TASK 1 - PROCESS

PASSIVE VOICE
For example, rather than saying “______ generates electricity,” we can instead say, “Electricity is
generated.” This is useful because we don’t know who is operating the power station, and we
are not allowed to guess at this sort of thing in IELTS. If we wanted to include the fact that the
process results in the generation of electricity, we could say it in one of two ways:

1. The flow of water through a dam generates electricity. =>Electricity is generated by the
flow of water through a dam.
2. A dam holds water back from its natural course. => The water is held back from its
natural course by a dam.

Again, the second example is passive and puts emphasis on the water, which may be more
important in that context. It also adds a degree of formality, as passive structures are a feature
of formal writing.

Sometimes we can mix active and passive voice to give some diversity to our language:
 The water flows into a lower reservoir, but at night it is pumped back up through
the system to the upper reservoir.
The first example is active and the second is passive. In the first example, the water is more
important than the reservoir, and having an active structure shows the relationship more
clearly. Water —-> reservoir. In the second, we don’t need to say what is pumping the water,
and we want the water to be more important, so we use passive voice.

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The diagram depicts a hydroelectric power station, and shows how electricity is
generated by the flow of water through a dam and other component parts.
Ultimately, water flows from one reservoir to another, producing electricity that
is sent to the national grid.

Firstly, water enters a reservoir from a river. The water is held back from its
natural course by a dam, underneath which there is an intake pipe that is open
during the day and closed at night. During the daytime, water flows down, via
gravity, to the power station, which is housed below the dam. In the power
station, the flowing water spins a generator, which produces an electrical current
that is then distributed via power lines to the national grid.

Once the water has generated this electricity, it flows into a lower reservoir, but
at night it is pumped back up through the system to the upper reservoir, ready to
begin the process again the following day.
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First of all, iron ore, yellow ore and carbon are collected to serve as a raw
material for steel rods manufacturing. After that, the raw material is melted in a
melting slit, where it is heated to a temperature in range of 1300-1500 °C. The
melted mass is then transferred to a smelting cabin to undergo refinement.
Next, the candescent metal is put in a pouring machine and poured into ingots.

In the next stage, the ingots are connected to a cooling reservoir, where the
temperature falls to 60-100 °C. Metal goes through special nozzles and cools
down, forming strands. Following this, the metal strands proceed to rollers that
change their shape. Next, the products are put into a heating machine, where
they undergo heat treatment. Subsequently, a measuring automaton completes
a surface check of the products.

After that, the metal rods are sized by special cutters and get ID stamping.
Finally, the products undergo inspection and are ready for use.