2.

Addition and
Subtraction
Fill in the boxes to help the mouse reach the piece of cheese.
Mathematics

500 + 50
– 30

+5
–2
– 14

+7
+ 20
536

Addition—Review
We know that putting together two or more quantities of the same kind is called addition.
The numbers added are called addends. The final result obtained after addition is called
the sum. The symbol used to indicate addition is plus (+).
2 + 3 + 4 = 9
{

addends
sum

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Addition of Large Numbers
The method for adding large numbers is the same as for adding smaller numbers.
Examples:
Find the sum of the following numbers.
1.  2476 and 8009 2.  45632 and 13247
TTh Th H T O
1 TTh Th H T O
2 4 7 6 4 5 6 3 2  otice the
N
+ 8 0 0 9 + 1 3 2 4 7 order in which
1 0 4 8 5 5 8 8 7 9 these numbers
are placed in
the two cases.
3.  24609, 125, and 42007

Mathematics
What do you
TTh Th H T O TTh Th H T O conclude?

2 2
2 4 6 0 9 2 4 6 0 9
1 2 5 or 4 2 0 0 7
+ 4 2 0 0 7 + 1 2 5
6 6 7 4 1 6 6 7 4 1

Take care
Common mistake (avoid it) to place the
ones under
TTh Th H T O TTh Th H T O the ones, the
2 4 6 0 9 2 4 6 0 9 tens under the
1 2 5 4 2 0 0 7 tens, and so
on.
+ 4 2 0 0 7 + 1 2 5
 

Choose the correct answer.

1. 25932 + 100 = ...........
(a) 26032 (b) 25942 (c) 29032 (d) 28042
2. 100 more than 29648 = ..........
(a) 29748 (b) 29658 (c) 30448 (d) 28900
3. 100 more than 64729 = ..........
(a) 64819 (b) 64829 (c) 65729 (d) 65739
4. 1000 more than 98432 = ...........
(a) 98532 (b) 99432 (c) 984420 (d) 99456
5. 64390 + 1000 = ...........
(a) 64490 (b) 65390 (c) 66780 (d) 69834
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 Adding numbers that have 1 and 0
Add 10:  Just add 1 to the digit in the tens place.
Add 100:  Just add 1 to the digit in the hundreds place.
Add 1000: Just add 1 to the digit in the thousands place.
Examples:
1.  10 more than 79647 2.  100 more than 3496 3.  1000 more than 72539
TTh Th H T O Th H T O TTh Th H T O
7 9 6 4 7 3 4 9 6 7 2 5 3 9
+ 1 0 + 1 0 0 + 1 0 0 0
7 9 6 5 7 3 5 9 6 7 3 5 3 9
Mathematics

Addition and Subtraction Together

Examples:
1. Find 304 + …………… = 332
304 + x = 332 (Let the unknown number be x)
x = 332 − 304 (Take all the known numbers to one side and let only x remain)
x = 28 (Subtract the two known numbers to find x)
304 + 28 = 332 (Check your answer)
2. 44 + 90 + 186 = ........... + 264
44 + 90 + 186 = x + 264 (Let the unknown number be x)
320 = x + 264 (Add all the known numbers on the left of ‘=’)
x = 320 − 264 (Take all the known numbers to one side and let only x
remain)
x = 56 (Subtract the two known numbers to find x)
44 + 90 + 186 = 56 + 264 (Check your answer)

EXERCISE 2.1

1. Add the following.

(a)
TTh Th H T O (b)
TTh Th H T O (c) TTh Th H T O
3 4 1 6 2 4 1 8 2 3 5 1 2 3 8
+ 1 5 2 3 6 + 2 8 1 5 6 + 2 4 2 7 6

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2. Arrange in columns and find the sum.
(a)  2432 + 146 (b)  12068 + 2437 (c)  9689 + 473
(d)  2763 + 2436 + 723 (e)  12909 + 69 + 9989 (f)  1780 + 190 + 20

3. Find the number that is 127 more than 65349.

4. Add the greatest four-digit number to the sum of the smallest five-digit number and
the greatest three-digit number.

5. Fill in the missing digits.

TTh Th H T O TTh Th H T O
2 7 9 4 5

Mathematics
(a) (b)
+ 3 8 6 + 7 0 6

8 0 4 6 4 3 8

6. Fill in the blanks.

(a) 189 + ........... = 378 (b)   243 + ........... = 672
(c) ........... + 7864 = 7864 + 347 (d)   347 + ........... = 617
(e) 64 + 100 + 986 = ........... + 164 (f) 80 + 324 = ............ + 315

Word Problems
Example:
In a public library, there are 1236 fiction books, 20457 reference books, 389
encyclopaedias, and 1064 non-fiction books. Find the total number of books in the
library. TTh Th H T O
Number of reference books = 2 0 4 5 7
Number of fiction books = 1 2 3 6
Number of non-fiction books =  1 0 6 4
Number of encyclopaedias = +  3 8 9
Total number of books = 2 3 1 4 6

Ans. Total number of books in the library is 23146.

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