Integrated Services Digital

Network (ISDN)

SUHAIL Q. MIR
suhailmir@uok.edu.in

MSc. IT
Directorate of Information Technology & Support Systems
University of Kashmir
 Thought Process Behind ISDN

TELECO

MODEM
MODEM
ISP

INTERNET
 Integrated Digital Network (IDN)
A combination of networks available for different purposes.

Access to these networks is by digital pipes

digital pipes – time-multiplexed channels sharing very-high-speed

paths.

Teleco
+ ISP

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 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

ISDN incorporates all communication connections

in a home or building into a single interface

With ISDN all customer services will become digital

rather than analog.
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Introduction

Developed by ITU-T in 1978 (actually development started afterwards

, but the plan was chalked out in 1978)

Set of protocols and standards that combines digital telephony and

data transport services. The whole idea is to digitize the telephone
network to permit the transmission of audio, video and text over
existing telephone lines.

The goal is to form a WAN that provides universal end-to-end

connectivity over a digital medium.

Some Digital Signalling Standards:

Digital Access Signalling System (DASS1), DASS2, Q.931

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ISDN Services
Supplimentary
Bearer Services

Video Voice Text Data

Network Services

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ISDN Services
1. Network services

• Network services carry the interactions between the user and the
network

• For example: setting up calls and disconnecting them

• The user can use Network Services to request the network to perform
Functions such as making and clearing calls, transferring calls to another
user, and so on.

• This activity is known as signalling.

Thus Network services provide control and signalling between the user
and the network

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ISDN Services
2. Bearer services

• Bearer services carry data between two users

Bearer services provide connections between users across the network for
the transfer of data, voice, text, video, fax etc.

3. Supplementary Services

provide additional functionality to the bearer services and Network

Services, like :

Multiple Subscriber Number,Malicious Call Identification, Call transfer, Call

Forwarding, Call waiting, Call Hold, Calling Line Identification Presentation
etc

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 Subscriber Access Options

Channel Data Rates

• B (Bearer) channel (Kbps)
– basic user channel
– Can carry any type of digital info in Bearer (B) 64
Full-duplex mode
– Carries transmissions end-to-end
Delta (D) 16, 64
• D (Delta) channel
Hybrid (H) 384 (H0),
– Primary function is to carry control
signaling for the B channel
1536(H11),
1920(H12),
– Acts like an operator between the 138240(H4)
user and the network .
H Channels
- For high data rate applications such as
video, teleconferencing and so on

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 Subscriber Access Options

• Basic rate interface (BRI)

• Primary rate interface (PRI)

– Each type is suited to a different level of customer

needs

– Both include one D channel and some number of

either B or H channels

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 Basic Rate Interface (BRI)

Designed to meet the needs of residential and small-office customers

The same twisted pair local loop that delivers analog transmission
can be used to handle digital transmission

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 Primary Rate Interface (PRI)

ABove is a North American Standard and Known as T-1

In Europe, the PRI includes 30 B channels and 2 D channels

= capacity of 2.048 Mbps – Known as E1

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 Primary Rate Interface (PRI)
Also In PRI several B channels can be combined into one bigger
fatter channel called an H channel.
There are several different speeds of H channel.

The most common, H0, is 384Kbps, or 6 B channels.

H11 is 24 B channels,

H12 is 30 B channels,

H21 provides 32Mbps (512 B channels);

H22 provides 44Mbps (690 B channels);

and H4 provides 135Mpbs (2112 B channels),that is compressed HDTV for u.

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 Functional Grouping or Functions
Defines the function of
each type of equipment

NT – network termination
TE – terminal equipment

NT1
• Controls the physical & electrical termination of the ISDN at the user’spremises

• Connects the user’s internal system to the digital subscriber loop

• Organizes the data streams from a connected subscriber into frames that can
be sent over the digital pipe

• Translates the frames received from the network into a format usable by the
subscriber’s devices.

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NT2
• Connects multiple devices into the ISDN network.

• Provides intermediate signal processing between the data-generating devices

and an NT1

• Used primarily to interface between a multiuser system and an NT1 in a PRI.

TE1 – same thing as DTE
Device that has an ISDN interface and supports ISDN
standards.

• Ex. Digital telephones,integrated voice/data terminals,

computers with ISDN interface

TE2
• Device Which does not have a ISDN interface.
• Ex. Terminal workstation, regular telephone
• Can be used with the help of Terminal Adapter (TA)
 Reference Points
Label used to identify individual interfaces between two elements of an
ISDN installation

Defines the functions of the connections

BRI Interfaces

U interface
Single-pair twisted-
pair cable in each
direction
PRI Interfaces

U – same for
both, different
rates
 ISDN Standards

E-series —Telephone Equipment and network

standards for ISDN.

Example: E.164

E.164 is an ITU-T recommendation that defines the

international public telecommunication numbering
plan used in the PSTN and some other data networks.
It also defines the format of telephone numbers. E.164
numbers can have a maximum of fifteen digits and are
usually written with a + prefix.

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 ISDN Standards

Q-series —Standards for ISDN switching and

signaling.
Example: Q.931

is the ITU standard ISDN connection control signalling protocol, forming part
of Digital Subscriber Signalling System No. 1 (DSSS1) . Q.931 typically does
not carry user data.

ITU-T I.930 and ITU-T Q.931 defines switching and signaling methods using the D
channel.

Q.920 for BRI and Q.921 for PRI

Note: With Q.921/Q.931 the second digit indicates the OSI layer.

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 ISDN Standards
I-series —Specify ISDN concepts and interfaces or
Ideas.
Examples :
I.400 : series specifies the interface between the User Equipments and the
network (UNI) .
I.500 : series describes the general principles of internetworking and
specifies ISDN-ISDN, ISDN-PSTN and ISDN-telex internetworking principles.

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