HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM IN INDIA

Introduction
Health is the birth right of every individual. Today health is considered more than a
basic human right; it has become a matter of public concern, national priority and political
action. Our health system has traditionally been a disease-oriented system but the current
trend is to emphasize health and its promotion.
Definition
Health:
WHO: defined health as “a state of complete physical, mental, social and spiritual well being
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”

WEBSTER: defined health as “ a quality of life resulting from total functioning of the
individual that empower him to achieve personally satisfying and socially useful life.”

H.S HAYMAN: defined health as “ a state of feeling sound in body, mind, and spirit with
sense of reserve power.”

Health care services:

It is defined as multitude of services rendered to individuals, families or communities
by the agents of the health services or professions for the purpose of promoting, maintaining,
monitoring or restoring health.
Definitions of health care delivery:
 Health care delivery system refers to the totality of resources that a population or
society distributes in the organization and delivery of health population services. It
also includes all personal and public services performed by individuals or institutions
for the purpose of maintaining or restoring health. -Stanhope(2001)
 It implies the organization, delivery of staffing regulation and quality control.
Philosophy of Health Care Delivery System:
 Everyone from birth to death is part of the market potential for health care services.

 The consumer of health care services is a client and not a customer.

 Consumers are less informed about health services than anything else they purchase.

 Health care system is unique because it is not a competitive market

 Restricted entry in to the health care system.
Goals/Objectives of Health Care Delivery System:
1) To improve the health status of population and the clinical outcomes of care.

2) To improve the experience of care of patients families and communities.

3) To reduce the total economic burden of care and illness.

4) To improve social justice equity in the health status of the population.

Principles of Health Care Delivery System:
1. Supports a coordinated, cohesive health-care delivery system.

2. Opposes the concept that fee-for-practice.

3. Supports the concept of prepaid group practice

4. Supports the establishment of community based, community controlled health-care system.

5. Urges an emphasis be placed on development of primary care

6. Emphasizes on quality assurance of the care

7. Supports health care as basic human right for all people.

8. Opposes the accrual of profits by health-care-related industries.

Functions of Health Care Delivery System:
1) To provide health services.

2) To raise and pool the resources accessible to pay for health care.

3) To generate human and physical sources that makes the delivery service possible.

4) To set and enforce rules of the game and provide strategic direction for all the different
players involved.
Characters of Health Care Delivery System
1) Orientation towards health.

2) Population perspectives.

3) Intensive use of information.

4) Focus on consumer.

5) Knowledge of treatment outcome.

6) Constrained resources
HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM IN INDIA
In India it is represented by five major sectors or agencies which differ from e ach other
by health technology applied and by the source of fund available. These are:
I. PUBLIC HEALTH SECTOR
A. Primary Health Care
Primary Health Centres, Sub- Centres.
B. Hospital/Health Centres
Community Health Centres, Rural Health Centres, District Hospitals/ District Health
Centre, Specialist Hospitals, Teaching Hospitals.
C. Health Insurance Schemes
Employees State Insurance

Central Government Health Scheme

D. Other Agencies
Defence services, Railways.
II. PRIVATE SECTOR
A. Private Hospitals, Polyclinics, Nursing Homes and Dispensaries.

B. General Practitioners and Clinics.

III. INDIGENOUS SYSTEMS OF MEDICINE

Ayurveda

Sidda

Unani

Homeopathy

Naturopathy

Yoga

Unregistered practioners

IV. VOLUNTARY HEALTH AGENCIES

V. NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMMES

 India is a union of 31 states and 7 Union territories. Under the constitution states are
largely independent in matters relating to the delivery of health care to the people. Each State,
therefore, as developed its own system of health care delivery, independent of the Central
Government.
Health system in India has 3 links
1. Central level. 2. State level 3. District level
Synoptic view of the health system in India

National level

State and Union Territories

District Health Organization and Basic Specialities Hospitals

Community Health
Centres Sub- District / Taluk Hospital

PHCs

Sub – Centres

Village Health Guide,

ASHAs, Trained Dais,
Anganwadi Workers

People/ Community/
Society/ Villages
Health administration at the central level
The official organs of the health system at the national level consist of 3 units:
1. Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

2. The Directorate General of Health Services.

3. The Central Council of Health and Family Welfare.

I. Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Organisation

The Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is headed by a Cabinet Minister, a
Minister of State, and a Deputy Health Minister. These are political appointment and have
dual role to serve political as well as ad ministrative responsibilities for health. Currently the
union health ministry has the following departments:
1. Department of Health

2. Department of Family Welfare

3. Department of Indian System of Medicine and Homoeopathy

a. Department of Health
It is headed by a secretary to the Government of India as its executive head, assisted by
joint secretaries, deputy secretaries, and a large administrative staff.
Functions
This includes the Union list and the Concurrent list. (Article 246 of the Constitution of India)

Union list
1. International health relations and administration of port-quarantine

2. Administration of central health institutes such as All India Institute of Hygiene and Public
Health, Kolkata; National Institute for Control of Communicable Diseases, Delhi, etc.

3. Promotion of research through research centres and other bodies.

4. Regulation and development of medical, nursing and other allied health professions.

5. Establishment and maintenance of drug standards.

6. Census, and collection and publication of other statistical data.

7. Immigration and emigration.

8. Regulation of labour in the working of mines and oil fields.

Concurrent list
The functions listed under the concurrent list are the responsibility of both the union
and state governments. The centre and states have simultaneous powers of legislation. They
are as follows:
1. Prevention of extension of communicable diseases from one unit to another.

2. Prevention of adulteration of food stuffs.

3. Control of drugs and poisons.

4. Vital statistics.

5. Labour welfare.

6. Ports other than major.

7. Economic and social health planning

8. Population control and family planning.

Department of Family Welfare

It was created in 1966 within the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The secretary
to the Government of India in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is in overall charge
of the Department of Family Welfare. He is assisted by an additional secretary and
commissioner, and one joint secretary.
The following divisions are functioning in the department of family welfare.
1. Programme appraisal and special scheme

2. Technical operations: looks after all components of the technical programme viz.
Sterilization/IUD/Nirodh, post partum, maternal and child health, UPI, etc.

3. Maternal and child health

4. Evaluation and intelligence: helps in planning, monitoring and evaluating the programme
performance and coordinates demographic research.

5. Nirodh marketing supply/ distribution.

Functions
a. To organize family welfare programme through family welfare centres.
b. To create an atmosphere of social acceptance of the programme and to support all
voluntary organizations interested in the programme.

c. To educate every individual to develop a conviction that a small family size is valuable
and to popularize appropriate and acceptable method of family planning

d. To disseminate the knowledge on the practice of family planning as widely as possible

and to provide service agencies nearest to the community
ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE HEALTH AND SERVICES
AT CENTRAL LEVEL

MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND CENTRAL COUNCIL OF HEALTH

FAMILY WELFARE

POLICY MAKING AND

CABINET MINISTERS LEGISLATION

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY

WELFARE

SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT

DIRECTOR GENERAL OF HEALTH SERVICE

ADNL. DIR. A.V ADNL. DIR. (P) ADNL. DIR. (PH) ADNL. DIR. (M)

DDA(C&B) DD (CBHI) DDG(P) DDG(M)

DDA(G) DDG(RH) ADG(M)

ADMIN SECT ION DDG(PH) DG(NCD)

ADMN.ST AFF DDA(CGHS)

ADG(ME)

DDA(C&B)

NSG ADV

DY.DIR(LIB)

ADG(OPT H)

DIR(CGHS)

ADG(CGHS)

DDA(CGHS)

CHIEFARCHT

DDG(ST ORES)
DIRECTOR A.V - Director Audio-Visual Aids.

DDG (P) - Deputy director general planning.

ADNL.DIR. (PH) - Additional Director Public Health.

ADNL.DIR. (M) - Additional Director Medicine.

DDA (C&B) - Deputy director in administration communication and

Broad casting.

DDA (G) - Deputy Director in Administration General.

ADMIN - Administration.

DIR (CBHI) - Director of Central Bureau of Health Institute.

DDG (RH) - Deputy Director General Rural Health.

DDG (PH) - Deputy Director General Public Health.

DDG (M) - Deputy Director General Medicine.

ADG (M) - Additional Deputy General Medicine.

DG (NCD) - Director General National Communicable Diseases.

DDA (CGHS) - Deputy Director of Administrative Central

Government Health Service.

ADG (ME) - Additional Director General Medical Education.

NSG ADV - Nursing Advisor.

DY.DIR (LIB) - Deputy Director in Library Science.

ADG (OPTH) - Additional Director General Opthalmology.

CHIEF ARCHT - Chief Architect.

 UNION MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE

UNION MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE

CABINET MINISTER

HEADED BY MINISTER OF STATE

DEPUTY HEALTH MINISTER

DEPARTEMENT OF HEALTH DEPARTEMENT OF FAMILY DEPARTMENT OF ISM & H

WELFARE

SECRETARY TO GOVT. OF INDIA SECRETARY TO GOVT. OF INDIA SECRETARY TO GOVT. OF

(MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY INDIA
( EXECUTIVE HEAD) WELFARE)

ADDITIONAL SECRETARY AND

COMMISSIONER (FAMILY WELFARE)

JOINT SECRETARIES JOINT SECRETARY - 1 JOINT SECRETARIES

DEPUTY SECRETARIES DEPUTY SECRETARIES

DEPUTY SECRETARIES

LARGE ADMINISTRATIVE LARGE ADMINISTRATIVE LARGE

STAFF STAFF ADMINISTRATIVE
STAFF
3. The department of Indian system of medicine and homeopathy
It was established in March 1995 and had continued to make steady progress.
Emphasis was on implementation of the various schemes introduced such as ed ucation,
standardization of drugs, enhancement of availability of raw materials, research and
development, information, education and communication and involvement of ISM and
Homeopathy in national health care.

Most of the functions of this ministry are implemented through an autonomous

organization called DGHS.

II. Directorate General of Health Services Organisation

The DGHS is the principal adviser to the Union Government in both medical and public
health matters. He is assisted by a team of deputies and a large administrative staff. The
Directorate comprises of three main units:
i. Medical care and hospitals

ii. Public health

iii. General administration

Functions
General functions:

1. The general functions are surveys, planning, coordination, programming and

appraisal of all health matters in the country.

Specific functions
1. International health relations and quarantine
All the major ports in the country and international airports are directly controlled by
Directorate General of Health Services. All matters relating to obtaining assistance
from International agencies and the coordination of their activities in the country are
undertaken by Directorate General of Health Services.
2. Control of drug standards
The Drugs Control Organization is a part of DGHS. Its primary function is to lay
down and enforce standards and control of the manufacture and distribution of drugs
through both Central and State Government Officers. It also has the powers to test the
quality of the imported drugs.
3. Medical store depot
 The union government runs medical store depots at Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata
etc. These depots supply the civil medical requirements of the Central and State
Governments. The Medical Stores Organization endeavour to ensure the highest
quality, cheaper bargain and prompt supplies.
4. Post graduate training
The DGHS is responsible for the administration of the national institutes. Such as All
India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health at Kolkata, National Institute of Mental
Health Science at Bangalore etc.
5. Medical education
The DGHS is directly in charge of the following medical colleges in India; the Lady
Hardinge, the Maulana Azad and the medical colleges at Pondicherry and Goa and
many medical colleges in country are guided and supported by the centre.
6. Medical research
The council plays a significant role in aiding, promoting and coordinating scientific
research on human diseases, their causation, prevention and cure. The research work
is done through the councils several permanent research institutes, research units,
field surveys etc. It maintains Cancer Research Centre, Tuberculosis Chemotherapy
Centre at Chennai.
7. Central government health scheme
8. National health programmes
The various health programmes for the eradication of the malaria and for the control
of tuberculosis, filaria, leprosy, AIDS and other communicable diseases are going on.
The DGHS plays a very important role in planning, guiding and coordinating all the
national health programmes in the country.
9. Central health education bureau
An outstanding activity of bureau is the preparation of education material for creating
health awareness among the people.
10. Health statistics
The DGHS is responsible for maintenance of statistics regarding health.
11. National medical library
The central medical library of DGHS was started in 1966, to help in advancement of
medical health and related sciences by collection, dissemination, and exchange of
information.
 DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF HEALTH SERVICES (DGHS)

Organization:

DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF HEALTH SERVICES

DIRECTOR GENERAL OF HEALTH SERVICES

PRINCIPAL ADVISER TO UNION GOVERNM ENT

ADDITIONAL DIRECTOR GENERAL OF HEALTH SERVICE MEDICAL AND PUBLIC

HEALTH MATTERS

TEAM OF DEPUTIES

LARGE ADMINISTRATIVE STAFFS

III. Central Council of Health

The Central Council of Health was set up by a Presidential Order on August 9, 1952,
under Article 263 of the Constitution of India for promoting coordinated and concerted action
between the centre and the states in the implementation of all the programmes and measures
pertaining to the health of the nation. The Union Health Minister is the chairman and the state
health ministers are the members.

Functions
1. To consider and recommend broad outlines of policy in regard to matters concerning
health in all its aspects such as the provision of remedial and preventive care,
environmental hygiene, nutrition, health education and the promotion of facilities for
training and research.

2. To make proposals for legislation in fields of activity related to medical and public health
matters and to lay down the pattern of development for the country as a whole.

3. To make recommendations to the Central Government regarding distribution of a vailable

grants- in-aid for health purposes to the states and to review periodically the work
accomplished in different areas through the utilisation of these grants-in-aid.

4. To establish any organisation or organisations invested with appropriate functions for

promoting and maintaining cooperation between the Central and State Health
administrations.
AT THE STATE LEVEL
Historically, the first milestone in the state health administration was the year 1919,
when the states (provinces) obtained autonomy, under the Montague-Chelmsford reforms,
from the central Government in matters of public health. By 1921-22, all the states had
created some form of public health organisation. The Government of India Act, 1935 gave
further autonomy to the states. The state is the ultimate authority responsible for health
services operating within its jurisdiction.

State health administration

At present there are 31 states in India, with each state having its own health
administration. In all the states, the management sector comprises the state ministry of Health
and a Directorate of Health.
1. State Ministry of Health
The State Ministry of Health is headed by a Minister of Health and FW and a Deputy
Minister of Health and FW. In some states, the Health Minister is also in charge of other
portfolios. The Health secretariat is the official organ of the State Ministry of Health and is
headed by a Secretary who is assisted by Deputy Secretaries, and a large administrative staff.

The major functions which are performed by the secretariat which includes the following

 Formulation, review, and modification of policy outlines.

 Execution of policies programmes etc.
 Coordination with government of India and other state governments.
 Control of smooth and efficient functioning of administrative machinery.
 ORGANIZATION PATTERN AT STATE LEVEL

M.of H&FW M. of M.E

STATE HEALTH COUNCIL

H. SECRETARY M.E SECRETARY

H.COMMISSIONER STATE POLICY MAKING

LEGISLATION&RECORDING

DSIH&FW DH&FWS D of H.S AUTO INS. DME RGUHS

(CMD)

AD RCH AD CMD AD AIDS AD PHC

LOGISTIC

OFFICER

MC(5)
JD FW RCH JD JD JD JD JD
JD JD
CMD M
R HET TB H&P
HFW LEP LAB
TH(14)
TC(5) R
DD DD DD DD DD
DC(1)
DTC(24) DD FW TB H&P LEP M PHA

Ns g.C(4)

ADNS(2)
Nsg.S(11)

LHV ANM PMB(1)

TC(4)
TC(24)
TC
M .of H&FW - Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

M.E - Medical Education.

DSIH - Director of State Institute of Health.

DH&FWS - Director of Health and Family Welfare Service.

DHS (CMD) - Director Health System Communicable Diseases.

HFW TC - Health and Family Welfare Training Centres.

DTC - District Training Centres.

AD - Additional Director.

JD - Joint Director.

RCH - Reproductive and Child Health.

CMD - Communicable Diseases.

AIDS - Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome.

PHC - Primary Health Centre.

HET - Health Education Training.

AUTO INS - Autonomous Institutions.

RGUHS - Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences.

MC - Medical Colleges.

TH - Teaching Hospitals.

DC - Dental Colleges.

PMB - Para Medical Board.

ADNS - Additional Director of Nursing Services.

LHV - Lady Health Visitor.

2. State Health Directorate
The Director of Health Services is the chief technical adviser to the state Government on all
matters relating to medicine and public health. He is also responsible for the organization and
direction of all health activities. The Director of Health and Family Welfare is assisted by a suitable
number of deputies and assistants. The Deputy and Assistant Directors of Health may be of two
types –

 Regional
 Functional.

The regional directors inspect all the branches of public health within their
jurisdiction, irrespective of their specialty. The functional directors are usually specialists in a
particular branch of public health such as mother and child health, family planning, nutrition,
tuberculosis, leprosy, health education, etc.

Responsibilities

1. It studies in depth the health problems and needs in the state and plans schemes to solve
them.
2. Provide curative and preventive services.
3. Provision for control of milk and food sanitation.
4. Assumes total responsibility for taking steps in prevention of outbreak of communicable
diseases.
5. Establishment and maintenance of central laboratories for preparation of vaccines.
6. Promotion of health education.
7. Promotion of health programmes such as family planning and school health.
8. Recruitment of personnel for rural health services.
9. Planning and carrying out surveys in relation to nutrition, health education etc.
10. Collection, tabulation and publication of vital statistics.
11. Establishing training courses for health personnel and formulating job descriptions.
Eg; for health worker, sanitary inspector.
12. Coordination of all health services with other ministeries of state such as minister of
education, agriculture with the central health ministry and voluntary agencies.
AT THE DISTRICT LEVEL

The district is the most crucial level in the administration and implementation of
medical /health services. At the district level there is a district medical and health officer or
CMO who is overall Subdivisions
i. Tehsils (talukas)

ii. Community development blocks

iii. Municipalities and corporations

iv. Villages

v. Panchayaths

Most of the districts in India are divided into two or more subdivisions, each in
charge of an assistant collector or sub-collector. Each division is again divided into tehsils in
charge of a Tehsildar. A tehsil usually comprises between 200 and 600 villages. Finally, there
are the village panchayaths, which are institutions of rural local self- government. The urban
areas of the district are organised into the following local self-government:
o Town area committee – 5,000 – 10,000

o Municipal boards – 10,000 – 2,00,000

o Corporations – population above 2,00,000.

The town area committees are like panchayaths. They provide sanitary services.

The municipal boards are headed by a chairman/president, elected usually by the members.
Corporations are headed by mayors. The councilors are elected from different wards of the city.
The executive agency includes the commissioner, the secretary, the engineer, and the health officer.
The activities are similar to those of the municipalities but on a much wider scale.
 HEALTH ORGANIZATION AT DISRICT LEVEL

HEALTH MINSTER

HEALTH SECRETARY

DIRECTOR OF H&FW

DISTRICT COMMISSIONER

DISTRICT H.O DISTRICT M.S

DFWO DLO DMO DTO

DISTRICT H.O
DNO
NSG SUPNT
NO

PHN
WARD SISTER

SENIOR HA M&F STAFF NURSES

JUNIOR HA M&F ANM

TD/CHV/AWW
DHO - District Health Officer.

DMS - District Medical Superintendent.

DFWO - District Family Welfare Officer.

DLO - District Leprosy Officer.

DMO - District Medical Officer.

DTO - District Tuberculosis Officer.

DNO - District Nursing Officer.

PHN - District Public Health Nurse.

HA M&F - Health Assistant Male and Female.

TD - Trained Dias.

CHV - Community Health Visitor.

AWW - Anganwadi Workers.

ASHA - Accredited Social Health Activitist.

ANM - Auxillary Nurse Midwives.

NSG SUPNT - Nursing Superintendent.

PANCHAYATHI RAJ
The panchayath Raj is a 3-tier structure of rural local self- government in India
linking the villages to the district. The three institutions are:
a. Panchayath – at the village level.

b. Panchayath samithi – at the block level.

c. Zilla parishad – at the district level.

The panchayathi Raj institutions are accepted as agencies of public welfare. All
development programmes are channelled through these bodies. The panchayathi Raj institutions
strengthen democracy at its root and ensure more effective and better participation of the people in
the government.

At the village level

The panchayathi Raj at the village level consists of:
1. The gram sabha

2. The gram panchayath

3. The nyaya panchayath

Gram sabha: It is the assembly of all the adults of the village,which meets atleast twice a
year. It considers proposals for taxation, discusses the annual programme and elects members
of the gram panchayat.

Gram panchayat: it is an executive organ of the gram sabha, and an agency for planning and
development at the village level. Its strength varies from 15 to 30 and covers 5000 and 15,000
population and more. Members of panchayat hold office for a period of 3 to 4 years.every
panchayat has an elected president(sarpanch), a vice president, and a panchayat secretary.
The power of panchayat secretary cover the entire field of civic administration, including
sanitation and public health and social and economic development of village.

Nyaya panchayat: it consists of 5 members from the panchayat. Its functions includesolving
of disputes between two groups, two parties etc.
At the block level

The panchayathi raj agency at the block level is the panchayath samithi. The
panchayathi samithi consists of all sarpanchs of the village panchayaths in the block. The block
development officer is the ex-officio secretary of the panchayath samithi.

The prime function of the panchayat samiti is the execution of the community development
programme in the block.

The block development officer and his staff give technical assistance and guidance to the
village panchayaths engaged in the development work.

At the district level

The zilla parishad is the agency of rural local self- government at the district level. The
members of the zilla parishad include all leaders of the panchayath samithis in the district, MPs,
MLAs of the district, representatives of SC, SD and women, and 2 persons of experience in
administration. The collector of the district is a non-voting member. Thus, the membership of the
zilla parishad is fairly large varying from 40 to 70.

The zilla parishad is primarily supervisory and coordinating body. Its functions and
powers vary from state to state. In some states, the zilla parishads are vested with the administrative
functions.
Healthcare systems
The healthcare system is intended to deliver the healthcare services. It constitutes the
management sector and involves the organisational matters. It operates in the context of the
socioeconomic and political framework of the country. In India, it is represented by five
major sectors and agencies which differ from each other by the health technology applied and
by the source of funds for the operation.
i. Public health sector

ii. Private sectors

iii. Indigenous system of medicine

iv. Voluntary health agencies

v. National health programmes

Primary healthcare in India
It is a three-tier system of healthcare delivery in rural areas based on the
recommendations of the Shrivastav Committee in 1975.
1. Village level: The following schemes are operational at the village level:
a. Village health guides scheme

b. Training of local dais

c. ICDS scheme
2. Sub-centre level:
This is the peripheral outpost of the existing health delivery system in rural areas.
They are being established on the basis of one sub-centre for every 5000 population in
general and one for every 3000 population in hilly tribal and backward areas. Each sub-
centre is manned by one male and one female multipurpose health worker.
Functions
a. Mother and child healthcare

b. Family planning

c. Immunization

d. IUD insertion

e. Simple laboratory investigations

3. Primary health centre level:
The Bhore committee in 1946 gave the concept of a primary health centre as a basic
health unit to provide as close to the people as possible. The Bhore committee aimed at
having a health centre to serve a population of 10,000 to 20,000. The national health plan,
1983 proposed reorganization of primary health centres on the basis of one PHC for every
30,000 rural population in the plains, and one PHC for every 20,000 population in hilly, trib al
and backward areas for more effective coverage.

Functions of the PHC

a. Medical care.

b. MCH including family planning.

c. Safe water supply and basic sanitation.

d. Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases.

e. Collection and reporting of vital statistics.

f. Education about health.

g. National health programmes as relevant.

h. Referral services.

i. Training of health guides, health workers, local dais, and health assistants.

j. Basic laboratory services.

STAFFING PATTERN:

Population in hilly tribal areas : 20,000

Population in rural areas(plain): 30,000

MAIN PHC

Medical officers -2 Pharmacist –1

Block extension educator – 1 Lab technichian –1

Community health nurse – 1 Opthalmic assistant – 1

Staff nurse -3 Siddha pharmacist -1

Jr. Health assistant -6 Group D workers –4

ADDITIONAL PHC

Medical officer -1

Staff nurse -3

Community health nurse/LHV -1

Male health assistant -1

Auxillary nurse mid-wife –6

Jr. Health assistant -3

Pharmacist -1

SDA/ Computer operator -1

Driver - 1

Group D worker - 4
 ORGANIZATION CHART OF PRIMARY HEALTH CENTER

MINISTER OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE

DIRECTOR OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE SERVICES

ZILLA PARISHAD

DISTRICT HEALTH OFFICER

TALUK HEALTH OFFICER

MEDICAL OFFICER FOR HEALTH LADY MEDICAL OFFICER

Sr. HAM Sr. HAF BHEO

LAB REFRACTION PHARMACIST FDA

TECHNICIAN IST(1) (1) (1)
(1)

Jr. HAM Jr. HAf

SDA (1)

DRIVER(1)

GROUP D
OFFICIALS(4)
Sr. HAM : Senior Health Assistant Male

Sr. HAF : Senior Health Assistant Female

BHEO : Block Extension Officer

FDA : First Division Assistant

SDA : Second Division Assistant

RESPONSIBILITIES OF MALE HEALTH ASSISTANT

1. Conduct survey of the sub centre area and maintain records of all families.
2. Maintain information of all vital events.
3. Participate in malaria control programme.
4. Participate in leprosy control programme.
5. Participate in family planning services by keeping list of eligible couples, provide
information on the family planning method and follow up of family planning
acceptors.
6. Identifying and reporting of all communicable diseases.
7. Co ordinate the activities with health workers and the block staff.
8. Maintaining records.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF FEMALE HEALTH ASSISTANT

1. Registration and care of prenatal, intranatal, and postnatal mothers and children at
home.
2. Registration and follow up of all eligible couples.
3. Conduct and supervise deliveries conducted by dais.
4. Immunize pregnant mother and children.
5. Refer mother and children at the time of need to hospitals and follow up them after
discharge.
6. Carry out family planning services including the distribution of contraceptives.
7. Treatment for minor ailments.
8. Prevent communicable diseases.
9. Maintenance of records and registrs of all the services provided and also of vital
events such as births and deaths.
SUB CENTRE

The Sub Centre is the peripheral outpost of the existing health care delivery system in rural
areas. They are being established on the basis of one Sub Centre for every 5000 population in
plains and one for every 3000 population in hilly, tribal and backward areas.

STAFFING PATTERN:

Population in hilly tribal areas - 3000.

Population in rural area (plains) - 5000.

M.P.H.W/ V.H.N - 1

M.P.H.W/ H.W(M) – 1

Village health guide – 1

Traditional health attendant – 1

VILLAGE LEVEL

1. Village health guides scheme.

2. Local dias.
3. Anganwadi worker.
4. ASHA workers.

The above schemes are in operation for universal coverage and equitable distribution of
health resources so that health care must penetrate into the farthest reaches of rural areas

1. VILLAGE HEALTH GUIDES.

They are from the same community and serve as a link between community and
governmental infrastructure. They undergo training in primary health centre, subcentre for
knowledge regarding primary health care. The national target is to achieve one health guide
for each village or 1000 rural population. Guidelines for selection include three months
training with stipend rupees 200 per month.

 The guidelines include:

 They should be permanent residents of the local community.
 They should be able to read and write, minimum sixth standard education.
  They should be acceptable to all sections of the community.
 They should be able to spare at least two to three hours per day for community health
work.
2. LOCAL DAIS (TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS)

Under rural health scheme training is given for all local dais in the country to improve
their knowledge in the elementary concepts of maternal and child health and sterilization,
besides obstetric skills. Training is given for 30 days with stipend of rupees 300. Training
is given at PHC, sub centre, or MCH centre. During training each dai is required to
conduct at least two deliveries under guidance and supervision of health worker female,
ANM or health assistant female. They should practice asepsis. On successful completion
of training each dais is provided a delivery kit and a certificate. They should propagate
small family norm needs. The national target is to train one local dais in each village.

3. ANGANWADI WORKERS

Angan literally means a courtyard. Under integrated child developmental service, there is
an anganwadi worker for a population of 1000. The anganwadi worker is selected from
the community she is expected to serve. She under goes training in various aspects of
health, nutrition, and child development for four months. She must have passed SSLC.

OBJECTIVES:

 To improve health status of under five children.

 To reduce incidence of mortality, malnutrition, school drop outs.
 To promote maternal education and training for child care and child rearing.

FUNCTIONS:

1. Non formal preschool education for 3 to 6 years age children.

2. Immunization.
3. Maintenance of growth chart.
4. Health and nutrition education of women and children.
5. Supplementary and therapeutic nutrition to under five, pregnant mothers, and lactating
mothers.
6. Growth monitoring and referral services.
BENEFICIARIES:

 Nursing mothers
 Pregnant women
 Other women(15 to 45 years)
 Children below the age of 6 years
 Adolescent girls

4. ASHA WORKERS UNDER NRHM

National rural health mission aims to provide accessible, affordable, accountable,
effective, and reliable primary health care and bridging gap in rural health care
through Accredited social health activist (ASHA). ASHA must be the resident of the
village – a woman preferably in the age group of 25 to 45 years with formal education
up to eighth class, having communication skills and leadership qualities. The general
norm of selection will be one ASHA for 1000 population. In tribal, hilly and desert
areas the norm could be relaxed to one ASHA per habitation. Target is to select and
train at least 40 percentage of ASHA in one year.

Community health centres

As on 31st March 2003, 3076 community health centres were established by upgrading
the primary health centres, each CHC covering a population of 80,000 to 1.20 lakh with 30 beds
and specialist in surgery, medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, and pediatrics‘ with x-ray and
laboratory facilities.

Functions
1. Care of routine and emergency cases in surgery.

2. Care of routine and emergency cases in medicine.

3. 24-hour delivery services including normal and assisted deliveries.

4. Essential and emergency obstetric cases including surgical interventions.

5. Full range of family planning services including laparoscopic services.

6. Safe abortion services.

7. Newborn care.
8. Routine and emergency care of sick children.

9. Other management including nasal packing, tracheostomy, foreign body removal, etc.

10. All national health programmes should be delivered.

11. Blood shortage facility.

12. Essential laboratory services

13. Referral services.
JOB DESCRIPTION OF NURSING PERSONNEL

PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE

Essential qualification

B.Sc degree in nursing from any university or institute or certificate in Public Health
Nursing from any recognised institution.

Professional qualification

Experience of working with rural communities.

Pay scales

The pay scale should be the same as prescribed by State Government for similar
categories of personnel under them.

Membership

The Public Health Nurse should be a member of the District Health and Family
Welfare Team in the District Health Organization and will enjoy the status equivalent to that
of the District Mass E ducation and the Information Officer.

Duties and functions

 To help in the organization of Maternal and Child Health Programme as a whole.

 To promote health and nutrition education activities through the Lady Health Visitors
and Auxillary Nurse Midwives by providing them with printed material produced by
various agencies.
 To ensure that the LHVs/ANMs/Female Multip urpose Workers, etc. Integrated
MCH/FP and Health and Nutrition/Education in their day to day activities.
  To help in developing school health programme in the district.
 To ensure regular supply of equipments, records, registers, drugs, vaccines and other
sundries necessary for MCH work.
 To ensure the maintenance of prescribed records and submission of periodical
progress of MCH/FP/Nutrition work activities.
 To help the Statistical Officer in the District Family Welfare Bereau in compiling the
periodic progress report of MCH activities.
 to provide continuing education for the female MCH/FO/functionaries in the district
through short in-service training sources.
 To work together with the functionaries of other government departments like Social
Welfare, Rural Department and Education engaged in programmes for women and
children.
 To co-operate MCH/FP activities undertaken through the voluntary organization in
the district and provide health inputs to the possible extent for mothers and children
organized in balwadis, anganwadis etc.
 To tour for a minimum of 15 days in a month and visit PHCs, Sub-centres, village
dais, balwadi etc. According to an advance programme duly approved by the District
Medical Officer/ District Family Welfare Officer.

NURRSING SUPERINTENDENT GRADE I

Educational qualification

General: Pre- university course/ 10+2 or equivalent exam

Professional : 3 years General Nursing/9months/6months Midwifery/Psychiatric Nursing

Diploma/certificate, recognised by INC.

OR

Revised GNM/Psychiatric Nursing Diploma/certificate, recognised by INC.

OR

Basic B.Sc Nursing from recognosed university according to INC norms.

Registration : Registered with the Karnataka State Nursing Council/INC

Experience: Should have experience as NS grade II.

Standard norms

There should be one NS grade I for 200 bedded hospital, one NS grade I for 2-4 NS grade II.

Job summary

NS is responsible to the Medical Superintendent, in a hospital having 200 or above bed

strength. She is accountable for the safe and efficient running of the various nursing
department in the hospital. She is assisted in carrying out her duties by DNS/ANS, ward
supervisor and clerical, linen room and domestic staff.

General and office duties

 Maintain necessary records concerning the nursing staff, student, confidential report
and health records etc.
 Submit annual report of nursing service department of Medical Superintendent, INC
and Nurses Registration Council.
 Participate in professional and community activities.
 Maintain cordial relation with public and voluntary workers.

Nursing Services

 Participate in the formulation of philosophy of the hospital in general and those

specific to nursing service.
 Determines goals, aims, objectives and policies of the nursing services.
 Implement hospital policies and rules through various nursing unit.
 Decide and recommend personnel and material requirement in nursing service
department.
 Interview and recruit nursing staff.
 Assist in student selection and recruitment
 Ensure safe and efficient nursing care.
 Make regular visit in hospital and wards.
 Take hospital rounds with Medical Superintendent.
 Select and secure proper equipment needed for hospital.
 Look after the welfare of patients, their relatives and nursing staff.
 Prepare budget for nursing service department.
  Function as a member of the condemnation for linen and other nursing home
equipment.
 Prepares duty roster and plan staff leave.
 Give guidance and counselling to the subordinate staff.
 Maintain discipline among nurses and other auxiliary staff.
 Enforces implementation of hospital rules, regulations and policies.
 Participate in hospital and inter-hospital meeting.
 Investigate complaints and take necessary action.
 Evaluate confidential staff report and recommends for promotion
 Plan staff development programme and arrange for in-service education.
 Inspect hospital kitchen and dietary services of the hospital.
 Arranges students clinical experiences.
 Initiate and participate in nursing research.

NURRSING SUPERINTENDENT GRADE II

Educational qualification

General: Pre- university course/ 10+2 or equivalent exam

Professional : 3 years General Nursing/9months/6months Midwifery/Psychiatric Nursing

Diploma/certificate, recognised by INC.

OR

Revised GNM/Psychiatric Nursing Diploma/certificate, recognised by INC.

OR

Basic B.Sc Nursing from recognised university according to INC norms.

Registration : Registered with the Karnataka State Nursing Council/INC

Experience: Should have experience as senior staff nurse.

Standard Norms

Since it is the second level nursing supervisory role, it needs at least the Nursing
Superintendent group II for three senior staff nurse (1:3).

Job Summary

She/he is responsible for developing and supervising nursing service of a department or a

floor consisting of two or more wards or units managed by the senior staff nurses. These units
may be in-patient wards, out-patient department clinics, operatio theatres, obstetric unit,
CSSD etc. She/he is responsible to the NS Gr I.

Patient care and ward/ unit management

Organises and plan the nursing care activities of the department.

Plan staffing pattern and necessary requirement for his/her department.
Complies and submit nursing statistics to the concerned authorities.
Conduct and attend to the departmental and inter-departmental meeting.
Make regular rounds of her/his department.
Look in to general comfort of patients and their relatives.
Receive report from the Night Supervisors of his/her department.
Evaluate nature and quantum of care required in each unit.
Make rotation plan for nursing staff and domestic staff under his/her jurisdiction.
Plan ward management with each ward.
Reinforces the principles of good management in the ward.
Supervises the proper use and care of equipment.
Act as the public relation officer of the unit and deal with the problem faced by the
ward supervisor.
Officiate in the absence of NS Gr I.

Educational function

 Arrange classes and clinical teaching of nursing students in the department related to
the speciality experiences
 Implement the ward teaching programme and clinical experience of the students with
the help of doctors and nurses.
 Does counselling and guidance of staff and the students.
  Arrange and conduct staff development programmes.
 Assist in planning for and participation in the training of auxiliary personnel.

General

 Escorts NS Gr I, Medical Superintendent and special visitors for hospital rounds.

 Acts as a Liaison officer between the nursing department and higher hospital
authoriyies.
 Carried out any other duties delegated by the NS Gr I.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Park K. Preventive and social medicine. Banasridas bhanot publications; 20 T H ed.

2009, p 776-815
2. Basvanthappa. B.T, Nursing Administration (2007), Jaypee Brothers Medical
Publication. New Delhi. P 535-547.
3. Gulani. Community health nursing. Kumar medical publishers; 1 ST ed. 2005. P591-
610.
4. Kasturi Sundar Rao. An introduction to community health nursing. Bi publications;
4T H ed.2004. P363-376.
5. Louis White. Foundation of skills and concepts. 1 ST ed. P 72-76.
6. Jaiwanti P. TNAI. Nursing administration and management. Dhalta publications;