf b]lvG5 . ;dod} kbk"lt{ u/L u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf ;~rfngdf Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
80. ah]6 lk|mh – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod ## adf]lhd lk|mh gx'g] ah]6 afx]ssf]
art /sd ;fntdfd x'g'eGbf sDtLdf & lbg cufl8 g} ;DalGwt sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs
sfof{nodf lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{df c:ktfnn] hgsk'/ c~rn c:ktfndf x[bo/f]u ;]jf ;~rfngsf nflu
d]l;g/L pks/0f vl/b tyf ejg lgdf{0f ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 lgsf;f ePsf] ?=# s/f]8dWo] ?=!
s/f]8 &^ nfv ($ xhf/ df}Hbft /x]sf]df lkmtf{ u/L lk|mh u/]sf] b]lvPg . pQm /sd o; jif{ vr{
u/]sf] hfgsf/L x'g cfPsf] 5 . vr{ gu/L df}Hbft /x]sf] csf]{ jif{ vr{ ug'{ ah]6 l;4fGt ljk/Lt
b]lvof] .
aL=kL= sf]O/fnf d]df]l/on SofG;/ c:ktfn, e/tk'/
SofG;//f]usf] /f]syfd, /f]u lgbfg / pkrf/sf] nflu pRr:t/Lo ;]jf k|bfg u/L dfgjf]lrt
hLjgofkg ug{ ;Ifd t'Nofpg] Pj+ SofG;//f]usf] cg';Gwfg u/L cfjZos hgzlQm;d]t tof/ ug]{ c:ktfnsf]
p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 . c:ktfnn] alx/Ënufot ! nfv #@ xhf/ (*! hgf la/fdLnfO{ ;]jf k'¥ofPsf] b]lvG5 .
81. vr{ Joj:yfkg – utjif{ c:ktfnsf] s'n vr{ ?=*@ s/f]8 ^( nfv $@ xhf/ ePsf]df of] jif{ j[l4
eO{ ?=! ca{ ^ s/f]8 $% nfv $^ xhf/ k'u]sf] 5 . vr{ j[l4sf d'Vo sf/0f ejg lgdf{0f tyf
pks/0f vl/b /x]sf] 5 . of] jif{ c:ktfnsf] cfGtl/s cfo ?=!( s/f]8 $! nfv #( xhf/dfq
/x]sf]df tna / eQf zLif{sdf dfq ?=@* s/f]8 $) nfv #) xhf/ vr{ ePsf] cj:yf 5 . ;ldltsf]
cfGtl/s cfoeGbf tna eQf zLif{sdf dfq ?=* s/f]8 (* nfv (! xhf/ -$^ k|ltzt_ a9L vr{
ePsf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jf:Yo s/ sf]if / cg'bfgafkt of] jif{ ?=%( s/f]8 k|fKt ePsf] b]lvG5 .
pko'{Qm l:yltn] c:ktfnsf] ljQLo cj:yf ;an b]lvPg . c:ktfnn] cfjZostfsf] cfwf/df dfq
sd{rf/L egf{ u/L cgfjZos vr{nfO{ lgoGq0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
82. cfDbfgL k|If]k0f – c:ktfnn] lj:tfl/t :jf:Yo ;]jf -O{=Pr=P;=_ ;d]t ;]jf z'Nsafkt ?=@$ s/f]8
cfDbfgL x'g] cg'dfg u/]sf]df ?=!^ s/f]8 ^ nfvdfq cfDbfgL u/]sf] 5 . c:ktfnn] of] jif{ ;~rfng
ug]{ nIo /fv]sf] O{=Pr=P;= g} ;~rfng gePsf sf/0f cfDbfgL 36L x'g'sf ;fy} ;f]af6 gful/sn]
;]jf;d]t k|fKt ug{ g;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . nIocg';f/ ;]jf ;~rfng u/L cfDbfgL / ;]jf k|jfxdf ;'wf/
ug{'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
83. k]6 ;L=6L=:Sofg – k]6 ;L=6L=:Sofg !^ :nfO; ;fOSnf]6\f]g;d]t 6g{ sL ljlwaf6 vl/b ug{ d"No
clej[l4 s/ afx]s ?=$) s/f]8 %) nfvsf] nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t u/L @)&!.&.!! df cGt/f{li6«o
af]nkq cfXjfg u/L k]; ePsf] @ af]nkqdWo] 36Ljfnf Ps OG6/g];gn k|f=ln= sf] d"No clej[l4 s/
afx]s ?=#& s/f]8 ^^ nfv @$ xhf/ ePsf] Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L @)&@.!.#! df lgb]{zs;dIf k];
u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm d]l;g vl/b ;DaGwdf dfggLo dlGq:t/sf] @)&@.#.!* sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ csf]{
lg0f{o geP;Dd xfn vl/b sfo{ :ylut ug{' egL kqfrf/ u/]sf] kfOof] . vl/b k|lqmof /f]lsPsf]
;DaGwdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 @)&#.!).@$ df 6]08/ k|lqmof /f]Sg gldNg] k/dfb]z hf/L ePsf] b]lvG5 .
pQm d]l;g vl/bsf] nflu @)&#.&$ df ?=!% s/f]8 / @)&$.&% df ?=!% s/f]8sf] ah]6 Joj:yf
ePsf]df xfn;Dd vl/b sfo{ x'g ;s]sf] b]lvPg . vl/b ;DaGwdf plrt lg0f{o u/L u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf
k|jfx ug'{kb{5 .
84. /]l8of]y]/fkL ;]jf – c:ktfnn] @)&!.&@ df # xhf/ *%@ hgfnfO{ /]l8of]y]/fkL ;]jf pknAw
u/fPsf]df @)&@.&# df @ xhf/ *!# hgf / @)&#.&$ df ! xhf/ &)! hgfnfO{ ;]jf pknAw
u/fPsf] 5 . b'O{ jif{ ;]jf pknAwtf 36]sf]df @)&$.&% df ;fdfGo j[l4 eO{ ! xhf/ (@! hgfnfO{
;]jf pknAw u/fPsf] kfOof] . SofG;/ la/fdL ;+Vof @)&@.&# df $ xhf/ ^%$ /x]sf]df a9]/
@)&$.&% df % xhf/ @@) k'u]sf]df /]l8of]y]/fkL ug]{sf] ;+Vof 36]sf] b]lvof] . Psftk{m ;]jfsf]
pknAwtf 36]sf] / csf]{tk{m ;dodf ;]jf gkfPsf] hgu'gf;f] ;DaGwdf c:ktfn;+u 5nkmn ubf{
ljutdf k6s k6s d]l;g lau|]sf]n] pko'{Qm l:ylt b]lvPsf] hgfPsf] 5 . /]l8of]y]/fkL ug{ k|tLIff/t
la/fdLsf] ljj/0f dfu u/L ljZn]if0f ubf{ # dlxgf;Dd kfnf] kv{g' kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 . c:ktfnn]
pks/0f / hgzlQmsf] cefjsf] sf/0f l9nfO{ x'g] u/]sf] pNn]v u/] tfklg hgu'gf;f]nfO{ ;Daf]wg x'g]
u/L ;]jf k|jfx l56f], 5l/tf] / u'0f:t/Lo agfpg Wofg lbg'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
85. ejgsf] cj:yf – c:ktfnn] pknAw u/fPsf] ljj/0fcg';f/ s'n (* ejg /x]sf 5g\ . la/fdL s'?jf
3/ ^, kfgL 6+sLd'lgsf] ejgnufot sltko ejgsf] zf}rfno dd{t ug'{kg]{, efG;fsf] kfgLsf] wf/f
lau|]sf], ‰ofn 9f]sf lau|]sf], sltko ejg elTsO{ dd{t ug'{kg]{ / /Ë/f]ug cefjsf sf/0f hL0f{ aGb}
uPsf] sf/0f dd{t sfo{ ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
pknAw ljj/0fcg';f/ c:ktfndf /x]sf ^ s'?jf 3/sf] a]8sf] cfwf/df !! xhf/ #!% lbg
pkof]u x'g'kg]{df # xhf/ #(( lbg dfq pkof]u ePsf] b]lvFbf #) k|ltztdfq pkof]u ePsf] b]lvof] .
s'?jf 3/ dd{t x'g g;Sbf nufgL v]/ uO/x]sf]df c:ktfnn] Wofg lbPsf] 5}g . la/fdLsf
s'?jfx?nfO{ cfjZos ;]jf pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 .
86. kmfd]{;L ;]jf – c:ktfn kmfd]{;L ;]jf lgb]{lzsf, @)&@ n] :jf:Yo ;]jfdf k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;a}sf] kx'Fr
;'lglZrt ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ / cf+lzs :jfldTj /x]sf jf ljsf; ;ldlt P]g, @)!# cg';f/
;~rfng ePsf ;a} c:ktfnn] kmfd]{;L ;]jf ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . pko'{Qm
Joj:yfcg';f/ ;a} c:ktfnsf] cfˆg} kmfd]{;L x'g'kg]{df of] jif{;d]t s]xL c:ktfnn] cfˆgf] kmfd]{;L
;]jf ;~rfng u/]sf] 5}g . of] jif{ c:ktfnsf] kl/;/leq /x]sf] ;femf :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] kmfd]{;Laf6 dfq
?=@$ s/f]8 %$ nfv (# xhf/sf] cf}iflw tyf cf}iflwhGo ;fdu|L vl/b u/]sf] kfOof] . Psftk{m
c:ktfnn] ;f]af6 k|fKt x'g] cfDbfgL u'dfPsf] 5 eg] csf]{tk{m ;'ne d"Nodf k|fKt x'g] cf}iflwaf6 ;d]t
la/fdLx? jl~rt x'g k/]sf] b]lvof] . lgb]{lzsfadf]lhd kmfd]{;L ;]jf ;~rfng u/L nfe / ;]jf
lng'/lbg'kb{5 .
87. df}Hbft Joj:yfkg – c:ktfnsf] a}Í vftf ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] a}Ídf /xg] pNn]v 5 . ;+s6u|:t /x]sf]
ljQLo ;+:yf gf/fo0fL ljsf; a}Ísf] ljleGg art vftfdf ut jif{;Dd ?=( s/f]8 @ nfv @# xhf/
afFsL /x]sf]df of] jif{ ?=% s/f]8 * nfv k|fKt eO{ Aofh;d]t ?=$ s/f]8 % nfv *% xhf/ afFsL
/x]sf] b]lvof] . pQm /sd c;'n u/L k|lt:kwf{åf/f ;'/lIft a}Ídf hDdf ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
88. ;]jf k|jfx – c:ktfn sd{rf/L k|zf;g lgodfjnL, @)^^ sf] lgod !!% adf]lhd sfof{no ;do
aflx/ :jLs[lt lnO{ sfd ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yfcg';f/ lrlsT;snfO{ :jLs[lt lbg] u/]sf] 5 . c:ktfnaf6
@)&@.&# df $ xhf/ ^%$, @)&#.&$ df $ xhf/ &&@ / @)&$.&% df % xhf/ @@) hgf SofG;/
/f]usf la/fdLn] ;]jf k|fKt u/]sf] b]lvG5 . c:ktfnsf] ;]jfk|jfx k|efjsf/L agfpg lrlsT;snufot
sd{rf/L sfof{no ;doe/ c:ktfndf pkl:yt x'g'kg]{ / cfjZos d]l;g tyf pks/0f pknAw eO{
c:ktfnsf] ;du| jftfj/0f;d]t ;kmf / :jR5 x'g'kb{5 . c:ktfnnfO{ k]6 ;L=6L=:Sofgnufotsf
d]l;g pks/0f cfjZos eP klg pknAw ePsf] 5}g . c:ktfn kl/;/leq &% la3f !) s7\7f @ w'/
hUuf /x]sf]df sltko hUufsf] plrt Joj:yf x'g g;sL emf8Lsf] ?kdf /x]sf], k'/fgf dd{t x'g
g;Sg] ;fdfg v'nf ?kdf /fv]sf], c:ktfn kl/;/sf] ;8s hL0f{ x'Fb} uPsf]n] jftfj/0fLo :jR5tf
sdhf]/ /x]sf] 5 eg] c:ktfn kl/;/df pkrf/;Fu c;DalGwt JolQmx?sf] pkl:yltn] ;]jf k|jfxdf
c;/ k/]sf] hgu'gf;f] /x]sf] 5 .
c:ktfndf cfpg] la/fdLnfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;xof]uL sIf gx'Fbf ;]jf k|fKt ug{
c;xh ePsf] b]lvG5 . b/aGbLcg';f/ kbk"lt{ gePsf], lrlsT;snufotsf k|fljlws tf]lsPsf]
;do;Dd c:ktfndf /xL ;]jf pknAw gu/fPsf], ljlzi6 vfnsf] ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] c:ktfndf
cfjZos d]l;g pks/0f cefj /x]sf], ;/;kmfO{sf] cj:yf ;an gb]lvPsf] nufotsf sf/0fn]
u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf k|jfxdf c;/ k/]sf] 5 . ;]jfdf ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
e/tk'/ c:ktfn
hgtfnfO{ ;j{;'ne ?kdf :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] :yflkt o; c:ktfnn] alx/Ë, cfsl:ds,
cGt/Ë, P=cf/=6L=, kL=Pd=6L=;L=6L=, ;'/lIft dft[Tj tyf kl/jf/ lgof]hgnufot ljleGg ;]jfdfk{mt @ nfv
$& xhf/ !!^ hgfnfO{ ;]jf k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .
89. lnh /sd – dfnkf]t P]g, @)#$ cg';f/ ;/sf/L hUuf btf{ tyf lnhdf pknAw u/fpg] sfo{gLlt,
@)&! /fhkqdf k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . pQm sfo{gLltdf ef]uflwsf/ lbPsf] hUuf lnhdf kl/0ft ug'{kg]{
pNn]v 5 . ;f]xL sfo{gLltdf lnh /sd lgwf{/0f ubf{ dfnkf]t sfof{non] /lhi6\];g k|of]hgsf] nflu
tf]s]sf] rfn' jif{sf] Go"gtd d"NofÍgsf] cfwf/df ul/g] / Go"gtd jflif{s lnh /sdsf] k|ltzt;d]t
tf]s]sf] 5 . Ps d]l8sn sn]hnfO{ ( laufx hUuf jflif{s ?=( nfv lng] u/L lnhdf pknAw u/fPsf]
b]lvof] . pQm sn]h;Fu * cui6 !((# df ePsf] ;Demf}tfsf] a'Fbf g+= @# df ;Demf}tfsf zt{x?,
kl/dfh{g / ;+zf]wg;d]t ug{ ;lsg] k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 . dfnkf]t sfof{no, lrtjgn] @)&$.&% sf]
nflu pQm :yfgsf] hUufsf] Go"gtd d"NofÍg k|lts7\7f ?=$! nfv tf]s]sf]n] ( ljufxsf] ?=&# s/f]8
*) nfv x'g cfpF5 . sfo{gLltsf] cg';"rL ! adf]lhd lghL d]l8sn sn]hnfO{ ! k|ltztn] lnh /sd
lng] pNn]v ePsf]n] @)&$.&% sf] lnh /sd ?=&# nfv *) xhf/ x'g] b]lvG5 . pko'{Qm l:yltdf
;Demf}tf kl/dfh{g gu/L ?=( nfvdfq lnh /sd c;'n ubf{ jflif{s ?=^$ nfv *) xhf/ c;'n
gePsf] cj:yf 5 . o; ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt lgsfo / kbflwsf/L lhDd]jf/ agfO{ Go"gtd lnh /sd
c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
o;}u/L g]kfn g]qHof]lt ;+3cGtu{t ;~rflnt e/tk'/ cfFvf c:ktfnnfO{ $ laufx hUuf
ef]uflwsf/df lbPsf]df lnhdf kl/0ft ePsf] b]lvPg . pQm hUufsf] dfnkf]t sfof{no, lrtjgn]
@)&$.&% df u/]sf] Go"gtd d"NofÍgcg';f/ k|lt s7\7f ?=$% nfv %) xhf/n] ?=#^ s/f]8 $) nfv
x'g cfpF5 . lnhdf kl/0ft u/L ! k|ltztn] x'g] ?=#^ nfv $) xhf/ c;'n ug'{kg]{df c;'n gePsf]n]
o; ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt lgsfo lhDd]jf/ agL Go"gtd lnh /sd c;'n ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
90. ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog – e/tk'/ c:ktfn ;~rfns ;ldltsf] @)&#.!.@@ sf] a}7sn] Ps d]l8sn
sn]h;Fu ePsf ;Demf}tf ;dembf/L ;DaGwdf /fo;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg k]; ug{ ;ldlt u7g u/]sf]
b]lvof] . ;ldltn] lbPsf] k|ltj]bgdf klxnf] ;Demf}tfcg';f/ sn]h ;~rfng z'? ePsf] % jif{leq
:jf:Yo dGqfnon] tf]s]sf] :yfgdf %)) zøofsf] c:ktfn lgdf{0f ug]{, ;~rfngsf] !) jif{kl5 6\o";g,
Nofj / cGo 8fOUgf]l:6s k]ml;lnl6af6 k|fKt cfDbfgLsf] !) k|ltzt /sd cnUu} vftfdf hDdf u/L
o;sf] ;~rfng lzIff dGqfnosf] lg0f{oadf]lhd sn]h tyf c:ktfnsf] ljsf;df nufpg] h:tf
ljifo sfof{Gjog gePsf] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .
To;}u/L e/tk'/ c:ktfnsf] Ifdtf %)) zøof k'¥ofpg'kg]{, :k];nfOH8 6\df ;]G6/ ;~rfng
ug'{kg]{, kf]i6d6{d ejg sn]hn] cfKg} vr{df lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{df zt{adf]lhd lgdf{0f gePsf] hgfPsf]
5 . ;Demf}tf k'g/fjnf]sg ubf{ ( laufx hUufsf] ef8f k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{kg]{, ;dodf bflvnf gu/]
hl/jfgfsf] Joj:yf x'g'kg]{ ljifo;d]t k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . !((# cui6 * sf] ;Demf}tf lzIff
dGqfno ;lrj:t/df ePsf]df tTkZrft\sf ljleGg ;Demf}tf :jf:Yo dGqfno / c:ktfn ljsf;
;ldltaf6 ePsf]df To;sf] cflwsfl/stf ;d]t :ki6 5}g . To;af6 k/]sf] c;/ ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt
kIf lhDd]jf/ x'g'kb{5 / ;Demf}tfsf zt{x? tf]lsPadf]lhd sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
91. u'0f:t/xLg cf}iflw – If]qLo d]l8sn :6f]/, x]6f}F8faf6 * xhf/ / s]Gb|Lo d]l8sn :6f]/, kyn}ofaf6 @!
xhf/ @%) u/L l/Ë/ NofS6]6 OGh]S;g @( xhf/ @%) af]6n @)&$.^.^, @)&$.&.!, @)&$.&.& /
@)&$.*.& df k|fKt ePsf]df jiff{Gtdf !^ xhf/ *(# af]6n -%)) Pd=Pn_ lhG;Ldf e08f/ /x]sf]
kfOof] . pQm cf}iflwsf] u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f ubf{ Ps ljb]zL cfk"lt{stf{af6 pTkflbt $# xhf/ @)) af]6n
OGh]S;g cf}iflw Joj:yf ljefusf] @)&%.#.@% sf] kqfg';f/ u'0f:t/xLg ePsf]n] l56f] ;fwgaf6 lkmtf{
ug{ cfk"lt{ Joj:yf dxfzfvfn] Ps kmdf{nfO{ @)&%.#.@* df kqfrf/;Dd u/]sf] kfOof] . pQm
kl/df0fdWo] !^ xhf/ *(# af]6n o; c:ktfndf /x]sf] c:ktfnn] hgfPsf] 5 . cfk"lt{ ePsf] Ps
jif{ cyf{t\ n]vfk/LIf0f cjlw @)&%.(.( ;Dd klg pQm cf}iflw lkmtf{ gePsf]n] o; ;DaGwdf cfk"lt{
Joj:yf dxfzfvf lhDd]jf/ eO{ ;Demf}tfsf zt{sf] kfngf ug'{ u/fpg'kg]{ / cf}iflwsf] cfk"lt{ ubf{
u'0f:t/df k"0f{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
cGo c:ktfn tyf :jf:Yo ;+:yf
92. k"j{ lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@! df lgdf{0f Joj;foL,
cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfossf] l9nfO{sf sf/0f vl/b ;Demf}tfdf tf]lsPsf] Dofbdf ;DkGg
x'g g;s]df k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ lng'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . /fKtL :jf:Yo lj1fg k|lti7fg, dWoklZrdf~rn
If]qLo c:ktfn, ;'v]{tnufot !) c:ktfn, lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no $ / zxLb wd{eQm /fli6\o
k|Tof/f]k0f s]Gb| tyf aL=kL= sf]O/fnf d]df]l/on SofG;/nufot !% c:ktfnn] ;Demf}tfdf tf]lsPsf]
Dofbleq sfo{ ;DkGg gu/]sf]df To:tf lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf tyf ;]jf k|bfosaf6
k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ s§f gu/]sf]n] ?=$^ nfv *) xhf/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
93. e'QmfgLdf s/ – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf ** / *( df e'QmfgLdf clu|d s/ s§f ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf
5 . e/tk'/ c:ktfn, lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no, slknj:t', ;'g;/Lnufot @( sfof{non] lgodfg';f/
e'QmfgLdf s§L ug'{kg]{ cfos/ / ef8f s/ ?=@! nfv $^ xhf/ s§L gu/]sf]n] c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
94. kfl/>lds s/ – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf *& df kfl/>lds e'QmfgL ubf{ tf]lsPsf] b/af6
kfl/>lds s/ s§f ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . eQmk'/ c:ktfn, x]6f}+8f c:ktfn, zxLb wd{eQm /fli6\o
k|Tof/f]k0f s]Gb|, ljleGg c:ktfn, hg:jf:Yonufotsf #& sfof{non] kfl/>lds s/ ?=$# nfv &
xhf/ s§f gu/L e'QmfgL u/]sf]n] c;'n ug'{kb{5 .

95. a9L e'QmfgL – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #^ df s'g} /sdsf] e'QmfgL lbFbf /Lt k'u]
gk'u]sf] hfFr ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . dGqfnocGtu{t hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, c:ktfn, If]qLo lgb]{zgfno
tyf tflnd s]Gb|;d]t #@ sfof{non] bf]xf]/f] e'QmfgL, lan e/kfO{eGbf a9L b]vfO{ ?=^) nfv @@ xhf/
vr{ u/]sf 5g\ . lgod ljk/Lt a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf] /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
96. tna eQf a9L e'QmfgL – :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g, @)%# / lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( adf]lhd lghfdtL
lstfavfgf / lhNnfl:yt sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 kfl/t tnaL k|ltj]bgcg';f/ tna
tyf u|]8 e'QmfgL ug'k{ b{5 . eQmk'/ c:ktfn, If]qLo :jf:Yo lgb]{zgfno, :jf:Yo lj1fg
k|lti7fgnufot @% sfof{non] z'? :s]neGbf a9L b/af6 tna kfl/t u/]sf], a9L u|]8 / bf]xf]/f]
e'QmfgL u/]sf], gkfpg] b'u{d eQf;d]t ?=@% nfv * xhf/ a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf 5g\ . a9L e'QmfgL
97. gD;{eGbf a9L e'QmfgL – ;a}k|sf/sf tflnd, uf]i7L, ;]ldgf/ tyf sfo{zfnf ;~rfng ubf{ cy{
dGqfnosf] sfo{ ;~rfng lgb]{lzsfsf] a'Fbf g+= &=!=!% df tf]lsPsf] b/af6 vr{ n]Vg'kb{5 . lhNnf
:jf:Yo sfof{no, d':tfª, 8f]6L, bdf}nL c:ktfn, If]qLo :jf:Yo tflnd s]Gb|, af/f;d]t ( sfof{non]
sfo{ ;~rfng lgb]{lzsfn] tf]s]sf] b/eGbf ?=!@ nfv !# xhf/ a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf 5g\ . gD;{eGbf
a9L e'QmfgL lbPsf] /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
98. ;+3Lo ;l~rtsf]if – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod ## adf]lhd lgsf;f k|fKt ePsf]
dWo] art /sd sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{no lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;nf{xL c:ktfnnfO{
PsLs[t :jf:Yo ;]jf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ k|fKt ePsf] /sddWo] ?=$( nfv $$ xhf/ vr{
gePsf]n] pQm /sd ;+3Lo ;l~rtsf]if bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
99. p7\g afFsL ef8f – ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] ef8f tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq c;'n ug'{kb{5 . n'lDagL c~rn
c:ktfn, sn}of c:ktfn, cfo'j]{lbs lrlsT;fno g/b]jL, dfgl;s c:ktfn;d]t !@ c:ktfnn]
cf}iflw k;n, hUuf, rd]gfu[x ;~rfng ug{ ;Demf}tf u/L ef8f nufPsf]df ;Demf}tfcg';f/ ?=! s/f]8
#* nfv ^& xhf/ ef8f c;'n gu/L aSof}tf /x]sf] 5 . ;Demf}tfsf zt{ tyf k|rlnt sfg'gcg';f/
Aofh;d]t u0fgf u/L c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
100. gub df}Hbft – cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf !# df cfˆgf] lhDdfdf cfPsf] gub ;f]xL lbg jf
ef]lnkN6 oyf:yfgdf bflvnf ug'{kb{5 . tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq bflvnf gu/] lhDd]jf/af6 hl/jfgf;lxt
lnO{ bflvnf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . as'nx/, sn}of, Og?jf / aL=kL=sf]O/fnf Zjf;k|Zjf; s]Gb|n] ;Íng
u/]sf] c:ktfnsf] cfDbfgL ?=%! nfv $@ xhf/ a}Í bflvnf gu/L gub df}Hbft /fv]sf 5g\ . df}Hbft
/sd bflvnf gug]{ lhDd]jf/ sd{rf/LnfO{ cfjZos sf/afxL u/L a}Í bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
101. ljutsf] e'QmfgL – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod $)-&_ df rfn' ah]6n] gvfDg] u/L
bfloTj l;h{gf ug{ gx'g] / ljz]if kl/l:yltj; rfn' jif{sf] ah]6n] gvfDg] u/L cfufdL jif{ e'QmfgL lbg'kg]{
eP sf/0f vf]nL e'QmfgL lbg afFsLsf] sRrfjf/L -d=n]=k=kmf=g+= !*_ sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6
k|dfl0ft u/fpg'kg]{ pNn]v 5 . eQmk'/ c:ktfn, zxLb wd{eQm /fli6\o k|Tof/f]k0f s]Gb|, /fli6\o hg:jf:Yo
k|of]uzfnfnufot !! ;+:yfn] e'QmfgL lbg afFsLsf] sRrfjf/L a]u/ ?=& s/f]8 #( nfv ($ xhf/ e'QmfgL
lbPsf 5g\ . sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z gePsf] ut jif{sf] bfloTj e'QmfgL lgoldt b]lvPg .
102. k|ltj]bg – :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefusf] sfo{ ;~rfng lgb]{lzsfsf] a'Fbf *-h_ cg';f/ zx/L :jf:Yo
lSnlgsnufotsf :jf:Yo OsfO{ ;~rfng ug{ To:tf ;+:yfsf] nflu Psd'i6 pknAw u/fPsf] cg'bfg
vr{sf] k|ult k|ltj]bg;lxt n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg k]; ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no,
lrtjg, /fd]5fk, s~rgk'/nufot ( sfof{non] dftxtsf :jf:Yo ;+:yfnfO{ ?=@ s/f]8 %# nfv @%
xhf/ cg'bfg /sd ;Lw} ;DalGwt ;+:yfsf] a}Í vftfdf hDdf u/]sf] b]lvof] . tL ;+:yfn]
lgb]{lzsfadf]lhd vr{sf] k|ult ljj/0f tyf n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg k]; u/]sf 5}gg\ . lgb]{lzsf cg';f/
k|ltj]bg lnO{ vr{ ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 .
cg'udg tyf a]?h"
• cg'udg – ut ljutsf k|ltj]bgdf ;dfj]z ePsf dWo] ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltaf6 @)^$.$.!& df n]vf
;|]:tf k]; u/L aSof}tf n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg], clu|d cfos/ s§f gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf c;'n u/L ;Dk/LIf0f
u/fpg] / cfOGbf clu|d ?kdf s/ s§f u/]/ dfq e'QmfgL lbg], Dofb gf3]sf k]:sL ;'b;lxt c;'n u/L
;Dk/LIf0f u/fpg] lgb]{zg lbP tfklg n]vf ;ldltaf6 ePsf] lg0f{o sfof{Gjog ePsf] kfOPg .
o:t} vl/b of]hgfcg';f/ vl/b gu/]sf], b/aGbLcg';f/ kbk"lt{ gePsf], t];|f] rf}dfl;s tyf
cfiff9 dlxgfdf a9L vr{ u/]sf], ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] dfkb08cg';f/ d]l8sn cl86
gu/fPsf], c:ktfn ljsf; ;ldlttk{msf] sfo{ ;~rfng sf]if / ljljw vftftk{msf] cfo Joo ;dfj]z u/L
s]Gb|Lo cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ gu/]sf], g]kfn ;/sf/af6 lgMz'Ns ljt/0f x'g] cf}iflwdf nf]uf] gnufPsf],
dGqfnoaf6 5gf}6 eO{ 5fqj[lQdf uPsf ljBfyL{n] ;Demf}tfadf]lhd sfo{ u/] gu/]sf]df cBfjlws nut
g/fv]sf], jL/ c:ktfnsf] clt ljlzi6 sIf k|of]udf gcfPsf] nufotsf Joxf]/f cf}FNofOPsf]df sltko
c:ktfn tyf :jf:Yo ;:yfn] ;'wf/ u/]sf 5}gg\ . ljutsf Joxf]/f k'g/fj[lQ gx'g] u/L sfo{ ;Dkfbg
ug'{kb{5 .
• a]?h" l:ylt – of] jif{ dGqfno / dftxtsf lgsfosf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] a]?h"sf] l:ylt b]xfocg';f/
5M
➢ ;/sf/L sfof{notkm{ !!# lgsfodf ?=! ca{ $( s/f]8 ^* nfv *# xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes
k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fPkl5 !$ lgsfon] ?=@$ nfv &! xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=! ca{ $( s/f]8 $$
nfv !@ xhf/ a]?h" afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=(@ s/f]8 $% nfv #% xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 .
o; ;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL !% df 5 .
➢ ;+ul7t ;+:yf, cGo ;+:yf / ;ldlt &@ tkm{ ?=! ca{ @! s/f]8 & nfv *! xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df
k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fPkl5 !* lgsfon] ?=! s/f]8 &$ nfv #% xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=!
ca{ !( s/f]8 ## nfv $^ xhf/ afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] ?=%# s/f]8 ^$ nfv ^) xhf/ k]:sL /x]sf]
5 . o; ;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL !^ df 5 .

/fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u
/fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u -u7g tyf ;~rfng_ cfb]z, @)&$ adf]lhd ljlzli6s[t lgsfosf] ?kdf
cfof]un] /fi6«sf] tLj| cfly{s k|ult / ;Gt'lnt tyf lbuf] ljsf;sf] nflu b'/ufdL ;f]r;lxtsf] ljsf;
of]hgfsf] th{'df ug{ / To;sf] sfof{Gjogdf ;xhLs/0f ug{ tyf ;f]sf] cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg u/L g]kfn
;/sf/nfO{ cg';Gwfg jf ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] ;"rgfsf cfwf/x?df ;Nnfx / ;xof]u k|bfg ug{ Pj+ ;+3, k|b]z /
:yfgLo txsf] ljsf; ;DjGwL gLlt of]hgf th{'df / sfof{Gjogdf ;dGjo ;xof]u / ;xhLs/0fsf nflu sfo{
ul//x]sf] 5 . of] jif{ cfof]u;d]t !!# lgsfoaf6 sfo{ ;Dkfbg ePsf] 5 .
cfof]u / dftxt lgsfosf] of] jif{ ljlgof]hg ?= (! s/f]8 #$ nfv ( xhf/, /fh:j ?=!( nfv &@
xhf/, w/f}6L ?=! s/f]8 !& nfv %^ xhf/;d]t ?=(@ s/f]8 &! nfv #& xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf]
5 . ;f] sf/f]af/sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf pNn]Vo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
1. of]hgf sfof{Gjog – cfof]usf] k|ltj]bgcg';f/ @)&$.&% df b]ze/L ;~rflnt s"n $^*
cfof]hgfdWo] klxnf], bf];|f] / t];|f] k|fyldstfdf qmdzM #$^, !)$ / !* cfof]hgf /x]sf 5g\ . k|yd
k|fyldstfdf k/L ah]6 ;'lglZrttf ePsf #$^ cfof]hgfdWo] @!* of]hgfdf *) k|ltzt, ^%
of]hgfdf %) b]lv &( k|ltzt;Dd / #@ of]hgfdf %) k|ltzteGbf sd k|ult ePsf] cj:yf 5 .
cfof]un] of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf b]lvPsf ;d:of / r'gf}tLnfO{ ;dodf g} ;dfwfg u/L sfof{Gjog ug{
Joj:yfkg kIfnfO{ s'zn tyf k|efjsf/L agfpg'kb{5 . ;fy} of]hgf th'{df ubf{s} ;dodf ;+3Lo
;+/rgfcg';f/ cfof]hgfx?sf] 5gf}6, cfGtl/sLs/0f / :yfgLos/0fdf hf]8 lbO{ tYok/s / glthfd'vL
of]hgf th'{df k|0ffnL ljsf; ug'{kb{5 .
2. /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgf – /fli6«o uf}/jsf @! cfof]hgf lgwf{l/t ;dodf ;DkGg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% ;Dd dflyNnf] tfdfsf]zL hnljB't cfof]hgf () k|ltzt eGbf a9L k|ult
ePsf] 5 . uf}tda'4 cGt/f{l{i6«o ljdfg:yn, d]nDrL vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf, l;S6f l;FrfO cfof]hgf, aaO{
l;FrfO cfof]hgf / /fi6«klt r'/] ;+/If0f sfo{qmdsf] dfq %) k|ltzteGbf a9L ;dli6ut k|ult /x]sf]
5 . of] jif{;Dd k'iknfn dWokxf8L nf]sdfu{sf] $% k|ltzt, a'9Lu08sL hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] (=(
k|ltzt, /]Nj] tyf d]6«f] ljsf; cfof]hgfsf] !#=& k|ltzt, x'nfsL nf]sdfu{sf] @% k|ltzt, pQ/–blIf0f
-sf]zL_ nf]sdfu{sf] #% k|ltzt, pQ/–blIf0f -sfnLu08sL sl/8f]/_ nf]sdfu{sf] !) k|ltzt / pQ/–
blIf0f -s0ff{nL_ nf]sdfu{sf] !@ k|ltzt ;dli6ut k|ult /x]sf] 5 . /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfdf
juL{s[t u/] tfklg klZrd ;]tL hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog k|ltj]bg g} tof/ gePsf] /
bf];|f] cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn af/fsf] lgdf{0fsf] df]8fln6L g} to gePsf] l:ylt 5 . cfof]hgf lgwf{/0f
ug]{ ;DaGwdf :ki6 dfkb08 / sfg'gL cfwf/sf] cefj /x]sf] 5 . lj:t[t kl/of]hgf k|ltj]bgsf] tof/L
lagf g} cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug]{ / vl/b u'?of]hgfcg';f/ ;|f]t / ;fwg ljlgof]hg gx'gfn] nfdf]
;do;Dd cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogs} r/0fdf /xg] b]lvG5 .
/fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfx?df lu§L, afn'jfnufot lgdf{0f ;fdu|L ;xh pknAwtf gePsf],
cfof]hgf If]qleq kg]{ hUuf / 3/6x/f clwu|x0fdf ;d:of / jg If]qleqaf6 gx/sf] /]vfÍg ubf{ ;f]df
kg]{ ?v / cgflws[t a:tL x6fpg] ;d:of /x]sf], sfdbf/sf] cefj h:tf sl7gfO ;d:ofsf ?kdf
/fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] cg'udg tyf d""NofÍg dxfzfvfsf] k|ltj]bgdf b]vfOPsf] 5 . /fli6«o ljsf;
;d:of ;dfwfg ;ldltn] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ;'emfp / lgb]{zg lbP tfklg ;f]sf] k|efjsf/L
;dGjo;lxt sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf] b]lvPg . d'ne"t ?kdf cfof]hgfsf] k"j{tof/L kl/kSj gx'g',
;fj{hlgs lgsfox?aLr ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df tfbfTDotf gx'g' tyf cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg k|efjsf/L
gx'g', 7]Ssf Joj:yfkg bIftfk"0f{ x'g g;Sg'h:tf sf/0fn] cfof]hgfx? sfof{Gjog x'g g;s]sf] l:ylt
5 . o;n] ubf{ cfof]hgfx?sf] nfut j[l4 x'g'sf] ;fy} cfof]hgfaf6 k|fKt x'g] cfly{s ;fdflhs nfedf
;d]t l9nfO x'g] cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . cg'udg, d"NofÍg Pj+ ;dGjofTds e"ldsfåf/f /fli6«o uf}/jsf
of]hgf ;dodf g} ;DkGg ug]{ jftfj/0f tof/ ug{'kb{5 .
3. cfof]hgf a}Í – /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u -u7g tyf sfo{ ;~rfng_ cfb]z, @)&$ sf] bkmf ^-$_ df
nfe nfutnufotsf ljljw ljZn]if0fsf] cfwf/df of]hgf a}Í lgdf{0f ug]{ / u/fpg] tyf bkmf ^-%_ df
/fli6«o ;|f]tsf] cg'dfg, k|If]k0f / ljt/0f, cfof]hgfsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ljQLo, k|fljlws /
jftfj/0fLo ljZn]if0fsf] nflu /fli6«o dfkb08 tof/ ug{ nufpg] egL cfof]usf] sfd / st{Jo lglb{i6
u/]adf]lhd sfd ug{' u/fpg'kb{5 . cfof]hgf a}Í :yfkgf ubf{ cfjZos ;|f]tsf] klxrfg, u'0f:t/,
kl/df0f, ;do / nfutdf ljz]if Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
s]G›Lo tYofÍ ljefu
4. sfo{;Dkfbg cj:yf – tYofÍ P]g, @)!% adf]lhd ljefun] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] nflu gLlt tyf of]hgf
th{'df ug{ cflwsfl/s tYofÍ ;Íng u/L pknAw u/fpg'kb{5 . ljefun] k|zf]wg u/]sf] tYofÍ
;fj{hlgs j:t' Pj+ ;]jf ePsf]n] ;'zf;g tyf ;"rgfsf] xs k|j4{gsf] nflu ;/sf/L Pj+ ;fj{hlgs
lgsfon] ;d]t ;f] tYofÍsf] k|of]u ug{'kb{5 . /fli6«o
of]hgf cfof]uaf6 th{'df x'g] cfjlws of]hgfx?sf] of] jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 d'VotM
clwstd ;|f]t cfwf/ ljefuaf6 pTkflbt tYofÍx? g} cfof]hgfx? cf+lzs ?kdf sfof{Gjog
/x]sf 5g\ . ljefun] tYofÍ ;Íng Pj+ k|zf]wg ug]{ sfo{ ePsf], /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfsf]
ubf{ tL tYofÍsf] oyfy{tf / u'0ffTds kIfdf ;DalGwt ck]Iffs[t k|ult gePsf], cfof]hgf a}Í
;/f]sf/jfnf;Fu ;dGjo Pj+ cGt/lqmof u/L tYofÍsf] :yfkgf gePsf], lbuf] ljsf; nIo
u'0ffTds kIfdf Wofg k'¥ofpg'kb{5 . ;DaGwdf ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txaf6
;dGjofTds ?kdf sfof{Gjog Pj+
5. cfly{s u0fgf – k|yd cfly{s u0fgfsf] nflu ?=#^ s/f]8
cg'udg / ;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f ;+oGq :yfkgf
^( nfv $& xhf/ ah]6 ljlgof]hg ePsf]df ?=#$
gePsf] nufotsf Joxf]/f b]lvPsf]n]
s/f]8 !( nfv (% xhf/ vr{ ePsf] b]lvof] tYofÍ
;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
;Íngsf] sfo{ @)&% cfiff9 d;fGtdf ;dfKt eP
tfklg k|f/lDes glthfnfO{ k|zf]wg u/]/ clGtd glthf
tof/ eO;s]sf] b]lvPg . k|f/lDes glthfcg';f/ & k|b]zdf ( nfv @@ xhf/ $$% Joj;fo u/]sf]
cfly{s u0fgfdf pNn]v ePsf] b]lvG5 . k|f/lDes ;"rgfdfly oyfy{ ljZn]if0f x'g afFsL 5 . cfGtl/s
/fh:j ljefu / dftxtsf] clen]vaf6 @)&% cfiff9df !) nfv #^ xhf/ @$^ s/bftf s/sf]
bfo/fdf /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] cy{tGqdf cgf}krfl/s If]qsf] cfsf/ pNn]Vo /x]sf]n] o:tf]
cfly{s u0fgfn] cgf}krfl/s If]qnfO{ Go"g ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] x'Fbf ljefun] ;Íng u/]sf] tYofÍsf]
;"rgf / ;f]sf] k|zf]wgsf nflu ljz]if Wofg k'¥ofpg'kb{5 .
sfo{d"ns tyf ljz]if n]vfk/LIf0f
lbuf] ljsf; nIo
;+;f/e/sf !(# b]zsf /fi6« tyf ;/sf/ k|d'vaf6 ;g\ @)!% sf] @% ;]K6]Da/df ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf]
dxf;efaf6 lbuf] ljsf; Ph]G8f @)#) kfl/t u/L ;g\ @)#) ;Dd lbuf] ljsf; nIosf !& d'Vo nIo xfl;n
ug]{ u/L cg'df]bg ePsf] 5 . lbuf] ljsf;sf tLg cfofd cfly{s, ;fdflhs / jftfj/0fLo kIfnfO{ PsLs[t
?kdf ;d]6]sf tL nIox? xfl;n ug{ !^( uGtJo / @#) ljZjJofkL ;"rs /x]sf 5g\ .
lbuf] ljsf; nIo sfof{Gjog ug{ k|To]s /fi6«n] cf–cfˆgf] lbuf] ljsf; nIo sfof{Gjogsf] tof/L
of]hgf agfpg'kb{5 . g]kfnn] nIo !$ afx]s !^ d'Vo nIosf] !%( uGtJo / ljZjJofkL ;"rsdf @$% ;"rs
yk u/]sf] 5 . tof/L of]hgfcGtu{t k|d'v ?kdf cfjZos ;+:yfut, sfg'gL tyf gLltut Joj:yf ug]{,
ljZjJofkL lbuf] ljsf; nIo tyf uGtJonfO{ /fli6«o kl/j]zdf ?kfGt/0f ug]{, k|fKt k|ultnfO{ t'ngf ug{
pko'Qm cfwf/;lxt dWosfnLg uGtJo tf]Sg], uGtJodf k'Ugsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ gLlt / cfjZos ljQLo
tyf cGo ;|f]tsf] Joj:yf ug]{ tyf sfof{Gjogdf ;j} ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L, lghL If]q / gful/s ;dfhsf] a[xt\
;fem]bf/L lgdf{0f ug]{ tyf pko'Qm cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ;+oGq ljsf; ug]{ sfo{ kb{5g\ . o; ;DjGwdf
g]kfnn] u/]sf k|of;x? / ;'wf/ ug{'kg]{ k|d'v Joxf]/f b]xfoadf]lhd 5gM
6. ;+/rgfut Joj:yf – ;+3Lo ;/sf/df lbuf] ljsf; nIo sfof{Gjog ;DaGwdf gLltut lbzf lgb]{z
tyf ;|f]t Joj:yfkg / pknlAwsf] cfjlws ;dLIff u/L lgb]{zg lbg k|wfgdGqLsf] ;+of]hsTjdf
pRr:t/Lo lgb]{zs ;ldlt /x]sf] 5 . ;fy} lbuf] ljsf; nIo;DaGwL of]hgf tyf ah]6, ;|f]t kl/rfng
tyf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg ug{sf nflu cfof]usf pkfWoIfsf] ;+of]hsTjdf sfof{Gjog tyf
;dGjo ;ldlt / cfof]usf ;b:ox?sf] cWoIftfdf ( ljifout ;ldlt u7g ePsf 5g\ . t/ ljifout
dGqfnox?df o;;DaGwL pko'Qm ;+:yfut ;+oGqsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5}g . ;fy} ;f] cg'?ksf] ;+oGq
k|b]z / :yfgLo txdf ;d]t u7g ePsf] 5}g . ;+:yfut ;+oGqsf] cefjdf lbuf] ljsf; nIo xfl;n
ug{sf nflu gLltut Ps?ktf / nIo s]lG›t of]hgf / ah]6sf] th{'dfdf / ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog tyf
cg'udgdf ;fd~h:otf gcfpg] x'G5 . ;+3Lo zf;g Joj:yfdf lbuf] ljsf; nIo xfl;n ug]{ d'Vo
;+oGqsf ?kdf & k|b]z / &%# :yfgLo tx /x]sf] x'Fbf lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf
nflu k|b]z / :yfgLo txdf klg k|b]z k|d'v / ufpF÷gu/ k|d'vsf] ;+of]hsTjdf lgb]{zs ;ldlt
nufotsf ;+oGq lgdf{0f ug{'kb{5 . ;fy} ljifout dGqfnodf ;d]t pko'Qm ;+oGq Joj:yfkg u/L
lhDd]jf/L tf]lsg'kb{5 .
7. sfg'gL tyf gLltut Joj:yf – g]kfnsf] rfn' cfjlws ljsf; of]hgf / jflif{s gLlt tyf sfo{qmd /
ah]6df lbuf] ljsf; nIonfO{ cfwf/sf] ?kdf lnOPsf] 5 . tof/L r/0fdf /x]sf] @% jif]{ ;f]r tyf
cfufdL k~rjifL{o of]hgf th{'df ubf{ ;d]t lbuf] ljsf; nIonfO{ cfwf/ lnOPsf] 5 . sfg'gL /
gLltut ?kdf pNn]v ePsf ljifox?nfO{ ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf ljifout dGqfno, k|b]z ;/sf/ / :yfgLo
txn] tof/ ug]{ gLlt, sfo{qmd / ah]6df ;d]t lbuf] ljsf; nIonfO{ cfjZos dxTjsf;fy
k|ltljlDat ug]{ / ljifo If]qut dGqfnosf dWosflng / bL3{sfnLg nIo lgwf{/0f ug]{ Joj:yf
8. nIox?sf] cfGtl/sLs/0f – lbuf] ljsf; nIox? xfl;n ug{ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf ;/sf/sf]
gLlt, sfg'g, of]hgf, ah]6 tyf sfo{qmddf ;fd~h:otf x'g'kb{5 . /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] gd'gfsf
?kdf k|b]z :t/Lo / :yfgLo txsf] nflu of]hgf th{'df lbUbz{g, @)&% hf/L u/]sf] 5 . ;+3n] lbuf]
ljsf; nIocg'?k of]hgfnfO{ k|fyldsLs/0f u/L ah]6 / sfo{qmd th{'df ug]{ k4ltsf] yfngL u/]
tfklg ;f]xLcg'?k k|b]z / :yfgLo txaf6 gLlt, of]hgf / sfo{qmddf ;fd~h:otf x'g] u/L
nIox?sf] :yfgLos/0f x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . lbuf] ljsf; nIox?nfO{ cfGtl/sLs/0f ug]{ ;Gbe{df k|b]zn]
;d]t cfwf/ /]vf ;"rsfÍ tof/ u/L kl/df0ffTds nIox? lgwf{/0f ug{'kb{5 . ;+3af6 x:tfGt/0f ul/g]
;zt{ cg'bfgnufotsf /sdnfO{ lbuf] ljsf; nIox?;Fu cfa4 u/L sfo{qmd th{'df / sfof{Gjog ug]{
k2lt cjnDag ug{'kb{5 . k|b]z / :yfgLo txx?af6 lbuf] ljsf; nIonfO{ cfGtl/sLs/0f ug{
cfjlws, jflif{s ljsf; of]hgf th{'df u/L lbuf] ljsf; nIodf k'¥ofpg] of]ubfg;d]tsf] cfwf/df
of]hgfsf] k|fyldsLs/0f, 5gf}6 tyf juL{s/0f Pj+ cfjZos ;|f]t / vr{sf] k|If]k0f ug]{ Joj:yf
9. cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg – cfof]uåf/f lbuf] ljsf;sf] nIocGtu{tsf kl/df0ffTds !%( uGtJox?sf]
cg'udg ug{ to ul/Psf $&( ;"rsdWo] sl/a @%) eGbf sd ;"rssf] nflu cfjZos tYofÍdfq
xfn /fli6«o:t/df pknAw x'g ;Sg] Joxf]/f lbuf] ljsf; nIo, cfjZostf klxrfg, nfut / ljQ
cfk"lt{ /0fgLlt ljifos k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5 . k|ult cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ug{ ljZj;gLo cfwf/
tYofÍnfO{ k|of]u u/]df dfq dfkg sfo{ ljZj;gLo x'g ;Sg] b]lvG5 . sltko dWosfnLg uGtJo tyf
;"rssf nflu nIo / ;f]sf] cfwf/ cÍ pNn]v u/]sf] b]lvPg . ljz]ifu/L k|b]z tyf :yfgLo tx /
lghL tyf ;xsf/L If]qn] ug]{ sfo{x?sf] ;DjGwdf o; lsl;dsf] cj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . clwsf+z
ljZjJofkL ;"rsx? / g]kfnn] yk u/]sf ;"rsx?sf] klg tYofÍ gePsf] b]lvPsfn] u'0f:t/Lo ;"rgf
tyf tYofÍ cfpg] u/L ;j} ;"rsx?sf] dfkg ug{ cfjZos kg]{ tYofÍ pknAw x'g] jftfj/0f tof/
ug]{ sfg'gL, ;+/rgfut Joj:yf / k|0ffnL ljsf; ug{ tTsfn kxn ug{'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
lbuf] ljsf; nIo sfof{Gjogdf k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'g] ePsf]n] ltgsf]
Ifdtf clej[l¢dfkm{t Jofks?kdf hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug{'kg]{ b]lvG5 . ut ljut jif{b]lv jflif{s ljsf;

sfo{qmdx?nfO{ lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] ;+s]t -sf]8_ /fVg z'? u/]sf] eP tfklg pQm ;+s]tcg';f/
ljlgof]lht jflif{s ah]6 k|:t't ug]{ Joj:yf ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . t;y{ ;a} txsf] jflif{s jh]6 lbuf]
ljsf; ;+s]tsf] cfwf/df k|:t't ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg' kb{5 .
10. ljQLo ;|f]t kl/rfng – ;/sf/n] lbuf] ljsf; nIoM cfjZostf klxrfg, nfut / ljQ cfk"lt{
/0fgLlt ljifos k|ltj]bg tof/ u/]sf] 5 . pQm k|ltj]bgn] lbuf] ljsf; nIo sfof{Gjog ug{ jflif{s
?=@) va{ @% ca{ nufgL ug{'kg]{ cg'dfg u/]sf] 5 . ;f] nufgLdWo] ;fj{hlgs If]qtkm{ ?=@ vj{ !*
ca{ / lghL If]qtkm{ ?=# va{ ^& ca{;d]t jflif{s ?=% va{ *% cj{ ljQLo ;|f]t ck'u /xg]
Joxf]/f;d]t pNn]v 5 . ljQLo ;|f]t kl/rfng ug]{ / Jofks nfut ;xeflutf h'6fpg], j}b]lzs
;xof]u h'6fO{ nufgLsf] k|fyldsLs/0f ug]{ ;DaGwdf Wofg lbg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
11. ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;+nUgtf – lbuf] ljsf; nIo sfof{Gjog ug{ cfjZos kg]{ ;|f]t ;fwg kl/rfng ug{
;j} txsf ;/sf/, gful/s ;dfh, lghL tyf ;xsf/L If]qaLr Jofks ;fem]bf/L tyf ;xsfo{sf]
cfjZostf kb{5 . ctM lbuf] ljsf; nIo sfof{Gjog k|lqmofdf sf]xL g5'6'g\ eGg] dd{cg';f/
;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] klxrfg ug]{, ;xeflutfsf] tl/sf / e"ldsf to ug]{ u/L ;xeflutfsf ;DaGwdf
:ki6 /0fgLlt agfO{ ;f]sf] cfwf/df ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ s]an ;"lrt ug]{ dfq geO{ ltgnfO{ ;+nUg /
;xsfo{ ug]{ Joj:yf ug{'kb{5 . ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfaLr ;dGjo ug]{, ;"rgf tyf k|ltj]bg cfbfg k|bfg
ug]{ / tYofÍnfO{ cBfjlws ug]{ sfo{ dxTjk"0f{ ePsf]n] o;tkm{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
12. PsLs[t ;"rgf tyf clen]v – lbuf] ljsf; nIox?sf nflu to ul/Psf ;"rsx?sf] dfkg ug{sf
nflu tYofÍ pknAw u/fpg] d'Vo ;|f]tsf] ?kdf s]G›Lo tYofÍ ljefu /x]sf] 5 . ;fy} lbuf] ljsf;
nIosf ;"rsx?sf] dfkgsf nflu ;f] ljefusf cltl/Qm ljleGg dGqfnox?af6 pknAw x'g] tYofÍ /
Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLaf6 k|fKt x'g] ;"rgfsf] k|of]u ul/g] cfof]un] hf/L u/]sf] dfu{lrq k|ltj]bgdf
pNn]v 5 . ljleGg lgsfox?af6 k|fKt x'g] tYofÍ / ;"rgfnfO{ PsLs[t u/L ljZn]if0f ug]{ / ;g\
@)!(, @)@@, @)@% / @)#) df lbuf] ljsf; nIox?sf] k|ult cg'udg / d"NofÍg ug{ Psls[t
?kdf cfjZos ljZj;gLo v08Ls[t tYofÍ / ;"rgf ;dodf pknAw x'g] e/kbf]{ Joj:yf ldnfOPsf]
5}g . lbuf] ljsf; nIosf ;"rsx? Ps cfk;df cGt/;DalGwt ePsfn] s'g nIonfO{ s'g sfo{qmd
jf ljifout dGqfnon] ;~rfng u/]sf] lqmofsnfkaf6 s] slt of]ubfg k'U5 ;f] d"NofÍg ug]{ cfwf/
Pj+ dfkb08;d]t tof/ ul/Psf] 5}g . h;n] ubf{ dWofjlws nIosf] d"NofÍg ug{ sl7gfO x'g] b]lvG5 .
t;y{ lbuf] ljsf; nIosf ;"rsx?sf] dfkg ug{ cfjZos kg]{ v08Ls[t ljZj;gLo tYofÍ / ;"rgf
;dodf pknAw x'g] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
cg'udg tyf a]?h"
• cg'udg – ut ljutsf k|ltj]bgdf sfo{qmd ;+zf]wg, k|fljlws ;xfotf n]vfk/LIf0f gePsf], gofF g]kfn
lgdf{0f sf]ifsf] cfjZostf / cf}lrTodf k'g/fjnf]sg x'g'kg]{, ;'emfj sfof{Gjog u/] gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf
cg'udg gePsf] nufotsf Joxf]/f cf}FNofOP`sf]df ;'wf/ u/]sf] b]lvFb}g . ljutsf Joxf]/f k'g/fj[lQ gx'g]
u/L sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug'{kb{5 .
• a]?h" l:ylt – cfof]u / dftxt;d]t !# lgsfodf of] jif{ ?=@) nfv $# xhf/ a]?h" b]lvPsf]df
k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fPkl5 ?=@ nfv ^& xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf]n] ?=!& nfv &^ xhf/ afFsL /x]sf]
5 . ;f]dWo] ?=! nfv ^* xhf/ k]:sL afFsL /x]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwL ljj/0f cg';"rL !% df 5 .

v08 – @
k|b]z dGqfno tyf lgsfo
1. ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf –g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %^ adf]lhd ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnsf] d"n
;+/rgf ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx u/L tLg txsf] x'g] / g]kfnsf] /fHozlQmsf] k|of]u ;+3, k|b]z /
:yfgLo txn] ;+ljwfg tyf sfg'gadf]lhd ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;+ljwfgsf] cg';"rL $ df pNn]v
ePadf]lhd g]kfndf & k|b]z /xg] / ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %& df pNn]v ePadf]lhd /fHozlQmsf]
afF8kmfF8sf] Joj:yfcGtu{t k|b]z clwsf/sf] k|of]u cg';"rL ^ df plNnlvt Psn ;"rLsf ljifodf
;+ljwfg / k|b]z sfg'gadf]lhd cg';"rL & df plNnlvt ;+3 / k|b]zsf] ;femf ;"rLsf ljifodf
;+ljwfg, ;+3Lo sfg'g / k|b]z sfg'gadf]lhd, cg';"rL ( df plNnlvt ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf]
;femf ;"rLsf ljifodf ;+ljwfg, ;+3Lo sfg'g, k|b]z sfg'g / ufpF;ef jf gu/;efn] agfPsf]
sfg'gadf]lhd x'g] pNn]v 5 . k|b]zsf] clwsf/sf] Psn ;"rLdf lgDg ljifo /x]sf 5g\M
qm=;+= ljifox? qm=;+= ljifox?
1. k|b]z k|x/L k|zf;g / zflGt ;'/Iff 2. g]kfn /fi6\ a}Ísf] gLlt cg'?k ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf]
;~rfng, ;xsf/L ;+:yf, s]Gb|sf] j}b]lzs cg'bfg /
;xof]u
3. /]l8of], Pkm=Pd=, 6]lnlehg ;~rfng 4. 3/ hUuf /lhi6\];g z'Ns, ;jf/L;fwg s/, dgf]/~hg
s/, lj1fkg s/, ko{6g, s[lif cfodf s/, ;]jf z'Ns
b:t'/, b08 hl/afgf
5. k|b]z lghfdtL ;]jf / cGo ;/sf/L 6. k|b]z tYof+s
;]jf
7. k|b]z:t/sf] ljB't, l;FrfO / vfg]kfgL 8. k|b]z ljZjljBfno, pRr lzIff, k':tsfno, ;+u|xfno
;]jf, kl/jxg
9. :jf:Yo ;]jf 10. k|b]z ;ef, k|b]z dlGqkl/ifb\ ;DaGwL
11. k|b]zleqsf] Jofkf/ 12. k|b]z nf]sdfu{
13. k|b]z cg';Gwfg Jo'/f] 14. k|b]z ;/sf/L sfof{nox?sf] ef}lts Joj:yfkg / cGo
cfjZos ljifo
15. k|b]z nf]s ;]jf cfof]u 16. e"ld Joj:yfkg, hUufsf] clen]v
17. vfgL cGj]if0f / Joj:yfkg 18. efiff, lnlk, ;+:s[lt, nlntsnf / wd{sf] ;+/If0f /
k|of]u
19. k|b]zleqsf] /fli6\o jg, hn pkof]u 20. s[lif tyf kz' ljsf;, snsf/vfgf, cf}Bf]lusLs/0f,
tyf jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg Jofkf/ Joj;fo, oftfoft
21. u'7L Joj:yfkg
o;sf cltl/Qm cg';"rL & / ( df ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] ;femf clwsf/;DaGwL Joj:yf
/x]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %( df k|b]zn] cfkm\gf] clwsf/leqsf] cfly{s clwsf/;DaGwL ljifodf
sfg'g agfpg], jflif{s ah]6 agfpg], lg0f{o ug]{, gLlt tyf of]hgf tof/ ug]{ / To;sf] sfof{Gjog
ug]{, k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] k|of]u jf ljsf;af6 k|fKt nfesf] ;dGoflos ljt/0fsf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ ;d]t
pNn]v 5 . o;}u/L wf/f ^) df /fh:j ;Íng / afF8kmfF8;DaGwL Joj:yf 5 .
2. k|b]zsf] u7g – ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !&% df k|b]z Joj:yflksfsf] ?kdf k|b]z ;ef /xg] Joj:yf 5 .
k|b]z ;efsf] u7g klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g] / ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnLaf6 lgjf{lrt x'g]
;b:ox?af6 x'g] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . k|b]z ;efsf ;b:ox?af6 k|b]z sfo{kflnsf u7g x'g] / k|b]zsf]
sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ ;+ljwfg / k|b]z sfg'gadf]lhd k|b]z dlGqkl/ifb\df lglxt x'g] Joj:yf 5 .
k|b]zsf] /fhg}lts tyf k|zf;sLo ljefhg lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5M

qm=;+= ljj/0f OsfO{ g]kfn k|b]z ! k|b]z @ k|b]z # u08sL k|b]z % s0f{fnL ;'b"/klZrd
1. s"n If]qkmn ju{ ls=ld= 1,47,181 25,905 9,661 20,300 21,504 22,288 27,984 19,539
2. lhNnf ;+Vof 77 14 8 13 11 12 10 9
3. ;+3Lo lgjf{rg If]q ;+Vof 165 28 32 33 18 26 12 16
4. k|fb]lzs lgjf{rg If]q ;+Vof 330 56 64 66 36 52 24 32
5. ufpFkflnsf ;+Vof 460 88 59 74 58 73 54 54
6. gu/kflnsf ;+Vof 276 46 73 41 26 32 25 33
7. pk dxfgu/kflnsf ;+Vof 11 2 3 1 0 4 0 1
8. dxfgu/kflnsf ;+Vof 6 1 1 3 1 0 0 0
9. hg;+Vof -@)^*_ xhf/df 2,64,94 45,34 54,04 55,29 24,14 48,91 11,69 25,53
3. k|b]zsf] sfo{ ;~rfng – ;+ljwfgsf] efu !# df k|b]zsf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ dlGqkl/ifb\df lglxt
x'g], ;+ljwfg / cGo sfg'gsf] cwLgdf /xL k|b]zsf] zf;g Joj:yfsf] ;fdfGo lgb]{zg, lgoGq0f /
;~rfng ug]{ cleef/f k|b]z dlGqkl/ifb\df /xg] Joj:yf 5 . efu !$ df k|b]zsf] Joj:yflksf Ps
;bgfTds x'g], k|b]z ;efsf] u7g;DaGwL Joj:yf 5 . o;}u/L efu !% df k|b]z Joj:yfkg
sfo{ljlwcGtu{t k|b]z ;efsf] Joj:yfksLo clwsf/, k|b]z ;efdf ljw]os k|:t't ug]{, kfl/t ug]{,
lkmtf{ lng], k|df0fLs/0f ug]{, cWofb]z Pj+ ljw]osdf k|df0fLs/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .
4. k|b]z cfly{s sfo{ k|0ffnL – ;+ljwfgsf] efu !^ df k|b]z cfly{s sfo{ k|0ffnLcGtu{t sfg'gadf]lhd
afx]s s/ nufpg jf C0f lng gkfOg], k|b]z ;l~rt sf]if, pQm sf]ifaf6 Joo / pQm sf]ifdfly
Jooef/ x'g] /sd, /fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg, k|b]z ljlgof]hg P]g, k"/s cg'dfg, k]:sL vr{, pwf/f]
vr{ Pj+ k|b]z cfsl:ds sf]if ;DaGwL Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L k|b]z P]g adf]lhd ljlgof]lht /sd
Ps lzif{saf6 csf]{ lzif{sdf /sdfGt/ ug]{ / cfly{s sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf k|b]z P]g
adf]lhd x'g] pNn]v 5 .
5. n]vfk/LIf0f – g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @$! / n]vfk/LIf0f P]g @)&% cg';f/ ;a} k|b]z ;/sf/L
sfof{nosf] n]vf sfg'gadf]lhd lgoldttf, ldtJolotf, sfo{bIftf, k|efjsfl/tf / cf}lrTo;d]tsf] ljrf/
u/L dxfn]vfk/LIfsaf6 n]vfk/LIf0f x'g] Joj:yf jdf]lhd of] jif{ & k|b]z ;/sf/ dftxtsf ^*
sfof{nosf] ?=@ ca{ ^@ s/f]8 %% nfv * xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
6. k|ltj]bg;DaGwL Joj:yf – g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @($ df dxfn]vfk/LIfsn] cfk"mn] u/]sf] sfd
sf/afxLsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg /fi6«klt;dIf k]; ug]{, k|To]s k|b]zsf] sfd sf/afxLsf] ;DaGwdf cnu cnu
k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L k|b]z k|d'v;dIf k]; ug{;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . n]vfk/LIf0f P]g, @)&% sf] bkmf !(
adf]lhd ;DalGwt k|b]z k|d'v;dIf k]; ePsf] k|ltj]bg d'VodGqLdfk{mt k|b]z ;efdf k]z x'g] Joj:yf 5 .
pQm ;+j}wflgs tyf sfg'gL Joj:yfcg';f/ ;a} k|b]z ;/sf/ / dftxt sfof{nosf] @)&$.&%
sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug{sf nflu n]vfk/LIf0f of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd :jLs[t u/L n]vf pQ/bfoL clws[tnfO{
sfo{tflnsfsf] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof] . :ynut ?kdf n]vfk/LIf0f 6f]nL v6fO{ k|b]z txsf]
n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 . :ynut ?kdf hf/L n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg pk/ k|fKt k|ltlqmof
;d]tsf] cfwf/df jflif{s k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
7. n]vfk/LIf0f cGt/lqmof – n]vfk/LIf0fnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo, ljZj;gLo / k|efjsf/L agfpg dxfn]vfk/LIfs
;d]tsf] ;xeflutfdf ;ft} k|b]zdf k|b]z k|d'v, k|b]z ;/sf/, k|b]z ;ef / ;ldltnufotsf
kbflwsf/Lx?;Fu 5nkmn / cGt/lqmof ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] .
n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf k|d'v Joxf]/f
8. sfg'g lgdf{0f – ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %& df /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8cGtu{t k|b]zsf] clwsf/sf] k|of]u
;+ljwfg / k|b]z sfg'gadf]lhd x'g] Joj:yfcg';f/ k|b]zsf] clwsf/sf] k|of]usf] nflu k|b]z ;efaf6
kfl/t P]g / kfl/t x'g afFsL ;DalGwt k|b]z k|d'v;dIf k]; ePsf] ljj/0f lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] b]lvG5M

k|b]z lgdf{0f ePsf] P]g ;+Vof kfl/t ePsf] P]g ;+Vof k|lqmofdf /x]sf P]g ;+Vof
1 29 23 6
2 16 16 0
3 25 23 2
u08sL 26 19 7
% 41 18 23
s0ff{nL 17 17 0
;'b"/klZrd 18 17 1
hDdf 172 133 39
plNnlvt tflnsf cg';f/ k|b]zn] !^ b]lv $! ;Dd !&@ P]g sfg'g lgdf{0f u/]sf]df !## P]g
sfg'g k|b]z ;efaf6 kfl/t u/L nfu" ePsf] b]lvG5 .
9. sfg'gdf ;fdGh:otf – ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %&-^_ df k|b]z ;efn] sfg'g agfpFbf ;+3Lo sfg'g;Fu
gaflemg] u/L agfpg'kg]{ / ;+3Lo sfg'g;Fu aflemPdf aflemPsf] xb;Dd cdfGo x'g] pNn]v ePsf]n]
k|b]zaf6 lgdf{0f x'g] sfg'g ;+3Lo sfg'g;Fu ;fd~h:o gx'g] u/L lgdf{0f u/]sf k|b]z g+= # / u08sL
k|b]zsf] cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)&$ / cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% / lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] Joj:yf
df tfbfTDotf ldn]sf] gb]lvPsf s]xL pbfx/0f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% / lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] Joj:yf k|b]z cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf / Joj:yf
bkmf dxfn]vf lgoGqsn] n]vf 9fFrf tof/ u/L dxfn]vf @!=$ k|b]z n]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] n]vf 9fFrf
!)=# k/LIfsaf6 :jLs[t u/fpg'kg]{ . tof/ u/L dxfn]vf k/LIfsaf6 :jLs[t
u/fpg'kg]{ .
lgod cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0faf6 lg:s]sf] km5of}{6 x'g #@=^ cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f ;'emfjx?sf] ;DaGwdf
(^=* afFsL a]?h" clGtd n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ lbOg]5 . sf/0f ;lxt x6fPsf]df afx]s cGo
clGtd n]vfk/LIf0f ePkl5 cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f ;'emfjx?nfO{ clGtd n]vfk/LIfsn] cfkm\gf]
a]?h" sfod /xg] 5}g . ;'emfjdf k|:t't ug'{kg]{5 .
;+3Lo sfg'gdf To:tf] Joj:yf 5}g . n]vfk/LIf0f ##=@ dxfn]vfk/LIfsn] clGtd n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{
gLlt dfgb08df cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgsf] cfGtl/s n]vf k/LIfssf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ ;d]t
d"NofÍg ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . cfwf/ lng'kg]{5 .
lgod n]vfk/LIf0faf6 cf}FNofOPsf] a]?h" #% lbgleq #%=! n]vfk/LIf0f a]?h" #% lbgleq ;DalGwt
((=! sfof{non] km5of}{6 u/L dxfn]vf/LIfssf] sfof{non] tf]lsP adf]lhd km5\of}{6 tyf
sfof{noaf6 ;Dk/LIf0f u/fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;Dk/LIf0f u/L dxfn]vf k/LIfssf]
sfof{nonfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'kg]{5 .
;+3Lo sfg'gdf dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{noaf6 #*=@ a]?h" n]vf pQ/bfoL clws[taf6 ;Dk/LIf0f
;Dk/LIf0f ug]{ Joj:yf ePsf] . x'g]5 .
lgod c;'n pk/ ug'{kg]{ a]?h" /sd ! jif{leq c;'n %#=@ c;'n pk/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] /sd kf+r
!)#=! gePdf n]vf pQ/bfoL clws[t ;dIf k]; ug'{kg]{ jif{;Dd k|of; ubf{ klg c;'n gePdf
/ n]vf pQ/bfoL clws[tn] s]Gb|Lo txl;n ;/sf/L afFsLsf] ?kdf nut s:g k|b]z n]vf
sfof{nodf nut /fVg k7fpg] Joj:yf 5 . lgoGqs sfof{nodf n]vL k7fpg'kg]{ 5 .
dxfn]vfk/LIfsn] k|To]s k|b]zsf] sfd sf/afxLsf] ;DaGwdf cnu cnu k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L
k|b]z k|d'v ;dIf k]; ug{ ;Sg] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfcg';f/ n]vfk/LIf0f P]g @)&% sf] bkmf !(-%_
adf]lhd k|b]z k|d'v ;dIf k]z u/]sf] k|ltj]bg d'VodGqL dfkm{t k|b]z ;efdf k]z x'g] Joj:yf ePsf]n]
k|b]z ;ef lgodfjnLx?df ;f]xL cg';f/ ;fdfGh:otf ldnfpg' kb{5 .
10. ;+u7g / sd{rf/L Joj:yfkg – k|b]z ;/sf/nfO{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ cfjZos ;+u7g / sd{rf/Lsf]
Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 . ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnoaf6 @)&%.!@.!$ df k|fKt ljj/0fsf]
cfwf/df k|b]zcGtu{tsf sfof{no, b/aGbL / ;dfof]hgsf] l:ylt lgDgfg';f/ b]lvPsf] 5M

k|b]z g+= dGqfno / s]Gb|Lo lgsfo ;+Vof s'n b/aGbL ;+Vof ;dfof]hg ;+Vof
1 10 3373 2415
2 10 3158 1812
3 9 3906 2525
u08sL 10 2699 1748
% 9 4037 2532
s0ff{nL 10 2332 1334
;'b"/klZrd 10 2792 1455
hDdf 68 22297 13821
;+ljwfgsf] cg';"rL ^ Pj+ :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ adf]lhd s[lif, kz', lzIff,
:jf:Yonufotsf sfo{qmdx? :yfgLo txdf x:tfGt/0f ePsf]df k|b]z txdf ;d]t -s[lif, 3/]n', :jf:Yo
nufotsf_ sfof{nox? :yfkgf ePsf] b]lvG5 . :yfgLo txdf x:tfGt/0f ePsf sfo{qmdsf] nflu k|b]z
txdf Pj+ ;+3Lo ;/sf/n] vf/]h u/]sf If]qLo lgb]{zgfnox? ;d]t k|b]z txdf :yfkgf ePaf6 sfddf
bf]xf]/f]kg Pj+ k|zf;lgs vr{df j[l4 x'g] cj:yf b]lvG5 . k|b]z ;/sf/cGtu{tsf sfdsf]
cfjZostfsf] cfwf/df sfof{no :yfkgf x'g'kb{5 .
11. ah]6 sfof{Gjog – k|b]z cy{dGqLn] k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] nflu k|b]z ;ef ;dIf /fh:j / Joosf]
cg'dfg k]; ug'{kg]{ Joj:yfadf]lhd k|b]z ;efaf6 :jLs[t ePsf] @)&$.&% sf] ah]6 / vr{sf] l:ylt
lgDgfg';f/ b]lvPsf] 5M
-?=nfvdf_
k|b]z g+= jflif{s ah]6 rfn' vr{ k'FhLut vr{ s'n vr{ vr{ k|ltzt
1 1,02,05 43,51 21,78 65,29 63.98
2 93,10 26,60 25,73 52,33 56.20
3 1,02,05 15,99 10,97 26,96 26.41
u08sL 1,02,05 14,48 15,06 29,54 28.94
% 1,02,05 12,53 6,55 19,08 18.69
s0ff{nL 1,02,05 12,27 11,16 23,43 27.60
;'b"/klZrd 1,02,05 16,58 9,40 25,98 25.46
hDdf 7,05,40 1,41,96 1,00,65 2,42,61 34.39
11.1. cGt/ ;/sf/L ljQ Joj:yfkg P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf #-@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt cg';"rL @ df k|b]z ;/sf/n]
3/hUuf /lhi6\];g z'Ns, ;jf/L ;fwg s/, dgf]/~hg s/, lj1fkg s/, s[lif cfodf s/, ;]jf z'Ns
b:t'/, ko{6g z'Ns, b08 hl/afgf Pj+ k|b]zsf] clwsf/ If]qsf] ljifodf k|b]z sfg'g cGo k|rlnt
sfg'gcg';f/ nufOg] cGo s/ tyf u}/s/ nufpg;Sg] Joj:yf /x]sf]df of] jif{ ;ft} k|b]z ;/sf/n]
s'g}klg ljifodf s/ nufpg] / p7fpg] ;DaGwdf k|:tfj u/]sf] kfOPg .
11.2. of] jif{ k|b]z ;/sf/sf] cfDbfgLsf] ;|f]t ;+3Lo ;/sf/af6 k|fKt x'g] ljQLo ;dfgLs/0f cg'bfg dfq
/x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;+3Lo ;/sf/af6 k|fKt cg'bfg ?=& ca{ % s/f]8 $) nfv g} k|b]z ;/sf/sf] jflif{s
ah]6 /x]sf]df ?=@ ca{ $@ s/f]8 ^! nfv -#$=#( k|ltzt_ vr{ eO{ afFsL /sd vr{ ePsf] b]lvPg .
k|b]z g+=! n] ;a}eGbf a9L cyf{t\ ^#=(* k|ltzt / k|b]z g+=% n] ;a}eGbf 36L cyf{t\ !*=^( k|ltzt
vr{ u/]sf] 5 .
11.3. ;a} k|b]zdf ePsf] s'n vr{dWo] rfn'tkm{ ?=! ca{ $! s/f]8 (^ nfv -%*=%! k|ltzt_ / k'FhLut
vr{df ?=! ca{ ^% nfv -$!=$( k|ltzt_ vr{ ePsf] b]lvG5 . k|b]z :yfkgfsf] klxnf] jif{ ePsf]n]
rfn' vr{ a9L b]lvPsf] 5 .

12. gLlt, sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog – k|b]z k|d'vaf6 k]; ePsf] tyf ah]6df ;dfj]z ePsf] gLlt Pj+ sfo{qmd
sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{df ljleGg k|b]zn] pNn]v u/]sf] gLlt sfo{qmddWo] k|b]z nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] u7g
;DaGwL sfo{, k|b]z uf}/jsf cfof]hgfsf] 5gf}6, ;]jfu|fxL ;Gt'li6 ;j]{If0f, cfsl:ds / o'jf nlIft
sf]ifsf] :yfkgf, ljkb Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw, l;l08s]6 / sf6]{lnË lgoGq0f;DaGwL sfg'g lgdf{0f, o'jf
j}1flgs sf]if / k|b]z afn p4f/ sf]ifsf] :yfkgf;DaGwL sfo{ sfof{Gjog ePsf] b]lvPg . jflif{s gLlt
tyf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
13. ;f]em} vl/b – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# adf]lhd k|lt:kwf{sf] cfwf/df vl/b sfo{ ug'{kg]{df ;ft}
k|b]zn] of] jif{ kmlg{r/, sDKo'6/, Nofk6k, kmf]6f]skL d]l;g, lk|G6/nufotsf ;fdu|L vl/b ubf{
k|lt:kwf{ a]u/ k6s k6s ;f]em} vl/b u/L ?=#) s/f]8 $@ nfv &* xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .
gofF :yfkgf ePsf dGqfnosf] ;~rfngsf nflu tTsfn vl/b ug'{ k/] tfklg ;f]em} vl/b ubf{
;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf ^^ / lgodfjnLsf] lgod !$% adf]lhd ljz]if kl/l:yltdf vl/b
ug{] ;DaGwL k|lqmof;d]t cjnDag u/]sf] b]lvPg .
14. pb\3f6g vr{ – s0ff{nL k|b]z ;/sf/sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ ;~rfng ePsf] s0ff{nL /f/f ko{6g dxf]T;j
@)&% sf] pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf k|b]zsf ^ dGqfnon] k|rf/ k|;f/df ?=^ nfv (& xhf/, pkxf/
;fdu|Ldf ?=& nfv $ xhf/, vfhf vfgfdf ?=@! nfv @$ xhf/, xjfO{ l6s6nufot oftfoft vr{df
?=!) nfv / cGo vr{;d]t ?=&* nfv !^ xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o:tf] vr{ ubf{ vr{sf] k|s[lt,
kl/df0f / b/ olsg u/L nfut cg'dfg ;d]t gagfO{ vr{ u/]sf] plrt b]lvPg . o:tf] vr{ ubf{
ldtJolotfdf Wofg k'¥ofpg'kb{5 .
15. cjf:tljs vr{ – k|b]z ljkb\ Joj:yfkg;DaGwL P]g tyf ;f];DaGwL sfo{ljlw tof/ u/L sfof{Gjogdf
Nofpg] u/L k|b]z g+=@ n] k|b]z ljkb\ Joj:yfkg sf]if :yfkgf ug{ ljlgof]lht ?=@ s/f]8 lk|mh x'g
glbg sfo{;~rfng sf]ifdf 6«fG;km/ u/]sf] 5 . k|b]z ljkb\ Joj:yfkg;DaGwL P]g tyf ;f];DaGwL
sfo{ljlw tof/ gu/L cGo sf]ifdf hDdf u/]sf] plrt b]lvPg . pQm /sd ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf
x'g'kb{5 . o;}u/L u08sL k|b]zsf @ dGqfnon] c;DalGwt zLif{saf6 vr{ u/]sf] ?=@^ nfv % xhf/
clgoldt b]lvG5 .
16. lgjf{rg If]q ljsf; sfo{qmd – k|b]z g+=@ sf] d'VodGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{non]] lgjf{rg If]q
ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng sfo{ljlw, @)&% adf]lhd k|b]z ;ef ;b:on] 5gf}6 u/]sf] of]hgf
sfof{Gjog ug{ k|lt ;b:o ?=!) nfvsf b/n] ?=!) s/f]8 &) nfv cfly{s jif{sf] cGtdf ;DalGwt
;ef;bsf] gfddf k]:sL hgfO{ ;DalGwt lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nodf k7fPsf] b]lvG5 . o;/L /sd
pknAw u/fpFbf sfo{qmd ;~rfng sfo{ljlwsf] cg';"rL ! adf]lhd of]hgf dfu kmf/d ge/]sf], of]hgf
sfof{Gjog ;do gv'nfPsf], of]hgfsf] nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t gePsf] Pj+ ;]jf k|fKt ug]{ nfeflGjt
;d"xnufotsf Go"gtd ljj/0f tof/ gu/L k]:sL pknAw u/fPsf] pko'Qm b]lvPg . pQm /sd o;}
cfly{s jif{df vr{ x'g] l:ylt 5}g . k|lqmof gk'¥ofO{ cfly{s jif{sf] cGtdf k]:sL lbg] sfo{df lgoGq0f
x'g'kb{5 .
17. cg'bfg ljt/0f – k|b]z ;/sf/n] pknAw u/fPsf cg'bfg ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf k|d'v Joxf]/fx?
lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
17.1. s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] e"ld Joj:yfkg, s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfnon] ( gfkmfd"ns Jofj;flos kmd{ Pj+
sDkgLnfO{ e]+8f afv|f uf]7 lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ ?=@ nfvb]lv % nfvsf b/n] ?=@@ nfv / Ps ;xsf/L
;+:yfnfO{ b'Uw lr:ofg s]Gb| :yfkgf ug{ ?=*) nfv cg'bfg lbPsf] b]lvG5 . ;+:yf 5gf}6sf] cfwf/ Pj+
dfkb08, kF'hL, bL3{sfnLg sfo{of]hgf, pTkfbg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf, pTkflbt j:t'sf] vkt, nfeflGjt
hg;+Vof, ;+:yfsf] lj:t[t kl/of]hgf k|:tfj ;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ glnO{ cg'bfg lbg] kl/kf6Ldf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{
b]lvG5 .
17.2. k|b]z g+=@ sf] ;fdflhs ljsf; dGqfnon] ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{ lbg] cg'bfg;DaGwL
lgb]{lzsf, @)&% :jLs[t u/L] cfly{s jif{sf] cGTodf @) ;+:yfnfO{ ?=&& nfv cg'bfg k|bfg u/]sf]

b]lvG5 . lgb]{lzsfdf b'O{ a/fa/ ls:tfdf cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg] / klxnf] ls:tfsf] pknlAwsf]
cfwf/df bf];|f] ls:tf pknAw u/fpg] pNn]v ePsf]df ;f] ljk/Lt Psd'i6 cg'bfg lbPsf]] b]lvG5 .
o;}u/L ;f]xL dGqfnon] lzz' :ofxf/ tyf afnaflnsf ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ % ;+:yfnfO{
@)&%.#.@& sf] lg0f{on] ?=%) nfv cg'bfg k|bfg u/]sf]df pQm /sdaf6 tf]s]sf] sfo{ ePsf] b]lvPg .
17.3. k|b]z g+=! sf] cfly{s dfldnf tyf of]hgf dGqfnon] af6f] dd{t tyf lgdf{0f, l;FrfO s'nf], vfg]kfgL
of]hgf Pj+ ljBfno ejg dd{t, v]n d}bfg lgdf{0f, u'Daf lgdf{0f, u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfosf] ejg lgdf{0f
;d]tsf ;of}F of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ cfly{s jif{sf] cGTodf !@$ :yfgLo txnfO{ ?=! nfvb]lv !
s/f]8;Ddsf b/n] ?=@) s/f]8 * nfv !) xhf/sf] r]s x:tfGt/0f u/]sf]df s]xL :yfgLo txn] jif{sf]
cGTodf of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ g;Sg] hgfO{ ?=#^ nfv #* xhf/ lkmtf{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o;}u/L ;f]xL
k|b]zsf] ;fdflhs ljsf; dGqfnon] cfly{s jif{sf] cGTodf ljleGg :yfgLo tx Pj+ u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfnfO{ ?=$ s/f]8 &$ nfv ## xhf/ cg'bfg lbPsf] 5 . cg'bfg lbPsf] of]hgf ;DalGwt :yfgLo
txaf6 k|:tfj gePsf], jif{sf] cGTodf cg'bfg lbPsf] / cg'bfg lbg] lgsfoaf6 sfd tyf vr{sf]
cg'udg gePsf]] sf/0f cg'bfgsf] pkof]u ;DaGwdf cfZj:t x'g] cj:yf 5}g .
cg'bfg lbg] sfo{nfO{ Jojl:yt u/L] cg'bfgaf6 ePsf] vr{ tyf sfo{sf] cg'udg u/L
pknlAw ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 . k|b]z ;/sf/af6 ePsf plNnlvt ;e]{, 8\Oª, l8hfOg / cWoog
k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjogsf] ;'lglZrtf gePsf] Pj+ o:tf] ;]jf k|fKt ubf{ ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnLsf]
lgod &@-!_ sf] k|lqmof;d]t kfngf ePsf] b]lvPg .
18. k/fdz{ ;]jf vr{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod &@-!_ df aL; nfv ?k}ofFeGbf sd
/sdsf] k/fdz{ ;]jf df}h'bf ;"rLdf /x]sf k/fdz{bftfaf6 lnlvt ?kdf k|fljlws / cfly{s k|:tfj
dfu u/L vl/b ug{ ;lsg] pNn]v 5 . o; ;DaGwdf lgDgfg';f/ b]lvPsf] 5M
18.1. k|b]z g+=@ sf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf; dGqnfon] ;8s, vfg]kfgLnufotsf of]hgfsf] lj:t[t ;j]{If0f
sfo{ u/fO{ @( k/fdz{bftfnfO{ ?=!( nfv *( xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f]xL k|b]zsf] pBf]u,
ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnon] & ;e]{If0f tyf cWoog sfo{ u/fO{ ?=@* nfv ($ xhf/ e'QmfgL
u/]sf] 5 .
18.2. ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf] pBf]u, ko{6g, jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnon] cf}Bf]lus If]q :yfkgf, s]ansf/ ;~rfng,
ko{6g If]qnufot #% ;+efJotf cWoog sfo{ u/fO{ ?=! s/f]8 *! nfv !^ xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] 5 .
18.3. k|b]z g+=! sf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf; dGqfnon] ;8s, k'n, Eo" 6fj/, l;FrfO s'nf]nufotsf lgdf{0f
sfo{sf] ;e]{, 8\Ou, l8hfOg / nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug]{ sfo{ @$ k/fdz{bftfaf6 u/fO{ ?=# s/f]8 %#
nfv $) xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] b]lvG5 . k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfgdf lz/f]ef/ vr{ ;dfj]z ug{
gldNg]df ?=$^ nfv !) xhf/ lz/f]ef/ vr{afkt e'QmfgL u/]sfn]] lgodljk/Lt e'QmfgL ePsf] /sd
c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
19. ;df/f]x vr{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ lgod !! df dfn;fdfg vl/b sfo{sf] nfut
cg'dfg tof/ ug'{kg]{ / lgod #! df ?=@) nfveGbf a9Lsf] sfo{ ubf{ af]nkqsf] dfWodaf6 ug'{kg]{
Joj:yf 5 . k|b]z g+=@ sf] d'VodGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{noaf6 hgsk'/wfddf @)&%.!.@* df
cfof]lht ;df/f]xdf k|rf/, k|;f/, gu/ ;/;kmfO{, k08fn kfn lgdf{0f, :jfutåf/, hgkl/rfng
nufotsf sfo{x?df ?=# s/f]8 @ nfv $$ xhf/ vr{ ePsf] 5 . pQm vr{sf] cnfjf ;f]xL
sfo{qmdsf nflu hgsk'/ pkgu/kflnsfaf6 ?=! s/f]8 *% nfv vr{ ePsf] 5 . k|b]zaf6 ePsf]
vr{dWo] kfn k08fn lgdf{0fdf k|lt:kwf{ a]u/ ?=! s/f]8 #$ nfv $( xhf/ / hg kl/rfngdf ?=*$
nfv $ xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] ldtJooL / cf}lrTok"0f{ b]lvPg . o;k|sf/sf vr{ ubf{ vl/b sfg'gsf] kfngf
u/L vl/b sfo{ ldtJooL / cf}lrTo k"0f{ x'g'kb{5 .
20. kbflwsf/L ;'ljwf – k|b]z sfg'g gag];Dd k|b]z ;efsf ;efd'v, pk ;efd'v tyf ;b:osf]
kfl/>lds / ;'ljwf tf]Sg];DaGwL k|b]z dlGqkl/ifb\sf] cfb]z, @)&% Pj+ ;DalGwt k|b]zn] lgdf{0f

u/]sf] sfg'gadf]lhd ;]jf ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/
5g\M
20.1. kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ k|bfg ug]{ kfl/>lds / cfjf; ;'ljwf k|b]zut ?kdf ag]sf sfg'gdf b]xfoadf]lhd
/x]sf] b]lvG5M
k|b]z g+=
;'ljwfsf]
OsfO{ b/ ;efd'v pk ;efd'v/k|ltkIf bnsf] d'Vo ;r]ts/k|d'v k|b]z ;ef
lsl;d g]tf ;r]ts/;efklt ;b:o
1 dfl;s ?= 53,000/- 50,000/- 49,000/- 45,000/-
2 dfl;s ?= 59,000/- 57,780/- 56,490/- 52,600/-
3 dfl;s ?= 53,000/- 50,000/- 49,000/- 45,000/-
u08sL kfl/>lds dfl;s ?= 53,000/- 50,000/- 49,000/- 45,000/-
% dfl;s ?= 53,000/- 50,000/- 48,000/- 45,000/-
s0ff{nL dfl;s ?= 53,000/- 50,000/- 48,000/- 45,000/-
;'b"/klZrd dfl;s ?= 53,000/- 50,000/- 48,000/- 45,000/-
1 dfl;s ?= cfjf; cfjf;÷25,000/- 25,000/- 15,000/-
2 dfl;s ?= cfjf; cfjf;÷20,000/- 18,000/- 16,000/-
3 dfl;s ?= cfjf; cfjf;÷25,000/- 25,000/- 15,000/-
u08sL cfjf; ;'ljwf dfl;s ?= cfjf; cfjf; 15,000/- 15,000/-
% dfl;s ?= cfjf; cfjf; 15,000/- 15,000/-
s0ff{nL dfl;s ?= cfjf; cfjf;÷25,000/- 15,000/- 15,000/-
;'b"/klZrd dfl;s ?= cfjf; 12,000/- 12,000/- 12,000/-
20.2. kmlg{r/ / lghL ;lrjfno a:tf]j:tsf] nflu b]xfoadf]lhd ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{ sfg'g lgdf{0f ePsf]
b]lvG5M
pk
d'Vo ;r]ts/k|d'v k|b]z ;ef
k|b]z g+= ;'ljwfsf] lsl;d OsfO{ b/ ;efd'v ;efd'v/k|ltkIf
bnsf] g]tf ;r]ts/;efklt ;b:o
1 Psd'i6 ?= - 15,000/- 15,000/- 15,000/-
2 Psd'i6 ?= - 80,000/- 70,000/- 50,000/-
3 Psd'i6 ?= - 15,000/- 15,000/- 15,000/-
u08sL kmlg{r/ Psd'i6 ?= - - 50,000/- 50,000/-
% Psd'i6 ?= - - 45,000/- 45,000/-
s0ff{nL Psd'i6 ?= 60,000/- 50,000/- 40,000/- 40,000/-
;'b"/klZrd Psd'i6 ?= 15,000/- 15,000/- 15,000/- 15,000/-
1 dfl;s ?= 2,000/- 1750/- 1750/- -
2 dfl;s ?= 3,000/- 2,500/- 2,000/- 2,000/-
3 dfl;s ?= 2,000/- 1,750/- 1,750/- -
u08sL lghL ;lrjfno Joj:yfkg dfl;s ?= 2,000/- 1,750/- 1,200/- -
% dfl;s ?= 2,000/- 1,750/- 1,750/- 1,000/-
s0ff{nL dfl;s ?= 2,000/- 1,750/- 1,500/- -
;'b"/klZrd dfl;s ?= 4,000/- 3,250/- 1,750/- -
20.3. k|b]z g+=@ n] ;efd'vnfO{ @ ;jf/L;fwg / dfl;s @&% ln6/ OGwg pknAw u/fpg] u/L sfg'g
agfPsf]df cGo k|b]zn] ! ;jf/L;fwg / dfl;s !%) ln6/ OGwg pknAw u/fpg] u/L sfg'g agfPsf]
b]lvG5 . k|b]z g+=# n] tf]s]sf] ;~rf/ ;'ljwf cGo k|b]zsf] t'ngfdf a9L /x]sf] 5 . cltly ;Tsf/tkm{
;a}eGbf a9L k|b]z g+=@ n] ;efd'vnfO{ dfl;s ?=!* xhf/ / ;a}eGbf sd k|b]z g+=# n] dfl;s ?=#
xhf/ lgwf{/0f u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
20.4. cfos/ P]g, @)%* df kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ gub} k|bfg ul/g] kfl/>lds / ;'ljwfafktsf] /sd jflif{s
cfodf ;dfj]z u/L kfl/>lds s/ u0fgf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . k|b]z g+=# n] & kbflwsf/LnfO{ e'QmfgL
lbPsf]] kfl/>lds / ;'ljwfdf 36L s/ s§f u/]sf] ;DaGwdf cf}FNofPkl5 ?=@ nfv %& xhf/ c;'n u/L
k|b]z a]?h" vftfdf hDdf ePsf] 5 . kfl/>lds s/ ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf] cfo ePsf]n] ;+3sf] ;DalGwt
vftfdf hDdf ug'{kb{5 .
20.5. k|b]z g+=!, @, #, u08sL, %, s0ff{nL / ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf kbflwsf/LnfO{ qmdzM ?=%% nfv *)
xhf/, ?= *% nfv #( xhf/, ?=(! nfv ^ xhf/, ?=#@ nfv !$ xhf/, ?=&! nfv !) xhf/, ?=!^
nfv ^* xhf/ / ?=#! nfv (@ xhf/ 3/ ef8f e'QmfgL u/]sf] b]lvG5 . k|b]z /fhwfgLdf 3/ x'g] /
gx'g]nfO{ ;dfg ?kn]] 3/ef8f e'QmfgL lbg] lg0f{o pko'Qm b]lvPg .
21. d'VodGqL tyf dGqLsf] ;'ljwf – d'VodGqL tyf dGqLsf] kfl/>lds / ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg ;DalGwt
k|b]zn] lgdf{0f u/]sf] P]gdf Joj:yf ePadf]lhd ;ft} k|b]zn]] d'VodGqL tyf dGqLx?nfO{ sfg'gadf]lhd
k|bfg ug]{ dfl;s kfl/>ldsnufot ;'ljwfsf] l:ylt lgDgfg';f/ b]lvG5M
21.1. d'VodGqL / dGqLx?nfO{ k|bfg ug]{ dfl;s kfl/>ldsdf k|b]zut ?kdf b]xfoadf]lhd /x]sf] b]lvG5M
k|b]z g+= d'Vo dGqL dGqL /fHo dGqL ;xfos dGqL
1 60,970/- 52,000/- 49,000/- 47,000/-
2 60,970/- 57,780/- 56,490/- 53,000/-
3 60,970/- 52,000/- 49,000/- 47,000/-
u08sL 60,970/- 52,000/- 49,000/- 47,000/-
% 60,970/- 52,000/- 49,000/- 48,100/-
s0ff{nL 60,970/- 52,000/- 49,000/- 47,000/-
;'b"/klZrd 60,970/- 54,000/- 51,000/- 51,000/-
21.2. k|b]z g+=@ n] d'VodGqLnfO{ @ ;jf/L;fwg / dfl;s #)) ln6/ OGwg pknAw u/fpg] u/L, k|b]z g+= !
/ s0ff{nL k|b]zn] @/@ ;jf/L;fwg / dfl;s @%) ln6/ ;jf/L OGwg pknAw u/fpg] u/L, k|b]z g+=# /
u08sL k|b]zn] Ps–Ps j6f ;jf/L;fwg / dfl;s !%) / @%) ln6/ ;jf/L OGwg pknAw u/fpg]
u/L, k|b]z g+= % n] ;jf/L ;fwg cfjZostf cg';f/ / OGwg @%) ln6/ tyf ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zn] @
j6f ;jf/L ;fwg / OGwg cfjZostf cg';f/ pknAw u/fpg] u/L sfg'g agfPsf] b]lvG5 .
21.3. k|b]z g+=# n] d'VodGqLnfO{ ;~rf/ ;'ljwfafkt dfl;s ?=!) xhf/ / k|b]z g+= ! n] dfl;s ?=# xhf/
lgwf{/0f u/]sf] Pj+ k|b]z g+=% n] lan cg';f/ x'g] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . cltly ;Tsf/tkm{ u08sL k|b]zn]
d'VodGqLnfO{ dfl;s ?=$) xhf/ / k|b]z g+=!, # / ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zn] dfl;s ?=!) xhf/ lgwf{/0f
u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
21.4. OGwg vr{nfO{ Jojl:yt / ldtJooL agfpg dfkb08 agfpg] jf sfof{no k|of]hgdf vr{ x'g] OGwgsf]
;jf/L nua's Jojl:yt u/L /fVg'kb{5 . d'VodGqL tyf dGqLsf] kfl/>lds / ;'ljwf;DaGwL
P]gadf]lhd lghx?n] kfpg] OGwg d'VodGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{noaf6 s'kgsf] dfWodaf6
pknAw x'g] / nua's cfjZos gkg]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . k|b]zcGtu{tsf ljleGg sfo{qmddf
;xefuL x'Fbf cfjZos kg]{ OGwg ;DalGwt dGqfnoaf6 pknAw u/fpg] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o;k|sf/ b'O{
lgsfoaf6 OGwg pknAw u/fpFbf vr{df lgoGq0f ug{ sl7gfO kg]{ b]lvPsf]n] pQm Joj:yfdf
k'g/fjnf]sg u/L Ps} lgsfoaf6 OGwg ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
22. ;DklQsf] PsLs[t ljj/0f – k|b]z ;/sf/sf] sfo{ ljefhg lgodfjnLcg';f/ k|b]zl:yt ;/sf/L
;DklQsf] PsLs[t ljj/0f / ;/sf/L afFsL /sdsf] nut tyf c;'npk/ ug]{ sfo{ cfly{s dfldnf tyf
of]hgf dGqfnonfO{ tf]s]sf] 5 . ;fljsdf ;+3Lo ;/sf/cGtu{t /x]sf s[lif, jg, l;FrfO, ;xsf/L,
ejg, vfg]kfgL, :jf:Yo nufotsf sfof{nox? k|b]z ;/sf/cGtu{t ?kfGt/0f tyf ;dflxt ePsf]df
;fljs sfof{non] k|of]u u/]sf] ;DklQsf] PsLs[t ljj/0f tof/ u/L] ;+/If0f tyf ;/sf/L afFsL
/sdsf] nut tof/ u/L Jojl:yt ug]{ sfo{ ePsf] b]lvPg . sfg'gn] tf]s]cg';f/ dftxt sfof{nosf]
;DklQ tyf afFsL /sdsf] nut cBfjlws u/L ;+/If0f ug{ pko'Qm Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .

23. k|b]z dftxtsf] lgsf;f Joj:yf – ;+3Lo ;/sf/ dftxt ;a} lhNnfdf sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs
sfof{no /x]sf 5g\ . k|b]z txsf] sf]if / clen]vsf] Joj:yfkg ug{ cfly{s dfldnf tyf of]hgf
dGqfno dftxt k|b]z /fhwfgLdf k|b]z sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{no :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . pQm
sfof{non] k|b]z dftxtsf ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] nflu k|fKt ah]6 clVtof/L Pj+ /sdfGt/sf] clen]v
/fVg], /fhwfgL /x]sf] lhNnfdf /x]sf k|b]z dftxtsf sfof{nonfO{ lgsf;f k|bfg ug]{ / tL sfof{nosf]
cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{ sfo{sf] lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] b]lvG5 . k|b]z /fhwfgL aflx/sf] lhNnfdf :yfkgf
ePsf k|b]z dftxtsf sfof{nox?nfO{ lgsf;f k|bfg ug]{ / tL sfof{nosf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{
sfo{ ;DalGwt lhNnfsf ;+3Lo ;/sf/ dftxtsf] sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 x'g] Joj:yf
ldnfPsf] b]lvG5 . ;f] sfo{sf] nflu k|b]z sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs
sfof{nox?nfO{ k|zf;lgs vr{ ;d]t pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . k|b]z ;+lrtsf]if ;DaGwL sfo{ k|b]z
/fhwfgLdf k|b]z n]vf lgoGqs sfof{no / cGo lhNnfdf ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf] sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs
sfof{noaf6 u/]sf] b]lvFbf Pp6} sfo{ b'O{ txsf] :yfoL ;dGqaf6 ePsf] x'Fbf o;df Ps} txaf6 ul/g'
kb{5 .
24. k|lta4tf n]vf – k|b]z cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)&$ df sfg'gsf] cwLgdf /xL k|b]z ;/sf/af6 l;lh{t
cfly{s bfloTj tyf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ;Demf}tf tyf lg0f{o eO{ x:tfGt/0f eO{ cfPsf jf k|b]z
;/sf/af6 /fh:j 5'6 lbg k|lta4tf hgfPsf] /sdsf] Aoxf]/f b]lvg] u/L n]vf tyf ;f]sf] clen]v
/fVg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
25. cGt/ k|b]z Jofkf/ – ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @#^ df Ps k|b]z jf :yfgLo txaf6 csf]{ k|b]z jf :yfgLo
txsf] If]qdf x'g] j:t'sf] 9'jfgL jf ;]jfsf] lj:tf/ jf s'g} k|b]z jf :yfgLo txsf] If]qdf x'g] j:t'sf]
9'jfgL jf ;]jfsf] lj:tf/df s'g} lsl;dsf] afwf cj/f]w ug{ jf s'g} s/, z'Ns, b:t'/ jf dx;'n
nufpg jf To:tf] ;]jf jf j:t'sf] 9'jfgL jf lj:tf/df s'g} lsl;dsf] e]befj ug{ gkfOg] Joj:yf 5 .
k|b]zx?n] o; ;DaGwdf of] jif{ s'g} sfg'g / sfo{ljlw lgdf{0f u/]sf] b]lvPg .
26. ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] ;~rfng – ;+ljwfgn] g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf] gLltcg'?k k|b]z ;/sf/nfO{ ljQLo
;+:yfx?sf] :yfkgf u/L a}+lsË ;'ljwf / kx'Fr k'¥ofpg clwsf/ lglb{i6 u/]sf] 5 . To:t} k|b]zsf]
cfly{s ultljlwdf ;xsf/L If]qsf] ;xeflutf / :jtGq ljsf; dfk{mt k|b]z cfly{s cj:yf ;'b[9 ug{,
pknAw ;fwg, ;|f]t tyf cfly{s ljsf;sf] k|ltkmnsf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0f ug{, t'ngfTds nfesf] If]q
klxrfg ug{, k'FhL tyf k|ljlw cfslif{t ug{, o:tf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] ;~rfng / Joj:yfkg ug]{
clwsf/ ;'lglZrt u/]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL sfo{ ePsf] b]lvPg .
27. ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ – k|b]z ;/sf/nfO{ k|b]zsf hgtfaLr ;"rgfnfO{ clwsflws ?kdf k|of]u /
;"rgfnfO{ hgtfaLr k'¥ofpg k|b]zdf /]l8of], Pkm=Pd= / 6]lnlehg ;~rfng ug]{ / ;"rgfsf] cfbfg
k|bfg ug]{ clwsf/;d]t 5 . k|b]zcGtu{t @)&$.&% df /]l8of], Pkm=Pd=, 6]lnlehg ;~rfngsf] sfo{
ePsf] b]lvPg .
28. k|b]z :jf:Yo ;]jf – k|To]s gful/snfO{ /fHoaf6 :jf:Yo ;]jf lgMz'Ns k|fKt ug]{ Pjd\ :jf:Yo ;]jfdf
;dfg kx'Fr k|fKt x'g] ljifonfO{ ;d]t lgwf{/0f ePsf] 5 . gful/snfO{ :j:y agfpg k|b]zn] :jf:Yo
If]qdf nufgL clej[l4 ug]{ Pj+ u'0f:t/Lo, ;xh, ;'ne :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfg kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug'{kg]{
clwsf/;d]t ls6fg u/]sf] 5 . k|b]zleqsf] :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] ;~rfng glthf, cf}iflw ljt/0f, cf}iflw
vl/b, :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?sf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0f, lgMz'Ns cf}iflw ljt/0f, :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] lgoldt lgodg
/ cg'udg, :jf:Yo aLdf, ;xof]usf] kl/rfng tyf pkof]u k|efjsf/L agfpg] nufotsf sfo{ of] jif{
ePsf] b]lvPg .
29. e"ld Joj:yfkg – e"lddf /x]sf] bf]xf]/f] :jfldTjsf] cGt ug]{, ls;fgsf] lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL j}1flgs
e"ld Joj:yfkg, hUufsf] rSnfaGbL u/L pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj j[l4, e"–pkof]u gLlt tyf sfg'g,
e"ldsf] pTkfbgzLntf / ;d'lrt pkof]u, s[ifssf nflu s[lif ;fdu|L, s[lif pkhsf] plrt d"No /
ahf/df kx'Frsf] Joj:yf ug{ k|b]z ;/sf/n] ;du| ?kdf e"ld Joj:yfkg tyf hUufsf] clen]v
Joj:yfkg ug'{kg]{ sfo{ ;'? x'g afFsL /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
30. vfgL cGj]if0f / Joj:yfkg – >dd"ns, lgof{thGo / cfoft k|lt:yfkgsf] nflu pBf]u If]qsf]
e"ldsfdf j[l4 ug'{ / pBf]usf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ sRrfkbfy{sf] Joj:yfkg u/L cf}Bf]lus jftfj/0f
l;h{gf ug{ k|b]zleq vfgLhGo j:t'x?sf] cg';Gwfg, cGj]if0f / pTvgg\sf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ cufl8
a9fO{ cf}Bf]lus If]q / ;Lkd"ns /f]huf/L j[l4 ug]{ nufotsf sfo{ k|f/De ePsf] b]lvPg .
31. jg tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f – k|b]zdf /f]huf/Lsf] l;h{gf, cfo j[l4, :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] cfwf/e"t
cfjZostf h:t} sf7, bfp/f, 3fF;kft, u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/x?sf] cfk"lt{sf ;fy} s[lif, kz'kfng,
ko{6g / l;FrfOdf ;d]t jg If]qsf] e"ldsf pNn]vgLo /x]sf] 5 . jg cltqmd0f lgoGq0f tyf jg
89]nf] lgoGq0f, jg ;DaGwL åGå Joj:yfkg, jg kFm8fgL, ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f, jgdf cfl>t
;d'bfosf nflu lbuf]cg's"ng sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/L jg tyf jftfj/0f If]qsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ jg
;|f]tsf] 3gTj, ljljwtf / jg pBdzLntf l;h{gf ug]{ nufotsf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
32. ;xsf/L – cfly{s / ;dflhs ljsf;df ;xsf/L If]qsf] of]ubfg pNn]Vo /x]sf] 5 . k|b]zleq 5l/P/
/x]sf >d, ;Lk, k|ljlw / k'FhLnfO{ ;xsf/Ldfk{mt Pslqt u/L ;xsf/Ln] ;Íng u/]sf] k'FhLnfO{ s[lif,
ko{6g, pBf]u / pmhf{ h:tf If]qdf kl/rfng u/L pTkfbg / pTkfsTj j[l4df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg
cfjZos b]lvG5 . k'FhLsf] kl/rfng, art ;'/If0f, aLdf / ;Lkd"ns tflnd, ;x'lnot shf{, ;fd"lxs
v]tLdfkmt{ :j/f]huf/Lsf] l;h{gf ug]{ cflb sfo{qmdnfO{ sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
33. s[lif tyf kz' ljsf; – k|b]zsf] hg;+Vofsf] rfknfO{ wfGg ;Sg] u/L vfB tyf cfwf/e"t cfjZostf
k"/f ug{ k|b]zn] cfˆgf] If]qleq s[lif tyf kz';DaGwL pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj a9fpg'kg]{ l:ylt /x]sf] 5 .
cJojl:yt zx/Ls/0f, hUufsf] v08Ls/0f Pj+ hUuf Knl6ª, hUuf afFemf] /fVg] k|j[lQ s[lif If]qsf k|d'v
;d:of x'g\ . df5f, df;', c08f / b"wsf] cfk"lt{df cfTdlge{/ x'g] u/L Joj;foLs/0f ug]{ nufotsf
sfo{qmd to u/L sfof{Gjog x'g' cfjZos 5 .
34. ;]jf k|jfx – k|b]z txdf Go"g dfqfdf sfg'g lgdf{0f -!^ b]lv $!_ ePsf], :jLs[t b/aGbLadf]lhd
kbk"lt{ gePsf], jflif{s ah]6 Go"g dfqfdf -!*=^( b]lv ^#=(* k|ltzt_ vr{ ePsf], jflif{s
sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjog cj:yf sdhf]/ /x]sf], k|b]z:t/df ;fj{hlgs ;]jf ;'ljwf;DaGwL Go"gtd
dfkb08 lgwf{/0fnufot ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ lgoldt / Jojl:yt ug]{ gLlt, dfkb08 Pj+ sfo{ljlw lgdf{0fsf]
sfo{ afFsL /x]sf] Pj+ ;]jfu|fxL ;Gt'li6 tyf ;]jf k|jfxsf] cg'udgnufotsf] sfo{ x'g afFsL /x]sf]
nufotsf] sf/0f k|b]z ;/sf/af6 ck]lIft ?kdf ;]jf k|jfx x'g ;s]sf] kfOPg . k|b]z ;/sf/sf]
;+:yfut, k|fljlws / ;|f]t kl/rfng Ifdtf j[l4 u/L ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ r':t / k|efjsf/L agfpg'kb{5 .
35. cfGtl/s lgoGq0f – cfGtl/s lgoGq0f;DaGwL Joj:yfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg k|b]z dGqfno /
cGtu{t lgsfoaf6 ;Dkfbg ul/g] sfo{ ldtJooL, sfo{bIftf / k|efjsf/L 9Ëaf6 ;Dkfbg ug{ ljQLo
k|ltj]bg k|0ffnLnfO{ ljZj;gLo agfpg tyf k|rlnt k|b]z sfg'gadf]lhd sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ cfGtl/s
lgoGq0f k|0ff{nL tof/ u/L nfu" ug'{kb{5 .
36. ljQLo hjfkmb]lxtf – k|efjsf/L ljQLo Joj:yfkgdfk{mt ;fj{hlgs cfo tyf Joosf] ;jf]{Qd
kl/rfng, To;sf] n]vfÍg, k|ltj]bg tyf n]vfk/LIf0fdfk{mt ljQLo Joj:yfkgdf kf/blz{tf /
hjfkmb]lxtf clej[l4 ug'{ k|b]z ;/sf/sf] bfloTj xf] . ;fj{hlgs ljQLo Joj:yfkgnfO{ hjfkmb]xL
agfpg ;fj{hlgs vr{ / ;fj{hlgs cfosf] cBfjlws l:yltsf] n]vfÍg tyf k|ltj]bg k|0ffnLnfO{
lgoldt / Ps?ktf sfod u/L k|efjsf/L agfpg cfjZos 5 . ah]6 cg'dfg sfo{qmddf cfwfl/t
tyf oyfy{k/s agfpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 . ;dod} k|b]z:t/sf] sfo{qmd :jLs[t u/L jflif{s vl/b of]hgf
tof/ u/L, ;dodf 7]Ssf aGbf]a:t, rfn' vr{df sdL, cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnLnfO{ ;'b[9Ls/0f ug{',
a]?h" g} x'g glbg] u/L cfly{s sf/f]af/ ug]{ h:tf kIfdf Wofg lbg'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
37. of]hgfsf] vfsf – k|b]zsf] gLlt tyf of]hgf cfof]u ;ft j6} k|b]zdf :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . k|b]zsf]
k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf cfly{s ;fdflhs lqmofsnfksf] cfjZostf / k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f u/L bL3{sfnLg
tyf cNksfnLg p2]Zo, /0fgLlt, gLlt tyf sfo{qmd;lxtsf] lj:t[t of]hgf agfO{ sfo{Gjogdf Nofpg
cfof]usf] ;lqmotf a9fpg cfjZos b]lvG5 .

38. n]vfk/LIf0f /sd / a]?h" – k|b]z ;/sf/ dftxtsf sfof{nosf] n]vfk/LIf0f /sd / a]?h" cÍ
lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5M
-?= xhf/df_
n]vfk/LIf0f a]?h"dWo] k]:sL n]vfk/LIf0f /sdsf] k]:sLafx]s
n]vfk/LIf0f k]:sL ;d]t
k|b]z g+= ul/Psf] sfof{no /sd t'ngfdf a]?h" a]?h"
/sd a]?h" /sd
;+Vof k|ltzt k|ltzt
! 10 65,68,95 2,23,42 1,16 3.40 3.38
@ 10 69,43,95 16,46,09 10,71,00 23.71 8.28
# 9 27,46,29 9,72 - 0.35 0.35
u08sL 10 29,63,77 5,40 4,52 0.18 0.03
% 9 20,35,40 5,08 - 0.25 0.25
s0ff{nL 10 23,77,67 1,77 - 0.07 0.07
;'b"/klZrd 10 26,19,05 59,59 - 2.28 2.28
hDdf 68 2,62,55,08 19,51,07 10,76,68 7.43 3.33

v08 – #
:yfgLo tx
:yfgLo tx
1. ;+j}wflgs / sfg'gL Joj:yf – g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @!$ adf]lhd :yfgLo txsf] sfo{sfl/0fL
clwsf/ ;+ljwfg / ;+3Lo sfg'gsf] cwLgdf /xL ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfdf lglxt x'g] / wf/f @@!
df Joj:yfksLo clwsf/ ufpF ;ef / gu/ ;efdf /xg] Joj:yf 5 . :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g,
@)&$ cg';f/ :yfgLo txsf] zf;g Joj:yfsf] ;fdfGo lgb]{zg, lgoGq0f / ;~rfng ug]{ cleef/f
ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfsf] x'g] pNn]v 5 .
2. sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ – :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/ ;+ljwfgsf] cg';"rL–* df pNn]v 5 . :yfgLo txsf]
clwsf/df gu/ k|x/L, ;xsf/L ;+:yf, Pkm=Pd= ;~rfng, :yfgLo s/, ;]jf z'Ns tyf b:t'/, :yfgLo
;]jfsf] Joj:yfkg, :yfgLo :t/sf ljsf; cfof]hgf, cfwf/e"t / dfWolds lzIff, cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo /
;/;kmfO{, :yfgLo ;8s, u|fdL0f ;8s, s[lif ;8s / l;FrfO, hUuf wgL btf{ k|df0f k'hf{ ljt/0f, s[lif
tyf kz'kfng, Ho]i7 gful/s, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm / czQmx?sf] Joj:yfkgnufotsf clwsf/
pNn]v 5 .
;f] afx]s :yfgLo txn] ;+3 tyf k|b]z;Fusf] ;xsfo{df k|of]u ug]{ ;femf clwsf/ ;+ljwfgsf]
cg';"rL–( df ;d]t pNn]v 5 . ;+3 jf k|b]zn] ;+ljwfg tyf k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd cfˆgf] clwsf/
If]qleqsf] s'g} ljifo ufpF jf gu/kflnsfnfO{ sfg'g agfO{ lgIf]k0f ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 .
3. ;+/rgf – s'n :yfgLo txdWo] k|b]z g+=! df !#&, k|b]z g+=@ df !#^, k|b]z g+=# df !!(, u08sL
k|b]zdf *%, k|b]z g+=% df !)(, s0ff{nL k|b]zdf &( / ;'b"/klZrd k|b]zdf ** /x]sf 5g\ .
ufpFkflnsfdf sDtLdf % / a9Ldf @! j8f tyf gu/kflnsfdf sDtLdf ( / a9Ldf #% j8f /xg] u/L
:yfgLo txsf] u7g eO{ sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf] 5 . :yfgLo txsf] ;+Vof jf ;Ldfgf, hg;+Vof, e"uf]n,
k|zf;lgs ;'udtf, k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] cj:yf, cfly{s ;Ifdtf, k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgsf] pknAwtf /
eflifs ;f+:s[lts tyf ;fd'bflos agf}6sf] cfwf/df ^ dxfgu/kflnsf, !! pk–dxfgu/kflnsf, @&^
gu/kflnsf / $^) ufpFkflnsf ;d]t &%# :yfgLo tx /x]sf 5g\ .
4. jflif{s of]hgf tyf ah]6 th'{df – :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ adf]lhd :yfgLo txn] cfˆgf]
clwsf/ If]qleq /xL cfly{s clwsf/ ;DaGwL ljifodf sfg'g agfpg], jflif{s ah]6 agfpg], lg0f{o
ug]{, gLlt tyf of]hgf tof/ ug]{ / To;sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;f]xL sfg'gL Joj:yfadf]lhd
;a} :yfgLo txn] ufpF jf gu/ ;efaf6 of]hgf tyf ah]6 kfl/t u/fO{ sfof{Gjog u/]sf 5g\ .
5. sfg'g / ;~rfng l:ylt – :yfgLo txsf] ;~rfng ug{ :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ nfu"
eO{ sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf] 5 . :yfgLo tx ;~rfngsf] nflu ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g
dGqfnoaf6 #) gd"gf sfg'gx? agfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] / cGo cfjZos sfg'gx? lgdf{0fsf] qmddf
/x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^#, ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$, cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g,
@)%% tyf lgodfjnL, @)^$ / :yfgLo txx?n] ;+ljwfg tyf cGo k|rlnt sfg'gsf] clwsf/ If]qleq
/xL lgdf{0f u/]sf P]g lgod cg';f/ sfo{;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf] cj:yf 5 .
6. cfly{s sfo{ k|0ffnL – ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @@* b]lv @#) ;Dd :yfgLo txsf] cfly{s sfo{ k|0ffnL
;DaGwL Joj:yf 5 . sfg'gadf]lhd afx]s :yfgLo txdf s'g} s/ nufpg, p7fpg / C0f lng gkfOg]
Joj:yf 5 . :yfgLo txn] cfˆgf] clwsf/ If]q leqsf] ljifodf /fli6«o cfly{s gLlt, k'FhL / >dahf/,
l5d]sL k|b]z jf :yfgLo txnfO{ k|lts"n gx'g] u/L sfg'g agfO{ s/ nufpg] Joj:yf 5 .
:yfgLo tx cGtu{t k|To]s ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfdf Ps :yfgLo ;l~rt sf]if /xg]
pNn]v 5 . sf]ifdf ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfnfO{ k|fKt x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf] /fh:j, g]kfn ;/sf/ /
k|b]z ;/sf/af6 k|fKt x'g] cg'bfg tyf ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfn] lnPsf] C0f /sd / cGo
;|f]taf6 k|fKt x'g] /sd hDdf x'g] / :yfgLo sfg'gadf]lhd vr{ ug]{ pNn]v 5 . :yfgLo txn] k|To]s
:yfgLo tx
cfly{s jif{sf] /fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg :yfgLo sfg'gadf]lhd ufpF ;ef jf gu/ ;efdf k]; u/L
kfl/t u/fpg' kg]{ / /fh:j tyf Joosf] cg'dfg k]; ubf{ 3f6f ah]6 lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ ePdf 3f6f k"lt{
ug]{ ;|f]t ;d]tsf] k|:tfj ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 .
7. :yfgLo txsf] n]vfk/LIf0f – ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @$! cg';f/ :yfgLo txsf] n]vfk/LIf0f dxfn]vf
k/LIfsn] ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . n]vfk/LIf0f ul/g] lgsfosf] n]vf ;+3Lo sfg'gadf]lhd dxfn]vf k/LIfsn]
tf]s]sf] 9fFrfdf /fVg] Joj:yf 5 . o:t} wf/f @($ df dxfn]vfk/LIfs cfk"mn] u/]sf] sfd, sf/afxLsf]
jflif{s k|ltj]bg /fi6«klt ;dIf k]; ug]{ pNn]v 5 . n]vfk/LIf0f P]g, @)&% sf] bkmf @) adf]lhd
:yfgLo txsf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg cnu cnu hf/L ug{ ;Sg] / hf/L u/]sf] k|ltj]bg :yfgLo txsf]
k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd ufpF ;ef jf gu/ ;efdf k]; u/L 5nkmn ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
8. ljQLo hjfkmb]lxtf – ;fj{hlgs vr{sf] kf/blz{tf clej[l4 ug{ / ljQLo hf]lvd sd ug{ ;+nUg kIf
hjfkmb]xL /xg'kg]{ x'G5 . of] jif{ n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf &$& :yfgLo txdWo] %%& txsf]
Joj:yfksLo kIf, ljQLo Joj:yfkg kIf, ;]jf k|jfx / vl/b Joj:yfkg tyf ljsf; lgdf{0fsf
kIfnfO{ hjfkmb]lxtfsf] dfkgdf d'Vo % / ;xfos @) ;"rssf] cfwf/df ljQLo hjfkmb]lxtf
d"NofÍgdf Go"g :t/df juL{s/0f ePsf :yfgLo txn] ljQLo hjfkmb]lxtfdf ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
9. k|zf;sLo ;+u7g / sd{rf/L Joj:yfkg – :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf *# adf]lhd
:yfgLo txsf] sfo{af]em, /fh:j Ifdtf, vr{sf] cfsf/, :yfgLo cfjZostf / ljlzi6tf ;d]tnfO{
Wofgdf /fvL sd{rf/L ;dfof]hg ePkl5 dfq ;+u7g tyf Joj:yfkg ;j]{If0fsf cfwf/df :yfgLo
txdf ;+u7g ;+/rgf sfod x'g] Joj:yf 5 . :yfgLo txsf] sfo{;~rfng leq k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f, lzIff,
;fdflhs ;'/Iff, s[lif tyf kz', :jf:Yo, s/ tyf z'Ns, Gofo ;Dkfbg, ah]6 gLlt tyf of]hgf
nufotsf sfo{;Dkfbg ug{ ljifout If]q ;d]l6Psf] ljQLo ;dfgLs/0f cg'bfg, ;zt{ tyf ljz]if
cg'bfg k|bfg ePsf] 5 . :yfgLo txsf nflu ^^ xhf/ ()* sd{rf/L b/aGbL :jLs[t ePsf]df
@)&%.!@.!$ ;Dd $# xhf/ *)& hgfsf] ;dfof]hg ePsf] cj:yf 5 . ljifout sfo{qmd ;~rfng
u/L ;]jf k|jfx ug{ b/aGbL adf]lhd hgzlQmsf] k"0f{tf gx'Fbf sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf c;/ k/]sf] l:ylt 5 .
l/Qm kbx? oyfzSo l56f] k"lt{ u/L ;]jf k|jfx k|efjsf/L agfpg' kb{5 .
10. cfly{s sf/f]af/ / n]vfk/LIf0f – s'n &%# :yfgLo txdWo] of] jif{ &$& :yfgLo txsf] ?=% va{ &!
ca{ %! s/f]8 #% nfv #& xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;f] /sddf ljQLo ;dfgLs/0f /
cGo cg'bfg ?=! va{ %@ ca{ %& s/f]8 ^ nfv &% xhf/, ;zt{ cg'bfg ?=! va{ !! ca{ ^( s/f]8
*^ nfv &! xhf/ / cGo cfo ?=$) ca{ *& s/f]8 %@ nfv &! xhf/;d]t /x]sf] 5 . k|b]zut
?kdf lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"rL !$ df 5 .
11. n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fpg] :yfgLo tx – :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf && adf]lhd k|To]s
:yfgLo txn] cfˆgf] cfo tyf Joosf] clGtd n]vfk/LIf0f dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] sfof{noaf6 u/fpg' kg]{
pNn]v 5 . ;nf{xLsf] lji0f' ufpFkflnsf, /fdgu/ ufpFkflnsf, an/f gu/kflnsf, dxf]Q/Lsf] ;D;L
ufpFkflnsf, wg'iffsf] x+;k'/ gu/kflnsf / aemfËsf] a'Ën gu/kflnsf ;d]t ^ :yfgLo txn] of] jif{
cg'bfg ?=! ca{ ^& s/f]8 %) nfv;d]t cfo–Joosf] n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf 5}gg\ .
ut jif{ dxf]Q/L lhNnf cGtu{t uf}zfnf, lkk/f, ;D;L, nf]xf/k§L / dgx/f l;;jf ;lxt !@&
;fljs ufpF ljsf; ;ldltn] n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fO{ aSof}tf /x]sf]df dgx/f l;;jf gu/kflnsf afx]s
cGon] of] jif{ klg n]vfk/LIf0f u/fPsf 5}gg\ . sfg'gdf ePsf] Joj:yfsf] kfngf gug]{ / n]vfk/LIf0f
;d]t gu/fpg] l:yltn] cfly{s cg'zf;gsf] kfngf x'g] cj:yf gb]lvPsf]n] n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fpg]
:yfgLo txsf] cg'bfg /f]Ssf ug]{;Ddsf] sf/afxL cufl8 a9fpg' kg]{ b]lvG5 .
12. c;'nL tyf bflvnf – :yfgLo tx #@% af6 n]vfk/LIf0fsf] qmddf ?=^) s/f]8 ^@ nfv & xhf/ /
!&^ :yfgLo txaf6 k|ltlqmof Pj+ ;Dk/LIf0faf6 km5\of}{6 eO{ ?=@$ s/f]8 %* nfv @@ xhf/ ;d]t
s'n ?=*% s/f]8 @) nfv @( xhf/ c;'n ePsf] 5 . ;f]dWo] *@ :yfgLo txaf6 ;zt{ cg'bfgtk{m
art /sd ;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{kg]{dWo] ?=^* s/f]8 ^ nfv !* xhf/ bflvnf ePsf] 5 .
452
:yfgLo tx
n]vfk/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] pNn]vgLo Joxf]/f lgDgfg';f/ 5g\M
13. ah]6 k]; / kfl/t – :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf &! adf]lhd jflif{s /fh:j /
Joodf ut cfly{s jif{sf] /fh:j / Joosf] oyfy{ ljj/0f, rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] clGtd;Dddf x'g]
cfDbfgL / vr{sf] ;+zf]lwt cg'dfg tyf cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf] of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd / cfo–Joosf]
cg'dflgt ljj/0f x/]s jif{sf] cfiff9 !) leq ;efdf k]; ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;fy} bkmf &# adf]lhd
;efaf6 ah]6 :jLs[t ePsf] & lbgleq :yfgLo txsf k|d'vn] k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[tnfO{ ah]6 vr{
ug]{ clVtof/L k|bfg ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . :yfgLo tx #!( n] lgwf{l/t ;dodf clVtof/L pknAw
gu/fPsf] / ^* :yfgLo txn] ;doleq ah]6 kfl/t gu/]sf]n] ;dosf] kfngf ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
14. of]hgf th'{df – :yfgLo txn] cfˆgf] clwsf/ If]qleq /xL cfly{s clwsf/ ;DaGwL ljifodf sfg'g
agfpg], jflif{s ah]6 agfpg], lg0f{o ug]{, gLlt tyf
of]hgf tof/ ug]{ / To;sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ Joj:yf of] jif{ n]vfk/LIf0faf6 d"ntM :yfgLo txsf]
5 . ah]6sf] k"j{ tof/L, ;Ldf, ljifout If]q, ;|f]t ah]6 cg'dfg tyf sfo{qmd, sfo{qmd :jLs[lt,
cg'dfg / cfof]hgf k|fyldsLs/0fsf cfwf/df ah]6 jflif{s vl/b of]hgf / u'?of]hgf, vr{
th'{df ubf{ k|fyldstfqmd lgwf{/0f u/]sf] b]lvFb}g . Joj:yfkg, ;f]e}m vl/b, sfo{qmd tyf vr{nfO{
jflif{s of]hgf / ah]6 th'{df ug'{ k"j{ :yfgLo txsf] ;fj{hlgsLs/0f, 7]Ssf aGbf]j:t, pkef]Qmf
ef}uf]lns, ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf k"jf{wf/nufotsf ;ldlt dfk{mt ;fdfg vl/b, ;j–sG6«ofS6,
kbflwsf/L k]:sL, c;DalGwt sfo{df e'QmfgL,
If]qsf] oyfy{ l:ylt b]lvg] u/L j:t'ut ljj/0f lan e/kfO{ a]u/ vr{, ;zt{ cg'bfg ;+3Lo
-:yfgLo txsf] k|f]kmfOn_ tof/ u/]sf] / ;fj{hlgs ;l~rt sf]ifdf bflvnf, ca08f /sd
u/]sf] b]lv+b}g . of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg / ljlgof]hg, bf]xf]/f] vr{ e'QmfgL, lgdf{0f sfo{sf]
nfesf] lx:;]bf/Ldf :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf cw'/f]kgf, ljt/0fd'vL vr{, cfg'kflts s§L,
;'lglZrt x'g] u/L of]hgf th'{df k|0ffnL ;'b[9 x'g clu|d s/ tyf bflvnf, hl6n k|s[ltsf] sfo{
;s]sf] 5}g . / pkef]Qmf ;ldlt, yk Jooef/ / gf]S;fgL,
cfGtl/s cfo tyf /fh:j, cfof]hgf
15. cfGtl/s lgoGq0f tyf n]vfk/LIf0f – :yfgLo ;/sf/ x:tfGt/0f, a}7s eQf, k|f]T;fxg kfl/>lds,
;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf && adf]lhd :yfgLo kbflwsf/L ;'ljwf, a9L lgsf;f, sd{rf/L
txn] sfg'gadf]lhd cfˆgf] cfo / Joosf] cfGtl/s sNof0f sf]if, ;jf/L;fwg vl/b, ut jif{sf]
n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg' kg]{ / bkmf &* adf]lhd ;Dkfbg e'QmfgL, /sdfGt/, d"No clej[l4 s/, 8f]h/
ug]{ sfo{sf] nflu cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnL tof/ u/L ef8f tyf O{Gwg, cg'bfg, p7\g afFsL /sd,
sfof{Gjog ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . n]vfk/LIf0fsf] qmddf vr{ tyf ljt/0f, nufgL, 36L lhDd]jf/L,
clwsf+z :yfgLo txn] sfdsf] k|s[ltcg';f/ ;|f]tsf] ;'lglZrttf, gD;{ tyf gfkL,
cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnL tof/ gu/]sf] tyf k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{, cfGtl/s C0f, gLlt
cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f;d]t gu/fPsf] cj:yf 5 . s]xL sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf, 7]Ssf afkt c;'nL,
:yfgLo txn] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f u/fP tfklg axfn /sd c;'nL, nufotsf ljifodf ;'wf/
k|efjsf/L / ljZj;gLo b]lvPg . ;a} :yfgLo txn] x'g'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
hf]lvd If]qsf] klxrfg u/L cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnL
tof/ ug]{ tyf tf]lsPadf]lhd cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg'kb{5 .
16. ;]jf k|jfx – :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/;DaGwL Joj:yf sfof{Gjog ug{ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txaLrsf]
;xsfl/tf, ;xcl:tTj / ;dGjonfO{ cufl8 a9fO{ hg;xeflutf, pQ/bfloTj, kf/blz{tf ;'lglZrt
u/L z'ne / u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ bfloTj :yfgLo txdf /x]sf] 5 . :yfgLo txdf b/aGbL cg';f/
sd{rf/L ;dfof]hg gePsf] sf/0f hgzlQmsf] cefj, sfof{no ejg nufotsf k"jf{wf/sf] cefjdf
;]jf k|jfx k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . lgjf{lrt kbflwsf/Laf6 % jif]{ sfo{of]hgf ;d]t agfpg
g;s]sf] l:ylt 5 . ;efaf6 ;–;fgf 6'q]m w]/} of]hgf kfl/t x'g], kfl/t of]hgfx? sfof{Gjog gu/L
of]hgfsf] /sd cGo zLif{sdf /sdfGt/ ug]{, cg'Tkfbs vr{ / ljt/0fd'vL sfo{qmddf a9L vr{ x'g],
vr{ tyf vl/b k|lqmof sfg'gljk/Lt x'g], lbuf] of]hgf gagfpg] nufotsf sf/0f k|efjsf/L ;]jf
k|jfxdf ;d:of /x]sf] 5 .

453
:yfgLo tx
:yfgLo txn] ;]jfu|fxLaf6 ;]jf ;Gt'li6 d"NofÍg ug]{ Joj:yf cjnDag u/]sf 5}gg\ .
ef}uf]lns sl7gfO{n] ;d]t ;]jf k|jfxdf c;/ k/]sf] cj:yf 5 . sfo{sf] k|fyldsLs/0f x'g g;s]sf]
tyf :yfgLo tx cfk}mFn] ug]{, lghL If]qn] ug]{, ;fe]mbf/Ldf ug]{ / gful/s ;+:yf dfk{mt u/fpg]
sfo{x?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg gx'Fbf ;]jf k|jfx ck]Iff cg'?k x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
17. rf}dfl;s k'FhLut vr{ – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @# adf]lhd rf}dfl;s sfo{
nIo tyf ah]6adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf sfo{;Dkfbg ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf
&$& :yfgLo txsf] k'FhLut vr{ ?=! va{ !% ca{ $& s/f]8 #^ nfv ^% xhf/ /x]sf] 5 . pQm
k'FhLut vr{dWo] t];|f] rf}dfl;s r}qb]lv cfiff9;Dd cf}ift $^ k|ltztb]lv ^@ k|ltzt;Dd vr{ ePsf]
5 . pQm vr{dWo] cfiff9 dlxgfdf dfq s'n vr{sf] cf}ift k|ltzt %# b]lvPsf] 5 . jiff{Gtdf xtf/df
sfd u/fpFbf sfdsf] u'0f:t/df c;/ kg]{ b]lvPsf]n] lgoddf ePsf] Joj:yf cg'?k cfiff9df vr{ ug]{
kl/kf6Ldf lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
18. ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f – :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf &*-%_ adf]lhd x/]s :yfgLo
txn] ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ kf/bzL{, pQ/bfoL / hjfkmb]xL agfpg ;fj{hlgs k/LIf0f, ;fdflhs
k/LIf0f tyf ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ h:tf sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/L ljQLo hjfkmb]lxtfnfO{ k|efjsf/L
agfpg] Joj:yf 5 . ;~rflnt of]hgfsf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf cfo–Joo, ck]lIft / jf:tljs nfesf ;fy}
pkef]Qmfsf] of]ubfg / sfo{;Dkfbg nufotsf ljifodf :ki6 u/L ;/f]sf/jfnf ;lxtsf] ;fj{hlgs
;'g'jfO{ / ;fj{hlgs k/LIf0fnfO{ clgjfo{ ug'{ u/fpg' kg]{df clwsf+ztM kfngf gePsf] l:ylt 5 .
lgoddf ePsf] Joj:yf s8fO{sf;fy kfngf ug'{kb{5 .
19. Goflos ;ldlt – :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf $^ b]lv %# ;Dd clwsf/ If]q tyf
Gofo ;Dkfbg k|lqmofsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . ;ldltdf k/]sf] ph'/LdWo] d]nldnfk k|s[ltsf ph'/Lsf] #
dlxgfleq 6'Ëf] nufpg] Joj:yf 5 eg] cGo ph'/L ;DaGwdf cjlw ls6fg u/]sf] 5}g . :yfgLo tx
%%& sf] gd"gf k/LIf0f ubf{ # xhf/ (@^ ;+Vofsf] ph'/L k/]sf]df @ xhf/ #%# km5\of}{6 eO{ ! xhf/
%&# km5\of}{6 ug{ afFsL b]lvG5 . Gofo ;Dkfbg k|lqmofnfO{ P]gn] tf]s]sf] Dofbleq km5\of}{6 jf sf/afxL
lsgf/f u/L 6'Ëf] nufpg'kb{5 .
20. n]vf k|0ffnL – :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf ^( df :yfgLo sf]ifsf] ;~rfng,
Joj:yfkg / k|ltj]bg k|0ffnLdf Ps?ktf / z'4tf sfod ug{ PsLs[t cfly{s ;+s]tsf] juL{s/0f /
JofVof, @)&$ cg'?k ljsf; u/L dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] pknAw u/fPsf] n]vf k|0ffnLsf]
;ˆ6j]o/ k|of]u u/L k|ltj]bg ug'{kg]{df gd"gf k/LIf0f ubf{ !^% :yfgLo txn] dfq ;ˆ6j]o/ k|0ffnL
k|of]udf NofPsf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg / k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd n]vf 9fFrf dxfn]vfk/LIfsaf6 :jLs[t
u/fO{ nfu" ug'{kb{5 .
21. :yfgLo txdf n]vf sd{rf/L Joj:yfkg – :yfgLo txsf] cfly{s k|zf;gsf] sfo{ ;~rfng ug{ k|To]s
txsf] b/aGbLadf]lhd n]vf ;d"xsf sd{rf/L clgjfo{ kbk"lt{ eO{ sfo{ ;~rfng ;'rf? x'g'kb{5 .
:yfgLo txsf] u7g;Fu} k|To]s txdf n]vf ;d"xsf sd{rf/L /xg'kg]{df sl/a #%) :yfgLo txdf n]vf
;d"xsf sd{rf/Lsf] cefj eO{ ah]6 th'{df, ljsf; lgdf{0f tyf b}lgs sf/f]af/, n]vfkfng, k|ltj]bg /
n]vfk/LIf0f;DaGwL sfo{df afwf k'Ug uPsf] 5 . tTsfn n]vf sd{rf/L cefj x'Fbf kfFry/, ef]hk'/,
vf]6fª, af/f, /f}tx6, dgfª, d':tfª, u'NdL, ;Nofg, ?s'd k"j{, /f]Nkf, x'Dnf, sfnLsf]6, d'u', aemfª /
afh'/fnufotsf lhNnfdf cfly{s k|zf;g;DaGwL sfo{ cj?4 /x]sf] kfOof] . s]xL :yfgLo txdf
s]Gb|af6 v6fOPsf sd{rf/LnfO{ xflh/ gu/fO{ lkmtf{ k7fPsf] cj:yf;d]t /x]sf] 5 . ;fy} sltko
n]vfsf sd{rf/LnfO{ Ps lgsfoeGbf a9Lsf] lhDd]jf/L lbOPsf]n] :jfy{sf] ljjfb / lhDd]jf/L
hjfkmb]lxtfsf] cefj /x]sf] 5 . ctM k|To]s :yfgLo txdf clgjfo{ ?kdf b/aGbLcg';f/ n]vfsf
sd{rf/L v6fO{ sfdsf/afxL ;'rf? ug'{kb{5 .
22. x:tfGt/0f – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod (& sf] pk–lgod !@ cg';f/ pkef]Qmf
;ldltaf6 lgdf{0f sfo{;DkGg ePkl5 ;f]sf] /]vb]v, dd{t ;Def/ ug]{ lhDd]jf/L ;d]t tf]sL lgdf{0f
sfo{sf] ckgTj pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfonfO{ g} x:tfGt/0f ug'{kg]{df clwsf+z :yfgLo
454
:yfgLo tx
txn] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] x:tfGt/0f ug]{ k|lqmof ckgfPsf 5}gg\ . sfg'gsf] kfngf u/L ;DkGg of]hgf
x:tfGt/0f ug'{kb{5 .
23. s/ z'Ns tyf b:t'/ – :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf %$ adf]lhd :yfgLo txsf]
ljQLo clwsf/ If]qdf sfg'gadf]lhd afx]s s'g} s/ nufpg, p7fpg / C0f lng gkfOg] / bkmf !)@
df :yfgLo txn] P]g agfO{ /fhkqdf k|sfzg ug'{kg]{ / k|sfzg geP;Dd nfu" gx'g] pNn]v 5 . 3/
hUuf s/, Joj;fo s/, axfn la6f}/L z'Ns, h8La'6L, sjf8L / hLjhGt' s/, ;]jf z'Ns nufotdf
cfosf] b/ tf]s]sf]df /fhkqdf k|sfzg gu/L clwsf+z :yfgLo txn] s/ b:t'/ c;'n u/]sf 5g\ .
:yfgLo txdf s/ c;'nLsf] ljifodf ljjfb;d]t l;h{gf ePsf] kfOPsf]n] o;tk{m Wofg lbO{ cfˆgf]
sfo{If]qdf kg]{ ljifodf Gofof]lrt 9Ën] sfg'gadf]lhd s/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
24. cfGtl/s C0f – :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf ^* adf]lhd :yfgLo txn] /fli6«o
k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfof]usf] l;kmfl/;sf] ;Ldfleq /xL ;DalGwt ;efaf6 :jLs[t u/fO{ C0f lng
;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . gu/ ljsf; sf]ifaf6 %& gu/kflnsfn] l;6L xn, ;8s aQL, ;8s lgdf{0f, j;
6ld{gn, vfg]kfgL, ;lkª sDKn]S;, 9n Joj:yfkg tyf ;/;kmfO{ nufot sfo{ ug{ lnPsf] shf{dWo]
jiff{Gtdf ?=! ca{ (& s/f]8 $& nfv %$ xhf/ r'Qmf ug{ afFsL 5 . o;} u/L sf]ifn] %& gu/kflnsf
cGtu{tsf (& pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ C0f nufgL u/]sf]dWo] ?=$ ca{ (& s/f]8 $& nfv ($ xhf/
p7\g afFsL C0fdf b]vfPsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf lgDg Joxf]/f b]lvPsf 5g\ M
24.1. /fHosf] k'g/;+/rgf x'g'cl3 u7g ePsf gu/kflnsfx?n] gu/ ljsf; sf]ifaf6 k'FhLut sfo{df lnPsf]
C0fdWo] lj/f6gu/ dxfgu/kflnsfsf] ?=#& s/f]8 (^ nfv @) xhf/, jL/uGh dxfgu/kflnsfsf]
?=#* s/f]8 #^ nfv (* xhf/, kf]v/f dxfgu/kflnsfsf] ?=( s/f]8 @$ nfv ^) xhf/, e/tk'/
dxfgu/kflnsfsf] ?=$ s/f]8 $( nfv %( xhf/, a'6jn pk–dxfgu/kflnsfsf] ?=% s/f]8 $) nfv
(% xhf/, hgsk'/ pk–dxfgu/kflnsfsf] ?=* s/f]8 &% nfv @* xhf/, kgf}tL gu/kflnsfsf] ?=#
s/f]8 $ nfv *# xhf/, l;4fy{gu/ gu/kflnsfsf] ?=!# s/f]8 *^ nfv ^& xhf/, eLdbQ
gu/kflnsfsf] ?=% s/f]8 ^@ nfv @( xhf/ afFsL b]lvG5 . n]vfk/LIf0fdf gu/kflnsfx?n] lnPsf]
C0fnfO{ ;l~rt sf]if lx;fadf gb]vfPsf], ;fFjf Aofh e'QmfgLsf] tflnsf tof/ gu/]sf] / C0f
;Demf}tf k]; gu/]sf] cj:yf 5 .
24.2. sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfn] ljutdf PlzofnL ljsf; a}Í nufotaf6 k|fKt bL3{sfnLg C0f ?=$^
s/f]8 !^ nfv !@ xhf/ bfloTjdf b]vfPsf] 5 . pQm /sd ljut jif{b]lv lhDd]jf/L b]vfpFb} cfPsf]df
To; ;DaGwdf n]vf gLltdf s'g} Joxf]/f pNn]v gu/]sf] / cGo ;Demf}tf n]vfk/LIf0fdf k]; gu/]sf]n]
pQm C0f ;DaGwdf ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsPg .
ltg'{kg]{ C0f bfloTjsf] n]vfÍg, e'QmfgLsf] ;do tflnsf, ;fFjf Aofh, C0f /sdsf] cj:yf
;DaGwL n]vfgLltdf v'nf;f u/L ;l~rt sf]ifsf] cfo–Joodf b]vfpg'kb{5 . C0f bfloTjsf] Jojl:yt
clen]v /fVg'kb{5 . sfg'gadf]lhd cfof]uaf6 C0f bfloTjsf] ;Ldf tf]sL ;dy{g ;d]t k|fKt ug'{kb{5 .
25. hg;xeflutf – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod (& adf]lhd >dd"ns k|ljlwdf
cfwfl/t eP/ hg;xeflutf h'[6fpg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ljsf;df hg;xeflutf j[l4 ug{ nfeu|fxL
;xeflutfdf of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ubf{ nfut ;xeflutf ;d]t h'6fpg' kg]{df k"jf{wf/
ljsf;sf] nflu j8fx?df 5'6\ofPsf] of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ nfeu|fxL ;d'bfo ;Demf}tf ug{ gcfPsf]
;d]t b]lvPsf]n] ah]6 sfof{Gjog x'g g;s]sf] l:ylt 5 . clwsf+z :yfgLo txn] nfeu|fxL ;d"xn]
ug'{kg]{ of]ubfgsf] k|ltzt lgwf{/0f u/]sf 5}gg\ . pkef]Qmf ;ldlt dfk{mt k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fdf h'6fpg' kg]{
;xeflutf Go"g x'Fbf cg'bfg vr{df ef/ k/]sf] 5 . t;y{ :yfgLo txdf ;~rfng x'g] lgdf{0f sfo{df
of]hgf 5gf}6b]lv sfof{Gjog cg'udg / d"NofÍg r/0f;Dd nfeu|fxL ;d'bfonfO{ ;xeflutf u/fpg'
kb{5 .
26. gLlt sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf – :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf !! df pNn]v ePsf]
:yfgLo txsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt ljifo tyf If]qdf cfjZos kg]{ gLlt, sfg'g,
455
:yfgLo tx
dfkb08sf] lgdf{0f u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . dxfgu/kflnsfx?n] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug{
bL3{sfnLg, dWosfnLg tyf cNksfnLg gLlt cGtu{t zx/nfO{ a:g nfos agfpg], :yfgLo ;/sf/ /
hgtfaLr ;'dw'/ ;DaGw sfod ug]{, cfw'lgs k|ljlw / df}lns klxrfgåf/f pQ/ cfw'lgs ljsf;sf]
vfsf sf]g]{ / k"jf{wf/x? lgdf{0f u/L zx/nfO{ ;'Gb/ agfpg] k|d'v gLltut Joj:yf tof/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfn] @)&$.&% df ;DkGg ug]{ u/L nIo lgwf{/0f u/]sf] :df6{ sf8{ k]6«f]n kDk,
sfof{no Joj:yfkg ;e]{, d]l6«s 7]ufgf k|0ffnL, sf7df8f}+ :df6{ 6\ofS; k]o/ sf8{ nufotsf of]hgf
sfof{Gjog ck]Iffcg'?k b]lvPg . To:t} kf]v/f dxfgu/kflnsfn] of] jif{ clwsf/ ;DkGg o'l6ln6L
;le{; cyf]l/6L u7g u/L ;~rfngdf Nofpg], d]6«f] Pkm=Pd=;~rfng, dxfgu/ d'vkq lgZsf;g,
;fKtflxs xf6ahf/sf] Joj:yf ug]{ / % :yfgdf cfw'lgs ;fj{hlgs zf}rfno lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfng
ug]{ gLltut lg0f{o u/]sf]df sfof{Gjog gePsf] cj:yf 5 . b'j} dxfgu/kflnsfsf] bL3{sfnLg gLltdf
¥oflk8 6«flGh6, l;6L s]ansf/, 6«fd, d]6«f]/]n, df]gf]/]n, kf]v/f n'lDagL kmfi6 6«ofs h:tf uf}/jk"0f{
k"jf{wf/sf] ;DefJotf cWoog ug]{ sfo{qmd /x]sf]df sfof{Gjog z'? u/]sf 5}gg\ . gLlt tyf
sfo{qmdadf]lhd sfof{Gjog k|lqmofnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fVg'kb{5 .
27. /fli6«o ejg ;+lxtf – :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf $# adf]lhd ejgsf] gS;f kf;
ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/]cg';f/sf] /fli6«o ejg ;+lxtfsf] kfngf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . /fli6«o
ejg ;+lxtfsf] cwLgdf /xL yk dfkb08 ;d]t agfO{ nfu" ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . ejg ;+lxtf
kfngfnfO{ clwsf+z :yfgLo txn] sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf 5}gg\ . ejg ;+lxtf sfof{Gjog ug{ :yfgLo
txdf ;fwg / ;|f]t g/x]sf], zx/L ljsf; dGqfnon] ;+lxtf nfu" ug]{ ;lqmotf gb]vfPsf], dfkb08
ljk/Lt ejg lgdf{0f ePsf], gS;f kf; gu/L ejg lgdf{0f u/]sf] / ;+lxtf kfngf x'g g;s]sf], ejg
l8hfOg / lgdf{0fdf k|efjsf/L hfFrsf] Joj:yf ;d]t g/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . ejgsf] gS;f kf; ubf{
ejg ;+lxtfsf] kfngf ug'{kb{5 .
28. hUuf pkof]u dfkb08 – :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf @& adf]lhd :yfgLo txn] e"–
hf]lvd ;+j]bgzLntfsf cfwf/df hUufsf] pkof]u ;DaGwL dfkb08 tf]Sg'kg]{ / To:tf] dfkb08sf]
cwLgdf /xL tf]s]sf] If]qdf dfq ejg lgdf{0f ug{ :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . :yfgLo txn]
hUufsf] pkof]u ;DaGwL dfkb08 agfO{ nfu" u/]sf] b]lvPg . :yfgLo txn] cfˆgf] ;a} If]q jf s'g}
If]q tf]sL To:tf] If]qdf aGg] ejgx?sf] nflu hUuf tyf ejgsf] k|s[lt, ;dfg 9fFrfsf] gd"gf gS;f
tof/ ug{ / ;]jfu|fxLsf] nflu cfˆgf k|fljlws sd{rf/Laf6 gS;f tof/ u/fO{ lgMz'Ns pknAw u/fpg]
Joj:yf /x]sf]df sfof{Gjog ePsf] b]lvPg . hUufsf] pkof]u ;DaGwL dfkb08 tf]sL hUuf tyf
ejgsf] k|s[ltadf]lhd gS;f tof/ tyf :jLs[ltsf] Joj:yf ckgfpg' kb{5 .
29. k'FhLut ah]6df rfn' k|s[ltsf vr{ ;dfj]z – :yfgLo txn] clwstd k|ltkmn lbg] / k'FhLsf] lgdf{0f
x'g] Pjd\ pkof]lutf l;h{gf x'g] u/L of]hgf 5gf}6 u/L tL of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ cfjZos ah]6
k'FhLut zLif{sdf ;dfj]z ug'{kb{5 . t/ clwsf+z :yfgLo txn] k'FhLut zLif{saf6 wfld{s, ;fdflhs,
;f+:s[lts k|s[ltsf vr{ b]vfpg] u/]sf] kfOPsf]n] k|j[lQdf ;'wf/ x'g'kb{5 .
30. ca08f ah]6 – :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ adf]lhd :yfgLo cfly{s cj:yf ;d]tsf]
cfwf/df ah]6 tyf sfo{qmdsf] k|fyldsLs/0fsf cfwf/ tof/ u/L ;|f]t cg'dfg tyf ;Ldf lgwf{/0fsf
cfwf/df ca08f g/fvL cfo–Joosf] cg'dfg k]; ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . s~rgk'/ lhNnfsf z'SnfkmfF6f,
s[i0fk'/, a]nf}/L gu/kflnsf / nfnem08L ufpFkflnsfn] ?=@) s/f]8 ^^ nfv ^# xhf/, hfh/sf]6
lhNnfsf e]/L gu/kflnsf, af/]sf]6 ufpFkflnsf / s'z] ufpFkflnsfn] ?=$ s/f]8, c5fdsf k~rb]jn
ljgfos gu/kflnsf / afGgLu9L hou9 ufpFkflnsfn] ?=@ s/f]8 !! nfv $) xhf/, Ps8f/f
ufpFkflnsf dxf]Q/Ln] ?=@ s/f]8 &( nfv, dgx/f l;;jf gu/kflnsf dxf]Q/Ln] ?=@ s/f]8 @( nfv
#% xhf/ / kgf}tL gu/kflnsf sfe|]knf~rf]sn] ?=! s/f]8 @) nfv ca08f /fvL ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd
:jLs[t u/]sf 5g\ . ca08fdf /sd ljlgof]hg u/L sfo{kflnsfsf] lg0f{oaf6 vr{ ug]{ k|lqmofdf
lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .

456
:yfgLo tx
31. a}7s eQf – :yfgLo txsf kbflwsf/L tyf ;b:osf] ;'ljwf ;DaGwL P]gx?df k|b]z cg'?k a}7s eQf
;DaGwL 5'§f5'§} Joj:yf 5 . ;f] cg'?k k|b]z P]gdf Joj:yf gePsf :yfgLo txx?df a}7s eQf vr{
n]Vg ldNb}g . ctM ;'ljwf ;DaGwL P]gn] gtf]s]sf] cj:yfdf j8f a}7s, sfo{kflnsf a}7s, ljz]if
a}7s, ;ef a}7s nufot vr{ n]v]sf] 5 . dfl;s ;'ljwf kfpg] kbflwsf/L afx]ssf ;b:on] dfq eQf
kfpg] Joj:yf /x]sf]df lhtk'/ l;d/f pk–dxfgu/kflnsf, af/fn] o; jif{ ljleGg a}7s a;]sf] hgfO{
kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ ?=! s/f]8 *& nfv #( xhf/ a}7s eQf e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . ;f] afx]s sfg'gdf
Joj:yf gePsf] o:tf] a}7s eQf afkt ljleGg :yfgLo txn] ?=$( s/f]8 &% nfv %( xhf/ vr{
n]v]sf 5g\ . P]gdf Joj:yf gePsf] ;'ljwf e'QmfgL ug'{ lgod;Ddt\ b]lvPg .
32. k|f]T;fxg ;'ljwf – :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf *^ adf]lhd :yfgLo txsf] ;]jf
;~rfng, Joj:yfkg, ;]jfsf zt{ tyf ;'ljwf ;+3Lo sfg'gadf]lhd x'g] Joj:yf 5 . :yfgLo txx?n]
kl/ifb\, ;ef, af]8{ a}7s cflbaf6 sd{rf/Ln] kfO/x]sf] ;'ljwfsf cltl/Qm ;~rf/ ;'ljwf, vfhf vr{,
dfl;s eQf, ;ef eQf, cltl/Qm ;do eQf, k|f]T;fxg eQf nufotsf ;'ljwf lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
;'ljwf k|flKtsf] dfkb08 tyf ;"rs ;d]t gagfO{ e'QmfgL lbPsf] b]lvG5 . o:tf ;'ljwf afkt :yfgLo
tx #^& n] ;+3Lo sfg'gn] tf]s]sf] kfl/>ldssf cltl/Qm k|f]T;fxg afkt ?=#^ s/f]8 *# nfv !%
xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf 5g\ . dfkb08 a]u/ k6s k6s lg0f{o u/L cltl/Qm ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg]
k|j[lQdf lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
33. kbflwsf/L ;'ljwf – :yfgLo txsf kbflwsf/L tyf ;b:osf] ;'ljwf ;DaGwL P]gx?df lgwf{/0f u/]sf]
afx]s cGo ;'ljwf e'QmfgL ug{ ldNb}g . :yfgLo tx @)! n] tf]lsPsf]eGbf a9L kfl/>lds, bz}+ vr{,
;~rf/ vr{ Pj+ cGo ;'ljwf afkt ?=@@ s/f]8 #& nfv #) xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf 5g\ . P]g, lgoddf
Joj:yf gu/]sf] pQm ;'ljwf afktsf] /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
34. :jsLo ;lrj / ;Nnfxsf/ – :yfgLo txsf kbflwsf/L tyf ;b:ox?sf] ;'ljwf;DaGwL P]gx?df
kbflwsf/Lx?sf] nflu :jsLo ;lrj / ;Nnfxsf/ /fvL kfl/>lds lbg] Joj:yf 5}g . of] jif{ k|b]z
gDa/ @, #, % / s0ff{nL k|b]z cGtu{tsf dxf]Q/L, /fd]5fk, afFs] / hfh/sf]6 lhNnfsf !) :yfgLo
txn] ;f]afkt ?=#% nfv #) xhf/ kfl/>lds e'QmfgL u/]sf 5g\ . P]gdf Joj:yf gePsf] ;'ljwf vr{
n]Vg' sfg'g;Ddt b]lvPg .
35. lgj[Qe/0f – :yfgLo txsf kbflwsf/L tyf ;b:osf] ;'ljwf ;DaGwL P]gx?df lgj[Qe/0f kfpg]sf]
xsdf dfl;s ;'ljwf jf lgj[lQe/0fdWo] s'g} Ps dfq kfpg] Joj:yf 5 . :yfgLo txsf] ;|f]t tyf
Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df P]geGbf sd x'g] u/L ;DalGwt ;efn] lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg], P]gn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ;'ljwf
afx]s cGo ;'ljwf lng gkfpg] / ;'ljwfx? ;fj{hlgs ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . Ko"7fg lhNnfsf Ko"7fg
gu/kflnsf / uf}d'vL ufpFkflnsfn] lgj[Qe/0f lnPsf] cj:yfdf kfl/>lds afkt ?=!$ nfv !^
xhf/, kfNkfsf dfyfu9L, /Def, k"j{vf]nf / ltgfp ufpFkflnsfn] ?=!% nfv ( xhf/, l;Gw'nLsf] b'wf}nL
gu/kflnsf / tLgkf6g ufpFkflnsfn] ?=* nfv % xhf/ / eQmk'/sf] rfFu'gf/fo0f gu/kflnsfn] ?=%
nfv &^ xhf/ ;d]t ?=$# nfv ^ xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf 5g\ . bf]xf]/f] ?kdf e'QmfgL u/]sf] /sd c;'n
ug'{kb{5 . ;fy} cGo :yfgLo txdf ;d]t o; k|sf/sf] ;'ljwf lnP glnPsf] :j3f]if0ff u/fO{ e'QmfgL
x'g'kb{5 .
36. ltxf/ vr{ – sd{rf/LnfO{ k|fKt x'g] ;'ljwf :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf *^ adf]lhd
;+3Lo sfg'gadf]lhd x'g] pNn]v 5 . jL/uGh dxfgu/kflnsfn] sfo{/t sd{rf/LnfO{ Ps dlxgfsf]
rf8kj{ vr{ pknAw u/fO{ ;s]kl5 ;fljsdf vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] pNn]v u/L yk ?=(% nfv @% xhf/ /
sf7df8f}+sf] rGb|flu/L gu/kflnsfn] %! sd{rf/LnfO{ ?=( nfv () xhf/ ltxf/ vr{ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 .
rf8kj{ vr{ bf]xf]/f] e'QmfgL u/]sf] /sd c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
37. ;df/f]x tyf dxf]T;j vr{ – ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] vr{ ubf{ ldtJolotf / pknlAwtk{m Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
hgsk'/ pk–dxfgu/kflnsfn] @)&%.!.@* df cfof]hgf u/]sf] Ps :jfut ;df/f]x tof/Lsf nflu
gful/s clegGbg, ;f}Gbo{s/0f, k|rf/ k|;f/ nufotsf sfo{df ?=$@ nfv %# xhf/ ;d]t ?=! s/f]8

457
:yfgLo tx
*$ nfv (( xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] 5 . sfnLsf]6 lhNnfsf] kfrfnemgf{ ufpFkflnsfn] % lbg] ufpF dxf]T;j
afkt ?=$% nfv ## xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] 5 . cGo lgsfoaf6 klg o:tf k|s[ltsf vr{ u/]sf] x'Fbf vr{df
ldtJolotf tyf k|efjsfl/tftk{m Wofg lbPsf] kfOPg . o; lsl;dsf vr{nfO{ lglZrt ;Ldfleq
/fVg]tk{m Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
38. kf]zfs vr{ – :yfgLo txsf kbflwsf/Ln] kfpg] ;]jf tyf ;'ljwf ;DaGwL P]gdf tf]s]sf] afx]s cGo
;'ljwf e'QmfgL ug{ ldNb}g . pQm P]gdf pNn]v gePsf] kf]zfs vr{ sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfn] ?=!(
nfv $$ xhf/, c5fdsf] 9sf/L ufpFkflnsfn] ?=!) nfv, sLlt{k'/ gu/kflnsfn] ?=^ nfv $! xhf/,
/fd]5fksf] dGynL gu/kflnsfn] ?=% nfv $) xhf/, bf]nvfsf] a}t]Zj/ ufpFkflnsfn] ?=$ nfv $!
xhf/, sfe|]knf~rf]ssf] w'lnv]n gu/kflnsfn] ?=$ nfv @& xhf/, ;+v'jf;efsf] l;lnrf]ª
ufpFkflnsfn] ?=$ nfv #% xhf/, pbok'/sf] lqo'uf / s6f/L gu/kflnsfn] ?=^ nfv ** xhf/,
8f]6Lsf] k"jL{rf}sL ufpFkflnsfn] ?=% nfv #@ xhf/, s}nfnLsf] 6Lsfk'/ / hf]zLk'/ gu/kflnsfn] ?=!)
nfv ! xhf/, j}t8Lsf k'rf}8L / l;uf; ufpFkflnsfn] ?=^ nfv *% xhf/, nlntk'/sf] dxfnIdL
gu/kflnsfn] ?=$ nfv !@ xhf/ vr{ n]v]sf 5g\ . P]gdf pNn]v gePsf] kf]zfs ;'ljwf vr{
sfg'g;Ddt\ Pj+ cf}lrTok"0f{ b]lvPg .
39. ;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod ##-s_ df vr{ x'g g;sL
afFsL /x]sf] ;zt{ cg'bfgsf] /sd sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{nodf lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . sf]if
tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{nodf cfly{s ljj/0f k]; ubf{ lgsf;f k'/} vr{ b]vfpg], a9L vr{ b]vfO{
df}Hbft lkmtf{ gug]{, /sd lkmtf{ ug{ sf/afxL cufl8 ga9fpg], lgsf;f tyf vr{sf] n]h/ k|ljli6 gug]{
/ art /sd :yfgLo ;l~rt sf]ifdf /fVg] nufotsf sf/0f !#^ :yfgLo txn] ;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]ifdf
lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{ ;zt{ cg'bfg lgsf;f ?=&! s/f]8 !* nfv %! xhf/ lkmtf{ u/]sf 5}gg\ . ;f] /sd
;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]if bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
40. a9L lgsf;f – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ df s'g} /sdsf] e'QmfgL lbFbf /Lt k'u] jf gk'u]sf]
hfFr u/L lgsf;f tyf vr{ ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . klxn] g} lgsf;f lbPsf]df hfFr gu/L bf]xf]/f] lgsf;f
lbg], k'gM yk lgsf;f k|bfg ug]{, cjsfz k|fKt lzIfsnfO{ klg lgsf;f lbg] / b/aGbLeGbf a9L
lgsf;f lbg] u/]sf]n] @^& :yfgLo txsf %^% ljBfnonfO{ lbg'kg]{eGbf ?=!@ s/f]8 #! nfv @% xhf/
a9L lgsf;f lbPsf 5g\ . lgsf;f k|lqmofdf ;+nUgnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kg]{ / hfFr gu/L a9L lgsf;f
lbg]nfO{ sf/afxL u/L pQm /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
41. ;dfgLs/0f cg'bfgaf6 lzIfssf] tna eQf – cGt/ ;/sf/L ljQ Joj:yfkg P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf (
n] :yfgLo txnfO{ :jLs[t b/aGbL leqsf lzIfssf] tna eQf afkt ;zt{ cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg]
Joj:yf 5 . :jLs[t b/aGbLleq gk/]sf Pj+ ut ljutb]lv g} cfGtl/s ;|f]taf6 tna eQf Joxf]/]sf
lzIfsnfO{ ljQLo ;dfgLs/0f cg'bfgaf6 tna eQf e'QmfgL u/]sf] b]lvof] . bfr'{nfsf] z}No lzv/
gu/kflnsfn] ?=($ nfv *( xhf/, a}t8Lsf] kf6g gu/kflnsfn] ?=(& nfv &@ xhf/, b}n]vsf] b'Nn'
gu/kflnsfn] ?=#$ nfv @) xhf/, cf7aL; gu/kflnsfn] ?=$$ nfv @$ xhf/, gf}d"n]
ufpFkflnsfn] ?=^) nfv ^) xhf/, 7fF6LsfFw ufpFkflnsfn] ?=&* nfv #) xhf/ / /f}tx6sf] k/f]{xf
gu/kflnsfn] ?=!& nfv *! xhf/ ljQLo ;dfgLs/0f cg'bfgaf6 lzIfssf] tna eQfsf] nflu
lgsf;f u/]sf 5g\ . :jLs[t b/aGbL aflx/sf] tna eQf afkt cg'bfgaf6 vr{ n]Vg] sfo{df lgoGq0f
x'g'kb{5 .
42. df}Hbft kl/rfng – ul/aL Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ;fe]mbf/L ljsf; sf]ifdf /x]sf] /sd p2]Zo cg';f/
k|ltkmn k|fKt ug]{ If]qdf kl/rfng ug'{kb{5 . kf]v/f dxfgu/kflnsfn] ;fe]mbf/L ljsf; sf]ifdf ?=!
s/f]8 #& nfv p2]Zo cg';f/ kl/rfng gu/L df}Hbft /fv]sf] 5 . pQm /sd ;DalGwt sfo{df
kl/rfng ug'{kb{5 .
l;/xfsf] al/of/k6L ufpFkflnsfn] af9L kLl8tsf] nflu lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 k|fKt
u/]sf] /fxt ?=!# nfv @% xhf/ nlIft ju{df ljt/0f gu/L df}Hbftdf /fv]sf] 5 . p2]Zo cg';f/
nlIft ju{df df}Hbft /sd kl/rfng ug'{kb{5 .
458
:yfgLo tx
43. k'/fgf] df}Hbft lkmtf{ – /fHosf] ;+3Lo k'gM;+/rgfadf]lhd ;fljssf ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt tyf
gu/kflnsfx? xfnsf ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsfdf ;dflxt ePsf] cj:yfdf ;fljssf :yfgLo
lgsfodf /x]sf] df}Hbft ;DalGwt ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsfsf] ;l~rt sf]if lx;fadf ;fg'{kg]{df
jL/uGh dxfgu/kflnsfdf ;dflxt ePsf !! ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt / a]njf ufpFkflnsfsf] a}Í vftfdf
df}Hbft /x]sf] ?=&# nfv &@ xhf/ lkmtf{ NofO{ cfo n]vfÍg u/]sf] 5}g . /sd lkmtf{ lnO{ :yfgLo
;l~rt sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{kb{5 .
44. ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sfo{qmd – g]kfn ;/sf/n] Ho]i7 gful/s, ljwjf, k"0f{ ckfË, Psn dlxnf,
afnaflnsf, nf]kf]Gd'v÷cflbjf;L hghflt ;d]tnfO{ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 .
dGqfnon] pknAw u/fPsf] cfly{s ljj/0f cg';f/ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQfdf of] jif{ ?=#& ca{ $%
s/f]8 ## nfv (@ xhf/ vr{ ePsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDg 5g\ M
44.1. ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sfo{qmd ;~rfng sfo{ljlw, @)&@ cg';f/ clGtd ls:tfsf] k]:sL cfiff9 @% ut]leq
km5\of}{6 ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ ?=@) nfveGbf a9L k]:sL afFsL /xL km5\of}{6 gePsf] ;DaGwdf
gd"gf k/LIf0f ubf{ k|b]z g+=@ sf $) :yfgLo txn] ?=*$ s/f]8 !$ nfv ^@ xhf/, k|b]z g+=% sf !#
:yfgLo txn] ?=@$ s/f]8 @$ nfv (@ xhf/ / k|b]z gDa/ ! sf !$ :yfgLo txn] ?=!% s/f]8 $#
nfv @^ xhf/ k]:sL km5\of}{6 u/]sf 5}gg\ . ;f] afx]s d'u'sf] ;f? ufpFkflnsfn] ?=# s/f]8 ($ nfv
^* xhf/, afUn'Ësf] lg;Lvf]nf ufpFkflnsfn] ?=! s/f]8 #* nfv #& xhf/, ;Nofgsf] afurf}/
gu/kflnsffn] ?=** nfv !$ xhf/, hfh/sf]6sf] e]/L gu/kflnsfn] ?=#% nfv !^ xhf/ / eQmk'/sf]
;"o{ljgfos gu/kflnsfn] ?=@( nfv $^ xhf/ km5\of}{6 u/]sf 5}gg\ . tf]lsPsf] ;dodf kmfF6jf/L k];
u/L km5\of}{6 gu/fpg]nfO{ sf/afxL ug'{kb{5 .
44.2. ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf k|fKt ug]{sf] d"n clen]v / e/kfO{ k/LIf0f ubf{ nutdf gfd gePsf], d"n
nutdf ;+Vof gle8]sf], % jif{ pd]/ k'lu;s]sf blnt afnaflnsfsf] gfddf eQf ljt/0f ePsf],
clen]v;Fu le8fg ug{ g;lsg] u/L e/kfO{ k|fKt ePsf], bf]xf]/f] e'QmfgL ePsf] ;d]t $ :yfgLo txn]
?=@$ nfv *^ xhf/ / ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sfo{qmdtk{m nut gePsf, d[To' eO;s]sf, a;fO{ ;/]sf,
k]:sL nuL jiff{Gtdf vr{ geO{ afFsL /x]sf, a9L e'QmfgL ePsf] ;d]t :yfgLo tx !% n] c;'n u/L
;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{kg]{ ?=** nfv $) xhf/ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . clen]v le8fg gePsf]df
jf:tljs vr{ olsg ug'{kb{5 . a9L e'QmfgL ePsf] pQm /sd c;'n u/L ;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]ifdf
bflvnf x'g'kb{5 .
44.3. ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf ljt/0f ug{ nfeu|fxLsf] gfdgfd];L ;lxtsf] ljj/0f / cfb]z hf/L u/L r]s
;DalGwt a}ÍnfO{ pknAw u/fPsf]df ;DalGwt a}Íx?n] gfdgfd];L, eQf /sd tTsfn nfeu|fxLsf]
vftfdf hDdf gu/L nfeu|fxL a}Ídf pkl:yt ePkl5 dfq hDdf ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . ;fdflhs
;'/Iff eQf ljt/0f sfo{ljlw cg';f/ nfeu|fxL ls:tfsf] /sd lng gcfO{ afFsL ePsf] /sd a}Ín]
:yfgLo txnfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{df gu/]sf] ;d]t n]vfk/LIf0fsf] qmddf b]lvPsf] 5 . ;f] cg';f/ $
:yfgLo txdf lkmtf{ ug'{kg]{ ?=! s/f]8 (( nfv $! xhf/ lkmtf{ lnO{ ;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]ifdf bflvnf
ug'{kb{5 .
45. cfly{s ;xfotf – :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ df :yfgLo txsf] /sdaf6 cfly{s ;xfotf,
rGbf, k'/:sf/ Pj+ ;+:yfut cg'bfg ljt/0f ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf /x]sf] b]lv+b}g . :yfgLo tx ^( n] of]
jif{ ?=^ s/f]8 #! nfv @% xhf/ cfly{s ;xfotf ljt/0f u/]sf 5g\ . cfly{s ;xfotf vr{ n]Vg]
46. cfGtl/s cfo – :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf ^( df :yfgLo txn] p7fpg kfpg]
/fh:j tyf cfoaf6 k|fKt /sd :yfgLo ;l~rt sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . o; ;DaGwdf lgDg
Joxf]/f b]lvPsf 5g\ M
46.1. afUn'Ësf] a8Luf8{ ufpFkflnsfn] hl/jfgf ;d]t ?=^@ nfv, wflbËsf] lqk'/f;'Gb/L ufpFkflnsfn] ?=!!
nfv %& xhf/ / ?la EofnL ufpFkflnsfn] ?=! nfv !& xhf/, a}t8Lsf] e]nf}nL gu/kflnsfn] ?=#
459
:yfgLo tx
nfv @* xhf/ ;d]t ?=&* nfv @ xhf/ :yfgLo ;l~rt sf]ifdf bflvnf gu/L /fh:j ;Íng ug]{
sd{rf/Lsf] lhDdf /x]sf] 5 . pQm /sd cljnDa bflvnf u/fpg' kb{5 .
46.2. sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfn] xg'dfg 9f]sf b/af/ If]q k|j]z ug]{ ;fs{ /fi6«sf ko{6saf6 @)&$.&% df
k|ltJolQm ?=%)).– sf b/n] k|j]z z'Ns lng] cfly{s P]gdf Joj:yf u/]sf]df k|ltJolQm ?=!%).– dfq
k|j]z z'Ns c;'n u/]sf] 5 . of] jif{ pQm If]qdf k|j]z u/]sf @^ xhf/ ^#@ ko{6saf6 ?=(# nfv @!
xhf/ /fh:j 36L c;'n ePsf] 5 . To:t} sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf / Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLaLr 6fj/
kl/of]hgf lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfng ug{ @)&!.!!.@@ df ;Demf}tf eP cg'?k lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{
@)&#.$.#) b]lv % jif{leq lgdf{0f ;DkGg u/L #) jif{ ;~rfng ug{ lnhdf lbPsf] 5 . ;f] ;DaGwL
;Demf}tf nufotsf sfuhft n]vfk/LIf0fdf k]; ePg . lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] ;Demf}tfsf] zt{adf]lhd
@)&$.&% df lk|ldodsf ?kdf ?=(* nfv ## xhf/ / lnh hUuf afkt ?=&) nfv ;d]t ?=! s/f]8
^* nfv ## xhf/ /fh:j bflvnf ug'{kg]{df u/]sf] 5}g .
46.3. dxfgu/kflnsfn] cfsfz]k'n !@, uf]+ua'F a;kfs{, ef]6fxL6L ;a–j]sf] aSof}tf s/ ?=@ s/f]8 *! nfv
c;'n ug{ afFsL 5 . ;f]dWo] @)&$.&% sf] ?=! s/f]8 #! nfv ^) xhf/ /x]sf] 5 . 3/ axfntk{m
nutdf /x]sf #% s/ bftfn] @)&$.&% df ?=%! nfv !( xhf/ / 3/ hUuf s/tk{m @ ;+:yf Pj+ @$
s/bftfn] ?=! s/f]8 &^ nfv #( xhf/ /fh:j bflvnf u/]sf 5}gg\ .
46.4. sn}of pk–dxfgu/kflnsf, af/fn] cfGtl/s cfotk{m @) Joj;foLaf6 c;'n ug'{kg]{ ?=! s/f]8 !! nfv
@@ xhf/ c;'n u/]sf] 5}g .
/fh:jsf] nut cBfjlws gu/]sf] tyf aSof}tf s/ c;'nLtk{m kof{Kt Wofg glbPsf] cflb
sf/0faf6 :yfgLo txsf] cfGtl/s cfo ck]lIft ?kdf a9\g ;s]sf] b]lvPg . nut cBfjlws u/L
;Íng ug'{kg]{ tyf c;'n eO;s]sf] /fh:j :yfgLo ;l~rt sf]ifdf bflvnf x'g'kb{5 .
47. sNof0f sf]if – :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf (! adf]lhd cjsfz sf]if ;DaGwL
Joj:yf 5 . :yfgLo txn] :yfgLo ;]jfsf cfˆgf] b/aGbLdf sfo{/t k|To]s sd{rf/Ln] vfO{kfO{ cfPsf]
dfl;s tnaaf6 !) k|ltzt /sd s§f u/L ;f] /sd a/fa/n] x'g cfpg] /sd yk u/L hDdf ug'{kg]{
Joj:yf 5 . ljQLo ;dfgLs/0f cg'bfgaf6 %# :yfgLo txn] ?=!@ s/f]8 @& nfv ( xhf/ sd{rf/L
sNof0f sf]ifdf /sd 6«fG;km/ u/]sf 5g\ . ;Kt/Lsf] /fhlj/fh gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v k|zf;sLo
clws[tsf] Psn lg0f{oåf/f ljQLo ;dfgLs/0f cg'bfgaf6 ?=! s/f]8 $) nfv sd{rf/L sNof0f
sf]ifdf 6«fG;km/ u/]sf] 5 . P]gdf Joj:yf gu/L cg'bfgaf6 ;f]e}m sd{rf/L sNof0f sf]ifdf /sd
6«fG;km/ ug{ ldNg] gb]lvPsfn] pQm /sd lkmtf{ lnO{ :yfgLo txsf] ;l~rt sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
48. ;f]e}m vl/b – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf *-@_ cg';f/ vl/b k|lt:kwf{ l;ldt x'g] u/L k6s
k6s ;f]e}m vl/b ug{ ldNb}g . rfn' tyf k'FhLut ;DklQ vl/b sfo{df #)@ :yfgLo txn] k|lt:kwf{
gu/fO{ ;f]e}m vl/b sfo{df ?=@ ca{ % s/f]8 *$ nfv %@ xhf/ vr{ n]v]sf 5g\ . o;/L P]g lgod
ljk/Ltsf] vl/b sfo{df lgoGq0f x'g'kb{5 .
49. ut jif{sf] e'QmfgL – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod $) cg';f/ :jLs[t jflif{s
sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z ePsf] cj:yfdf dfq e'QmfgL lbg afFsLsf] sRrfjf/Ldf /x]sf] vr{ e'QmfgL ug{
;lsg]df sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z gePsf / e'QmfgL lbg afFsLsf] ljj/0f a]u/ ut jif{sf] bfloTj !))
:yfgLo txn] ?=!% s/f]8 *^ nfv %$ xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf 5g\ . e'QmfgL lbg] cfwf/ a]u/ vr{ ug{]
kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ o:tf] vr{df lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
50. ;jf/L;fwg vl/b – :yfgLo txn] vl/b u/]sf ;jf/L;fwg tyf df]6/;fOsn ;DaGwdf n]vfk/LIf0fsf]
qmddf gd"gf 5gf}6 u/L k/LIf0f ubf{ !&@ :yfgLo txn] @!) rf/ kfªu|] ;jf/L;fwg vl/b u/L ?=()
s/f]8 @^ nfv %# xhf/ / @@! :yfgLo txn] ! xhf/ !!* df]6/;fOsn vl/b u/L ?=@( s/f]8 !#
nfv *% xhf/ ;d]t ?=! ca{ !( s/f]8 $) nfv #* xhf/ vr{ u/]sf 5g\ . ;jf/L;fwg vl/b
gu/]sf :yfgLo txn] ef8fdf lnO{ ;jf/L;fwg k|of]u u/]sf] b]lvG5 . s]xL :yfgLo txn] cfGtl/s
cfoaf6 ;jf/L;fwg vl/b u/] tfklg clwsf+zn] ljQLo ;dfgLs/0f cg'bfg /sdaf6 vl/b u/]sf]n]
460
:yfgLo tx
ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{df vr{ ug'{kg]{df ;'ljwf tyf pkef]u;DaGwL sfo{df vr{ u/]sf] ;DaGwdf Wofg
lbg'kb{5 .
51. /sdfGt/ – :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf &( df sfo{kflnsfn] :jLs[t ah]6sf]
cwLgdf /xL s'g} zLif{saf6 k'FhLut zLif{sdf @% k|ltztdf ga9fO{ /sdfGt/ ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 .
DofUbLsf] cGgk"0f{ ufpFkflnsfn] * j8fdf ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] nflu 5'6\ofPsf] ?=$) nfv, ;jf/L;fwg,
sDKo'6/ vl/b, Ho]i7 gful/s sfo{qmd, ljljw Pj+ ejg lgdf{0fdf 5'6\ofPsf] ?=() nfv ;d]t ?=!
s/f]8 #) nfv /sdfGt/ u/L 8f]h/ vl/b u/]sf] 5 . To:t} afUn'Ësf] tf/fvf]nf ufpFkflnsfn]
k':tsfno :yfkgfsf] nflu 5'6\ofPsf] ?=% nfv /sdfGt/ u/L egf{ cleofg, z}lIfs Sofn]08/ tyf
a}7s eQfdf vr{ n]v]sf] 5 . af/fsf] ;'j0f{ ufpFkflnsfn] ?=^( nfv *) xhf/, jL/uGh
dxfgu/kflnsfn] ?=! s/f]8 %) nfv cGo sfo{qmddf /sdfGt/ u/]sf 5g\ . sfg'g ljk/Lt /sdfGt/
ug]{ sfo{df lgoGq0f x'g'kb{5 .
52. lgliqmo df}Hbft – ljlgof]lht /sd vr{ x'g] u/L ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd lglZrt ug'{kg]{df of]hgf tyf
sfo{qmd 5gf}6 u/] tfklg vr{ gx'g], ;Demf}tf eP tfklg sfo{ cufl8 ga9\g], k'FhLut vr{nfO{
k|fyldstf glbg] nufotsf sf/0faf6 x]6f}F8f pk–dxfgu/kflnsfn] ?=@& s/f]8 ! nfv, sf7df8f}+sf]
sfu]Zj/L dgf]x/f gu/kflnsfn] ?=@& s/f]8 %) nfv / uf]s0f]{Zj/ gu/kflnsfn] ?=!$ s/f]8 * nfv
vr{ gu/L df}Hbft /fv]sf 5g\ . lgliqmo df}Hbft /sd k'FhLut sfo{df kl/rfng ug'{kb{5 .
53. d"No clej[l4 s/ – d"No clej[l4 s/ ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDg 5g\ M
53.1. :yfgLo txx?n] cfo 7]Ssfdf d"No clej[l4 s/ c;'n ug'{kg]{df c;'n u/]sf 5}gg\ . x]6f}+8f pk–
dxfgu/kflnsfn] ;jf/L tyf kmf]xf]/ ;Íng 7]Ssfdf ?=$^ nfv @ xhf/ c;'n u/]sf] 5}g .
sfe|]knf~rf]ssf] d08gb]pk'/ gu/kflnsfn] Ps 7]Ssfdf ?=$@ nfv @! xhf/ c;'n u/]sf] 5}g eg]
cGo cfo 7]Ssfaf6 ;Íng u/L :yfgLo ;l~rt sf]ifdf /x]sf] d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=* nfv *! xhf/
;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]ifdf lkmtf{ u/]sf] 5}g . d"No clej[l4 s/ /sd c;'n tyf lkmtf{ bflvnf x'g'kb{5 .
53.2. d"No clej[l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ sf] bkmf !$ adf]lhd d"No clej[l4 s/df btf{ ePsf kmd{;Fu s/
jLhs lnO{ vl/b ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . s/ jLhs a]u/ ;fdfg vl/b u/L !#$ :yfgLo txn] ?=^ s/f]8
** nfv & xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] / d"No clej[l4 s/df btf{ gePsf] kmd{af6 !$% :yfgLo txn] ?=*
s/f]8 %( nfv ^) xhf/sf] vl/b u/]sf 5g\ . sfg'gsf] kfngf gu/L vl/b ug]{ sfo{df lgoGq0f
ug'{kb{5 .
53.3. ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod (&-$_ df pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ lgdf{0fsf] sfd lbFbf
nfut cg'dfgdf ;dfj]z ePsf] d"No clej[l4 s/, cf]e/x]]8, slG6h]G;L /sd / hg;xeflutfsf] c+z
s§f u/]/ dfq e'QmfgL lbg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ljleGg ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt dfk{mt sfd
u/fpFbf t]x|y'dsf] cf7/fO{ ufpFkflnsfn] ljleGg pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ nfut cg'dfgdf !$=(%
k|ltztn] d"No clej[l4 s/ ?=^% nfv ^^ xhf/ yk u/L ?=%% nfv *! xhf/, d]G5ofod
ufpFkflnsfn] ?=!) nfv #* xhf/, km]bfk ufpFkflnsfn] ?=#) nfv ^) xhf/, DofËn'ª gu/kflnsfn]
?=!% nfv ^^ xhf/ tyf Ko"7fgsf] P]/fjtL ufpFkflnsfn] ?=@@ nfv #& xhf/ ;d]t ?=! s/f]8 #$
nfv *@ xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf]n] pQm /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
54. hg>dbfg – pkef]Qmf ;ldlt dfk{mt sfo{ u/fpFbf hg;xeflutfsf] of]ubfg ;d]t u0fgf u/L nfut
cg'dfg tof/ ug'{kg]{ / ;f]xLadf]lhd pkef]Qmf ;ldlt;Fu ;Demf}tf u/L sfo{ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 .
bf]nvfsf] lau' ufpFkflnsfn] ?=$* nfv $! xhf/sf] sfo{df d]lzg k|of]u ePsf] cj:yfdf hg>dbfg
ug{ gkg]{ pNn]v u/L hg;xeflutf a]u/ sfo{ u/fPsf] 5 . sf7df8f}+sf] uf]s0f]{Zj/ gu/kflnsfn]
hg>dbfgsf] c+z % k|ltzt dfq x'g] u/L lg0f{o u/]sf] sf/0f @)&% h]7 @* kl5sf] sl/a ?=@)
s/f]8sf] lgdf{0fdf ?=# s/f]8 a/fa/ hg>dbfg k|fKt gu/]sf] cj:yf 5 . cGo *^ :yfgLo txn]
?=$) s/f]8 *( nfv ($ xhf/ a/fa/sf] sfo{df hg;xeflutf gh'6fO{ vr{ n]v]sf 5g\ . lgdf{0f

461
:yfgLo tx
sfo{df Go"gtd @) k|ltzt hg;xeflutf h'6fpg' kg]{df hg>dbfg gh'6\g' / :yfgLo txsf]
lg0f{oaf6 36L h'6fpg'n] ;+3Lo ;/sf/af6 k|fKt cg'bfgdf ef/ k/]sf] 5 .
55. pkef]Qmf ;ldlt – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod (& df pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL
;d'bfoaf6 sfd u/fpg ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] cfk"mn] lhDdf lnPsf] sfo{ 7]Ssfaf6
u/fpg ldNb}g . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDg 5g\ M
55.1. lrtjgsf] df8L gu/kflnsfn] ;8s sfnf]kq] ug]{ sfo{df ?=! s/f]8 ^* nfv (@ xhf/ ljleGg
pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . ejg lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu bf]nvfsf] j}t]Zj/ ufpFkflnsfn]
?=*) nfv ^( xhf/ / lju' ufpFkflnsfn] ?=^! nfv # xhf/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ e'QmfgL u/]sf 5g\ .
/fd]5fksf] ;'gfktL ufpFkflnsfn] ?=(( nfvsf] ljB'tLs/0fsf] sfo{nfO{ # Kofs]h agfO{ pkef]Qmf
;ldlt dfk{mt u/fPsf] 5 . ;f] sfo{sf] nflu pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] 7]Ssf nufO{ Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{
?=^$ nfv &@ xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . b}n]vsf] dxfa' ufpFkflnsfn] ljB'tLs/0f h:tf] hl6n
k|fljlws sfo{ ;d]t pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ lhDdf lbO{ ?=^) nfv e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . Onfdsf] ;Gbsk'/
ufpFkflnsfn] # j6f j8f ejg / sfof{no ejg lgdf{0f ug{ pkef]Qmf ;ldltx?nfO{ ?=! s/f]8 %)
nfv ** xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . hl6n lgdf{0f sfo{ ;d]t pkef]Qmf ;ldlt dfk{mt u/fpg'
lgod;Ddt\ b]lvPg .
55.2. k;f{sf] 7f]/L ufpFkflnsfn] # :yfgdf 8Lk af]l/Ë sfo{ ug{ ?=%& nfv (* xhf/sf] nfut cg'dfg
:jLs[t u/L pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ ?=%! nfv $% xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] pQm sfo{
Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLaf6 u/fPsf] 5 . hl6n k|s[ltsf] sfd pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ lbPsf] / pkef]Qmf
;ldltn] 7]Ssf dfk{mt sfd u/fPsf] lgod;Ddt\ b]lvPg .
55.3. sf:sLsf] cGgk"0f{ ufpFkflnsf / ?kf ufpFkflnsfn] % pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ sfdsf] lhDd]jf/L lbPsf]df
tL ;ldltn] 7]Ssf nufO{ % lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ ?=&% nfv @# xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf 5g\ . lj/f6gu/
dxfgu/kflnsfn] pkef]Qmf ;ldlt;Fu u/]sf ;Demf}tfdWo] ( pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] ?=%! nfv $$
xhf/sf] sfo{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLaf6 u/fPsf 5g\ . To:t} t]x|y'dsf] 5y/ ufpFkflnsfsf @! pkef]Qmf
;ldltn] ?=! s/f]8 %$ nfvsf] sfo{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLaf6 u/fPsf 5g\ . af/fsf] l;d|f}gu9
gu/kflnsfn] pkef]Qmf ;ldlt;Fu *!^ ld6/ ;8s sfnf]kq] ug{ ?=@% nfv $* xhf/df ;Demf}tf
u/]sf]df ! xhf/ @)) ld6/ u|fe]n lj5\ofO{ ?=@! nfv &# xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . pkef]Qmf
;ldltn] cfk"mn] k|fKt u/]sf] sfd vl/b lgodfjnL ljk/Lt 7]Ssf dfk{mt u/fPsf]df lgodfjnL cg';f/
sf/afxL ug'{kb{5 .
55.4. ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod (&-!_ df ?=! s/f]8 ?k}ofF;Dd nfut cg'dfg ePsf]
lgdf{0f sfo{ jf ;f];Fu ;DalGwt ;]jf pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfoaf6 u/fpg ;lsg] Joj:yf
5 . u9Lrf}/ ufpFkflnsf, h'Dnfn] ljBfno ejg lgdf{0fdf ?=! s/f]8 (( nfv ^( xhf/, a'6jn pk–
dxfgu/kflnsfn] ?=! s/f]8 dflysf @ ejg lgdf{0f sfo{, lj/f6gu/ dxfgu/kflnsfn] Ps jfrgfno
lgdf{0f sfo{df ?=! s/f]8 !& nfv ^) xhf/, eQmk'/ gu/kflnsfn] Ps k'n, Ps ax'p2]ZoLo ejg /
Ps dlGb/ dd{t tyf lgdf{0fsf] nflu ?=! s/f]8 dflysf] nfutsf # sfo{sf] nflu ?=!) s/f]8 %#
nfv &) xhf/, tftf]kfgL ufpFkflnsf, h'Dnfn] ! vfg]kfgL of]hgfdf ?=! s/f]8 !) nfv *% xhf/ /
Ps u|fdL0f ;8s of]hgfdf ?=! s/f]8 @) nfv &@ xhf/sf] nfut cg'dfg ePsf sfo{ ;d]t
pkef]Qmf ;ldlt;Fu ;Demf}tf u/L sfo{ u/fPsf 5g\ . uf}/fbx gu/kflnsf, emfkfn] ?=! s/f]8 !)
nfv, ljtf{df]8 gu/kflnsfn] ?=! s/f]8 # nfv, ;fNkfl;ln5f] ufpFkflnsf, ef]hk'/n] ?=! s/f]8 !@
nfvsf] nfut cg'dfg ePsf ejg tyf ;8s lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ ug{ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt;Fu ;Demf}tf u/]sf
5g\ . pkef]Qmf ;ldlt;Fu ?=! s/f]8eGbf a9Lsf] nfut cg'dfg u/L ;Demf}tf ug]{nfO{ hjfkmb]xL
agfpg'kb{5 .
55.5. pQm lgodfjnLdf pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] lhDdf lnPsf] sfddf 7"nf ef/L d]lzg k|of]u ug'{ k/]df k"j{
:jLs[lt lng'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] u/]sf lgdf{0f sfo{df ef/L d]lzg k|of]u u/L &&

462
:yfgLo tx
:yfgLo txn] ?=%( s/f]8 %& nfv &* xhf/ vr{ u/]sf 5g\ . sfg'gsf] Joj:yfadf]lhd sfo{ u/fpg
;DalGwt sd{rf/L tyf pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg' kb{5 .
55.6. pkef]Qmf ;ldltdfk{mt ;~rflnt of]hgfx?df ;Demf}tfeGbf 36L sfd ePsf]df cg'kflts lx;fan]
u0fgf u/L pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ e'QmfgL lbg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . of] jif{ pkef]Qmf ;ldltx?n] u/]sf]
sfdsf] cg'kfteGbf a9L x'g] u/L !! :yfgLo txn] ?=*) nfv &% xhf/ a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf 5g\ .
a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf] /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
55.7. :yfgLo :t/df /f]huf/L ;[hgf x'g] / nfeu|fxL ;d'bfo ;xefuL x'g] sfo{ dfq pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{
lhDdf lbg ;lsg] Joj:yf 5 . pkef]Qmfsf] of]ubfg g/xg] / /f]huf/L ;d]t ;[hgf gx'g] ;f]nf/ aQL
h8fg h:tf] sfo{ pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 u/fO{ wg'iff lhNnfsf] d'lvofk§L d';lg{of ufpFkflnsfn] ?=&*
nfv ^% xhf/, /f}tx6 lhNnfsf] b]jxL uf]gfxL gu/kflnsfn] ?=#* nfv *) xhf/, dxf]Q/L lhNnfsf
hn]Zj/, dg/fl;;jf, dl6xfgL, e+ufxf, an/f, cf}/xL / uf}zfnf gu/kflnsfn] ?=$ s/f]8 %# nfv $
xhf/, ;Kt/Lsf] lt/x't ufpFkflnsfn] ?=@@ nfv @# xhf/, af/fsf] b]jtfn ufpFkflnsfn] ?=%% nfv
@* xhf/, l;Gw'nLsf] lkmSsn ufpFkflnsfn] ?=!* nfv @% xhf/, a'9fgLns07 gu/kflnsf
sf7df8f}+n] ?=&& nfv, gjnk/f;Lsf] ;'gjn / /fdu|fd gu/kflnsfn] ?=(% nfv $! xhf/ ;d]t ?=*
s/f]8 #* nfv ^^ xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf 5g\ . :yfgLo :t/df /f]huf/L ;[hgf gx'g] / nfeu|fxL ;d'bfo
;xefuL gx'g] sfo{sf] nflu pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ e'QmfgL u/]sf] sfg'g;Ddt\ gb]lvPsf]n] lgoGq0f
x'g'kb{5 .
55.8. pkef]Qmf ;ldlt dfk{mt u/fPsf] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfgdf cf]e/x]8 ;dfj]z u/L e'QmfgL lbg
gldNg]df ?s'dsf] d';Lsf]6 gu/kflnsfn] ?=* nfv ^$ xhf/, kfNkfsf] /}gfb]jL 5x/f ufpFkflnsfn]
?=!% nfv *% xhf/, 88]Nw'/fsf] efu]Zj/ ufpFkflnsfn] ?=( nfv *^ xhf/ / Ko"7fgsf] ;?df/fgL
ufpFkflnsfn] ?=!# nfv $$ xhf/ ;d]t ?=$& nfv &( xhf/ cf]e/x]8 ;d]t yk u/L e'QmfgL u/]sf
5g\ . lgod ljk/Lt e'QmfgL ePsf] cf]e/x]8 /sd c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
55.9. dxfsfnL gu/kflnsf, s~rgk'/sf !) j8fdf ljB'tLs/0fsf] nflu cfjZos 6«fG;km/d/ vl/b sfo{
pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 u/fO{ ?=! s/f]8 @* nfv %@ xhf/ vr{ u/]sf] 5 . ;ldlt dfk{mt vl/b ePsf
#) yfg 6«fG;km/d/x?dWo] j8f g+=& / * df $ yfg afx]s cGo * j8fdf h8fg x'g'kg]{ @^ yfg
6«fG;km/d/ @)&%.(.!) ;Dd h8fg ePsf] 5}g .
55.10. kf;fª Nxfd' ufpFkflnsf, ;f]n'v'Da'n] # pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ af6f] tyf u'Daf lgdf{0fdf lan
e/kfO{eGbf ?=!& nfv ^@ xhf/ a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf]n] c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
56. gD;{eGbf a9L e'QmfgL – lgdf{0f sfo{df k|of]u ePsf] PS;fe]6/sf] ef8f tyf OGwgsf] /sd e'QmfgL
ubf{ gD;{adf]lhd e'QmfgL ug'{kb{5 . ljGbf;}gL gu/kflnsf b}n]vn] df6f] vGg] sfo{df k|of]u ePsf]
PS;fe]6/sf] ef8f k|lt306f tf]s]sf] b/eGbf ?=#* nfv $$ xhf/ a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . ?s'd
klZrdsf # gu/kflnsf / @ ufpFkflnsfn] PS;fe]6/ k|of]u u/L df6f] sf6\g] sfo{df gD;{n] tf]s]sf]
b/eGbf ?=! s/f]8 && nfv ^$ xhf/ a9L OGwg vr{ e'QmfgL u/]sf 5g\ . gD;{eGbf a9L e'QmfgL
/sd c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
To:t} tfKn]h'ªsf ( / d':tfªsf % :yfgLo txn] ljleGg of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nfut
cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ s+lqm6 9nfg -kL=;L=;L= !M@M$_ sfo{ tyf 9'Ëfsf] uf/f] nufpg] sfo{df cbIf
sfdbf/sf] ;+Vof a9L /fv]sf], kmdf{ 6]sfsf] sfo{df k|of]u x'g] sf7 ^ k6s k|of]u ug'{kg]{df # k6s
dfq k|of]u u/]sf], :6f]g ;f]lnª sfo{df km/s gD;{sf] k|of]u u/]sf] nufotsf sf/0faf6 qmdzM ?=%%
nfv ^% xhf/ / ?=!( nfv !# xhf/ yk Jooef/ kf/]sf 5g\ .
57. k|ltkmnljxLg vr{ – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @@ df k|ltkmn ;d]tsf] ljrf/
u/L of]hgf :jLs[t ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfn] Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu
/fgLkf]v/Lsf] k'gMlgdf{0f ug{ ?=^ s/f]8 @( nfvsf] ;Demf}tf u/L s+lqm6 ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug{ Ps
lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ ?=@ s/f]8 # nfv ** xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]kl5 pQm ;+/rgf eTsfpg] lg0f{o
463
:yfgLo tx
ePsf]n] ;f] vr{ k|ltkmnljxLg aGg k'u]sf] 5 . To:t} e"sDkaf6 Ifltu|:t afub/af/ ejg k|anLs/0f
-/]6«f]lkml6Ë\;_ ug{ Ps k/fdz{bftf;Fu ?=!@ nfv (% xhf/df ;Demf}tf eO{ ?=$ nfv #( xhf/
e'QmfgL u/]kl5 ejg eTsfO{ gofF lgdf{0f ug]{ lg0f{o u/L 7]Ssfk§f k|lqmof z'? u/]sf]n] k/fdz{ ;]jfdf
u/]sf] vr{ k|ltkmnljxLg aGg k'u]sf] 5 . of]hgf 5gf}6 ubf{ kof{Kt k"j{ cWoog u/L k|ltkmn k|fKt x'g]
sfo{df vr{ ug'{kb{5 .
58. cw'/f cfof]hgf – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod @^ cg';f/ of]hgfx?sf] ef}lts /
ljQLo kIfsf] ;fd'lxs ;dLIff ug'{kg]{ / o;/L ul/g] ;dLIffdf k|ult sd x'g'sf k|d'v sf/0fx? /
;f]sf] lgldQ lhDd]jf/ JolQmsf] klxrfg ug'{kg]{, To:tf] ;dLIffdf ;'wf/sf nflu rfNg' kg]{ sbdx? /
lhDd]jf/ JolQm pk/ ug'{kg]{ sf/afxL ;d]t pNn]v ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . nlntk'/ dxfgu/kflnsfn]
pknAw u/fPsf] ljj/0f cg';f/ @)&$.&% ;Ddsf vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{, ;8s, 9n, l;FrfO, ejg
dd{t, zf}rfno lgdf{0f, k"jf{wf/ dd{t nufotsf $!# lgdf{0f sfo{sf ?=%$ s/f]8 ^! nfv #&
xhf/sf cfof]hgf ;DkGg x'g g;sL cw'/f] /x]sf] 5 .
sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfn] @)&#.&$ ;Ddsf k"jf{wf/, ;f]nf/ / ;8s lj:tf/tk{m $#! of]hgf
lhDd]jf/L ;f/]sf]df of] jif{ @!& ;DkGg eO{ @!$ afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;DkGg x'g afFsL of]hgfdf ;Demf}tf
cg';f/ ?=%& s/f]8 #$ nfv (* xhf/ e'QmfgL ug{ afFsL 5 . of]hgf ;DkGg ug]{ cjlwdf sfo{;DkGg
gu/L o:tf of]hgf cfufdL jif{sf] nflu ;fg]{ u/]sf]n] sfo{ k|ult sdhf]/ /x]sf 5g\ . ;dodf k|ult
sd x'g'sf] sf/0f klxrfg u/L / lhDd]jf/ JolQm pk/ sf/afxL ;d]t u/L of]hgf ;DkGg ug'{kb{5 .
59. lgdf{0f :yn kl/jt{g – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf %$-!_ / -@_ df e]l/P;g ubf{ ;DalGwt
sfdsf] cfwf/e"t k|s[lt jf If]q kl/jt{g gx'g] u/L ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfn]
j8f g+=#$ sf] afuwf/f–9'Ë]wf/f ;8s / j8f g+=#% sf] z'esfdgf dfu{sf] ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{
?=*( nfv &$ xhf/df ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df pQm :yfgdf cGo lgsfoaf6 sfo{ u/]sf]n] ;f] ;Demf}tfsf]
sfo{ cGo :yfgdf u/fO{ ?=*( nfv &) xhf/ e'QmfgL ePsf] 5 . o;/L cGo :yfgdf sfo{ u/fpFbf
pQm :yfgsf] cfjZostf klxrfg, ;DefJotf cWoog, lj:t[t ;e]{If0f, l8hfO{g tyf nfut cg'dfg
:jLs[t u/]sf] b]lv+b}g . lgdf{0f :yn kl/jt{g ug]{ sfo{ sfg'g;Ddt\ b]lvPg .
60. k]mjftfn ;+/If0f – kf]v/f dxfgu/kflnsfn] pknAw u/fPsf] ljj/0fdf ;g\ !(%& sf] gfkLdf
k]mjftfnsf] If]qkmn @@ xhf/ /f]kgL ePsf]df ;g\ @))) df ( xhf/ (%% /f]kgL /x]sf] lyof] .
e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf ljefun] k|sfzg u/]sf] ljj/0f cg';f/ dxfgu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+=^ lsQf
g+=@(& df k]mjftfnsf] If]qkmn * xhf/ &)* /f]kgL /x]sf] pNn]v 5 . k]mjftfnsf] If]qkmn krf;
jif{df ^) k|ltztn] 36]sf] cj:yf 5 . k]mjftfn cltqmd0f ePsf] ;DaGwdf ut jif{ sfo{d"ns
n]vfk/LIf0f u/L lj:t[t ?kdf pNn]v ul/Psf]df xfn;Dd ;'wf/ ePsf] b]lvPg .
61. 36L c;'nL – :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf ^$ adf]lhd ko{6g z'Nssf] b/ k|b]z
sfg'gadf]lhd lgwf{/0f / ;Íng ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . ko{6g z'Ns p7fpg] ;DaGwdf k|b]zaf6 sfg'gL
Joj:yf eO;s]sf] 5}g . cfly{s P]g, @)&$ cg';f/ v'Da' kf;fªNxfd' ufpFkflnsf, ;f]n'v'Da'n]
k|ltko{6s k|j]z z'Ns ?=@ xhf/sf b/n] of] jif{ ?=( s/f]8 *$ nfv %% xhf/ cfDbfgL u/]sf] 5 .
k|b]z sfg'gsf] cfwf/df ko{6g k|j]z z'Ns lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
z'Snfu08sL gu/kflnsf tgx'Fsf] cfly{s P]g, @)&$ cg';f/ k|fs[lts ;fwgsf] pkof]usf] s/
cGtu{t 9'Ëf, lu§L, afn'jf k|lt3gld6/ ?=!@).– sf b/n] nufpg' kg]{df gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf]
@)&$.&.!) sf] lg0f{oaf6 k|lt3gld6/ ?=!)).– sf b/n] /fh:j c;'n u/]sf]n] ?=#( nfv @@ xhf/
gf]S;fgL k/]sf] b]lvof] . cfly{s P]gdf plNnlvt b//]6 sfo{kflnsfn] ;+zf]wg ug{ ldNg] gb]lvPsf]n]
o:tf] sfo{ lgoGq0f x'g'kb{5 .
62. e'QmfgLdf s/ – cfos/ P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf ** / *( df e'QmfgLdf clu|d s/ s§f ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf
5 . of] jif{ ljleGg :yfgLo txn] lgodfg';f/ e'QmfgLdf s§L ug'{kg]{ cfos/ / axfn s/ ?=!* s/f]8
^ nfv ^ xhf/ s§L gu/]sf]n] pQm s/ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
464
:yfgLo tx
63. a9L tna – :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf ** / ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g
dGqfnosf] @)&).#.!( sf] kl/kqadf]lhd :yfgLo txsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;'ljwf g]kfn ;/sf/n]
tf]s]adf]lhd vr{ n]Vg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . P]g tyf kl/kq ljk/Lt sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfn] ^)
sd{rf/LnfO{ ?=@) nfv !% xhf/, nlntk'/ dxfgu/kflnsfn] !% sd{rf/LnfO{ ?=^ nfv %^ xhf/,
kf]v/f dxfgu/kflnsfn] & sd{rf/LnfO{ ! nfv *$ xhf/ / sLlt{k'/ gu/kflnsfn] @ sd{rf/LnfO{
?=%% xhf/ ;d]t a9L tna ?=@( nfv !) xhf/ vr{ n]v]sf 5g\ . pQm /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
64. cg'bfg – :yfgLo txx?n] s[lif, kz', z}lIfs ;]jf, ;fdfg vl/b tyf ljleGg ;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{
aLpk'FhL tyf cg'bfg pknAw u/fPsf 5g\ . cg'bfg ;DaGwdf k|To]s txn] cg'bfg gLlt to u/]sf
5}gg\ . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDg 5g\ M
64.1. uNofª gu/kflnsf, :ofËhfn] !! b'Uw pTkfbg ;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ d]lzg/L cf}hf/ / Ps ;xsf/L
;+:yfnfO{ d]lzg/L tyf jLdf ;d]tsf] nflu ?=! s/f]8 !) nfv cg'bfg pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . pQm
sfo{df nfut ;fe]mbf/L ckgfPsf] 5}g . vl/b ePsf ;DklQsf] ckgTj, nfut ;fe]mbf/L / b"wsf] d"No
lgwf{/0f ;d]t gu/]sf] cj:yfdf tL ;+:yfaf6 pkef]Qmf k|ltsf] hjfkmb]lxtf d"NofÍg ug{ ;"rs tof/
ug'{kb{5 . To:t} /Def ufpFkflnsf, kfNkfn] Ps ;xsf/LnfO{ ?=& nfv / j}hgfy ufpFkflnsf afFs]n] %
;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ ?=@% nfv cg'bfg lbPsf]df cg'bfgsf] cg'udg / pknlAw ljZn]if0f u/]sf 5}gg\ .
64.2. lzv/k'/ gu/kflnsf, 8f]6Ln] lghL tyf gfkmfd"ns b'O{ lghL sDkgLnfO{ ¥oflˆ6Ë af]6 vl/b tyf
z}lIfs ;]jf afkt ?=* nfv cg'bfg lbPsf] 5 . gfkmfd"ns lghL ;+:yfnfO{ lbPsf] cg'bfg lkmtf{ u/L
:yfgLo ;l~rt sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
64.3. gfkmf sdfpg] p2]Zon] :yflkt ;+:yfnfO{ cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg ldNb}g . Onfdsf] ;Gbsk'/
ufpFkflnsfn] l;4kf]v/L lrof pTkfbg ;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ lrof k|zf]wg sf/vfgf lgdf0f{sf] nflu ?=!)
nfv, /f]Ë ufpFkflnsfn] # ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ejg lgdf{0f, kmlg{r/ vl/b tyf 3]/faf/f lgdf{0f ug{ ?=*
nfv $% xhf/ / ;"of]{bo gu/kflnsfn] @ dlxnf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ejg lgdf{0f ug{ ?=@ nfv %)
xhf/, km]bfk ufpFkflnsf t]x|y'dn] @ ;xsf/Lsf] ejg lgdf{0f tyf kmlg{r/ vl/b ug{ ?=!@ nfv #%
xhf/ / pbok'/sf] lqo'uf gu/kflnsfn] !) ;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ sfof{no Joj:yfkgsf nflu ?=9 nfv
cg'bfg pknAw u/fPsf 5g\ . gful/snfO{ k|ToIf nfe k'Ug] of]hgf 5gf}6 u/L ;~rfng ug'{kg]{df
;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ cg'bfg pknAw u/fPsf] lgod;Ddt\ b]lvPg .
64.4. jflnË gu/kflnsf, :ofª\hfn] s[lif tyf kz' Joj;fo k|a4{g u/L cfo cfh{g ug]{ p2]Zon] &%
ls;fgnfO{ ?=%# nfv %) xhf/ aLp k'h F Lsf] nflu /sd pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . cfo cfh{gdf k|fKt
pknlAwsf] d"NofÍg u/L # ls:tfdf /sd lkmtf{ lng] u/L k'FhL pknAw u/fPsf]df lkmtf{ ug]{ cjlw
lglZrt u/]sf] 5}g . To:t} j}hgfy ufpFkflnsf, afFs]n] o'jf :j/f]huf/ 3'DtL sf]if ;~rfng afkt Ps
;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{ ^ dlxgfdf $) k|ltzt / ! jif{df ^) k|ltztn] x'g] ;fFjf lkmtf{ x'g] u/L ?=$)
nfv pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . /sd pknAw u/fpg] gLlt, dfkb08, sfo{ljlw / nfeu|fxL 5gf}6sf] cfwf/
gv'nfO{ /sd pknAw u/fPsf] plrt b]lvPg .
65. p7\g afFsL /fh:j – lgwf{/0f ePsf / ;Demf}tfdf to u/]sf p7\g afFsL /sdx? ;Demf}tfsf]
zt{cg';f/ ;doleq k|fKt ug'{kb{5 . o; ;DaGwL Joxf]/f lgDg 5g\ M
65.1. sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfn] lkmtf{ x'g afFsL w/f}6Laf6 ljleGg JolQm tyf ;+:yfnfO{ lbPsf] ;fk6L ?=@
s/f]8 !! nfv, lj/f6gu/ dxfgu/kflnsfn] z'Ns, s/, ef8f nufot ?=& s/f]8 %# nfv (& xhf/,
nlntk'/ dxfgu/kflnsfn] z'Ns, s/, ef8f cflbdf ?=% s/f]8 !! nfv @^ xhf/, / kf]v/f
dxfgu/kflnsfn] ;jf/L kfls{Ë z'Ns, ;6/ ef8f, PsLs[t ;DklQ s/, lgsf;L s/ cflb ?=# s/f]8 &!
nfv $^ xhf/ c;'n ug{ afFsL /x]sf] 5 .
65.2. e/tk'/ dxfgu/kflnsfn] ut jif{;Ddsf] aSof}tf /fh:j ?=$) nfv #& xhf/, jL/uGh
dxfgu/kflnsfn], cfo 7]Ssf, ;DklQ s/, k;n sjn axfn cflb ?=@% s/f]8 (! nfv !& xhf/,
465
:yfgLo tx
hgsk'/ dxfgu/kflnsf, wg'iffn] cfo 7]Ssfsf] ?=%@ nfv, x]6f}+8f gu/kflnsfn] ejg tyf zf}rfno
7]Ssf ef8f / kmf]xf]/hGo kbfy{ 7]Ssfsf] ?=$# nfv &% xhf/, s~rgk'/sf] a]nf}/L gu/kflnsfn] ?=@$
nfv !@ xhf/, ledbQ gu/kflnsfn] cfo 7]Ssf ?=!@ nfv @@ xhf/ / uf}zfnf gu/kflnsf,
dxf]Q/Ln] cfo 7]Ssfsf] ?=@! nfv && xhf/ c;'n u/]sf 5}gg\ .
plNnlvt p7\g afFsL /sd c;'n u/L :yfgLo ;l~rt sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
66. sfd ;DkGg gu/L 5f8]sf] – /flS;/fª ufpFkflnsf, dsjfgk'/n] @ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt;Fu ;8s lgdf{0f
ug{ ?=! s/f]8 $) nfv $( xhf/df @)&$.!@.#) leq ;DkGg ug]{ u/L ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df ?=*! nfv
%) xhf/ e'QmfgL ePkl5 pkef]Qmfn] aLr}df 5f8]sf]n] ;Demf}tf tf]8]sf] 5 . afFsL sfo{sf] cj:yf
lglZrt gu/]sf] / pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ sf/afxL u/]sf] klg b]lvPg .
67. lx;fa ldnfg – sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfn] cGt/ ljefu lx;fa ldnfgsf] clen]v b'?:t gu/L
jiff}{b]lv C0ffTds df}Hbft b]vfpFb} cfPsf] 5 . ldnfg gu/]sf] cGt/ ljefu lx;fadf Ho]i7 gful/s,
k'FhLut / dd{t sf]iftk{m ?=%% s/f]8 #) nfv ^) xhf/ C0ffTds df}Hbft jf;nftdf b]vfPsf] 5 .
lx;fa ldnfg ug{ afFsL /sd ?=@ ca{ $^ s/f]8 $( nfv %@ xhf/ /x]sf] 5 . pQm /sdsf] lx;fa
ldnfg x'g'kb{5 .
68. C0ffTds lx;fa – sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfn] q]ml86df /xg' kg]{ hu]8f sf]if ?=^ s/f]8 *& nfv !!
xhf/ 8]lj6 df}Hbft b]vfPsf], ;fwf/0f :6f];{tk{m ?=! s/f]8 &$ nfv %# xhf/ C0ffTds df}Hbft
b]vfPsf], a}Í df}Hbfttk{m ^ vftfsf] ?=@ s/f]8 #% nfv &# xhf/ C0ffTds b]vfPsf]n]
dxfgu/kflnsfn] k]; u/]sf] ljQLo ljj/0fn] oyfy{ glthf k|:t't u/]sf] 5}g . C0ffTds lx;fa
;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L lx;fa ldnfg ug'{kb{5 .
69. cg'Tkfbs Pj+ ljt/0fd'vL vr{ – :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf &^ adf]lhd vr{sf]
juL{s/0fadf]lhd gf]S;fgL, Jooef/, cg'Tkfbs / ljt/0fd'vL vr{nfO{ lgoGq0f u/L cfo–Joo ;DaGwL
sf/f]af/sf] n]vf lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s /fVg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . vr{sf] juL{s/0f tyf JofVof ljk/Lt @@ :yfgLo
txn] xf]d 6\o"zg, lghL cfjf; dd{t, ;/sf/L ;fdfg lghL cfjf;df k|of]u, JolQmut Ifltsf] cg'bfg,
clws dd{t, c;DalGwt cfly{s ;xfotf, ;8s gk'u]sf] :yfgdf ;jf/L vl/b, cg'bfgaf6 afx\o
e|d0f, df]6/;fOsn rfns vr{, OGwgsf] lghL k|of]u, ah]6 efif0fdf kfl/>lds, lkslgs nufotsf
ljt/0fd'vL tyf cg'Tkfbs vr{ afkt ?=! s/f]8 %! nfv *# xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf 5g\ . ljt/0fd'vL
tyf cg'Tkfbs vr{ lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
70. gub tyf 36L a}Í df}Hbft – cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% df n]vf bflvnf, lhDd]jf/L tyf
hjfkmb]lxtfsf] kfngf gug]{nfO{ sf/afxL ug]{ pNn]v 5 . nlntk'/ dxfgu/kflnsfn] cfly{s jif{sf]
cGTo;Dd a}Í bflvnf gu/L ?=& s/f]8 ^$ nfv !* xhf/ gub df}Hbft b]vfPsf] 5 . To:t}
sfof{nosf] ;|]:tf cg';f/ b]lvPsf] a}Í df}HbfteGbf ?=^ s/f]8 & nfv %! xhf/ a}Ídf 36L df}Hbft
/x]sf] 5 . To:t} *@ :yfgLo txn] ?=$( s/f]8 (@ nfv *$ xhf/ lx;fadf 36L lhDd]jf/L ;f/]sf
5g\ . a}Í df}Hbft 36L /x]sf] tyf gub /sd ;dodf a}Í bflvnf gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L
lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/LnfO{ hjfkmb]xL agfpg'kb{5 . P]gsf] kfngf gug]{nfO{ sf/afxL ;d]t ug'{kb{5 .
71. nufgL – :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf !! adf]lhd :yfgLo txn] Ps d]ufjf6;Ddsf
hnljB't cfof]hgf ;DaGwL :yfgLo :t/sf] gLlt, sfg'g, dfkb08, of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog, ljt/0f
k|0ffnL, cg'udg / lgodg ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf Joxf]/f lgDg 5g\ M
71.1. v'Da' kf;fª Nxfd' ufpFkflnsf, ;f]n'v'Da'n] @)) lsnf]jf6 Ifdtfsf] Ps hnljB't cfof]hgfsf]
;+:yfks ;]o/df ?=(% nfv nufgL u/]sf] 5 . nufgLsf] nfut nfesf] ljZn]if0f gu/]sf] / ;]o/
k|df0fkq;d]t k|fKt u/]sf] 5}g .
71.2. lnv' lks] ufpFkflnsf, ;f]n'v'Da'n] OghL{ ;DaGwL sf/f]af/ ug]{ Ps lghL sDkgLn] laq]mtfsf] b:tvt
gePsf] 9'jfgL ;d]tsf] ljB'tLo ;fdfg vl/bsf] lan ?=@$ nfvdWo] ?=@@ nfv Ps xfO8«f]kfj/
466
:yfgLo tx
sDkgLnfO{ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . ;f]xL ufpFkflnsfn] ljutdf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltaf6 pQm sDkgLnfO{
u/]sf] nufgL lx;fanfO{ ;l~rt sf]ifsf] cfo–Joodf ;dfj]z ;d]t u/]sf] 5}g . pQm lansf] ;DaGwdf
5fglag x'g'kg]{ / nufgLnfO{ ;l~rt sf]ifsf] lx;fadf cBfjlws ug'{kb{5 .
71.3. ltKnL ufpFkflnsf, pbok'/ cGtu{t ?=%) nfv (# xhf/sf] nfut cg'dfgdf !% lsnf]jf6 Ifdtfsf]
ljB't pTkfbg ug{ g'g]v vf]nf n3' pBd pkef]Qmf ;ldlt / Ps lghL OghL{ sDkgLaLr ePsf]
;Demf}tfdf s'n nfutdWo] j}slNks phf{ k|a4{g s]Gb|n] #*=() k|ltzt, sDkgLsf] OlSj6L $!=!)
k|ltzt, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt pbok'/n] !) k|ltzt / ltKnL ufpFkflnsfn] !) k|ltzt Joxf]g]{ pNn]v
5 . ;Demf}tf cg';f/ ufpFkflnsfn] ?=% nfv ( xhf/ Joxf]g'{ kg]{df ?=!) nfv @) xhf/ e'QmfgL
u/]sf]n] a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf] ?=% nfv !! xhf/ lkmtf{ lnO{ :yfgLo ;l~rt sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
71.4. vTof8 ufpFkflnsf, d'u'n] Ps ;xsf/L ;+:yfdfk{mt Ps hnljB't cfof]hgfdf ?=@ s/f]8 nufgL
u/]sf]df k|ltkmn k|flKtsf] cfwf/ v'nfPsf] 5}g . sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfn] ?=!% s/f]8 / nlntk'/sf]
uf]bfj/L gu/kflnsfn] ?=!) nfv ;femf oftfoftdf nufgL u/]sf 5g\ . nufgLaf6 k|ltkmn k|fKt
u/]sf] b]lvPg . sf7df8f}+ pkTosf cGtu{tsf :yfgLo txx?n] ! xhf/ * ;o &) lsQf ;]o/
k|ltlsQf ?=!)).– n] ?=! nfv *& xhf/ sf7df8f}+ pkTosf vfg]kfgL lnld6]8df nufgL u/]sf]df
;f]sf] ;]o/ k|df0f kq k|fKt u/]sf 5}gg\ .
bL3{sfn;Dd sfod /xg] nufgLnfO{ ;l~rt sf]ifdf gb]vfpg], nfut nfesf] ljZn]if0f gug]{,
nfesf] lx:;]bf/LnfO{ ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v gug]{, ;Demf}tfsf sfuhft ;'/lIft / e/kbf]{ g/fVg], ;]o/
k|df0f kq glng], nufgL ;DaGwdf :yfgLo dfkb08, gLlt / sfg'g gagfpg] cflb Joxf]/f b]lvPsf]df
o;df ;'wf/ x'g'kb{5 .
72. s]a'nsf/ ;~rfng cg'dlt – tfKn]hª' sf] k'mªlnª gu/kflnsfsf] @)&$.$.!^ / !& ut]sf] k|yd
gu/;efaf6 j8f g+= !! df kg]{ sfkm\n]kf6L b]lv kfyLe/f dlGb/;Dd s]a'nsf/ lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfng
ug{ Ps lghL s]a'nsf/ sDkgLnfO{ cg'dlt lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf] sl/a !) dlxgfkl5 . gu/
sfo{kflnsfn] @)&%.@.^ df s]a'nsf/ ;~rfng cg'dlt;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&% kfl/t u/]sf] b]lvof] .
pQm sDkgLn] @)&%.@.( df cg'dlt dfu u/]sf]df sfo{kflnsfn] @)&%.@.!# sf] lg0f{ocg';f/
;~rfng b:t'/ ?=!@ nfv k|fKt u/L @)&%.@.!$ df lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfngsf] cg'dltkq hf/L u/]sf]
5 . s]a'nsf/ ;~rfng sfo{ljlw cg';f/ z'?df $) jif{sf] nflu / gjLs/0f u/L yk $) jif{;d]t
*) jif{sf nflu cg'dlt k|bfg u/] tfklg ljlwjt\ ;Demf}tf u/]sf] b]lvPg . pQm sfo{ljlw :yfgLo
/fhkqdf k|sfzg;d]t ePsf] b]lvPg .
of]hgf ;~rfngsf] k|lqmof, Joj:yfkg / lgodgsf] If]qflwsf/, k'FhL nufgL ;+/rgf / o;sf]
df]8]n, jftfj/0fLo, wfld{s tyf ;f+:s[lts kIf / To;sf] ;+/If0f tyf of]hgf ;~rfngaf6 g]kfn
;/sf/ tyf gu/kflnsfnfO{ k|fKt x'g] /f]oN6L tyf cGo nfesf] afF8kmfF8nufot cGt/ lgsfo ;dGjo
;d]tsf ljifodf lg0f{o / ljZn]if0f;d]t gu/L cg'dlt lbPsf] 5 . s]a'nsf/ lgdf{0f / ;~rfng
cg'dltkqsf] k|lqmof kf/bzL{ / k|lt:kwL{ b]lvPg .
73. /sd d:of}6 – cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf @^ adf]lhd ;/sf/L /sd b'?kof]u Pj+ d:of}6
ePdf d:of}6 ug]{ pk/ k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd sf/afxL u/L ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'n pk/ ug]{ tyf
ljefuLo sf/afxL ;d]t ug]{ pNn]v 5 . s6f/L gu/kflnsf, pbok'/sf n]vf clws[tn] ;fdflhs
;'/Iff eQf ljt/0f ug{ a}Í vftfdf :yfgLo ;l~rt sf]ifaf6 ?=^^ s/f]8 @* nfv #& xhf/ 6«fG;km/
ug]{ l;nl;nfdf b'O{ r]saf6 ?=# s/f]8 (* nfv #& xhf/ cfˆgf] a}Í vftfdf 6«fG;km/ u/]sf] b]lvof] .
d:of}6 u/]sf] pQm /sdnfO{ sfof{non] cfly{s clgoldttf vr{ zLif{s sfod u/L vr{ n]vfÍg u/]sf]
5 . cfly{s clgoldttf Pj+ d:of}6 u/]sf] /sd k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd ljefuLo sf/afxL ;d]t u/L
lghaf6 c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
74. sfo{ If]q aflx/sf] vr{ – :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ adf]lhd cfˆgf] ef}uf]lns If]qleq
/x]sf] rf/ lsNnfsf] cfwf/df ljsf; lgdf{0f tyf ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ ;an, r':t Pj+ jflif{s sfo{qmd
467
:yfgLo tx
cg';f/ ah]6sf] Joj:yfkg u/L vr{ ug'{kb{5 . dxfs'n'ª ufpFkflnsf, ;f]n'v'Da'n] sf7df8f}+sf]
uf]s0f]{Zj/ gu/kflnsf j8f g+=# l:yt s'n'ª u';vo ejg lgdf{0f ug{ ?=!! nfv (! xhf/df ;Demf}tf
u/L ?=( nfv ^) xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf] b]lvof] . ufpFkflnsfsf] ef}uf]lns If]q aflx/ vr{ ug{ ldNg]
b]lvPg .
75. ;|f]t ;'lglZrttf – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod ^ df ah]6sf] ;'lglZrttf geO{
vl/b sf/afxL z'? ug{ gx'g] Joj:yf 5 . w/fg pk–dxfgu/kflnsf, ;'g;/Ln] @)&$.&% df ;Demf}tf
ePsf of]hgfdWo] &) of]hgfsf] nflu cfufdL jif{ ?=!# s/f]8 bfloTj ;g]{ u/L vl/b ;Demf}tf u/]sf]
5 . xl/gu/f ufpFkflnsf, ;'g;/Ln] & :yfgsf] @& lsnf]ld6/ ;8s c:kmfN6 ljlwaf6 sfnf]kq] sfo{
ug{ ?=%^ s/f]8 #( nfv ^# xhf/sf] @% dlxgfleq sfo{;DkGg ug]{ u/L ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 .
ufpFkflnsfn] oftfoft u'?of]hgf tof/ gu/]sf] / # jif{leq vr{ ug{ tof/ u/]sf] vfsfadf]lhd ?=!)
s/f]8 ah]6 Go"g x'g] cf+sng u/]sf] 5 . ah]6 ;'lglZrttf a]u/ of]hgf 5gf}6 / ;Demf}tf ug{ sfo{df
;'wf/ x'g'kb{5 .
76. ;L=Pkm=Pn= lrd vl/b – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !! adf]lhd vl/b ug]{
;fdfgsf] :k]lzlkms]zg cg';f/ nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug]{ / lgod #! df ?=@) nfv ?k}ofFeGbf a9Lsf]
vl/b sfo{ ubf{ af]nkqsf] dfWodaf6 ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . O6x/L gu/kflnsfn] nfut cg'dfg tof/
gu/L ?=% nfv ?k}ofFeGbf 36Lsf @) yfg lanaf6 of] jif{ ?=(& nfv #) xhf/sf] ;L=Pkm=Pn= rLd
vl/b u/]sf] 5 . ut jif{ af]nkqsf] dfWod Pj+ ;f]e}m vl/b u/]sf] ;L=Pkm=Pn=rLdsf] e'QmfgL ug{
afFsL ?=(! nfv %& xhf/ ;d]t ?=! s/f]8 ** nfv *& xhf/ of] jif{ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . nfut
cg'dfg / k|lt:kwf{Tds vl/b k|lqmof cjnDag gu/L vl/b ug]{nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
77. vr{ k'i6\ofOF – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #^-#_ df vr{ ubf{ vr{sf] lan e/kfO{
;lxt n]vf /fVg'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . b"wkf]v/L ufpFkflnsf, nDh'ªcGtu{t Ps pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] vl/b
u/]sf] ?=#^ nfv ! xhf/sf Knfli6s kf]v/L lgdf{0f Pj+ uf]7 ;'wf/sf ;fdfg pkof]u gePsf],
s6xl/of gu/kflnsf, /f}tx6n] ?=!! nfv @% xhf/df vl/b u/]sf] l;/s ljt/0f u/]sf] clen]v
/fv]sf] 5}g . b'uf{ eujtL ufpFkflnsf, /f}tx6n] ?=!# nfv (* xhf/ d"Nosf @)) yfg ;fOsn vl/b
u/L df}Hbftdf /fv]sf] 5 . d'lvofk§L d';gL{of ufpFkflnsf, wg'iffn] 8'Ëf lgdf{0f ug{ Ps ;Mldnaf6
?=$ nfv (^ xhf/sf] sf7 vl/b u/]sf]df 8'Ëf tof/ ePsf] b]lvPg .
To:t} ;'vLk'/ gu/kflnsf, l;/xfn] %% kfgL tfGg] df]6/ kDk ?=@* nfv *! xhf/df vl/b
u/L j8f cWoIfnfO{ a'emfPsf]df ls;fgnfO{ a'emfPsf] clen]v k]; gu/]sf], sn}of pk–dxfgu/kflnsf,
af/fn] b}jL k|sf]ksf] sf/0f hgfO{ ?=#& nfv *% xhf/ d"Nosf sDan vl/b u/]sf]df ljt/0fsf] k|df0f
k]; u/]sf] 5}g . vf]6fªsf] xn];L t'jfr'ª gu/kflnsfn] ljB'tLo ;fdfg vl/b u/L Ps cfk"t{snfO{ ?=!
s/f]8 () nfv e'QmfgL u/]sf]df 7]Ssf;DaGwL af]nkq d"NofÍg, 5gf}6, b/ ljZn]if0f, nfut cg'dfg,
l8hfOg, sfo{;DkGg k|ltj]bg, ;fdfg k|flKt tyf h8fg ;DaGwL clen]v k]; u/]sf] 5}g . ctM vr{
ubf{ cfjZos lan e/kfO{ ;+nUg gug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
78. a9L e'QmfgL – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !) df lgdf{0f sfo{sf] b/ ljZn]if0f ;lxt
nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{kb{5 . ;f] sfo{sf] nflu :jLs[t u/]sf] lxdfnL ufpFkflnsf, afh'/fn] s0ff{nL
/f]huf/ sfo{qmd cGtu{t e]8]d"nb]lv lzjd\ vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf lgdf{0f pkef]Qmf ;ldlt;Fu ?=! s/f]8
@% nfv ^* xhf/ nfut cg'dfgsf] sfo{ ug{ ;Demf}tf u/]sf] 5 . pQm ;Demf}tf lgodfjnLsf] lgod
(& ljk/Lt /x]sf] 5 . b//]6 ljZn]if0f cg';f/ sf]N6Lb]lv ;fO6;Dd dflg;, vRr/af6 9'jfgL ubf{ k|lt
s]=hL= ?=@%.– pNn]v u/]sf]df gfkL tyf sfo{;DkGgdf k|lt s]=hL= ?=!)).– 9'jfgL vr{ /fvL
sfo{;DkGg tof/ u/]sf]n] #) xhf/ !^) s]=hL=sf] 9'jfgL vr{ ?=@@ nfv ^@ xhf/ a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf]
/sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
To:t} tfKn]h'ª lhNnfsf ( :yfgLo txn] ljleGg cfO6dsf] :jLs[t lhNnf b/eGbf a9L tyf
b/ ljZn]if0faf6 sfod ePeGbf a9L b/af6 pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ ?=&) nfv @ xhf/ a9L e'QmfgL
u/]sf]n] pQm /sd c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
468
:yfgLo tx
79. e'QmfgL /f]Ssf – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #^ df vr{ ubf{ k|dfl0ft lan
e/kfO{sf] cfwf/df vr{ ug'{kg]{ / ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@# df jf:tljs sfo{
;Dkfbgsf] cfwf/df /lgª lan tyf jLhssf] e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . aemfªsf] tnsf]6
ufpFkflnsfn] % lgdf{0f sfo{df lgdf{0f ;DkGg x'g'k"j{ gfkL lstfa tyf /lgË lan tof/ u/L cfly{s
jif{sf] cGTodf afFsL /x]sf] sfo{ ;d]t ;dfj]z u/L ?=#@ nfv %% xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . sfo{
;DkGg gx'Fb} e'QmfgL lbPsf] /sd c;'n u/L lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/LnfO{ sf/afxL x'g'kb{5 .
80. d"No ;dfof]hg – vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] zt{eGbf a9L x'g] u/L d"No ;dfof]hg e'QmfgL lbg ldNb}g . o;
80.1. lj/f6gu/ dxfgu/kflnsfaf6 zx/L jftfj/0f ;'wf/ kl/of]hgfsf] sfd ug{ ;Demf}tf ePsf Ps
lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ;Demf}tfsf] zt{df k|ltcfO6dsf] kl/df0fdf @% k|ltzteGbf a9Lsf] e]l/P;g eO{
;f] e]l/P;g d"No s'n ;Demf}tf d"Nosf] ! k|ltzteGbf a9L ePdf ;f] cfO6ddf gofF b//]6 sfod x'g]
Joj:yf 5 . k|fjwfg cg';f/ gofF b//]6 to ePsf] / 7]Ssfsf] z'? ;Demf}tfdf gePsf gofF cfO6dsf]
;d]t gofF b//]6 to u/]sf] 5 . e]l/P;gaf6 gofF b//]6 sfod ePsf / yk ePsf cfO6dsf] d"No
;dfof]hg e'QmfgL ubf{ e]l/P;g :jLs[t u/]sf] lg0f{osf] #) lbg cufl8sf] d"No ;"rLnfO{ cfwf/
lng'kg]{df @)&).#.!( sf] d"NonfO{ cfwf/ lnO{ d"No ;dfof]hg u0fgf u/L cGtl/d e'QmfgL k|df0f kq
g+=@^ b]lv #) ;Ddsf] e'QmfgLdf ?=@ s/f]8 $$ nfv *$ xhf/ d"No ;dfof]hg e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 .
o; ;DaGwdf k'gM u0fgf u/L a9L e'QmfgL /sd c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
80.2. w/fg pk–dxfgu/kflnsfn] Ps vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfsf] j}b]lzs d'b|f e'QmfgLtk{msf] d"No ;dfof]hgsf]
u0fgf ubf{ ;Demf}tfsf] zt{adf]lhd k|To]s cfO6dsf] ef/ cg';f/ u0fgf ug'{kg]{df s'n lan /sdsf]
cfwf/df u0fgf u/]sf]n] !# cf}+ lan cd]l/sL 8n/ !( xhf/ #@)=@# sf] ljlgdo b/ ?=((=@^ sf
b/n] x'g] ?=!( nfv !* xhf/ e'QmfgL x'g'kg]{df cd]l/sL 8n/ # nfv @@ xhf/ !&@=$( sf] ((=@^
sf] b/n] ?=# s/f]8 !( nfv &( xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf]n] a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf] ?=# s/f]8 ^! xhf/
kl5Nnf landf ;dfof]hg ug'{kb{5 .
80.3. l;4fy{gu/ gu/kflnsf, ?kGb]xLn] Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{df ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v
gePsf] cj:yfdf df]ljnfOh]zg k]:sL tyf k|f]lehgn ;d g36fO{ s'n lansf] /sd u0fgf u/]sf]
sf/0f a9L ePsf] d"No ;dfof]hg ?=** nfv $) xhf/ c;'n x'g'kb{5 .
81. e]l/P;g – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]gsf] bkmf %$-!_-3_ df !% k|ltzteGbf dfly @% k|ltzt;Ddsf]
e]l/P;g cfb]z ;DalGwt dGqfnosf] ;lrj jf ;f] ;/xsf] lgsfo k|d'vn] :jLs[t ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 .
o; ;DaGwdf lgDg Joxf]/f b]lvPsf 5g\ M
81.1. w/fg pk–dxfgu/kflnsfaf6 vfg]kfgL Joj:yfsf] nflu ?=! ca{ ## s/f]8 !) nfv $ xhf/sf] nfut
cg'dfg :jLs[t u/L Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu ?=! ca{ #! s/f]8 ^@ nfv !) xhf/df ;Demf}tf
ePsf]df kfO{k nfOg, Plecf/ vl/b, c:kmfN6 sfnf]kq], kfj/ s]a'n nufotsf sfo{df kl/df0f j[l4sf]
sf/0f hgfO{ b'O{ k6s e]l/P;g cfb]z hf/L u/L sfod nfut cg'dfg ?=! ca{ ^^ s/f]8 @ nfv *#
xhf/ / ;Demf}tf /sd ?=! ca{ %& s/f]8 !! nfv *% xhf/ sfod x'g uPsf]n] z'? ;Demf}tf d"Nodf
!( k|ltzt e]l/P;g ePsf] 5 .
81.2. lj/f6gu/ dxfgu/kflnsfn] k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ;DaGwL sfo{sf] s"n nfut cg'dfg ?=@ ca{ (& s/f]8
^( nfv @^ xhf/df Ps ;+o'Qm pkqmd;Fu ?=@ ca{ #( s/f]8 !# nfv #@ xhf/df ;Demf}tf u/]sf]df
k'/fgf vfg]kfgL nfOgsf] l/nf]s]zg, ljB't kf]nx?sf] k'gM:yf{kgf, 9n lgdf{0fdf OF6fsf] abnf
cf/=;L=;L=9n lgdf{0f h:tf sf/0f b]vfO{ rf/ k6s e]l/P;g cfb]z hf/L u/L ;Demf}tf d"No ?=@ ca{
(% s/f]8 ^@ nfv () xhf/ -@#=^# k|ltztn] a9L_ sfod ePsf] 5 . ;f]xL lgdf{0f sfo{df z'?df
()) lbg ;dofjlw /x]sf]df ljB't kf]n ;fg{ g;s]sf], aGb x8\tfn, jiff{, af9L, ;fO6df cj/f]w cflb
sf/0fn] (!! lbg Dofb yk ePsf] 5 .

469
:yfgLo tx
lgdf{0f sfo{sf] Dofb yk ePsf]n] nfut a9]sf] / cfof]hgfaf6 k|fKt ug]{ k|ltkmn ;d]t k|fKt
gePsf] cj:yf 5 . cfof]hgfsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/Ldf kof{Kt Wofg glbPsf] sf/0fn] e]l/P;g x'g
uPsf]n] ;DalGwtnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg' kb{5 .
82. k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@! / ;Demf}tfsf] zt{adf]lhd
sfo{ gu/]df k"j{lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ c;'n ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . O6x/L gu/kflnsfn] b'ds§f Nof08lkmN8
;fO8df sNe6{ tyf af6f] lgdf{0f / Nof08lkmN8 ;fO{6 kx'Frdfu{ sfnf]kq] sfo{ / 6]Ëfvf]nf k'n
lgdf{0fsf] nflu !@ dlxgfleq sfo{;DkGg ug]{ u/L ?=!% s/f]8 ## nfv %^ xhf/df # lgdf{0f
Joj;foL;Fu ;Demf}tf eO{ ?=!) s/f]8 #* nfv $^ xhf/ e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . ;Demf}tf tyf
sfo{tflnsfadf]lhd lgwf{l/t ;dodf sfo{ ;DkGg gu/]sf], lgdf{0f Joj;foLaf6 Dofb yk dfu
gePsf]n] ;Demf}tfsf] zt{adf]lhd ?=(( nfv & xhf/ k"j{lgwf{/t Ifltk"lt{ c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
83. a9L b/df ;Demf}tf – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !) df :jLs[t gD;{adf]lhd b//]6
lgwf{/0f ;ldltn] to u/]sf] b//]6sf] cfwf/df lgdf{0f sfo{sf] jf:tljs nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{kg]{
Joj:yf 5 . lhNnf b//]6 lgwf{/0f ;ldlt df]/Ën] ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{df d]lzgaf6 ;8s vGg] sfo{sf]
;fwf/0f df6f], s8f df6f], ;fwf/0f r§fg, dWod r§fg / s8f r§fgdf juL{s/0f u/L k|lt3gld6/ b/
lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 . lhNnf b//]6 lgwf{/0f ;ldlt, t]x|y'dn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] b//]6 df]/Ësf] eGbf 36L
ePsf] hgfO{ df]/ªsf] b/n] nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/]sf] 5 . t]x|y'd lhNnfsf] cf7/fO{ ufpFkflnsfn] (%
pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ ?=@ s/f]8 %! nfv *$ xhf/, d]G5ofod ufpFkflnsfn] #! pkef]QmfnfO{ ?=$*
nfv #^ xhf/, km]bfk ufpFkflnsfn] %% pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ ?=! s/f]8 #* nfv !^ xhf/ / 5y/
ufpFkflnsfn] && pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ ! s/f]8 && nfv ( xhf/ ;d]t ?=^ s/f]8 !% nfv $% xhf/
a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf] 5 . lhNnf b//]6eGbf a9L b/df nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/L e'QmfgL ug]{nfO{
lhDd]jf/ agfpg' kb{5 .
84. gD;{ tyf gfkL – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod !@# df jf:tljs sfo{;Dkfbgsf]
cfwf/df e'QmfgL ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . 5y/ ufpFkflnsf, t]x|y'dn] ljleGg ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ cGtu{t ef/L
d]lzg k|of]u ug]{ gd{\;df l8h]n / PS;fe]6/sf] kl/df0f dfq ;dfj]z u/L b//]6 tof/ ug'{kg]{df
n'la|s]G6\; ;d]t yk u/L df6f] vGg] sfo{nfO{ % k|sf/df juL{s/0f u/L nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/]sf]
sf/0f && pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ gD;{eGbf ?=! s/f]8 && nfv ( xhf/, dfbL gu/kflnsf ;+v'jf;efn]
;8s lgdf{0fdf bf]xf]/f] gfkL u/L e'QmfgL u/]sf] ?=$) nfv, 7f]/L ufpFkflnsf, k;f{n] 9'Ëf vl/bdf
km/s b/n] e'QmfgL ubf{ a9L lbPsf] ?=!! nfv #^ xhf/, a+unfr'nL ufpFkflnsf bfªn] ;8s lgdf{0fdf
^ pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 df6f] sf6\g] sfo{df ?=@$ nfv &! xhf/ / cGo ( :yfgLo txn] gfkL
kl/df0feGbf a9L ?=%* nfv @ xhf/ ;d]t ?=# s/f]8 !! nfv !* xhf/ a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf 5g\ . a9L
e'QmfgL u/]sf] /sd c;'n ug'{kb{5 .
To:t} u/L ;'v]{t lhNnfsf u'ef{sf]6 gu/kflnsfn] a9L b/df nfut cg'dfg tof/ u/L
lgwf{l/t gD;{eGbf ?=! s/f]8 @$ nfv #% xhf/, rf}s'g] ufpFkflnsfn] ?=#* nfv ! xhf/ / a/fxtfn
ufpFkflnsfn] ?=#@ nfv ^$ xhf/ ;d]t ?=! s/f]8 (% nfv a9L e'QmfgL u/]sf 5g\ . a9L b/df
nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug]{nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
85. af]l/Ë vr{ – ;e]{ tyf l8hfOg gu/L b'wf}nL gu/kflnsf, l;Gw'nLn] @ af]l/Ë sfo{ u/L ;~rfng ug]{
vfg]kfgLsf] nflu @ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt;Fu ;Demf}tf u/]sf] / pkef]Qmfn] Ps l8«lnË sDkgLnfO{ 7]Ssf
lbO{ sfd u/fPsf] 5 . ;f] sfo{df pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ ?=@% nfv !^ xhf/ e'QmfgL lbPsf] ;DaGwdf
:ynut cjnf]sg ubf{ af]l/Ëaf6 kfgL gcfO{ pQm vr{ k|ltkmnljxLg x'g k'u]sf] 5 . ;e]{ tyf
l8hfOgaf6 k|ltkmn k|fKt x'g] u/L of]hgf :jLs[t ug'{kb{5 . 7]Ssfaf6 sfd u/fPsf] ;DaGwdf
pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ lhDd]jf/ ;d]t agfpg'kb{5 .
86. ;j]{If0f vr{ – ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @( n] ;DalGwt ;fj{hlgs lgsfodf pknAw
hgzlQmaf6 s'g} sfd x'g g;Sg] ePdf ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 .
o; ;DaGwL Joxf]/f lgDg 5g\ M
470
:yfgLo tx
86.1. hf]/fon ufpFkflnsf, 8f]6Ln] @& lsnf]ld6/ ;8s tyf !$ vfg]kfgL of]hgfsf] lj:t[t ;e]{If0f u/fO{
sfof{nosf k|fljlwsnfO{ ?=$) nfv e'QmfgL lbPsf] 5 . of]hgf ;~rfngsf] ;|f]t / sfof{Gjogdf
cfpg] ;'lglZrttf a]u/ vr{ u/]sf] /sd lgod;Ddt\ b]lvPg .
86.2. hfh/sf]6 lhNnfsf ^ :yfgLo txn] xfnsf] ef}uf]lns ;'udtf / k|ljlw ljsf;sf] cj:yfdf !( jif{
k'/fgf] ;e]{ gD;{sf] cfwf/df 8f]/ xflh/ tyf lan e/kfO{ ;+nUg u/L ljleGg of]hgfsf] ;e]{If0f afkt
sfof{nos} sd{rf/L tyf cGonfO{ ?=! s/f]8 !& nfv $) xhf/ vr{ u/]sf 5g\ . ljz]if1 cfjZos
eP k|lt:kwf{Tds tl/sfaf6 sfo{ ljj/0f tof/ u/L ;]jf lng'kb{5 . o;/L :ki6 cfwf/, dfkb08 /
ljZj;gLo k|lqmofa]u/ u/]sf] ;j]{If0f vr{ lgod;Ddt b]lvPg .
86.3. ef]hk'/ lhNnfsf ( :yfgLo txn] !(^ of]hgfdf sfof{nosf k|fljlwsaf6 ;e]{If0f u/fO{ ?=@ s/f]8
$$ nfv #! xhf/ vr{ n]v]sf 5g\ . sfof{nos} hgzlQmaf6 ePsf] sfo{df o:tf] vr{ e'QmfgL ug'{
plrt b]lvPg .
87. d"No clej[l4 s/ ljj/0f – d"No clej[l4 s/ P]g, @)%@ adf]lhd vl/bdf lt/]sf] / laqmLdf ;Íng
u/]sf] s/ ;dfof]hg u/L tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ljj/0f ;lxt s/ a'emfpg' kb{5 . d"No clej[l4 s/
ljj/0f bflvnf gu/]sf] cj:yfdf d"No clej[l4 s/ e'QmfgL ug{ ldNg] b]lv+b}g . bf]nvf lhNnfsf]
uf}/Lz+s/ / lau' ufpFkflnsfn] jiff}{b]lv gg\kmfO{n/ /x]sf Joj;foLnfO{ ?=@( nfv (@ xhf/, wgu9L
pk–dxfgu/kflnsfn] @)&# cfiff9b]lv gg\kmfOn/ ePsf] Ps lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ ?=@* nfv ^(
xhf/ ;d]t ?=%* nfv ^! xhf/ d"No clej[l4 s/ e'QmfgL ePsf]df ;f]sf] ;dfof]hg k|df0f k];
ug'{kb{5 .
88. C0f tyf ;fk6L – cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod $% df clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln]
;/sf/L /sd lgsf;f lb+bf jf vr{ ubf{ nfutsf] t'ngfdf k|fKt x'g] k|ltkmndf Wofg lbg'kg]{ pNn]v 5 .
of] jif{ ;Gbsk'/ ufpFkflnsf, Onfdn] * ljBfnonfO{ z}lIfs u'0f:t/ j[l4 ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu @ jif{df
lkmtf{ ug]{ u/L ?=@) nfv lgJof{hL C0f / u'/fF; ufpFkflnsf, b}n]vn] Ps SofDk; ;~rfngsf] nflu
?=@) nfv ;fk6L pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . To:t} ab{3f6 gu/kflnsf, gjnk/f;Ln] Ps ;xsf/L ;+:yfnfO{
# jif{leq nufgL lkmtf{ x'g] u/L ?=@* nfv %) xhf/ C0f pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . pQm /sd nufgLdf
gb]vfO{ ah]6 vr{df ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 . :yfgLo txn] k|ltkmn a]u/ C0f tyf ;fk6L k|jfx ug]{ cfwf/
g/x]sf]n] /sd lkmtf{ lnO{ :yfgLo ;l~rt sf]ifdf bflvnf ug'{kb{5 .
89. k]:sL – ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod (&-%_ / cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf]
lgod &$ / &( adf]lhd k]:sL lng] / sfo{ljlw ckgfO{ tf]lsPadf]lhd km5\of}{6 ug]{ Joj:yf 5 .
eQmk'/sf] ;'o{ljgfos gu/kflnsfn] r/v08L vf]nf, rk'mvf]nf, a'9L u08sL vf]nfdf ;8s k'n lgdf{0f
ug{ pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ ?=#) nfvsf b/n] # ;ldltnfO{ lbPsf] ?=() nfv, pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ Ps
ltxfO{;Dd k]:sL lbg ;Sg] Joj:yf ljk/Lt sf]NxjL gu/kflnsf, af/fn] lbPsf] yk k]:sL ?=!@ s/f]8
#$ nfv ^# xhf/ / s}nfnLsf] df]xGofn ufpFkflnsfn] !$ pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ yk lbPsf] k]:sL ?=!
s/f]8 & nfv *^ xhf/ k]:sL km5\of}{6 ePsf] 5}g . lnDr'Ëa'Ë ufpFkflnsf, pbok'/n] ljleGg sfo{qmd
;~rfng ug{ n]vfkfn / s[lif ;+of]hsnfO{ lbPsf] k]:sL ?=%( nfv !( xhf/;d]t k]:sL km5\of}{6
ePsf] 5}g . To:t} zxLb gu/kflnsf, wg'iffn] ( j8fcWoIfnfO{ sfof{no Joj:yfkg, df6f]sf] sfd /
af6f] ;'wf/ sfo{ ug{ lbPsf] k]:sL ?=&) nfv %& xhf/, uf}zfnf gu/kflnsf, dxf]Q/Ln] gu/ k|d'v /
j8f cWoIfnfO{ lbPsf] k]:sL ?=#@ nfv () xhf/, sflnGrf]s ufpFkflnsf, bf]nvfn] rf}F/L dxf]T;j
;~rfng ug{ j8f cWoIfnfO{ lbPsf] k]:sL ?=$^ nfv km5\of}{6 ePsf] 5}g . ctM lgodfg';f/ k]:sL
lbO{ ;dodf km5\of}{6 ug'{kb{5 .
90. cg'udg – ut jif{sf] k|ltj]bgdf cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog, ;f]e}m vl/b, lan e/kfO{, ;|]:tf k]; gePsf],
a}Í ;dfof]hg, clu|d s/, a9L e'QmfgL, cw'/f] lgdf{0f, gePsf] sfdsf] e'QmfgL, s/ jLhs,
;jf/L;fwg vl/b, 7]Ssf :jLs[lt / cf]e/x]8 nufotsf Joxf]/f cf}+NofOPsf]df of] jif{ klg ;'wf/ u/]sf]
kfOPg . a]?h" Joxf]/f k'g/fj[lQ gx'g] u/L sfo{;Dkfbg ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .

471
:yfgLo tx
91. n]vfk/LIf0f /sd / a]?h" – :yfgLo txsf] n]vfk/LIf0f /sd / a]?h" cÍsf] k|b]zut ljj/0f
lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5M
-?= xhf/df_
n]vfk/LIf0f n]vfk/LIf0f
n]vfk/LIf0f k]:sL ;d]t a]?h"dWo] k]:sL afx]s
k|b]z g+= ul/Psf] :yfgLo /sd a]?h" /sd k]:sL /sd
/sdsf] t'ngfdf
a]?h" k|ltzt
tx ;+Vof a]?h" k|ltzt
! 137 106972812 4303283 763894 4.02 3.31
@ 131 91942397 6394491 2326423 6.95 4.42
# 119 102588405 3828088 1122636 3.73 2.64
u08sL 85 65761160 1774296 368535 2.70 2.14
% 109 93121989 3288124 1083652 3.53 2.37
s0ff{nL 79 48413902 2571600 472014 5.31 4.34
;'b"/klZrd 87 62712872 1981692 466894 3.16 2.42
hDdf 747 571513537 24141574 6604048 4.22 3.07
of] jif{ n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf &$& :yfgLo txsf] ?=% va{ &! ca{ %! s/f]8 #% nfv
#& xhf/sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . n]vfk/LIf0faf6 ?=@^ ca{ #^ s/f]8 #! nfv $^ xhf/
a]?h" b]lvPsf]df k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fPkl5 ?=@ ca{ &@ s/f]8 !% nfv &@ xhf/ km5\of}{6
u/]sf]n] ?=@$ ca{ !$ s/f]8 !% nfv &$ xhf/ km5\of}{6 ug{ afFsL /x]sf] 5 . ;f]dWo] c;'n ug'{kg]{
?=@ ca{ &@ s/f]8 !% nfv ^* xhf/, lgoldt ug'{kg]{ ?=!$ ca{ *! s/f]8 %( nfv %* xhf/ /
k]:sL ?=^ ca{ ^) s/f]8 $) nfv $* xhf/ afFsL 5 .
ut jif{ ;DkGg &#* :yfgLo txsf] s"n a]?h" ?=!$ ca{ @$ s/f]8 %( nfv %( xhf/
/x]sf]df of] jif{ ;dfof]hgaf6 ?=!) nfv $% xhf/ yk / ;Dk/LIf0faf6 ?=@ ca{ #( s/f]8 ^! nfv
%& xhf/ km5\of}{6 eO{ ?=!! ca{ *% s/f]8 * nfv $& xhf/df of] jif{ &$& :yfgLo txsf]
n]vfk/LIf0faf6 yk ?=@$ ca{ !$ s/f]8 !% nfv &$ xhf/;d]t ?=#% ca{ (( s/f]8 @$ nfv @!
xhf/ cBfjlws a]?h" /x]sf] 5 .

472
kl/R5]b — $
n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjog l:ylt
1. n]vfk/LIf0f sfg'gL Joj:yf – cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf !* df a]?h" km5\of}{6 ug]{ bfloTj
lhDd]jf/ JolQmsf] x'g] / a]?h" km5\of}{6 u/] gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf /]vb]v u/L k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd
km5\of}{6 ug{ nufpg] bfloTj n]vfpQ/bfoL clws[tsf] x'g] Aoa:yf u/]sf] 5 . ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf !( df
cf}FNofOPsf] a]?h"sf] #% lbg jf Dofb yk ePsf]df ;f] Dofbleq km5\of}{6 ug]{ / km5\of}{6 gu/]df
n]vfpQ/bfoL clws[t / ljefuLo dGqL jf /fHodGqLnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg] pNn]v 5 .
1.1 of] aif{ ;/sf/L sfof{no, k|b]z tyf :yfgLo tx, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, cGo ;ldlt tyf ;+:yf Pj+
sfo{d"ns / ljif]z n]vfk/LIf0f ;d]t ^ xhf/ ^$$ OsfO{/laifosf] n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg u/L k|f/lDes
k|ltj]bg pknJw u/fPsf]df ljleGg @@ dGqfno cGtu{tsf a]?h" ePsf $ xhf/ #!& lgsfo dWo] @
xhf/ @@% -%!=%$ k|ltzt_ n] dfq hjfkm lbPsf] b]lvG5 .
1.2 ;+3Lo sfg"gsf] plNnlvt Joa:yfadf]lhdsf] k|lqmof k"/f ubf{;d]t @)&$.&% sf] a]?h" km5\of}{6
gePsfn] ;f] cjlwdf sfo{/t n]vfpQ/bfoL clws[tx?sf] gfdfjnL / a]?h" /sd cg';"rL @=! df
;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .
1.3 ;/sf/L sfof{no, k|b]z tyf :yfgLo tx, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, cGo ;ldlt tyf ;+:yf;d]tsf] of]
jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 ?=! va{ %! ca{ #! s/f]8 ;'? a]?h" b]lvPsf]df k|ltlqmofaf6 ?=!) cj{ @^
s/f]8 km5\of}{6 eO{ ?=! va{ $! ca{ % s/f]8 km5of}{6 x'g afFsL /x]sf] 5 . of] jif{;Dd km5\of}{6 ug{
afFsL s'n a]?h" ?=# va{ && ca{ $* s/f]8 5 . lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"rL !& / !* df 5 .
2. a]?h" km5of}{6 – of] jif{ a]?h" km5\of}{6 tyf ;Dk/LIf0fsf] l:ylt b]xfoadf]lhd 5M
-?=nfvdf_
ljj/0f ljutsf] a]?h" ;dfof]hgaf6 km5\of}+6 tyf rfn" jif{sf] cBfjlws
yk -36_ ;Dk/LIf0f n]vfk/LIf0f a]?h" afFsL a]?h"
;+3Lo ;/sf/L sfof{no 2136679 124762 464808 1063380 2860013
;+ul7t ;+:yf, ;ldlt, cGo ;+:yf 626128 -119311 57698 103758 552877
k|b]z tx 0 0 0 1951 1951
:yfgLo tx 142460 10 23962 241416 359924
hDdf 2905267 5461 546468 1410504 3774765
of] jif{ km5\of}{6 tyf ;Dk/LIf0f ePsf]] ;+3Lo ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] ?=$^ ca{ $* s/f]8 *
nfvdWo] vfg]kfgL, zx/L ljsf;, l;+rfO, ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfnosf] ;Dk/LIf0f ePsf]
a]?h" ?=!% ca{ (@ s/f]8 *& nfv /x]sf] 5 . pQm a]?h" ;Dk/LIf0fsf] %*=$# k|ltzt lx:;f cyf{t\
?=( ca{ #) s/f]8 &$ nfv df]lanfOh];g k]:sL /x]sf] 5 . To:tf] k]:sL lgdf{0f sfo{sf] /lgª lan
e'QmfgL ubf{ s§f eO{ :jtM km5\of}{6 x'g] / ;f]afx]ssf cGo a]?h" c;'n km5\of}{6 ug{ ;DalGwt
lgsfox?n] kof{Kt Wofg lbg] u/]sf] kfOPg . a]?h" km5\of}{6 / ;Dk/LIf0fsf] l:ylt cg';"rL !& / !*
df ;dfj]z 5 .
dlGqkl/ifb\sf] @)^(.^.!! sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ @)%(÷^) ;Ddsf] a]?h" nut s'df/Lrf]s tyf s]Gb|Lo
txl;n sfof{nodf x:tfGt/0f eO{ uPsf]dWo] ?=!) s/f]8 !% nfv km5\of}{6 ePsf] 5 .
3. n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjogsf k|of; – of] jif{ n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjog a]?h" km5\of}{6 u/L
ljQLo cg'zf;gsf] k|j4{g ug{ ePsf k|of;x? b]xfoadf]lhd 5M
473 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] krkGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&$

kl/R5]b $M n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgsf] sfof{Gjog l:ylt
3.1 ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLsf] ;d'kl:yltdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf d'Vo ;lrj, ;+3Lo ;+;b ;lrjfnosf
dxf;lrj, ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf d'Vo /lhi6«f/ nufot g]kfn ;/sf/sf n]vf pQ/bfoL clws[tx?sf]
;xeflutfdf cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷&% sf] n]vfk/LIf0f, a]?h" km5\of}{6 / cfly{s cg'zf;gsf ljljw kIf
af/] @)&% >fj0f !% ut] k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no, l;+xb/af/ 5nkmn tyf cGt/lqmof
ul/Psf] 5 .
3.2 o; jif{ ;/sf/L tyf ;fj{hlgs lgsfo;Fu ;DalGwt ljQLo cg'zf;g, n]vfk/LIf0f, a]?h" nufotsf
ljljw kIfdf ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] #, / cy{ ;ldltn] cfof]hgf
u/]sf] @ 5nkmndf dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] ;xeflutf ePsf] lyof] .
3.3 ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltdf dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg 5nkmn x'g] Joj:yfcg'?k
;f] ;ldltaf6 pk–;ldlt u7g u/L s]xL dGqfnosf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg @)&$ / ;f]eGbf cl3sf
k|ltj]bgdf ;dfj]z ePsf] Joxf]/fdf 5nkmn k|f/De ePsf] 5 . pQm 5nkmndf pk–;ldltsf] lgoldt
a}7sdf sfof{nosf tkm{af6 ljleGg kbflwsf/Lx? ;xefuL x'g] u/]sf 5g\ .
3.4 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{nosf] cfof]hgfdf @)&% d+l;/ / df3 dlxgfdf ;+3Lo, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf]
n]vfk/LIf0f ;DaGwL ;+j}wflgs / sfg"gL Joj:yf tyf k|ltj]bg k|0ffnL nufot ljQLo cg'zf;gsf
ljljw kIfdf ;DalGwt dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] pkl:yltdf & j6f k|b]z ;lxt !% lhNnfdf cGt/lqmof
tyf 5nkmn sfo{qmd ul/Psf] 5 .
3.5 o; jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f, ;f]af6 b]lvPsf Joxf]/f, ;DalGwt lgsfosf] k|ltlqmof / k|ltj]bg tof/Lsf]
qmddf g]kfn ;/sf/ / ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/Lsf] pkl:yltdf sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/L
n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgsf] sfof{Gjog ;DaGwdf 5nkmn ul/Psf] 5 .
3.6 :ynut ?kdf 6f]nL vl6Psf] cj:yfdf ;f]xL 6f]nLaf6 ;Dk/LIf0f u/L :ynut ?kd} hfgsf/L lbg]
Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ;Dk/LIf0f ul/Psf]df ;f]sf] cs / ;Dk/LIf0fsf] nflu k]z gePsf] cj:yfdf ;f]xL
Joxf]/f k|f/lDes k|ltj]bgdf v'nfpg'kg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
3.7 ;Dk/LIf0fsf] nflu cg'/f]w ePsf]df lgb]{zgfnox?n] !) b]lv !% lbgleq lsgf/f nufO{ dfl;s?kdf
k|ltj]bg k]; ug]{ / lgb]{zgfno, dxflgb]{zgfno, ljefu tyf dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] pkl:yltdf x'g]
lgoldt a}7sdf ;d]t ;Dk/LIf0f Pj+ n]vfk/LIf0f ;DaGwdf d"NofÍg Pj+ ;dLIff ug]+{ ul/Psf] 5 .
3.8 n]vfk/LIf0f of]hgf, @)&% df ;Dk/LIf0f ug{] ;do ;Ldf @)&% kmfu'g;Dd tf]lsPsf] eP tfklg jif}{
e/L ;Dk/LIf0f sfo{ ul/Psf] 5 .
3.9 cfly{s sfo{ ljlw P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf @) sf] pkbkmf -$_ / cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf]
lgod -!)!_ n] j]?h" km5\of}6{ / ;DaGwdf cg'udg d'NofÍg u/L a]?h" km5\of}{6 ;DaGwL sfd
sf/jfxLdf k|efjsf/Ltf Nofpg g]kfn ;/sf/n] d"Vo ;lrjsf] ;+of]hsTjdf a]?h" km5\of}{6 d'NofÍg
tyf cg'udg ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] 5 . pQm ;ldltn] ;+3Lo dGqfnout a]?h" k|ult lnO{ ;dLIff ug]{
u/]sf] 5 . ;ldltn] nIo lgwf{/0f ug]{ lglZrt k|ltzt eGbf jl9 km5|of}{6 ug]{nfO{ k'/:s[t ug]{ u/]sf]
5 . t/ a]?h" nIo tf]Sbf s]jn nutL j]?h"nfO{ dfq lng] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;}4flGts a]?h" klg plQs}
dxTjk'0f{ x'g] ePtf klg ;ldltn] k|ofKt Wofg lbg] u/]sf] 5}g .

kl/R5]b %
eljiodf ug{'kg{] ;'wf/
/fHosf] ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] k|flKt tyf pkof]udf hjfkmb]lxtf, kf/blz{tf, ljQLo cg'zf;gsf] kfngf u/L
cfly{s sf/f]af/df lgoldttf, ldtJolotf, sfo{bIftf Pj+ k|efjsfl/tf k|j4{gsf] dfWodaf6 glthfdf cfwfl/t
sfo{ ;Dkfbg cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . d'n's ;+3Lo ;+r/gfdf ?kfGtl/t eO{ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txdf
hgk|ltlglwsf] pkl:ylt eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf hgrfxgfcg';f/ /fh:j ;+sng, ljsf; lgdf{0f / ;]jf k|jfxdf
;/sf/L ;+oGqn] glthfdf cfwfl/t sfo{;Dkfbg ;DaGwdf lgDgfg';f/ ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5M
1. ah]6 tyf vr{sf] cfFsng – ah]6 Joj:yfkg;Fu ;DalGwt ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] nflu gLltut tyf
sfof{Gjogut ljifodf lgDgfg';f/ ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5M
1.1 bL3{sfnLg of]hgfdf k|fyldstfdf k/]sf] / ;DefJotf cWoog, lj:t[t ;j]{If0f, 8«Oª l8hfOg
eO;s]sf k|fyldstf k|fKt cfof]hgfnfO{ cfjZos ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug'{kb{5 .
1.2 j}b]lzs ;xfotfdf ;~rfng x'g] cfof]hgfsf] nflu ;xfotf k|flKtsf] ;'lglZrttf ePkl5 dfq ah]6df
;dfj]z ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
1.3 ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] cfufdL lqjifL{o vr{ k|If]k0f;lxtsf] vr{ ;+/rgf ah]6 th'{df ubf{ g} tof/
u/L k]; ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
1.4 ljsf; lgdf{0f / ;]jf k|jfxsf] cfjZostfsf] cfwf/df ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] cfof]hgf a}Í tof/
u/L o:tf] a}Ídf /x]sf cfof]hgfdf lqjifL{o vr{ k|If]k0fsf] cfwf/df ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug]{, cfof]hgf jf
sfo{qmd aflx/ ljlgof]hg ug]{ k4ltdf lgoGq0f ug]{, z'?df ah]6 ljlgof]hg gu/L /sdfGt/ tyf
u}/ah]6/L vr{ ug]{ sfo{df lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
1.5 ah]6 ljlgof]hg ubf{ ;fna;fnL ?kdf ;~rfng x'g], ;–;fgf cfof]hgfdf pknlAw gx'g] u/L
ljlgof]hg ug]{eGbf pknlAwd"ns / k|ltkmnd'vL If]qnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'kb{5 .
1.6 ah]6 l;4fGt ljk/Lt sf]if k|0ffnLaf6 vr{ ug]{, ;DalGwt sfo{qmd / zLif{sdf ljlgof]hgg} gug]{ jf
Go"g ljlgof]hg u/L cy{ ljljw zLif{saf6 cy{ dGqfnosf] lg0f{on] /sdfGt/ u/L 7"nf] /sd lgsf;f
lbg] sfo{df lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
1.7 ah]6 th'{df ubf{ ul/aL lgjf/0f, n}lËs / lbuf] ljsf; nIosf ;"rsfÍsf cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ug'{kb{5 .
lbuf] ljsf; nIocg';f/sf] ;+s]t /fvL ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug]{ Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
1.8 /fli6«o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfof]uaf6 lgwf{/0f ePsf] lj:t[t 9fFrfcg';f/ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx
aLr /fh:j afF8kmfF8 ug]{ Pj+ ;dfgLs/0f cg'bfg k|bfg ug]{ Joj:yf ah]6df ;'lglZrt x'g'kb{5 .
2. vr{ Joj:yfkg – cg'Tkfbs vr{ lgoGq0f u/L clws k|ltkmn k|fKt x'g] u/L vr{ Joj:yfkg ug{
b]xfoadf]lhd ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 M
2.1 cg'Tkfbs vr{ lgoGq0f ug{ th'{df u/]sf] ;fj{hlgs vr{df ldtJolotf / k|efjsfl/tf sfod ug]{
;DaGwL gLltut dfu{bz{g, @)&% cg';f/ pRr kb:y kbflwsf/Lx? cfk}mF ldtJooL, dof{lbt /
pbfx/0fLo ?kdf k|:t't x'g], ;dfg sfo{qmddf a]Unfa]Un} lgsfoaf6 ;|f]t h'6fpg] sfo{df lgoGq0f ug]{
/ vr{sf] pkfb]otf :yflkt gu/L ah]6 pkof]usf] sfof{/De gug]{ nufotsf Joj:yf k|efjsf/L ?kdf
kfngf u/L ah]6 vr{ ug'{kb{5 .

kl/R5]b %M eljiodf ug'{kg]{ ;'wf/
2.2 dGqfno÷ljefusf zfvf dxfzfvfx? cg'udg, lgb]{zg / k|ltj]bgdf s]lGb|t x'g'kg]{df tL lgsfoaf6}
sfo{qmdg} ;~rfng ug]{ u/L ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug]{ sfo{df lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
2.3 k6s k6s /sdfGt/sf] lg0f{o u/L 7"nf] /sd lgsf;f lbg], ah]6 vr{ x'g g;Sg] cj:yfdf vr{sf]
cfsf/ dfq a9fpg ljljw vftfdf /fVg] jf ;+3;+:yfsf] vftfdf 6«fG;km/ ug]{, j}b]lzs ;|f]tsf] C0f
tyf cg'bfg vr{sf] tf]lsPsf] ;dodf zf]wegf{ glng] ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg] / ah]6
l;4fGt ljk/Lt vr{ ug]{ kl/kf6Ldf lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
2.4 ;l~rt sf]ifaf6 k|bfg u/]sf cg'bfgdWo] vr{ gePsf] ;zt{ cg'bfg /sd ;l~rt sf]ifdf lkmtf{
ug'{kb{5 .
2.5 dGqfnout ah]6 ;"rgf k|0ffnL -Pn=Pd=aL=cfO{=P;_ nfO{ Psn sf]if tyf vftf;Fu cfj4 u/L
ah]6eGbf a9L lgsf;f gx'g] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
2.6 sfo{tflnsfcg';f/ ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0fsf] sfd u/fpg] k4lt ljsf; u/L jiff{Gtdf /sdfGt/ Pj+
cTolws vr{ ug]{ kl/kf6Ldf lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
2.7 ah]6 ljlgof]hg, vr{ / pknlAwnfO{ sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg Pj+ ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] j[lQ ljsf;;Fu
cfj4 u/L pknlAwcg';f/ b08 / k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
2.8 cfof]hgf Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/ u/L k"+hLut vr{df j[l4 ug'{kb{5 .
3. j}b]lzs ;xfotf – k]l/; tyf cfqmf 3f]if0ffcg';f/ j}b]lzs ;xfotfnfO{ ;DalGwt /fi6«sf] ckgTjsf
nflu /fli6«o ah]6, ;dfg k|lta]bg k|0ffnL tyf glthfdf cfwfl/t d"NofÍg / /fli6«o gLltsf]
kl/kfngf ;DaGwdf cWoog ubf{ ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ Joxf]/f lgDg 5g\M
3.1 ;a} j}b]lzs ;xfotfnfO{ /fli6«o ah]6 k|0ffnLdf cfj4 ug'{kg]{df @@ k|ltzt ;xfotf /fli6«o ah]6
aflx/ /x]sf]n] ;Demf}tf ubf{ /fli6«o ah]6df ;dfj]z x'g] u/L ;xfotf kl/rfng ug]{ Pj+ g]kfnsf]
;+j}wflgs Joj:yf cg'?k n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
3.2 g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ pknAw u/fpg] 3f]if0ff ePsf] /sd cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] vr{ ug]{
kl/kf6Ldf lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
3.3 k|fljlws ;xfotfnfO{ k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f;Fu ;DalGwt tyf k'FhL lgdf{0fdf k|of]u ug]{ sfo{df kl/rfng
ug'{kb{5 .
3.4 ;xfotfsf] :jLs[lt jf ;Demf}tf ubf{ lglZrt ju{ / wfld{s ;d'bfodf s]lGb|t ePsf, wfld{s tyf
;f+:s[lts ;b\efjdf c;/ kg]{ sfo{df lgoGq0f u/L :jLs[lt Pj+ ;Demf}tf ug'{kb{5 .
3.5 j}b]lzs ;xfotfdf ;~rflnt cfof]hgfdf ;dodf zf]wegf{ gePsf] sf/0fn] /fHon] k|fKt ug'{kg]{
cg'bfg u'dfpg' k/]sf] cj:yf 5 . o:tf] k4ltdf lgoGq0f u/L zf]wegf{ k|lqmofdf s8fO{ ug'{ h?/L 5 .
3.6 j}b]lzs ;xfotf kl/rfngsf] Ifdtfsf sf/0fn] bftfn] k|ltj4tf JoQm u/L ;Demf}tf u/]sf] /sd sfo{
of]hgfcg';f/ vr{ x'g g;Sbf ;xfotfsf] Go"g pkof]u ePsf]n] sfo{;Dkfbg Ifdtfdf clej[l4 u/L
;xfotfsf] k|efjsf/L kl/rfng ug'{kb{5 .
4. cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg – nIocg'?ksf] nfut / ;dodf cfof]hgf ;DkGg x'g g;sL ck]lIft k|ltkmn
k|fKt ug{ g;Sg' cfof]hgf Joj:yfkgsf] d'Vo ;d:ofsf] ?kdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . cfof]hgf Joj:yfkgdf
;DefJotf cWoog, cfof]hgf 5gf}6, ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd :jLs[lt, sfof{Gjog, ;'kl/j]If0f, cg'udg
d"NofÍg nufot ljleGg r/0fdf b]lvPsf ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ b]xfoadf]lhd ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 M
4.1 /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgf nufot ;/sf/sf k|fyldstf k|fKt cfof]hgfsf] 5gf}6;DaGwL gLlt Pj+
dfkb08 tof/ gu/L cfof]hgf 5gf}6 ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvPsf]n] dfkb08 tof/ u/L cfof]hgfsf] 5gf}6
ug'{kb{5 .
4.2 ;DefJotf cWoog, lj:t[t cfof]hgf k|ltj]bg, 8«Oª, l8hfOg tyf nfut cg'dfg h:tf cfof]hgf
tof/L h:tf k|lqmofx? k"/f u/L cfof]hgf :jLs[lt tyf ah]6 Joj:yfkg u/L sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{df
sltko of]hgf ah]6 ljlgof]hg ePkl5 tL k|lqmof z'? ug]{ cEof; b]lvPsf]n] o;nfO{ lgoGq0f
ug'{kb{5 .
4.3 lj:t[t ;j]{If0f u/L sfo{:ynsf] cj:yfnfO{ Wofg lbO{ oyfy{k/s 9Ën] 8«Oª, l8hfOg tyf nfut
cg'dfg tof/ ug'{kg]{ / 8«Oª l8hfOgdf q'l6 eO{ cfof]hgf ;dodf sfof{Gjog x'gg;sL cfof]hgfsf]
Jooef/ a9\g uPdf q'l6k"0f{ 8«Oª l8hfOg tof/ ug]{ k/fdz{bftf tyf :jLs[t ug]{ kbflwsf/L ;d]tnfO{
lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 . o;sf nflu 8«Oª l8hfOg sfo{sf] k/fdz{bftf;Fusf] ;Demf}tfdf q'l6 ;Rofpg]
cjlw /fVg] / w/f}6L ;d]t s§L u/L cfof]hgf lgdf{0f kZrft lkmtf{ ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
4.4 jftfj/0fLo k|efj cWoog gu/L sfo{:ynsf] 5gf}6 ug]{, d'cfjhf Ifltk"lt{ / hUuf k|flKt;DaGwL
cj/f]w h:tf ljifosf] 6'Ëf] gnufO{ vl/b sfo{ cufl8 agfpg] Pj+ cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ pknAw
u/fpg'kg]{ ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] Joj:yf gu/L cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ul/Fbf ;DkGg ug{ l9nfO eO/x]sf]n]
sfg'g ;'wf/nufogsf k|lqmof k"/f ePkl5 dfq sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 . PsLs[t j:tL ljsf;sf]
cjwf/0ff sfof{Gjog ubf{ hUuf ljjfbsf] ;d:of lg/fs/0f x'g] b]lvG5 .
4.5 cfof]hgfsf] 5gf}6 ubf{ v'b jt{dfg d"No, nfut nfe ljZn]if0f, cfGtl/s k|ltkmn b/, nfut k"lt{ x'g]
;dofjlw cflbsf] cfwf/df k|fyldsLs/0f u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ / cfof]hgf ;DkGg ePkl5 tL k|ltkmn
b/x?sf] cj:yf d"NofÍg Pj+ cg'udg ug]{ Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
4.6 cfof]hgf k|d'v;Fu sfo{;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf u/L kb:yfkg ug]{ / sfo{ k|ult tyf nIo k|flKt k|lt
lhDd]jf/ agfpg], sfo{;Dkfbg s/f/ u/L lglZrt cjlw;Dd ;?jf gug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ cfjZos kg]{ ;|f]t, ;fwg / hgzlQm Joj:yfkg ug]{ / 7"nf cfof]hgfsf]
q'l6 ;Rofpg] cjlw sDtLdf # jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L /fvL pQm cjlw;Dd x'g] q'l6sf nflu lgdf{0f
Joj;foLsf ;fy ;fy} cfof]hgf k|d'v ;d]tnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg] u/L sfg'gL Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
4.7 7"nf cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ hgzlQm, x]eL d]l;g pks/0fx?, lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf]
pknAwtf / lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] Jofj;flostf ;d]tnfO{ dWogh/ /fVb} /fli6«o lgdf{0f Ifdtf
-National Construction Capacity_ ljZn]if0f u/L /fi6«sf] cfjZostf;Fu lgdf{0f Ifdtfsf] tfbfTDotf x'g]
u/L Ifdtf clej[l4 ug'{kb{5 .
4.8 ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{qmddf lgdf{0f vr{sf] t'ngfdf k/fdz{ ;]jfdf cTolws vr{ ug]{ kl/kf6LnfO{
Go"gLs/0f u/L ljefuLo hgzlQmsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 u/L 8«Oª l8hfOg, nfut cg'dfg tof/L, ;j]{If0f,
ljQLo ljj/0f tof/L h:tf k/fdz{bftfaf6 x'Fb} cfPsf sfo{ ljefuLo hgzlQmaf6 u/fpg] / lgdf{0f
vr{sf] t'ngfdf k/fdz{ vr{sf] ;Ldf lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
4.9 ;+3Lotf sfof{Gjogdf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf ;/sf/n] sfof{Gjog ug]{
cfof]hgfsf] juL{s/0f u/L bf]xf]/f]kgf, vK6g] / 6'lqmg] k4lt cGTo Pj+ ;dGjo / ;fdGh:otf sfod
ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] sfo{ If]qdf kg]{ cfof]hgfx? x:tfGt/0f ug]{ / ;DalGwt
;/sf/sf] sfo{ If]qdf gkg]{ cfof]hgfsf] nflu ah]6 ljlgof]hg gug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
4.10 cGt/;DalGwt lgsfodf /x]sf ;"rgfx? / cGo lgsfosf] sfo{df ;xof]u k'Ug] ;"rgfx? ;DalGwt
lgsfonfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'sf ;fy} ;8s, ljB't, 6]lnkmf]g, vfg]kfgL, sf7df8f}F pkTosf ljsf;
k|flws/0f, dxfgu/÷gu/kflnsf h:tf lgsfo;Fu ;/f]sf/ ePsf ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f ubf{ :ki6 dfkb08
/ sfo{ljlw tof/ u/L cfk;L ;dGjosf cfwf/df sfo{ ;~rfng ug'{kb{5 .
5. ;fj{hlgs vl/b Joj:yfkg – 7]Ssf Joj:yfkg, sfof{Gjog, sfo{tflnsf, Dofb yk, e]l/P;g, d"No
;dfof]hg, lgdf{0f sfo{sf] u'0f:t/ / sfo{ ;DkGg u/L cfof]hgf x:tfGt/0f nufotsf ljifodf
b]xfoadf]lhd ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 M

5.1 ljsf; lgdf{0fsf ;dfg lqmofsnfk ;~rfng ug]{ lgsfosf lgdf{0f ;DaGwL cnu cnu b/sf gD;{
ePsf]n] gD;{sf] oyfy{tf olsg x'g ;Sg] cj:yf /x]sf] 5}g . o:tf ljefuLo gD;\{ oyfy{k/s gx'Fbf
nfut cg'dfgeGbf pNn]Vo 36Ldf ;d]t lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] sfo{ ;sf/ ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvPsf]n] j}1flgs
cfwf/df gD;{ k'g/fjnf]sg u/L Ps?ktf sfod ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
5.2 ;fj{hlgs vl/b Joj:yfkgdf lgdf{0f ;Ifdtfsf] d"NofÍg u/L Pp6f lgdf{0f Joj;foL;Fu /x]sf] ;|f]t
;fwgsf] cfwf/df Ps} ;dodf lhDdf lng lbg ;Sg] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] ;Ldf ;DaGwL dfkb08 tof/
ug'{kg]{ / Ifdtf aflx/sf] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] ;Demf}tf u/L ;dodf lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ g;Sg] cj:yfdf
kl/jt{g ug{ k|efjsf/L Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
5.3 k|rlnt sfg'gdf 7]Ssf ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb yk cjlw ;DaGwdf s'g} ;Lldttf g/x]sf sf/0f nfdf]
cjlw;Dd Dofb yk ug]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . 7]Ssf Joj:yfkg tyf clen]v ;'wf/ u/L sfof{no jf lgdf{0f
Joj;foLdWo] h;sf] sf/0fn] l9nfO ePsf] xf] olsg u/]/ dfq Dofb yk ug'{kg]{ / Joj;foLsf]
l9nfOaf6 sfo{ ePsf]df k"j{ lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{ tyf sfnf];"rLsf] Joj:yf s8fOsf ;fy sfof{Gjog
ug'{kb{5 .
5.4 x]eL d]l;g tyf pks/0f cfjZos kg]{, hl6n k|s[ltsf / of]hgfsf] 7"nf] c+z ahf/af6 ;fdfg vl/b
u/L ;DkGg ug]{ tyf pkef]Qmfsf] ;+nUgtf g/xg] h:tf sfd pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 u/fpg gldNg] /
pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] sfd lnO{ lgdf{0f Joj;foLdfkm{t u/fpg gldNg] Joj:yfsf] kfngf u/fpg'kb{5 .
5.5 ljB''tLo k|0ffnLaf6 af]nkq k]; ug]{ Joj:yf nfu" eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf u}/ljB''tLo af]nkq;d]t k]; ug{
;Sg] Joj:yfaf6 ljB'tLo vl/b k|0ffnL k"0f{?kdf nfu" gePsf]n] ljB'tLo vl/b k|lqmofnfO{ clgjfo{
ug'{kb{5 . ljB'tLo vl/b k|0ffnL ;DaGwdf ;+nUg sd{rf/L Pj+ cGo ;DalGwtsf]] Ifdtf ljsf;
ug'{kb{5 .
5.6 u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f Pj+ cg'udg Joj:yfdf s8fO{ u/L cfof]hgf tyf ;du| u'0f:t/ Joj:yfkg gu/L sfd
u/fpg] / e'QmfgL lbg] cfof]hgf k|d'vnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfO{ sf/afxL ug'{kb{5 .
5.7 ;fj{hlgs vl/b;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg'g tyf ;Demf}tfcg';f/ ;dodf sfd z'? gug]{, 7]Ssfsf] k|ult
;Gtf]ifhgs ?kn] gug]{, aLrdf 7]Ssf 5f]8\g] / tf]lsPsf] ;dodf sfo{ ;DkGg gug]{ lgdf{0f
Joj;foL;Fusf] 7]Ssf tf]8\g], sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt hkmt ug]{, sfnf];"rLdf /fVg] / cw'/f] sfo{ ;DkGg
ug{ cfjZos /sd c;'n ug]{ nufotsf Joj:yfsf] clgjfo{ sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
5.8 lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpFbf lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] Joj:yfkg, lgdf{0f:ynsf] ;'/Iff Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf plrt
;ts{tf ckgfpg, s'n lgdf{0f sfo{sf] hf]lvd jxg ug{ clgjfo{ aLdf ug]{ h:tf Joj:yf sfof{Gjog
ug'{kb{5 .
5.9 d"No ;dfof]hg;DaGwL ;"qsf] ;+/rgf, cfwf/d"Nosf] ;"rsfÍ, k]:sL s§f ug]{ Joj:yf, 7]Ssfsf] sfd
;dodf ;Dkfbg gx'Fbfsf] d"No ;dfof]hg, l8hfOg P08 laN6nufot Psd'i6 /sd e'QmfgL x'g]
7]Ssfsf] d"No ;dfof]hg ;DaGwdf :ki6tf gePsf]n] :ki6 lgb]{lzsf tof/ kf/L sfof{Gjogdf
Nofpg'kb{5 .
5.10 :k]l;lkms];g tyf af]nkq d"NofÍgsf cfwf/ to ubf{ s]xL lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk"lt{stf{ /
k/fdz{bftfnfO{ dfq cg's"n x'g] 9Ën] tof/ u/]sf sf/0f k|lt:kwf{ ;Lldt eO{ vr{df ldtJolotf cfpg
g;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . o;nfO{ lg/fs/0f ug{ sfg'gsf] kfngfdf Wofg lbg'kg]{ / To;/L ;Lldt cfk"t{s,
lgdf{0f Joj;foL, k/fdz{bftf 5gf}6 x'g] u/L sfuhft tof/ ug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ sf/afxLsf] bfo/fdf
Nofpg'kb{5 .
5.11 clwsf+z k'n l8hfOg P08 laN6 k|lqmofaf6 7]Ssf Joj:yfkg u/]klg o:tf] vl/b k|lqmof ;DaGwdf
;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g lgodfjnLdf :ki6tf /x]sf] 5}g . of] Joj:yfcGt{ut vl/b ;Demf}tf ePkl5
l8hfOg tof/L tyf :jLs[ltsf] sfd x'g] / lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] d'gfkmfnfO{ Wofg lbO{ sd nfut tyf

cfo' x'g] u/L l8hfOg k]; ug]{ hf]lvd /xG5 . l8hfOg P08 laN6 k|lqmofaf6 ul/g] vl/b sfo{sf]
nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug]{ gD;{ jf cfwf/ lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
5.12 7]Ssf Kofs]lhË ug]{ lglZrt cfwf/ / dfkb08 tof/ u/L kof{Kt k|lt:kwf{ x'g] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
5.13 ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] vl/b u'?of]hgf tof/ ug]{ gu/]sf] / jflif{s vl/b of]hgf tof/ u/]tfklg kfngf
u/]sf] b]lvFb}g . k6s k6s ;f]e}m vl/b ug]{ kl/kf6Ldf lgoGq0f x'g'kg]{ Pj+ vl/b of]hgfsf] s8fOsf
;fy kfngf ug'{kb{5 .
5.14 ;fj{hlgs lghL ;fe]mbf/L, lgdf{0f :jfldTj ;~rfng x:tfGt/0f -a"6_, OlGhlgol/Ë k|f]Sof]/d]06
sG6«ofS6 Pj+ ;~rfng tyf ljQLo lnhsf k|:tfj cfJxfg Pj+ d"NofÍg ug{ dfu{bz{g, lgb]{lzsf,
d"NofÍgsf] cfwf/ to gePsf]n] oyfzL3| tof/ ug'{kb{5 .
6. ;fj{hlgs ;DklQsf] pkof]u / ;+/If0f – ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx tyf cGo ;fj{hlgs lgsfo;d]tsf]
:jfldTjdf /x]sf ;DklQsf] clen]v, pkof]u / ;+/If0fdf b]xfoadf]lhdsf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 M
6.1 cltqmd0fdf k/]sf ;/sf/L tyf ;fj{hlgs / u'7L hUufx?af6 cltqmd0f x6fO{ ;DalGwt lgsfosf]
cwLgdf Nofpg'kb{5 .
6.2 ;jf/L;fwgsf] lgsfout Pj+ s]Gb|Lo PsLs[t nut /fVg] / s]xL ;+3Lo dGqfno tyf sfof{nodf
hgzlQmsf] cg'kftdf ;jf/L;fwg a9L b]lvPsf]n] pQm ;jf/L;fwgx? k|b]z tyf :yfgLo txdf
x:tfGt/0f u/L gofF ;jf/L;fwg vl/b ug]{ k|j[lQdf lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
6.3 ;/sf/L tyf ;fj{hlgs 3/hUuf, ejgsf] s]Gb|Lo clen]v /fVg'kg]{ / lhNnf ;b/d'sfddf ;/sf/L
ejgx? cfjZostfeGbf a9L ePsf / :yfgLo txdf cfjZostfg';f/ pknAw gePsf]n] cfufdL
lbgdf lhNnf ;b/d'sfddf gofF ;+/rgf lgdf{0f gu/L ePsf ;+/rgfsf] plrt Joj:yfkg ug'{kg]{ /
xfn vf/]h ePsf lhNnf:t/Lo sfof{nosf kmlg{r/ tyf sDKo'6/ pks/0fx? ;DalGwt k|b]z sfof{no
tyf :yfgLo txdf x:tfGt/0f u/L pkof]u ug'{kb{5 .
6.4 cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ cg';f/ vr{ eP/ ghfg] ;DklQsf] s]Gb|Lo tyf ljefuLo clen]v
/fvL ;+/If0f / pkof]u ug]{ Pj+ dd{t ;Def/ / lnnfd laqmLsf] Joj:yfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg'kb{5 .
lnnfdL ug'{kg]{ ;fdfgx?sf] lhNnfut ljj/0f PsLs[t u/L sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6
lnnfd laqmL;DaGwL sf/afxL x'g'kb{5 .
6.5 ;/sf/sf] ;]o/ C0fsf] clen]v Jojl:yt /fvL To;sf] k|ltkmn tyf ;fFjf Aofh c;'nLdf kof{Kt Wofg
lbg'kb{5 .
6.6 ;/sf/L hUuf tyf jg If]qsf] lnh, pkof]u, ef]uflwsf/ lbg] tyf vfgL pTvgg\nufot k|fs[lts ;|f]t
;fwgsf] clgolGqt bf]xgnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ :ki6 dfkb08 tof/ u/L ;f]sf] ;d'lrt pkof]u / k|ltkmn
k|fKt x'g] 9Ën] Joj:yfkg Pj+ cg'udg ug'{kb{5 .
6.7 ljB't pTkfbgsf] cg'dlt, gjLs/0f Pj+ pTkfbg cg'udgsf] Joj:yfkgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg'kb{5 .
6.8 ;fj{hlgs d7, dlGb/, b]jfno, u'Daf, tLy{:ynnufotdf bz{gfyL{af6 r9fOg] e]6L3f6L Joj:yfkgdf
;d:of b]lvPsf]n] ;a} /sd rGbf afs;df ;Íng u/L cfDbfgL hgfpg], k|fKt x'g] ax'd"No wft' tyf
kTy/sf] tf}n / ;+Vof b'j}sf] cfwf/df cfDbfgL afFWg] / tL wfld{s ;+:yfsf] ljsf; lgdf{0f ;~rfngdf
vr{ ug]{ Joj:yfsf] k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 .
6.9 k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf ;Dkbf tyf ;Fu|xfnox?df /x]sf] ax'd"No j:t'sf] clen]v, dd{t ;Def/ / ;+/If0f
ug'{kb{5 .
7. ;]jf k|jfx – ;a} ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] ;]jfu|fxLsf dfu / pknAw ;fj{hlgs ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] clwstd
pkof]u u/L ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ ldtJooL, k|efjsf/L / bIftfk"j{s ;~rfng ug{ b]xfoadf]lhd ;'wf/
ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5M
7.1 k|To]s lgsfon] xfn k|jfx ul//x]sf] ;]jfsf] tYofÍLo clen]v /fvL lgsfosf] s'n ;]jf k|jfx Ifdtf
;DaGwdf ljZn]if0f u/L ;+u7g tyf Joj:yfkg ;e]{If0fsf dfWodaf6 hgzlQm Joj:yfkg ug]{ tyf
cfjZos oGqpks/0fsf] Joj:yf ldnfO{ ;]jf k|jfx k|efjsf/L x'g] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
7.2 ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u dfkm{t ;]jfu|fxLsf] ;do, b'/L / nfut 36fpg ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 ;]jf k|jfx
ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 . o;sf nflu ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] df]afOn PlKns]zgx? tyf j]a;fO6sf]
ljsf; ug'{sf ;fy} ljB'tLo k|0ffnLaf6 e'QmfgL u/L ;'/lIft ;]jf k|bfg ug'{kb{5 .
7.3 ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] kx'Fr gePsf] / a9L ;]jfu|fxLsf] pkl:ylt x'g] :yfgdf ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo /
k|efjsf/L agfpg rqmLo ;do k|0ffnL k'gM nfu' ug'{kg]{ tyf 6f]sg k|0ffnL, Psåf/ ;]jf k|0ffnL /
x]Nk8]:s k|0ffnL sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
7.4 ;fj{hlgs lgsfox?n] ul//x]sf ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ cfwf/e"t -Core_ / u}/cfwf/e"t -Non Core_ ;]jfdf
5'6\ofO{ cfwf/e"t sfo{ h:t} gful/stf, hUufwgL k|df0fk'hf{, /fxbfgL h:tf ;+j]bgzLn ;]jfx?
;/sf/L lgsfon] k|bfg ug]{ / u}/cfwf/e"t sfo{x? h:t} o'l6ln6L e'QmfgL h:tf ;]jfx? afx\o ;]jf
k|bfosnfO{ lhDdf lbO{ pQm ;]jf k|jfxsf] cg'udg ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
7.5 6]nL x]Ny tyf O–x]Ny h:tf cfw'lgs ;]jf k|jfxsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kb{5 . o;sf nflu 5'§} x]Ny sf8{
hf/L u/L :jf:Yo ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ 5l/tf], ljZj;gLo / ldtJooL agfpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
7.6 :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;xh kx'Frsf nflu hgzlQm, pks/0f / ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] dfkb08 lgwf{/0f tyf
dfusf] cfwf/df cfjZostf klxrfg u/L ;dodf vl/b, cf}iflwsf] cfk"lt{ / ljt/0fsf] Joj:yf
ldnfpg'kb{5 . lghL c:ktfnsf] ;]jf / z'Nssf] cg'udg tyf lgodg Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 . o;sf] nflu
:jf:Yo ;]jfsf] lgodgsf/L lgsfo :yfkgf ug'{kb{5 .
7.7 ;]jfu|fxLsf] a9L rfk /xg] dfnkf]t, gfkL, j}b]lzs /f]huf/, oftfoft Joj:yf nufotsf sfof{non]
k|bfg ug]{ ;]jfdf dWo:y jf larf}nLofx?sf] e"ldsf lg?T;flxt ug{ cfjZos sd{rf/L Joj:yf u/L
x]Nk8]:s ;~rfng ug]{ tyf ;]jf lng] k|lqmof / cjlwnfO{ ;s];Dd sd u/L cgfjZos sfuhL
k|lqmof x6fpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 . cWofudg ;]jfnfO{ ;"rgf k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t agfO{ O{–le;f tyf
cg'udg k|0ffnL z'?jft ug'k{ b{5 .
7.8 Ifltk"lt{ ;lxtsf] gful/s a8fkq /fvL ;f] adf]lhd ;fj{hlgs lgsfon] ;]jf k|jfx u/] gu/]sf],
;dod} ;]jf k|jfx gu/]sf]df ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ lbg] Joj:yf nfu" eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf k|efjsf/L
cg'udg x'g'kb{5 .
7.9 lzIffnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo, ;j{;'ne / nfutk|efjL agfpg lgMz'Ns kf7\ok':ts ;dodf g} ;j{;'ne ljt/0f,
lzIfssf] tflnd tyf Ifdtf clej[l4, k7gkf7gsf] u'0f:t/ cg'udg, lghL ljBfnosf] z'Ns cg'udg,
k|fljlws tyf /f]huf/d"ns lzIffnufotsf ljifodf hf]8 lbg'kb{5 .
7.10 ahf/df Go"g u'0f:t/Lo, sd tf}n tyf Dofb gf3]sf j:t' tyf ;]jf cfk"lt{ x'g], cTofjZos j:t'sf]
cefj, sfnf]ahf/Lnufotsf ;d:of /x]sf]n] ;Da4 lgsfosf] ;dGjodf ahf/ cg'udg tyf sf/afxL
ug'{kb{5 .
7.11 ljsf; lgdf{0f / ;]jf k|jfx ;DaGwL Pp6} sfd ug{ ljleGg lgsfo v8f ePsf], ljefu / s]Gb|Lo
sfof{no, If]qLo, l8lehg, lhNnf, Onfsf sfof{no /x]sf]df k'g/fjnf]sg u/L ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo
txsf] ;+u7g r':t, 5l/tf] / sfddf bf]xf]/f]kg gx'g] u/L ldnfpg'kb{5 .
7.12 e'sDkaf6 Ifltu|:t lghL, ;fj{hlgs / k'/ftflTjs ;+/rgfx? k'gMlgdf{0f eO{ g;s]sf], k|efljtsf]
tYofÍ oyf{yk/s gePsf] cj:yfnfO{ lg/fs/0f ug{ cg'bfgsf] cg'udg, Psåf/ gLlt cjnDag,
k|fljlws hgzlQmsf] kl/rfng / sfo{k|ultcg';f/ cg'bfg k|jfxdf ;/nLs/0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .

7.13 ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] ;+u7g ;+/rgf tof/ eO{ sd{rf/L ;dfof]hg ePkl5 klg cfjZos
sfof{nodf sd{rf/L kb:yfkgf gx'g], sltko sfof{nodf a9L sd{rf/L kb:yfkgf eO{ lgliqmo a:g] /
sfhdf a:g] h:tf ljifonfO{ lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
7.14 ljleGg tflnd s]Gb|sf] sfo{ k'g;{+/rgf u/L hgzlQmnfO{ ;Ifd agfpg Jofjxfl/s / sfo{;Dkfbgdf
cfwfl/t nfdf] cjlwsf] tflnd lbg] / cg';Gwfgd"ns lqmofsnfk;d]t ;~rfng x'g] u/L s]Gb|Lo
tflnd s]Gb|x?nfO{ ;]G6/ ckm PlS;n]G;sf] ?kdf ?kfGt/0f ug'{ h?/L 5 .
8. /fh:j k|zf;gdf ;'wf/ – /fh:j ;Íng a9\b} uPklg /fh:jsf] k|If]k0f, s/ nfUg] sf/f]af/ ug]{ ;a}
s/bftfnfO{ s/sf] bfo/fdf Nofpg, s/ kl/kfngfsf]:t/ a9fpg, s/ pknlAw / cg'udg Pj+ s/
k/LIf0f ;DaGwdf b]xfoadf]lhd ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 M
8.1 /fh:j k|If]k0fnfO{ j}1flgs Pj+ kf/bzL{ agfpg] / s/ ;DaGwL sfg'gnfO{ ;do ;fk]If agfpg'kg]{
b]lvG5 .
8.2 s"n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] cfwf/ k'gd{"NofÍg u/L gofF Joj;fox? k|j]z ePsf] ;Gbe{df ;d;fdlos
;'wf/ u/L oyfy{ cj:yf olsg ug'{kb{5 .
8.3 /fh:j k|zf;gn] nIo cg';f/ /fh:j c;'nL u/]sf] pNn]v u/]klg sf/f]af/df cfwfl/t d"No Pj+ ljZj
eG;f/ ;+u7gsf] xfdf]{gfOH8 sf]8sf] cfwf/df dfn j:t'sf] 3f]if0ff / dxz'n c;'nLdf yk k|efjsfl/tf
Nofpg eG;f/ d"NofÍgnfO{ oyfy{k/s agfO{ ;"rgf k|ljlwdfkm{t ;a} lgodgsf/L lgsfodf cGt/
cfj4tf ug]{ Pj+ eG;f/ b/aGbL JofVofnfO{ yk :ki6 ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
8.4 dfn j:t'sf] vl/b laqmLdf lan lng] lbg], ;f]sf] n]vfÍg, ljj/0f / nfUg] s/ :jo+ lgwf{/0fsf] sfo{df
cem} ;'wf/ cfPsf] 5}g . d"No clej[l4 s/ q]ml86 tyf z"Go ljj/0f a'emfpg] / ljj/0f ga'emfpg]
s/bftfsf] ;+Vof a9]sf] 5 eg] 8]la6 ljj/0f a'emfpg]sf] ;+Vof Go"g /x]sf] 5 . s/ kl/kfngf ;DaGwL
sdhf]/L Go"g ug{ ahf/ ;j]{If0f tyf cg'udg, df}Hbft k/LIf0f, lalnª OGkmf];{d]G6nufotsf
lgoGq0ffTds sfo{ljlw cjnDag ug'{kb{5 . lalnË ;ˆ6jo/sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog u/L cfGtl/s
/fh:j ljefu;Fu tYofÍ cfbfg k|bfg -lnÍ_ x'g] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
8.5 cfly{s P]gdf b|i6Jo /fvL 5'6 lbg] sfo{df sdL cfPklg o;nfO{ cem} Go"g ug]{ / /fh:j 5'6sf]
n]vfÍg u/L k|ltj]bg ug]{ Pj+ cGt/f{li6«o cEof; cg';/0f ug'{kb{5 . k6s] lg0f{oaf6 /fh:j 5'6
lbPsf] /sd / ;f]sf] k|df0f d"NofÍg gePsf]n] 5'6sf] c;/ ljZn]if0f u/L o;df k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{kb{5 .
8.6 ;~rfns ;fk6L, c;'/lIft C0f tyf cGo k|lqmofaf6 ;fem]bf/x?n] Joj;fodf /sd pknAw u/fpFbf
jf nufgL ubf{ pQm /sd j}wflgs tj/n] cfh{g u/L s/ lt/]sf] ;'lglZrt ug{ clgjfo{ ?kdf
;~rfnsn] ;d]t :yfoL n]vf gDa/ lnO{ sf/f]af/sf] :jo+ s/ lgwf{/0f ug]{ k4ltsf] yfngL ug'{kb{5 .
;a} k];f tyf Joj;fo ug]{sf] cGt/ lgsfo ;"rgf lnO{ ;a}nfO{ :yfoL n]vf gDa/ k|bfg ug]{ tyf cfo
ljj/0f k]; u/]sf] k|df0f k]; ePkl5 dfq :yfoL n]vf gDa/ gjLs/0f ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
8.7 ;fdflhs ;+hfn, ;f]l;on ldl8of, cg nfO{g Joj;fo nufot ljB'tLo sf/f]af/df g]kfnsf] sf/f]af/
;+/If0f ug{ g]kfnaf6 pTklQ ePsf] sf/f]af/df s/ lng] u/L sfg'gL Joj:yf ldnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o:t/df
kxn ug'{kb{5 .
8.8 :yfoL ;+:yfkg, d"No x:tfGt/0f, bL3{sfnLg s/f/, bf]xf]/f] s/ d'lQm ;Demf}tf / s/ d'lQmsf] of]hgf
nufotsf ljifodf yk :ki6tf Nofpg] u/L lgb]{lzsf agfpg'kg]{, kl/dfh{g Pj+ sfof{Gjogsf]
dfWodaf6 s/ r'xfj6sf] hf]lvdnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ k|efjsf/L pkfo cjnDag ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
8.9 s/bftfx?sf] Jofj;flos nfut 36fO{ u'0ffTds ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ / s/ sfg'gsf] kfngf u/fO{ s/
;xeflutf j[l4 ug]{, s/bftf juL{s/0f u/L ;dfg cfonfO{ ;dfg s/sf] cjwf/0ff sfof{Gjogdf
Nofpg'kb{5 .

8.10 cfoft, lgof{t, 3/hUuf, j:t' tyf ;]jf laqmLdf Go"g aLhsLs/0f jf Go"g d"NofÍg /x]sf]n] lgoGq0f
ug{ cGt/lgsfo ;"rgf cfbfg k|bfg Pj+ lgodg / s/ ;"rgf Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL :yfkgf u/L r'xfj6
lgoGq0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
8.11 s/ cg';Gwfgdf sdhf]/L /x]sf]n] hf]lvd ;"qsf cfwf/df s/bftf 5gf}6 u/L s/ k/LIf0f ug]{ u/]sf]df
dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{noaf6 n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ k|z:t q'l6 / s/ 5nL ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . cg';Gwfg
;+oGq ljsf; u/L s/ 5nL lgoGq0f ug'{kb{5 .
8.12 s/k/LIf0f kZrft ljjfbsf] l;h{gf x'g] tyf ;+zf]lwt s/ lgwf{/0f kZrft\ k'gM ;+zf]lwt s/ lgwf{/0f
ug'{kg]{ cj:yfn] s/ k/LIf0fsf] u'0f:t/df c;/ k/]sf] 5 . s/ k/LIf0fsf] u'0f:t/ clej[l4 ug{ s/
k|zf;gdf ;+nUg hgzlQmsf] Ifdtf ljsf;, hf]lvd ;"rssf] cfjlws k'g/fjnf]sg u/L lglZrt
cjlwdf ;a} hf]lvdo'Qm s/bftf 5gf}6 x'g] k4ltsf] cjnDag Pj+ cg'udg u/L ;xL s/ lgwf{/0f
(Right Taxation) sf] cjwf/0f sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg'kb{5 .
8.13 s/ lgwf{/0fkZrft\ nfdf] ;do aSof}tf /xg], ljjfb l;h{gf eO{ d'2f dfldnf xF'bf /fh:j ;Íngdf
gsf/fTds c;/ k/]sf] 5 . ljjfbnfO{ ;dodf g} lg?k0f ug]{ Pj+ ljjfb l;h{gf x'g] ljifox?NffO{
sfg'gL ?kdf :ki6 ug]{ / ;a} sfg'gL pkfo cjnDag ub} s8fOsf ;fy /fh:j aSof}tf c;'nL
ug'{kb{5 .
8.14 s/ n]vfk/LIfsn] Go"gtd ?kdf le8fg ug'{kg]{, olsg ug'{kg]{ / k|dfl0ft ug'{kg]{ ljifo gtf]s]sf]]n]
n]vfk/LIfsn] k|dfl0ft n]vf ;DaGwdf cg'udg u/L k];fut bfloTj kfngf gug]{ s/ n]vfk/LIfsnfO{
lhDd]jf/ agfO{ sf/afxL ug]{ Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
8.15 s/ k/LIf0f u/L s/ bfloTj sfod ubf{ s/bftfn]] k]; u/]sf] ljj/0fsf] cfwf/df s/ lgwf{/0f u/]sf], ;f]
ljj/0f afx]s s'g} ;"rgf kfPdf h'g;'s} avt s/ lgwf{/0f ug{ ;lsg] zt{ ;lxt s/ lgwf{/0f cfb]z
s/ clws[tn] hf/L ug]{ ljifodf ;'wf/ u/L s/bftfaf6 cfo ljj/0f ;fy ;a} sf/f]af/ ;dfj]z ePsf]
:ki6f]lQm 3f]if0ff u/fO{ s/ k/LIf0f kZrft\ 5'6]sf] s/ bfloTjsf ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L s/ bftf, s/
n]vfk/LIfs, s/ k/LIf0f ug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ ;d]t lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
8.16 ljz]if lsl;dsf j:t' tyf ;]jf, dfgj :jf:Yo / jftfj/0fnfO{ k|lts"n c;/ kfg]{ If]qdf cGtMz'Ns
nufpg] tyf cg'Tkfbs tyf ljnfl;tfsf j:t'x?sf] cfoft / pkef]unfO{ Jojl:yt u/L s/ nufpg]
;DaGwdf cWoog ug'{kb{5 .
8.17 u}/s/sf b/ nfdf] ;dob]lv k'g/fjnf]sg gu/]sf]n] ;]jf k|jfx, nfut, ;'ljwf, k|ljlwsf] pkof]u /
;do;d]tnfO{ dWogh/ /fvL s/sf b/x? ;d;fdlos agfpg'kb{5 .
8.18 s/sf] bfo/f lj:tf/ Pj+ cfly{s sf/f]af/sf] If]q / k|s[ltdf ePsf] kl/j{tg;d]tnfO{ dWoghg/ /fvL
s/ k|zf;gsf] pkl:ylt Pj+ ;+/rgf lgwf{/0f ug'k{ b{5 .
9. ;fj{hlgs ljQLo Joj:yfkg;Fu ;DalGwt sfg'g – ;fj{hlgs hjfkmb]lxtf tyf kf/blz{tf clej[l4
u/L ljQLo ;'zf;g sfod ug{ ;fj{hlgs ljQLo Joj:yfkg;Fu ;DalGwt sfg'gdf b]xfoadf]lhd
;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 M
9.1 cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf !^,@^ / ## df /x]sf hl/jfgf ;DaGwL Joj:yf ;dofg's"n
kl/dfh{g ug'{kg]{, cfly{s ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ ;dofjlw sd ug'{kg]{, ;a} e'QmfgL r]sdfkm{t u/L
sd{rf/LnfO{ k]:sL lbg] sfg'gL Joj:yf k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{kb{5 .
9.2 lgolGqt lgsfo / lgoGqs lgsfosf] kl/efiff / lhDd]jf/L tf]sL ;+3Lo cfly{s sfo{ljlw tyf ljQLo
pQ/bfloTj P]g Nofpg'kb{5 .
9.3 k|To]s dGqfnodf n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldlt u7g ug]{, ;Dk/LIf0f ;DaGwdf sfg'gL ?kdf :ki6 ug'{kg]{,
lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ePsf] k|df0fsf] cfwf/df k]:sL k|bfg ug]{ laifodf ;'wf/ x'g'kb{5 .

9.4 lgdf{0f sfo{sf] k]:sLsf] ;Ldf 36fpg], k]:sLdf Jofh lng] Joj:yf ug]{ / k/fdz{ ;]jfdf sfo{;Dkfbg
hdfgtsf] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
9.5 ;a} sfof{non] k|of]u ug]{ d;nGb nufotsf ;fdu|Ldf PsLs[t 7]Ssf Joj:yfkgaf6 b/ lgwf{/0f ug]{ /
af]nkq k]; ug]{ ;dofjlw sd ug]{ Joj:yf ug]{ sfg'gdf ;'wf/ ug'k{ b{5 .
9.6 cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg ubf{ cfof]hgf ;DkGg ePkl5 lglZrt cjlw;Dd lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ dd{t
sfo{sf] lhDdf lbFb+f lgdf{0f sfo{ u'0f:t/Lo / sDtLdf pQm cjlw;Dd ;+/rgf lbuf] x'g hfg] b]lvPsf]n]
lgdf{0f / dd{t ljlw cjnDag ug{ vl/b sfg'gdf cfjZos ;+zf]wg ug'{kb{5 .
9.7 ;Demf}tfadf]lhd ;dodf sfd ;DkGg gePdf sfo{ ;DkGg x'g g;Sgfsf] sf/0f / lhDd]jf/ kIf :ki6
pNn]v u/L ;'? ;Demf}tf cjlwsf] lglZrt ;doeGbf a9L Dofb yk gug]{, l9nfOsf] lhDd]jf/L klxrfg
ug]{ cfwf/ / nfut cg'dfgadf]lhdsf] sfd ;DkGg ug]{ ;dofjlw tf]Sg] ;"q÷ljlw ;fj{hlgs vl/b
lgodfjnLdf /fVg'kb{5 . ;fy} 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf cGTo ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yfnfO{ yk :ki6 / Jofjxfl/s
agfpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
9.8 ;fj{hlgs vl/b lgodfjnLdf lgdf{0f sfo{sf] q'l6k"0f{ 8«Oª, l8hfOg jf nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug]{ /
:jLs[t ug]{nfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg] elgP klg :ki6 cfwf/ / dfkb08 lgwf{/0f ug{ g;Sbf ;f] kl/kf6L
lgoGq0f x'g g;s]sf]n] :ki6 lhDd]jf/L tf]sL s8f sfg'gL Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
9.9 Go"g saf]n u/L sfo{ gug]{ hf]lvdnfO{ Go"g ug{ yk hdfgt /fVg] Joj:yf u/] klg Go"g saf]n ug]{
k|rngdf ;'wf/ ePsf] 5}g . o;af6 sfdsf] u'0f:t/df ;d]t c;/ kg]{ l:ylt 5 . nfut cg'dfgeGbf
cTolws Go"g saf]n ug]{ k|rngnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ;a} k|efju|fxL af]nkqbftfdWo] nfut cg'dfgeGbf
cTolws, ;a}eGbf pRr / cTolws Go"g saf]n ug]{nfO{ x6fO{ afFsL af]nkqbftfsf cf};t saf]n
cÍsf] glhs x'g] af]nkqbftfsf] af]nkq :jLs[t x'g] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 . o; k|of]hgsf] nflu
lgodfjnLdf g} ;"q /fVg] Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
9.10 Pp6} lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] IfdtfeGbf w]/} sfd lnO{ ;dodf sfo{ ;DkGg gug]{ cj:yfnfO{ lg/fs/0f ug{
af]nkqsf] d"NofÍgsf] qmddf lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] s'n Ifdtf d"NofÍg u/L ljutdf ;Demf}tf u/L
sfof{Gjog r/0fdf /x]sf 7]Ssfsf] kl/df0fsf] cfwf/df lglZrt cÍ s§f ug]{ jf lgdf{0f Joj;foLn]
cfˆgf] k'FhL, pks/0f, hgzlQmsf] cfwf/df lng;Sg] clwstd sfdsf] kl/df0f tf]Sg] sfg'gL Joj:yf
ug{'kb{5 .
9.11 7"nf ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0fsf] sfo{:yndf ;f] sfd lhDdf lng] lgdf{0f Joj;foL, ;f]sf] 7]Ssf cÍ, ;DkGg
ug'{kg]{ ;dofjlwsf] cnfjf ;f] sfdsf] l8hfOg, nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug]{, :jLs[t ug]{, sfdsf] /]vb]v
ug]{ / sfo{;DkGg k|ltj]bg :jLs[t ug]{ kbflwsf/Lsf] ljj/0f pNn]v ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf lgodfjnLdf
ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
10. ljQLo pQ/bfloTj kfngf M k|rlnt sfg'gL Joj:yf cg';f/ lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/Ln] tf]lsP adf]lhdsf]
lhDd]jf/L k"/f gu/]sf] sf/0f ljQLo cg'zf;g, hjfkmb]lxtf / kf/blz{tf sfod ug{ tyf ;fj{hlgs
vr{sf] plrt k|ltkmn k|fKt ug{ ;d:of b]lvPsf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{
b]lvG5 .
10.1 ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txaf6 ;Dkflbt sfo{sf] ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L / pQ/bfloTj ;DalGwt lgsfosf] n]vf
pQ/bfoL clws[t x'g] Joj:yfnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg'kb{5 .
10.2 lgsfon] u/]sf] ;fj{hlgs vr{ / ;Dkflbt sfo{sf] glthf d"NofÍg ug]{ tyf b]lvPsf sdL–sdhf]/L
k|lt lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/L ;lxt ;DalGwt n]vf pQ/bfoL clws[tnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg'kb{5 .
10.3 lgjf{lrt÷dgf]lgt kbflwsf/Laf6 ePsf] lg0f{o k|lt pQ/bfoL agfO{ pQm lg0f{oaf6 s'g} ;/sf/L xflg–
gf]S;fgL x'g uPdf sf/afxL x'g] u/L sfg'gL Joj:yfdf ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .

10.4 ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfg / lglZrt /sdeGbf dflysf cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf ;"rsx? tof/ u/L ;f]sf
cfwf/df sfo{;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf u/L ;+:yfg k|d'v tyf cfof]hgf k|d'vsf] lgo'lQm ug'{kg]{, ;fy} ;+:yfg
jf cfof]hgfsf] cfjlws d"NofÍg u/L ;Dkflbt sfo{ k|lt lghnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfpg] k4ltsf] cjnDag
ug'{kb{5 . ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfg k|d'vx?sf] clen]v /fvL lhDd]jf/L lgjf{xdf pbf;LgnfO{ k'gM lgo'lQm
gug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
10.5 lglZrt tx eGbf dfly sfo{/t sd{rf/L tyf /fhg}lts kbflwsf/Lsf] ljQLo pQ/bfloTj kfngf
l:yltsf] d"NofÍg ug]{ / ;f]sf cfwf/df dfq cGo ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf sfof{Gjogdf
Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
10.6 tf]lsPsf] ;dodf n]vf ljj/0f k]; gug]{, cfGtl/s tyf clGtd n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fpg], ;/sf/L tyf
;fj{hlgs ;DklQ, gubL tyf lhG;L ;fdfgsf] b'?kof]u ug]{ nufot ;fj{hlgs lxt ljk/Lt sfo{ ug]{
sd{rf/L÷kbflwsf/LnfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL x'g] cj:yfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 .
10.7 k|rlnt sfg'gsf] kl/kfngfdf clej[l4 Nofpg], pQ/bfoL x'g] ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; u/L b08ljxLgtfsf]
cGTo x'g'kb{5 . lgjf{lrt tyf ;fj{hlgs kbdf lgo'Qm kbflwsf/L, sd{rf/L tyf ;]jf k|jfxdf ;+nUg
JolQm, ;+:yf cfk"mn] u/]sf] lg0f{o tyf sfo{sf] hjfkmb]lxtf / lhDd]jf/L jxg ug]{ ;DaGwdf sfg'gdf
Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
10.8 a]?h" km5\of}{6 ;DaGwdf cg'udg Pj+ d"NofÍgsf nflu ;ldlt u7g eO{ ;fljssf] a]?h" km5\of}{6 ug{
nIo lgwf{/0f u/L nIocg';f/ k|ult xfl;n eP gePsf] cg'udg ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . xfn a]?h" km5\of}{6sf]
cg'udg ubf{ a]?h" cÍnfO{ dfq cfwf/ dfGg] u/]sf] 5 . ;fljssf] a]?h" km5\of}{6 ug]{ t/ k'gM ;f]xL
k|s[ltsf] 36gf jf Jojxf/df ;'wf/ gug]{ cj:yf 5 . h;n] ubf{ Pp6} k|s[ltsf] a]?h" af/Daf/
bf]xf]l//x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;DalGwt lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/Ln] tf]s]sf] ;doleq} ;'emfj sfof{Gjog ug]{, a]?h"
km5\of}{6 ug]{ / o; ;DaGwdf tfn's lgsfon] cg'udg ug'{kb{5 .
10.9 cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod $% n] clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] ;/sf/L /sd
lgsf;f lbFbf jf vr{ ubf{ lgoldt, ldtJooL, bIf, k|efjsf/L / cf}lrTok"0f{ tj/n] ug'{kg]{ /
u/]sf sf/f]af/sf] cfGtl/s hfFr u/L jf u/fO{ 7Ls 5 eg] s'/fdf ljZj:t x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . pQm
sfg'gL Joj:yf kfngf gePsf] sf/0fn] g} a]?h" x'g] u/]sf] 5 . ctM a]?h" sfod ePkl5 km5\of}{6
ug]{tk{m eGbf a]?h" cfpg} glbg] Joj:yf ul/g'k5{ .
10.10 ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltn] u/]sf lg0f{o sfof{Gjog gug]{, n]vfk/LIf0f g} gu/fpg], sfo{;Dkfbg ;Demf}tf
u/] klg ;f] cg'?k sfd sf/afxL gx'g] cj:yfnfO{ Go"g ug{ sd{rf/L Pj+ lgjf{lrt kbflwsf/Ln] u/]sf]
lg0f{odf hjfkmb]lxtf lng'kg]{ / b'?kof]u ePdf sf/afxL x'g] Joj:yf;lxt ljQLo pQ/bfloTj ;DaGwL
sfg'g th'{df ug{'kb{5 .
10.11 ljQLo Joj:yfkg kIf;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no, dxfn]vfk/LIfssf]
sfof{no, clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u, cy{ dGqfno, dxfn]vf
lgoGqssf] sfof{no, /fli6«o ;tstf{ s]Gb|, ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f cg';Gwfg ljefu, cfGtl/s /fh:j
ljefu, eG;f/ ljefu, /fh:j cg';Gwfg ljefu, s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefu, sDkgL /lhi6«f/ sfof{no,
g]kfn /fi6« a}Í h:tf lgodgsf/L lgsfoaLr ;"rgf cfbfg k|bfg ug]{ ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug'{kb{5 .
11. ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] pkof]u – kl/jlt{t ;Gbe{df ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] pkof]u dfkm{t\ ;"rgf cfbfg k|bfg,
;Íng, ;]jf k|jfx, kf/blz{tf / lg0f{o k|lqmof nufotsf ljifonfO{ ;do / nfut k|efjL agfpg
Wofg lbg'kb{5 . o; ;DaGwdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5M
11.1 cGt/;DalGwt lgsfosf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf ;xof]u k'Ug] dxTjk"0f{ ;"rgfx? cfbfg–k|bfg / pkof]u ug{]
k4ltsf] ljsf; u/L lgsfosf] sfo{ k|lqmof;Fu cfj4 u/L sfo{;Dkfbg Ifdtfdf clej[l4 ug'{kb{5 .

11.2 ;/sf/L lgsfodf k|of]u eO/x]sf ;"rgf k|ljlw ;ˆ6j]o/x?df Ps?ktf Nofpg pko'Qm ;/sf/L
;"rgf k|ljlw cfls{6]Sr/ tof/ u/L ;a} ;ˆ6j]o/ ;f]xL cfls{6]Sr/df tof/ ug]{ / ;"rgf k|ljlw
ljefuaf6 :jLs[t ug]{ Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 .
11.3 ;/sf/L lgsfodf k|of]u eO/x]sf] ;ˆ6j]o/x?sf] ;"rgf k|ljlw n]vfk/LIf0f u/L OGk'6, k|f];]; /
cfp6k'6 ;'/lIft / e/kbf]{ /x]sf] ;'lglZrt x'g'kb{5 . ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] dfWodaf6 ;"rgfx? ;fj{hlgs
u/L lgsfo;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{df kf/blz{tf / hjfkmb]lxtf l;h{gf ug]{ tyf ;'zf;g k|a4{gdf ;xof]uL
x'g] u/L k|efjsf/L / afWofTds agfpg'kb{5 .
11.4 gful/ssf] b}lgs hLjg;Fu k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] tyf ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf ljifodf gful/s ;r]tgf
clej[l4 ug{ pko'Qm ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; / sfof{Gjogdf Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
11.5 ;fj{hlgs lgsfosf] sfo{ k|s[lt cg';f/ ;]jf k|jfx;Fu ;DalGwt pko'Qm ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ljsf; u/L
;dfg sfo{ k|s[lt ePsf lgsfon] Pp6} ;"rgf k|ljlw k|0ffnL k|of]u ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
12. n]vfÍg tyf k|ltj]bg k|0ffnL – ;fj{hlgs lgsfosf] n]vf k|0ffnL, n]vf 9fFrfsf] :jLs[lt tyf ljQLo
k|ltj]bg k|0ffnLdf ;do;fk]If ;'wf/ u/L ;fj{hlgs sf]ifsf] kf/blz{tf / ljZj;gLotf k|j4{g ug{
b]xfoadf]lhd ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5M
12.1 g]kfn ;/sf/af6 @)^^.%.#) df ;fj{hlgs If]qsf] nflu g]kfn ;fj{hlgs If]q n]vfdfg -g]K;f;_ sf]
sfof{Gjog ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] 5 . pQm dfgb08 nfu" ug]{ sfo{df l9nfO{ ePsf]n] sfo{ of]hgf agfO{
nfu" ug"kb{5 . cGt/f{li6«o:t/df gubdf cfwfl/t n]vfdfg -OK;f;_ nfu" e};s]sf]n] ;f]sf] cfwf/df
n]vf tyf n]vfÍg k|0ffnL cBfjlws ug'{kb{5 . of] n]vf tyf n]vfÍg k|0ffnL ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo
txdf ;d]t sfof{Gjogdf Wofg lbg'kb{5 .
12.2 g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] dxfn]vfk/LIfsaf6 n]vfk/LIf0f ul/g] ;a} lgsfosf] n]vfsf] 9fFrf dxfn]vfk/LIfsn]
tf]Sg] Joj:yf u/] tfklg dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] :Ljs[lt glnO{ ljleGg lgsfon] 5'§f–5'§} n]vf;DaGwL
;ˆ6j]o/ lgdf{0f u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf 5g\ . To:tf ;ˆ6j]o/sf] k|of]u ;DaGwdf k"j{ :jLs[lt
lng'kb{5 .
12.3 n]vfÍgsf nflu k|of]udf /x]sf] sDKo'6/df cfwfl/t PsLs[t ;/sf/L n]vfk|0ffnL -l;Uof;_ nfO{ k"0f{
sfof{Gjogdf NofO{ n]vfsf uf]Zjf/f ef}r/, vftf / jflif{s cfly{s ljj/0f :jrflnt ?kdf tof/ x'g]
tyf Go"gtd cfwf/e"t n]vf;DaGwL sfuhft cknf]8 x'g] Joj:yf;d]t ldnfpg'kb{5 . o; k|0ffnLsf]
cltl/Qm k|b]z tyf :yfgLo txsf] sf/f]af/ ;d]tnfO{ ;d]6\g] PsLs[t k|ltj]bgsf] ;ˆ6j]o/ nfu" u/L
ljQLo k|ltj]bg k|0ffnLdf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg'kb{5 .
12.4 dxfn]vf lgoGqsaf6 :jLs[t PsLs[t cfly{s ;+s]t tyf juL{s/0f / JofVof, @)&$ sf] sfof{Gjog
gu/]sf]n] ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] tTsfn k|of]u ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
12.5 gubdf cfwfl/t ljQLo k|ltj]bg k|0ffnLaf6 k|f]befjL -Pq'mcn_ n]vf k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t ljQLo
k|ltj]bg k|0ffnLdf ?kfGt/0f ug]{ ;DjGwdf cfjZos kxn ug'{kb{5 .
12.6 :yfgLo txn] ;d]t dxfn]vfk/LIfsaf6 :jLs[t 9fFrfdf n]vf /fvL ljQLo k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{kb{5 .
12.7 cGt/ ;/sf/L ljQ Joj:yfkg P]g, @)&$ adf]lhd afF8kmfF8 x'g] /fh:jsf] nflu ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo
txdf ljefHo sf]if v8f ug]{, /fli6«o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfof]usf] l;kmfl/;df af‘8kmfF8 ug]{ /
ljefHo sf]ifnfO{ bfloTjsf] ?kdf n]vfÍg u/L jiff{Gtdf z"Go df}Hbft x'g] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
12.8 k|b]z tyf :yfgLo txsf] cfDbfgL / vr{nfO{ ;+3Lo ljQLo k|ltj]bgdf PsLs[t x'g] Joj:yf ldnfO{
PsLs[t ljQLo k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{kb{5 .

13. cfGtl/s lgoGq0f Pj+ cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f – ;fj{hlgs ;|f]t ;fwgsf] clwstd pkof]u u/L
;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ ldtJooL, k|efjsf/L / bIftfk"0f{ agfO{ cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnL ;an
agfpg Pj+ cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg b]xfoadf]lhd ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 M
13.1 ;+3, k|b]z tyf :yfgLo txn] If]qut ?kdf cfrf/;+lxtf hf/L u/L ;f]sf] s8fOsf ;fy kl/kfngf Pj+
cg'udg ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 . ;fy} ljsf; lgdf{0f, sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog, k|zf;lgs vr{
Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf k'g/fjnf]sg u/L dfkb08 lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .
13.2 ;+3, k|b]z tyf :yfgLo txsf ;fj{hlgs lgsfo / ;+ul7t ;+:yfx?n]] ;DalGwt sfg'g, cfjlws tyf
jflif{s gLlt tyf sfo{qmd adf]lhd xfl;n ug'{kg]{ ;+:yfut p2]Zo k|fKt ug]{ qmddf cfO{kg{ ;Sg]
hf]lvdsf] klxrfg ug]{, cfFsng ug]{, ltgsf] ljZn]if0f u/L tLj|tf / kl/df0fsf] cfwf/df k|fyldstf
lgwf{/0f u/L tL ljifonfO{ Joj:yfkg ug{ cfjZos /0fgLlt jf sfo{gLlt ;lxtsf] hf]lvd Joj:yfkg
k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug'{kb{5 .
13.3 ;fj{hlgs lgsfo / ;+ul7t ;+:yfx?n]] cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, lgod tyf cGo ljifout tyf If]qut
sfg'g / cfjlws tyf jflif{s gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf ePsf Joj:yf adf]lhd ;]jf k|jfx, sfo{qmd
;~rfng, cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg / cfly{s sf/f]af/ ubf{ kfngf ug'{kg]{ lgoGq0f Joj:yf / ljifout
tyf If]qut ;fj{hlgs lgsfox?nfO{ nfu" x'g] lgoGq0f k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 . o;/L :yflkt
lgoGq0f k|0ffnLsf] sfof{Gjogsf] lg/Gt/ tyf cfjlws cg'udg d"NofÍg ug]{ / k|fKt k[i7kf]if0fsf]
cfwf/df lhDd]jf/ JolQmnfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ b08, k'/:sf/ tyf Ifdtf clej[l4sf] Joj:yf ub}{ hfg]
k|0ffnL ljsf; ug'{kb{5 .
13.4 ;fj{hlgs lgsfo / ;+ul7t ;+:yfx?n]] Hff]lvd Joj:yfkg / cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnLsf] k|efjsf/L
sfof{Gjog ug{ sfd, st{Jo, lhDd]jf/L, k|ltj]bg ug'{kg]{ tx, ;do, tl/sf, :j?k / pknAw x'g]
ef}lts ;|f]t ;fwg ;lxt :ki6 sfo{If]qut clwsf/ lglZrt u/]sf] ;+:yfut ;+/rgf tof/ ug'{kb{5 .
13.5 cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fsf] k|efjsfl/tf, cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fsf] sfof{Tds :jtGqtf sfod /fVg tof/
u/]sf]] ;+u7gfTds Joj:yf, k];fut ;Ifdtf, dfu{bz{g, dfgb08, lgb]{lzsfsf] pknAwtf / Ifdtf
clej[l4 sfo{qmd, sfo{ljlw tyf ;'kl/j]If0fsf tl/sfx? / cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgsf]
sfof{Gjogdf e/kb{5 . cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fsf] cGt/f{li6«o c;n cEof; ;d]tsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf]
jt{dfg cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fnfO{ :jtGq / ;Ifd agfpg], dfkb08 / lgb]{lzsfsf] k|efjsf/L
sfof{Gjog Pj+ sd{rf/Lsf] Ifdtf ljsf;, n]vfk/LIf0f sfo{sf] cg'udg lg/LIf0f Pj+ ;'k/lehg /
n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePsf ljifosf] ;dod} ;Daf]wg ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
13.6 ljZjljBfno, ;ldlt, af]8{, ;+ul7t ;+:yfnufot ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfdWo] s]xLsf] cfˆg} cfGtl/s
n]vfk/LIf0f OsfO{ dfkm{t / s]xLn] Ohfht k|fKt n]vf Joj;foL lgo'Qm u/L cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f
u/fpg] u/]sf 5g\ . tL lgsfosf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f :jtGq Pj+ u'0f:t/Lo ?kdf ;dodf ;DkGg
ug{ cfjZos ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
13.7 cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fn] lgoldttf Pj+ cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnLsf] k|efjsfl/tf ;DaGwdf Wofg lbg]
u/L cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f of]hgf th'd
{ f, sfof{Gjog, ;'k/Lj]If0f, u'0f:t/, k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ Joj:yf
ldnfpg'kb{5 .
13.8 ;/sf/L / cGo If]qsf ;j} ;fj{hlgs lgsfox?sf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fnfO{ ;~rfng / Joj:yfksLo
lhDd]jf/Ljf6 cnu u/L :jtGq / k];fut agfpg ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgfdf ;d]t ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 .
13.9 rf}dfl;s ?kdf cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{ Joj:yf sfof{Gjog x'g g;s]sf] ;Gbe{df cfGtl/s
n]vfk/LIf0f lgb]{lzsfn] tf]s]sf] ;dodf n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ug]{ Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
13.10 cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f k|efjsf/L x'g g;s]sf sf/0f dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{noaf6 lgoldttfsf]
k/LIf0fdf a9L ;|f]t / ;do vlr{g' k/]sf] 5 . cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f k|efjsf/L ePdf lgoldttfsf]

k/LIf0f dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 ug{ ;lsg] x'Fbf dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{no sfo{d"ns nufot
ljz]if n]vfk/LIf0fdf s]lGb|t /xg ;Sg]5 .
14. clGtd n]vfk/LIf0f – ljQLo Joj:yfkg kf/blz{tf, hjfkmb]lxtf / lgi7f k|j4{g ug{ clGtd
n]vfk/LIf0fdf b]xfosf] ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 M
14.1 ;jf]{Rr n]vfk/LIf0f ;+:yfx?sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;+u7gsf] lndf tyf d]lS;sf] 3f]if0ff / ljleGg ;dodf
;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] dxf;efn] kfl/t u/]sf k|:tfjx?n] ;Daf]wg u/] adf]lhd ;jf]{Rr n]vfk/LIf0f
;+:yfnfO{ ljQLo Pj+ k|zf;lgs / sfof{Tds :jtGqtf sfod ug{ cfjZos ;|f]t ;fwg pknAw x'g]
cj:yf l;h{gf ug'{kb{5 . n]vfk/LIf0fsf] k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg sfo{ jftfj/0fdf ;'wf/ Nofpg cfjZos
kg]{ Go"gtd ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] Joj:yf ldnfO{ o:tf k"jf{wf/nfO{ ;"rgf k|ljlwd}qL agfpg'kb{5 .
14.2 sfo{d"ns n]vfk/LIf0fdf gful/s ;dfh, ;/f]sf/jfnf jf ;Da4 kIfnfO{ ;+nUg u/fOPsf] 5 .
sfo{d"ns n]vfk/LIf0f ul/g] ljifosf] 5gf}6 / ;f]sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;"rgf k|flKt ug]{,
n]vfk/LIf0fdf k|df0f k|fKt ug]{, n]vfk/LIf0fsf Joxf]/fnfO{ cfd hgtfsf] txdf ;~rf/ ug]{ /
n]vfk/LIf0f s}lkmotx?sf] ;dod} ;'wf/ ug{ gful/s txaf6 bjfj l;h{gf ug{] h:tf sfo{x?df
;/f]sf/jfnf kIfx?sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'g] ePsf]n] o; lsl;dsf] gful/s ;dfh / ;/f]sf/jfnfsf]
;+nUgtfnfO{ n]vfk/LIf0fsf] ;a} k|lqmofdf cEof; ub}{ lj:tf/ ug'{kb{5 .
14.3 sfof{non] c+uLsf/ u/]sf] n]vfk/LIf0fsf] gLlt, dfgb08 / sfo{ljlwnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o c;n cEof;
;d]tsf] cfwf/df cBfjlws u/L n]vfk/LIf0f k|lqmofdf ;'wf/ ug]{ / n]vfk/LIf0fdf pRr g}ltstf Pj+
;bfrfl/tfdf x|f; cfpg glbO{ n]vfk/LIf0fsf] u'0f:t/Lotf clej[l4 ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
14.4 xfnsf] ;a} vr{ OsfO{sf] :ynut n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{ k|0ffnLnfO{ k'g/fjnf]sg u/L n]vfk/LIf0f ug'{kg]{
lgsfox?nfO{ lgoGqs lgsfo / lgolGqt lgsfodf juL{s/0f u/L lgoGqs lgsfocGtu{t /x]sf
sfof{nox?sf] n]vfk/LIf0f hf]lvddf cfwfl/t eO{ lgoGqs lgsfosf] n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ ;dfj]z ug]{ /
lgolGqt lgsfosf] lhDd]jf/L lgoGqs lgsfon] lng'kg]{ Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
14.5 n]vfk/LIf0fsf] u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f Joj:yfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf ;'k/Lj]IfsLo
e"ldsfnfO{ ;'b[9 ub}{ n]vfk/LIf0f u'0f:t/ cfZj:ttf k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ sfo{sf] ;+u7gfTds Ifdtf /
bfo/fnfO{ a9fpg'kb{5 . afXo n]vfk/LIfsx?dfk{mt u/fOg] n]vfk/LIf0fsf] ;d]t glhsaf6 ;'kl/j]If0f
ul/g'kb{5 .
14.6 n]vfk/LIf0fdf k|fljlws ljz]if1x?sf] ;+nUgtf a9fpg], ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|of]uaf6 n]vfk/LIf0f k|lqmof
;/n, ldtJooL / 5l/tf] agfpg] gLlt cjnDag ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
14.7 n]vfk/LIf0fsf] u'0f:t/ n]vfk/LIf0fdf ;+nUg x'g] sd{rf/Lsf] k];fut 1fg, ;Lk / cg'ejdf e/kg]{
ePsf]n] sd{rf/L Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{nfO{ pRr dxTj lbFb} cfjZos ;|f]t ;fwgsf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{
b]lvG5 . o;sf nflu n]vfk/LIf0f pTs[i6tf s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
14.8 clGtd n]vfk/LIf0f ljQLo tyf lgoldttfsf] n]vfk/LIf0fdf dfq ;Lldt g/xL cfO{ kg{;Sg]
cfktsfnLg cj:yf / gj ljsl;t 36gfqmdx?sf] n]vfk/LIf0fdf s]lGb|t x'g'kb{5 . sfo{d"ns
n]vfk/LIf0f nufot lbuf] ljsf; nIo sfof{Gjog, jftfj/0fLo, ;"rgf k|ljlw, km/]lG;s, ;fdlosh:tf
ljifosf] n]vfk/LIf0fdf hgzlQm kl/rfng ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 .
14.9 ljBdfg ;+3Lo ;+/rgfcg'?k k|b]z tx;Dd sfof{nosf] ef}uf]lns pkl:yltsf] nflu sfof{nosf]
ljBdfg ;f+u7lgs ;+/rgf lj:tf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
14.10 n]vfk/LIf0fnfO{ kf/bzL{, v'nf / ;dfj]zL agfpg ljQLo Joj:yfkg kIf;Fu ;DalGwt ;/sf/L lgsfo,
lgofds lgsfo, k];fut ;+3 ;+u7gx?, gful/s ;dfh, ljifout If]qdf sfd ug]{ u}/ ;/sf/L
;+:yfx?, cfd ;~rf/hut;Fu lgoldt cGtlqm{of ug]{, ;"rgf cfbfg k|bfg ug]{ ;+oGqsf] ljsf;
ug'{kb{5 .
14.11 Joj:yflksf / ;+;bLo ;ldlt;Fusf] ;DaGw k|efjsf/L agfpg]], cfd gful/sdf n]vfk/LIf0f glthfsf]
kxF'r a9fpg ;fj{hlgs ;~rf/ dfWodsf] k|of]u Pj+ ;/f]sf/jfnf;Fu lgoldt cGtlq{mof / ;dGjo
sfod ug'{kb{5 .
15. k|b]z txsf] ljQLo Joj:yfkg – k|b]z txsf] ljQLo Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/ Pj+ ;|f]t ;fwgsf] pkof]unfO{
k|efjsf/L agfpg b]xfo adf]lhd ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 M
15.1 ah]6 th'{df, sfof{Gjog / vr{ Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/ ub}{ ah]6 ljlgof]hg, vr{ / pknlAwnfO{ sfo{
;Dkfbg d"NofÍg;Fu cfj4 u/L cg'Tkfbs vr{ lgoGq0f ug{ ldtJolotf ;DaGwL lgb]l{ zsf / dfkb08
agfO{ nfu' ug'{kb{5 .
15.2 lbuf] ljsf; nIonfO{ cfGtl/sLs/0f u/L ;f] nIo k|flKtsf nflu dWosfnLg k|b]z:t/Lo nIo ;"rs
lgwf{/0f u/L ;+3Lo ;/sf/;Fu ;dGjofTds 9Ën] sfd ug'{kb{5 .
15.3 k|b]z uf}/jsf cfof]hgf / klxnf] k|fyldstfsf cfof]hgfsf] 5gf}6 u/L k'FhLut vr{nfO{ pknlAwd"ns
If]qdf k|jflxt ug'{kg]{, vl/b u'?of]hgf tyf jflif{s vl/b of]hgf tof/ ug]{ / ;f] cg'?k vl/b
sf/afxLnfO{ k|lt:kwL{ Pj+ ldtJooL agfO{ ah]6 sfof{Gjog, lqjifL{o vr{ k|If]k0fsf] cfwf/df ah]6
ljlgof]hg u/L ljsf; cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{, ljsf; lgdf{0f / ;]jf k|jfxdf cg'udg ug{ k|efjsf/L
cg'udg ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug'{kb{5 .
15.4 g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg adf]lhd k|b]z:t/af6 lgdf{0f x'g] sfg'g ;+3Lo sfg'g;Fu ;fdGh:otf x'g] u/L
lgdf{0f ug]{ / ;a} k|b]zsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] ;]jf ;'ljwf ;DaGwdf Ps?ktf x'g] u/L dfkb08 tof/
ug'{kb{5 .
15.5 cGt/ ;/sf/L ljQ Joj:yfkg P]g, @)&$ adf]lhd k|b]z ;/sf/sf] clwsf/ If]q cGtu{t kg]{ ljifodf
/fh:j ;+sngnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg'kb{5 . k|b]z n]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] :yfgLo tx ;d]tsf]
rf}dfl;s cfo Joo ljj/0f ;Íng u/L ;+3Lo cy{ dGqfnodf k7fpg] Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
15.6 k|rlnt k|b]z sfg'g adf]lhd sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ cf–cfˆgf] sfdsf] k|s[lt cg';f/sf] cfGtl/s lgoGq0f
k|0ffnL tof/ u/L nfu" ug]{ / ;]jfu|fxLsf] ;do / nfut 36fpg pko'Qm ;]jf k|jfx k|0ffnLsf]
cjnDag ug'{kb{5 .
15.7 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] :jLs[t 9f‘rfdf k|b]z txsf] ;l~rt sf]if lx;fa tof/ ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
15.8 k|b]z txsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg k|b]z ;efdfk{mt ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltdf k|:t't u/L 5nkmn ug]{
16. :yfgLo txsf] ljQLo Joj:yfkg – :yfgLo txsf] ljQLo Joj:yfkg tyf ;|f]t ;fwgsf] pkof]unfO{
k|efjsf/L agfpg b]xfo adf]lhd ;'wf/ ug'{kb{5 M
16.1 tf]lsP adf]lhd P]g tyf sfg'g lgdf{0f u/L sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg'sf] cltl/St ;fj{hlgs vl/b
sfg'gsf] kl/kfngf ug'{kb{5 .
16.2 cfˆgf] clwsf/ If]qleq kg]{ ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt If]qdf /fh:j ;+sng ug]{ ;DaGwdf /fli6«o dfkb08
tof/ u/L ;a} :yfgLo txn] Ps?ktf x'g] u/L cfGtl/s cfo ;+sngnfO{ Jojl:yt, k|efjsf/L /
ljZj;gLo agfpg'kb{5 .
16.3 :yfgLo txsf] sfo{ ;~rfng;Fu ;DalGwt cfGtl/s lgoGq0f k|0ffnL tof/ u/L To;sf] sfof{Gjog,
:jLs[t b/aGbL cg';f/ sd{rf/L kbk"lt{ u/L ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg /fhg}lts kbflwsf/L /
sd{rf/L aLrsf] lhDd]jf/L / hjfkmb]lxtf :ki6 kf/L lghx?sf] sfo{÷lg0f{o k|lt lhDd]jf/ / hjfkmb]xL
agfpg'kb{5 .
16.4 :yfgLo txsf] ah]6 th'{df, lgdf{0f / sfof{GjognfO{ yk Jojl:yt / k|efjsf/L agfO{ :yfgLo txsf
k|fyldstf k|fKt If]q klxrfg u/L ;f]sf cfwf/df lglZrt /sd eGbf dflysf of]hgf 5gf}6 /
;~rfngdf Wofg lbg'kb{5 . sfo{qmd tyf of]hgf ;~rfng ubf{ lbuf]kgf P+j pknlAw xfl;n x'g]
If]qdf dfq nufgL ug'{kb{5 .
16.5 cfˆgf] sfo{ If]q leqsf] :jf:Yo, lzIff, s[lif, kz' nufotsf If]qut ljifosf ;]jf k|jfxnfO{ >d, ;do
/ nfut k|efjL agfpg] pkfo cjnDag ug'{kb{5 .
16.6 :yfgLo txaf6 lgdf{0f sfo{ ubf{ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt dfk{mt x'g] u/]sf] cj:yf 5 . pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6
ePsf] sfo{, To;sf] u'0f:t/ tyf nfut ;xeflutf ;DaGwdf k|efjsf/L cg'udg x'g'kb{5 . ;fy}
hg;xeflutf cfjZos gkg]{ hl6n k|s[ltsf] d]l;g/L tyf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ug'{kg]{ sfo{ / ;fdfg vl/b
s]lGb|t of]hgfdf pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] k|of]u Go"g ug'{kb{5 .
16.7 ;~rflnt of]hgfsf] k|efjsf/L cg'udg u/L To;sf] u'0f:t/Lotf ;'lglZrt ug{ t];|f] rf}dfl;s /
c;f/ dlxgfdf cToflws vr{ ug]{ Pj+ cg'Tkfbs vr{ tyf lghL k|s[ltsf ;+:yfnfO{ cg'bfg lbg]
16.8 :yfgLo txdf a9\bf] rfn' vr{ / kbflwsf/L ;'ljwf tyf cGo e'QmfgLdf ldtJolotf sfod ug{
kbflwsf/L Pj+ sd{rf/Ln] k|fKt ug]{ ;'ljwf ;DaGwdf /fli6«o ?kdf g} dfkb08 tof/ u/L ;a} :yfgLo
txn] Ps?ktf x'g] u/L k|of]udf Nofpg'kb{5 .
16.9 :yfgLo txaf6 k|jfx x'g] ;]jfnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ clwsf+z ;]jf j8f sfof{noaf6 k|jfx ug]{, 3'DtL ;]jf
k|bfg ug]{, ;]jf;DaGwL dfkb08 lgwf{/0f ug]{, cg'udg ;+oGq agfpg] / u'gf;f] ;'g'jfO{ ;oGqsf]
Joj:yf tyf cfjlws?kdf ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ ug]{ k|lqmof cjnDag ug'{kb{5 . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltn]
:yfgLo txn] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/, ;]jfz'Ns, ;]jf k|jfxsf] k|lqmof ;DaGwdf cg'udg ug'{kb{5 .
16.10 :yfgLo txsf] Goflos ;ldltdf btf{ ePsf ljjfbx? tf]lsPsf] ;dodf km5\of}{6 u/L ljjfb ;dfwfg
sfo{nfO{ glthfd'vL agfpg'kb{5 .
16.11 ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf k|fKt ug]{ nfeu|fxLsf] clen]v cBfjlws / nut s§f ug]{ k4ltnfO{ Jojl:yt /
ljZj;gLo agfpg'kb{5 .
16.12 :yfgLo txsf] cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f Joj:yfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0fsf]
:jtGqtfsf] nflu ;a} :yfgLo txsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug{ k|b]z jf lhNnf txdf :jtGq cfGtl/s
n]vfk/LIf0f lgsfosf] Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .
16.13 :yfgLo txsf] a]?h" km5\of}{6 ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu :jfy{ aflemg] Jojxf/ x'g glbg] k|lqmof cjnDag
ug'{kb{5 .
17. ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg M ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] ;du| ljQLo Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/ ug{ b]xfo adf]lhd
ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 M
17.1 ;fj{hlgs ;+ul7t ;+:yf tyf ;ldltn] lgoldt ?kdf n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 . tf]lsP
adf]lhd ;dod} n]vfk/LIf0f gu/fpg] ;fj{hlgs ;+ul7t ;+:yf tyf ;ldltsf lhDd]jf/ JolQm /
zf;sLo e"ldsfdf /x]sf JolQmnfO{ cfjZos sf/afxL ug{ ;DjlGwt dGqfnon] ljz]if e"ldsf
v]Ng'kb{5 .
17.2 ;fj{hlgs ;+ul7t ;+:yf tyf ;ldltn] g]kfndf n]vf Joj;fo lgodg ug]{ clwsf/ k|fKt lgsfon]
tf]s]sf] ljQLo k|ltj]bg k|0ffnL cg'?k ljQLo ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kb{5 .
17.3 ;/sf/n] ;fj{hlgs ;+ul7t ;+:yf tyf ;ldlt :yfkgfsf] p2]Zo cg'?k To:tf lgsfox? ;~rfng
ePsf 5g 5}gg\, jt{dfg cj:yfdf tL ;+:yfsf] ;fGble{stf 5 5}g, To:tf ;+:yfn] k|jfx ug]{ ;]jfsf]
pknAwtf / u'0f:t/, tL ;+:yfsf] Jofj;flos ;kmntf h:tf ljifox?sf] lgoldt cg'udg d"NofÍg
ug'{kb{5 .

17.4 ;+ul7t ;+:yfdf ;/sf/n] 7"nf] /sd nufgL u/]sf]df tL ;+:yfaf6 ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt x'g] k|ltkmn Go"g
b]lvPsf] 5 . To:tf ;+:yfn] cfd hgtfdf k'¥ofPsf] ;]jf / cy{tGqdf u/]sf] of]ubfgsf] d"NofÍg Pj+
nufgLsf] ;dLIff u/L Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/ ug]{ jf cGo pko'Qm ljsNk cjnDag ug'{ h?/L 5 .
17.5 clwsf+z :jfldTj ePsf ;+:yfx?sf] clen]v cBfjlws u/L dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{nonfO{ pknAw
u/fpg] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 . ;/sf/sf] clwsf+z :jfldTj ePsf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIf0fsf] nflu
n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQm ug{ dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] k/fdz{ lng'kg]{ sfg'gL Joj:yf ePtfklg s]xL ;+:yfn] dfq
o:tf] k/fdz{ lnPsf 5g\ eg] clwsf+z ;+:yfn] k/fdz{ dfu ug]{ u/]sf 5}gg\ . ctM sfg'gadf]lhd
n]vfk/LIfs lgo'lQm ubf{ k/fdz{ dfu ug]{ / n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ug]{ Joj:yf cjnDag ug'{kb{5 .
18. cg'udg, ;+k/LIf0f / lg0f{o sfof{Gjog – cfly{s sfo{ljwL P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf !( cg';f/ clGtd
n]vfk/LIf0f x'+\Fbf sfod ePsf] a]?h"sf] hjfkm k]; ug]{, lgoldt ug]{ jf c;'n u/L km5\of}{6 ug]{ bfloTj
lhDd]jf/ JolQmsf] x'g], ;f]cg';f/ u/] gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf cg'udg u/L km5\of}{6 ug{ nufpg] bfloTj
n]vf pQ/bfoL clws[tsf] x'g] pNn]v 5 .
18.1 n]vfk/LIf0faf6 sfod ePsf] a]?h" #% lbgleq k|ltlqmof ;fy k|df0f h'6fO{ km5\of}{6 u/fpg], pQm
cjlwdf km5\of}{6 gePdf Dofb yksf] nfuL dfu ug]{ / yk cjlwdf km5\of}{6 ug]{ Joj:yfsf] k|efjsf/L
18.2 n]vfk/LIf0faf6 cf}NofPsf] a]?h"sf] nut /fvL ;dodf km5\of}{6 u/fpg] / Ps jif{leq km5\of}{6 x'g
g;s]sf a]?h"nfO{ s]Gb|Lo txl;n sfof{nodf nut s:g k7fO{ ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'n ug]{ Joj:yf
18.3 cfly{s sfo{ljlw P]g, lgodfjnLdf clGtd n]vfk/LIf0faf6 cf+}FNofOPsf] a]?h" Ps jif{kZrft\ ;Dk/LIf0f
ug]{ gug]{ ;DaGwdf :ki6 gePsf]n] :ki6 sfg'gL Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . cfly{s sfo{ljlw lgodfjnL,
@)^$ sf] lgod !)) adf]lhd n]vf pQ/bfoL clws[tn] a]?h" lgoldt ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . a]?h"
lgoldt ubf{ ;f] ;DaGwdf ;'wf/ ePgePsf] ;d]t olsg ug'{kg]{ / Ps k6s lgoldt u/]sf] Joxf]/f
k'gM bf]xf]l/Pdf sf/afxL ug]{ Joj:yf yk ug'{kb{5 .
18.4 a]?h" km5\of}6{ sf] nflu d'Vo ;lrjsf] cWoIftfdf a]?h" km5\of}{6 cg'udg ;ldltsf] u7g x'g] Joj:yf
eP tfklg pQm ;ldltn] cg'udgsf] cltl/Qm a]?h" km5\of}{6sf] nIo to u/]sf] 5 . Ps jif{leq
/fkm;fkm ug'{kg]{ ljifonfO{ k|To]s jif{ nIo tf]sL km5\of}{6sf] cg'udg ug]{ sfo{n] a]?h" km5\of}{6df
ck]Iffs[t ;'wf/ ePsf] b]lvb}+g . sfg'gsf] Joj:yfsf] sfof{Gjog u/L ! jif{leq ;a} a]?h" km5\of}{6 ug]{
Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 . a]?h" km5\of}{6sf] nIo tf]Sbf nutL a]?h"nfO{ dfq lng] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;a} a]?h"sf]
plQs} dxTj x'g] ePsf]n] ;}4flGts a]?h"sf] ;d]t cg'udg ug'{kb{5 .
18.5 ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltn] u/]sf lg0f{o tyf lgb]{zgsf] clen]v tof/ ug]{ / sfof{Gjog ;DaGwdf
cfjlws ?kdf ;DalGwt dGqfno÷lgsfoaf6 k|ltj]bg lng]] Joj:yf u/L cg'udgnfO{ k|efjsf/L
agfpg'kb{5 .

cg';"rL Y !
[k|ltj]bgsf] kl/R5]b ! sf] bkmf ! ;_u ;DalGwt{
n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf ;/sf/L sfof+nox?sf] ljj/0f

[ljlgof]hg, /fh:j, w/f}6L / cGo sf/f]jf/{
[?- xhf/df{
a]?h" ePsf
sfof+no
s|-;_ dGqfno/ lgsfo/sfof+nosf] gfd sfof+no a]?h" /sd
;_Vof
;_Vof
1 /fi6\kltsf] sfof+no 1 1 0
!-! /fi6\kltsf] sfof+no 1 1 0
2 pk/fi6\kltsf] sfof+no 1 1 100
@-! pk/fi6\kltsf] sfof+no 1 1 100
3 Joj:yflksf ;_;b 1 1 74090
#-! Joj:yflksfY;_;b ;lrjfno 1 1 74090
4 ;jf]+Rr cbfnt 107 72 53056
$-! ;jf]+Rr cbfnt 1 1 10887
$-@ pRr cbfnt 19 15 6247
$-# lhNnf cbfnt 77 49 35541
$-$ /fh:j Gofolws/0f 4 1 0
$-% k|zf;sLo cbfnt 1 1 0
$-^ >d cbfnt 1 1 0
$-& ljz]if cbfnt 1 1 0
$-* /fli6«o Goflos k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg 1 1 150
$-( km};nf sfof+Gjog lgb]+zgfno 1 1 231
$-!) d]nldnfk kl/ifb\ 1 1 0
% clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u 11 5 30662
%-! clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u 1 1 0
%-@ If]qLo sfof+nox? 10 4 30662
^ dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] sfof+no 1 1 0
^-! dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof+no 1 1 0
& nf]s ;]jf cfof]u 16 6 6786
&-! s]Gb|Lo sfof+no 1 1 0
&-@ If]qLo sfof+no 5 2 0
&-# c~rn sfof+no 9 3 6786
&-$ pkTosf b/vf:t ;Íng s]Gb| 1 0 0
* lgjf+rg cfof]u 546 490 168365
*-! lgjf+rg cfof]u 1 1 62060
*-@ lhNnf lgjf+rg sfof+no 77 61 17879
*-# d'Vo lgjf+rg clws=t/ lgjf+rg clws=tsf] sfof+no 468 428 88426
( dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof+no 97 32 29097
a]?h" ePsf
sfof+no
;_Vof
;_Vof
(-! dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof+no 1 1 21
(-@ pRr ;/sf/L jlsn sfof+no 18 6 2485
9.3 lhNnf ;/sf/L jlsn sfof+no 77 25 26591
(-$ ljz]if ;/sf/L jlsn sfof+no 1 0 0
!) Gofokl/ifb\ 1 1 151
!)-! Gofokl/ifb\ 1 1 151
!! /fli6\o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u 10 3 193
!!-! s]Gb|Lo sfof+no 1 1 0
!!-@ If]qLo sfof+no 4 2 193
!!-# pkYIf]qLo sfof+no 5 0 0
!@ /fli6\o k|fs=lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfof]u 1 1 0
!@-! /fli6\o k|fs=lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfo]fu 1 1 0
!#- /fli6\o dlxnf cfof]u 1 1 1310
!#-! /fli6\o dlxnf cfo]fu 1 1 1310
!$ k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no 190 108 3732612
14.1 k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no 1 1 115
14.2 ;fj+hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof+no 1 1 0
14.3 /fli6«o ;ts+tf s]Gb| 1 1 54
14.4 ul/aL lgjf/0f sf]if 1 1 505552
14.5 nufgL jf]8+sf] sfof+no 1 1 0
14.6 If]qLo k|zf;g sfof+no 5 2 2
14.7 s0ff+nL ljsf; cfof]u 1 1 629
14.8 ;'b"/ klZrdf~rn ljsf; cfof]u 1 1 60
14.9 /fli6\o k'glgdf+0f k|flws/0f 88 78 3043832
14.10 /fh:j cg';Gwfg ljefu / cGtu+tsf sfof+nox? 5 5 166605
14.11 ;DkQL z'4Ls/0f ljefu 1 1 0
14.12 /fli6«o cg';Gwfg ljefu / cGtu+tsf sfof+nox? 84 15 15763
15 cy+ dGqfno 173 104 31538522
15.1 dGqfno 1 1 120281
15.2 dxfn]vf lgoGqs sfof+no 1 1 26360
15.3 ljefux? 2 2 551334
15.4 C0f c;'nL / k'g/fj]bg Gofoflws/0f 2 0 0
15.5 ldn]lgod Rofn]Gh g]kfnsf] sfof+no 1 1 0
15.6 lgj=Qe/0f Joj:yfkg sfof+no 1 1 1055
15.7 s'df/Lrf]s tyf s]Gb|Lo txl;n sfof+no 1 1 0
15.8 ;fj+hlgs ljQ Joj:yfkg tflnd s]Gb| 1 1 30
15.9 sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof+no / e'QmfgL s]Gb|x? 81 31 7385
a]?h" ePsf
sfof+no
;_Vof
;_Vof
15.10 cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof+no tyf s/ bftf ;]jf sfof+nox? 51 42 29858404
15.11 eG;f/ sfof+no 31 23 973673
16 pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt+ dGqfno 109 67 235958
16.1 dGqfno 1 1 32192
16.2 ljefu 6 6 26685
16.3 u'0f:t/ tyf gfktf}n sfof+no 8 3 0
16.4 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof+no 27 15 12345
16.5 k]6«f]lnod cGj]if0f kl/of]hgf 1 1 0
16.6 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; ;ldlt[s]Gb|{ 1 1 170
16.7 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u k|lzIf0f s]Gb| 1 1 0
16.8 cf}Bf]lus pmhf+ Joj:yfkg 1 1 0
16.9 e"sDk dfkg s]Gb| ;'v]+t 1 0 0
16.10 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; ;ldlt 48 31 34613
16.11 sDkgL /lhi6\f/sf] sfof+no 1 1 7309
16.12 s]Gb|Lo sf/fuf/ sf/vfgf 1 1 0
16.13 ljz]if cfly+s If]q ljsf; ;ldlt 1 1 94151
16.14 6\ofS;L 6]Dkf] OsfO+ 1 1 0
16.15 u|fdL0f pBd tyf ljk|]if0f cfof]hgf 1 1 5373
16.16 jfl0fHo sfof+nox? 5 0 0
16.17 Jofkf/ tyf lgsf;L k|jB{g s]Gb|x? 3 1 23120
16.18 g]kfn ef/t If]qLo Jofkf/ cfof]hgf 1 1 0
17 pmhf+, hn;|f]t tyf l;FrfO dGqfno 198 180 5907160
17.1 dGqfno 2 2 666051
17.2 ljefux? 4 4 289278
17.3 If]qLo lgb]+zgfno 7 7 49041
17.4 l;_rfO+ ljsf; l8lehg / ;jl8lehg 73 73 754703
17.5 l;_rfO Joj:yfkg l8lehg 11 11 153117
17.6 oflGqs Joj:yfkg l8lehg sfof+nox? 3 2 1620
17.7 e"ldut hn;|f]t ljsf; ;ldlt / zfvf sfof+nox? 10 1 80
17.8 l;rfO+ ljefu cGt+utsf of]hgf/cfof]hgf 25 21 2580812
17.9 hn pTkGg k|sf]k lgoGq0f l8lehg tyf ;jYl8lehg 26 26 286933
17.10 hgtfsf] t6jGw sfo+qmd, lkmN8 sfof+nox? 6 6 312297
17.11 ;Dks+ ;x e"–cfh+g sfof+no 1 0 0
17.12 hn;|f]t cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; s]Gb| 1 1 1219
17.13 hnljB't cfof]hgfx? 4 4 90138
17.14 gbL lgoGq0f tyf tfn Joj:yfkg cfof]hgfx? 6 6 595802
17.15 e'ldut hn l;_rfO+ ljsf; l8lehg 11 11 15480

a]?h" ePsf
sfof+no
;_Vof
;_Vof
17.1^ j}slNks pmhf+ k|jw+g s]Gb| 1 1 91686
17.17 hn tyf pmhf+ cfof]usf] ;lrjfno 1 1 13877
17.18 xfjfkfgL tyf j]lzg sfof+nox? 6 3 5026
18 sfg'g, Gofo tyf ;_;bLo dfldnf dGqfno 12 7 2794
18.1 dGqfno 1 1 0
18.2 Gofo ;]jf tflnd s]Gb| 1 1 18
18.3 g]kfn sfg'g ;'wf/ cfof]u 1 1 0
18.4 a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmsf] 5fgljg cfof]u / cGtu+t 9 4 2776
19 s=lif tyf kz'kG5L ljsf; dGqfno 402 335 1262433
19.1 dGqfno 2 2 272819
19.2 ljefu 2 2 8837
19.3 Jofj;flos s=lif tyf Jofkf/ cfof]hgf 6 6 67597
19.4 pRrd"No s=lif a:t' ljsf; cfof]hgf 1 1 33163
19.5 /fli6\o s=lif cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; sf]if 1 1 12484
19.6 aLp lahg u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f s]Gb| 1 1 0
19.7 s=lif ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ s]Gb| 1 1 7076
19.8 s=lif tyf kz';]jf lgb]+zgfno [If]qLo;d]t{ 14 12 58385
19.9 ls;fgsf nflu pTgt ljp ljhg sfo+qmd 1 1 159479
19.1 s=lif ljsf; of]hgf 1 1 300
19.11 l;FrfO tyf hn;|f]t Joj:yfkg cfof]hgf 1 1 1444
19.12 ;fgf tyf dem\of}nf s=ifs cfo:t/ j=l4 cfof]hgf 1 1 10661
19.13 vfB k|ljlw tyf u'0f lgoGq0f ljefu 1 1 8814
19.14 If]lqo vfB k|ljlw tyf u'0flgoGq0f sfof+nox? 5 4 3176
19.15 nf06, vfB Sjf/]G6fOg tyf r]skf]i6 sfof+nox? 20 6 377
19.16 s=lif tyf If]]qLo kz' tflnd, lgb]+zgfno / s]Gb|x? 12 10 2729
19.17 /fli6\o tyf If]lqo k|of]uzfnfx? 18 7 13
19.18 df}/L ljsf; zfvf 2 1 0
19.19 s=lif OlGhlgol/ª lgb]+zgfno 1 1 154
19.2 ljiffbL kl~hs/0f Joj:yfkg zfvf 1 1 0
afnL, df6f], k|;f/ , kf]i6 xfe]+i6, s=lif Joj:ffo k|a4+g
19.21 lgb]+zgfno / ljsf; s]Gb| 7 7 12995
19.22 s=lif k|a4+g sfo+qmdx? 5 5 1100
19.23 cfn' ljsf; sfo+qmd 3 1 411
19.24 kmnk'mn ljsf; lgb]+zgfno / afuafgL ljsf; s]Gb|x? 18 15 33867
19.25 t/sf/L ljsf; lgb]+zgfno / ljsf; s]Gb|x? 4 2 1149
19.26 dT:o ljsf; lgb]+zgfno / s]Gb|x? 12 9 1157
19.27 cn}r_L ljsf; s]Gb| 1 1 0
19.28 hf]g sfo+fnox? 49 46 65814
a]?h" ePsf
sfof+no
;_Vof
;_Vof
19.29 /]zd v]tL ljsf; sfo+qmd 7 1 0
19.3 k|wfgdGqL s=lif cfw'lgsLs/0f kl/of]hgf 1 1 69661
19.31 hnjfo' k|sf]k ;d'Tyfg lgdf+0f cfof]hgf 1 1 21102
19.32 s=lif tyf vfB ;'/Iff / /fgL hd/f cfof]hgf 2 2 172523
19.33 lhNnf s=lif ljsf; sfof+nox? 75 72 112620
19.34 lrof tyf skmL ljsf; s]Gb| 2 2 1120
19.35 /fli6\o ls;fg cfof]u 1 1 263
19.36 Jofj;flos ls6 ljsf; lgb]+zgfno 1 1 661
19.37 aLp ljhg sfof+nox? 2 0 0
19.38 /fli6«o s]Gb|Lo sfof+no 5 5 6183
19.39 kz' Sjf/]G6fOg sfof+no/r]skf]i6 8 4 798
19.4 If]lqo kz' /f]u cGj]if0f k|of]uzfnfx? 5 5 3538
19.41 e]6]l/g/L sfof+nox? 3 1 0
19.42 lhNnf kz';]jf sfof+nox? 75 71 28525
19.43 kz' k|hgg\ sfof+no 4 4 167
19.44 kz' ljsf; kmfd+ 7 6 3363
19.45 g]kfn nfOe:6s ;]S6/ Ogf]e];g cfof]hgf 1 1 14563
pRr kxf8 s=lif Joj;fo tyf lhljsf]kfh+g ;'wf/
19.46 cfof]hgf 1 1 997
19.47 kz'kG5L sfo+qmd lgb]+zgfnox? 10 9 62348
20 u=x dGqfno 810 230 1141059
20.1 dGqfno 1 1 27463
20.2 k|x/L k|wfg sfof+no / cGtu+tsf sfof+no 447 93 763069
20.3 ;z:q k|x/L an k|wfg sfof+no / cGtu+tsf sfof+no 111 22 1164
20.4 lhNnf k|zf;g sfof+no 77 64 325526
20.5 sf/fuf/ ljefu / cGtu+t sfof+no 77 33 19230
20.6 cWofudg ljefu / cGtu+t sfof+no 11 4 13
20.7 Onfsf k|zf;g sfof+no 70 9 3358
20.8 ;Ldf k|zf;g sfof+no 7 0 0
20.9 zflGt tyf k'glgdf+0f dGqfno l;xb/jf/[;fljs{ 1 1 0
20.1 nfu" cf}ifw lgoGq0f sfo+qmd 1 1 136
20.11 k|x/L lstfavfgf 1 0 0
20.12 ;d/h_u sDkgL 1 0 0
20.13 /fli6\o kl/rokq Joj:yfkg s]Gb| 1 1 1000
20.14 PsLs=t ;]jf s]Gb| 4 1 100
21 k//fi6\ dGqfno 45 44 664691
21.1 dGqfno 1 1 61522
21.2 ljefu 2 2 9507
a]?h" ePsf
sfof+no
;_Vof
;_Vof
21.3 k//fi6\ dfldnf cWoog k|lti7fg 1 1 235
21.4 :yfoL lgof]u / g]kfnL /fhb"tfjf;x? 39 39 593150
21.5 ;Ldf gfkL 6f]nL / ;Dks+ sfof+no 2 1 277
22 ;_:s=lt, ko+6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno 32 21 327328
@@-! dGqfno 1 1 6305
@@-@ ljefu 2 2 296855
@@-# ko+6g sfof+no 7 5 5806
@@-$ /fli6\o clen]vfno 1 1 441
@@-% ;_u|xfnox? 11 4 3650
@@-^ :df/s ;_/If0f tyf b/af/ x]/rfx sfof+no 6 4 31
@@-& blIf0f Plzof ko+6g k"jf+wf/ ljsf; cfof]hgf 1 1 13759
@@-* efiff cfof]u 1 1 461
@@-( s]Gb|Lo ;f_:s=lts ;Dkbf ;_/If0f k|of]uzfnf 1 1 0
22.10 g]kfn k|ltlnlk clwsf/ /lhi6\f/sf] sfof+no 1 1 20
23 e"ld Joj:yf, ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f dGqfno 338 206 2327195
23.1 dGqfno 1 1 60703
23.2 ljefu 4 3 43873
23.3 dfnkf]t sfof+no 128 99 2169154
23.4 gfkL sfof+no 130 60 36835
23.5 e"ld;'wf/ sfof+no 21 8 1328
23.6 e"–pkof]usf] cfof]hgf 1 1 1134
23.7 dxfzfvf 4 4 13378
23.8 e"ld Joj:yfkg k|lzIf0f s]Gb| 1 1 84
23.9 P:6\f]gf]ldsn gfkL sfof+no 1 0 0
23.10 ;dGjo af]8+ 1 1 136
23.11 ljz]if gfkL sfof+no 5 0 0
23.12 l8lh6n gfkL sfof+no 1 0 0
23.13 ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb| 1 1 431
23.14 e"–dfkg s]Gb| 1 0 0
23.15 ;xsf/L sfof+no 38 27 139
24 ef}lts k'jf+wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfno 165 148 20667646
24.1 dGqfno 1 1 61
24.2 ljefu 3 3 1482264
24.3 If]qLo ;8s lgb]+zgfnox? 5 2 925
24.4 l8lehg ;8s sfof+nox? 34 34 4072106
24.5 x]eL OlSokd]G6 / oflGqs sfof+nox? 18 13 4015
24.6 s]Gb|Lo ;8s k|of]uzfnf 1 1 0
a]?h" ePsf
sfof+no
;_Vof
;_Vof
24.7 oftfoft Joj:yf sfof+nox? 40 31 41786
24.8 ;8s cfof]hgfx? 63 63 15066489
25 dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf Ho]i7 gful/s dGqfno 82 31 56369
25.1 dGqfno 1 1 6097
25.2 dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ljefu 1 1 8264
25.3 dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof+no 74 26 15518
25.4 ;dfh sNof0f s]Gb| 4 1 24717
25.5 s]Gb|Lo afn sNof0f ;ldlt 1 1 1057
25.6 afn Gofo ;dGjo ;ldlt ;lrjfno 1 1 716
26 o'jf tyf v]ns'b dGqfno 77 49 189672
26.1 dGqfno 1 1 154889
26.2 /fli6«o o'jf kl/ifb\ 1 1 16748
26.3 lhNnf o'jf ;dGjo ;ldltx? 75 47 18035
27 /Iff dGqfno 304 58 11237677
27.1 dGqfno 1 1 0
27.2 ;'/Iff kl/ifb\ 1 0 0
27..3 ljefu 6 4 8862275
27.4 dxflgb]+zgfno 5 4 1762463
27.5 lgb]+zgfno 12 9 553
27.6 k=tgf 8 3 0
27.7 dxfzfvf 4 1 579550
27.8 aflxgL 25 6 0
27.9 u0f 116 12 3740
27.10 u'Nd 61 4 0
27.11 :yklt sf/vfgf / Jof6«Lx? 7 1 0
27.12 lzIffno tyf tflnd s]Gb|x? 33 5 0
27.13 cGo sfof+no 22 7 27308
27.14 c:ktfnx? 3 1 1788
28 jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno 196 151 670494
28.1 dGqfno 2 2 37859
28.2 ljefu 6 6 42186
28.4 s]Gb|Lo:t/sf cfof]hgf 12 3 151309
28.5 tflnd s]Gbx? 7 1 68
28.6 jg:klt ljefu cGtu+tsf lhNnf sfof+nox? 7 3 4953
/fli6\o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;_/If0f ljefu cGtu+tsf
28.7 sfof+nox? 22 20 79158
28.8 lhNnf jg sfof+nox? 74 74 339285
a]?h" ePsf
sfof+no
;_Vof
;_Vof
28.9 e"tyf hnfwf/ ;_/If0f sfof+nox? 61 39 14164
29 lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno 136 112 7142690
29.1 dGqfno 2 2 178500
29.2 lzIff ljsf; tyf dfgj ;|f]t ljsf; s]Gb| 1 1 20770
29.3 If]qLo lzIff lgb]+zgfnox? 5 4 9318
29.4 lzIff ljsf; tyf ;dGjo OsfO+ 75 75 6873264
29.5 k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof+no 1 1 0
29.6 kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb| 1 1 8979
29.7 lzIff ;]jf cfof]u 1 1 2152
29.8 ljBfno lzIfs lstfavfgf 1 1 1360
29.9 s]z/ k':tsfno 1 1 356
29.10 /fli6\o k':tsfno 1 1 0
29.11 cgf}krfl/s lzIff s]Gb| 1 1 1525
29.12 lzIffsf] nflu vfB sfo+qmd [kl/of]hgf{ 1 1 2316
29.13 lzIffsf] nflu vfB sfo+qmdx? [If]q / lhNnf{ 12 6 6893
29.14 z}lIfs tflnd s]Gb|x? 29 12 13429
29.15 z}lIfs hgzlQm ljsf; s]Gb| 1 1 18967
29.16 z}lIfs u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f s]Gb| 1 1 692
29.17 Jofj;flos lzIff tyf tflnd clej=l4 kl/of]hgf 1 1 4091
29.18 lrlsT;f lzIff cfof]u 1 1 78
30 >d, /f]huf/ tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff dGqfno 43 16 73633
30.1 dGqfno 1 1 1703
30.2 ljefux? 2 2 6230
30.3 ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sf]ifsf] ;lrjfno 1 1 0
30.4 Jofj;flos tyf l;k ljsf; tflnd s]Gb| 16 4 25320
30.5 >d sfof+nox? 10 1 22
30.6 /f]huf/ ;'rgf s]Gb| 4 0 0
30.7 Joj;fohGo ;'/Iff tyf :jf:Yo ;DjGwL cfof]hgf 1 1 159
30.8 j}b]lzs /f]huf/ Gofolws/0f 1 1 0
30.9 j}b]lzs /f]huf/ k|jw+g af]8+ 1 1 21789
30.10 /fli6«o :t/sf] sNof0fsf/L sf]ifsf] ;lrjfno 1 1 68
30.11 j}b]lzs /f]huf/ ljefu zfvf sfof+nox? 5 3 18342
31 ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfno 95 69 1458876
31.1 dGqfno 1 1 1395109
31.2 ljefu 4 4 16263
31.4 uf]Zjf/f x'nfs sfof+no 1 1 59

a]?h" ePsf
sfof+no
;_Vof
;_Vof
31.5 lhNnf x'nfs sfof+no 70 51 41538
31.6 ;~rf/ s]Gb| 5 1 25
31.7 g]kfn lkmnf6]lns Jo"/f] 1 1 0
31.8 s]Gb|Lo wgfb]z sfof+no 1 1 3776
31.9 s]Gb|Lo l6s6 e08f/ 1 1 200
31.10 x'nfs k|lzIf0f s]Gb| 1 0 0
31.11 ;'/If0f d'b|0f s]Gb| 1 1 110
31.12 /fli6\o ;"rgf cfof]u 1 1 0
31.13 Go"gtd kfl/>lds lgwf+/0f ;ldlt 1 1 0
31.14 k|dfl0fs/0f lgoGqssf] sfof+no 1 1 0
31.15 /fli6«o ;"rgf k|ljlw s]Gb| 1 1 1647
32 ;x/L ljsf; dGqfno 58 58 5637232
32.1 dGqfno 1 1 3412
32.2 ljefux? 1 1 501
32.3 zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf+0f l8lehg 34 34 5149241
32.4 ejg k|ljwL cg';Gwfg tyf tflnd s]Gb| 1 1 44956
32.5 cfof]hgf/sfo+qmd 20 20 381243
32.6 ejg lgdf+0f ;_ef/ l8lehg 1 1 57879
33 vfg]kfgL dGqfno 83 80 6044007
33.1 dGqfno 1 1 13860
33.2 ljefu 1 1 195790
33.3 vfg]kfgL l8lehg / ;jYl8lehg 70 67 1030297
33.4 If]lqo ;'kl/j]If0f tyf cg'udg sfof+no 5 5 196652
33.5 s]Gb|Lo hg;fwg ljsf; OsfO+ 1 1 10102
33.6 cfof]hgf sfof+Gjog lgb]+zgfno[vfg]kfgL{ 1 1 1584733
33.7 d]nDrL vfg]kfgL ljsf; ;ldlt 1 1 2409019
bf]>f]/t]>f] ;fgf zx/L vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg
33.8 sfof+no 1 1 555875
33.9 t]>f] ;fgf zx/L vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf 2 2 47679
34 ;_3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfno 193 173 4159906
34.1 dGqfno 1 1 310031
34.2 ljefux? 2 2 103756
34.3 /fli6«o blnt cfof]u 1 1 538
34.4 :yfgLo lgsfo ljlQo cfof]u 1 1 136
34.5 jf}4 bz+g k|jw+g tyf u'Djf ljsf; ;ldlt 1 1 17253
34.6 cflbjf;L hghftL pTyfg k|lti7fg 1 1 8226
34.7 pk]lIft plTkl8t / blnt ju+ pTyfg ljsf; ;ldlt 1 1 2065
34.8 lk5l8Psf] ;d'bfo pTyfg ljsf; ;ldlt 1 1 18
a]?h" ePsf
sfof+no
;_Vof
;_Vof
34.9 jfbL ;d'bfo pTyfg ljsf; ;ldlt 1 1 245
34.1 :yfgLo zf;g tyf ;fd'bflos ljsf; sfo+qmd 1 1 1776
34.1 ;:k]G;g lj|h l8lehg 1 1 55007
34.1 ;fd'bflos l;rfO+ cfof]hgf 1 1 172678
34.1 /fli6|\o d'l:nd cfof]u 1 1 3
34.1 :yfgLo oftfoft k"jf+wf/ If]qut sfo+qmd 1 1 0
34.2 kmf]xf]/ d}nf Joj:yfkg k|fljlws ;xof]u s]Gb 1 1 13245
34.2 /fli6\o u|fdL0f oftfoft ;'b=9Ls/0f sfo+qmd 3 3 425317
34.2 u|fdL0f hn;|f]t Joj:yfkg kl/of]hgf 1 1 6
34.2 klZrd g]kfn u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL kf]v/f 1 1 0
34.2 lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt 77 77 1430073
34.2 lhNnf k|fljlws sfof+no 71 71 915089
34.2 b'u+d If]q ljsf; ;ldlt 22 2 26
34.2 lghfdtL lstfjvfgf 1 1 4339
34.2 u|fdL0f ;8s ;Ghfn ;'wf/ cfof]hgf 1 1 700079
35 :jf:yo tyf hg;_Vof dGqfno 186 111 1494412
35.1 dGqfno 1 1 161030
35.2 ljefu 3 3 1037005
35.3 /fli6«o :jf:Yo lzIff ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ s]Gb| 1 1 4688
35.4 /fli6«o hg:jf:Yo k|of]uzfnf 1 1 17104
35.5 /fli6«o Ifo/f]u lgoGq0f s]Gb| 2 1 51569
35.6 /fli6«o P8\; tyf of}g/f]u s]Gb| 1 1 4504
35.7 kz'klt xf]ldof] lrlsT;fno 1 1 0
35.8 /fli6«o cf}iflw k|of]uzfnf 1 1 975
35.9 If]qLo :jf:Yo lgb]+zgfno 5 5 8530
35.1 If]qLo d]l8sn :6f]/ 5 5 2317
35.1 s]Gb|Lo, If]qLo tyf pk If]qLo tflnd s]Gb| 9 6 5232
35.1 lhNnf :jf:Yo tyf hg:jf:yo sfof+no 76 76 201191
35.1 k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb| 2 0 0
35.1 c~rn tyf lhNnf cfo"j]+b :jf:yo s]Gb| 75 6 267
35.2 cf}ifwL Joj:yf zfvf sfof+no 3 3 0
36 /fli6\o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno 113 13 1776
36.1 /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno 1 1 0
36.2 s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefu 1 1 1255
36.3 /fli6«o ljsf; :jo+;]js ;]jf 1 0 0
36.4 zfvf tYofÍ sfof+no 33 11 521
36.5 /fli6«o hgu0fgf sfof+no 77 0 0

a]?h" ePsf
sfof+no
;_Vof
;_Vof
37 k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfof+no 7 1 0
37.1 k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfof+no, k|b]z g+= ! lj/f6gu/ 1 0 0
37.2 k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfof+no, k|b]z g+= @ hgsk'/ 1 1 0
37.3 k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfof+no, k|b]z g+= # x]6f}8f 1 0 0
37.4 k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfof+no, k|b]z g+= $ kf]v/f 1 0 0
37.5 k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfof+no, k|b]z g+= % a'6jn 1 0 0
37.6 k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfof+no, k|b]z g+= ^ ;'v]+t 1 0 0
37.7 k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfof+no, k|b]z g+= & s}nfnL 1 0 0
s'n hDdf 4841 2987 106337952

cg';"rL Y ![s{
[ k|ltj]bgsf] kl/R5]b ! bkmf %/ ^ ;_u ;DalGwt{
n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf ;_ul7t ;_:yf, ;ldlt, cGo ;_:yf / lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltx?sf] ljj/0f
qm- qm-
;_:yfsf] gfd ;__Vof ;_:yfsf] gfd ;__Vof
;_- ;_-
1. Joj:yflksf
- ;_;b ;lrjfno 2 6. sfg"
- g, Gofo tyf ;_;bLo dfldnf
1.1 ;_;b ljsf; sf]if 1 dGqfno 4
1.2 zflGt sf]if 1 6.1 sfg"g lstfa Joj:yf ;ldlt 1
2. k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no 12 6.2 s]Gb|Lo sfg"g k':tsfno ljsf;
;ldlt 1
2.1 g]kfn 6\i6sf] sfof+no 1
6.3 s]lGb|o sfg"gL ;xfotf ;ldlt 1
2.2 k|wfgdGqL b}jL k|sf]k p4f/ sf]if 1
6.4 dfgj clwsf/ k'/:sf/ Joj:yfkg
2.3 k|wfgdGqL ;xfotf sf]if 1
;ldlt 1
2.4 k|wfgdGqL /fxt sf]if 1
7. s=l-if tyf kz'kG5L ljsf; dGqfno 14
2.5 k'gM lgdf{0f sf]if 1
7.1 s=lif ;fdu|L sDkgL lnld6]8 1
2.6 w/x/f k'gM; lgdf{0f sf]if 1
7.2 skf; ljsf; ;ldlt 1
2.7 zflGt sf]if ;lrjfno / Pl8lj 1
7.3 sflndf6L kmnk"mn tyf t/sf/L
2.8 If]lqo b}lj k|sf]k p4f/ sf]if 5
ahf/ ljsf; ;ldlt 1
3. cy+- dGqfno 6 7.4 rGb|8f_uL jLp jLhg tyf b'Uw
3.1 sd+rf/L ;~ro sf]if 1 ljsf; ;ldlt 1
3.2 gful/s nufgL sf]if 2 7.5 g]kfn s=lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ 1
3.3 g]kfn /fi6\ a}_s 1 7.6 pi0f k|b]lzo jfujfgL ljsf; s]Gb|
3.4 lgIf]k tyf shf+ ;'/If0f sf]if 1 ;nf+xL 1
3.5 g]kfn lwtf]kq af]8+ 1 7.7 /fli6\o lrof tyf skmL ljsf; af]8+ 1
4. pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf cfkl"t+ dGqfno 16 7.8 /fli6\o ljp ljhg sDkgL lnld6]8 1
4.1 hgsk'/ r'/f]6 sf/vfgf 1 7.9 g]kfn pv' afnL tyf lrgL ljsf;
4.2 cf}Bf]lus Jofj;fo ljsf; k|lti7fg 1 ;ldlt 1
4.3 g]kfn cf}iflw lnld6]8 3 7.10 g]kfn kz' lrlsT;f kl/ifb\ 1
4.4 pbok'/ l;d]G6 pBf]u lnld6]8 1 7.11 b'Uw ljsf; ;_:yfg 2
4.5 x]6f}8f l;d]G6 pBf]u lnld6]8 1 7.12 /fli6\o b'Uw ljsf; af]8+ 1
4.6 g]zgn 6\]l8F lnld6]8 2 7.13 kz' ljsf; kmfd+, kf]v/f [bf]xf]/f]
4.7 g]kfn vfB ;:yfg 3 dfu+{ 1
4.8 g]kfn OG6/ df]8n oftfoft ljsf; 8. u=x^ dGqfno 3
;ldlt 3 8.1 s]Gb|Lo xh sld6L 1
4.9 g]kfn OGxfG; Soflkl6h km/ 6]«8 8.2 k|x/L sNof0f sf]if 1
P08 8]enkd]06 k|f]h]S6 1 8.3 ;z:q k|x/L jn sNof0f sf]if 1
5. pmhf+, hn;|f]t tyf l;FrfO dGqfno 6 9. ;:s=lt, ko+6g tyf gful/s p8\8og
5.1 tgx"_ xfO8\f] kfj/ sDkgL lnld6]8 dGqfno 31
1 9.1 ;f:s==lts ;_:yfg 1
5.2 tfdfsf]zL hnljB't sDkgL ln- 1 9.2 g]kfn gful/s p8\oog k|flws/0f 2
5.3 df]bL hnljB't sDkgL ln- 2 9.3 g]kfn ko+6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg
5.4 pQ/u_uf xfO8\f] kfj/sDkgL ln- k|lti7fg 1
1 9.4 g]kfn jfo' ;]jf lgud 2
5.5 /fli6\o k|zf/0f lu|8 sDkgL ln- 1
9.5 tf/f ufp_ ljsf; ;ldlt 1 14.4 a;'Gw/f SoflG6g 1
9.6 kz'klt If]q ljsf; sf]if 5 14.5 jL/]Gb| c:ktfn, d]lG6g]G; km08 1
9.7 /fli6\o tfn ;_/If0f ljsf; ;ldlt 1 14.6 :joDe" af?bvfgf 1
9.8 ?? /];'uf If]q ;_/If0f tyf ko+6g 15. jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno 95
ljsf; ;ldlt 1 15.1 sfo+ ;~rfng sf]if 83
9.9 g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fg sdnfbL 1 15.2 jg k}bfjf/ ljsf; ;ldlt 1
9.10 g]kfn kj{lto k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg 1 15.3 /fi6\klt r'/] t/fO+ dw]z ;_/If0f
9.11 g]kfn ;+uLt tyf gf6\o k|1f ljsf; ;ldlt 1
k|lti7fg 1 15.4 /fli6\o k|s=lt ;_/If0f sf]if 8
9.12 kf6g ;_u|xfno ljsf; ;ldlt 1 15.5 lb l6Dj/ skf]+/]zg ckm g]kfn 1
9.13 kflye/f If]q ljsf; ;ldlt 1 15.6 hl8j'6L pTkfbg tyf k|zf]wg
9.14 af}4gfy If]q ljsf; ;ldlt 1 sDkgL ln 1
9.15 d]rL kxf8L ko+6g ljsf; ;ldlt 16. lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno 361
Onfd 1 16.1 /fli6\o k/LIff af]8+ 12
9.16 s0ff+nL If]q ko+6g k|jw+g ljsf; 16.2 hgs lzIff ;fdu|L s]Gb| ln 2
;ldlt 1 16.3 g]kfn ;_:s=t ljZjljBfno 25
9.17 xg'dfg9f]sf b/jf/ ;_u|xfno 16.4 k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos
ljsf; ;ldlt 1 tflnd kl/ifb\ 42
9.18 dgsfdgf If]q ljsf; ;ldlt 1 16.5 ljZjljBfno cg'bfg cfof]u 1
9.19 b]j3f6 If]q ljsf; ;ldlt 2 16.6 ljBfyL+ ljQLo ;xof]u sf]if ljsf;
9.20 xn];L dxfb]j :yfg ljsf; ;ldlt 1 ;ldlt 1
9.21 j'9flgns07 If]q ljsf; ;ldlt 1 16.7 ;'b'/klZrd ljZjljBfno 16
9.22 n'lDjgL If]q ljsf; sf]if 1 16.8 s=lif tyf ag ljZjljBfno 10
9.23 a=xQ/ hgsk'/ If]q ljsf; ;ldlt 1 16.9 :jKg au}rf ljsf; ;ldlt 1
9.24 g]kfn nlntsnf k|1f k|lti7fg 1 16.10 lqe'jg ljZjljBfno 215
10. e"ld Joj:yf, ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f 16.11 kf]v/f ljZj ljBfno 9
dGqfno 1
10.1 /fli6|o ;xsf/L ljsf; af]8+ 1 16.12 dWoklZrdf~rn ljZj ljBfno 14
11. ef}lts k"jf+wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfno 4 16.13 n'lDjgL af}4 ljZj ljBfno 2
11.1 ;8s af]8+ g]kfn 1 16.14 /fhlif+ hgs ljZj ljBfno 1
11.2 g]kfn /]nj] sDkgL ln- 3 16.15 o'g:] sf]sf lgldQ g]kfn /fli6\o
12. dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf Ho]i7 gful/s cfof]u 1
dGqfno 4 16.16 lq lj pRr lzIff ;'wf/ kl/of]hgf
12.1 j=4 sNof0f sf]if 1 sfof+Gjog sfof+no 1
12.2 /fli6\o ckfu ;xfotf sf]if 1 16.17 v'nf ljZj ljBfno nlntk'/ 1
12.3 ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\ 1 16.18 l8NnL/d0f k':tsfno 1
12.4 cGt/f+li6\o wd+kq wd+k'qL lj-;- 1 16.19 g]kfn /fli6\o OlGhlgol/F tyf
13. o'jf tyf v]ns'b dGqfno 3 k|ljlw k|lti7fg k"jf+wf/ lgdf+0f
13.1 /fli6\o v]ns'b kl/ifb\ ljsf; ;ldlt 1
2 16.20 g]kfn lj1fg tyf k|ljlw k|lti7fg 1
13.2 o'jf tyf ;fgf Jofj;foL :j/f]huf/ 16.21 d]l8sn sn]h k"jf+wf/ ljsf;
sf]if 1 ;ldlt 1
14. /Iff dGqfno 6 16.22 ;Lk ljsf; kl/of]hgf sf7df08f} 1
14.1 g]kfnL ;}lgs, sNof0fsf/L sf]if 1 16.23 ljlk sf]O/fnf d]d]fl/on
14.2 g]kfnL ;}lgs ljdfg ;]jf, Jofkfl/s Knfg]6l/od cJh/e]6/L / lj1fg
p8fg ljsf; ;ldlt 1 ;u|xfno ljsf; ;ldlt 1
14.3 ax' Joj;fo pBf]u 1 16.24 /fli6\o ljlw lj1fg k|of]uzfnf 1

17. ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfno 83 21.3 c_rn c:ktfn 10
17.1 g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0f 1 21.4 If]qLo tyf pkIf]qLo c:kQfnx? 4
17.2 g]kfn 6]lnlehg 2 21.5 kf]v/f :jf:Yo lj1fg k||lti7fg 1
17.3 /fli6\o ;dfrf/ ;ldlt 1 21.6 cfo'j]+j]b lrlsT;fnox? 2
17.4 rnlrq ljsf; af]8+ 1 21.7 sflGt afn c:ktfn ljsf;
;ldlt 1
17.5 k|]; sfplG;n 1
21.8 ls6hGo /f]u cg';Gwfg tyf
17.6 kqsf/ sNof0f sf]if 1
tflnd s]Gb| 1
17.7 wgfb]z 1
21.9 lrlsT;f lj1fg /fli6\o k|lti7fg
17.8 /]l8of] k|;f/ ;]jf ljsf; ;ldlt 10 [jL/ c:ktfn{ 1
17.9 x'nfs art a}s 63 21.10 g]kfn :jf:yo cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ 1
17.10 sfo+;~rfng sf]if 2
21.11 k/f]ksf/ tyf :qL /f]u c:ktfn
18. ;x/L ljsf; dGqfno 39 ljsf; ;ldlt 1
18.1 cGt/f+li6\o ;Dd]ng s]Gb| ljsf; ;ldlt 1 21.12 kf6g :jf:yo lj1fg k|lti7fg 1
18.2 clwsf/ ;DkGg jfudtL ;Eotf 21.13 ;'lzn sf]O/fnf k|v/ SofG;/
ljsf; ;ldlt [sf]if{ 1 c:kQfn g]kfnu_h 1
18.3 hUuf ljsf; rqmsf]if 1 21.14 aL-kL-sf]O/fnf d]df]l/on SofG;/
18.4 blIf0fsfnL If]q k|aGw ljsf; ;ldlt 1 c:ktfn 1
18.5 gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt 26 21.15 dfgl;s c:ktfn 1
18.6 l;_xb/af/ ;lrjfno k'gMlgdf+0f ;ldlt 1 21.16 zxLb u_ufnfn /fli6\o x=bo s]Gb| 1
18.7 sf7df08f} pkTosf ljsf; 21.17 z'qm/fh 6\lksn tyf ;?jf /f]u
k|flws/0f / lhNnf cfo'Qm sfof+no 4 c:ktfn 1
18.8 ;_o'Qm /fi6|;_3 kfs+ ljsf; ;ldlt 1 21.18 l;_xb/af/ a}Bvfgf ljsf; ;ldlt 1
18.9 /fli6\o cfjf; sDkgL lnld6]8 21.19 :jf:Yo jLdf jf]8+ 1
2
21.20 /fKtL :jf:Yo lj1fg k|lti7fg 1
18.10 gu/ ljsf; sf]if 1 21.21 /fli6|\o Ifo /f]u s]Gb| 1
19. vfg]f kfgL dGqfno 4 21.22 zlxb wd+eQm /fli6«o k|Tof/f]k0f
19.1 u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO+ sf]if s]Gb| 1
ljsf; ;ldlt 1 21.23 kz'klt xf]ldof] lrlsT;fno ljsf;
19.2 vfg]kfgL dx;'n lgwf+/0f cfof]u 1 ;ldlt 1
21.24 /fli6\o cfo'j]+b cg';Gwfg tyf
19.3 g]kfn vfg]kfgL ;_:yfg 1 tflnd s]Gb| 1
19.4 sf7df08f} pkTosf vfg]kfgL 21.25 lh-kL sf]O/fnf :jf; k|Zjf; pkrf/
Joj:yfkg af]8+ 1 s]Gb| 1
20. ;_3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g 21.26 s0ff+nL :jf:Yo lj1fg k|lti7fg 1
dGqfno 68 s'n hDdfM 884
20.1 u|fdL0f ljsf; k|lzIf0f s]Gb|x? 5
20.2 :yflgo ljsf; k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg 1
20.3 dlxnf ljsf; k|lzIf0f s]Gb|x? 2
20.4 gu/ ljsf; k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg sf:sL 1
20.5 :yfgLo ljsf; sf]ifsf] ;lrjfno 56
20.6 lghfdtL sd+rf/L c:kQfn 1
20.7 sd+rf/L k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg 1
20.8 g]kfn k|zf;lgs k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg 1
21. :jf:yo tyf hg;_Vof dGqfno 122
21.1 c:ktfn ljsf; ;ldltx? 34
21.2 cGo c:ktfn 51

cg';"rL ! v
k|ltj]bgsf] kl/R5]b !bkmf &, * / !);Fu;DalGwt
sfo{d"ns tyf ljz]if n]vfk/LIf0f ul/Psf sfof+nox?sf] ljj/0f
qm=;+= ljifo÷If]q lgsfo÷dGqfno

1 pkef]Qmf ;ldlt dfkm{t ;Dkflbt lgdf{0f sfo{ k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no
2 cf}iflw Joj:yfkg :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof
3 s[lif cg';Gwfgsf] pknlJw s[lif tyf kz'k+IfL ljsf;
4 ul/aL lgjf/0f sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no
5 u'7L hUufsf] pkof]u e"ld Joj:yf, ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f
6 u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] sfo{;Dkfbg l:ylt dlxnf, jfnjflnsf tyf Ho]i7 gful/s
7 d}n'ª :ofk|m'a]+;L / v'nfn' n}km' l;dsf]6 ;8s lgdf{0f l:ylt /Iff
8 ;/sf/L ejgx?sf] k'gM lgdf{0f k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no
9 ;/sf/L ;jf/L ;fwg Joj:yfkg k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no
10 ;/sf/L / ;fj{hlgs hUufsf] pkof]u / ;+/If0f e"ld Joj:yf, ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f
11 ;Ff+:s[lts ;Dkbf ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg ;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og
12 sdf08 If]qdf l;+rfO{ Joj:yfkg phf{, hn;|f]t tyf l;+rfO{
13 s/ k|zf;gsf] d"NofÍg cy{
14 s[lif cg'bfgsf] pknlJw s[lif tyf kz'k+IfL ljsf;
15 hUufsf] v08Ls/0f / lsQfsf6 e"ld Joj:yf, ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f
16 lhNnf k|zf;g sfof+nox?sf] ;]jf k|jfx u[x
17 k|fljlws k/LIf0fsf] l:ylt k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no
18 k|fljlws lzIffdf ePsf] nufgL / k|ltkmn lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw
19 /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf ;+/lIft If]qsf] Joj:yfkg jg tyf jftfj/0f
20 jfUdtL sf]l/8f]/ lgdf{0f / ;/;kmfO{ ;x/L ljsf;
21 j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] ;]jf k|jfx >d, /f]huf/ tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff
22 ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] hUufpkof]u / ;+/If0f ;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og
jftfj/0fLo n]vfk/LIf0f
1 j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg jg tyf jftfj/0f
1 Psn vftf sf]if k|0ffnL (TSA) cy{
2 ljB'tLo ;/sf/L vl/b (e-GP) k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no
3 :jrflnt eG;f/ hfFrkf; k|0ffnL (ASYCUDA) cy{
ljZf]if n]vfk/LIf0f
1 bLuf] ljsf; nIo /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u
2 Institutional Framework for Fighting Against Corruption in k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no
Nepal

cg';"rL–2
[k|ltj]bgsf] kl/R5]b ! sf] bkmf ! ;_u ;DalGwt{
;/sf/L sfof+nosf] n]vfk/LIf0f /sd
[? xhf/df{
ljlgof]hg /fh:j w/f}6L cGo sf/f]jf/
s|- n]vfk/LIf0f
dGqfno/ lgsfosf] gfd n]vfk/LIf0f ug'+kg+] ;DkGg n]vfk/LIf0f ug+'kg+] ;DkGg n]vfk/LIf0f ug'+kg]+ ;DkGg n]vfk/LIf0f ug'+kg]+ ;DkGg
;_ ;DkGg /sd
OsfO+ /sd OsfO+ /sd OsfO+ /sd OsfO+ /sd OsfO+ /sd OsfO+ /sd OsfO+ /sd OsfO+ /sd
rfn' jif+MY
1 /fi6\kltsf] sfof+no 1 160023 1 160023 1 257 1 257 1 33843 1 33843 0 0 0 0 194123
2 pk/fi6\kltsf] sfof+no 1 42968 1 42968 1 22 1 22 1 713 1 713 0 0 0 0 43703
3 Joj:yflksf ;_;b ;lrjfno 1 1076821 1 1076821 1 5249 1 5249 1 10975 1 10975 1 50647 1 50647 1143692
4 ;jf]+Rr cbfnt 107 5117677 107 5117677 107 988152 107 988152 107 6885747 107 6885747 0 0 0 0 12991576
5
clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u 11 856309 11 856309 10 6805 10 6805 10 66179 10 66179 0 0 929293
6 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof+no 1 406164 1 406164 1 1458 1 1458 1 2709 1 2709 1 315 1 315 410646
7 nf]s ;]jf cfof]u 16 856654 16 856654 16 140055 16 140055 16 9469 16 9469 0 0 0 0 1006178
8 lgjf+rg cfof]u 546 8975494 546 8975494 104 136457 104 136457 315 322588 315 322588 1 11166 1 11166 9445705
9 dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof+no 97 994197 97 994197 43 5293 43 5293 37 38819 37 38819 0 0 1038309
10 Gofo kl/ifb\ 1 63328 1 63328 1 1558 1 1558 1 332 1 332 0 0 65218
11 /fli6\o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u 10 186123 10 186123 2 3369 2 3369 2 1030 2 1030 0 0 190522
12 /fli6\o k|fs=lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfof]u 1 83683 1 83683 1 15 1 15 1 2665 1 2665 0 0 0 0 86363
13 /fli6\o dlxnf cfof]u 1 60719 1 60719 1 15 1 15 1 523 1 523 1 2574 1 2574 63831
14 k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfof+no k|b]z g_ ! 1 20002 1 6385637 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6385637
15 k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfof+no k|b]z g_ @ 1 27735 1 27735 1 66 1 66 1 93 1 93 0 0 0 0 27894
16 k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfof+no k|b]z g_ # 1 12464 1 12464 0 0 0 0 1 21 1 21 0 0 0 12485
17 k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfof+no k|b]z g $ 1 19102 1 19102 0 0 0 0 1 262 1 262 0 0 0 0 19364
18 k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfof+no k|b]z g_ % 1 18975 1 18975 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18975
19 k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfof+no k|b]z g_ ^ 1 16302 1 16302 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16302
20 k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfof+no k|b]z g _& 1 16716 1 16716 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16716
21 k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf]
sfof+no 190 120530991 190 120530991 130 209216 130 209216 130 2025903 130 2025903 7 33764770 7 33764770 156530880
22 cy+ 173 180003040 173 180003040 155 641363201 155 641363201 155 5328222 155 5328222 92 222537761 92 222537761 1049232224
23 pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt+ 109 4219356 109 4219356 96 2966583 96 2966583 108 377987 108 377987 28 433722 28 433722 7997648
24 phf+, hn;|f]t tyf l;rfO+ 197 60277544 197 60277544 184 3471038 184 3471038 189 6731635 189 6731635 3 10586728 3 10586728 81066945
25 sfg"g, Gofo tyf ;_;bLo dfldnf 12 155716 12 155716 3 14 3 14 3 225 3 225 1 3017 1 3017 158972
26 s=lif tyf kz'kG5L ljsf; 402 24387294 402 24387294 359 459591 359 459591 339 516279 339 516279 140 518502 140 518502 25881666
27 u=x 810 69178958 810 69178958 426 8822295 426 8822295 366 1567143 366 1567143 154 25255145 154 25255145 104823541
28 k//fi6\ 45 4524959 45 4524959 4 3673912 4 3673912 3 9274 3 9274 3 2468330 3 2468330 10676475
29 ;_:s=lt, ko+6g tyf gful/s p88\og 33 3848752 33 3848752 27 1324710 27 1324710 28 233816 28 233816 9 27837 9 27837 5435115
30 e"ld Joj:yf, ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL
lgjf/0f 338 6375313 338 6375313 294 20429737 294 20429737 220 769349 220 769349 276 18160286 276 18160286 45734685
31 ef}lts k'jf+wf/ tyf oftfoft 165 95862481 165 95862481 165 24324094 165 24324094 146 8311771 146 8311771 75 6750526 75 6750526 135248872
32 dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf h]i7 gful/s 83 1512327 82 1490935 54 5983 54 5983 34 19385 34 19385 75 1148677 75 1148677 2664980
33 o'jf tyf v]ns'b 77 2169011 77 2169011 3 19451 3 19451 2 2570 2 2570 0 0 0 0 2191032
34 /Iff 304 66094935 304 66094935 228 970991 228 970991 283 1843699 283 1843699 0 0 0 0 68909625
35 jg tyf jftfj/0f 196 14987883 196 14987883 196 1873984 196 1873984 192 1927819 192 1927819 86 1075272 86 1075272 19864958
36 lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw 136 46358733 136 46358733 89 1011298 89 1011298 66 386317 66 386317 5 598437 5 598437 48354785

ljlgof]hg /fh:j w/f}6L cGo sf/f]jf/
s|- n]vfk/LIf0f
dGqfno/ lgsfosf] gfd n]vfk/LIf0f ug'+kg+] ;DkGg n]vfk/LIf0f ug+'kg+] ;DkGg n]vfk/LIf0f ug'+kg]+ ;DkGg n]vfk/LIf0f ug'+kg]+ ;DkGg
;_ ;DkGg /sd
OsfO+ /sd OsfO+ /sd OsfO+ /sd OsfO+ /sd OsfO+ /sd OsfO+ /sd OsfO+ /sd OsfO+ /sd
37 >d, /f]huf/ tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff 43 1002138 43 1002138 30 48175 30 48175 22 1974605 22 1974605 14 40207738 14 40207738 43232656
38 ;_rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw 270 5557041 270 5557041 85 8220127 85 8220127 80 122272 80 122272 6 62658 6 62658 13962098
39 ;x/L ljsf; 58 27880110 58 27880110 58 721965 58 721965 55 1769445 55 1769445 37 187518 37 187518 30559038
40 vfg]kfgL 85 24628046 85 24628046 84 86132 84 86132 83 1927667 83 1927667 61 176402 61 176402 26818247
41 ;_3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g 193 60805875 193 60805875 183 1168523 183 1168523 483 1164830 483 1164830 0 0 0 0 63139228
42 :jf:Yo tyf hg;_Vof 534 27984879 534 27984879 167 510481 167 510481 245 416586 245 416586 46 2410975 46 2410975 31322921
43 /fli6\o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno 113 913409 113 913409 16 1972 16 1972 9 11756 9 11756 0 0 0 0 927137
hDdf 5367 868270247 5366 874614490 3326 722972244 3326 722972244 3738 44814523 3738 44814523 1122 366439003 1122 366439003 2008840260
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2 lgjf+rg cfof]u 5 390 6 2 37 129 0 0 0
3 cy+ 1 499 13 1745 11 43551 1 11435 0
4 pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt+ 1 6,080 7 887 1 1239 0 0 0
5 phf+ hn;|f]t tyf l;rfO+ 67 108,266 2 103 90 26819 0 0 0
6 sfg"g, Gofo tyf ;_;bLo dfldnf 3 274 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 s=lif tyf kz'kG5L ljsf; 25 575,742 16 10230 94 7294 0 0 0
8 u=x 8 11,414 10 8145 78 14859 0
9 k//fi6\ 1 2,875 6 251787 0 0 1 0 0
10 ;__:s=lt, ko+6g tyf gful/s p8\8og 7 1595 30 4654 25 1960 0
11 e"ld Joj:yf ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL
lgjf/0f 26 13,126 195 13092 87 15547 2 2539 0
12 ef}lts k\"jf+wf/ tyf oftfoft 187 238,203 0 0 43 44910 0 0 0
13 dlxnf,afnaflnsf tyf h]i7 gful/s 0 0 16 283 4 146 0 0 0
14 o'jf tyf v]ns'b 4 12,418 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
15 /Iff 35,222 2 45 5 6673 0 0 0
16 jg tyf jftfj/0f 13 27,001 4 22881 46 27706 18 227 0
17 lzIff lj1fg tyf k|ljlw 67 237,961 88 8102 113 34445 1 0 0
18 ;x/L ljsf; 18 26,543 2 4 41 2949 0
19 vfg]kfgL 40 130,313 0 0 14 218 0 0 0
20 ;_rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw 0 0 0 0 12 3026 0
21 ;_l3o dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g 229 312,675 0 0 159 19334 0
22 :jf:Yo tyf hg;_Vof 274 960,039 58 6073 497 43646 0 0 0
hDdf 976 2700636 0 0 499 330481 0 0 1401 335380 0 0 23 14201 0 0 0
s'n hDdf 6343 870970883 5366 874614490 3825 723302725 3326 722972244 5139 45149903 3738 44814523 1145 366453204 1122 366439003 2008840260

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1 ;jf]+Rrcbfnt 0 0 44 2448 44 40929 0 0 88 43377
2 lgjf+rgcfof]u 5 390 6 2 37 129 0 0 48 521
3 cy+ 1 499 13 1745 11 43551 1 11435 26 57230
4 pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyfcfk"lt+ 1 6,080 7 887 1 1239 0 0 9 8206
5 pmhf+, hn;|f]t tyfl;FrfO 67 108,266 2 103 90 26819 0 0 159 135188
6 sfg"g, Gofotyf ;_;bLodfldnf 3 274 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 274
7 s=liftyf kz'kG5L ljsf; 25 575,742 16 10230 94 7294 0 0 135 593266
8 u=x 8 11,414 10 8145 78 14859 0 0 96 34418
9 k//fi6\ 1 2,875 6 251787 0 0 1 0 8 254,662
10 ;__:s=lt, ko+6g tyfgful/s p8\8og 7 1595 30 4654 25 1960 62 8209
11 e"ldJoj:yf, ;xsf/L tyful/jLlgjf/0f 26 13,126 195 13092 87 15547 2 2539 310 44304
12 ef}lts k\"jf+wf/ tyfoftfoft 187 238,203 0 0 43 44910 0 0 230 283113
13 dlxnf,afnaflnsftyf h]i7 gful/s 1 21,392 16 283 4 146 21 21821
14 o'jftyf v]ns'b 4 12,418 4 12418
15 /Iff 35,222 2 45 5 6673 0 0 7 41940
16 jgtyfjftfj/0f 13 27,001 4 22881 46 27706 18 227 81 77815
17 lzIff, lj1fg tyfk|ljlw 67 237,961 88 8102 113 34445 1 0 269 280508
19 ;x/L ljsf; 18 26,543 2 4 41 2949 0 0 61 29496
20 vfg]kfgL 40 130,313 0 0 14 218 0 0 54 130531
22 ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgfk|ljlw 0 0 0 0 12 3026 0 0 12 3026
23 ;_3Lo dfldnftyf ;fdfGok|zf;g 229 312,675 0 0 159 19334 0 0 388 332009
24 :jf:Yotyf hg;_Vof 274 960,039 58 6073 497 43646 0 0 829 1009758
hDdfM 977 2722028 499 330481 1401 335380 23 14201 2900 3402090

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2 k|wfgdGqLtyfdlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no 12 12 12 2692794 0
3 cy+ 7 6 6 1 1485190984 1
5 pBf]u,jfl0fHo tyfcfk"lt+ 15 11 7 4 53850675 4
6 pmhf+, hn;|f]t tyfl;FrfO 9 6 5 1 5,864,936 3
7 sfg"g, Gofotyf ;_;bLodfldnf 4 4 1 3 203447 0
8 s=liftyf kz'kG5L ljsf; 14 14 5 9 15609575 0
9 u=x 3 3 0 3 7420319 0
10 ;_:s=lt, ko+6g tyfgful/s p8\8og 38 34 4 30 479,139,546 4
12 e"ldJoj:yf, ;xsf/L tyful/jLlgjf/0f 2 1 1 147866 1
13 ef}ltsk"jf+wf/ tyfoftfoft 5 5 4 1 8334407 0
14 dlxnf, afnaflnsftyf h]i7 gful/s 3 3 0 3 56480 0
15 o'jftyf v]ns"'b 3 3 3 12262799 0
16 /Iff 6 6 6 42150257 0
17 jgtyfjftfj/0f 98 98 1 97 3130974 0
21 lzIff, lj1fg tyfk|ljlw 566 359 1 360 165760201 207
24 ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgfk|ljlw 88 83 4 79 51888129 5
25 ;F\3Lo dfldnftyf ;fdfGok|zf;g 68 68 68 4231180 0
26 :jf:Yotyf hg;_Vof 124 122 0 122 33059237 2
27 ;x/L ljsf; 37 37 1 36 25301261 0
28 vfg]kfgL 7 2 2 2 37180777 5
hDdfM 1111 879 42 842 2,433,503,584 232

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cy{ dGqfno 0 7 1485190984 1051 14997731 231041178 669826 21674958 935934457 280872834 1485190984 42706271 1146879319 295605394 1485190984
sd{rf/L ;~rosf]if 2074/75 1 312005645 0 29804915 0 0 3447695 278753035 312005645 40099501 270537459 1368685 312005645
gful/s nufgLsf]if 2074/75 2 4693793 903123 874097 0 2079590 836983 4693793 813597 3761942 118254 4693793
gful/s nufgLsf]if 2073/74 1 2516110 903123 545755 0 864007 203225 2516110 812676 1589271 114163 2516110
g]kfnlwtf]kqaf]8{ 2074/75 1 1066683 1051 191485 481128 296191 0 10306 87573 1066683 20476 479492 S566715 1066683
g]kfn /fi6« a}+s 2074/75 1 1155095655 5000000 199299214 0 21674958 929121483 0 1155095655 948998 860727492 293419165 1155095655
lgIf]k tyfshf+ ;'/If0f sf]if 2074/75 1 9813098 8000000 36069 373635 411376 992018 9813098 11023 9783663 18412 9813098
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dGqfno 0 34 52086192 0 11124599 -11391839 -4284946 9055593 12901071 4271805 21676283 5083992 13424969 3167322 21676283
cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo ljsf;
k|lti7fg 2073/74 1 78905 26889 -14752 0 37264 0 49401 19629 1269 28503 49401
pbok'/ l;d]G6 pBf]u
lnld6]8 2072/73 1 12106910 3648051 -4359647 1725000 1756302 617910 3387616 2068840 1210594 108182 3387616
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lnld6]8 2073/74 1 3545843 900685 -681838 1963320 2182167 1402013 780154 2182167
g]kfn cf}ifwL lnld6]8 2074/75 1 3235944 75499 30936 -1543320 1060900 272893 252396 149304 35484 112518 1302 149304
g]kfn cf}ifwL lnld6]8 2073/74 2 3014035 75499 30936 -1433681 1010900 222563 240456 146673 22702 122669 1302 146673
g]kfn cf}ifwL lnld6]8 2072/73 3 1507377 75499 30936 -1293193 921257 170304 180188 84991 17658 66031 1302 84991
hgsk'/ r'/f]6 sf/vfgf
lnld6]8 2074/75 1 3228773 40837 64244 0 2946277 163754 13661 3228773 26064 241450 2961259 3228773
g]kfn vfB ;+:yfg 2072/73 1 4192577 990495 -1160696 0 0 1077709 963677 1871185 262197 1599247 9741 1871185
g]kfn vfB ;+:yfg 2071/72 2 3982677 990495 -1180483 0 0 1292068 519631 1621711 257543 1354927 9241 1621711
g]kfn vfB ;+:yfg 2070/71 3 3792427 990495 -1014579 0 0 1389964 397389 1763269 257532 1496496 9241 1763269
g]kfn vfB ;+:yfg 2069/70 4 3532301 990495 -1131587 0 0 1410219 397277 1666404 259311 1397852 9241 1666404
g]kfn vfB ;+:yfg 2068/69 5 3484341 990495 -1071085 0 0 1154763 267998 1342171 253762 1079168 9241 1342171
g]kfn vfB ;+:yfg 2067/68 6 3830175 990495 -1100732 0 0 1507951 230997 1628711 184725 1434745 9241 1628711
g]zgn 6]«l8ª lnld6]8 2074/75 1 794559 169335 102196 0 359264 140010 23754 794559 9422 773706 11431 794559
g]zgn 6]«l8ª lnld6]9 2073/74 2 1759348 169335 49560 0 1031995 341987 166471 1759348 7110 1754143 -1905 1759348
pmhf{ hn;|f]t tyf l;FrfO
dGqfno 0 7 5864936 0 3720000 -6863 -287019 1441394 312020 0 5179532 1262439 2165809 1736445 5164693
tfdfsf]zL hnljB't sDkgL
lnld6]8 2073/74 1 56 0 0 -23 33 0 10 0 10 0 10
tgx'+ xfO+8«f]kfj/ sDkgL
lnld6]8 2074/75 1 3762644 1710000 -335816 1441394 275434 0 3091012 1149461 205106 1736445 3091012
df]bL hnljB't sDkgL
lnld6]8 2074/75 1 14950 -1970 12980 11010 -1970 -1970
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lnld6]8 2073/74 2 3708 -1849 1859 10 -1849 -1849
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lnld6]8 2074/75 1 2077480 2010000 48820 18660 0 2077480 112978 1964502 0 2077480
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dGqfno 0 8 14825885 36287 5058733 2896337 -972725 208 3424560 2310334 12717447 4831038 7012728 873681 12717447
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lnld6]8 2074/075 1 444619 118517 95272 0 0 230830 0 444619 168800 195499 80320 444619
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2074/075 4594278 36016 2882032 1593334 0 0 118912 0 4594278 2882032 1674027 38219 4594278
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2074/075 60633 112 0 0 46625 0 14008 0 60633 1471 58977 185 60633
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g]kfn kz' lrlsT;f kl/ifb\ 2074/075 1 11616 0 8937 0 0 0 2679 11616 2889 8727 0 11616
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/fli6\o b'Uw ljsf; ;:yfg 2073/74 2 2627678 730080 0 -549751 0 252513 1095334 1528176 366286 1112528 49362 1528176
/fli6\o b'Uw ljsf; af]8+ 2074/75 1 232796 159 171642 0 34869 208 0 26077 232796 90413 21714 120669 232796
;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s
p8\8og dGqfno 0 3 475454524 510401 82581752 298861108 543370 59953749 22490305 10729544 475159828 386615085 80205216 8339527 475159828
g]kfn gful/s p8\8og
2074/75 195600864 35758177 144968848 3900072 4004018 6969749 195600864 160395851 26877823 8327190 195600864
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2073/74 181938552 25489723 141964527 0 5934371 8549931 0 181938552 151665156 30273396 0 181938552
k|flws/0f 2
g]kfnjfo';]jflgud 2074/75 1 42706834 3103837 4101487 29280273 4023145 2198092 42706834 37902882 4797784 6168 42706834
g]kfn jfo';]jf lgud 2073/74 2 34190222 3103837 4961241 20713921 3849520 1561703 34190222 29323423 4860630 6169 34190222
;f+:s[lts ;+:yfg 2073/74 1 498596 13209 319 -147348 125112 212608 0 203900 179456 24444 203900
kz'klt If]q ljsf; sf]]if 2070/71 1 3730623 53073 2879502 572568 67627 0 210926 0 3730623 1261641 2468982 0 3730623
ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf
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g]kfn /]Nj] sDkgL lnld6]8 2074/75 1 463340 9977 0 -242123 211240 15559 0 -5347 593 -5942 -5349
g]kfn /]Nj] sDkgL lnld6]8 2073/74 2 495327 9977 0 -252979 216240 16903 0 -9859 1307 -11166 -9859
g]kfn /]Nj] sDkgL lnld6]8 2072/73 3 463341 9977 0 -252207 250040 29145 0 36955 864 36091 36955
;8s af]8+ g]kfn 2074/75 1 6912399 29433 6816578 0 0 0 78964 16857 6912399 0 5180988 1731411 6912399
jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno 0 2 2469960 113401 16082 172427 406367 0 652888 1582812 2830576 643050 1277035 940491 2860576
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/fli6\o k|s=lt ;_/If0f sf]if 2074/75 1 1459053 113401 0 0 65284 0 77358 1316411 1459053 411212 266128 811713 1489053
lzIff lj1fg tyf k|ljlw
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lnld6]8 2073/74 2 4167885 456381 0 -1978414 1574222 234668 622561 909418 244544 664774 100 909418
dWoklZrd ljZjljBfno 2074/75 14 635803 98634 551411 49338 249817 0 36309 0 886875 551468 32660 302747 886875
;'b'/klZrd ljZjljBfno 2074/75 16 315461 11294 718461 150027 0 0 8740 0 877228 359464 -15926 533690 877228
s=lif tyf jg ljZjljBfno 2074/75 10 1075863 58595 738839 0 484869 0 133129 0 1356837 738839 30255 587743 1356837
/fhlif+ hgs ljZjljBfno 2074/75 1 52400 109 12746 30975 0 0 0 0 43721 12746 765 30210 43721
g]kfn ;_:s=t ljZjljBfno 2074/75 25 1311482 16022 970075 20742 -5113 0 85786 0 1071490 1013774 19169 38547 1071490
kf]v/f ljZjljBfno 929621 1714 2038144 263700 135385 0 389503 0 2826732 810166 11802 2004764 2826732
2074/75 215
lqe'jg ljZjljBfno 103187746 2894219 15745511 6654997 0 6827379 0 33459165 15037015 3507506 14016526 32561047
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g]kfn b"/;+rf/ k|flws/0f 2074/75 1 35398367 0 18641123 14071940 0 1453855 1231449 35398367 72017 35322073 4277 35398367
g]kfn 6]lnlehg 2074/75 1 5072002 3161198 -1367034 315 86477 456978 2337934 529331 1808603 2337934
g]kfn 6]lnlehg 2073/74 2 4663170 2858938 -1254477 393 94863 454499 2154216 374039 1780177 2154216
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k|lti7fg 2074/75 1 2337659 835 27 891115 277701 1168843
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2074/75 1 - - - 14728 14728
k|lti7fg 14728 13638 2000 (1598) 14326 595 14133 -
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2074/75 1 13269 - - 139305 139305
kl/ifb 139305 23 - 108773 17263 40696 98609 -
;x/L ljsf; dGqfno 0 3 14576805 0 2562368 6172157 1306683 0 4516835 18762 14576805 566566 13956996 53243 14576805
gu/ ljsf; sf]if 2074/75 1 9382502 2458368 1177765 1306683 0 4439686 0 9382502 141238 9224463 16801 9382502
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vfg]kfgLdGqfno 0 2 35215341 0 845712 9922221 231084 17509301 4685200 33761 33227279 4925190 27313774 988315 33227279
g]kfnvfg]kfgL ;_:yfg 2071/72 1 5122142 845712 101443 -994031 1861104 1319852 0 3134080 1610670 1115195 408215 3134080
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@ ;ldlt 0 8 4118821 480103 530917 1202693 249526 156470 605905 115182 2860693 993366 1191997 675331 2860694
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skf; ljsf; ;ldlt 2074/75 1 191218 0 28605 77847 156470 485 0 191218 92593 18511 80114 191218
(72189)
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2074/75 1 613524 365 220089 346840 46595 0 0 0 613524 211183 144341 258000 613524
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u|fdL0f ljsf; k|lzIf0f s]Gb 2074/75 5 50864 367 11875 0 8168 19154 27322 0 3203 2249 18090 23542 3780 15655
dlxnf ljsf; k|lzIf0f s]Gb| 2074/75 2 43646 2365 20172 0 10428 13224 23652 10428 8700 827 39 19994 3658 23830
gu/ ljsf; k|lzIf0f k||lti7fg 2074/75 1 31348 0 91 0 0 21560 21560 0 0 0 9788 9788 11772 11863
lghfdtL sd+rf/L c:ktfn 2074/75 1 2863743 182822 73313 661006 363678 409710 1434394 282439 374158 295082 477670 1429349 5045 78358
:jf:yo tyf hg;_Vof dGqfno 0 5 15522088 814672 2982652 2170685 3427999 2184276 7782960 0 4985956 923060 1830112 7739128 43832 3026484
lj-kL-sf]O/fnf d]-Sof-c:ktfn, lrtjg 2074/75 1 2965780 45,630 587,656 160,562 560,500 622,637 1343699 - 143,850 324,100 1,154,131 1622081 -278382 309274
zlxbu_ufnfnXbo s]Gb| 2074/75 1 4340337 30,393 2,112,914 1,188,881 858,256 - 2047137 - 1,972,392 320,808 - 2293200 -246063 1866851
lrlsT;f lj1fg /fli6«o k|lti7fg -jL/
2074/75 1 4210977 2156265 2054712 101553 200356
c:kQfn_ 668,797 98,803 41,258 567,270 1,547,737 - 1,384,712 - 670,000
kf]v/f :jf:Yo lj1fg k|lti7fg, kf]v/f 2074/75 1 1,196,146 14,528 121,972 330,330 262,376 13,902 606608 307,280 276,277 5,981 589538 17070 139042
:jf:YojLdfaf]8{ 2074/75 1 2808848 55,324 61,307 449,654 1,179,597 - 1629251 - 1,177,722 1,875 - 1179597 449654 510961
;ldltM 0 149 30514768 1507143 5405466 3665611 8236540 4142225 16044376 4140826 5946189 2164313 3166052 15417380 626996 6032462
s=liftyf kz'kG5L ljsf; dGqfno 0 2 17865 384 83 0 17782 0 17782 0 0 0 17782 17782 0 83
g]kfnpv' tyflrgLljsf; ;ldlt 2074/75 1 7926 0 64 0 7862 0 7862 0 0 0 7862 7862 0 64
rGb| 8f_uL b'Uwljsf; ;ldlt 2074/75 1 9939 384 19 0 9920 0 9920 0 0 9920 9920 0 19
;_:s=lt,ko+6g tyfgful/s p8\8og
0 23 2636271 293433 1098752 127644 1131820 297196 1556660 258555 1500614 50039 104043 1913251 -356591 742161
dGqfno
n'lDjgLljsf; sf]]if 2074/75 1 1403405 270717 552419 0 719400 131586 850986 133116 984228 0 36977 1154321 -303335 249084
xg'dfg 9f]sf b/jf/ ;+u|fxfnoljsf;
;ldlt 2074/75 1 243480 4467 163995 20199 0 59287 79486 34706 0 0 9572 44278 35208 199203
kf6g ;_u|fxnoljsf; ;ldlt, kf6g
b/jf/, nlntk'/ 2074/75 1 51421 504 17593 28313 4052 1463 33828 1215 13108 7475 991 22789 11039 28632
/fli6o tfn ;_/If0f ljsf; ;ldlt 2074/75 1 15813 20 4147 0 10583 1083 11666 7336 5791 0 0 13127 -1461 2686
?? /];u' f ko+6g If]q ljsf; ;ldlt 2074/75 1 6703 0 1172 5501 30 5531 3500 0 397 2756 6653 -1122 50

df}Hbft
ly+sjif+
jf}4gfy If]q ljsf; ;ldlt, jf}4,
sf7df8f}_ 2074/75 1 96471 450 18337 74750 0 3384 78134 1581 2718 9540 4190 18029 60105 78442
kflye/f If]q ljsf; ;ldlt, tfKn]h'u 2074/75 1 7347 43 14561 0 3800 3547 7347 0 5840 2651 0 8491 -1144 13417
kj+tLo k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg ljsf; ;ldlt 2074/75 1 95976 4211 44371 4382 44146 3077 51605 43972 105 2231 21906 68214 -16609 27762
d]rL kxf8L ko+6g If]q ljsf; ;ldlt 2074/75 1 11085 0 2083 0 8025 977 9002 0 9920 0 0 9920 -918 1165
s0ff+nL If]q ko+6g k|j+2g ljsf; ;ldlt 2074/75 1 6795 0 0 0 6795 0 6795 0 6795 0 0 6795 0 0
a'9flgns07 If]q ljsf; ;ldlt 2074/75 1 4042 980 519 0 2948 575 3523 1886 1646 0 362 3894 -371 148
g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fg 2074/75 1 386336 1460 186414 0 124526 75396 199922 5535 303077 0 10314 318926 -119004 67410
xn];L dxfb]j:yfgljsf; ;ldltvf]6fF 2074/75 1 4175 8 13 0 4162 0 4162 0 3540 630 0 4170 -8 5
g]kfn ;_uLttyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fg 2074/75 1 84256 8 17900 0 60117 6239 66356 14003 18036 24003 2535 58577 7779 25679
efg'hGd:ynljsf; ;ldlt 2074/75 1 0 0 0 0
dgsfdgf If]q ljsf; ;ldlt 2074/75 1 2884 0 822 0 800 1262 2062 0 401 1664 0 2065 -3 819
jxt/ hgsk'/ If]q lj-;- 2074/75 1 83713 7158 28898 0 52565 2250 54815 0 68437 0 1939 70376 -15561 13337
b]j3f6 If]q ljsf; ;ldlt 2074/75 1 16422 663 1812 0 10400 4210 14610 0 14174 0 0 14174 436 2248
a[xQ/ a/fxfIf]q ljsf; ;ldlt 2074/75 1 8399 254 99 0 8300 0 8300 0 7754 575 0 8329 -29 70
g]kfnk~rf+uf lg0f{os ;ldlt 2074/75 1 3812 0 637 0 3000 175 3175 775 2958 0 0 3733 -558 79
nlntsnf k|1f k|lti7fg 2074/75 1 89339 2490 41232 0 50031 2655 52686 10930 39101 0 12501 62532 -9846 31386
;x/L ljsf; dGqfno 0 7648450 445568 1341628 704747 2085598 1325874 4116219 2501088 487807 128669 396616 3514180 602039 1943667
cGt/f+li6\o ;Dd]ng s]Gb| ljsf; ;ldlt 2074/75 1 0 0 0 0
l;_xb/af/ ;lrjfno k'gMlgdf+0f ;ldlt 2074/75 1 650217 33862 192 819 314223 13527 328569 298122 8685 7417 7424 321648 6921 7113
;_o'Qm /fi6\ ;_3 kfs+ ljsf; ;ldlt 2074/75 1 104392 2 1126 191 51103 1795 53089 42021 7425 1657 200 51303 1786 2912
blIf0fsfnL If]q ljsf; k|aGw ;ldlt 2074/75 1 34541 1801 8100 15799 0 1126 16925 524 10032 7056 4 17616 -691 7409
gu/ ljsf; ;ldltx? 2074/75 26 6859300 409903 1332210 687938 1720272 1309426 3717636 2160421 461665 112539 388988 3123613 594023 1926233
/IffdGqfno 0 1 471397 105880 199160 272237 0 0 272237 272237 0 0 0 272237 0 199160
g]kfnL ;}lgsljdfg ;]jf, Jofkfl/s
p8fg ljsf; ;ldlt 2074/75 1 471397 105880 199160 272237 0 0 272237 272237 0 0 0 272237 0 199160
jgtyfjftfj/0f dGqfno 1 393553 0 53497 298791 37800 3465 340056 158911 57957 33035 51589 301492 38564 92061
jg k}bfjf/ ljsf; ;ldlt 2074/75 1 393553 0 53497 298791 37800 3465 340056 158911 57957 33035 51589 301492 38564 92061
pBf]u afl0fHo tyfcfk"lt+ dGqfno 0 4 1764483 133347 997513 0 0 766980 766980 0 0 0 490608 490608 276372 1273885
g]kfn OG6/df]8n oftfoftljsf;
2074/75 1 1661235 129709 997194 0 0 664041 664041 0 0 0 388006 388006 276035 1273229
;ldlt[sf7df08f}_{
2074/75 1 53164 0 141 0 0 53023 53023 0 0 0 53079 53079 -56 85
;ldlt[emfkf{
;ldlt[k;f+{ 2074/75 1 35341 3000 0 0 0 35351 35351 0 0 0 35351 35351 0 0
g]kfnOGxfG; Sofkfl;6L km/ 6\]8 P08
2074/75 1 14743 638 178 0 0 14565 14565 0 0 0 14172 14172 393 571
8]enkd]06 k|f]h]S6
;~rf/ tyf ;"rgfk|ljlwdGqfno 0 1 752131 5559 262404 97254 356000 36472 489726 21310 60092 321610 158916 561928 -72202 190202
/]l8of] k|;f/ ;]jfljsf; ;ldlt 2074/75 1 752131 5559 262404 97254 356000 36472 489726 21310 60092 321610 158916 561928 -72202 190202
lzIff, lj1fg tyfk|ljlwdGqfno 0 5 3684667 184366 289596 276718 1285340 67951 1630009 928725 1086491 29203 10239 2054658 -424649 -135053
/fli6|o ljlw lj1fg k|of]uzfnf 2074/75 1 113149 0 23095 11184 46939 0 58123 21847 6208 18883 8088 55026 3097 26192
ljlksf]O/fnf d]df]l/on Knfg]6f]l/od
cJh/e]6/L / lj1fg ;_u|xfnoljsf; 2074/75 1 110497 815 0 0 39399 31265 70664 26665 9947 2788 433 39833 30831 30831
;ldlt
g]kfnOlGhlgo/LF k"jf+wf/ lgdf+0f ;ldlt 2074/75 1 19488 11394 0 0 11631 0 11631 5698 1901 258 0 7857 3774 3774
ljBfyL+ ljQLo ;xof]u sf]if ljsf;
2074/75 1 397150 10626 0 33 199130 0 199163 0 193921 2988 1078 197987 1176 1176
;ldlt
d]l8sn sn]h k"jf+wf/ ljsf; ;ldlt 2074/75 1 3044383 161531 266501 265501 988241 36686 1290428 874515 874514 4286 640 1753955 -463527 -197026
:jf:Yotyf hg;+VofdGqfno 0 112 13145951 338606 1162833 1888220 3322200 1644287 6854707 0 2753228 1601757 1936259 6291244 563463 1726296
df}Hbft
ly+sjif+
sfGtLjfn c:ktfn 2074/75 1 860,275 6,868 103,954 50,731 235,781 144,891 431403 - 48,978 220,739 159,155 428872 2531 106485
k/f]ksf/ tyf :qL /f]u c:ktfn 2074/75 1 1,467,093 27,659 341,881 257,633 401,790 104,024 763447 - 55,409 274,873 373,364 703646 59801 401682
z'qm/fh 6«lksn ;?jf /f]u c:ktfn 2074/75 1 387,613 4,962 32,364 - 123,961 70,625 194586 - 37,857 84,523 70,647 193027 1559 33923
cfo'{j]b lrlsT;fno g/b]jL 2074/75 1 162,108 390 10,165 7,074 68,039 6,152 81265 - 7,024 41,067 32,752 80843 422 10587
l;xb/jf/ j}Bvfgfljsf; ;ldlt 2074/75 1 205537 63968 141569 156537
269,505 2,530 14,968 61,566 33,423 110,548 - 41,629 21,564 775
zlxbwd{eQm /fli6\o k|Tof/f]k0f s]Gb| 2074/75 1 788,007 392940 395067 -2127 7296
45,061 9,423 65,883 219,672 107,385 - 123,907 102,304 168,856
dfgl;s c:ktfn nugv]n 2074/75 1 129,712 64248 65464 -1216 29900
9,660 31,116 25,177 39,071 - - 51,147 14,317 -
lhlksf]O/fnf /fli6«o :jf; k|Zjf;
2074/75 1 37246 38190 -944 496
pkrf/ s]Gb| tgx' 75,436 732 1,440 7,818 29,428 - - 36,707 1,483 -
/fli6«o cfo'{j]b cg';Gwfgtyftflnd s]Gb| 2074/75 1 6,285 - 3792 - 2493 1299 1570
271 - - 3,792 - 2,493 -
sL6hGo /f]u cg';Gwfgtyftflnd s]Gb|
2074/75 1 - 217 - 488 -271 669
x]6f}8f 705 940 - - 217 - 488 -
dWoklZrdfGrn If]qLocfo'{j]b
2074/75 1 38,163 19171 18992 179 386
lrlsT;fno bfª 189 207 1,080 18,091 - 3,931 15,061 -
z'lznsf]O/fnf k||v/ SofG;/ c:kQfn
2074/75 1 228,488 76829 151659 -74830 32650
g]kfnu+h 34,149 107,480 450 73,790 2,589 - 140,364 11,295 -
kz'kltxf]ldof]KoflyslrlsT;fno,
2074/75 1 18651 18534 117 795
k'Nrf]s, nlntk'/ 37,185 - 678 - 18,065 586 - 469 18,065
/fli6«o Ifo/f]u s]Gb| 2074/75 1 4,169 2402 1767 635 11942
- 11,307 2,402 - - 1,767 - -
If]qLo / pkIf]qLo c:ktfnx? 2074/75 4 2,328,895 61013 206649 320080 585351 299791 1205222 1123673 81549 288198
- 401,296 218,719 503,658
cGrn c:kQfnx? 2074/75 10 4,044,112 58898 131643 764341 1238505 180483 2183329 1860783 322546 454189
- 1,202,082 437,212 221,489
cGo c:kQfnx? 2074/75 50 76827 83888 243826 190838 432085 866749 0 421224 118805 285865 825894 40855 124743
1,692,643
c:kQfn ljsf; ;ldltx? 2074/75 34 625,557 9668 74459 80159 46395 181119 307673 0 176456 39795 101633 317884 -10211 64248
3 cGo ;_:yf 34 13873285 920731 34008128 178570 2588674 6968384 9735628 1741442 774392 71809 5927572 8515215 1220413 35228541
Joj:yflksf–;_;b ;lrjfno 1 27740 0 27740 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22907 22907 -22907 4833
;_;b ljsf; sf]if 2074/75 1 4833 0 4833 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4833
zflGtsf]if 2074/75 1 22907 0 22907 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22907 22907 -22907 0
k|wfgdGqLtyfdlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no 6 2414867 0 30670327 0 0 2414867 2414867 0 0 202 1001137 1001339 1413528 32083855
k|wfgdGqL b}jLk|sf]k p4f/ sf]if 2074/75 1 2409580 0 2173320 0 0 2409580 2409580 0 0 0 1000000 1000000 1409580 3582900
k|wfgdGqL ;xfotfsf]if 2074/75 1 0 0 2068 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2068
zflGtsf]if ;lrjfno / P-l8-lj- 2074/75 1 5154 0 9983 0 0 5154 5154 0 0 0 1137 1137 4017 14000
If]lqo b}jLk|sf]k p4f/ ;ldlt 2074/75 1 0 0 5793 0 0 0 0 0 0 202 0 202 -202 5591
k'glgdf+0f sf]if 2074/75 1 0 0 28287097 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28287097
w/x/f k'glg+df+0f sf]if 2074/75 1 133 0 83169 0 0 133 133 0 0 0 0 0 133 83302
k|wfgdGqL /fxtsf]if 2074/75 1 0 0 108897 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 108897
s=liftyf kz'kG5L ljsf; dGqfno 3 39179 574 10721 25596 0 2862 28458 7806 20871 93 0 28770 -312 10409
pi0f k|b]lzoafujfgL s]Gb| 2074/75 1 180 0 29 0 0 151 151 61 0 0 0 61 90 119
dT:oljsf; s]Gb| x]6f}8f 2074/75 1 2339 0 1123 0 0 1216 1216 1052 1052 164 1287
kz' ljsf; kmd+ kf]v/f [bf]xf]/f] dfu+{ 2074/75 1 36660 574 9569 25596 0 1495 27091 6693 20871 93 0 27657 -566 9003
sfg"g, Gofotyf ;_;bLodfldnfdGqfno 3 25055 0 28544 0 24500 555 25055 0 0 0 22008 22008 3047 31591
s]Gb|Losfg"g k':tsfnoljsf; ;ldlt 2074/75 1 4554 0 609 0 4500 54 4554 0 0 0 4506 4506 48 657
s]Gb|Losfg"gL ;xfotf ;ldlt 2074/75 1 20361 0 27435 0 20000 361 20361 0 0 0 17362 17362 2999 30434

df}Hbft
ly+sjif+
dfgjclwsf/ k'/:sf/ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt 2074/75 1 140 0 500 0 0 140 140 0 0 0 140 140 0 500
u=x dGqfno 1 521176 387591 263807 0 17400 239969 257369 0 0 0 424573 424573 -167204 96603
s]Gb|Lo b}jLk|sf]k p4f/ ;ldlt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
s]Gb|Loxh ;ldlt 2074/75 1 521176 387591 263807 0 17400 239969 257369 0 0 0 424573 424573 -167204 96603
lhNnf b}jLk|sf]k p4f/ ;ldlt 0 0 0 0
dlxnf, afnaflnsftyf h]i7 gful/s
dGqfno 0 2 31954 0 20656 0 0 11298 11298 0 0 0 8829 8829 2469 23125
j=4 sNof0f sf]if 2074/75 1 18671 0 16951 0 0 1720 1720 0 0 0 1138 1138 582 17533
cGt/b]zLowd+k'qwd+k'qLJoj:yfkglj-; 2074/75 1 13283 0 3705 0 0 9578 9578 0 0 0 7691 7691 1887 5592
/fli6\o :jf:yof]krf/ ;xfotfsf]if 0 0 0 0
/IffdGqfno 3 177828 0 16852 79449 0 82099 161548 70343 177 2886 80790 154196 7352 24204
:joDe' af?bvfgf 2074/75 1 19050 0 11531 7519 0 0 7519 0 0 0 0 0 7519 19050
jL/]Gb| c:ktfn, 5fpgL [d]lG6g]G;
km08{ 2074/75 1 0 0 572 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 572
a;'Gw/f SoflG6g 2074/75 1 158778 0 4749 71930 0 82099 154029 70343 177 2886 80790 154196 -167 4582
jgtyftyfjftfj/0f dGqfno 4 267461 28070 438847 0 254038 648838 902876 188757 47766 17515 568320 822358 80518 519365
/fi6\klt r'/] t/fO+ dw]z ;_/If0f ljsf;
;ldlt 2074/75 2 267461 28070 12413 0 254038 0 254038 188757 47766 17515 0 254038 0 12413
sfo+ ;~rfngsf]if 2074/75 2 0 0 426434 0 0 648838 648838 0 0 0 568320 568320 80518 506952
lzIff lj1fg tyfk|ljlwdGqfno 3 1358443 106565 16687 13552 700374 10494 724420 28220 568817 23018 13968 634023 90397 107084
o"g]:sf]sflgldQ g]kfn /fli6\o cfof]u 2074/75 1 56075 354 8257 0 22451 2124 24575 5230 14630 2591 9049 31500 -6925 1332
;Lkljsf; kl/of]hgf 2074/75 1 1144572 27989 0 0 577923 8370 586293 0 539790 13570 4919 558279 28014 28014
v''nfljZjljBfno 2074/75 1 157796 78222 8430 13552 100000 0 113552 22990 14397 6857 0 44244 69308 77738
;~rf/ tyf ;"rgfk|ljlwdGqfno 2 5635427 0 2149971 56014 0 3459093 3515107 0 0 0 3716687 3716687 -201580 1948391
s]]Gb|Lowgfb]z 2074/75 1 10741 0 31396 0 0 7003 7003 0 0 0 3736 3736 3267 34663
x'nfs art a}s 2074/75 1 5624686 0 2118575 56014 0 3452090 3508104 0 0 0 3712951 3712951 -204847 1913728
;_3Lo dfldnftyf ;fdfGodGqfno 2 298149 92378 172522 0 104075 41294 145369 8393 92466 19545 32376 152780 -7411 165111
sd+rf/L k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg 2074/75 1 127794 628 3322 0 63659 442 64101 0 63660 0 33 63693 408 3730
:yfgLoljsf; sf]ifsf] ;lrjfno 2074/75 1 170355 91750 169200 0 40416 40852 81268 8393 28806 19545 32343 89087 -7819 161381
;x/L ljsf; 3 3076006 305553 179607 3959 1488287 57015 1549261 1437923 44295 8550 35977 1526745 22516 202123
hUufljsf; rqmsf]if 2074/75 1 0 0 27809 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27809
clwsf/ ;DkGgjfudtL ;EotfPlss=t
2074/75 1 3076006 305553 151798 3959 1488287 57015 1549261 1437923 44295 8550 35977 1526745 22516 174314
ljsf; sf]if
/fli6\o of]hgfcfof]u 1 0 0 11847 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11847
gof g]kfn lgdf+0f sf]if 2074/75 1 0 0 11847 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11847
s'n hDdf 204 107940790 4120624 52780396 13361473 29105906 16198524 58665903 20507202 16650327 4054170 13395445 54607144 4058759 56839155

cg';"rL Y *
[k|ltj]bgsf] kl/R5]b # sf] bkmf $-* ;_u ;DalGwt{
;/sf/L lgsfosf] k]ZsLaf_sLljj/0f
[?- xhf/df{
sd+rf/L k]ZsL cGo k]ZsL
s|- utjif+;Dd of] jif+ hDdf
dGqfno/lgsfosf] gfd
;_ utjif+;Dd of] jif+
df]ljnfOh];g k|lttkq cGo df]ljnfOh];g k|lttkq cGo
1 /fi6\kltsf] sfof+no 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 3
2 pk–/fi6\kltsf] sfof+no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 100
3 Joj:yflksf ;_;b ;lrjfno 3366 3703 0 0 0 0 0 0 7069
4 ;jf]+Rrcbfnt 31945 10859 82295 0 8120 0 0 5304 138523
5 clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]u 205 0 19083 0 0 30662 0 0 49950
6 nf]s ;]jfcfof]u 146 0 3248 0 0 0 0 6511 9905
7 lgjf+rgcfof]u 4419 102 0 0 0 1159 0 0 5680
8 /fli6\o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 /fli6\o dlxnfcfof]u 0 1310 0 0 0 0 0 0 1310
10 dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof+no 0 40 0 0 0 20876 0 0 20916
11 k|wfgdGqLtyfdlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no 8596 0 1878 1562 3512 2337048 0 4369 2356965
12 cy+ 801 601 155865 270750 7353 17401 424334 109 877214
13 pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyfcfk"lt+ 2029 659 25269 0 84612 108529 0 1291 222389
14 pmhf+, hn;|f]t tyfl;FrfO+ 22014 2334 2748529 0 259365 2915255 0 403505 6351002
15 s=liftyf kz'kG5L ljsf; 54907 49128 114687 275662 24695 68678 0 0 587757
16 u=x 41854 1887 415450 421401 288985 267259 531881 261020 2229737
17 k//fi6\ 64256 21217 10864 219167 11350 0 0 26766 353620
19 ;_:s=lt, ko+6g tyfgful/s p88\og 4827 2205 74537 0 2559 96560 0 462 181150
20 e"ldJoj:yf, ;xsf/L tyful/jLlgjf/0f 11445 50 19744 0 169517 8495 0 7730 216981
21 ef}ltsk"jf+wf/ tyfoftfoft 37560 758 17535966 969830 5539824 12904444 0 3673755 40662137
22 dlxnf, afnaflnsftyf h]i7 gful/s 1577 221 27257 0 73747 2352 0 1906 107060
23 o'jftyf v]ns'b 12096 5211 0 0 19196 0 0 3300 39803
24 /Iff 19428 8420 0 2858669 2752033 0 6857817 4281051 16777418
25 jgtyfjftfj/0f 44265 8824 0 0 93364 32782 179235
26 zflGttyf k'glgdf+0f 2000 0 0 0 242063 0 0 244063
27 lzIff, lj1fg tyfk|ljlw 175258 98576 0 0 2043081 0 0 60355 2377270
[?- xhf/df{
sd+rf/L k]ZsL cGo k]ZsL
s|- utjif+;Dd of] jif+ hDdf
dGqfno/lgsfosf] gfd
;_ utjif+;Dd of] jif+
df]ljnfOh];g k|lttkq cGo df]ljnfOh];gk|lttkq cGo
28 >d, /f]huf/ tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff 2879 4011 11386 0 60301 0 0 29844 108421
29 ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgfk|ljlw 1135 358 37380 0 178 8860 0 0 47911
30 ;x/L lasf; 9832 510 3519995 129983 5050339 169268 8879927
31 vfg]kfgL 14149 1149 1388331 0 268861 1463660 404695 2303 3543148
32 ;_3Lo dfldnftyf ;fdfGok|zf;g 262671 27251 1478562 593812 10718828 1064453 13600 304400 14463577
33 :jf:Yotyf hg;_Vof 259498 17402 85775 680825 348124 3885 512773 390475 2298757
34 /fli6\o of]hgfcfof]usf] ;lrjfno 0 168 0 0 0 0 0 0 168
hDdf 1093158 266954 27756104 6291678 23149651 26369915 8745100 9666606 103339166

cg';"rL Y (
[k|ltj]bgsf] kl/R5]b @ sf]bkmf$-& ;_u ;DalGwt{
s'n c;'nL
cfly+sjif+ @)&$.&%
[?-xhf/df{
ljlgof]hg, /fh:j / w/f}6L

qm-;_- lgsfo/dGqfno n]- k- sf] k|f/lDesk|ltj]bg ;Dk/LIf0fsf] cGolgsfo s'nhDdf
hDdf
bf}/fgdf k7fPkl5 qmddf
1 /fi6«kltsf] sfof+no 22 - 178 200 - 200
2 Joj:yflksf ;_;b ;lrjfno 260 - 162 422 - 422
3 ;jf]+Rr cbfnt 634 498 3269 4401 - 4401
4 clVtfof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u 161 - - 161 - 161
5 lgjf+rg cfof]u 1644 49 5715 7408 7408
6 dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof+no 41 80 2397 2518 - 2518
7 k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no 3236 2584 243 6063 - 6063
8 cy+ 174177 16602 252791 443570 2025 445595
9 pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyfcfk"lt+ 953 6795 536 8284 8284
10 pmhf+, hn;|f]t tyf l;_rfO 1467 924972 22127 948566 - 948566
11 s=lif tyf kz'kG5L ljsf; 3021 4034 445397 452452 57 452509
12 u=x 2293 2501 12081 16875 - 16875
13 k//fi6\ 1668 1301 1262 4231 4231
14 ;_:s=lt, ko+6g tyf gful/s p88\og 38 66 - 104 4375 4479
15 e"ldJoj:yf, ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f 3060 296 72489 75845 - 75845
16 ef}lts k"jf+wf/ tyf oftfoft 126719 60074 1474398 1661191 1196 1662387
17 dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf h]i7 gful/s 160 - - 160 - 160
18 o'jf tyf v]ns'b 19 33 5027 5079 32564 37643
19 /Iff 764 689 1453 10027 11480
20 jg tyf jftfj/0f 231449 41877 38096 311422 311422
21 lzIff, lj1fg tyfk|ljlw 5565 3280 47328 56173 10862 67035
22 >d, /f]huf/ tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff 51 0 38 89 - 89
23 ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgfk|ljlw 205 - 707411 707616 250 707866
24 ;x/L ljsf; 629 145244 483204 629077 5950 635027
25 vfg]kfgL 1344 152 0 1496 - 1496
26 ;_3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g 2973 11117 144915 159005 - 159005
27 :jf:Yo tyf hg;_Vof 2666 941 3234348 3237955 37099 3275054
28 /fli6\o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno 472 1850 2322 - 2322
hDdf 565669 1223185 955084 743938 104405 8848343
29 :yfgLo tx 606207 245822 - 852029 - 852029
;_3 / :yfgLotx ;d]tsf] s'nhDdf 1171876 1469007 6955084 9595967 104405 9700372

cg';"rL Y !)
[k|ltj]bgsf] kl/R5]b # bkmf @ ;_u ;DalGwt{
c;'n x'g af_sL /fh:j [aSof}tf{
cfly+s jif+ @)&$/&%
[?- xhf/df{
ut jif+sf]
qm-;_- lgsfo/dGqfno ut jif+ ;Ddsf] o; jif+ ;Ddsf] j=l4 k|ltzt
t'ngfdf j=l4
1 ;jf]+Rr cbfnt 14631912 11678080 -2953832 -20.19
2 cy+ 144638948 239583277 94944329 65.64
3 s=lif tyf kz'kG5L ljsf; 644 -644 -100.00
4 u=x 3220 -3220 -100.00
5 pmhf+, hn;|f]t tyf l;_rfO+ 1588728 55968 -1532760 -96.48
6 e"ld Joj:yf, ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f 26476 13092 -13384 -50.55
7 ;_:s=lt, ko+6g tyf gful/s p8\8og 0 437500 437,500
8 jg tyf jftfj/0f 271587 362169 90582 33.35
hDdf 161161515 252130086 90968571 56.45

cg';"rL Y !!
[k|ltj]bgsf] kl/R5]b # bkmf $ ;_u ;DalGwt{
ah]6df ;dfj]z gePsf] j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf] ljj/0f

cfly+s jif+ @)&$.&%
[?- xhf/df{
k|fljlws s"n
qm- ;xfotf ljj/0f cg';f/ ljljw ;xfotf ;Demf}tf jflif+s k|fKt
lgsfo/dGqfno
;_- ;Demf}tf jflif+s k|fKt ;Demf}tf ;Demf}tf ;_Vof x'g'kg]+
;_Vof x'g'kg]+ ;_Vof /sd
1 ;jf]{Rr cbfnt 2 126,101 2 126,101
2 lgjf{rg cfof]u 1 541,564 1 541,564
3 /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u 1 816,744 1 816,744
4 g]kfn dlxnf cfof]u 1 43,976 1 43,976
k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifbsf] sfof{no
5 -/fli6«o k'glgdf{0f k|flws/0f ;d]t_ 3 1,014,966 3 1,014,966
6 cy{ dGqfno 11 5,590,339 11 5,590,339
7 pBf]u dGqfno 1 858,961 1 858,961
pmhf{, hn;|f]t tyf l;FrfO dGqfno -hn
8 tyf pmhf{ cfof]u ;d]t_ 10 545,742 10 545,742
9 s[lif ljsf; dGqfno 5 620,062 5 620,062
10 u[x dGqfno 7 400,182 7 400,182
11 jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno 5 157,984 5 157,984
12 jfl0fHo 3 609,837 3 609,837
13 hg;+Vof tyf jftfj/0f, dGqfno 10 1,254,086 10 1,254,086
14 ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfno 2 230,874 1 4,337,200 3 4,568,074
15 vfg]kfgL dGqfno 1 82,015 1 82,015
dlxnf, afnaflnsftyf ;dfhsNof0f
16 dGqfno 10 197,672 10 197,672
17 o'jf tyf v]ns'b dGqfno 2 13,633 2 13,633
18 ;x/L ljsf; dGqfno 2 220,869 2 220,869
19 zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqfno 1 38,479 1 38,479
20 lzIff lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno 18 2,304,452 18 2,304,452
21 ;+rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfno 1 30,453 1 30,453
;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g
22 dGqfno 16 3,876,265 16 3,876,265
23 :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno 23 5,216,543 23 5,216,543
24 >d, /f]huf/ tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff dGqfno 3 197,892 3 197,892
25 /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u 2 33,862 2 33,862
hDdfM 141 25,023,553 1 4,337,200 142 29,360,753
;|f]tM cy+ dGqfno

cg';"rL Y !!
[k|ltj]bgsf] kl/R5]b # bkmf $ ;_u ;DalGwt{
ah]6df ;dfj]z gePsf] j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf] ljj/0f

cfly+s jif+ @)&$.&%
[?- xhf/df{
k|fljlws s"n
qm- lgsfo/dGqfno ;xfotf ljj/0f cg';f/ ljljw ;xfotf ;Demf}tf jflif+s k|fKt
;_- ;Demf}tf jflif+s k|fKt ;Demf}tf ;Demf}tf ;_Vof x'g'kg]+
;_Vof x'g'kg]+ ;_Vof /sd
1 ;jf]{Rr cbfnt 2 126,101 2 126,101
2 lgjf{rg cfof]u 1 541,564 1 541,564
3 /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u 1 816,744 1 816,744
4 g]kfn dlxnf cfof]u 1 43,976 1 43,976
k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no
5 -/fli6\o k'glgdf{0f k|flws/0f ;d]t_ 3 1,014,966 3 1,014,966
6 cy{ dGqfno 11 5,590,339 11 5,590,339
7 pBf]u dGqfno 1 858,961 1 858,961
phf{, hn;|f]t tyf l;FrfO dGqfno -hn
8 tyf pmhf{ cfof]u ;d]t_ 10 545,742 10 545,742
9 s[lif ljsf; dGqfno 5 620,062 5 620,062
10 u[x dGqfno 7 400,182 7 400,182
11 jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno 5 157,984 5 157,984
12 jfl0fHo 3 609,837 3 609,837
13 hg;+Vof tyf jftfj/0f, dGqfno 10 1,254,086 10 1,254,086
14 ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfno 2 230,874 1 4,337,200 3 4,568,074
15 vfg]kfgL dGqfno 1 82,015 1 82,015
dlxnf, afnaflnsftyf ;dfhsNof0f
16 dGqfno 10 197,672 10 197,672
17 o'jf tyf v]ns'b dGqfno 2 13,633 2 13,633
18 ;x/L ljsf; dGqfno 2 220,869 2 220,869
19 zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqfno 1 38,479 1 38,479
20 lzIff lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno 18 2,304,452 18 2,304,452
21 ;+rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfno 1 30,453 1 30,453
;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g
22 dGqfno 16 3,876,265 16 3,876,265
23 :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno 23 5,216,543 23 5,216,543
24 >d, /f]huf/ tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff dGqfno 3 197,892 3 197,892
25 /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u 2 33,862 2 33,862
hDdfM 141 25,023,553 1 4,337,200 142 29,360,753
;|f]tM cy{ dGqfno

cg';"rL Y !@
[k|ltj]bgsf] kl/R5]b # bkmf # ;_u ;DalGwt{
clu|d s/ stL gu/]sf] ;dli6ut l:ylt

[?- xhf/df{
c;'n ug'+kg]+ c;'nL
c;'n ug+
qm-;_- dGqfno/lgsfosf] gfd sfof+no sfof+no
/sd /sd af_sL /sd
;_Vof ;_Vof
2 ;jf]+Rr cbfnt 11 855 0 0 855
3 lgjf{rg cfof]u 105 2648 0 0 2648
4 dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof+no 8 539 0 0 539
5 Gofokl/ifb\ 1 2 0 0 2
6 k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no 9 2657 0 0 2657
7 cy+ 2 26721 0 0 26721
8 pBf]u,jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt+ 8 273 0 0 273
9 pmhf+, hn;|f]t tyf l;FrfO 26 1952 4 29 1923
10 sfg"g Gofo tyf ;_;bLo dfldnf 1 134 0 0 134
11 s=lif tyf kz'kG5L ljsf; 58 1644 8 86 1558
12 u=x 13 1311 1311
13 k//fi6\ 34 3682 7 87 3595
14 ;_:s=lt, ko+6g tyf gful/s p88\og 2 9 0 0 9
15 e"ld Joj:yf, ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f 6 318 2 19 299
16 ef}lts k'jf+wf/ tyf oftfoft 6 18922 0 0 18922
17 dlxnf jfnaflnsf tyf h]i7 gful/s 8 9859 0 0 9859
18 jg tyf aftfj/0f 23 6763 0 0 6763
19 lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw 40 1830 4 36 1794
20 >d, /f]huf/ tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff 2 52 0 0 52
21 ;F\3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g 45 3832 0 0 3832
22 :jf:Yo tyf hg;_Vof 85 9807 7 129 9678
23 o'jf tyf v]ns'b 3 776 0 0 776
24 ;x/L ljsf; 10 1787 2 1060 727
25 vfg]kfgL 23 7393 3 26 7367
hDdf 530 103769 37 1472 102297
26 ;_ul7t ;_:yf 88 25010 0 0 25010
27 ;ldlt tyf cGo 13 467 0 0 467
hDdf 101 25477 0 0 25477
s'n hDdf 631 129246 37 1472 127774

cg';"rL Y !#
[k|ltj]bgsf] kl/R5]b ! bkmf !% ;_u ;DalGwt{
/fh:jsf] lzif+sut cfDbfgLsf] ljj/0f

cfly+s jif+ @)&$.&%
? xhf/df
;_s]t ;_Vof zLif+s/pkYzLif+s cg'dfg oyfy+ c;'nL
11000 कर 698119259 659491501
11100 आय मन
ु ाफा तथा पूंजीगत लाभमा लाग्ने कर 170215234 154790032
11110 एकलौटी फमम तथा व्यक्ततगत आयमा लाग्ने कर 43338248 41406871
11111 एकलौटी फर्म तथा व्यक्ततगत आयर्ा लाग्ने कर 17120995 16172643
11112 पाररश्रमर्क कर 21291901 17972915
11113 पूंजीगत लाभ कर 4925352 7261313
11120 ननकायको आयमा लाग्ने कर 103056708 87596848
11121 ननकायको र्ुनाफार्ा लाग्ने कर-सरकारी सूंस्थान 9248400 4632810
11122 ननकायको र्ुनाफार्ा लाग्ने कर-पक्ललक मल. कम्पनी 41779578 36991959
11123 ननकायको र्ुनाफार्ा लाग्ने कर- प्राइभेट मलमर्टे ड कम्पनी 43451791 37137869
11124 ननकायको र्ुनाफार्ा लाग्ने कर-अन्य सूंस्था 8519224 7842261
11125 पूंजीगत लाभ कर - ननकाय 57715 991949
11130 लगानीको आय तथा अन्य आयर्ा लाग्ने कर 23820278 25786313
11131 सम्पत्ति बहाल तथा पट्टा वापतको आयर्ा लाग्ने कर 5171086 4537978
11132 व्याजर्ा लाग्ने कर 13202052 14984221
11133 लाभाूंशर्ा लाग्ने कर 4224545 4865952
11134 लगानी सम्बन्धी अन्य आयर्ा लाग्ने कर 27133 92352
11135 आकक्स्र्क लाभ कर 157899 161454
11136 अन्य आयर्ा लाग्ने कर 1037563 1144356
11200 पाररश्रममकमा आधाररत कर 5519539 5097752
11210 पाररश्रममकमा आधाररत सामाक्जक सुरक्षा कर 5519539 5097752
11211 पाररश्रमर्कर्ा आधाररत सार्ाक्जक सुरक्षा कर 5519539 5097752
11300 सम्पत्ति कर 19404736 19332331
11310 अचल सम्पक्ततमा लाग्ने कर 53323 10315
11311 वात्तषक
म सम्पत्ति कर 53323 10315
11340 विततीय र पूंजीगत कारोबारमा लाग्ने कर 19351413 19322016
11341 घर जग्गा रक्जष्ट्रे शनर्ा लाग्ने कर 19351413 19322016
11400 िस्तु तथा सेिामा आधाररत कर 364215718 348049437
11410 मल्य अमभिवृ ि कर ( म .अ .क. ) 226996298 206809750
11411 र्. अ. क. -उत्पादन 24923579 26089389
11412 र्. अ. क. -आयात 149371302 130640756
11413 र्. अ. क. -बस्तु बबक्री र त्तवतरण 18137984 18730905
11414 र्. अ. क. -परार्शम तथा ठे तका 13599275 13934933
11415 र्. अ. क. -पयमटन सेवा 3309369 2154880
11416 र्. अ. क. -सूंचार सेवा त्तवर्ा हवाई उडान र अन्य सेवा 13697684 11273937
11417 र्. अ. क. -बेदतामवालाले सूंकलन गने 3957105 3984950
11420 अन्त: शुल्क 106032363 102579201
11421 सुनतमजन्य पदाथम 14378784 14041248
11422 र्ददरा 21952432 22994920
11423 बबयर 12909438 15622469
11424 अन्य औद्योगगक उत्पादन 8673078 7848778

11425 अन्त: शुल्क आयात 48118631 42071786
11440 विशेष सेिामा लाग्ने कर 2379878 2064583
11441 वैदेमशक रोजगार सेवा कर 2443 2524
11442 स्वास्थ सेवा कर 1335271 1149658
11443 मशक्षा सेवा शुल्क- शैक्षक्षक सूंस्था 687828 531642
11444 मशक्षा सेवा शुल्क- वैदेमशक अध्ययन 354336 380759
11450 पि
ु ामधार सेिाको उपयोग तथा सिारी साधनमा लाग्ने कर 28807179 36595903
11451 सवारी साधन कर 10391859 10670636
11452 पुवामधार सेवाको उपयोगर्ा लाग्ने कर 1465542 1785896
11453 सडक र्र्मत तथा सुधार दस्तुर 2202753 3818714
11454 सडक ननर्ामण तथा सूंभार दस्तुर 4602626 9402141
11455 पवामधार कर 10144399 10918516
11500 िैदेमशक व्यापारमा आधाररत कर 134194798 126865356
11510 आयातमा लाग्ने भूंसार महसुल 126607500 121614843
11511 भूंसार र्हसुल - आयात 126605058 121608984
11512 भारतीय अन्तशुल्क फफताम 814 4833
11513 आयातर्ा लाग्ने स्थानीय त्तवकास शुल्क 1628 1026
11520 भूंसार महसुल -ननयामत 1363480 102365
11521 भूंसार र्हसुल -ननयामत 1352140 98748
11522 ननयामत सेवा शुल्क 11340 3618
11560 िैदेमशक व्यापारमा आधाररत अन्य कर 6223818 5148149
11561 कृत्तष सुधार शुल्क 5383503 4735019
11562 भूंसार सम्बन्धी अन्य आय 840315 413129
11600 अन्य कर 4569234 5356593
11610 व्यिसायले भत
ु तानी गने 2353009 1605127
11611 कम्पनी रक्जष्ट्रे शन दस्तुर 2263448 1567678
11612 एजेन्सी रक्जष्ट्रे शन दस्तुर 89561 37449
11620 व्यिसाय बाहे क अन्यले भुततानी गने 2216225 3751466
सवारी चालक अनुर्नत पत्रको इजाजतपत्र दस्तरसवारीको दताम फकताब(लल बुक)
11621 दस्तर
2198313 3745543
11622 हातहनतयारको इजाजतपत्र दस्तर 17912 5924

14000 अन्य राजस्ि 64805512 67226099
14100 सम्पक्ततबाट प्राप्त आय 29141879 33046542
14110 व्याज 10676052 11742447
14111 त्तविीय ननकायबाट प्राप्त लयाज 296473 150537
14112 व्यापाररक ननकायबाट प्राप्त लयाज 2379 157893
14113 औद्यौगगक ननकायबाट प्राप्त लयाज 1099 431
14114 सेवार्ुलक ननकायबाट प्राप्त लयाज 1259921 3211755
14115 अन्य ननकायबाट प्राप्त लयाज 28970 17162
14121 त्तविीय ननकायबाट प्राप्त लाभाूंश 9087210 8204670
14120 लाभाूंश 8635274 9224980
14122 व्यापाररक ननकायबाट प्राप्त लाभाूंश 1580 616
14123 औद्यौगगक ननकायबाट प्राप्त लाभाूंश 40324 32920
14124 सेवार्ुलक ननकायबाट प्राप्त लाभाूंश 8585631 9191308
14125 अन्य ननकायबाट प्राप्त लाभाूंश 7739 136
14150 भाडा र रोयल्टी 9830553 12079115
14151 सरकारी सम्पिीको वहालबाट प्राप्त आय 495890 742002
14152 तयामसनोबाट प्राप्त रोयल्टी 200686 406893
14153 खानी रोयल्टी 92838 1137802
14154 जलस्रोत क्षेत्रको आय तथा रोयल्टी 1376903 3331889
14155 वन तथा वन पैदावार बबक्री वापत प्राप्त आय तथा वन रोयल्टी 1687877 1969172
14156 अन्य रोयल्टी 5976359 4491357
14200 िस्तु तथा सेिा विक्रिबाट प्राप्त रकम 17611673 17174586
14210 िस्तु तथा विक्रिबाट प्राप्त रकम 9889841 9007015
14211 कृत्तष उत्पादनको त्तवक्रीबाट प्राप्त रकर् 172905 170947
14212 सरकारी सम्पतीको त्तवक्रीबाट प्राप्त रकर् 237416 724396
14213 अन्य त्तवक्रीबाट प्राप्त रकर् 148640 188779
14214 दर सूंचार सेवा शुल्क 7724759 6447294
14215 टे मलफोन स्वामर्त्वको शुल्क 1602612 1472614
14216 ननजी धारा वापतको शुल्क 981 713
14217 नहर तथा कुलो उपयोग वापतको शुल्क 1568 2160
14218 त्तवद्युत सेवा शुल्क 960 112
14220 प्रशासननक सेिा शुल्क 7721832 8167571
14221 न्यानयक दस्तर 771458 1037188
14222 हुलाक सेवा शुल्क 438952 341803
14223 मशक्षा क्षेत्रको आम्दानी 701469 594896
14224 परीक्षा शुल्क 492095 593132
14225 यातायात क्षेत्रको आम्दानी 319635 806230
14226 आयात ननयामत इजाजत पत्र दस्तर 104898 129940
14227 अन्य प्रशासननक सेवा शुल्क 4893325 4664383
14300 दण्ड जररिाना र जफत 694601 973379
14310 दण्डजररिाना र जफत 694601 973379
14311 न्यानयक दण्डजररवाना र जफत 156466 152599
14312 प्रशासननक दण्डजररवाना र जफत 538135 820780
14400 अनुदान बाहे क स्िेक्छिक हस्तान्तरण 1841 1189
14410 अनुदान बाहे क स्िेक्छिक हस्तान्तरण 1841 1189
14411 चालु हस्तान्तरण 932 910
14412 पूंजीगत हस्तान्तरण 909 279
14500 त्तवत्तवध राजस्व 17355518 16030402
14510 प्रशासननक शुल्क - भ्रर्ण तथा पयमटन 15814986 7700021
14511 राहदानी शुल्क 11641630 4167464
14512 मभसा शुल्क 3184576 2674955
14513 पवमतारोहण र पदयात्रा स्वीकृनत शुल्क 980550 853767
14514 अन्य पयमटकहरुलाई लाग्ने शुल्क 8230 3835
14520 अन्य राजस्ि 1532811 8326849
14521 प्रदष
ु ण ननयन्त्रण शुल्क 1157350 1259726
14522 अन्य राजस्व 375461 7067122
14530 पूंजीगत राजस्ि 7721 3532
14531 सरकारी घरजग्गागुडवील त्तवक्रीबाट प्राप्त रकर् 7721 3532
s'n hDdf 762924771 726717600
b|i6Jo plNnlvt a]?h"df ut jif{sf] gub df}Hbft bflvnf / a]?h" /sd ;dfj]z 5}g .

cg';"rL Y !$
[k|ltj]bgsf] kl/R5]b ! sf] bkmf @,#,/$ ;_u ;DalGwt{
k|b]z, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt / :yfgLo txsf] sf/f]af/sf]
n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg ljj/0f
[?-xhf/df{
cfotkm+ Jootkm+
n]vfk/LIf0f n]vfk/LIf0f ut jif++sf] w/f}6L rfn'

s|-;_ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt a]?h" /sd ;/sf/L cg'bfg cfGtl/s
lgsfo ;_Vof /sd lhDd]jf/L [w/f}6L cGo jif+sf] hDdf ah]6 vr+ w/f}6L cGo df}Hbft hDdf
;|f]t
;d]t{
1 tfKn]h'F 1 530438 707 4729 231536 0 62637 0 298902 236265 0 0 62637 298902
2 kf+ry/ 1 121378 6 26063 19268 0 44485 0 89816 56382 1243 0 32191 89816
3 Onfd 1 153499 10 63260 18346 0 40492 0 122098 18346 0 76315 27437 122098
4 emfkf 1 625925 481 57283 34905 0 396706 0 488894 34905 0 159409 294580 488894
5 ;+v'jf;ef 1 247911 1268 61546 13023 30000 90917 38 195524 113932 0 1 81591 195524
6 t]x|y'd 1 64464 839 30513 19661 0 15059 0 65233 19661 0 10083 35489 65233
7 ef]hk'/ 1 876016 414 11654 30538 0 421073 0 463265 30538 0 393867 38860 463265
8 wgs'6f 1 465007 0 46901 18736 84313 44758 84313 279021 18736 0 214151 46134 279021
9 ;'g;/L 1 255090 14582 30026 180367 0 501 0 210894 67138 7084 0 136672 210894
10 df]/u 1 682107 239 236749 38478 0 446488 0 721715 38478 0 158663 524574 721715
11 ;f]n'v'Da' 1 1233215 0 240301 603885 0 0 8696 852882 615452 5182 0 232248 852882
12 vf]6fF 1 908821 1572 42653 442045 0 14013 0 498711 442045 0 10718 45948 498711
13 pbok'/ 1 185878 5836 29103 28707 0 86253 3678 147741 28707 6506 32027 80501 147741
14 cf]vn9'+uf 1 6398832 487 34229 3187032 5614 15693 311 3242879 3184674 79 5429 52697 3242879
15 ;Kt/L 1 155407 10600 42062 45627 0 40269 481 128439 45627 6030 17373 59409 128439
16 l;/fxf 1 172944 7 59129 59819 0 11367 26867 157182 59819 5588 9484 82291 157182
17 wg'iff 1 265673 5706 101352 37264 0 56773 21325 216714 37264 3413 109634 66403 216714
18 dxf]Q/L 1 217787 5656 64956 41032 3037 96997 5182 211204 66045 5494 0 139665 211204
19 ;nf++xL 1 260032 827 22177 45015 0 80030 777 147999 45015 3528 85667 13789 147999
20 l;Gw'nL 1 8854398 2417 26107 4392356 21585 21085 1422 4462555 4415871 750 1329 44605 4462555
21 /fd]5fk 1 13300757 10 40612 6610737 11965 31454 37 6694805 6610737 3014 32813 48241 6694805
22 bf]nvf 1 19315607 348 44329 9634489 19313 8624 897 9707652 9634403 2509 15372 55368 9707652
23 l;Gw'kfNrf]s 1 25701877 7 227354 12672041 93 343171 0 13242659 12674804 6041 5727 556087 13242659
24 /;'jf 1 3900275 25 15813 1937267 3269 11456 311 1968116 1937267 640 10065 20144 1968116
25 wflbF 1 21706572 88552 163182 10670966 59202 206942 1995 11102287 10670966 5486 91015 334820 11102287
26 g'jfsf]6 1 366715 15 104117 38471 0 189992 530 333110 38471 2033 97218 195388 333110
27 sf7df08f} 1 5639015 7323 579332 734566 52361 2223498 23196 3612953 2275759 16386 313249 1007559 3612953
28 nlntk'/ 1 3258091 214 294677 1553485 0 123583 0 1971745 1553485 0 27538 390722 1971745
29 eQmk'/ 1 2740137 660 228397 1327664 915 72808 525 1630309 1327664 928 9633 292084 1630309
30 sfe|]knfGrf]s 1 497427 0 82169 46811 6869 369296 3494 508639 46811 3144 21002 437682 508639
31 dsjfgk'/ 1 6518821 23415 55756 3124928 5247 221792 3363 3411086 3124928 12188 26375 247595 3411086
32 /f}tx6 1 185831 4588 64816 48897 0 37589 15453 166755 48897 34995 0 82863 166755
33 jf/f 1 350700 278 28170 44833 0 107435 67148 247586 44833 23189 63262 116302 247586
34 k;f{ 1 470475 402 96676 39042 150126 58458 5311 349613 39042 5735 172761 132075 349613
35 lrtjg 1 1843150 695 153968 651076 77518 271993 52337 1206892 651076 48360 90790 416666 1206892
36 gjnk/f;L 1 360380 820 170920 128328 16879 61051 96 377274 128328 6551 19147 223248 377274
37 gjnk'/ 1 25124 16965 0 12562 0 0 0 12562 12562 0 0 0 12562

cfotkm+ Jootkm+

;|f]t
;d]t{
38 ?kGb]xL 1 531816 16965 405393 51545 145541 226773 0 829252 51545 0 56412 721295 829252
39 slkna:t' 1 327258 129 305836 35555 10522 203470 6963 562346 35555 13942 21251 491598 562346
40 c3f{vf{rL 1 471983 152 45668 99585 110810 36525 6131 298719 99584 6131 113217 79787 298719
41 kfNkf 1 793957 450 81642 344078 14260 64351 2245 506576 344078 3114 21831 137553 506576
42 u'NdL 1 797994 707 7035 370688 12497 12825 865 403910 370688 3075 27356 2791 403910
43 :ofF\hf 1 1163806 1465 30350 530322 39664 43381 7335 651052 537859 4090 1155 107948 651052
44 tgx'F 1 2218568 870 76710 965379 34206 139570 17251 1233116 965379 20883 75900 170954 1233116
45 uf]/vf 1 552754 2989 204092 0 201934 73097 1078 480201 0 256 276389 203556 480201
46 dgfF 1 42501 0 30810 16700 0 2932 1642 52084 16700 0 4527 30857 52084
47 ndh'F 1 2284652 79 66961 1109745 40951 0 0 1217657 1109745 0 24211 83701 1217657
48 sf:sL 1 714510 377 394690 314635 0 0 3141 712466 314635 20835 61264 315732 712466
49 kj{t 1 520983 26 0 215616 54424 25982 245 296267 215616 2986 6114 71551 296267
50 afUn'F 1 363589 1710 31037 162214 17480 2319 0 213050 162214 0 19362 31474 213050
51 DofUbL 1 61951 1666 54519 14301 13578 10044 4643 97085 14301 1319 3765 77700 97085
52 d':tfF 1 73753 2319 34412 24119 12889 0 1758 73178 24119 3386 7482 38191 73178
53 d'u' 1 56334 960 253 24322 3808 0 0 28383 24322 73 3809 179 28383
54 8f]Nkf 1 156337 2066 6017 73257 0 3718 1777 84769 73257 443 3885 7184 84769
55 x'Dnf 1 475368 269 57840 221758 0 17786 0 297384 235824 0 0 61560 297384
56 h'Dnf 1 114551 425 8518 38583 0 23797 239 71137 38583 13221 128 19205 71137
57 sflnsf]6 1 384774 8476 62957 32595 64656 66537 36094 262839 124969 44575 15348 77947 262839
58 ?s'd 1 29448 217 0 14055 669 0 0 14724 14055 0 669 0 14724
59 /f]Nkf 1 109213 745 57897 36032 2317 20894 1803 118943 46257 975 935 70776 118943
60 Ko"7fg 1 164527 205 84167 3398 30173 51926 406 170070 33977 8633 36014 91446 170070
61 bfu 1 602641 396 105370 22929 39960 193478 8762 370499 22929 9213 305370 32987 370499
62 ;Nofg 1 113745 17 23313 30820 99 24667 8063 86962 36925 2015 11156 36866 86962
63 af+s] 1 297134 1001 349802 23998 13750 163263 23857 574670 28928 1722 41616 502404 574670
64 alb+of 1 139545 35 45874 22875 12304 56172 15341 152566 22875 2722 7256 119713 152566
65 ;'v]{t 1 214061 0 35910 23756 53880 34376 6463 154385 45555 9175 40856 58799 154385
66 hfh/sf]6 1 249133 393 25545 109895 12342 3575 1543 152900 91061 0 30717 31122 152900
67 b}n]v 1 188797 263 25536 53067 38326 14926 2954 134809 53067 2668 23789 55285 134809
68 s}nfnL 1 302517 51893 94431 41241 6201 184196 6201 332270 41248 3232 20198 267592 332270
69 8f]6L 1 189994 159 29608 46629 38876 9358 144 124615 46629 629 47729 29628 124615
70 c5fd 1 87329 0 26029 35712 3457 3609 670 69477 35712 2307 5862 25596 69477
71 afh'/f 1 202437 114 40344 91624 942 1105 2724 136739 91624 11103 3315 30697 136739
72 aemfF 1 95327 0 41076 34845 9448 149 265 85783 34845 463 15312 35163 85783
73 bfr'{nf 1 112260 18 23370 34359 20828 1701 772 81030 34359 4459 15782 26430 81030
74 a}t8L 1 87954 312 12201 36313 2470 5376 246 56606 36313 349 6887 13057 56606
75 88]nw'/f 1 59291 3 8869 27148 956 2093 0 39066 27148 1192 754 9972 39066
76 s~rgk'/ 1 243510 60 50277 31782 3187 127341 8498 221085 31782 22276 18644 148383 221085
hDdf 76 144452078 293902 6565440 64129278 1615711 8176050 507902 80994381 65929195 437558 3656384 10971244 80994381
k|b]z
1 k|b]z g_ ! 10 656895 22342 1020500 1020500 656896 363604 1020500
2 k|b]z g_ @ 10 694395 164609 1022500 48700 1071200 820965 250235 1071200
3 k|b]z g_ # 9 274629 972 1020500 0 1020500 279428 741072 1020500
cfotkm+ Jootkm+

;|f]t
;d]t{
4 u08sL 10 296377 540 1020500 0 1020500 295432 725068 1020500

5 k|b]z g_ % 9 203540 508 1020500 9118 1029618 203540 826078 1029618
6 s0ff+nL 10 237767 177 1020500 0 1020500 237767 782733 1020500
7 ;'b'/klZrd 10 261905 5959 1020500 0 1020500 261905 758595 1020500
k|b]z hDdf 68 2625508 195107 0 7145500 57818 0 0 7203318 2755933 0 0 4447385 7203318
:yfgLo tx
1 k|b]z ! df kg+] txx? 137 106972812 2095159 47559189 8291553 0 0 57945901 42819340 0 8302730 6823831 57945901
2 k|b]z @ df kg]+ Tfxx? 131 91942397 2068143 44771884 5989160 0 0 52829187 36741284 0 4440069 11647834 52829187
3 k|b]z # df kg]+ txx? 119 102588405 3848246 43143097 8609372 0 0 55600715 40599729 0 6039823 8961163 55600715
u08sL k|b]z df kg]+
4 85 65761160 1360508 30528849 3579562 0 0 35468919 30494074 0 1158675 3816170 35468919
txx?
5 k|b]z % df kg]+ txx? 109 93121989 2009950 40382475 7843111 0 0 50235536 39647687 0 4492263 6095586 50235536
s0ff+nL k|b]zdf kg]+
6 79 48413902 627574 24109884 1217806 0 0 25955264 20750302 0 2335910 2869052 25955264
txx?
;'b'/klZrd k|b]zdf kg]+
7 87 62712872 1138096 29904078 2766389 0 0 33808563 28154904 0 1887501 3766158 33808563
txx?
:yflgo tx hDdf 747 571513537 0 13147676 260399456 38296953 0 0 311844085 239207320 0 28656971 43979794 311844085
s'n hDdf 891 718591123 489009 19713116 331674234 39970482 8176050 507902 400041784 307892448 437558 32313355 59398423 400041784

cg';'rL !%
[k|ltj]bgsf] kl/R5]b @ sf] bkmf !,$-! / $-# ;_u ;DalGwt{
;_3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] of] jif+sf] a]?h" juL+s/0f
ljlgof]hg, /fh:j , w/f}6L / cGo sf/f]jf/
cfly+s jif+ @)&$/&%
[? xhf/df{
a]?h"
k|f/lDes a]?h" k|ltlqmofaf6 km5of}6 af_sL a]?h"
lgoldt ug+'kg]+ k]ZsL
qm; bkmf ;_Vof bkmf ;_Vof bkmf ;_Vof /fh:j
dGqfno/ lgsfosf] gfd k|df0fsf
c;'n ug'+kg+] nut ;f]wegf+ sd+rf/L
/sd /sd /sd clgoldt ePsf] sfuhft k]z hDdf cGo k]ZsL hDdf
;}4flGts nult ;}4flGts nult ;}4flGts nult lhDd]jf/L glnPsf] k]ZsL
gePsf]
g;f/]sf]
;_3
1 /fi6\kltsf] sfof+no 4 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 pk/fi6\kltsf] sfof+no 0 1 100 0 0 0 0 1 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 100
Joj:yflksf ;_;b
3 ;lrjfno 9 6 74090 0 0 0 9 6 74090 40083 30304 0 0 0 30304 3703 0 3703
4 ;jf]+Rr cbfnt 358 137 60318 1 15 7262 357 122 53056 5648 14595 16650 0 0 31245 10859 5304 16163
clVtof/ b'|?kof]u
5 cg';Gwfg cfof]u 11 3 33062 0 0 2400 11 3 30662 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30662 30662
dxfn]vfk/LIfssf]
6 sfof+no 6 0 0 4 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 nf]s ;]jf cfof]u 19 3 6786 0 0 0 19 3 6786 0 0 275 0 0 275 0 6511 6511
8 lgjf+rg cfof]u 427 1013 168470 0 6 105 427 1007 168365 75832 60667 30605 0 0 91272 102 1159 1261
dxfGofoflwjQmfsf]
9 sfof+no 58 54 29177 0 0 80 58 54 29097 1098 2337 4746 0 0 7083 40 20876 20916
10 Gofokl/ifb 4 2 151 0 0 0 4 2 151 2 149 0 0 0 149 0 0 0
/fli6\o dfgjclwsf/
11
cfof]u 12 3 193 0 0 0 12 3 193 0 176 17 0 0 193 0 0 0
12 /fli6\o dlxnf cfof]u 5 1 1310 0 0 0 5 1 1310 0 0 0 0 0 0 1310 0 1310
/fli6\o k|fs=lts ;|f]t tyf
13
ljQ cfof]u 7 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
k|b]z k|d'vsf]
14
sfof+no,k|b]z g_ @ 9 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
k|wfgdGqL tyf
15 dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no 614 228 3742791 3 11 10179 611 217 3732612 134413 518946 295300 0 442536 1256782 0 2341417 2341417
16 cy+ 2168 2722 34115244 7 101 2576722 2161 2621 31538522 25451010 24611 5620456 0 0 5645067 601 441844 442445
pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf
17 cfk"lt+ 528 169 418217 2 11 182259 526 158 235958 8521 36056 80902 0 0 116958 659 109820 110479
pmhf+, hn;|f]t tyf
18 l;FrfO 2136 854 6953069 6 99 1045909 2130 755 5907160 385903 1633295 566868 0 0 2200163 2334 3318760 3321094
sfg"g, Gofo tyf ;_;bLo
19 dfldnf 20 5 2794 0 0 0 20 5 2794 152 750 1892 0 0 2642 0 0 0
s=lif tyf kz'klG5
20 ljsf; 2560 950 1321762 57 88 59329 2503 862 1262433 86539 400212 657826 0 50 1058088 49128 68678 117806
21 u=x 1122 253 1167882 106 34 26823 1016 219 1141059 9306 38036 27806 0 3864 69706 1887 1060160 1062047
22 k//fi6\ 424 255 675235 5 26 10544 419 229 664691 24030 53565 539113 0 0 592678 21217 26766 47983
;_:s=lt, ko+6g tyf
23 gful/s p88\og 170 80 332954 38 8 5625 132 72 327329 144084 50518 33500 0 0 84018 2666 96561 99227
e"ld Joj:yf, ;xsf/L
24 tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f 1298 540 2370858 2 47 43663 1296 493 2327195 185822 84554 2040544 0 0 2125098 50 16225 16275
25 ef}lts k"jf+wf/ tyf 2958 1315 20794315 21 126 126669 2937 1189 20667646 1079052 1592150 1417487 0 0 3009637 758 16578199 16578957

oftfoft
dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf
26
h]i7 gful/s 203 86 56481 17 4 112 186 82 56369 14418 10872 26600 0 0 37472 221 4258 4479
27 o'jf tyf v]ns'b 113 63 191277 0 6 1605 113 57 189672 659 1491 179011 0 0 180502 5211 3300 8511
28 /Iff 343 49 11293118 36 15 55441 307 34 11237677 12761 60863 16765 0 0 77628 8420 11138868 11147288
29 jg tyf jftfj/0f 1689 612 717952 0 20 47458 1689 592 670494 45447 244842 338599 0 0 583441 8824 32782 41606
30 lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw 904 818 7224375 5 42 81685 899 776 7142690 41205 327221 6615333 0 0 6942554 98576 60355 158931
>d /f]huf/ tyf
31 ;fdflhs ;'/Iff 155 48 74448 0 2 815 155 46 73633 840 15946 22992 0 0 38938 4011 29844 33855
;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf
32 k|ljlw 496 121 1459567 11 8 691 485 113 1458876 1389843 4990 54825 0 0 59815 358 8860 9218
33 ;x/L lasf; 778 306 5802428 3 33 165196 775 273 5637232 118489 122702 175924 0 0 298626 510 5219607 5220117
34 vfg]kfgL 1502 590 6093837 0 28 49830 1502 562 6044007 2387363 808358 976479 0 0 1784837 1149 1870658 1871807
;F\3Lo dfldnf tyf
35 ;fdfGo k|zf;g 1631 1323 4549944 2 47 390038 1629 1276 4159906 368507 363713 1409315 0 608667 2381695 27251 1382453 1409704
36 :jf:Yo tyf hg;_Vof 1321 778 1496883 0 20 2471 1321 758 1494412 23970 170472 375435 0 0 545907 17402 907133 924535
/fli6\o of]hgf cfof]usf]
37
;lrjfno 51 48 2043 0 6 267 51 42 1776 196 1412 0 0 0 1412 168 168
hDdf 24113 13436 111231131 326 803 4893178 23787 12633 106337953 32035193 6673803 21525265 0 1055117 29254185 267415 4478116045048575
k|b]z
1 k|b]z gDa/ ! 114 18 27050 2 4708 114 16 22342 112 48 22066 0 0 22114 116 0 116
2 k|b]z gDa/ @ 141 17 164639 0 1 30 141 16 164609 20579 27825 9105 0 0 36930 100 107000 107100
3 k|b]z gDa/ # 83 2 972 4 0 0 79 2 972 3 609 360 0 0 969 0 0 0
4 u08sL k|b]z 119 5 540 0 0 0 119 5 540 83 0 5 0 0 5 0 452 452
5 k|b]z gDa/ % 87 12 1372 0 5 864 87 7 508 218 290 0 0 290 0 0 0
6 s0ff{nL k|b]z 82 6 177 0 0 0 82 6 177 105 72 72 0
7 ;'b'/ klZrd k|b]z 95 10 5959 0 0 0 95 10 5959 0 825 5134 0 0 5959 0
hDdf 721 70 200709 4 8 5602 717 62 195107 21100 29597 36742 0 0 66339 216 107452 107668
:yfgLo tx
1 k|b]z ! df kg+] !#& tx 4924 3877 4734620 17 392 431337 4907 3485 4303283 511736 1014197 2013456 0 0 3027653 147121 616773 763894
2 k|b]z @ df kg]+ !#! Tfx 4696 3823 6751132 4 140 356641 4692 3683 6394491 871719 1210540 1949359 34415 2035 3196349 1281689 1044734 2326423
3 k|b]z # df kg]+ !!( tx 4696 3814 4527848 54 287 699760 4642 3527 3828088 407377 1422932 859321 0 15822 2298075 314414 808222 1122636
4 u08sL k|b]zdf kg]+ *%
tx 3548 1775 1972659 47 236 198363 3501 1539 1774296 211837 571939 621985 0 0 1193924 84500 284035 368535
5 k|b]z % df kg]+ !)( tx 4103 2285 3574614 19 277 286490 4084 2008 3288124 223548 800351 1180573 0 0 1980924 261218 822434 1083652
6 s0f{nL k|b]zdf kg]+ &(
tx 2978 2839 2716504 5 127 144904 2973 2712 2571600 290392 715355 1079969 7197 6673 1809194 155153 316861 472014
7 ;'b'/klZrd k|b]zdf kg]+
*& tx 3190 2290 2085769 9 147 104077 3181 2143 1981692 204959 590081 719701 57 0 1309839 72317 394577 466894
hDdf 28135 20703 26363146 155 1606 2221572 27980 19097 24141574 2721568 6325395 8424364 41669 24530 14815958 2316412 4287636 6604048
;_3 k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] s'n
hDDff 52248 34139 137594277 481 2409 7114750 51767 31730 130479527 34756761 12999198 29949629 41669 1079647 44070143 2583827 49068796 51652623

cg';rL Y !^
[k|ltj]bgsf] kl/R5]b @ sf] bkmf !,$-! / $-# ;_u ;DalGwt{
;_ul7t ;_:yf, cGo ;_:yf, ;ldlt / lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltx?sf] of] jif+sf] a]?h" juL+s/0f
cfly+s jif+ @)&$/&%
[? xhf/df{
a]?h'
k|f/lDes a]?h" k|ltlqmofaf6 km5of}6 af_sL a]?h"
lgoldt ug+'kg]+ k]ZsL
qm-;- dGqfno/ lgsfosf] gfd bkmf ;_Vof bkmf ;_Vof bkmf ;_Vof k|df0fsf /fh:j nut
c;'n ug'+kg+] clgoldt ;f]wegf+ sd+rf/L
;}4flGt /sd /sd /sd sfuhft k]z lhDd]jf/L hDdf cGo k]ZsL hDdf
;}4flGts nult ;}4flGts nult ePsf] glnPsf] k]ZsL
s nult gePsf] g;f/]sf]
1 k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no 15 8 11620 0 0 0 15 8 11620 8727 2613 280 0 0 2893 0 0 0
2 cy+ 15 10 780311 5 6 779260 10 4 1051 333 718 0 0 0 718 0 0 0
3 pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt+ 35 19 134668 0 1 1321 35 18 133347 49 0 23292 0 0 23292 0 110006 110006
4 s=lif tyf kz'kG5L ljsf; 526 123 37540 10 7 293 516 116 37247 15644 9847 10040 0 0 19887 405 1311 1716
5 u=x 36 11 454804 0 1 31398 36 10 423406 21896 0 104088 0 0 104088 15651 281771 297422
6 ;_:s=lt, ko+6g tyf gful/s p88\og 621 352 806829 3 8 2630 618 344 804199 83812 164903 348626 0 0 513529 1336 205522 206858
7 ef}lts k"jf+wf/ tyf oftfoft 37 13 29433 0 0 0 37 13 29433 26509 2115 809 0 0 2924 0 0 0
8 dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf h]i7 gful/s 12 2 275 0 0 0 12 2 275 60 0 0 0 0 0 215 0 215
9 o'jf tyf v]ns'b 173 292 3225973 0 31 1443697 173 261 1782276 119925 292330 1368555 0 0 1660885 162 1304 1466
10 /Iff 105 15 112869 6 10 3885 99 5 108984 9028 0 0 0 0 0 0 99956 99956
11 jg tyf jftfj/0f 137 39 204029 0 5 62558 137 34 141471 23117 25263 91924 0 0 117187 367 800 1167
12 lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw 641 362 1579185 30 79 545246 611 283 1033939 43634 111466 614416 0 770 726652 3977 259676 263653
13 ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw 98 36 9536 0 0 0 98 36 9536 4471 1630 2505 0 0 4135 695 235 930
14 ;x/L ljsf; 214 72 751831 2 2 710 212 70 751121 79279 56148 195045 0 0 251193 640 420009 420649
15 vfg]kfgL 50 26 520567 0 0 0 50 26 520567 20679 42555 441208 0 2717 486480 0 13408 13408
16 ;F\3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g 157 66 325506 0 17 12334 157 49 313172 40957 25446 79049 520 0 105015 200 167000 167200
17 :jf:Yo tyf hg;_Vof 1204 597 1210781 2 45 17435 1202 552 1193346 89158 360352 200102 0 7274 567728 1285 535175 536460
18 /fli6\o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
19 kf]v/f ljZj ljBfno 68 21 6198 0 12 4484 68 9 1714 149 0 1565 0 0 1565 0 0 0
20 g]kfn ;_:s=t ljZj ljBfno 141 35 16363 0 3 341 141 32 16022 1301 8624 6097 0 0 14721 0 0 0
21 lqe'jg ljZj ljBfno 2570 1173 3110725 0 42 216506 2570 1131 2894219 105240 885221 1903758 0 0 2788979 0 0 0
22 nlDjgL af}4 ljZj ljBfno 16 9 15262 0 3 15051 16 6 211 0 25 186 0 0 211 0 0 0
23 dWoklZrdf~rn ljZjljBfno 119 46 98657 0 1 23 119 45 98634 786 8881 88967 0 0 97848 0 0 0
24 ;'b'/klZrdf~rn ljZjljBfno 138 20 11294 0 0 0 138 20 11294 1946 9168 180 0 0 9348 0 0 0
25 s=lif tyf ag ljZjljBfno 77 118 65670 1 22 7075 76 96 58595 1226 38984 18385 0 0 57369 0 0 0
26 /fhlif+ hgs ljZjljBfno 15 2 134 0 1 25 15 1 109 0 109 0 0 0 109 0 0 0
s'n hDDff 7221 3467 13520060 59 296 3144272 7162 3171 10375788 697926 2046398 5499077 520 10761 7556756 24933 2096173 2121106

cg';"rL Y !&
[k|ltj]bgsf] kl/R5]b @ sf] bkmf @ / $-# ;_u ;DalGwt{
;_3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tkm+ [ljlgof]hg, /fh:j, w/f}6L / cGo sf/f]jf/{

a]?h" km5\of}+6 tyf ;Dk/LIf0fsf] ljj/0f
[?-xhf/df{
%^cf}_} k|ltj]bg %^cf}_} k|ltj]bg
utjif+;Ddsf] ;_-k_sf] cg'/f]w ;Dk/LIf0f ;_-k-ug+ sf/afxL ut jif+ ;Ddsf]
qm-;_- dGqfno/lgsfo ;dfof]hg of] jif+sf] yk ;Ddsf] af_sL ;Ddsf] af_sL
afsL eO+ cfPsf] ePsf] gldn]sf] ug+ af_sL af_sL
a]?h" a]?h" dWo] k]ZsL
k|lta]bg @)^@ b]lv @)&# ;Dd
1 /fi6\kltsf] sfof+no 2081 2078 2078 0 0 3 0 3 3
2 pk/fi6\kltsf] sfof+no 67 0 0 0 0 67 100 167 100
3 ;_ljwfg ;ef Joj:yflksf ;_;b
;lrjfno 106257 23044 23032 12 0 83225 74090 157315 7069
4 ;jf]+Rr cbfnt 491442 140119 140119 0 0 351323 53056 404379 138523
5 clVtof/ b'|?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u 20428 6100 6100 0 0 14328 30662 44990 49950
6 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof+no 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 nf]s ;]jf cfof]u 8298 2488 1668 820 0 6630 6786 13416 9905
8 lgjf+rg cfof]u 575879 92230 91861 369 0 484018 168365 652383 5680
9 dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof+no 58493 3354 3354 0 0 55139 29097 84236 20916
10 Gofokl/ifb 30 0 0 0 0 30 151 181 0
11 /fli6\o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u 11443 0 0 0 0 11443 193 11636 0
12 /fli6\o dlxnf cfof]u 0 0 0 0 0 1310 1310 1310
13 k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no 402391 33104 33104 0 0 369287 3732612 4101899 2356965
14 cy+ 49037177 9076043 6616044 2459999 0 42421133 31538522 73959655 877214
15 pBf]u,jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt+ 625551 272958 122589 150369 0 502962 235958 738920 222389
16 pmhf+,hn;|f]t tyf l;rfO+ 8211379 2845142 2590130 255012 0 5621249 5907160 11528409 6351002
18 s=lif tyf kz'kG5L ljsf; 6240188 1783352 1230386 552966 0 5009802 1262433 6272235 587757
19 u=x 4363229 1808314 1769924 38390 0 2593305 1141059 3734364 2229737
20 k//fi6\ 1729079 545773 308803 236970 0 1420276 664691 2084967 353620
22 ;_:s=lt,ko+6g tyf gful/s p88\og 990453 153654 136036 17618 0 854417 327329 1181746 181150
e"ld Joj:yf, ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL
23
lgjf/0f 4477779 727238 718722 8516 0 3759057 2327195 6086252 216981
24 ef}lts k'jf+wf/ tyf oftfoft 40797654 -758957 11288706 9373357 1915349 0 30665340 20667646 51332986 40662137
25 dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf h]i7 gful/s 368644 170098 164233 5865 0 204411 56369 260780 107060
26 o'jf tyf v]ns'b 240150 180572 176454 4118 0 63696 189672 253368 39803
27 /Iff 9705405 758957 4210494 4053683 153782 3029 6410679 11237677 17648356 16777418
28 jg tyf tyf jftfj/0f 1810974 374583 352053 22530 0 1458921 670494 2129415 179235
31 zflGt tyf k'glgdf+0f 629589 272127 272047 80 0 357542 357542 244723
32 lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw 22474425 4817102 3378141 1438961 0 19096284 7142690 26238974 2377270
35 ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw 1946053 1011442 988209 23233 0 957844 1458876 2416720 47911
36 ;x/L ljsf; 9903335 1676338 1441597 234741 0 8461738 5637232 14098970 8879267
37 vfg]kfgL 9675824 2643623 2523613 120010 0 7152211 6044007 13196218 3543148
38 ;F\3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g 32688288 12476217 9801769 8659026 1142743 0 36505479 4159906 40665385 14463577
39 :jf:Yo tyf hg;_Vof 5666667 1567228 1124728 442500 0 4541939 1494412 6036351 2298757
41 /fli6\o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno 31345 11701 11701 0 0 19644 1776 21420 168
hDdf 213667935 12476217 55711036 46480830 9227177 3029 179663322 106337953 286001275 103339166
k|b]z
1 k|b]z gDa/ ! - - - - - - - 22342 22342 116
2 k|b]z gDa/ @ - - - - - - - 164609 164609 107100
3 k|b]z gDa/ # - - - - - - - 972 972 0
4 u08sL k|b]z - - - - - - - 540 540 452
5 k|b]z gDa/ % - - - - - - - 508 508 0
6 s0ff{nL k|b]z - - - - - - - 177 177 0
7 ;'b'/ klZrd k|b]z - - - - - - - 5959 5959 0
k|b]z hDdf - - - - - - - 195107 195107 107668
:yfgLo tx
1 k|b]z ! df kg+] !#& tx 2206155 0 401936 401936 0 0 1804219 4303283 6107502 763894
2 k|b]z @ df kg]+ !#! Tfx 3528817 0 328784 328784 0 0 3200033 6394491 9594524 2326423
3 k|b]z # df kg]+ !!( tx 4532764 0 525306 525306 0 0 4007458 3828088 7835546 1122636
4 u08sL k|b]zdf kg]+ *% tx 889680 0 182537 182537 0 0 707143 1774296 2481439 368535
5 k|b]z % df kg]+ !)( tx 1926556 199 797211 797211 0 0 1129544 3288124 4417668 1083652
6 s0ff+nL k|b]zdf kg]+ &( tx 528208 0 37724 37724 0 0 490484 2571600 3062084 472014
7 ;'b'/klZrd k|b]zdf kg]+ *& tx 633779 846 122659 122659 0 0 511966 1981692 2493658 466894
:yfgLo tx hDdf 14245959 1045 2396157 2396157 0 0 11850847 24141574 35992421 6604048
;_3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] s'n hDDff 227913894 12477262 58107193 48876987 9227177 3029 191514169 130674634 322188803 110050882
b|i6Jo M k|b]z tyf :yfgLo txsf] sfof{nout ljj/0f ;DjlGwt k|b]z tyf :yflgo txsf] k|ltj]bgdf ;dfj]z 5 .

cg';"rL Y !*
[k|ltj]bgsf] kl/R5]b @ sf] bkmf @ ;_u ;DalGwt{
;_ul7t ;_:yf, cGo ;_:yf,;ldlt / lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt tkm+

a]?h" km5\of}+6 tyf ;Dk/LIf0fsf] ljj/0f
[?= xhf/df_
o; sfof+noaf6 ePsf] ;_-k-;DaGwL ljj/0f

;_-k_-sf] ut jif+ ;Ddsf] %^ cf} k|ltj]bg
qm-;_- dGqfno/lgsfo utjif+;Dds @)^@ ;Dk/LIf0f ;_-k-ug+ sf/afxL of] jif+sf] yk
x:tfGt/0f ;dfof]hg cg'/f]w eO+ af_sL ;Ddsf] af_sL a]?h"
f] afsL k|ltj]bgb]lv ePsf] gldn]sf] ug+ af_sL
cfPsf]
1 Joj:yflksf ;_;b ;lrjfno 4833 4833 0 0 0 0 0 4833 0 4833
k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf]
2
sfof+no 85557 85557 14984 14984 0 0 70573 11620 82193
3 cy+ 1183001 1183001 284349 276636 7713 0 906365 1051 907416
4 pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt+ 319549 319549 23 23 0 0 319526 133347 452873
6 s=lif tyf kz'kG5L ljsf; 369283 369283 -78658 68350 46869 21481 0 243756 37247 281003
7 u=x 1229345 1229345 237344 237344 0 0 992001 423406 1415407
;_:s=lt, ko+6g tyf gful/s
8
p88\og 4633404 4633404 601436 516585 84851 0 4116819 804199 4921018
e"ld Joj:yf, ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL
9
lgjf/0f 549 549 0 549 0 549
10 ef}lts k"jf+wf/ tyf oftfoft 273283 273283 2253 1811 1811 0 0 273725 29433 303158
dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf h]i7
11
gful/s 380486 380486 453 0 0 453 380486 275 380761
12 o'jf tyf v]ns'b 997239 997239 163480 115301 48179 0 881938 1782276 2664214
13 /Iff 753602 753602 621563 921040 904262 16778 0 470903 108984 579887
14 jg tyf jftfj/0f 810428 810428 105715 105715 0 704713 141471 846184
17 lzIff lj1fg tyf k|ljlw 4504346 4504346 765141 563461 201680 0 3940885 1033939 4974824
20 pmhf+, hn;|f]t tyf l;FrfO 764266 764266 0 764266 0 764266

21 ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw 1279449 1279449 53665 53324 341 0 1226125 9536 1235661
22 ;x/L ljsf; 2481369 2481369 178948 155621 23327 0 2325748 751121 3076869
23 vfg]kfgL 633403 633403 0 0 0 0 633403 520567 1153970
;F\3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo
24
k|zf;g 1084448 1084448 433844 34958 34958 0 1483334 313172 1796506
25 :jf:Yo tyf hg;_Vof 7464285 7464285 1686627 1398791 287836 0 6065494 1193346 7258840
26 /fli6\o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno 21000 21000 21000 0 21000
27 kf]v/f ljZjljBfno 128941 128941 16393 3439 12954 0 125502 1714 127216
28 g]kfn ;_:s=t ljZj ljBfno 324138 324138 13176 13176 0 0 310962 16022 326984
29 lqe'jg ljZj ljBfno 19532228 19532228 2068591 1299216 769375 0 18233012 2894219 21127231
30 n'lDjgL af}4 ljZj ljBfno 15075 15075 8529 8529 0 0 6546 211 6757
31 dWoklZrdf~rn ljZjljBfno 257389 257389 197 197 0 0 257192 98634 355826
32 ;'b'/klZrdf~rn ljZjljBfno 27916 27916 6879 6879 0 0 21037 11294 32331
33 s=lif tyf ag ljZjljBfno 138634 138634 13098 12671 427 0 125963 58595 184558
34 /fhlif+ hgs ljZjljBfno 0 0 0 109 109
35 lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt 12476217 12476217 -12476217 0 0 0 0
36 :yfgLo ljsf; sf]if 433844 433844 -433844 0 0 0 0
hDdf 62612782 0 62612782 -11931059 7245187 5769792 1474942 453 44911931 10375788 55287719

cg';"rL Y !(
[k|ltj]bgsf] kl/R5]b # bkmf % ;_u ;DalGwt{
sf]ifsf] ljj/0f
@)&$.&%
[?-xhf/df{
utjif+sf]
s||_- ;_ dGqfno lgsfo o; jif+sf] cfo hDdf vr+ af+FsL
df}Hbft
1 ;jf]+Rr cbfnt 12369 0 12369 0 12369
1.1 Goflos k|lti7fg sf]if 12369 0 12369 0 12369
2.1 ;_;b ljsf; sf]if 4833 0 4833 0 4833
2.2 zflGt sf]if 22906 22906 45812 22906 22906
3 k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no 31162041 2620508 33782549 1081337 32701212
3.1 k|wfgdGqL /fxt sf]if 108897 0 108897 0 108897
3.2 k|wfgdGqL ;xfotf sf]if 2068 0 2068 0 2068
3.3 g]kfn 6\i6 sfof+no 489072 205641 694713 79998 614715
3.4 k|wfgdGqL b}jL k|sf]if p4f/ sf]if 2173320 2409580 4582900 1000000 3582900
3.5 zflGt sf]if Pl8lj 9983 5154 15137 1137 14000
3.6 k'gMlgdf+0f sf]if 28287097 0 28287097 0 28287097
3.7 w/x/f k'gMlgdf+0f sf]if 83169 133 83302 0 83302
3.8 If]qLo b}jL k|sf]if p4f/ ;ldlt Y% 5793 0 5793 202 5591
4 cy+ 660712 221877049 222537761 220551492 1986269
4.1 d'No clej=l4 s/ lkmtf+ sf]if 0 6385637 6385637 6385637 0
4.2 e_;f/ sf]if 660712 215491412 216152124 214165855 1986269
5 pmhf+, hn;|f]t tyf l;rfO+ 4093845 6492883 10586728 4028277 6558451
5.1 j}slNks pmhf+ k|jw+g s]Gb| 4093836 6473898 10567734 4009292 6558442
5.2 hn tyf df};d lj1fg ljefu 9 18985 18994 18985 9
6 pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt+ 216503 197214 413717 151570 262147
6.1 x:tsnf k|j4+g sf]if 6872 6510 13382 6659 6723
6.2 s]Gb|Lo sf/fuf/ sf]if 14417 7152 21569 6786 14783
n3' 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u shf+ k|jfx d"n
6.3 sf]if 101583 0 101583 0 101583
6.4 k|ljlw ljsf; sf]if 10000 0 10000 0 10000
3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u 3/ hUuf ;fk6L
6.5 sf]if 1662 10707 12369 10859 1510
6.6 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; sf]if 33802 8380 42182 3964 38218
6.7 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u dlxnf sf]if 20491 44528 65019 0 65019
6.8 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u C0f sf]if 2248 16033 18281 15819 2462
6.9 g]kfn u'0f:t/ tyf gfktf}n ljefu sf]if 1692 5063 6755 5890 865
6.10 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ;ldlt 3'DtL sf]if 23736 98841 122577 101593 20984
7 s=lif tyf kz'kG5L ljsf; 299228 219274 518502 173748 344754
7.1 l;_rfO+ tyf hn;|f]t Joj:yfkg cfof]hgf 484 2400 2884 2839 45
7.2 s=lif ljefu sfo+;~rfng sf]if 313 0 313 195 118

utjif+sf]
df}Hbft
7.3 pi0f k|b]lzs jfujfgL ljsf; sf]if, ;nf+xL 29 151 180 61 119
lhNnf s=lif ljsf; sfof+nox?
7.4 sfo+;~rfng sf]if 12055 10089 22144 15357 6787
7.5 kz' ljsf; kmd+ kf]v/f, sfo+;~rfng sf]if 63144 12251 75395 1272 74123
7.6 kz' :jf:yo 3'DtL sf]if 223203 194383 417586 154024 263562
8 u=x 4904 1263825 1268729 1176383 92346
k|x/L sNof0f sf]if / ;z:q k|x/L sNof0f
8.1 sf]if 4904 1263825 1268729 1176383 92346
9 k//fi6« 25436 830790 856226 842995 13231
9.1 d=ts Ifltk"lt+ sf]if 25436 830790 856226 842995 13231
10 ;_:s=lt, ko+6g tyf gful/s p8\oog 21478 6367 27845 10473 17372
10.1 sfo+ ;~rfng sf]if 21470 6367 27837 10473 17364
11 e'ld Joj:yf, ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f 115706 138161 253867 24120 229747
11.1 e"ld Joj:yfkg ;'lb|l9s/0f sf]if 117081 138161 255242 24120 231122
12 dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf Ho]i7 gful/s 199861 237782 437643 239265 198378
12.1 lapk"lh_ sf]if 11867 224088 235955 80153 155802
12.2 dfgj a]rljvg lj?4 sf]if 20007 0 20007 9850 10157
12.3 jfn p4f/ sf]if 743 5388 6131 743 5388
12.4 h]i7 gful/s sf]if 814 7383 8197 814 7383
12.5 n}_lus lx_;f lgjf/0f sf]if 52903 0 52903 45736 7167
12.6 Psn dlxnf ;'/Iff sf]if 39036 0 39036 35649 3387
12.7 ckf_u k'gM:yfkgf sf]if 47 923 970 0 970
12.8 cGo sf]if 74444 0 74444 66320 8124
13 /Iff 39615775 15079555 54695330 13394451 41300879
13.1 ;}lgs sNof0fsf/L sf]if 39615775 15079555 54695330 13394451 41300879
14 jg tyf jftfj/0f 372207 734662 1106869 568320 538549
14.1 sfo+ ;~rfng sf]if 340610 734662 1075272 568320 506952
14.2 jftfj/0f ;_/If0f sf]if 31597 31597 31597
15 ef}lts k'jf+wf/ tyf oftfoft Joj:yf 1456115 4985679 6441794 4988636 1453158
15.1 sfo+ ;~rfng sf]if 1456115 4985679 6441794 4988636 1453158
16 vfg]kfgL 36733 111168 147901 141614 6287
16.1 sfo+ ;~rfng sf]if *# 65234 111168 176402 141614 34788
17 lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw 513837 95499 609336 99314 510022
17.1 lhNNff lzIff sf]if 468670 95499 564169 99314 464855
17.2 5fqf lzIff sf]if 34268 34268 34268
18 >d, /f]huf/ tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff 34344803 5862935 40207738 17219811 22987927
18.1 /fli6\o :t/sf] sNof0fsf/L sf]if 13224767 3262924 16487691 16394020 93671
18.2 ;fdflhs ;'/Iff sf]if 17040893 750193 17791086 7 17791079
Joj;flos tyf ;Lk ljsf; tflnd s]Gb|
18.3 sf]if 7004 70867 77871 74299 3572
18.4 O lk P; sf]l/of zfvf sf]if 480 139507 139987 136718 3269
utjif+sf]
df}Hbft
18.5 j}b]lzs /f]huf/ k|jw+g af]8+ 4034884 1632296 5667180 612454 5054726
18.6 k|Tofe"lt / cft_s kLl8t sf]if 8194 818 9012 0 9012
18.7 afnaflnsf ljsf; tyf k'gM:yfkgf sf]if 22936 5504 28440 2163 26277
18.8 afn>d lgjf/0f sf]if 5645 676 6321 0 6321
18.9 >d sfof+no 0 150 150 150 0
19 ;x/L ljsf; 133024 128031 261055 95331 165724
19.1 sfo+ ;~rfng sf]if 109598 126173 235771 93473 142298
23426
20 ;~rf/ tyf ;'rgf k|ljlw 23426 1360 24786 1360
20.1 x'nfs ;]jf ljefu sfo+;~rfng sf]if 0 498 498 498 0
20.2 /fli6\o ;'rgf k|ljlw sfo+ ;~rfng sf]if 862 862 862 0
;_rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfno sfo+
20.3 ;~rfng sf]if 93 0 93 0 93
g]kfn b"/;~rf/ k|flws/0f [u|fdL0f
20.4 b"/;~rf/ sf]if{ 0 0 0
21 /fli6\o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno 11847 0 11847 0 11847
21.1 gof_ lgdf+0f sf]if 11847 0 11847 0 11847
hDdf 113347589 260905648 374253237 264811403 109441834

cg';"rL – @)
[k|ltj]bgsf] kl/R5]b @ sf] bkmf !,@,$-! / $-# ;_u ;DalGwt{
;/sf/L sfof+nosf] n]vfk/LIf0f cÍ / a]?h"sf] t'ngfTds l:ylt

@)&@.&# @)&#.&$ @)&$/&%
s| ;_ n]vfk/LIf0fsf] n]vfk/LIf0fsf] n]vfk/LIf0fsf]
dGqfno/ lgsfosf] gfd n]vfk/LIf0f
n]vfk/LIf0f c_s a]?h" c_s t'ngfdf a]?h" a]?h' c_s t'ngfdf a]?h" n]vfk/LIf0f c_s a]?h' c_s t'ngfdf a]?h"
c_s
1
/fi6\kltsf] sfof+no 361022 179 0.05 285391 1900 0.67 194123 - 0.00
2 pk/fi6\kltsf] sfof+no 59818 259 0.43 38670 - 0.00 43703 100 0.23
3 ;_ljwfg ;ef Joj:yflksf ;_;b ;lrjfno 1267773 155406 12.26 1569691 58711 3.74 1143692 74090 6.48
4 ;jf]+Rr cbfnt 8406496 153679 1.83 11586781 131309 1.13 12991576 53056 0.41
5 clVtof/ b'|?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u 800161 4957 0.62 941829 239 0.03 929293 30662 3.30
6 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof+no 400959 1454 0.36 413367 - 0.00 410646 - 0.00
7 nf]s ;]jf cfof]u 777673 45673 5.87 1098332 185 0.02 1006178 6786 0.67
8 lgjf+rg cfof]u 463161 13470 2.91 5907271 191671 3.24 9445705 168365 1.78
9 dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof+no 691096 29493 4.27 1077430 18395 1.71 1038309 29097 2.80
10 Gofokl/ifb 48502 206 0.42 64006 - 0.00 65218 151 0.23
11 /fli6\o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u 87729 399 0.45 177646 734 0.41 190522 193 0.10
12 /fli6\o dlxnf cfof]u - - - - - - 63831 1310 2.05
13 /fli6\o k|fs=lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfof]u - - - - - - 86363 - 0.00
14 k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfof+no k|b]z g ! - - - - - - 6385637 - 0.00
15 k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfof+no k|b]z g @ - - - - - - 27894 - 0.00
16 k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfof+no k|b]z g # - - - - - - 12485 - 0.00
17 k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfof+no u08sL k|b]z - - - - - - 19364 - 0.00
18 k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfof+no k|b]z g % - - - - - - 18975 - 0.00
19 k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfof+no s0ff+nL k|b]z - - - - - - 16302 - 0.00
21 k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfof+no ;'b'/klZrd k|b]z - - - - - - 16716 - 0.00
22 k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof+no 28910302 67867 0.23 4037138 130787 3.24 156530880 3732612 2.38
23 cy+ 718956597 39114947 5.44 892605873 16163881 1.81 1049232224 31538522 3.01
24 pBf]u,jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt+ 6314231 221823 3.51 6310129 316409 5.01 7997648 235958 2.95
25 pmhf+ hn;|f]t tyf l;_rfO+ 26591546 3428116 12.89 41431470 3118700 7.53 81066945 5907160 7.29
26 sfg"g, Gofo tyf ;_;bLo Joj:yf 119332 11 0.01 252389 677 0.27 158972 2794 1.76
27 s=lif tyf kz'kG5L ljsf; 25477064 1526043 5.99 26487020 2779890 10.50 25881666 1262433 4.88
32 u=x 49518513 2776780 5.61 84885484 2310668 2.72 104823541 1141059 1.09
33 k//fi6\ 12867743 418647 3.25 9594496 581744 6.06 10676475 664691 6.23
@)&@.&# @)&#.&$ @)&$/&%
s| ;_ n]vfk/LIf0fsf] n]vfk/LIf0fsf] n]vfk/LIf0fsf]
dGqfno/ lgsfosf] gfd n]vfk/LIf0f
n]vfk/LIf0f c_s a]?h" c_s t'ngfdf a]?h" a]?h' c_s t'ngfdf a]?h" n]vfk/LIf0f c_s a]?h' c_s t'ngfdf a]?h"
c_s
34 ;_:s=lt,ko+6g tyf gful/s p88\og 3600002 235353 6.54 5187512 592495 11.42 5435115 327329 6.02
37 e"ld Joj:yf, ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL lgjf/0f 33704392 1098354 3.26 41542931 2383701 5.74 45734685 2327195 5.09
38 ef}lts k"jf+wf/ tyf oftfoft 70686726 12770494 18.07 120537409 21269840 17.65 135248872 20667646 15.28
39 dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf h]i7 gful/s 2823277 313915 11.12 2707549 190294 7.03 2664980 56369 2.12
40 o'jf tyf v]ns'b 1991666 163197 8.19 3103065 44420 1.43 2191032 189672 8.66
41 /Iff 37638295 2375448 6.31 55579356 6592385 11.86 68909625 11237677 16.31
43 jg tyf jftfj/0f 23895242 698709 2.92 27338186 661737 2.42 19864958 670494 3.38
44 zflGt tyf k'glg+df+0f 3410765 313395 9.19 9610560 35136 0.37 - -
45 lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw 94937378 7841136 8.26 111748986 10794134 9.66 48354785 7142690 14.77
46 >d /f]huf/ tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff 4895843 94636 1.93 21493890 188668 0.88 43232656 73633 0.17
47 ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw 10341429 698730 6.76 12843400 1370788 10.67 13962098 1458876 10.45
48 ;x/L lasf; 11899743 1241118 10.43 27954721 5124227 18.33 30559038 5626054 18.41
49 vfg]kfgL 14643405 3825079 26.12 29326758 5750130 19.61 26818247 6044007 22.54
50 ;_3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g 67903144 8035222 11.83 156715117 11364459 7.25 63139228 4159906 6.59
51 :jf:Yo tyf hg;_Vof 30324713 1183108 3.90 37674062 2642206 7.01 31322921 1494412 4.77
52 /fli6\o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno 633451 8557 1.35 795898 4927 0.62 927137 1776 0.19
hDdf 1295449189 88855860 6.86 1752923813 94815447 5.41 2008840260 106326775 5.29

cg';rL Y @!
[k|ltj]bgsf] kl/R5]b @ sf] bkmf !,@,$-! / $-# ;_u ;DalGwt{
:yfgLo txsf] cfo Joo / n]vfk/LIf0f l:ylt

आय व्यय र्ौज्दात बााँकी
n]vfk/LIf0f गतवषमको सर्ानीकरण सशतम तथा अन्य
a]?h" /sd
क्र.सूं. स्थानीय तह /sd अन्य आय जम्र्ा आय चालु खचम पाँक्जगत खचम अन्य खचम जम्र्ा खचम
क्जम्र्ेवारी अनुदान बजेट अनुदान
1 2 3 4 5(2+3+4) 6 7 8 9(6+7+8) 10(1+5-9)
प्रदे श नम्बर १ क्जल्ला 106972812 4303283 2095159 26931157 20628032 8291553 55850742 22780222 20039118 8302730 51122070 6823831
1 फुङमलङ नगरपामलका ताप्लेजुङ 837390 26262 18050 195361 215778 18861 430000 251611 155364 415 407390 40660
2 आठराई बत्रवेणी गाउाँ पामलका ताप्लेजुङ 491110 10003 5291 122982 119898 6449 249329 136814 104575 392 241781 12839
3 मसददङ्वा गाउाँ पामलका ताप्लेजुङ 458000 16414 6682 134883 111288 5050 251221 124380 82399 0 206779 51124
4 फतताङलुङ गाउाँ पामलका ताप्लेजुङ 566684 13835 5126 170211 122223 12812 305246 138279 122412 747 261438 48934
5 मर्तवाखोला गाउाँ पामलका ताप्लेजुङ 378937 3062 5204 120650 75969 3305 199924 92465 86548 0 179013 26115
6 र्ेररङदे न गाउाँ पामलका ताप्लेजुङ 462275 9904 3290 139431 107013 7622 254066 124118 84091 0 208209 49147
7 र्ैवाखोला गाउाँ पामलका ताप्लेजुङ 405822 2661 5267 115702 89958 4223 209883 107161 88778 0 195939 19211
पाथीभरा याङवरक
ताप्लेजुङ 504725 9577 4908 127919 127892 11390 267201 135041 99524 2959 237524 34585
8 गाउाँ पामलका
9 मसरीजङ्घा गाउाँ पामलका ताप्लेजुङ 644852 17740 5212 171506 152992 7372 331870 177292 134308 1382 312982 24100
10 फफददर् नगरपामलका पााँचथर 1183789 8427 26215 290169 249679 81218 621066 271989 213308 77426 562723 84558
11 फालेलुूंग गाउाँ पामलका पााँचथर 638813 3894 5748 181843 140766 8113 330722 139067 160914 8110 308091 28379
12 फाल्गुनन्द गाउाँ पामलका पााँचथर 639382 4314 5262 167979 167260 9050 344289 149772 136829 8492 295093 54458
13 दहमलहाङ गाउाँ पामलका पााँचथर 651940 5631 5636 174205 154507 8052 336764 118068 185832 11276 315176 27224
14 कुम्र्ायक गाउाँ पामलका पााँचथर 486862 21831 4965 137313 111271 4300 252884 52061 178357 3560 233978 23871
15 मर्तलाजुङ गाउाँ पामलका पााँचथर 770036 13918 5365 189127 148740 63795 401662 157375 147205 63794 368374 38653
16 तुम्बेवा गाउाँ पामलका पााँचथर 438099 9460 5994 126858 102184 4869 233911 66078 133977 4133 204188 35717
17 याङवरक गाउाँ पामलका पााँचथर 570298 5724 5960 155173 102333 33331 290837 128964 117195 33302 279461 17336
18 ईलार् नगरपामलका ईलार् 1308248 23414 20613 243292 323534 117501 684327 355518 230817 37586 623921 81019
19 दे उर्ाई नगरपामलका ईलार् 802250 2836 17740 195121 154087 72640 421848 252955 113980 13467 380402 59186
20 र्ाई नगरपामलका ईलार् 769679 405243 6428 226018 112259 76703 414980 184484 150242 19973 354699 66709
21 सयोदय नगरपामलका ईलार् 1126874 8293 53211 284883 304856 38001 627740 361507 130955 6672 499134 181817
22 फाकफोकथुर् गाउाँ पामलका ईलार् 615479 146513 5804 156819 145759 6217 308795 168961 127561 10162 306684 7915
23 चुलाचुली गाउाँ पामलका ईलार् 516393 11528 5956 152118 77737 45943 275798 145677 90378 4540 240595 41159
24 र्ाईजोगर्ाई गाउाँ पामलका ईलार् 518831 6513 6262 152000 130263 4422 286685 168204 63807 135 232146 60801
25 र्ाङसेबङ
ु गाउाँ पामलका ईलार् 499412 18914 4892 148828 107629 6485 262942 135132 93295 8043 236470 31364
26 रोङ गाउाँ पामलका ईलार् 572334 4069 7614 150003 144825 7019 301847 157745 105002 7740 270487 38974
27 सन्दकपुर गाउाँ पामलका ईलार् 468724 21180 6093 126624 111528 7669 245821 118166 94789 9948 222903 29011
28 र्ेचीनगर नगरपामलका झापा 2070929 57473 84079 423148 15245 646001 1084394 102138 588515 295882 986535 181938
29 दर्क नगरपामलका झापा 1345398 21963 32171 266663 212556 206494 685713 349219 181689 128777 659685 58199
30 कन्काई नगरपामलका झापा 798296 19220 16818 195825 192558 26295 414678 185142 189754 8722 383618 47878
31 भद्रपुर नगरपामलका झापा 1219917 35013 28404 270422 302640 62971 636033 368509 183538 31837 583884 80553
32 अजुन
म धारा नगरपामलका झापा 1156966 29068 26731 258090 139924 180665 578679 55419 228558 294310 578287 27123
33 मशवशताक्षी नगरपामलका झापा 1252897 121654 35274 285109 291202 65230 641541 219134 221737 170485 611356 65459
34 गौरादह नगरपामलका झापा 1003019 20586 68619 255030 275122 19177 549329 208813 142339 102538 453690 164258
a]?h" /sd
1 2 3 4 5(2+3+4) 6 7 8 9(6+7+8) 10(1+5-9)
35 त्तवतामर्ोड नगरपामलका झापा 1286106 32938 64324 289687 246333 110152 646172 328539 310310 1085 639934 70562
36 कर्ल गाउाँ पामलका झापा 842579 14107 8059 210033 204705 22665 437403 154125 174836 76215 405176 40286
37 गौरीगूंज गाउाँ पामलका झापा 650033 4260 6122 194289 155206 17251 366746 184998 85409 12880 283287 89581
38 बाह्रदशी गाउाँ पामलका झापा 655078 10603 21373 191121 86139 80833 358093 16470 98879 181636 296985 82481
39 झापा गाउाँ पामलका झापा 700972 9145 6156 195819 84350 77419 357588 152649 172710 18025 343384 20360
40 बुद्धशाक्न्त गाउाँ पामलका झापा 758121 23095 8423 193235 102094 98611 393940 32420 151602 180159 364181 38182
41 हक्ल्दवारी गाउाँ पामलका झापा 687280 20793 22918 166798 165503 3920 336221 204172 119520 27367 351059 8080
42 कचनकवल गाउाँ पामलका झापा 788522 15626 6161 216964 194721 6977 418662 225810 132695 11355 369860 54963
43 त्तवराटनगर र्हानगरपामलका र्ोरङ 5518124 111553 250231 898109 196339 1723280 2817728 197337 352637 2150422 2700396 367563
44 बेलवारी नगरपामलका र्ोरङ 1224742 13943 38642 285109 310909 30726 626744 233833 199240 164925 597998 67388
45 लेटाङ नगरपामलका र्ोरङ 709183 35760 5515 189599 169624 18551 377774 77014 94820 159575 331409 51880
46 पथरी शननश्चरे नगरपामलका र्ोरङ 1046134 12279 18306 251157 246941 45817 543915 45610 194517 262092 502219 60002
47 रूं गेली नगरपामलका र्ोरङ 1021677 30554 15475 255735 273929 18340 548004 283440 144372 45861 473673 89806
48 रतुवार्ाई नगरपामलका र्ोरङ 1060547 7700 4747 275121 265459 16769 557349 307967 148022 47209 503198 58898
49 सुनवत्तषम नगरपामलका र्ोरङ 908331 114286 11297 259142 209405 12026 480573 211142 184974 31642 427758 64112
50 उलामवारी नगरपामलका र्ोरङ 1106141 20743 31184 227542 240681 96576 564799 294211 227862 19269 541342 54641
51 सुन्दरहरै चा नगरपामलका र्ोरङ 1430084 7404 17102 315184 321714 112875 749773 371677 302943 5691 680311 86564
52 बुढीगूंगा गाउाँ पामलका र्ोरङ 784075 12237 2658 197111 173920 52018 423049 211848 137658 11520 361026 64681
53 धनपालथान गाउाँ पामलका र्ोरङ 687433 20440 5634 208741 149100 24162 382003 152715 152715 0 305430 82207
54 ग्रार्थान गाउाँ पामलका र्ोरङ 671011 9112 6343 182075 151288 24218 357581 308180 5250 0 313430 50494
55 जहदा गाउाँ पामलका र्ोरङ 758624 90832 6793 219313 81622 98210 399145 149974 158196 51309 359479 46459
56 कानेपोखरी गाउाँ पामलका र्ोरङ 724829 18256 7233 194880 170199 12812 377891 33414 139506 174018 346938 38186
57 कटहरी गाउाँ पामलका र्ोरङ 687270 77976 6698 274971 44772 59374 379117 144549 149823 13781 308153 77662
58 केरावारी गाउाँ पामलका र्ोरङ 748409 13854 8146 203346 160350 25226 388922 31830 164570 163087 359487 37581
59 मर्तलाजुङ गाउाँ पामलका र्ोरङ 684410 11144 11926 189480 158167 23507 371154 180908 125057 7291 313256 69824
60 ईटहरी उपर्हानगरपामलका सुनसरी 2311117 211297 38437 289761 263851 630852 1184464 149209 470527 506917 1126653 96248
61 धरान उपर्हानगरपामलका सुनसरी 2596304 92089 110924 458874 388897 492968 1340739 117568 1137997 0 1255565 196098
62 ईनरुवा नगरपामलका सुनसरी 1154771 26378 5695 374589 169616 44152 588357 168287 214890 183237 566414 27638
63 दुहवी नगरपामलका सुनसरी 987662 6320 5848 255862 122336 123856 502054 165412 246630 73566 485608 22294
64 रार्धुनी नगरपामलका सुनसरी 921651 50499 50006 239759 120565 82977 443301 236792 224803 16755 478350 14957
65 बराहक्षेत्र नगरपामलका सुनसरी 1341452 77030 9703 347250 197796 156613 701659 251421 256827 131545 639793 71569
66 दे वानगञ्ज गाउाँ पामलका सुनसरी 599159 4533 8293 185952 84744 55853 326549 103243 114581 54786 272610 62232
67 कोशी गाउाँ पामलका सुनसरी 678576 21722 5667 227422 115081 16236 358739 99863 154344 65630 319837 44569
68 गढी गाउाँ पामलका सुनसरी 583125 3148 7445 185361 84847 48613 318821 106702 104444 53158 264304 61962
69 बजुम गाउाँ पामलका सुनसरी 624553 2255 3836 173615 144078 6174 323867 146713 143300 10673 300686 27017
70 भोक्राहा नरमसूंह गाउाँ पामलका सुनसरी 618333 38475 5288 210976 59643 54710 325329 104727 159130 29147 293004 37613
71 हररनगर गाउाँ पामलका सुनसरी 635487 67622 14545 200166 85296 60057 345519 17537 108107 164324 289968 70096
72 पाख्रिबास नगरपामलका धनकुटा 626215 11107 18465 160587 10429 153472 324488 25927 120353 155447 301727 41226
73 धनकुटा नगरपामलका धनकुटा 974465 14649 51382 4800 441394 26362 472556 246369 223503 32037 501909 22029
74 र्हालक्ष्र्ी नगरपामलका धनकुटा 690180 17167 5630 166928 146866 47728 361522 215049 113609 0 328658 38494
75 सााँगुरीगढी गाउाँ पामलका धनकुटा 642975 15933 7731 160940 123630 47186 331756 180060 123960 7199 311219 28268
76 सदहदभमर् गाउाँ पामलका धनकुटा 551423 12898 8396 137319 99475 56412 293206 142376 98050 17791 258217 43385
77 छथर जोरपाटी गाउाँ पामलका धनकुटा 481861 1443 5208 131208 118981 4908 255097 145400 76249 5115 226764 33541
78 चौत्तवसे गाउाँ पामलका धनकुटा 596088 824 5412 150714 153955 4893 309562 172935 106005 7586 286526 28448

a]?h" /sd
1 2 3 4 5(2+3+4) 6 7 8 9(6+7+8) 10(1+5-9)
79 म्याङलुङ नगरपामलका तेहथुर् 643112 39096 11265 150000 126892 49110 326002 188774 4702 123634 317110 20157
80 लालीगुरााँस नगरपामलका तेहथुर् 543700 17533 26812 150000 109306 41642 300948 100440 84804 57508 242752 85008
81 आठराई गाउाँ पामलका तेहथुर् 716960 99148 6026 169271 165527 41781 376579 207282 131989 1110 340381 42224
82 छथर गाउाँ पामलका तेहथुर् 525582 47709 4856 133322 107942 28680 269944 157707 93214 4717 255638 19162
83 फेदाप गाउाँ पामलका तेहथुर् 555628 25794 6039 138840 114533 31369 284742 169083 96847 4956 270886 19895
84 र्ेन्छयायेर् गाउाँ पामलका तेहथुर् 326111 8975 5918 100000 55272 17769 173041 91455 60276 1339 153070 25889
85 चैनपुर नगरपामलका सूंखव
ु ासभा 770846 26047 9779 198651 199510 6623 404784 249333 114342 2387 366062 48501
86 धर्मदेवी नगरपामलका सूंखुवासभा 484595 7455 5905 150000 119902 4705 274607 128448 81540 0 209988 70524
87 खााँदवारी नगरपामलका सूंखुवासभा 867643 63390 29676 199825 176373 81576 457774 264354 143751 1764 409869 77581
88 र्ादी नगरपामलका सूंखुवासभा 493551 62041 32747 150000 106490 10526 267016 145629 80886 20 226535 73228
89 पााँचखपन नगरपामलका सूंखुवासभा 542318 55650 6576 154828 93216 37526 285570 255889 600 259 256748 35398
90 भोटखोला गाउाँ पामलका सूंखुवासभा 323621 35519 5861 110456 57079 6936 174471 71074 74940 3136 149150 31182
91 गचगचला गाउाँ पामलका सूंखुवासभा 282886 27442 5348 100000 40090 11623 151713 60391 70601 181 131173 25888
92 र्कालु गाउाँ पामलका सूंखव
ु ासभा 494799 7594 6354 158270 101488 782 260540 119503 114756 0 234259 32635
93 सभापोखरी गाउाँ पामलका सूंखुवासभा 352247 6746 5635 123690 76751 1363 201804 89401 61042 0 150443 56996
94 मसलीचोङ गाउाँ पामलका सूंखुवासभा 446948 6589 5140 134259 92524 1467 228250 110699 99018 8981 218698 14692
95 भोजपुर नगरपामलका भोजपुर 908774 7525 36102 209108 164796 73922 447826 255054 192317 13577 460948 22980
96 षडानन्द नगरपामलका भोजपुर 867802 23347 8968 242124 172040 64657 478821 233180 149341 6460 388981 98808
97 टे म्केर्ैयुङ गाउाँ पामलका भोजपुर 664962 3846 551 168690 124198 50655 343543 175823 136330 9266 321419 22675
98 रार्प्रसाद राई गाउाँ पामलका भोजपुर 566449 3076 6727 168217 94103 38149 300469 139275 112645 14060 265980 41216
99 अरुण गाउाँ पामलका भोजपुर 585828 591 5602 158464 108221 40157 306842 168595 103786 6605 278986 33458
100 पौवादुङर्ा गाउाँ पामलका भोजपुर 509827 1767 6183 142250 91933 33484 267667 127111 107376 7673 242160 31690
101 साल्पामसमलछो गाउाँ पामलका भोजपुर 484182 12571 4800 221116 1400 35813 258329 113314 93088 19451 225853 37276
102 आर्चोक गाउाँ पामलका भोजपुर 606366 13720 5426 175389 103133 36437 314959 158011 126999 6397 291407 28978
103 हतुवागढी गाउाँ पामलका भोजपुर 628031 6176 5197 177148 96358 45743 319249 156760 144171 7851 308782 15664
104 सोलुदध
ु कुण्ड नगरपामलका सोलुखुम्बु 898145 9717 31176 189015 168141 94033 451189 225568 205066 16322 446956 35409
105 थुलुङ दुधकोसी गाउाँ पामलका सोलुखुम्बु 666268 5088 6616 162581 133492 45406 341479 200437 122182 2170 324789 23306
106 खुम्वु पासाङल्हर्ु गाउाँ पामलका सोलुखुम्बु 513668 54781 1448 125801 69538 107609 302948 88605 107584 14531 210720 93676
107 र्ाप्य दुधकोशी गाउाँ पामलका सोलुखुम्बु 476468 14145 5819 130976 86594 26172 243742 124523 108203 0 232726 16835
108 नेचासल्यान गाउाँ पामलका सोलुखुम्बु 606937 14339 8439 134497 131243 39677 305417 196522 104675 323 301520 12336
109 र्ाहाकुलुङ गाउाँ पामलका सोलुखुम्बु 392447 11865 5760 142599 51428 16022 210049 45805 120852 15741 182398 33411
110 मलखु त्तपके गाउाँ पामलका सोलुखुम्बु 316460 9754 6002 100000 46251 18227 164478 71886 73454 6642 151982 18498
111 सोताङ गाउाँ पामलका सोलुखुम्बु 349542 3827 10885 115633 54355 6609 176597 91884 77954 3107 172945 14537
112 मसद्ददचरण नगरपामलका ओखलढु ूं गा 969584 22988 8746 210283 204959 78774 494016 284508 185263 5797 475568 27194
113 ख्रखक्जदे म्बा गाउाँ पामलका ओखलढु ूं गा 504683 36985 5246 145666 115881 670 262217 125070 105261 12135 242466 24997
114 चम्पादे वी गाउाँ पामलका ओखलढु ूं गा 611968 72956 5938 166343 145760 1095 313198 163300 133316 2154 298770 20366
115 गचशूंखुगढी गाउाँ पामलका ओखलढु ूं गा 597782 20706 5278 144488 157967 2380 304835 172927 111792 8228 292947 17166
116 र्ानेभञ्याङ गाउाँ पामलका ओखलढु ूं गा 654473 19061 7265 176795 159194 6513 342502 197034 111599 3338 311971 37796
117 र्ोलुङ गाउाँ पामलका ओखलढु ूं गा 543146 10553 4908 141081 141596 3667 286344 167810 86405 2587 256802 34450
118 मलखु गाउाँ पामलका ओखलढु ूं गा 508112 29102 5269 131922 125853 858 258633 132427 112339 4713 249479 14423
119 सुनकोशी गाउाँ पामलका ओखलढु ूं गा 597474 28554 5122 161997 151510 1132 314639 166742 110463 5630 282835 36926
120 हलेसी तुवाचुङ नगरपामलका खोटाङ 905989 45014 5252 233539 225999 13388 472926 256237 169315 7511 433063 45115
ददततेल रुपाकोट र्झुवागढी
खोटाङ 1352798 20904 23292 286530 382398 12828 681756 68415 213439 389188 671042 34006
121 नगरपामलका

a]?h" /sd
1 2 3 4 5(2+3+4) 6 7 8 9(6+7+8) 10(1+5-9)
122 ऐसेलुखकम गाउाँ पामलका खोटाङ 558765 4035 7906 148009 135735 2930 286674 157765 114326 0 272091 22489
123 रावा बेसी गाउाँ पामलका खोटाङ 433173 11695 4802 126509 104577 3177 234263 123707 75025 178 198910 40155
124 जन्तेढुूंगा गाउाँ पामलका खोटाङ 503766 15356 6441 144130 122072 2374 268576 133443 101747 0 235190 39827
125 खोटे हाङ गाउाँ पामलका खोटाङ 681647 7059 4800 181494 172572 1374 355440 203950 122257 0 326207 34033
126 केत्तपलासगढी गाउाँ पामलका खोटाङ 567824 9173 5623 156584 133935 394 290913 25095 113624 138192 276911 19625
127 ददप्रुङ चुइजुम्र्ा गाउाँ पामलका खोटाङ 632182 34603 5612 163750 166993 5924 336667 19999 103148 172368 295515 46764
128 साकेला गाउाँ पामलका खोटाङ 422065 15244 5758 113232 101792 47 215071 18667 91217 97110 206994 13835
129 वराहपोखरी गाउाँ पामलका खोटाङ 456805 5952 6413 139666 97723 184 237573 21745 100014 97473 219232 24754
130 कटारी नगरपामलका उदयपुर 1230770 185692 41292 346321 275695 21997 644013 321671 264084 1002 586757 98548
131 चौदण्डीगढी नगरपामलका उदयपुर 1041739 37673 33098 279584 159233 89830 528647 53512 221362 238218 513092 48653
132 बत्रयुगा नगरपामलका उदयपुर 1763227 83802 28871 434310 411196 55569 901075 797781 12735 51636 862152 67794
133 वेलका नगरपामलका उदयपुर 939334 38223 10584 286512 193153 9767 489432 284571 165216 115 449902 50114
134 उदयपुरगढी गाउाँ पामलका उदयपुर 743993 80504 6604 231416 163142 8366 402924 213012 127701 356 341069 68459
135 ताप्ली गाउाँ पामलका उदयपुर 431513 106598 6296 133672 95406 9944 239022 184862 2700 4929 192491 52827
136 रौतार्ाई गाउाँ पामलका उदयपुर 570065 7695 4844 185602 114346 4749 304697 150132 113664 1572 265368 44173
137 मलम्चुङ्बुङ गाउाँ पामलका उदयपुर 407460 70127 0 118753 92801 1790 213344 116345 77771 0 194116 19228
प्रदे श नम्बर २ 91942397 6394491 2068143 26267320 18504564 5989160 50761044 20067670 16673614 4440069 41181353 11647834
138 राजत्तवराज नगरपामलका सप्तरी 1090930 104079 15774 278649 266032 66429 611110 300826 149836 29158 479820 147064
139 कञ्चनरुप नगरपामलका सप्तरी 806044 20196 20975 209484 145671 113969 469124 327885 4919 4116 336920 153179
140 डातनेश्वरी नगरपामलका सप्तरी 866755 145794 1206 237014 191106 35040 463160 222406 181189 0 403595 60771
141 बोदे बरसाईन नगरपामलका सप्तरी 748847 17852 18607 227406 184185 29777 441368 216808 87089 3582 307479 152496
142 खडक नगरपामलका सप्तरी 828847 6650 5355 241767 126326 87328 455421 370332 600 2494 373426 87350
143 शम्भुनाथ नगरपामलका सप्तरी 812448 34285 6774 224434 105252 86292 415978 395040 585 845 396470 26282
144 सुरुङ्गा नगरपामलका सप्तरी 864781 5709 7168 244883 136726 73374 454983 408683 600 515 409798 52353
हनुर्ाननगर कङ्कामलनी
सप्तरी 1758710 118596 12399 255631 107374 551540 914545 401246 22339 420580 844165 82779
146 सप्तकोशी नगरपामलका सप्तरी 457950 55350 24003 150000 58312 40922 249234 205618 604 2494 208716 64521
अक्ग्नसाइर कृष्ट्णासवरन
सप्तरी 534866 27365 5060 171413 77714 50076 299203 234131 600 932 235663 68600
148 नछन्नर्स्ता गाउाँ पामलका सप्तरी 508192 62546 11082 163158 97157 36777 297092 121739 89240 121 211100 97074
149 र्हादे वा गाउाँ पामलका सप्तरी 534468 64673 12142 160105 101419 17479 279003 130446 125002 17 255465 35680
150 नतरहुत गाउाँ पामलका सप्तरी 419831 67187 4997 138022 47764 44991 230777 188555 499 0 189054 46720
151 नतलाठी कोईलाडी गाउाँ पामलका सप्तरी 607223 43076 4215 173068 135888 38633 347589 181625 73684 4325 259634 92170
152 रुपनी गाउाँ पामलका सप्तरी 520959 35835 6713 158668 68852 43212 270732 120845 129382 0 250227 27218
153 राजगढ गाउाँ पामलका सप्तरी 546195 77022 8232 170948 114346 16891 302185 150688 93322 0 244010 66407
154 बबष्ट्णुपुर गाउाँ पामलका सप्तरी 470721 44860 5796 131206 101271 5547 238024 118379 108944 5374 232697 11123
155 बलान-बबहुल गाउाँ पामलका सप्तरी 452974 38281 593 149173 41189 50016 240378 203403 9193 0 212596 28375
156 लहान नगरपामलका मसराहा 1374134 18849 58095 214980 414064 167962 797006 414696 142092 20340 577128 277973
157 धनगढीर्ाई नगरपामलका मसराहा 797868 17953 34602 259664 103418 75325 438407 235630 120906 2925 359461 113548
158 मसरहा नगरपामलका मसराहा 1402372 126744 53595 348941 389363 40429 778733 416012 201899 5728 623639 208689
159 गोलबजार नगरपामलका मसराहा 872113 25271 34883 263132 127695 79381 470208 37055 166192 198658 401905 103186
160 मर्चैयााँ नगरपामलका मसराहा 841196 111210 37642 247901 107574 115936 471411 42213 127641 199931 369785 139268
161 कल्याणपुर नगरपामलका मसराहा 836835 44891 18143 245659 196654 6924 449237 219462 167757 379 387598 79782
162 कजमन्हा नगरपामलका मसराहा 487587 34395 5849 184002 63886 53500 301388 122283 63916 0 186199 121038

a]?h" /sd
1 2 3 4 5(2+3+4) 6 7 8 9(6+7+8) 10(1+5-9)
163 सुखीपुर नगरपामलका मसराहा 784031 39894 15011 197365 103279 111829 412473 222583 148975 0 371558 55926
164 भगवानपुर गाउाँ पामलका मसराहा 424234 11561 11358 135723 46211 43348 225282 26172 95782 76998 198952 37688
165 औरही गाउाँ पामलका मसराहा 375477 21360 9139 136452 53050 51807 241309 59305 17693 57170 134168 116280
166 त्तवष्ट्णुपुर गाउाँ पामलका मसराहा 365957 52654 6742 119594 52694 36274 208562 99442 56967 986 157395 57909
167 बररयारपट्टी गाउाँ पामलका मसराहा 493575 35952 12397 144254 74312 49826 268392 66577 110919 47687 225183 55606
168 लक्ष्र्ीपुर पतारी गाउाँ पामलका मसराहा 483982 22369 8943 151002 71854 45160 268016 23461 75748 116757 215966 60993
169 नरहा गाउाँ पामलका मसराहा 374266 54272 18968 122775 77582 277 200634 93368 80264 0 173632 45970
सखुवानान्कारकट्टी
मसराहा 389443 2419 5818 119945 52246 34243 206434 22674 74195 86140 183009 29243
171 अनमर्ा गाउाँ पामलका मसराहा 381110 33107 10483 139864 54533 38189 232586 26693 76847 44984 148524 94545
172 नवराजपुर गाउाँ पामलका मसराहा 377302 9426 6031 119270 50698 35515 205483 24506 61307 86006 171819 39695
जनकपुरधार्
धनुषा 2767143 258477 72218 490231 299355 674623 1464209 90786 251688 960460 1302934 233493
173 उपर्हानगरपामलका
174 क्षक्षरे श्वरनाथ नगरपामलका धनुषा 685877 14809 46132 204442 75075 84042 363559 140956 176309 5053 322318 87373
गणेशर्ान चारनाथ
धनुषा 710246 10696 45273 236661 78621 84484 399766 143929 148828 17723 310480 134559
176 धनुषाधार् नगरपामलका धनुषा 585110 48631 16936 227623 97828 24295 349746 106410 126517 2437 235364 131318
177 नगराइन नगरपामलका धनुषा 465665 49106 15227 184873 74205 12337 271415 30924 95087 68239 194250 92392
178 त्तवदे ह नगरपामलका धनुषा 553193 45902 24803 167416 142951 4955 315322 119237 115677 2957 237871 102254
179 मर्गथला नगरपामलका धनुषा 864576 37482 29767 255424 120020 88307 463751 214268 174843 11714 400825 92693
180 शहीदनगर नगरपामलका धनुषा 756170 96760 36856 222094 177140 9135 408369 239768 108033 0 347801 97424
181 सबैला नगरपामलका धनुषा 685573 75532 25061 237367 102734 82109 422210 1414 255991 5958 263363 183908
182 कर्ला नगरपामलका धनुषा 467864 24180 19461 202731 70257 61681 334669 75825 0 57370 133195 220935
183 मर्गथला बबहारी नगरपामलका धनुषा 578061 42637 39684 180633 115826 68196 364655 132765 71639 9002 213406 190933
184 हूंसपुर नगरपामलका धनुषा 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
185 जनकनक्न्दनी गाउाँ पामलका धनुषा 415167 28565 23552 140032 105075 158 245265 109883 60019 0 169902 98915
186 बटे श्वर गाउाँ पामलका धनुषा 342898 6410 14370 125415 57737 24416 207568 11056 41444 82830 135330 86608
र्ुख्रखयापट्टी र्ुसहरमर्या
धनुषा 466884 59377 7780 140953 44706 53174 238833 112417 115368 266 228051 18562
188 लक्ष्र्ीननया गाउाँ पामलका धनुषा 489929 28871 14207 152936 62777 49068 264781 130168 54395 40585 225148 53840
189 औरही गाउाँ पामलका धनुषा 423257 60766 21461 130788 94003 224 225015 88655 109379 208 198242 48234
190 धनौजी गाउाँ पामलका धनुषा 384073 22951 0 123231 79258 10510 212999 81170 89904 0 171074 41925
191 जलेश्वर नगरपामलका र्होिरी 968842 57686 18973 243107 178198 120852 542157 238246 187687 752 426685 134445
192 बददम बास नगरपामलका र्होिरी 1183515 10039 15159 337097 287796 45533 670426 309845 196789 6455 513089 172496
193 गौशाला नगरपामलका र्होिरी 971703 168002 19512 318169 182235 25685 526089 239238 197330 9046 445614 99987
194 लोहरपट्टी नगरपामलका र्होिरी 665573 12923 6035 204751 146546 3172 354469 147168 148681 15255 311104 49400
195 रार्गोपालपुर नगरपामलका र्होिरी 512772 37046 5804 165288 99123 3043 267454 139486 105610 222 245318 27940
196 र्नरा मशसवा नगरपामलका र्होिरी 758499 45559 6990 238746 180027 2640 421413 205775 130441 870 337086 91317
197 र्दटहानी नगरपामलका र्होिरी 463072 25220 8871 164867 59888 43892 268647 96744 96744 937 194425 83093
198 भाँगाहा नगरपामलका र्होिरी 718862 36732 26733 230210 98110 89387 417707 140634 148997 11524 301155 143285
199 बलवा नगरपामलका र्होिरी 610033 27595 17163 210549 71244 55835 337628 124534 147871 0 272405 82386
200 औरही नगरपामलका र्होिरी 539217 9321 6484 175029 118795 5757 299581 106487 117812 15337 239636 66429
201 एकडारा गाउाँ पामलका र्होिरी 459727 35646 7788 152794 62319 49774 264887 124638 68924 1278 194840 77835
202 सोनर्ा गाउाँ पामलका र्होिरी 571715 47208 12210 198027 116191 2749 316967 113689 138675 2384 254748 74429

a]?h" /sd
1 2 3 4 5(2+3+4) 6 7 8 9(6+7+8) 10(1+5-9)
203 साम्सी गाउाँ पामलका र्होिरी 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
204 र्होिरी गाउाँ पामलका र्होिरी 407675 46532 8081 148941 90442 11437 250820 106522 49523 810 156855 102046
205 त्तपपरा गाउाँ पामलका र्होिरी 634769 39347 1542 176873 167946 5046 349865 176192 102702 6010 284904 66503
206 ईश्वरपुर नगरपामलका सलामही 870360 931 26196 299748 205740 19333 524821 221898 108341 15300 345539 205478
207 र्लूंगवा नगरपामलका सलामही 878459 89201 15536 204989 213072 17305 435366 248918 193522 653 443093 7809
208 लालबन्दी नगरपामलका सलामही 1082941 32248 19517 309758 257385 35274 602417 277949 164657 37918 480524 141410
209 हररपुर नगरपामलका सलामही 566486 34380 8151 203641 126908 2211 332760 129309 104342 75 233726 107185
210 हररपुवाम नगरपामलका सलामही 490323 38573 6762 183082 101492 4691 289265 103673 75399 21986 201058 94969
211 हररवन नगरपामलका सलामही 790445 16135 28211 217907 177132 26536 421575 197547 170552 771 368870 80916
212 बरहथवा नगरपामलका सलामही 1044934 103610 19980 335364 217056 23274 575694 222791 240948 5501 469240 126434
213 बलरा नगरपामलका सलामही 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
214 गोडैटा नगरपामलका सलामही 839696 246824 23965 238646 107686 74558 420890 181832 236974 0 418806 26049
215 बागर्ती नगरपामलका सलामही 738095 567 1094 226919 130902 13054 370875 145282 221709 229 367220 4749
216 कत्तवलासी नगरपामलका सलामही 590020 68379 9096 214399 138828 6404 359631 163038 66930 421 230389 138338
217 चक्रघट्टा गाउाँ पामलका सलामही 403568 66163 8525 160534 95964 1306 257804 62776 41721 41267 145764 120565
218 चन्द्रनगर गाउाँ पामलका सलामही 512466 19810 15734 181589 103842 19097 304528 122142 78525 7271 207938 112324
219 धनकौल गाउाँ पामलका सलामही 416095 177961 7109 160471 75730 2412 238613 83047 94435 0 177482 68240
220 ब्रह्र्पुरी गाउाँ पामलका सलामही 542761 19412 9799 165591 123498 2285 291374 134920 116119 348 251387 49786
221 रार्नगर गाउाँ पामलका सलामही 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
222 त्तवष्ट्णु गाउाँ पामलका सलामही 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
223 कौडेना गाउाँ पामलका सलामही 411006 68 0 147773 49481 41879 239133 97304 74569 0 171873 67260
224 पसाम गाउाँ पामलका सलामही 358694 21843 112 130904 75580 1751 208235 76990 73469 0 150459 57888
225 बसबरीया गाउाँ पामलका सलामही 348793 12290 0 140521 69921 1387 211829 86753 49436 775 136964 74865
226 चन्द्रपुर नगरपामलका रौतहट 1173005 45047 41819 330992 295901 20026 646919 287600 235903 2583 526086 162652
227 गरुडा नगरपामलका रौतहट 806901 35798 12341 229996 191929 10063 431988 180558 194355 0 374913 69416
228 गौर नगरपामलका रौतहट 796510 35386 45619 169038 200036 28770 397844 139600 113821 145245 398666 44797
229 बौधीर्ाई नगरपामलका रौतहट 582683 60887 5686 190966 49258 85603 325827 121437 135371 48 256856 74657
230 बन्ृ दावन नगरपामलका रौतहट 735751 89585 4804 231779 149392 9192 390363 113013 231779 596 345388 49779
231 दे वाही गोनाही नगरपामलका रौतहट 590856 98980 5087 179007 112879 3811 295697 46888 132122 116149 295159 5625
232 गढीर्ाई नगरपामलका रौतहट 797496 141230 0 213114 212440 674 426228 197485 173783 0 371268 54960
233 गुजरा नगरपामलका रौतहट 824790 3811 9612 259842 159211 5927 424980 31145 211332 157333 399810 34782
234 कटहररया नगरपामलका रौतहट 650525 62631 6648 201103 135891 5270 342264 27156 142486 138619 308261 40651
235 र्ाधव नारायण नगरपामलका रौतहट 528230 63052 4921 191924 162972 8708 363604 20965 138383 5278 164626 203899
236 र्ौलापुर नगरपामलका रौतहट 585917 13394 8967 162552 111724 15043 289319 29302 144311 122985 296598 1688
237 फतुवाबबजयपुर नगरपामलका रौतहट 702828 22862 7769 211006 153666 435 365107 184297 142068 11356 337721 35155
238 ईशनाथ नगरपामलका रौतहट 774330 190211 10507 205577 183267 0 388844 195276 190210 0 385486 13865
239 परोहा नगरपामलका रौतहट 657065 8585 6768 195615 134874 23763 354252 117170 123215 62428 302813 58207
240 राजपुर नगरपामलका रौतहट 658126 49784 5662 204651 152079 4522 361252 81506 81339 134029 296874 70040
241 राजदे वी नगरपामलका रौतहट 708364 67976 0 170005 191964 5875 367844 155930 172924 11666 340520 27324
242 दुगाम भगवती गाउाँ पामलका रौतहट 472122 73897 4944 130238 123836 264 254338 29717 73926 114141 217784 41498
243 यर्ुनार्ाई गाउाँ पामलका रौतहट 583247 44437 0 130171 55776 107641 293588 183448 94500 11711 289659 3929
244 कलैया उपर्हानगरपामलका वारा 1902535 44201 12823 461434 275373 256925 993732 547478 361325 0 908803 97752
जीतपुर मसर्रा
वारा 1531340 35827 32379 488657 359725 28164 876546 225108 322291 107395 654794 254131

a]?h" /sd
1 2 3 4 5(2+3+4) 6 7 8 9(6+7+8) 10(1+5-9)
246 कोल्हवी नगरपामलका वारा 802139 166892 15562 233940 170207 6863 411010 202035 176435 12659 391129 35443
247 ननजगढ नगरपामलका वारा 839430 32119 15305 231888 117103 96341 445332 150885 181213 62000 394098 66539
248 र्हागढीर्ाई नगरपामलका वारा 841510 41735 27415 245447 127991 82345 455783 224488 144630 16609 385727 97471
249 मसम्रौनगढ नगरपामलका वारा 796525 38118 19983 231945 205400 9968 447313 39674 143163 166375 349212 118084
250 पचरौता नगरपामलका वारा 583155 17319 11876 182202 137669 2579 322450 163082 97623 0 260705 73621
251 आदशम कोटवाल गाउाँ पामलका वारा 450138 8864 9545 208083 36168 6629 250880 94884 103092 1282 199258 61167
252 करै यार्ाई गाउाँ पामलका वारा 483606 12253 11804 152998 97997 2453 253448 107014 112553 10591 230158 35094
253 दे वताल गाउाँ पामलका वारा 432368 40236 8219 134021 85297 26857 246175 86958 90163 9072 186193 68201
254 परवानीपुर गाउाँ पामलका वारा 361921 9990 19875 124101 46324 31998 202423 95227 64271 0 159498 62800
255 प्रसौनी गाउाँ पामलका वारा 448399 15427 5069 142211 33636 70371 246218 114469 87712 0 202181 49106
256 फेटा गाउाँ पामलका वारा 444304 15724 5105 148344 95814 17774 261932 79313 73059 30000 182372 84665
257 बारागढीगाउाँ पामलका वारा 445515 1891 5862 156389 50685 39875 246949 89020 99943 9603 198566 54245
258 सुवणम गाउाँ पामलका वारा 472688 38878 13593 169285 66627 61045 296957 116070 56274 3387 175731 134819
259 त्तवश्रार्पुर गाउाँ पामलका वारा 418532 9063 0 129524 41721 72755 244000 89958 84451 123 174532 69468
260 बबरगूंज र्हानगरपामलका पसाम 6015141 341538 249262 658706 2289689 323381 3271776 862665 1803544 77156 2743365 777673
261 पोखररया नगरपामलका पसाम 605092 76154 18169 171137 146177 11153 328467 157869 114965 3791 276625 70011
262 बहुदरर्ाई नगरपामलका पसाम 473360 3065 8931 185753 122488 4459 312700 138932 21254 474 160660 160971
263 पसामगढी नगरपामलका पसाम 568616 31973 8393 208716 131258 3806 343780 146594 78018 224 224836 127337
264 ठोरी गाउाँ पामलका पसाम 548719 27385 6180 151584 138704 2508 292796 127739 128184 0 255923 43053
265 जगरनाथपुर गाउाँ पामलका पसाम 537064 36037 6606 174680 116002 1827 292509 117148 123096 4311 244555 54560
266 धोबीनी गाउाँ पामलका पसाम 370078 22547 7790 122337 85551 1975 209863 102272 55408 2535 160215 57438
267 नछपहरर्ाई गाउाँ पामलका पसाम 506244 41217 4257 147146 109116 2164 258426 98699 148847 272 247818 14865
268 पकाहा र्ैनपुर गाउाँ पामलका पसाम 364184 16604 8479 122075 82800 1314 206189 88639 69245 111 157995 56673
269 बबन्दबामसनी गाउाँ पामलका पसाम 413979 21534 5172 134543 101693 1346 237582 105846 70443 108 176397 66357
270 सखुवा प्रसौनी गाउाँ पामलका पसाम 532239 3683 11167 179000 123986 4736 307722 140302 84215 0 224517 94372
271 पटे वाम सुगौली गाउाँ पामलका पसाम 452121 6834 5458 151536 102974 2041 256551 123126 72444 0 195570 66439
272 कामलकार्ाई गाउाँ पामलका पसाम 368598 9578 0 124873 68198 14973 208044 91192 69285 77 160554 47490
273 क्जरा भवानी गाउाँ पामलका पसाम 419086 30166 0 142503 88754 1457 232714 92706 93358 308 186372 46342
प्रदे श नम्बर ३ 98392021 3485358 3848246 23416258 19726839 8609372 51752469 21223868 19375861 6039823 46639552 8961163
274 कर्लार्ाई नगरपामलका मसन्धुली 1765988 10315 49463 364997 336915 188701 890613 95997 301051 478327 875375 64701
275 दुधौली नगरपामलका मसन्धुली 1389653 26185 28865 372163 271039 53551 696753 337096 341241 14563 692900 32718
276 गोलन्जर गाउाँ पामलका मसन्धुली 621275 20305 5616 164455 110999 55835 331289 183288 93602 13096 289986 46919
277 घ्याङलेख गाउाँ पामलका मसन्धुली 401611 4621 6086 134494 86280 989 221763 22232 71713 85903 179848 48001
278 तीनपाटन गाउाँ पामलका मसन्धुली 980069 31910 6386 262084 225802 16934 504820 209002 202915 63332 475249 35957
279 फफतकल गाउाँ पामलका मसन्धुली 560828 29738 5980 154232 123649 8843 286724 147727 113691 12686 274104 18600
280 र्ररण गाउाँ पामलका मसन्धुली 674626 37824 5577 224012 117703 8781 350496 26921 168510 128699 324130 31943
281 सुनकोशी गाउाँ पामलका मसन्धुली 722423 10507 5117 175262 119900 73050 368212 31205 129188 193818 354211 19118
282 हररहरपुरगढी गाउाँ पामलका मसन्धुली 631057 7934 5213 228009 81926 33559 343494 28077 148078 111408 287563 61144
283 र्न्थली नगरपामलका रार्ेछाप 1219576 13577 33459 279009 335686 21694 636389 375303 191158 16726 583187 86661
284 रार्ेछाप नगरपामलका रार्ेछाप 888197 20034 24260 208982 156593 94630 460205 22514 163304 242174 427992 56473
285 उर्ाकुण्ड गाउाँ पामलका रार्ेछाप 604677 36365 5621 166334 143039 584 309957 82266 144335 68119 294720 20858
286 खााँडादे वी गाउाँ पामलका रार्ेछाप 787695 53286 4124 193946 213431 1209 408586 248760 129998 351 379109 33601
287 गोकुलगङ्गा गाउाँ पामलका रार्ेछाप 578478 13465 5026 155289 92360 60005 307654 117567 20022 133235 270824 41856
288 दोरम्बा गाउाँ पामलका रार्ेछाप 626672 10706 5160 173030 165112 1364 339506 105809 175344 6013 287166 57500

a]?h" /sd
1 2 3 4 5(2+3+4) 6 7 8 9(6+7+8) 10(1+5-9)
289 मलखु तार्ाकोशी गाउाँ पामलका रार्ेछाप 674230 46250 6792 174910 110229 51096 336235 178841 0 159154 337995 5032
290 सुनापती गाउाँ पामलका रार्ेछाप 555638 21787 5500 138723 155385 430 294538 172570 88530 0 261100 38938
291 क्जरी नगरपामलका दोलखा 526774 17819 19591 150000 122515 8986 281501 152158 93115 0 245273 55819
292 मभर्ेश्वर नगरपामलका दोलखा 909918 7401 20428 190187 182910 117253 490350 38896 129449 251223 419568 91210
293 कामलन्चोक गाउाँ पामलका दोलखा 617868 73244 6241 170334 150930 2410 323674 178626 113930 1638 294194 35721
294 गौरीशङ्कर गाउाँ पामलका दोलखा 613494 75085 6172 173389 131280 820 305489 131276 176358 371 308005 3656
295 तार्ाकोशी गाउाँ पामलका दोलखा 582453 3219 6556 140491 124725 41732 306948 31311 79155 165039 275505 37999
296 र्ेलुङ्ग गाउाँ पामलका दोलखा 558899 3340 5830 150949 91656 49401 292006 19177 111403 136313 266893 30943
297 त्तवगु गाउाँ पामलका दोलखा 635695 65715 6207 272512 35306 16130 323948 138497 169275 3975 311747 18408
298 वैतेश्वर गाउाँ पामलका दोलखा 551993 24686 7196 144306 134148 6646 285100 140912 123716 2265 266893 25403
299 शैलुङ्ग गाउाँ पामलका दोलखा 558899 2279 5830 150949 91656 49401 292006 19177 111403 136313 266893 30943
चौतारा सााँगाचोकगढी
मसन्धुपाल्चोक 1306269 9416 53950 252813 252304 137358 642475 424339 234321 5134 663794 32631
301 बाह्रत्तवसे नगरपामलका मसन्धुपाल्चोक 691085 47122 19500 170099 165634 10024 345757 140367 148985 55976 345328 19929
302 र्ेलम्ची नगरपामलका मसन्धुपाल्चोक 1156281 10016 55041 252105 285501 33318 570924 253272 250555 81530 585357 40608
303 ईन्द्रावती गाउाँ पामलका मसन्धुपाल्चोक 767584 6902 11785 183383 192229 9347 384959 260093 57846 64686 382625 14119
304 जुगल गाउाँ पामलका मसन्धुपाल्चोक 548076 14362 6352 167861 128168 3214 299243 152436 96397 0 248833 56762
पााँचपोखरी थाङपाल
मसन्धुपाल्चोक 576332 9804 367 164693 131253 863 296809 275611 0 3912 279523 17653
306 बलेफी गाउाँ पामलका मसन्धुपाल्चोक 511545 19431 10451 129452 129547 1130 260129 101763 98856 50797 251416 19164
307 भोटे कोशी गाउाँ पामलका मसन्धुपाल्चोक 479619 81604 13397 141422 96621 15116 253159 83375 109910 33175 226460 40096
308 मलसङ्खु पाखर गाउाँ पामलका मसन्धुपाल्चोक 470854 18524 7536 120521 127604 1444 249569 85849 84627 50809 221285 35820
309 सुनकोशी गाउाँ पामलका मसन्धुपाल्चोक 556725 10115 7487 125102 112320 41631 279053 271388 856 5428 277672 8868
310 हे लम्बु गाउाँ पामलका मसन्धुपाल्चोक 568689 758 7178 159286 83324 48715 291325 118256 108662 50446 277364 21139
311 बत्रपुरासुन्दरी गाउाँ पामलका मसन्धुपाल्चोक 427516 19008 11490 112530 109284 2081 223895 87519 76284 39818 203621 31764
312 धुमलखेल नगरपामलका काभ्रेपलान्चोक 895380 8159 25611 172223 250339 41292 463854 333608 90013 7905 431526 57939
313 बनेपा नगरपामलका काभ्रेपलान्चोक 1014539 26078 64366 223328 172718 142505 538551 82887 389880 3221 475988 126929
314 पनौती नगरपामलका काभ्रेपलान्चोक 1053415 5225 47876 216979 186238 175558 578775 306269 162248 6123 474640 152011
315 पााँचखाल नगरपामलका काभ्रेपलान्चोक 852165 5519 37799 207115 212338 32150 451603 239786 157089 3687 400562 88840
316 नर्ोबुद्ध नगरपामलका काभ्रेपलान्चोक 847177 1581 44525 176331 154066 89313 419710 244099 179458 3910 427467 36768
317 र्ण्डनदे उपुर नगरपामलका काभ्रेपलान्चोक 805724 9767 11547 184557 205352 52674 442583 228009 125397 9735 363141 90989
318 खानीखोला गाउाँ पामलका काभ्रेपलान्चोक 388794 9041 5352 124633 80490 16420 221543 85487 81764 0 167251 59644
319 चौंरीदे उराली गाउाँ पामलका काभ्रेपलान्चोक 661991 4613 8441 151657 191340 1865 344862 209398 107652 79 317129 36174
320 तेर्ाल गाउाँ पामलका काभ्रेपलान्चोक 598551 6749 7547 154828 169545 1179 325552 181903 91075 21 272999 60100
321 बेथानचोक गाउाँ पामलका काभ्रेपलान्चोक 468126 10690 0 117111 108511 42360 267982 129252 70892 0 200144 67838
322 भुम्लु गाउाँ पामलका काभ्रेपलान्चोक 545216 14883 7954 150837 151790 5246 307873 172864 64479 0 237343 78484
323 र्हाभारत गाउाँ पामलका काभ्रेपलान्चोक 454951 26124 4833 152006 81532 22044 255582 124077 75292 0 199369 61046
324 रोशी गाउाँ पामलका काभ्रेपलान्चोक 830813 18673 9908 203352 165217 55856 424425 245936 159964 488 406388 27945
325 लमलतपुर र्हानगरपामलका लमलतपुर 4118098 484310 513888 560747 352598 1301210 2214555 283645 1129659 490239 1903543 824900
326 गोदावरी नगरपामलका लमलतपुर 1309964 55189 62249 299684 330183 87650 717517 414211 175715 2521 592447 187319
327 र्हालक्ष्र्ी नगरपामलका लमलतपुर 902915 61699 70632 203934 197674 110223 511831 255402 134267 1415 391084 191379
328 कोन्ज्योसोर् गाउाँ पामलका लमलतपुर 339430 26608 6213 100000 68282 15628 183910 90974 50933 13613 155520 34603
329 बागर्ती गाउाँ पामलका लमलतपुर 527452 12103 4956 115587 147316 4051 266954 155706 95360 9432 260498 11412
330 र्हाङ्काल गाउाँ पामलका लमलतपुर 397421 29134 5620 100000 98970 842 199812 125293 72316 0 197609 7823

a]?h" /sd
1 2 3 4 5(2+3+4) 6 7 8 9(6+7+8) 10(1+5-9)
331 चााँगुनारायण नगरपामलका भततपुर 1257827 64482 128547 222843 262567 170383 655793 320277 231024 50733 602034 182306
332 भततपुर नगरपामलका भततपुर 2251457 57528 124853 178795 332779 723127 1234701 404450 205912 406394 1016756 342798
333 र्ध्यपुर गथर्ी नगरपामलका भततपुर 1035789 7322 215811 202991 120085 243415 566491 136157 311197 21944 469298 313004
334 सयमत्तवनायक नगरपामलका भततपुर 1215323 36365 117257 247750 257970 116946 622666 335109 256721 827 592657 147266
335 काठर्ाण्डौं र्हानगरपामलका काठर्ाण्डौ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
कागेश्वरी र्नोहरा
काठर्ाण्डौ 1027093 17318 124903 198645 209552 184315 592512 256814 169472 8295 434581 282834
337 कीनतमपुर नगरपामलका काठर्ाण्डौ 987749 101702 93891 185374 220182 101189 506745 241348 232784 6872 481004 119632
338 गोकणेश्वर नगरपामलका काठर्ाण्डौ 1257080 61915 73881 319521 192240 163572 675333 258274 306061 17412 581747 167467
339 चन्द्रागगरी नगरपामलका काठर्ाण्डौ 1375846 54556 114654 275840 203421 192315 671576 369388 331505 3377 704270 81960
340 टोखा नगरपामलका काठर्ाण्डौ 961473 17897 20047 240000 93817 226768 560585 207642 184897 8349 400888 179744
341 तारकेश्वर नगरपामलका काठर्ाण्डौ 1288033 23465 145705 434719 53367 217941 706027 512232 48623 21151 582006 269726
342 दक्षक्षणकाली नगरपामलका काठर्ाण्डौ 652066 48967 8953 150000 158559 19574 328133 203936 111348 8649 323933 13153
343 नागाजुन
म नगरपामलका काठर्ाण्डौ 1121674 26653 49894 212157 173300 174890 560347 260285 293011 8031 561327 48914
344 बुढाननलकण्ठ नगरपामलका काठर्ाण्डौ 1468212 60225 39404 294865 132992 294564 722421 42104 252761 450926 745791 16034
345 शङ्खरापुर नगरपामलका काठर्ाण्डौ 774497 16619 54476 150000 182143 58405 390548 198514 183531 1904 383949 61075
346 त्तवदुर नगरपामलका नुवाकोट 1328072 21206 61693 262443 249808 200950 713201 368601 179578 66692 614871 160023
347 बेलकोटगढी नगरपामलका नुवाकोट 906870 40654 17976 242355 167919 79871 490145 42406 130683 243636 416725 91396
348 ककनी गाउाँ पामलका नुवाकोट 647360 16756 8753 164810 105453 78053 348316 75548 122016 101480 299044 58025
349 फकस्पाङ गाउाँ पामलका नुवाकोट 439326 150 3416 118871 104801 2554 226226 124083 81127 7890 213100 16542
350 तादी गाउाँ पामलका नुवाकोट 504412 85977 1746 132383 129385 7258 269026 140658 94728 0 235386 35386
351 तारकेश्वर गाउाँ पामलका नुवाकोट 442817 17608 5576 122985 116319 1279 240583 139446 62248 540 202234 43925
352 दुप्चेश्वर गाउाँ पामलका नुवाकोट 502156 38798 9545 163633 94902 10958 269493 112707 119228 728 232663 46375
353 पञ्चकन्या गाउाँ पामलका नुवाकोट 445147 25567 9084 115111 105992 2235 223338 128173 92859 777 221809 10613
354 मलखु गाउाँ पामलका नुवाकोट 326941 4954 5888 116877 67738 1566 186181 85685 55075 0 140760 51309
355 म्यागङ गाउाँ पामलका नुवाकोट 461126 8970 6546 115702 70472 41203 227377 88021 109629 36099 233749 174
356 मशवपुरी गाउाँ पामलका नुवाकोट 643216 42258 11594 156000 170699 6248 332947 193708 112611 3950 310269 34272
357 सुयग
म ढी गाउाँ पामलका नुवाकोट 441277 5038 7845 117696 69104 44895 231695 87380 77584 44618 209582 29958
358 उिरगया गाउाँ पामलका रसुवा 351815 4359 5893 100000 83676 1211 184887 104301 57862 4765 166928 23852
359 कामलका गाउाँ पामलका रसुवा 376540 8645 4484 101837 93769 4587 200193 115796 60431 120 176347 28330
360 गोसाईकुण्ड गाउाँ पामलका रसुवा 380995 39138 6701 115349 92402 1393 209144 100389 71462 0 171851 43994
361 नौकुण्ड गाउाँ पामलका रसुवा 383764 2997 6961 117699 82309 1612 201620 111967 69909 268 182144 26437
362 आर्ाछोददङर्ो गाउाँ पामलका रसुवा 308932 39028 6664 100000 80675 244 180919 65324 62689 0 128013 59570
363 धुनीबेंशी नगरपामलका धाददङ 658050 9293 23882 178205 167273 16961 362439 194376 100736 499 295611 90710
364 ननलकण्ठ नगरपामलका धाददङ 1333191 10726 47040 298979 366921 48016 713916 446300 164690 8285 619275 141681
365 खननयाबास गाउाँ पामलका धाददङ 377256 2085 10365 117226 91879 1243 210348 15311 59718 91879 166908 53805
366 गजुरी गाउाँ पामलका धाददङ 649422 2696 14554 188892 133125 22221 344238 162219 142665 300 305184 53608
367 गल्छी गाउाँ पामलका धाददङ 611104 573 10283 170566 136916 19307 326789 150942 124478 8895 284315 52757
368 गङ्गाजर्ुना गाउाँ पामलका धाददङ 624743 5990 11105 165864 164002 7960 337826 20744 104802 161371 286917 62014
369 ज्वालार्खी गाउाँ पामलका धाददङ 655405 537 7113 167039 167912 10234 345185 191823 118162 235 310220 42078
370 थाक्रे गाउाँ पामलका धाददङ 755017 339 21656 188078 164895 52496 405469 176472 136171 36905 349548 77577
371 नेत्रावती डबजोङ गाउाँ पामलका धाददङ 412743 8457 9963 124744 91460 7776 223980 22446 73326 92991 188763 45180
372 बेनीघाट रोराङ्ग गाउाँ पामलका धाददङ 807760 1109 7469 214248 173109 21132 408489 29321 199204 170746 399271 16687
373 रुवी भ्याली गाउाँ पामलका धाददङ 334309 0 10925 119578 73040 478 193096 14138 55027 72048 141213 62808

a]?h" /sd
1 2 3 4 5(2+3+4) 6 7 8 9(6+7+8) 10(1+5-9)
374 मसद्धलेक गाउाँ पामलका धाददङ 649014 1860 3512 156349 157257 9549 323155 170241 148935 6683 325859 808
375 बत्रपुरासुन्दरी गाउाँ पामलका धाददङ 660586 36800 14933 185365 167410 6702 359477 183133 117976 0 301109 73301
376 हे टौडा उपर्हानगरपामलका र्कवानपुर 2871031 19904 103105 525594 635400 394372 1555366 309298 834176 172191 1315665 342806
377 थाहा नगरपामलका र्कवानपुर 934304 13103 21432 238476 234752 11010 484238 254343 187702 8021 450066 55604
378 इन्द्रसरोबर गाउाँ पामलका र्कवानपुर 371680 212 8010 111822 79193 5130 196145 89467 79503 6565 175535 28620
379 कैलाश गाउाँ पामलका र्कवानपुर 591441 99 14626 192892 123740 1862 318494 126501 137375 9071 272947 60173
380 बकैया गाउाँ पामलका र्कवानपुर 852346 12620 14048 269723 186491 2220 458434 208541 174862 10509 393912 78570
381 बाग्र्नत गाउाँ पामलका र्कवानपुर 686936 2224 8523 228247 99741 46273 374261 140955 159548 12172 312675 70109
382 मभर्फेदी गाउाँ पामलका र्कवानपुर 609666 1414 8239 179027 114633 37445 331105 146903 118546 13112 278561 60783
383 र्कवानपुरगढी गाउाँ पामलका र्कवानपुर 648882 2269 6465 168569 114164 46873 329606 143475 154316 21485 319276 16795
384 र्नहरी गाउाँ पामलका र्कवानपुर 784800 20940 9062 228012 102175 86793 416980 153189 193135 21496 367820 58222
385 राक्तसराङ्ग गाउाँ पामलका र्कवानपुर 610803 6909 7150 204048 117350 3277 324675 142320 143292 516 286128 45697
386 भरतपुर र्हानगरपामलका गचतवन 4762191 146715 326205 799798 1088301 569866 2457965 1315618 865298 123310 2304226 479944
387 कामलका नगरपामलका गचतवन 931786 102823 34730 236593 241802 295 478690 60363 392633 100 453096 60324
388 खैरहनी नगरपामलका गचतवन 1113367 65799 55989 241298 238313 81112 560723 234519 317112 1013 552644 64068
389 र्ाडी नगरपामलका गचतवन 1114504 179400 43326 387403 75554 111263 574220 90139 450145 0 540284 77262
390 रत्ननगर नगरपामलका गचतवन 1329032 23514 35370 268678 288089 104663 661430 357111 305397 5094 667602 29198
391 राप्ती नगरपामलका गचतवन 1146221 53654 21552 297214 262565 34588 594367 263028 249972 38854 551854 64065
392 इच्छाकार्ना गाउाँ पामलका गचतवन 628163 25373 8826 179256 141518 8393 329167 181630 117157 209 298996 38997
गण्डकी प्रदे श 65761160 1774296 1360508 15643389 14885460 3579562 34108411 16848374 13645700 1158675 31652749 3816170
393 गोरखा नगरपामलका गोरखा 1211968 3363 44919 245765 323612 40541 609918 359543 238435 4072 602050 52787
394 पालुङटार नगरपामलका गोरखा 1074040 14233 33144 217913 316498 28440 562851 346779 162671 1739 511189 84806
395 बारपाक सुलीकोट गाउाँ पामलका गोरखा 705328 13473 7179 192298 185228 1779 379305 226734 99289 0 326023 60461
396 मसरानचोक गाउाँ पामलका गोरखा 718244 7897 6972 163048 229588 3442 396078 262993 58891 282 322166 80884
397 अक्जरकोट गाउाँ पामलका गोरखा 538480 82737 6516 136608 187811 1206 325625 152072 60759 24 212855 119286
398 आरूघाट गाउाँ पामलका गोरखा 649747 2659 7802 183259 167735 1725 352719 193092 103172 764 297028 63493
399 गण्डकी गाउाँ पामलका गोरखा 672353 3583 5418 160581 185161 4941 350683 212363 106441 2866 321670 34431
400 चुर्नुव्री गाउाँ पामलका गोरखा 347724 5301 5786 182440 17108 930 200478 75046 72200 0 147246 59018
401 धाचे गाउाँ पामलका गोरखा 472056 9707 5167 208777 39751 1354 249882 104360 117814 0 222174 32875
402 मभर्सेनथापा गाउाँ पामलका गोरखा 635834 1322 4748 285397 60165 1378 346940 214121 74773 0 288894 62794
403 शदहद लखन गाउाँ पामलका गोरखा 773080 37199 11030 175621 221451 5231 402303 249373 121042 362 370777 42556
404 बेसीशहर नगरपामलका लर्जुङ 931863 4689 19269 210515 258376 17186 486077 281730 164056 0 445786 59560
405 र्ध्यनेपाल नगरपामलका लर्जुङ 756549 2127 24627 163472 222383 4474 390329 243219 122467 534 366220 48736
406 राइमनास नगरपामलका लर्जुङ 655845 2643 15779 150000 178659 4145 332804 202847 120014 180 323041 25542
407 सुन्दरबजार नगरपामलका लर्जुङ 765389 6307 16188 158946 239487 6728 405161 280031 80197 0 360228 61121
408 तव्होलासोथार गाउाँ पामलका लर्जुङ 392809 1076 6273 117355 75653 2472 195480 184558 12713 58 197329 4424
409 दधपोखरी गाउाँ पामलका लर्जुङ 425070 6329 7209 113705 113705 1313 228723 126227 63690 6430 196347 39585
410 दोदी गाउाँ पामलका लर्जुङ 640673 4335 5023 170569 173642 1038 345249 189552 105836 36 295424 54848
411 र्स्यामङदी गाउाँ पामलका लर्जुङ 691159 3065 5710 175738 187711 4217 367666 191987 119782 11724 323493 49883
412 भानु नगरपामलका तनहुाँ 1184983 8087 17363 248464 366066 16894 631424 260580 165334 127645 553559 95228
413 मभर्ाद नगरपामलका तनहुाँ 775869 503 32411 196883 205532 14539 416954 245521 113031 363 358915 90450
414 व्यास नगरपामलका तनहुाँ 2096699 22712 61087 322003 480954 274375 1077332 590223 367728 61416 1019367 119052
415 शुतलागण्डकी नगरपामलका तनहुाँ 1176897 8225 37274 246112 294862 73305 614279 345010 195637 21971 562618 88935
416 आाँबुखैरेनी गाउाँ पामलका तनहुाँ 454850 50774 10308 145187 85404 13425 244016 20254 188461 2119 210834 43490

a]?h" /sd
1 2 3 4 5(2+3+4) 6 7 8 9(6+7+8) 10(1+5-9)
417 ऋत्तषङ्ग गाउाँ पामलका तनहुाँ 717401 11556 16365 198407 182890 9077 390374 205876 117904 3247 327027 79712
418 नघररङ गाउाँ पामलका तनहुाँ 541896 9001 17889 154699 140860 4351 299910 134062 98482 9442 241986 75813
419 दे वघाट गाउाँ पामलका तनहुाँ 538840 0 12040 138018 91188 39401 268607 143422 126811 0 270233 10414
420 म्याग्दे गाउाँ पामलका तनहुाँ 548830 3106 10915 146364 97131 54286 297781 164682 82953 3414 251049 57647
421 वक्न्दपुर गाउाँ पामलका तनहुाँ 492977 38266 409 142133 102889 24565 269587 129641 93712 37 223390 46606
422 गल्याङ नगरपामलका स्याङजा 958159 33426 5380 198533 277091 17658 493282 325124 134239 5514 464877 33785
423 चापाकोट नगरपामलका स्याङजा 850831 20198 29655 173744 240438 8825 423007 266373 143847 17604 427824 24838
424 पुतलीबजार नगरपामलका स्याङजा 1330953 62954 39105 234605 395853 39203 669661 469201 191544 547 661292 47474
425 भीरकोट नगरपामलका स्याङजा 738261 5163 33433 158000 194347 12181 364528 240479 128250 5004 373733 24228
426 वामलङ नगरपामलका स्याङजा 1230315 12552 19014 251521 353686 28382 633589 363505 214979 18242 596726 55877
427 अजुन
म चौपारी गाउाँ पामलका स्याङजा 528697 12318 6729 113587 155042 3399 272028 163853 87409 5407 256669 22088
428 आाँगधखोला गाउाँ पामलका स्याङजा 596133 5014 6567 116407 189437 3702 309546 197594 79665 9328 286587 29526
429 कालीगण्डकी गाउाँ पामलका स्याङजा 627714 1938 6355 137084 188987 4776 330847 195689 96277 4901 296867 40335
430 फेदीखोला गाउाँ पामलका स्याङजा 466063 4421 7788 100000 139384 1712 241096 147444 65615 11908 224967 23917
431 बबरुवा गाउाँ पामलका स्याङजा 619393 4728 7377 140259 177698 4322 322279 188417 99118 9579 297114 32542
432 हररनास गाउाँ पामलका स्याङजा 510049 12934 5403 134970 143389 1414 279773 154363 72302 3611 230276 54900
433 पोखरा र्हानगरपामलका कास्की 7069415 456046 290238 1041788 783931 1650489 3476208 281539 3311668 0 3593207 173239
434 अन्नपणम गाउाँ पामलका कास्की 765030 1025 5011 189157 222195 14782 426134 249837 87046 2013 338896 92249
435 र्ाछापुच्रे गाउाँ पामलका कास्की 736011 7358 13623 332411 47927 4108 384446 225207 119263 7095 351565 46504
436 र्ादी गाउाँ पामलका कास्की 774453 10749 9079 177392 212137 8683 398212 247546 128135 560 376241 31050
437 रूपा गाउाँ पामलका कास्की 533598 7031 8697 119934 153918 3302 277154 152503 103581 360 256444 29407
438 चार्े गाउाँ पामलका र्नाङ 286656 8072 5114 100000 41273 10396 151669 55573 79414 0 134987 21796
439 नापाम भमर् गाउाँ पामलका र्नाङ 210893 1148 4849 100000 12504 4645 117149 25371 63256 5117 93744 28254
440 नासों गाउाँ पामलका र्नाङ 331174 338 5857 100000 59694 8699 168393 92159 65720 4902 162781 11469
441 र्नाङ ङङस्याङ गाउाँ पामलका र्नाङ 330003 12593 823 100000 61837 22379 184216 77389 63416 4982 145787 39252
442 घरपझोङ गाउाँ पामलका र्ुस्ताङ 371552 2598 7048 100000 74379 13712 188091 137253 28304 17904 183461 11678
443 थासाङ गाउाँ पामलका र्ुस्ताङ 356681 1332 5834 100000 87624 2347 189971 100334 60543 5833 166710 29095
ल्हो-घेकर दार्ोदरकुण्ड
र्ुस्ताङ 255917 735 7079 100000 25647 1322 126969 37500 77018 14430 128948 5100
445 लोर्न्थाङ गाउाँ पामलका र्ुस्ताङ 273877 1385 7404 100000 42841 1768 144609 41943 77258 10067 129268 22745
बारागुङ र्ुक्ततक्षेत्र
र्ुस्ताङ 302033 1456 6469 100000 56714 3106 159820 62979 67895 11339 142213 24076
447 बेनी नगरपामलका म्याग्दी 943658 24180 19622 180910 218951 85607 485468 308718 144421 5051 458190 46900
448 अन्नपणम गाउाँ पामलका म्याग्दी 568545 33538 6446 140494 160876 4979 306349 29313 69687 163196 262196 50599
449 धवलागगरी गाउाँ पामलका म्याग्दी 552760 9409 5667 165160 135171 2391 302722 145577 95837 8624 250038 58351
450 र्ूंगला गाउाँ पामलका म्याग्दी 555916 5644 6201 130618 155179 3518 289315 165275 91910 9416 266601 28915
451 र्ामलका गाउाँ पामलका म्याग्दी 594998 19635 5634 154352 95153 75604 325109 21999 80728 167162 269889 60854
452 रघुगूंगा गाउाँ पामलका म्याग्दी 594754 3724 5754 150831 155472 1442 307745 179973 94577 12459 287009 26490
453 कुश्र्ा नगरपामलका पवमत 1201779 30975 32724 215105 374936 10562 600603 440889 152987 7300 601176 32151
454 फलेवास नगरपामलका पवमत 884912 15658 6572 165054 279337 4926 449317 324318 111100 177 435595 20294
455 जलजला गाउाँ पामलका पवमत 656913 25720 5563 148485 184145 2613 335243 204731 116842 97 321670 19136
456 पैयूं गाउाँ पामलका पवमत 556240 19772 6170 112063 152225 23988 288276 162294 105625 45 267964 26482
457 र्हामशला गाउाँ पामलका पवमत 489110 13107 10410 100000 142861 2141 245002 24740 77525 141843 244108 11304
458 र्ोदी गाउाँ पामलका पवमत 742992 14160 9307 149422 222993 8086 380501 255176 103394 3921 362491 27317

a]?h" /sd
1 2 3 4 5(2+3+4) 6 7 8 9(6+7+8) 10(1+5-9)
459 त्तवहादी गाउाँ पामलका पवमत 510972 10846 6530 103250 156810 842 260902 161727 88343 0 250070 17362
460 बागलुङ नगरपामलका वाग्लुङ 1438023 209652 13991 297239 252693 199077 749009 348943 196164 143907 689014 73986
461 गल्कोट नगरपामलका वाग्लुङ 967886 11285 5412 397215 89543 10078 496836 279222 191828 0 471050 31198
462 जैर्नी नगरपामलका वाग्लुङ 970533 18442 7476 185961 222329 98474 506764 332762 130822 185 463769 50471
463 ढोरपाटन नगरपामलका वाग्लुङ 576598 27957 5356 190304 98189 2075 290568 122111 161844 2075 286030 9894
464 वरे ङ गाउाँ पामलका वाग्लुङ 491654 2273 5642 208206 46913 0 255119 137296 99239 0 236535 24226
465 काठे खोला गाउाँ पामलका वाग्लुङ 750478 25371 5550 157880 158660 68808 385348 229872 134970 288 365130 25768
466 तर्ानखोला गाउाँ पामलका वाग्लुङ 372269 10119 3095 110063 79393 2182 191638 90964 88494 1173 180631 14102
467 ताराखोला गाउाँ पामलका वाग्लुङ 400157 8067 5924 106438 100298 2681 209417 107839 82901 0 190740 24601
468 ननसीखोला गाउाँ पामलका वाग्लुङ 627287 66063 5430 266291 61689 859 328839 119067 179381 0 298448 35821
469 वङडगाड गाउाँ पामलका वाग्लुङ 771092 15053 4898 204286 192307 5960 402553 209472 157560 1507 368539 38912
470 कावासोती नगरपामलका नवलपरासी (पवम) 1353987 51819 30355 272440 176953 227684 677077 311787 359240 5883 676910 30522
471 गैडाकोट नगरपामलका नवलपरासी (पवम) 1070029 14260 39636 274792 225080 60307 560179 253452 256228 170 509850 89965
472 दे वचुली नगरपामलका नवलपरासी (पवम) 903959 2881 44236 225922 199859 35831 461612 238177 204155 15 442347 63501
473 र्ध्यत्तवन्दु नगरपामलका नवलपरासी (पवम) 1109102 5934 19615 281596 256803 31900 570299 255688 283115 0 538803 51111
474 बौदीकाली गाउाँ पामलका नवलपरासी (पवम) 486741 2684 5524 132265 107143 7778 247186 127301 112254 0 239555 13155
475 बुमलङटार गाउाँ पामलका नवलपरासी (पवम) 550653 16857 10289 152118 127860 2851 282829 142879 110643 14302 267824 25294
476 त्तवनयी बत्रवेणी गाउाँ पामलका नवलपरासी (पवम) 856047 5496 12069 222955 162608 59427 444990 186849 205911 18297 411057 46002
477 हुप्सेकोट गाउाँ पामलका नवलपरासी (पवम) 569802 1928 10659 172005 123558 4821 300384 94890 157918 16610 269418 41625
प्रदे श नम्बर ५ 92365536 3264808 2009950 24086478 16295997 7843111 48225586 20800780 18846907 4492263 44139950 6095586
478 र्ुमसकोट नगरपामलका गुल्र्ी 891286 43401 6073 197587 167579 91205 456371 186318 176550 72047 434915 27529
479 रे सुङ्गा नगरपामलका गुल्र्ी 670069 17223 122025 125548 156150 9682 291380 220035 157564 1090 378689 34716
480 ईस्र्ा गाउाँ पामलका गुल्र्ी 587143 7855 6003 152940 97907 51920 302767 178180 106098 98 284376 24394
481 कालीगण्डकी गाउाँ पामलका गुल्र्ी 580924 1567 8584 133090 117695 47966 298751 25543 96803 159827 282173 25162
482 गुल्र्ी दरबार गाउाँ पामलका गुल्र्ी 570733 339 6444 139434 100123 51645 291202 124669 103765 51097 279531 18115
483 सत्यवती गाउाँ पामलका गुल्र्ी 691981 28270 6347 161404 131463 57726 350593 215034 126093 261 341388 15552
484 चन्द्रकोट गाउाँ पामलका गुल्र्ी 647345 3592 6643 147190 124744 54442 326376 159709 112297 48963 320969 12050
485 रुरु गाउाँ पामलका गुल्र्ी 576205 7918 4800 123440 126627 45037 295104 189647 91384 70 281101 18803
486 छत्रकोट गाउाँ पामलका गुल्र्ी 589903 0 6117 137551 178640 4211 320402 195211 73718 572 269501 57018
487 धुकोट गाउाँ पामलका गुल्र्ी 692202 11644 5795 163045 129128 61686 353859 45553 101740 191050 338343 21311
488 र्दाने गाउाँ पामलका गुल्र्ी 609539 4847 7053 165042 105722 45483 316247 17107 127327 148858 293292 30008
489 र्ामलका गाउाँ पामलका गुल्र्ी 659535 39919 5733 165280 124113 52045 341438 27037 117178 173882 318097 29074
490 रार्पुर नगरपामलका पाल्पा 969472 30388 43528 205108 185438 92629 483175 294289 190572 1436 486297 40406
491 तानसेन नगरपामलका पाल्पा 1322703 7268 103315 238247 335739 99325 673311 370304 216292 62796 649392 127234
492 ननस्दी गाउाँ पामलका पाल्पा 698385 10836 5936 179961 141221 38090 359272 217293 114208 7612 339113 26095
493 पवमखोला गाउाँ पामलका पाल्पा 588395 9116 6731 145069 114365 43831 303265 176507 100134 8489 285130 24866
494 रम्भा गाउाँ पामलका पाल्पा 551742 12424 8315 134024 112788 45693 292505 173599 85638 0 259237 41583
495 र्ाथागढी गाउाँ पामलका पाल्पा 731053 12067 6988 187482 128230 55985 371697 204948 154408 359356 19329
496 नतनाउ गाउाँ पामलका पाल्पा 586861 8815 9515 151530 143198 10408 305136 163026 118699 0 281725 32926
497 बगनासकाली गाउाँ पामलका पाल्पा 666861 5866 7599 275116 51342 9233 335691 213555 117615 0 331170 12120
498 ररक्लदकोट गाउाँ पामलका पाल्पा 653316 13931 9549 145428 134119 54257 333804 203574 114707 1231 319512 23841
499 रै नादे वी छहरा गाउाँ पामलका पाल्पा 802096 36806 6363 187130 164950 55424 407504 24764 146950 222878 394592 19275
500 बुटवल उपर्हानगरपामलका रुपन्दे ही 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
501 दे वदह नगरपामलका रुपन्दे ही 949290 21155 39011 383673 95218 4710 483601 44666 212651 208372 465689 56923

a]?h" /sd
1 2 3 4 5(2+3+4) 6 7 8 9(6+7+8) 10(1+5-9)
लुक्म्बनी साूंस्कृनतक
रुपन्दे ही 1095442 107622 19698 330575 134350 96570 561495 257251 275861 835 533947 47246
503 सैनार्ैना नगरपामलका रुपन्दे ही 994009 12703 50750 256328 211096 58551 525975 268006 200028 0 468034 108691
504 मसद्धाथमनगर नगरपामलका रुपन्दे ही 3305224 160539 35831 229434 208027 1241749 1679210 322888 1246282 56844 1626014 89027
505 नतलोिर्ा नगरपामलका रुपन्दे ही 1709060 69029 192007 291043 270989 252340 814372 320438 574250 0 894688 111691
506 गैडहवा गाउाँ पामलका रुपन्दे ही 587928 16219 11838 203102 120797 3410 327309 83291 117480 59848 260619 78528
507 कन्चन गाउाँ पामलका रुपन्दे ही 621670 2193 7383 159163 99492 60475 319130 166902 135638 0 302540 23973
508 कोटहीर्ाई गाउाँ पामलका रुपन्दे ही 639978 22980 20493 209328 70518 54488 334334 65801 191781 48062 305644 49183
509 र्चमवारी गाउाँ पामलका रुपन्दे ही 587927 11179 11838 203102 67637 56570 327309 134744 59817 66057 260618 78529
510 र्ायादे वी गाउाँ पामलका रुपन्दे ही 750630 10048 29727 232473 86836 79101 398410 171329 178122 2769 352220 75917
511 ओर्सनतया गाउाँ पामलका रुपन्दे ही 578641 8697 18530 170560 107117 17025 294702 93581 170059 20299 283939 29293
512 रोदहणी गाउाँ पामलका रुपन्दे ही 675329 6485 11136 195819 136714 9401 341934 161324 159600 12471 333395 19675
513 सम्र्रीर्ाई गाउाँ पामलका रुपन्दे ही 641686 23270 9109 200636 137768 459 338863 99267 148660 54896 302823 45149
514 मसयारी गाउाँ पामलका रुपन्दे ही 713547 2831 23365 187949 110816 70211 368976 87595 157866 99110 344571 47770
515 शुद्धोधन गाउाँ पामलका रुपन्दे ही 650287 19977 22982 174087 123291 26774 324152 146623 173893 5619 326135 20999
516 कत्तपलवस्तु नगरपामलका कत्तपलबस्तु 1240115 11420 11062 342437 169941 134358 646736 328637 261111 3631 593379 64419
517 बुद्धभर्ी नगरपामलका कत्तपलबस्तु 1180391 38761 13649 345250 166937 124011 636198 213657 243578 86958 544193 105654
518 मशवराज नगरपामलका कत्तपलबस्तु 1016110 30150 30472 347603 151221 60562 559386 206922 245517 4285 456724 133134
519 र्हाराजगूंज नगरपामलका कत्तपलबस्तु 866793 49184 13199 283346 196628 10189 490163 371033 5597 0 376630 126732
520 कृष्ट्णनगर नगरपामलका कत्तपलबस्तु 1040627 123312 31735 298151 196691 91208 586050 446022 8555 0 454577 163208
521 बाणगूंगा नगरपामलका कत्तपलबस्तु 1505688 2221 36462 333859 392845 22799 749503 380300 353413 22472 756185 29780
522 र्ायादे वी गाउाँ पामलका कत्तपलबस्तु 748137 29599 7863 243985 156142 3517 403644 174173 170320 0 344493 67014
523 यसोधरा गाउाँ पामलका कत्तपलबस्तु 675537 7661 6993 209096 147899 2580 359575 153218 162532 212 315962 50606
524 सुद्धोधन गाउाँ पामलका कत्तपलबस्तु 683775 8743 8049 237048 68625 59861 365534 159194 159047 0 318241 55342
525 त्तवजयनगर गाउाँ पामलका कत्तपलबस्तु 734672 14351 8070 230355 129020 12336 371711 160747 200359 1855 362961 16820
526 सक्न्धखकम नगरपामलका अघामखााँची 1062660 3619 10360 219563 287785 27720 535068 327067 197434 3091 527592 17836
527 मशतगूंगा नगरपामलका अघामखााँची 1214073 40595 5851 318009 298957 9203 626169 332076 253661 2167 587904 44116
528 भमर्कास्थान नगरपामलका अघामखााँची 915148 124 5473 214741 248090 18630 481461 277126 132089 24472 433687 53247
529 छत्रदे व गाउाँ पामलका अघामखााँची 739659 13 2591 158584 212894 4889 376367 239258 123944 90 363292 15666
530 पाख्रणनी गाउाँ पामलका अघामखााँची 843715 7774 7539 184310 243840 4989 433139 248328 141490 20758 410576 30102
531 र्ालारानी गाउाँ पामलका अघामखााँची 662467 1503 7850 185136 151861 6188 343185 181895 136104 1283 319282 31753
532 प्यठान नगरपामलका प्यठान 1035917 10397 17415 224726 171201 118158 514085 192460 171201 158171 521832 9668
533 स्वगमद्वारी नगरपामलका प्यठान 787378 25530 8706 216265 163650 20217 400132 219664 161638 5944 387246 21592
534 गौर्ुखी गाउाँ पामलका प्यठान 613769 9512 8323 179667 139380 10050 329097 156940 126377 1355 284672 52748
535 र्ाण्डवी गाउाँ पामलका प्यठान 430678 271 7018 123451 88883 10411 222745 118359 89016 558 207933 21830
536 सरुर्ारानी गाउाँ पामलका प्यठान 489720 10202 8276 152235 93593 12736 258564 69168 127736 34252 231156 35684
537 र्ल्लरानी गाउाँ पामलका प्यठान 474949 27742 7583 128151 110204 4160 242515 103774 99541 29119 232434 17664
538 नौवदहनी गाउाँ पामलका प्यठान 720707 10352 7890 211904 92837 63184 367925 122192 174364 56226 352782 23033
539 ख्रझर्रुक गाउाँ पामलका प्यठान 666130 7645 8199 180786 107026 57087 344899 179274 138840 3117 321231 31867
540 ऐरावती गाउाँ पामलका प्यठान 547229 4578 10401 160458 94030 42403 296891 19166 96550 134622 250338 56954
541 रोल्पा नगरपामलका रोल्पा 859288 381 20804 388696 52913 14183 455792 223824 179135 537 403496 73100
542 बत्रवेणी गाउाँ पामलका रोल्पा 601515 9675 5155 19558 93661 212596 325815 114660 129950 31090 275700 55270
543 पररवतमन गाउाँ पामलका रोल्पा 566118 1571 6196 173262 75729 40732 289723 114291 161504 600 276395 19524
544 र्ाडी गाउाँ पामलका रोल्पा 505639 46447 6901 156699 65509 44547 266755 114394 115925 8565 238884 34772

a]?h" /sd
1 2 3 4 5(2+3+4) 6 7 8 9(6+7+8) 10(1+5-9)
545 रुन्टीगढी गाउाँ पामलका रोल्पा 732852 21656 5355 225193 105993 63863 395049 176412 161225 166 337803 62601
546 लुङग्री गाउाँ पामलका रोल्पा 572144 24726 5761 184190 111190 1536 296916 149263 125890 75 275228 27449
547 गूंगादे व गाउाँ पामलका रोल्पा 478972 9205 9190 168331 93285 3606 265222 103618 104521 5611 213750 60662
548 सुनछहरी गाउाँ पामलका रोल्पा 498945 1642 6674 165277 88267 5514 259058 137430 102368 89 239887 25845
549 सुननल स्र्नृ त गाउाँ पामलका रोल्पा 705069 5038 6132 202753 163707 2467 368927 173544 152140 10458 336142 38917
550 थवाङ गाउाँ पामलका रोल्पा 344020 641 6118 121220 46017 27073 194310 144687 5023 0 149710 50718
551 पुथा उिरगूंगा गाउाँ पामलका रुकुर् (पवी भाग) 643852 122431 6016 205003 117660 8480 331143 146356 163863 2490 312709 24450
552 भर्े गाउाँ पामलका रुकुर् (पवी भाग) 563716 50639 6134 180202 109266 4916 294384 135738 133549 45 269332 31186
553 मसस्ने गाउाँ पामलका रुकुर् (पवी भाग) 515562 65851 7797 167982 109162 1896 279040 146419 90103 0 236522 50315
554 तुल्सीपुर उपर्हानगरपामलका दाङ 2414898 52489 19694 565416 471967 184370 1221753 88622 1011537 92986 1193145 48302
555 घोराही उपर्हानगरपामलका दाङ 2751700 206338 78941 632491 587759 163187 1383437 690943 652211 25109 1368263 94115
556 लर्ही नगरपामलका दाङ 909177 6646 19383 270184 116074 94642 480900 410898 600 16779 428277 72006
557 बूंगलाचुली गाउाँ पामलका दाङ 604818 12987 11903 193355 113141 15643 322139 144921 137658 100 282679 51363
558 दूं गीशरण गाउाँ पामलका दाङ 463991 12269 9554 153648 59404 31117 244169 118824 98041 2957 219822 33901
559 गढवा गाउाँ पामलका दाङ 752917 37158 25626 243750 159113 15809 418672 326226 6732 1287 334245 110053
560 राजपुर गाउाँ पामलका दाङ 513349 64876 9694 222289 94485 1622 318396 187678 7275 0 194953 133137
561 राप्ती गाउाँ पामलका दाङ 723642 20311 7535 168449 192490 23450 384389 162826 173195 3232 339253 52671
562 शाक्न्तनगर गाउाँ पामलका दाङ 551359 21485 6832 169976 118433 4830 293239 145159 112755 206 258120 41951
563 बबई गाउाँ पामलका दाङ 608338 8862 12664 203455 113911 7586 324952 150308 125502 7576 283386 54230
नेपालगूंज
बााँके 3849976 276075 84245 460762 253796 1300482 2015040 555942 238822 1040172 1834936 264349
565 कोहलपुर नगरपामलका बााँके 1171918 136013 42541 322006 151953 142120 616079 324095 228666 3078 555839 102781
566 नरै नापुर गाउाँ पामलका बााँके 665256 46789 12595 233759 121209 9295 364263 12799 129339 158855 300993 75865
567 राप्तीसोनारी गाउाँ पामलका बााँके 1076617 83641 8854 396464 158738 5055 560257 206084 310276 0 516360 52751
568 बैजनाथ गाउाँ पामलका बााँके 743160 37277 7351 259843 135313 9590 404746 168101 158435 11878 338414 73683
569 खजुरा गाउाँ पामलका बााँके 887205 41555 5228 243515 142857 101094 487466 204664 101927 93148 399739 92955
570 डु डुवा गाउाँ पामलका बााँके 520907 64392 10280 216497 78531 584 295612 127966 97329 0 225295 80597
571 जानकी गाउाँ पामलका बााँके 612864 56699 5140 198048 72716 76973 347737 71303 67368 126456 265127 87750
572 गुलररया नगरपामलका बददम या 1641552 108755 29636 315654 301206 254443 871303 549494 14889 205866 770249 130690
573 र्धुवन नगरपामलका बददम या 931212 7423 18334 245398 123041 127455 495894 123041 219226 93051 435318 78910
574 राजापुर नगरपामलका बददम या 1011224 21125 40212 286515 141456 97747 525718 283504 191707 10295 485506 80424
575 ठाकुरबाबा नगरपामलका बददम या 859066 33479 12942 250548 177876 26450 454874 117929 195991 90272 404192 63624
576 बााँसगढी नगरपामलका बददम या 984811 57643 44505 286865 148711 97714 533290 281770 164459 5292 451521 126274
577 बारबददम या नगरपामलका बददम या 1093151 1046 0 337148 153873 107372 598393 313354 176501 4903 494758 103635
578 बढै याताल गाउाँ पामलका बददम या 943656 77630 9147 241286 148211 92898 482395 250022 210239 1000 461261 30281
579 गेरुवा गाउाँ पामलका बददम या 650288 17983 8314 191000 104267 51694 346961 172950 120064 10313 303327 51948
580 बदम घाट नगरपामलका नवलपरासी (पक्श्चर्) 1192254 19439 51935 287355 245448 60401 593204 314114 279606 5330 599050 46089
581 रार्ग्रार् नगरपामलका नवलपरासी (पक्श्चर्) 1114593 25020 24470 288419 222335 66819 577573 259959 263828 13233 537020 65023
582 सुनवल नगरपामलका नवलपरासी (पक्श्चर्) 1189883 38677 47925 257744 225002 147701 630447 117835 434362 7239 559436 118936
583 सुस्ता गाउाँ पामलका नवलपरासी (पक्श्चर्) 603872 10388 14690 190645 124992 11382 327019 121639 141839 13375 276853 64856
584 पाल्हीनन्दन गाउाँ पामलका नवलपरासी (पक्श्चर्) 601805 2856 7112 173027 141862 15897 330786 183143 84594 3282 271019 66879
585 प्रतापपुर गाउाँ पामलका नवलपरासी (पक्श्चर्) 764136 515 14587 212097 190770 10527 413394 175110 175192 440 350742 77239
586 सरावल गाउाँ पामलका नवलपरासी (पक्श्चर्) 639808 12786 15665 193470 140571 14550 348591 128663 159804 2750 291217 73039
कणामली प्रदे श 48413902 2571600 627574 14645815 9464069 1217806 25327690 10792601 9957701 2335910 23086212 2869052

a]?h" /sd
1 2 3 4 5(2+3+4) 6 7 8 9(6+7+8) 10(1+5-9)
587 र्ुमसकोट नगरपामलका रुकुर् (पक्श्चर् भाग) 891992 93348 23559 403277 46139 15710 465126 208184 209393 9289 426866 61819
588 चौरजहारी नगरपामलका रुकुर् (पक्श्चर् भाग) 737456 85812 43812 211346 156787 5732 373865 165795 160046 37750 363591 54086
589 आठबबसकोट नगरपामलका रुकुर् (पक्श्चर् भाग) 890354 142274 20 289816 149901 10657 450374 166776 266249 6955 439980 10414
590 बााँफफकोट गाउाँ पामलका रुकुर् (पक्श्चर् भाग) 561073 67369 4346 255323 25665 1213 282201 130416 148456 0 278872 7675
591 बत्रवेणी गाउाँ पामलका रुकुर् (पक्श्चर् भाग) 539010 82480 4800 253845 26171 3124 283140 57120 190903 7847 255870 32070
592 सानी भेरी गाउाँ पामलका रुकुर् (पक्श्चर् भाग) 555031 70538 5520 273101 26093 2561 301755 156418 96858 0 253276 53999
593 शारदा नगरपामलका सल्यान 917554 8014 34244 236253 208547 10276 455076 293331 159744 9403 462478 26842
594 बागचौर नगरपामलका सल्यान 785775 18412 37931 237771 174920 5922 418613 34949 157293 174920 367162 89382
595 बनगाड कुत्तपण्डे नगरपामलका सल्यान 819343 22175 8447 272425 160388 3307 436120 203960 171061 8202 383223 61344
596 कामलर्ाटी गाउाँ पामलका सल्यान 566558 8768 1458 209916 113483 1716 325115 35475 97284 108684 241443 85130
597 बत्रवेणी गाउाँ पामलका सल्यान 451407 3386 4848 142721 85715 5699 234135 19027 110481 87764 217272 21711
598 कपुरकोट गाउाँ पामलका सल्यान 456564 12253 6665 149298 80986 6931 237215 27022 114374 77953 219349 24531
599 छत्रेश्वरी गाउाँ पामलका सल्यान 569938 28292 5548 170681 126133 11745 308559 23423 109954 128002 261379 52728
600 मसद्ध कुर्ाख गाउाँ पामलका सल्यान 364170 3619 6679 124392 68203 1481 194076 28368 73459 68267 170094 30661
601 कुर्ाख गाउाँ पामलका सल्यान 586679 1877 6739 193822 121627 2037 317486 33006 114225 121962 269193 55032
602 दार्ाम गाउाँ पामलका सल्यान 472846 7648 6417 153645 90869 2448 246962 14065 120791 91028 225884 27495
603 बीरे न्द्रनगर नगरपामलका सुखेत 1708174 178316 40586 420684 277992 213618 912294 772205 1568 22107 795880 157000
604 भेरीगूंगा नगरपामलका सुखेत 911970 91496 8254 271958 199316 8373 479647 242814 183546 5963 432323 55578
605 गुभामकोट नगरपामलका सुखेत 1128805 63333 9293 280536 190743 105247 576526 89775 434472 28032 552279 33540
606 पञ्चपुरी नगरपामलका सुखेत 858162 4333 5523 249280 189820 2837 441937 217479 198656 90 416225 31235
607 लेकवेशी नगरपामलका सुखेत 760948 24382 2267 209572 131746 47665 388983 199782 168597 3586 371965 19285
608 चौकुने गाउाँ पामलका सुखेत 737809 42289 863 219347 98942 56012 374301 178847 180999 3662 363508 11656
609 बराहताल गाउाँ पामलका सुखेत 742183 43306 5433 232362 117277 55912 405551 202895 127610 6127 336632 74352
610 गचङ्गाड गाउाँ पामलका सुखेत 519795 2418 6798 154937 105561 704 261202 128774 124895 4924 258593 9407
611 मसम्ता गाउाँ पामलका सुखेत 766063 20095 5105 210744 174689 4058 389491 224148 152424 0 376572 18024
612 नारायण नगरपामलका दै लेख 736814 6309 16371 195596 182233 22615 400444 91675 90238 154457 336370 80445
613 दुल्लु नगरपामलका दै लेख 935746 22662 8905 273485 243490 6793 523768 264638 146481 859 411978 120695
चार्ुण्डा त्तवन्द्रासैनी
दै लेख 633580 13523 5166 193006 120642 15901 329549 72441 132203 99387 304031 30684
615 आठबीस नगरपामलका दै लेख 721748 25171 9048 221786 158568 1963 382317 180015 159154 262 339431 51934
616 भगवतीर्ाई गाउाँ पामलका दै लेख 556537 17631 4910 164220 137959 2065 304244 45177 97373 109743 252293 56861
617 गुरााँस गाउाँ पामलका दै लेख 640544 31650 5626 183958 155957 1979 341894 186746 109904 2000 298650 48870
618 डु ग
ूं ेश्वर गाउाँ पामलका दै लेख 515962 31316 4817 137551 108658 11893 258102 142771 114924 165 257860 5059
619 नौर्ुले गाउाँ पामलका दै लेख 662302 34771 7075 185133 174014 6705 365852 167922 128528 0 296450 76477
620 र्हावु गाउाँ पामलका दै लेख 569362 38905 5673 159283 111676 13996 284955 60048 132888 91471 284407 6221
621 भैरवी गाउाँ पामलका दै लेख 563786 26140 4893 171738 122598 3453 297789 76745 95178 94074 265997 36685
622 ठााँटीकााँध गाउाँ पामलका दै लेख 474483 21904 6353 173615 99776 2551 275942 114697 83844 0 198541 83754
623 भेरी नगरपामलका जाजरकोट 1012108 8990 26488 258566 249702 8165 516433 274959 220716 0 495675 47246
624 छे डागाड नगरपामलका जाजरकोट 928404 4932 5577 272663 225144 2371 500178 336331 91826 69 428226 77529
625 नलगाड नगरपामलका जाजरकोट 798067 1973 5735 234485 179894 4813 419192 202961 175914 0 378875 46052
626 बारे कोट गाउाँ पामलका जाजरकोट 560429 6780 5259 196178 112311 2971 311460 139309 109660 0 248969 67750
627 कुसे गाउाँ पामलका जाजरकोट 657182 4190 8462 193006 150047 1111 344164 167061 145957 0 313018 39608
628 जुनीचााँदे गाउाँ पामलका जाजरकोट 658898 17892 5197 209340 139646 1818 350804 149553 158541 0 308094 47907
629 मशवालय गाउाँ पामलका जाजरकोट 504741 9475 5535 150952 119962 1320 272234 123660 108639 208 232507 45262

a]?h" /sd
1 2 3 4 5(2+3+4) 6 7 8 9(6+7+8) 10(1+5-9)
630 ठु ली भेरी नगरपामलका डोल्पा 570951 97814 1164 263040 39976 0 303016 150540 83700 33695 267935 36245
631 बत्रपुरासुन्दरी नगरपामलका डोल्पा 621773 25910 5468 150000 160471 294 310765 33443 111673 165892 311008 5225
632 डोल्पो बुद्ध गाउाँ पामलका डोल्पा 199746 14482 5785 100000 12416 139 112555 7616 67159 12416 87191 31149
633 शे फोतसुन्डो गाउाँ पामलका डोल्पा 242160 21951 5063 100000 21900 69 121969 19474 73774 26943 120191 6841
634 जगदुल्ला गाउाँ पामलका डोल्पा 297256 8620 4966 100000 53133 118 153251 23865 67007 53133 144005 14212
635 र्ुड्केचुला गाउाँ पामलका डोल्पा 294778 19004 4800 100000 55504 48 155552 31550 47324 60352 139226 21126
636 काईके गाउाँ पामलका डोल्पा 358015 13228 15151 100000 76119 1079 177198 5296 90209 85312 180817 11532
637 छाकाम ताङसोङ गाउाँ पामलका डोल्पा 196576 11970 6188 100000 12781 209 112990 15819 55072 12695 83586 35592
638 चन्दननाथ नगरपामलका जुम्ला 685924 35265 12125 171747 103198 67630 342575 168921 173794 634 343349 11351
639 कनकासुन्दरी गाउाँ पामलका जुम्ला 522731 4168 5050 220882 48981 1556 271419 153980 97332 0 251312 25157
640 मसूंजा गाउाँ पामलका जुम्ला 476254 15164 4800 129211 65884 47088 242183 121809 112262 0 234071 12912
641 दहर्ा गाउाँ पामलका जुम्ला 428923 16579 4653 121226 61600 42293 225119 101818 101986 0 203804 25968
642 नतला गाउाँ पामलका जुम्ला 528033 78747 4800 144021 142586 1418 288025 138418 101472 118 240008 52817
643 गुदठचौर गाउाँ पामलका जुम्ला 419694 7586 4800 129678 83160 1116 213954 84811 120929 0 205740 13014
644 तातोपानी गाउाँ पामलका जुम्ला 587762 21348 4800 170331 138660 1201 310192 162817 114753 0 277570 37422
645 पातारासी गाउाँ पामलका जुम्ला 560779 6055 4800 172560 56930 58625 288115 150817 116047 5800 272664 20251
646 खााँडाचक्र नगरपामलका कामलकोट 711838 41951 4554 177154 183401 1070 361625 202642 147571 0 350213 15966
647 रास्कोट नगरपामलका कामलकोट 561714 14382 6550 150000 134602 7001 291603 163391 99251 7469 270111 28042
648 नतलागुफा नगरपामलका कामलकोट 643456 19579 5991 169518 163389 581 333488 189649 118744 1575 309968 29511
649 पचालझरना गाउाँ पामलका कामलकोट 507859 38196 5075 139087 120471 328 259886 114529 130396 3048 247973 16988
650 सान्नी बत्रवेणी गाउाँ पामलका कामलकोट 506947 98494 0 133449 120436 260 254145 239544 13258 0 252802 1343
651 नरहररनाथ गाउाँ पामलका कामलकोट 681458 18959 5585 182786 191549 913 375248 177803 121468 6939 306210 74623
652 शुभ कालीका गाउाँ पामलका कामलकोट 536095 16457 5741 138027 131138 125 269290 139167 117032 10606 266805 8226
653 र्हावै गाउाँ पामलका कामलकोट 392372 42155 5107 118172 84388 149 202709 90739 95166 3758 189663 18153
654 पलाता गाउाँ पामलका कामलकोट 600764 13329 7941 241564 67488 3005 312057 118418 160483 9806 288707 31291
655 छायााँनाथ रारा नगरपामलका र्ुगु 833064 45773 5780 221449 209749 17842 449040 105506 278518 0 384024 70796
656 र्ुगुर् कार्ामरोंग गाउाँ पामलका र्ुगु 385598 9868 5467 124286 79182 5041 208509 117217 59872 0 177089 36887
657 सोरु गाउाँ पामलका र्ुगु 649424 109521 4961 158593 158480 14689 331762 196350 121312 0 317662 19061
658 खत्याड गाउाँ पामलका र्ुगु 779218 60890 6255 183262 187552 18372 389186 183124 186908 20000 390032 5409
659 मसर्कोट गाउाँ पामलका हुम्ला 605045 40122 4800 155765 126479 27178 309422 159522 98858 37243 295623 18599
660 नाम्खा गाउाँ पामलका हुम्ला 368708 27137 6327 105130 55706 31673 192509 76203 79005 20991 176199 22637
661 खापुन
म ाथ गाउाँ पामलका हुम्ला 489876 28913 5160 111587 75323 55691 242601 116449 110571 20255 247275 486
662 सकेगाड गाउाँ पामलका हुम्ला 595235 39235 4800 139084 111841 46026 296951 131488 90320 76476 298284 3467
663 चूंखेली गाउाँ पामलका हुम्ला 397834 26841 4800 116289 66497 23727 206513 90535 79293 21493 191321 19992
664 अदानचुली गाउाँ पामलका हुम्ला 390273 13763 6064 106304 68745 21881 196930 83498 63935 45910 193343 9651
665 तााँजाकोट गाउाँ पामलका हुम्ला 355417 17697 5958 100000 54364 21903 176267 75070 75941 28139 179150 3075
सुदरु पक्चचम प्रदे श 62712872 1981692 1138096 17710368 12193710 2766389 32670467 16144474 12010430 1887501 30042405 3766158
666 बडीर्ामलका नगरपामलका बाजुरा 567825 46824 11740 164461 99024 39289 302774 159421 104094 1536 265051 49463
667 बत्रवेणी नगरपामलका बाजुरा 591199 9759 8033 262600 58767 3669 325036 168093 98070 0 266163 66906
668 बुढीगूंगा नगरपामलका बाजुरा 618757 10060 7403 165991 110829 57160 333980 189762 85604 9411 284777 56606
669 बुढीनन्दा नगरपामलका बाजुरा 588149 28457 9385 177151 84523 57719 319393 145370 123386 0 268756 60022
670 गौर्ुल गाउाँ पामलका बाजुरा 458040 24243 6680 114527 65449 52097 232073 124872 91061 10034 225967 12786
671 जगन्नाथ गाउाँ पामलका बाजुरा 370983 1924 7387 116289 74410 19 190718 74487 101754 4024 180265 17840
672 स्वार्ीकानतमक खापर बाजुरा 482839 9525 7283 127798 62711 72561 263070 116483 102840 446 219769 50584

a]?h" /sd
1 2 3 4 5(2+3+4) 6 7 8 9(6+7+8) 10(1+5-9)
गाउाँ पामलका
673 खप्तड छे डेदह गाउाँ पामलका बाजुरा 535191 29164 6991 163045 105699 5712 274456 128492 119827 12416 260735 20712
674 दहर्ाली गाउाँ पामलका बाजुरा 411852 8849 10097 227100 0 2160 229260 84886 97706 0 182592 56765
675 जयपथ्
ृ वी नगरपामलका बझाङ 820137 1598 22716 360282 48607 10824 419713 400197 0 227 400424 42005
676 बुूंगल नगरपामलका बझाङ 0 0 0 0 0
677 तलकोट गाउाँ पामलका बझाङ 504802 5915 5606 139081 65480 54493 259054 127036 116762 1950 245748 18912
678 र्ष्ट्टा गाउाँ पामलका बझाङ 548000 5270 5871 141431 85538 52532 279501 124439 144060 0 268499 16873
679 खप्तडछान्ना गाउाँ पामलका बझाङ 552865 103 2629 136262 111218 48689 296169 166640 84418 5638 256696 42102
680 थलारा गाउाँ पामलका बझाङ 668422 15141 6157 157765 117180 72500 347445 167617 153360 0 320977 32625
681 त्तवत्थडगचर गाउाँ पामलका बझाङ 558821 4933 6412 88406 153166 56993 298565 145790 114143 323 260256 44721
682 सर्ाम गाउाँ पामलका बझाङ 358136 18335 5486 117696 38802 23265 179763 81382 96991 0 178373 6876
683 छबबसपागथभेरा गाउाँ पामलका बझाङ 636480 19557 6256 149184 127297 58759 335240 130372 108994 61874 301240 40256
684 दुगामथली गाउाँ पामलका बझाङ 467644 5704 5326 123105 78492 37803 239400 137297 86072 4875 228244 16482
685 केदारस्युाँ गाउाँ पामलका बझाङ 730434 9521 5636 177852 139075 56134 373061 223229 134144 0 357373 21324
686 साइपाल गाउाँ पामलका बझाङ 265531 32584 5948 100000 26637 8067 134704 20124 94362 16341 130827 9825
687 र्ूंगलसेन नगरपामलका अछार् 1024568 3538 21315 249877 272299 9079 531255 311490 181494 329 493313 59257
688 कर्लबजार नगरपामलका अछार् 770975 13743 16141 123763 267500 4736 395999 25855 156825 192296 374976 37164
689 सााँफेबगर नगरपामलका अछार् 1082515 71607 23192 223768 330403 9486 563657 331249 185925 1684 518858 67991
पन्चदे वल त्तवनायक
अछार् 864922 18310 8475 208982 136013 106870 451865 153906 148579 110572 413057 47283
691 चौरपाटी गाउाँ पामलका अछार् 734295 6402 6579 203102 183935 6787 393824 197722 142749 0 340471 59932
692 र्ेल्लेख गाउाँ पामलका अछार् 711899 19441 6410 186895 180423 441 367759 139570 122150 82420 344140 30029
बाक्न्नगढी जयगढ
अछार् 561750 12383 5949 137316 86096 61222 284634 108193 111848 57075 277116 13467
694 रार्ारोशन गाउाँ पामलका अछार् 754589 22726 6666 194175 194967 3191 392333 193146 169110 0 362256 36743
695 ढकारी गाउाँ पामलका अछार् 634129 16280 5292 193121 80179 55152 328452 156085 142848 6744 305677 28067
696 तुर्ामखााँद गाउाँ पामलका अछार् 782610 20934 6783 209096 200616 1762 411474 41992 130412 198732 371136 47121
ददपायल मसलगढी
डोटी 862320 50149 20186 220024 141063 83746 444833 251318 162142 4027 417487 47532
698 मशखर नगरपामलका डोटी 1003753 5600 10608 260440 244794 2036 507270 172352 316071 8060 496483 21395
699 पवीचौकी गाउाँ पामलका डोटी 624098 21309 9510 173970 103883 45505 323358 188802 111938 0 300740 32128
700 बडीकेदार गाउाँ पामलका डोटी 537157 8536 7118 162099 115397 2860 280356 139235 114315 3251 256801 30673
701 जोरायल गाउाँ पामलका डोटी 669375 6832 7884 189473 127658 32270 349401 191702 128272 0 319974 37311
702 सायल गाउाँ पामलका डोटी 516796 10622 8300 156816 112465 1511 270792 138936 106743 325 246004 33088
703 आदशम गाउाँ पामलका डोटी 631769 10055 6777 184660 143310 2077 330047 169776 128293 3653 301722 35102
704 के.आई.मसूं. गाउाँ पामलका डोटी 595597 9614 2184 132070 167039 9775 308884 20336 124945 141432 286713 24355
705 बोगटान फुड्मसल गाउाँ पामलका डोटी 598777 14716 1627 171151 132055 1267 304473 164484 128262 1558 294304 11796
706 धनगढी उपर्हानगरपामलका कैलाली 2079538 9535 52318 529587 436565 137763 1103915 785380 4786 185457 975623 180610
707 दटकापुर नगरपामलका कैलाली 1250222 78110 34611 313883 255327 71537 640747 319012 212379 78084 609475 65883
708 घोडाघोडी नगरपामलका कैलाली 1286088 66336 38824 405283 270382 35303 710968 287560 287560 0 575120 174672
709 लम्कीचुहा नगरपामलका कैलाली 1186884 28877 25262 336440 230680 30290 597410 299344 287499 2631 589474 33198
710 भजनी नगरपामलका कैलाली 866603 20790 28800 271006 188179 24410 483595 226813 142125 14070 383008 129387
711 गोदावरी नगरपामलका कैलाली 1355283 94511 22265 372509 312711 34180 719400 405872 222871 7140 635883 105782
712 गौरीगूंगा नगरपामलका कैलाली 994061 48134 9166 309072 104469 103284 516825 218774 255304 3158 477236 48755

a]?h" /sd
1 2 3 4 5(2+3+4) 6 7 8 9(6+7+8) 10(1+5-9)
713 जानकी गाउाँ पामलका कैलाली 775556 53427 10491 229069 188724 1133 418926 207919 148111 600 356630 72787
714 बदम गोररया गाउाँ पामलका कैलाली 527147 7334 7616 173027 87637 6781 267445 114386 143727 1589 259702 15359
715 र्ोहन्याल गाउाँ पामलका कैलाली 703403 26879 5459 206744 138073 13831 358648 282851 5752 56152 344755 19352
716 कैलारी गाउाँ पामलका कैलाली 934141 3080 6767 287569 12169 187017 486755 371978 13285 62123 447386 46136
717 जोशीपुर गाउाँ पामलका कैलाली 580851 16386 5495 184895 111849 5159 301903 151437 121966 5545 278948 28450
718 चुरे गाउाँ पामलका कैलाली 617741 15566 5270 181485 129139 8536 319160 25640 17388 255553 298581 25849
719 भीर्दि नगरपामलका कञ्चनपुर 1972388 125119 91707 406479 473285 111795 991559 84794 726884 169151 980829 102437
720 पुनव
म ास नगरपामलका कञ्चनपुर 934816 8835 17678 260910 126527 108255 495692 195912 241305 1907 439124 74246
721 वेदकोट नगरपामलका कञ्चनपुर 858250 4875 15131 250922 187520 17894 456336 242963 157664 1287 401914 69553
722 र्हाकाली नगरपामलका कञ्चनपुर 705796 30421 15885 204051 168189 15940 388180 169993 130970 16653 317616 86449
723 शुतलाफााँटा नगरपामलका कञ्चनपुर 895256 65424 22512 247774 193630 13788 455192 229280 210026 758 440064 37640
724 बेलौरी नगरपामलका कञ्चनपुर 918166 49542 61617 378149 58410 24754 461313 211444 241268 4141 456853 66077
725 कृष्ट्णपुर नगरपामलका कञ्चनपुर 961242 61019 27087 404476 69719 17684 491879 341917 117823 9623 469363 49603
726 बेलडाडी गाउाँ पामलका कञ्चनपुर 467745 11469 19708 187261 34885 9668 231814 115644 118978 1309 235931 15591
727 लालझाडी गाउाँ पामलका कञ्चनपुर 458348 14492 7086 233185 0 11869 245054 150915 58075 4304 213294 38846
728 अर्रगढी नगरपामलका डडेलधुरा 643550 16906 18224 162940 144367 28051 335358 157980 148392 1820 308192 45390
729 परशुरार् नगरपामलका डडेलधुरा 921523 16947 20172 414478 56101 14181 484760 216771 216318 3674 436763 68169
730 आमलताल गाउाँ पामलका डडेलधुरा 612649 9331 5572 249232 57940 3470 310642 150083 151605 319 302007 14207
731 भागेश्वर गाउाँ पामलका डडेलधुरा 482475 13659 5070 138379 124654 7993 271026 120235 90755 459 211449 64647
732 नवदुगाम गाउाँ पामलका डडेलधुरा 577227 4860 7465 156578 138785 3767 299130 152311 125786 0 278097 28498
733 अजयर्ेरु गाउाँ पामलका डडेलधुरा 632407 1141 6391 141898 173342 3892 319132 200677 112368 230 313275 12248
734 गन्यापधुरा गाउाँ पामलका डडेलधुरा 507114 7041 5801 129738 121019 2564 253321 131707 122086 0 253793 5329
735 दशरथचन्द नगरपामलका बैतडी 1061960 38645 32519 216271 302911 20958 540140 323499 195738 2583 521820 50839
736 पाटन नगरपामलका बैतडी 933716 33590 21601 179509 278273 7122 464904 248230 199443 21139 468812 17693
737 र्ेलौली नगरपामलका बैतडी 690294 32242 6129 182434 118155 66910 367499 214220 108388 187 322795 50833
738 पुचौडी नगरपामलका बैतडी 1003493 23315 8851 270069 241039 10030 521138 283799 185485 13071 482355 47634
739 सुनय
म ा गाउाँ पामलका बैतडी 544785 13592 6260 158584 127524 940 287048 161923 88858 6956 257737 35571
740 मसगास गाउाँ पामलका बैतडी 604065 23960 12895 191596 146389 1389 339374 160125 99167 5399 264691 87578
741 मशवनाथ गाउाँ पामलका बैतडी 477231 54776 5701 146009 104350 1888 252247 177985 41175 5824 224984 32964
742 पञ्चेश्वर गाउाँ पामलका बैतडी 629230 28046 5111 160105 84781 71370 316256 160583 151690 701 312974 8393
743 दोगडाकेदार गाउाँ पामलका बैतडी 766073 11866 5968 188539 126289 65482 380310 241960 143803 0 385763 515
744 डीलासैनी गाउाँ पामलका बैतडी 624106 16224 5697 181018 94291 41816 317125 164624 142357 0 306981 15841
745 र्हाकाली नगरपामलका दाचुल
म ा 801223 14531 28364 168337 186902 59945 415184 253944 130465 1630 386039 57509
746 शैल्यमशखर नगरपामलका दाचुल
म ा 756951 52537 9462 178087 151243 45508 374838 235810 146245 58 382113 2187
747 र्ामलकाजुन
म गाउाँ पामलका दाचुल
म ा 573061 15407 6858 141786 156551 9071 307408 176416 89081 156 265653 48613
748 अत्तपदहर्ाल गाउाँ पामलका दाचुल
म ा 306310 6749 6575 111708 63342 888 175938 86275 43647 450 130372 52141
749 दुहुाँ गाउाँ पामलका दाचुल
म ा 395115 4637 6169 107711 102248 2443 212402 119731 62982 0 182713 35858
750 नौगाड गाउाँ पामलका दाचुल
म ा 559633 20447 14742 147536 77792 54836 280164 117372 162097 0 279469 15437
751 र्ार्ाम गाउाँ पामलका दाचुल
म ा 520303 5890 7619 148006 118650 5551 272207 133923 114016 157 248096 31730
752 लेकर् गाउाँ पामलका दाचुल
म ा 561045 27812 6088 133792 167029 1603 302424 178950 79671 0 258621 49891
753 लयााँस गाउाँ पामलका दाचुल
म ा 499807 17117 7999 141428 78675 33632 253735 123375 122497 200 246072 15662
कल जम्मा 566560700 23775528 13147676 148700785 111698671 38296953 298696409 128657989 110549331 28656971 267864291 43979794

;~rfng glthf
@)&$÷&%
n]vfk/LIf0f cfo Joo v'b cfDbfgL

l;-g_- ;_:yfsf] gfd cfly+s jif+ a]?h" /sd
/sd ljqmL ;]jf cg'bfg cGo cfo hDdf ;~rfng vr+ sd+rf/L vr+ Xf; vr+ hDdf
1 sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf 2074/75 4196384 342730 371950 3067118 1874071 5313139 4150209 544797 4840 4699846 613293
2 a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsf 2074/75 756453 23316 26184 802772 306113 1135069 774125 283165 4988 1062278 72791
s"n hDdf 4952837 366046 398134 3869890 2180184 6448208 4924334 827962 9828 5762124 686084

cg';"rL–@@
-k|ltj]bgsf] kl/R5]b @ bkmf $=@ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% df jh]6sf] clVtof/L k|fKt n]vfpQ/bfoL clws[tx?sf] ljj/0f / ;f] cjlwsf] a]?h"sf] l:ytL
cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% ;/sf/L sfof{nox?sf]
qm=
dGqfno/lgsfosf] gfd n]vfpQ/bfoL clws[tx?sf] gfd sfo{cjwL sf] s"n j]?h" n]vfk/LIf0f c+ssf]
;+=
-? xhf/df_ t'ngfdf a]?h" k|ltzt
;lrj >L e'k]Gb| k|;fb kf}8]n @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.!@.#! ;Dd
1 /fi6««kltsf] sfof{no
;lrj >L ljgf]b s]=;L= @)&%.)!.)! b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 0 0.00
;lrj >L gf/fo0f uf]kfn dn]uf] @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.)$.#! ;Dd
2 pk/fi6««kltsf] sfof{no ;lrj >L nfnz+s/ l3ld/] @)&$.)%.)% b]lv @)&$.!@.@% ;Dd
;lrj >L z+s/ k|;fb clwsf/L @)&$.!@.@) b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd
100 0.23
3 Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;lrjfno dxf;lrj >L dgf]x/ k|;fb e§/fO{ @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 74090 6.48
4 ;jf]{Rrcbfnt /lhi6«f/ >L dx]Gb|gfy pkfWofo @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 53056 0.41
;lrj >L /fhg vgfn, ;lrj >L dx]Zj/ @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.!!.#) ;Dd
5 clVtof/ b'?kof]]u cg';Gwfgcfof]u
Gof}kfg] @)&$.!@.)! b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd
30662 3.30
6 dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] sfof{no pkdxfn]vfk/LIfs >L O{Zj/ g]kfn @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 0 0.00
7 nf]s ;]jfcfof]u ;lrj >L dx]Gb| k|;fb u'/fufO{ @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&%.)#.#! ;Dd 6786 0.67
;lrj >L dx]Zj/ Gof}kfg] @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.)$.#@ ;Dd
8 lgjf{rgcfof]u
;lrj >L j]u]Gb|/fh zdf{ kf}8]n @)&$.)%.)! b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 168365 1.78
9 /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u ;lrj >L j]b k|;fb e§/fO{ @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 193 0.1
;lrj >L /fhg k|;fb e§/fO{ @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.)$.#@ ;Dd
10 Gofo kl/ifb\
;lrj >L g[kWjh lg/f}nf @)&$.)%.)! b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd
151 0.23
11 ;lrj >L j}s'07 cof{n @)&$.)$.! b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 0.0

/fli6«o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyfljQcfof]u 0
lg=;lrj >L t'n;L/fd ;]9fO{ @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.!.@% ;Dd
12 /fli6«o dlxnfcfof]u
;lrj >L clgn s'df/ 7fs'/ @)&%.!.@^ b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd 1310 2.05
gfojdxfGofoflwjQmf >L b'uf{jGw' kf]v/]n @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.!).@^ ;Dd
13 dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{no
gfojdxfGofoflwjQmf >L jb|L k|;fb uf}td @)&$.!).@& b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd
29097 2.80
qm=
;+=
;lrj >L /fds'df/ cfrfo{ @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.)^.!$ ;Dd
14 k|wfgdGqLtyfdGqLkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no
;lrj >L a'l4 jxfb'/ v8\sf @)&$.)^.!% b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 3732612 2.38
;lrj >L zfGt/fh ;'j]bL @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.)&.)& ;Dd
15 cy{ dGqfno ;lrj >L z+s/ k|;fb clwsf/L @)&$.)&.)* b]lv @)&$.!@.@% ;Dd
;lrj >L /fhg vgfn @)&$.!@.@^ b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 31538522 3.01
;lrj >L z+s/ k|;fb sf]O/fnf @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.)&.!!;Dd
;lrj >L ofd s'df/L vltj8f @)&$.)&.!@ b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd
;lrj >L k|]d s'df/ /fO{ @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.)%.!% ;Dd
16 pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyfcfk"lt{ dGqfno
;lrj >L s[i0f k|;fb b]jsf]6f @)&$.)%.!^ b]lv @)&$.)&.@* ;Dd
;lrj >L clgn s'df/ 7fs'/ @)&$.)&.@( b]lv @)&$.!@.@) ;Dd
;lrj >L rGb| s'df/ l3ld/] @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 235958 2.96
;lrj >L /fdfgGb k|;fbofbj @)&$.)$.)! b]lv@)&$ df3;Dd
17 pmhf{, hn;|f]t tyfl;FrfOdGqfno ;lrj >L ;+ho zdf{ @)&$.!@ b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd
;lrj >L cg'k s'df/ pkfWofo @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 5907160 7.29
sfg"g, Gofotyf ;+;bLo dfldnf ;lrj >L sdnzfnL l3ld/] @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.!@.)( ;Dd
18 dGqfno ;lrj >L /fhLj uf}td @)&$.!@.!) b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 2794 1.76
;lrj >L ;'/f]h kf]v/]n @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.!@.!^ ;Dd
;lrj >L o'jsWjh lh;L @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.)&.@( ;Dd
19 s[liftyf kz'kG5L ljsf; dGqfno ;lrj >L o'jsWjh lh;L @)&$.!@.!& b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd
;lrj >L ljZjgfy cf]nL @)&$.)*.)! b]lv @)&$.!@.@% ;Dd
;lrj >L k|sfzdfy]df @)&$.!@.@^ b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 1262433 4.88
;lrj >L nf]sbz{g /]UdL @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.)&.)& ;Dd
20 u[x dGqfno ;lrj >L df]xgs[i0f ;fksf]6f @)&$.)&.)* b]lv @)&$.!@.@% ;Dd
;lrj >L k|]ds'df/ /fO{ @)&$.!@.@^ b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 1141059 1.09
21 k//fi6« dGqfno ;lrj >L z+s/bfz j}/fuL @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 664691 6.23
@)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.)$.#) ;Dd
;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyfgful/s p8\8og ;lrj >L z+s/ k|;fb clwsf/L
22 dGqfno ;lrj >L dx]Zj/ Gof}kfg]
@)&$.)%.)! b]lv @)&$.)(.#) ;Dd
@)&$.!).)! b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd
;lrj >L s[i0f k|;fb b]jsf]6f 327329 6.02
;lrj >L s[i0f k|;fb b]jsf]6f @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.)%.!% ;Dd
e"ldJoj:yf, ;xsf/L tyf ul/jL ;lrj >L ;'/]z k|wfg @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.)%.!% ;Dd
23 lgjf/0f dGqfno ;lrj >L zDe' sf]O/fnf @)&$.)%.!^ b]lv @)&$.!!.)^ ;Dd
;lrj >L uf]kLgfy d}gfnL @)&$.)%.!^ b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 2327195 5.09
;lrj >L b]j]Gb| sfsL{ @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.!@.@^ ;Dd
24 ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfno
;lrj >L dw';'bg clwsf/L @)&$.!@.@& b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 20667646 15.28
dlxnf,jfnjflnsf tyf h]i7 gful/s
25 dGqfno
;lrj >L ªOGb| k|;fb pkfWofo @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 56369 2.12
qm=
;+=
;lrj >L dx]z k|;fb bfxfn @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.!@.#) ;Dd
26 o'jftyf v]ns'bdGqfno
;lrj >L df]xgs[i0f ;fksf]6f @)&%.)!.)! b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 189672 8.66
;lrj >L >Lw/ ;fksf]6f @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.)&.!$ ;Dd
27 /IffdGqfno ;lrj >L ljgf]b s];L @)&$.)&.!% b]lv @)&$.!@.@% ;Dd
;lrj >L lji0f' k|;fb nD;fn @)&$.!@.@^ b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 11237677 16.31
;lrj >L o'jsWjh lh;L @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.!@.#) ;Dd
28 jgtyfjftfj/0f dGqfno ;lrj >L ljZjgfy cf]nL @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd
;lrj >L k|sfz dfy]df @)&$.!).)! b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 670494 3.38
;lrj >L zfGtjxfb'/ >]i7 @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.)&.!! ;Dd
;lrj >L ;Ghozdf{ @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.!@.@^ ;Dd
29 lzIff, lj1fg tyfk|ljlwdGqfno ;lrj >L dw'k|;fb /]UdL @)&$.)&.!@ b]lv @)&$.!@.@# ;Dd
;lrj >L uh]Gb||s'df/ 7fs'/ @)&$.!@.@* b]lv @)&%.)#.)^ ;Dd
;lrj >L vu/fh j/fn @)&$.!@.@% b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 7142690 14.77
>d, /f]huf/ tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;lrj>L nId0fk|;fb d}gfnL @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.!@.@* ;Dd
30 dGqfno ;lrj>L dx]zk|;fbbfxfn @)&$.!@.@( b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 73633 0.17
;lrj >L dx]Gb|dfg u'?ª @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.)&.!# ;Dd
31 ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfno ;lrj >L s]bf/jxfb'/ clwsf/L @)&$.)&.!$ b]lv @)&$.!@.@% ;Dd
;lrj >L dx]Gb|dfg u'?ª @)&$.!@.@^ b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 1458876 10.45
32 ;x/L ljsf; dGqfno ;lrj >L lbk]Gb|gfyzdf{ @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 5637232 18.44
;lrj >L ledk|;fbpkfWofo @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.)%.!$ ;Dd
;lrj >L s[i0f/fhlj=;L @)&$.)%.!% b]lv @)&$.)(.!# ;Dd
33 vfg]kfgLdGqfno ;lrj >L uh]Gb|s'df/ 7fs'/ @)&$.)(.!$ b]lv @)&$.!@.#) ;Dd
;lrj >L s[i0f/fhlj=;L= @)&%.)!.)! b]lv @)&%.)#.)$ ;Dd
;lrj >L uh]Gb|s'df/ 7fs'/ @)&%.)#.)% b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 6044007 22.54
;lrj >L lbg]zs''df/ yklnof ;lrj >L @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd
;ª\3Lo dfldnftyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g
34 dGqfno
df]xgs[i0f ;fksf]6f @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.)&.#) ;Dd
;lrj >L z+s/k|;fbsf]O/fnf @)&$.)*.)! b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 4159906 6.59
;lrj >L ls/0f /]UdL @)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.)*.#) ;Dd
35 :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno
;lrj >L k'ikfrf}w/L @)&$.)(.)! b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 1494412 4.77
@)&$.)$.)! b]lv @)&$.!@.@% ;Dd
;lrj >L lji0f'k|;fb nD;fn, ;lrj >L
36 /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno
z/brGb| kf}8]n ;lrj>L nId0f cof{n
@)&$.!@.@^ b]lv @)&%.)@.!^ ;Dd
@)&%.)#.)& b]lv @)&%.)#.#@ ;Dd 1776 0.19

cg';"rL–@#
-k|ltj]bgsf] kl/R5]b @ bkmf $=@ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
n]vfk/LIfs k/fdz{ u/]sf ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% df lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/Lsf] gfdfjnL
qm=;+= ;+ul7t ;+:yf÷;ldltsf] gfd lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/L sfo{ cjlw

1. g]kfn cfon lgud, aa/dxn, sf7df8f}F sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs >L z'lzn e§/fO{, @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
2. cf}Bf]lus If]q Joj:yfkg lnld6]8, afnfh', sf7df8f} dxfk|aGws >L gGblszf]/ a:g]t @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
3. g]kfn b'/;~rf/ sDkgL lnld6]8, eb|sfnL, sf7df8f}F sfo{sf/L clws[t >L sfldgL /fhe08f/L @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
4. s[lif ljsf; a}s ln= /fdzfxky, sf7df8f}F k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t, lnnfk|;fb l;6f}nf @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
5. /fli6«o aLdf ;+:yfg, /fdzfxky, sf7df8f} k|zf;s >L clZjg s'df/ 7fs'/, @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&$.%.!( ;Dd
k|zf;s >L sla k|;fb kf7s
@)&$.%.@) b]lv )&%.#.#@ ;Dd
6. /fli6«o aLdf sDkgL lnld6]8, /fdzfxky, sf7df8f} sfo{sf/L k|d'v >L aL/laqmd /fodfemL @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
7. g]kfn cf}Bf]lus ljsf; lgud, b/af/dfu{, sf7df8f}F sfo{sf/L k|d'v, >L ls/0f s'df/ >]i7 @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
8. g]kfn :6s PS:r]Gh lnld6]8 l;+xb/af/ Knfhf, sf7df8f}F k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t >L rGb| l;+x ;fpb @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
9. hnljB't\ nufgL tyf ljsf; sDkgL aa/dxn, sf7df8f}F k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t, >L 5lj/fh kf]v/]n @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
10. lrlnd] hnljB't sDkgL w'Da/fxL, sf7df8f}+ k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t, >L bfdf]b/eQm >]i7 @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
11. lrlnd] Ol~hlgol/ª P08 ;le{;]h sDkgL ln= afF;af/L, sf7df08f} k|jGw ;~rfns 8f=k|zfGt d08n @)&$ >fa0f b]lv df3;Dd
k|jGw ;~rfns >L k|a]z laqmd yfkf
@)&$ kmfu'gb]lv @)&% c;f/;Dd
12. /]ld6 xfO8«f] sDkgL lnld6]8 aa/dxn, sf7df8f}F ;+of]hs >L 5ljnfn kf]v/]n @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
13. hub'Nnf xfO8«f] kfj/ sDkgL lnld6]8 a'4gu/ sf7df08f} k|jGw ;~rfns >L ;'/]Gb|s'df/ pk|]tL @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
14. lqz'nL hnljB't sDkgL lnld6]8 jg:ynL, sf7df8f}F sfo{sf/L k|d'v >L df]xg uf}td @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
15. gnuf8 xfO8«f] kfj/ sDkgL ln= ljlk;L ljN8L‹, a'4gu/, sf7df08f} k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t >L g/]Gb| l;+x e08f/L @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
16. /;'jfu9L xfO8«f] kfj/ sDkgL ln nflhDkf6, sf7df08f} sfo{sf/L k|d'v >L dfwa k|;fb sf]O{/fnf @)&$ >fj0fb]lv d+l;/;Dd
sfo{sf/L k|d'v >L laZj dNn
@)&$ d+l;/b]lv @)&% c;f/;Dd

17. kfj/ 6\fG;ld;g sDkgL lnld6]8, ;fg]kf, nlntk'/ cWoIf >L s'ndfg l3l;+u @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
18. ck/ tfdfsf]zL xfO{8«f]kfj/ sDkgL lnld6]8, 1fg]Zj/, sf7df8f}F sfo{sf/L k|d'v >L lj1fg k|;fb >]i7 @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
19. ljB't\ pTkfbg sDkgL lnld6]8 yfkfufFp, sf7df8f}+ k|aGw ;~rfns >L df]xg/fh kGt @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
20. ;fGh]g hnljB't sDkgL ln= skgdfu{, dxf/fhuFh, sf7df08f} pk sfo{sf/L clws[t >L ls/0f s'df/ >]i7 @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
21. dWo ef]6]sf]zL hnljB't sDkgL ln dxf/fhu~h sf7df08f} k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t >L dl0fs'df/ sfkm\n] @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
22. g]kfn a}s lnld6]8 k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t >L b]j]Gb| k|tfk zfx @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
23. /fli6«o afl0fHo a}s ln= l;Fxb/jf/ Knfhf, sf7df8f}F k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t >L ls/0f s'df/ >]i7 @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
24. cf/ la la dr]{G6 a}lsFu ln 6]s', sf7df08f} sfo{sf/L k|d'v >L /d]z axfb'/ e08f/L @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
25. l;l8P; P08 lSnol/+u sDkgL lnld6]8, k'tnL;8s, sf7df8f} k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t >L b]jk|sfz u'Ktf @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
26. g]kfn d]6n sDkgL ln= sfo{sf/L k|d'v >L ljZjxl/ 9'+u]n @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
27. a'6jn wfuf] sf/vfgf lnld6]8 pBf]u ljefu, lqk'/]Zj/, sf7df8f} lg=dxfk|aGws >L 8f]n/fh zdf{ @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
28. bf]nfvf b'Uw pBf]u lnld6]8 r/Lsf]6, bf]nfvf cWoIf >L nfn s'df/ s]=;L= @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
29. PgOP OlGhlgol/Fu sDkgL ln= 6]«8 6fj/, yfkfynL, sf7df08f} k|jGw ;~rfns >L lht]Gb|b]j zfSo @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
30. /fli6«o pTkfbsTj tyf cfly{s ljsf; s]Gb|, afnfh' cf}Bf]lusIf]q , sf7df8f}+ dxfk|aGws >L cGhgf tfd|fsf/ @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
31. lxdfn l;d]G6 sDkgL, b/jf/dfu{ sf7df8f}F k|d'v clws[t >L gf/fo0f lj=;L= @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
32. ;femf k|sfzg k'Nrf]s nlntk'/ dxfk|jGws >L 8f]n]Gb| k|;fb zdf{ @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
33. ;femf :jf:Yo ;]jf dxfk|aGws >L z+s/ 9sfn @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
34. ;femf e08f/, sf7df8f}F dxfk|jGws >L cd/ yfkf @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
35. ;femf oftfoft dxfk|jGws >L dx]Gb|/fh kf08] @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
36. c?0f xfO8|«f] lnld6]8, b/jf/dfu{, sf7df08f}+ k|jGws ;+rfns >L ljZjWjh hf]zL @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
37. pQ/uFuf kfj/ sDkgL ln, b/jf/dfu{ sf7df8f}+ k|jGw ;Frfns >L lza afns lu/L @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd
38. g]kfn cf]l/P06n DofUg];fO6 k|f=ln=,dWo afg]Zj/, sf7df08f} sfo{sf/L k|d'v lbg]z/fh e§/fO{ @)&$.$.! b]lv @)&%.#.#@ ;Dd

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8 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] 5kGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&%

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plNnlvt tflnsfcg';f/ /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfsf] ef}lts k|ult ldl>t b]lvPsf] 5 .

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13 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] 5kGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&%

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19 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] 5kGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&%

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22 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] 5kGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&%

23 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] 5kGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&%

24 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] 5kGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&%

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cg'udg tyf a]?h"

26 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] 5kGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&%

27 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] 5kGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&%

28 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] 5kGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&%

29 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] 5kGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&%

32 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] 5kGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&%

34 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] 5kGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&%

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35 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] 5kGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&%

37 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] 5kGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&%

40 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] 5kGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&%

43 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] 5kGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&%

48 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] 5kGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&%

51 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] 5kGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&%

 ;dli6ut cfly{s l:ylt

52 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] 5kGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&%

53 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] 5kGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&%

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60 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] 5kGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&%

 ah]6 th'{df tyf sfof{Gjog

61 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] 5kGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&%

62 dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] 5kGgf}F jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)&%

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 ljsf; ;xfotf kl/rfng

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