INTEGRACION

ENERGETICA
MIGUEL CÁRDENAS.
DISEÑO Y EVALUACION DE PROCESOS. 2018 -C
 Intercambiadores de Calor
Dispositivos para transferir calor de un fluido a
otro (gas o líquido)
Son accesorios de muchos equipos (columnas
de destilación, hornos y calderos, secadores,
liofilizadores, etc.)
Clases De tubos
concéntricos
De tubos concéntricos
Tubos y
cámara
De placas
Flujo cruzado
Intercambiador de Espiral
Diseño Compacto
Auto limpieza
Bajos costos operativos
por alta eficiencia
Reducido ensuciamiento
por canales curvos
Tubos transmisores térmicos
Superconductores de calor
Elementos: contenedor, fluido, malla
capilar.
Transfiere calor rápidamente de un
medio a otro.
Ecuación básica

𝑄 = 𝑚 𝐶𝑝∆𝑇
Ecuación básica

𝑄 = 𝐹𝑈𝐴∆𝑇𝑙𝑜𝑔
REDES DE INTERCAMBIO DE CALOR
DISEÑO Y EVALUACIÓN DE PROCESOS VERANO 2018-C
 TEMPERATURE-ENTHALPY
(T-H) DIAGRAMS
• Assume one heat exchanger. These are
T
alternative representations
H,in

TC,in T TH,in
TC,out
Q
TC,out
TH, out
TH, out Slopes are the
TH,in TH, out TC,in
inverse of F*Cp.
Recall that Q=F Cp ∆T

TC,out TC,in ∆H
Q
Q
 T-H DIAGRAMS
• Assume one heat exchanger and a heater
TH,in

TC,in TC,out T TH,in

Q QH TC,out

TH, out
TH, out
TH,in TH, out TC,in

TC,out ∆H
TC,in
H Q QH
QH Q
 T-H DIAGRAMS
• Assume one heat exchanger and a cooler
TH,in

TC,in TC,out
Q
T TH,in
TC,out

QC
TH, out
TH, out
TH,in TH, out TC,in
C
QC
TC,out ∆H
TC,in QC Q

Q
 T-H DIAGRAMS
• Two hot-one cold stream
TH1,in
TH2,in
T TH2,in
TC,in TC,out
Q1 Q2 TH1,in
TC,out
TH2,out TH2,out
TH2,out

TH1,in TH1,out TH1,out

TH2,in TH2, out TC,in

TC,out ∆
∆H
TC,in Q
1 Q2
Q2 Q1
Notice the vertical arrangement of heat transfer
 T-H DIAGRAMS
• Composite Curve
Obtained by lumping all the heat from different streams that are
at the same interval of temperature.
T T

∆H ∆H
Remark: By constructing the composite curve we loose information on
the vertical arrangement of heat transfer between streams
 T-H DIAGRAMS
• Moving composite curves horizontally
T T

Cooling

Heating

∆H ∆H
Smallest ∆T Smallest ∆T
TH1,in TH2,in
TH1,in TH2,in TC,in
TC,in Q1 Q2 QH TC,out
Q1 Q2
TC,out TH2,out
QC
TH1,out TH2,out TH1,out
 T-H DIAGRAMS
T Moving the cold composite
stream to the right
Cooling
• Increases heating and cooling BY
THE SAME AMOUNT
Heating • Increases the smallest ∆T
• Decreases the area needed
Smallest ∆H A=Q/(U* ∆T )
∆T TH1,in TH2,in
TC,in Notice that for this simple
Q1 Q2 QH TC,out
example the smallest ∆T
TH2,out takes place in the end of the
QC cold stream
TH1,out
 T-H DIAGRAMS

T
• In general, the smallest ∆T
Cooling can take place anywhere.
Heating
• We call the temperature at
which this takes place THE
PINCH.
∆H
 TEMPERATURE-ENTHALPY
DIAGRAMS
• From the energy point
T
of view it is then
convenient to move the
Cooling cold stream to the left.
• However, the area may
become too large.
Heating
• To limit the area, we
∆H introduce a minimum
approach ∆Tmin
 HANDS ON EXERCISE
∆H=27 MW ∆H=-30 MW

REACTOR 2
T=140 0C T=230 0C T=80 0C
T=200 0C

∆H=32 MW ∆H=-31.5 MW
REACTOR 1
T=20 0C T=40 0C
T=180 0C T=250 0C

Stream Type Supply T Target T ∆H F*Cp

(oC) (oC) (MW) (MW oC-1)
Reactor 1 feed Cold 20 180 32.0 0.2
Reactor 1 product Hot 250 40 -31.5 0.15
Reactor 2 feed Cold 140 230 27.0 0.3
Reactor 1 product Hot 200 80 -30.0 0.25

∆Tmin=10 oC
 Answer: Hot Streams

250 250
200 200
FCp=0.15

80 80
40 40 FCp=0.15

31.5 30 ∆
∆H 6 48 7.5 ∆H
 Answer: Cold Streams

230 230

180 180
140 140

20 20
∆H ∆H
32 27 24 20 15
 Answer: Both Curves Together.
Pinch
250 Point
230
200

Pinch
180 ∆T= ∆Tmin
140
determina que
80
tan cerca pueden
acercarse las
40 curvas sin violar la
20
segunda ley de la
∆H termodinámica
10 51.5 7.5
Important observation: The pinch is at the beginning of a cold stream or at
the beginning of a hot stream.
ΔT min
Aumento en los
servicios externos

Valores típicos
ΔTmin

Aumento del área de

transferencia
Las Curvas Compuestas Combinadas
son usadas para predecir objetivos
para:
– Mínima energía requerida (servicios
fríos y calientes).
– Mínima área de redes requerida
– Número mínimo de unidades de
intercambio de calor requeridas.