Transport Phenomena 18.C.

4
Estimation of the required length of an isothermal reactor (Fig. 18.3-1). Let a be the area of
catalyst surface per unit volume of a packed-bed catalytic reactor and S be the cross-sectional
area of the reactor. Suppose that the rate of mass flow through the reactor is w (in lb,/hr, for
example).
(a) Show that a steady-statemass balance on substance A over a length dl of the reactor
leads to
dω A 0 Sa N A M A
= (18C.4-1)
dl w
(b) Use the result of (a) and Eq. 18.3-9, with the assumptions of constant δ and DAB to
obtain an expression for the reactor length L needed to convert an inlet stream of
composition xA(0) to an outlet stream of compositionx,(L).
(Hint:Equation (P)of Table 17.8-1may be useful.)

Solution :

Fig. 18-3-1. (a) Schematic diagram of a catalityc reactor in which A is being conv erteed
to B.

wω A 0|❑l ❑
w ω A 0|l +∆❑l

∆l

l l+∆ l

a. The steady state mass balance over a length ∆l of the reactor is :

wω A 0|❑l−w ω A 0|l+∆❑l− ( S ∆l ) a n A =0

wω A 0|❑l−w ω A 0|l+∆❑l− ( S ∆l ) a n A =0

: w ∆l
 Sehingga menjadi ;

ω A 0|❑l−ω A 0|l+ ∆❑l Sa n A

− =0
∆l w

Limit ∆ l 0

Sehingga menjadi :

ω A 0|❑l−ω A 0|l +∆❑l Sa n A

lim ¿∆ l → 0 − =0 ¿
∆l w

−dω A 0 Sa n A
− =0
dl w

dω A 0 −Sa n A
=
dl w

atau

dω A 0 Sa N A M A
=
dl w

(b)
(Hint: Equation (P) of Table 17.8-1 may be useful.)
dω A 0 Sa N A M A
=
dl w
2 c D AB 1
N AZ =
δ
ln
( 1
1− X A 0
2 )
equation(18.3−9)

n α =M α N α

dx A 0
M A MB ( ) dl Sa M A 2 c D AB 1
( M A x A 0+ M B x B 0 )
2
=
w δ
ln
( 1
1− X A 0
2 )
XA L
MB dx A 0
=∫ dl
2 Sac D AB ∫ 12
X A0
[ M A x A 0+ M B ( 1−x A 0 ) ] ln 1− 2 x A 0( ) L0
 XA
MB dx A 0
L=
2 Sac D AB X∫ 2 1
A0
[ M A x A 0 + M B ( 1−x A 0 ) ] (
ln 1− x A 0
2 )