Perceptual laws of organization

Submitted by
Name: Hajra Khan
Sap: 1536
Semester: 6th
Submitted to
Name: Mr. Javed
Department: social sciences and humanity
Faculty: applied psychology
 Perceptual laws of organization

German psychologists Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler, and Kurt Koffka founded
Gestalt psychology that focused on how we interpret the world around us. Gestalt psychology
had further established few principles that explains how people perceive the world.

Law of similarity

Elements appear more related to us if it has similar visual appearance. E.g. elements
having similar colour, shape and size etc.

Law of symmentry

Elements that are symmetrical ( similar parts of objects facing each other ) to each other
are perceived as unified group.

Law of common region

Elements are perceived as belonging to a group if they are grouped together within
same region. E.g. elements bordered or separated from outside elements.

Figure ground

It involves identifying figure from background. We are able to perceive which elements
are placed in the foreground and with ones are in the background intuitively.
law of proximity

we perceive objects near to each other as belonging to a group whereas items further
apart are less likely to be grouped together.

Law of continuity

Objects arranged in lines or curves are perceived as grouped together because the line is
perceived to continue its direction.

Law of closure

Our brain tends to fill the missing gaps in information such as in objects. E.g. if there is
a break in the object, we perceive the object as continuing in a smooth pattern.

Common fate principle

Objects moving in same direction are perceived as belonging to same group.