Construction work is a hazardous land-based job.

Some construction site jobs include: building

houses, roads, tree forts, workplaces and repair and maintain infrastructures. This work includes many
hazardous task and conditions such as working with height, excavation, noise, dust, power tools and
equipment. The most common fatalities in construction are caused by falling from heights, getting
struck by objects and electrocution.

Since construction is such a high risk job safety should be of paramount importance. Nowadays
companies are trying to make the construction site a safe place to work and make it an accident free
environment. This goal can be achieved by various methods like. In India, the Building and Other
Construction Workers (Regulations and Conditions of Service), Act 1996, lays down rules and various
regulations which must be followed during construction to ensure safety of workers.

• Low Risk
• Moderate Risk
• High Risk
• Extreme Risk

• Object Falling form Height

• Electrocution
• Tripping Hazard
• Fire Hazard

1. Elimination: During construction a high risk job I first tried to be eliminated, i.e, if possible
that work will not be done to ensure safety of workers.

2. Substitute: If a high risk work cannot be eliminated during construction then it is substituted,
i.e., and alternate method of work is used which low level of risk.

3. Engineering Control: Engineering control is used to identify risk zones and risk points in a
construction site and come up method to minimize the risk and prevent accidents and fatalities
in the site. Some common used engineering control seen in the site is covering openings on
floors with iron mesh, setting up safety nets, providing temporary hand rail in staircases,
providing guard-railings on scaffoldings.

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 4. Administrative Control: Administrative Control deals with administrative side of safety like
conducting seminars, giving safety trainings, setting up banners at strategic locations to warn
workers of danger, setting up policy to reduce the level of risk every person involved in the
project.

5. Personal Protective Equipment’s: Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to protective

clothing, helmets, goggles, or other garments or equipment designed to protect the wearer's
body from injury.

An assembly point is a predetermined location at construction site where people gather after an
accident. After an accident occurs a siren is blown to inform everyone, after hearing the siren every
worker, laborers and engineers should immediately go to the assembly point. After that a head count is
done to check if any person is stuck in the building.

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Formwork is a die or a mould including all supporting structures, used to shape and support the
concrete until it attains sufficient strength to carry its own weight. It should be capable of carrying all
imposed dead and live loads apart from its own weight. Formwork has been in use since the beginning
of concrete construction.

Aluminum and plywood is in formwork for the project

Aluminium Formwork System, a comparatively a new technology

in India, saves cost, time and improves the quality of construction.
Aluminium Formwork system is very cost effective. Aluminium
Formwork panels can be designed for any component of building
such as bay windows, stairs, balconies and special architectural
features. Aluminium formwork was first made by a company called
MIVAN. It is commonly kown as MIVAN Shuttering.

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 • Wall Panels
• Top Panels
• Deck Plate
• Beam Bottom
• Beam Prop Head
• Deck Prop Head

• Smooth finishing of slab and wall

• Faster completion
• Better Durability
• Uniform Quality of Construction

• Initial setup takes time.

• Alignment maintenance needs skilled worker.
• It requires uniform planning and uniform elevation to be cost effective.

Strong, durable and light-weight artificial wooden material is used for

making concrete formwork. The thickness of the plywood ranges from
8mm to 12mm.

• Smooth finish can be achieved

• More reusable than timber shuttering
• Easier to assemble and disassemble.

1. Propping and Centering: The props used for centering may be of steel or timber. Pillars made
up of brick masonry in mud mortar are also sometimes used as props.

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2. Shuttering: Is made up of timber planks or it may be in the form of panel unit made either by
fixing ply wood to timber frames or by welding steel plates to angle framing.

3. Provision of Camber: Certain amount of deflection in structure is unavoidable. It is therefore

desirable to give an upward camber in the horizontal member of conc. Structure to counteract
the effect of deflection.

4. Surface Treatment: The formwork should be cleaned of all rubbish particularly the sawdust
savings & chippings etc. before pouring concrete. The face of the formwork in contact with
concrete should be treated with a release agent to prevent the concrete from getting struck with
the formwork.

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Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, and science of determining the terrestrial or
three-dimensional position of points and the distances and angles between them. A land surveying
professional is called a land surveyor. These points are usually on the surface of the Earth, and they
are often used to establish maps and boundaries for ownership, locations like building corners or the
surface location of subsurface features, or other purposes required by government or civil law, such as
property sales.

A total station is an electronic/optical instrument used for surveying and building construction. The
total station is an electronic theodolite integrated with an electronic distance measurement (EDM) to
read slope distances from the instrument to a particular point, and an on-board computer to collect data
and perform advanced coordinate based calculations.

• Distance Measurement
• Angle Measurement
• Coordinate Measurement
• Data Processing

The total station instrument is mounted on a tripod and is levelled by operating levelling screws.
Within a small range instrument is capable of adjusting itself to the level position. Then vertical and
horizontal reference directions are indexed using onboard keys. It is possible to set required units for
distance, temperature and pressure (FPS or SI). Surveyor can select measurement mode like fine,
coarse, single or repeated. When target is sighted, horizontal and vertical angles as well as sloping
distances are measured and by pressing appropriate keys they are recorded along with point number.
Heights of instrument and targets can be keyed in after measuring them with tapes. Then the processor
computes various information about the point and displays it on screen. This information is also stored
in the electronic notebook. At the end of the day or whenever electronic note book is full, the
information stored is downloaded to computers. The point data downloaded to the computer can be
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used for further processing. There are softwares like auto civil and auto plotter clubbed with AutoCad
which can be used for plotting contours at any specified interval and for plotting cross-section along
any specified line.

1. Handle 16. Optical Plummet Reticle Cover

2. Handle Securing Screw 17. Optical Plummet Eyepiece
3. Data Input/Output Terminal 18. Horizontal Clamp
4. Instrument Height Mark 19. Horizontal Fine Motion Screw
5. Battery Cover 20. Data Input/Output Connector
6. Operation Panel 21. External Power Source Connector
7. Tribarch Clamp 22. Plate Level
8. Base Plate 23. Plate Level Adjusting Screw
9. Levelling Foot Screw 24. Vertical Clamp
10. Circular Level Adjusting Screws 25. Vertical Fine Motion Screw
11. Circular Level 26. Telescope Eyepiece
12. Display 27. Telescope Focusing Ring
13. Objective Lens 28. Peep Sight
14. Tubular Compass Slot 29. Instrument Center Mark
15. Optical Plummet Focusing Ring

• Field work is carried out very fast.

• Accuracy of measurement is high.
• Manual errors involved in reading and recording are eliminated.
• Calculation of coordinates is very fast and accurate. Even corrections for temperature and
pressure are automatically made.
• Computers can be employed for map making and plotting contour and cross-sections. Contour
intervals and scales can be changed in no time.

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 • The instrument is expensive
• Skilled surveyors are required to operate the total station
• Correction or checking cannot be conducted in the field.

Auto Level is a leveling instrument similar to dumpy level. It uses a compensator mechanism to keep
the line of sight horizontal even if it is not perpendicular to the vertical axis.

Set up the tripod at just above chest height. Make sure it is stable, and mount the level on the top.
Adjust the leveling screws until the pond bubble is centralized. As long as the pond bubble is central,
the automatic compensators are able to finely level the instrument. To ensure this is the case, whilst
looking through the scope, gently tap the level. The view will waver for a few moments before
steadying. If this does not happen, the instrument is not level enough for the compensators to cope,
and needs adjustment. Sight towards the staff using the gun sight. Look through the eyepiece and
focus the reticle by gradually turning the reticle focusing ring anti-clockwise. Turn the focusing knob
to focus on the staff. Turn the fine motion screw to centre the staff in the field of view. Turn the
focusing knob to eliminate parallax between the staff and reticle.

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• Easy to operate
• Can be used in medium and large projects
• Highly reliable
• Highly accurate

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A construction requires various kinds of machineries. Therefore, the mechanical department is an
important department, it is tasked with maintain and operating all the machineries required for the
construction. The various machineries used in the project are:

➢ Make: Schwing Stutter ➢ Capacity: 30 m3/h

➢ Model: CP30 ➢ Function: Mixing concrete

➢ Make: Putzmeister ➢ Capacity: 70 m3/h

➢ Model: BSA-1407D ➢ Function: Pumping concrete to
required heights

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➢ Make: JCB ➢ Capacity: 1 m3 (Front) and 0.23 m3
➢ Model: 424B (Rear)
➢ Function: Transporting material and
light excavation work

➢ Make: Jaymac ➢ Capacity: 42 mm dia.

➢ Model: E42 ➢ Function: Cutting reinforcement bars

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➢ Make: Jaymac ➢ Capacity: 42 mm dia.
➢ Model: E42 ➢ Function: Cutting reinforcement bars

➢ Make: TATA ➢ Capacity: 10 m3

➢ Model: 1613 ➢ Function: Transporting materials

➢ Make: Ashok Leyland/Greaves ➢ Capacity: 6 m3

➢ Model: 2516/SHN6C ➢ Function: Transporting concrete mix

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➢ Make: Jianglu ➢ Capacity: 10 tons
➢ Model: 9TZ6516 ➢ Function: Lifting materials

➢ Make: ACE ➢ Capacity: 10 ton

➢ Model: Rhino 110C ➢ Function: Material shifting and
transporting

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The machineries used in the construction site either run on fuel or electricity. Thus a huge amount of
electricity is needed in order to run the construction site properly. The electrical department is tasked
with the responsibility of providing the required amount of electricity for smooth operations. The
electrical department plans and oversees the distribution of power for the entire site and selects a
suitable power source

1. Power Grid: Since the site was close to a city the power was directly tapped from the cities
electrical grid.

2. Diesel Generator: A diesel generator is kept at the site for backup purpose. If there is break in
supply from the city grid. The backup generator would supply electricity to the necessary
machines and keep the site operational

• Motor
• Contractor
• Relay
• Programmable Logic Circuit (PLC)

A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit
from damage caused by excess current, typically resulting from an overload or short circuit. Its basic
function is to interrupt current flow after a fault is detected. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and
then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset to resume normal operation. It is used to ensure
safety and prevent electrocution.

• ELCB: An Earth-leakage circuit breaker or ELCB is a safety

device used in electrical installations with high Earth impedance to
prevent shock. It detects small stray voltages on the metal
enclosures of electrical equipment, and interrupts the circuit if a
dangerous voltage is detected.

• MCB: Miniature Circuit Breakers or MCB are electromechanical devices

which protect an electrical circuit from an overcurrent. The overcurrent, in
an electrical circuit, may result from short circuit, overload or faulty
design. An MCB is a better alternative to a Fuse since it does not require
replacement once an overload is detected. Unlike fuse, an MCB can be
easily reset and thus offers improved operational safety and greater
convenience without incurring large operating cost.

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• MCCB: Moulded Case Circuit Breakers or MCCB is an
electrical protection device used when load current exceeds the
capabilities of a MCB.

• RCCB: Residual Current Circuit Breaker or RCCB is the most

efficient circuit breaker. It disconnects a circuit whenever it
detects that the electric current is not balanced between the
phase conductor and the neutral conductor.

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Various kinds of materials, equipment, protective gears etc. are required during construction. It is the
responsibility of the store department to procure these materials and maintain inventory. The store
department must also manage the flow of material.

1. Engineers give the list of requirements to the store department.

2. The requirement list given to the purchase department.
3. Purchase department contacts production division.
4. Production department issue a tender for supply of material.
5. Supplier is chosen who can deliver quality product with reasonable price.
6. Suppliers issue tender for supply of raw materials and a company is chosen
7. Supplier makes the product as per the specifications given by the production department using the raw
materials.
8. The material is set to the company.

• Materials are bought at reasonable price.

• Quality of material should be good.
• Material should available at the store at all times.
• Budget should be maintained.

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Quality control (QC) is a procedure or set of procedures intended to ensure that a manufactured
product or performed service adheres to a defined set of quality criteria or meets the requirements of
the client or customer. Quality assurance (QA) is defined as a procedure or set of procedures intended
to ensure that a product or service under development meets specified requirements. QA is sometimes
expressed together with QC as a single expression, quality assurance and control (QA/QC).

Quality assurance and control of materials used in construction are necessary to ensure that
construction is done by the specifications. If low grade materials are used in construction, the projects
longevity will reduce.

• Durable product.
• Healthy competition.
• Increase of brand value of the company

• Cement
• Fine Aggregate
• Coarse Aggregate
• Admixture

In accordance with IS 4031 tests on cement are carried out to determine:

• Normal consistency
• Initial and Final Setting Time
• Compressive Strength after 3, 7 and 28 days.

In accordance with IS 383 the following test are carried out on fine aggregate:
• Sieve Analysis
• Moisture Content

In accordance with IS 516 the following test are carried out on concrete:
• Compressive Strength Test
• Workability Test
• Slump Test

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In accordance with IS 2386 the following test are carried out on coarse aggregate:
• Sieve Analysis
• Determination of Impact Value
• Determination of Crushing Value
• Flakiness and Elongation Test

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Bar Bending Schedule, commonly referred to as BBS is a comprehensive list that describes the
location, mark, type, size, length and number, and bending details of each bar or fabric in a
Reinforcement Drawing of a Structure. This process of listing the location, type and size, number of
and all other details is called Scheduling. In context of Reinforcement bars, it is called bar scheduling.
In short, Bar Bending Schedule is a way of organizing rebars for each structural unit, giving detailed
reinforcement requirements.

1. The bars should be grouped together for each structural unit, e.g. beam, column, etc.
2. In a building structure, the bars should be listed floor by floor
3. For cutting and bending purposes schedules should be provided as separate A4 sheets and not
as part of the detailed reinforcement drawings.
4. The form of bar and fabric schedule and the shapes of bar used should be in accordance with IS
codes
5. It is preferable that bars should be listed in the schedule in numerical order.
6. It is essential that the bar mark reference on the label attached to a bundle of bars refers
uniquely to a particular group or set of bars of defined length, size, shape and type used on the
job.
7. This is imperative as a bar mark reference can then point to a class of bar characteristics. Also,
this helps steel fixers and laborers keep track of the type and number of bars needed to
complete a certain work.

• When Bar bending schedule is available, cutting and bending of reinforcement can be done at
factory and transported to site. This increases faster execution at site and reduces construction
time and cost due to less requirement of workers for bar bending. Bar bending also avoids the
wastage of steel reinforcement (5 to 10%) and thus saves project cost.
• Using bar bending schedule for when used for Fe500, it saves 10% more steel reinforcement
compared to fe415.
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• It improves the quality control at site as reinforcement is provided as per bar bending schedule
which is prepared using the provisions of respective detailing standard codes.
• It provides the better estimation of reinforcement steel requirement for each and every
structural member which can be used to compute overall reinforcement requirement for entire
project.
• It provides better stock management for reinforcement. Steel requirement for next phase of
construction can be estimated with accuracy and procurement can be done. This prevents
stocking of extra steel reinforcement at site for longer time, preventing corrosion of
reinforcement in case of coastal areas. It also prevents shortage of reinforcement for ongoing
work by accurate estimation and thus concrete construction works can proceed smoothly.
• Bar bending schedule is very much useful during auditing of reinforcement and provides
checks on theft and pilferage.
• Bar bending schedule can be used for reinforcement cutting, bending and making skeleton of
structural member before it can be placed at the required position. Other activities such as
excavation, PCC etc. can precede parallel with this activity. So, overall project activity
management becomes easy and reduces time of construction. It becomes helpful in preventing
any damages due to construction time overrun.
• It provides benchmarks for quantity and quality requirements for reinforcement and concrete
works.
• Bar bending schedule provides the steel quantity requirement much accurately and thus
provides an option to optimize the design in case of cost overrun.
• It becomes easy for site engineers to verify and approve the bar bending and cutting length
during inspection before placement of concrete with the use of bar bending schedule and helps
in better quality control.
• It enables easy and fast preparation of bills of construction works for clients and contractors.
• The quantity of reinforcement to be used is calculated using engineering formulas and standard
codes, so there is no option for approximate estimation of steel reinforcement.
• With the use of bar bending schedule, mechanization of cutting and bending of reinforcement
can be done, again reducing the cost and time of project and dependency on skilled labor
requirement. It also improves the reliability on accuracy of bar cutting and bending.
• When mechanized bar cutting and bending is used, the cost of reinforced concrete work per
unit reduces and helps in cost optimization of construction project.

• Detailer
• Person checking the drawing
• Contractor who orders the reinforcement
• Organization responsible for fabricating the reinforcement
• Steel fixer
• Clerk of works or other inspector
• The quantity surveyor

1. Bond length: Generally it is 50d unless otherwise mentioned in the design.

2. Lap length: This is the length of overlap required for extension of a rod, when it falls short.

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3. Cover: when the reinforcements are finally placed, a clear cover block is provided from
the edge of the structure to avoid exposure of reinforcements from concrete surface.

4. Elongation factor: When the steel rod is bent, it’s length increase so we have to decrease the
cutting length.

5. Clear span: Clear span is a term to describe the distance between two inside span of that span
supports.

6. Cutting length: The length which we have needed for cut off a piece to provide where as its
requirement.

7. Bend length: The length of each detour is called Bend length.

• Up to 25mm top bar elongation factor = 3d

• Above 25mm top bar elongation factor = 4d
• Lapping length for main support embedded = 50d (d is the smallest dia bar)
• Bend in stirrups = 20d 90 degree bends allowance for slab = 9d or 10d
• Bend length in ‘S’ links = 24d
• Extra top bar = L/4 or L/3 (where L is the effective length)
• Vertical bar cutting length = floor height + lap length
• Chair height = Depth of the foundation-(2*cover)-(bottom rod + 2*top rod)

• Fe550 in diameters 7mm and 8.7mm

• Fe500 in diameters 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, 16mm, 20mm, 25mm

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Planning scheduling is an important part of the construction management. Planning and scheduling
helps the engineers to complete the project in time and within the budget.

• Finishes in the shortest possible time.

• Uses the right amount of resources
• Provides the quality of output under given budget
• Avoid injury or any damage at construction site
• Very less amount of wastage of raw material
• Keeps up to the expectation of the client and maintains transparency of work.

• Manpower
• Machinery
• Material
• Management
• Money

1. Master Plan - contains details of the main factors of construction and the schedule of the plan.

2. Logistics plan- Contains details of the supporting factor, like infrastructure of the area
surrounding the construction area, roads both inside and outside the area, water supply etc.

• Daily Progress Report (DPR): Summary of hourly and daily conditions events at a worksite
on every workday, prepared for the offsite project administrators. An essential document in
construction projects, it records the number of workers/employees and work equipment at the
construction site, exact time the work began and ended, job progress, weather, accidents (if
any), etc. and it serves as an evidence in case of disputes.

• Weekly Progress Report (WPR): A report which summarizes all workday events weekly is
known as weekly progress report.

• Monthly Progress Report (MPR): A report which summarizes all workday events monthly is
known as monthly progress report.

• Yearly Progress Report (YPR): A report which summarizes all workday events yearly is
known as yearly progress report.

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In the project the block work consists of AAC block. ACC or Autoclaved Aerated Concrete is a
Lightweight, Load-bearing, High-insulating, Durable building product, which is produced in a wide
range of sizes and strengths. AAC Blocks is lightweight and compared to the red bricks AAC blocks
are three times lighter.

• Improved thermal efficiency reduces the heating and cooling load in buildings.
• Porous structure allows for superior fire resistance.
• Workability allows accurate cutting, which minimizes the generation of solid waste during use.
• Resource efficiency gives it lower environmental impact in all phases of its life cycle, from
processing of raw materials to the disposal of waste.
• Light weight saves cost & energy in transportation, labor expenses, and increases chances of
survival during seismic activity.[6]
• Larger size blocks leads to faster masonry work.
• Reduces the cost of the project.
• Environmentally friendly: When used, it helps to reduce at least 30% of environmental waste
as opposed to going with traditional concrete. There is a decrease of 50% of greenhouse gas
emissions. When possible, using autoclaved aerated concrete is a better choice for the
environment.
• Energy savings: It is an excellent property that makes it an excellent insulator and that means
the interior environment is easier to maintain. When it is used, there is usually not a need for
any supplementary insulation.
• Fire resistant: Just like with regular concrete, ACC is fire resistant. This material is completely
inorganic and not combustible.
• Great ventilation: This material is very airy and allows for the diffusion of water. This will
reduce the humidity within the building. ACC will absorb moisture and release humidity; this
helps to prevent condensation and other problems that are related to mildew.
• Non-toxic: There are no toxic gases or other toxic substances in autoclaved aerated concrete. It
does not attract rodents or other pests nor can it be damaged by such.
• Lightweight: Concrete blocks that are made out of ACC weigh about one-fifth of typical
concrete. They are also produced in sizes that are easy to handle for quick construction.
• Accuracy: The panels and blocks made of autoclaved aerated concrete are produced to the
exact sizes needed before they even leave the factory. There is less need for on-site trimming.

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 Since the blocks and panels fit so well together, there is a reduced use of finishing materials
such as mortar.
• Long lasting: The life of this material is extended because it is not affected by harsh climates
or extreme changes in weather conditions. It will not degrade under normal climate changes
either.
• Quick assembly: Since it is a lightweight material and easy to work with, the assembly is much
quicker and smoother.

• Installation during rainy weather: aircrete is known to crack after installation, which can be
avoided by reducing the strength of the mortar and ensuring the blocks are dry during and after
installation.
• Brittle nature: they need to be handled more carefully than clay bricks to avoid breakages.
• Fixings: the brittle nature of the blocks requires longer thinner screws when fitting cabinets and
wall hangings and wood-suitable drill bits or hammering in.

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Shear wall is a structural member used to resist lateral forces i.e. parallel to the plane of the wall. For
slender walls where the bending deformation is more, Shear wall resists the loads due to Cantilever
Action. In other words, Shear walls are vertical elements of the horizontal force resisting system. In
building construction, a rigid vertical diaphragm capable of transferring lateral forces from exterior
walls, floors, and roofs to the ground foundation in a direction parallel to their planes. Examples are
the reinforced-concrete wall. Lateral forces caused by wind, earthquake, and uneven settlement loads,
in addition to the weight of structure and occupants; create powerful twisting (torsional) forces. This
leads to the failure of the structures by shear. Shear walls are especially important in high-rise
buildings subject to lateral wind and seismic forces. Generally, shear walls are either plane or flanged
in section, while core walls consist of channel sections. They also provide adequate strength and
stiffness to control lateral displacements. The shape and plan position of the shear wall influences the
behavior of the structure considerably. Structurally, the best position for the shear walls is in the center
of each half of the building. This is rarely practical, since it also utilizes the space a lot, so they are
positioned at the ends. It is better to use walls with no openings in them. So, usually, the walls around
lift shafts and stairwells are used. Also, walls on the sides of buildings that have no windows can be
used.

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• Tidier and more workmanlike
• Easy house keeping
• Speed in erecting and dismantling forms
• Good appearance
• Greater control of accuracy and workmanship
• Bigger spacious
• The straightness of RC wall
• Superb concrete finish, quality improvement
• Hardly has skim finish crack at ceiling level.
• Lesser water seepage problem
• Strong, solid, rigid, durable and low maintenance
• Earthquake resistance

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The main objective in placing is to deposit the concrete as close as possible to its final position as
quickly and efficiently as you can, so that segregation is avoided and it can be fully compacted. The
concrete required is produced in a batching plant nearby. After mixing the concrete should be
transported to the formwork rapidly. The concrete should deposit as nearly as the final position
practically possible to prevent re-handling of concrete. The concrete should be thoroughly compacted
and worked around th reinforcement and into the corners of the formwork using vibrators.

Self-compacting concrete is used in the shear walls, does not require vibrators as it self-compacts
under its own weight. Also the depth of the shear wall would not permit the use of vibrators

After initial setting, curing compounds are applied on the surface to prevent loss of moisture causing
the concrete to crack.

• M25 used in all the slabs and beams

• M50 used in all vertical members from Ground Floor to 5th Floor
• M40 used in all vertical members from 5th Floor to 11th Floor
• M30 used in all vertical members from 11th Floor and above

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Finishing works are one of the most demanded services in construction work. Contractor focuses on
the quality of work, as well as strives to adapt the latest technologies & maintain the highest standards.

In interior design the flooring in each room is one of the main elements that create its ambience. The
texture, the raster and the colour scheme can optically increase or reduce the size of a room, they can
make it “colder” or “hotter”, they can make people walk faster or slower in public buildings. The size
of the floor tiles used is of 750 mm.

By plastering the walls and the ceilings they become even and their imperfections are corrected so that
they become smooth and geometrically straight and smooth right angles are formed where the walls
meet. Plastering covers all ducts for electrical, internet, alarm system, telephone and other cables, as
well as all heat and ventilation, heating and air-conditioning links and pipes, if they pass through some
of the walls. The plastering of the ceiling is also very important because after the fitting of the lighting
fixtures every unevenness and imperfection of the ceiling becomes quite obvious and it can upset the
harmony even of the most beautiful interior. Quality plastering is very important before painting the
walls or putting wallpaper. It is wrong to think that wallpaper would hide the imperfections of the
wall.

Window frames are extremely important both for the general appearance of the building and of the
individual rooms and for the comfort of the residents and guests. Frames can be aluminum, PVC and
wooden. They must provide good insulation both in winter and in summer – in winter to keep the
warmth inside the room and in summer – outside it.

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It was wonderful opportunity to undergo my vocational training at Elita Garden Vista. It was
wonderful learning opportunity. I got to learn how large projects are managed and planed and saw
implementation of new construction technologies and new building materials. I would like to say
thank you to all the employees of Simplex Infrastructures Ltd. for their cooperation and sharing their
knowledge and insight with us.

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