Vera Popović, Vladimir Sikora, Savo Vucković, Vojislav Mihailović, Ljubiša Živanović, Jela

Ikanović, Larisa Merkulov Popadić, 2016. Visokonektarna biljka - Phacelia Tanacetifolia

Benth. Bilten radova. 5. Naučno-stručni skup. Tehnološke inovacije –Generator privrednog
razvoja. 11.11.2016. Banja Luka, Bosna i Hercegovina. Izdavač. Savez Inovatora
Republike Srpske i Privredna Komora R. Srpske, 12-14.

VISOKONEKTARNA BILJKA - PHACELIA TANACETIFOLIA BENTH

Vera Popović1, Vladimir Sikora1, Savo Vucković2, Vojislav Mihailović1,

Ljubiša Živanović2, Jela Ikanović2,
Larisa Merkulov Popadić1
1
Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad, Srbija
2
Univerzitet u Beogradu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Zemun, Srbija
Оdgovorni autor, e-mail: vera.popovic@nsseme.com

Rezime

Facelija (Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth) je jednogodišnja zeljasta biljka,

pripada porodici Hydrophyllaceae (Boraginaceae – prema filogentskoj
klasifikaciji). Poreklom je iz Severne Amerike. U Evropi se gaji od 19 veka.
Cvetovi su joj ljubičasto-plave boje. Cvetni mirisi, mogu biti dobri atraktanti
koji privlače pčele. Cela biljka je prekrivena gustim, kratkim dlačicama, zbog
čega je otporna na sušu. Jedna biljka ima preko 5000 cvetića. Pored proizvodnje
u cilju dobijanja semena koristi se za silažu, zelenišno đubrenje. Facelija je
odlična je pčelinja paša. Pod pčelinjom pašom podrazumeva se celokupna flora
jednog kraja koju pčele posećuju. Facelija je jedna je od najmedonosnijih
biljaka. Sa jednog hektara useva facelije dobije se 500-1000 kg meda. Prema
opštoj podeli biljnih vrsta na klase u odnosu na produkciju meda sve medonosne
biljne vrste svrstane su u šest klasa, pri čemu se prinos meda kreće 0-25 kilograma po
hektaru - prva klasa, do preko 500 kilograma po hektaru - šesta klasa.. Na osnovu ove
podele facelija spada u šestu klasu, s potencijalom za prinos meda preko 500 kilograma po
hektaru.
Facelija ima i veliki agrotehnički značaj. Snažnim vretenastim korenom
prodire i preko 1 m dubine, čime popravlja kvalitet zemljišta, a odumiranjem
ostavlja značajne količine organske materije i vezanog azota, što ovu biljku čini
odličnim izborom za poboljšavanje loših zemljišta. Krajem cvetanja, biljka se
može zaorati zbog čega je pogodna za zelenišno đubrenje. U mnogim
istraživanjima faceliju su proglasili nematocidnom biljkom, zbog toga je veoma
korisna za očuvanje higijene zemljišta.

12
 U Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu, stvorena je nova
sorta facelije, NS Priora. Visokoprinosna sorta “NS Priora” ima dužinu
vegetacije od 135 dana, visina biljaka je preko 60 cm, cveta 50 dana. Prinos
zelene mase NS Priore je preko 25.000 kg/ha a prinos suve materije preko 7.000
kg/ha. NS Priora je visokonektarna sorta. Sa jednog hektara daje preko 700
kilograma meda. Pogodna je za gajenje u organskoj proizvodnji.
Proizvodnja semena facelije je veoma profitabilna i može da posluži kao
generator privrednog razvoja. Facelija ima veliki značaj za pčelarstvo, jer je u
bespašnom periodu koji traje do suncokreta, u cvetanju. Sa setvom facelije
pčelari bi imali sigurnu pašu. Za uspešno privredno pčelarstvo medonosne
biljke su veoma važan uslov za postizanje visokih prinosa.

Ključne reči: Facelija, medonosna biljka, visokonektarna sorta, NS

Priora

HIGH-NECTAR PLANTS -PHACELIA TANACETIFOLIA BENTH

Vera Popović1, Vladimir Sikora1, Savo Vucković2, Vojislav Mihailović1,

Ljubiša Živanović2, Jela Ikanović2,
Larisa Merkulov Popadić1
1
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
2
University of Belgrade, Agriculture and Forestry, Zemun, Serbia
Corresponding author, e-mail: vera.popovic@nsseme.com

Summary

California bluebell (Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth) is an annual

herbaceous plant belonging to the family Hydrophyllaceae (Boraginaceae
according to the phylogenetic classification). Originally from North America. In
Europe it is grown from the 19th century. The flowers are violet-blue color.
Floral scents can be good attractants that attract bees. The whole plant is
covered with dense, short hairs, which is resistant to drought. One plant has
more than 5000 flowers. In addition to production in order to obtain seeds is
used for silage, green manure. Phacelia is an excellent bee pasture. Under bee
pasture is understood the whole flora of a place visited by bees. Phacelia is one
of the honey plants. With one hectare of crop phacelia is obtained 500-1000 kg
of honey. According to the general division of plant species in the class in
relation to the production of honey all honey plant species are classified in six
classes, wherein the yield of honey ranges from 0-25 kilograms per hectare -
first class, to over 500 kilograms per hectare - sixth class. On the basis of this
division phacelia is one of the six classes, with the potential to yield over 500
kilograms honey per hectare.

13
 Phacelia has a large agro-technical importance. Strong spindly root
penetrates over 1 m depth, which improves soil quality, and dying leaves
significant amounts of organic matter and nitrogen bound, which makes it an
excellent choice for improving poor soils. At the end of flowering, the plant can
be plowed making it suitable for green fertilizers. Many studies have have
phacelia declared nematocidal plant, because it is very useful for the
preservation of soil hygiene. It is suitable for growing in organic production.
At the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, created a new
variety phacelia, NS Priora. High-yielding variety "NS Priora" has the length of
the growing season of 135 days, plant height is over 60 cm, length of flowering
of 50 days. Yield of green mass is over 25,000 kg / ha and dry matter yields
over 7,000 kg / ha. NS Priora is a variety high-nectar of production. With one
hectare gives more than 700 kilograms of honey.
Seed production phacelia is very profitable and can serve as a generator
of economic development. Phacelia has great significance for beekeeping,
because it is flowering, when the period without pasture, which lasts until the
sunflower. With sowing phacelia beekeepers to have a safe pasture. For
successful commercial beekeeping honey plants are very important condition
for achieving high yields.

Keywords: Phacelia, honey plant, high-nectar variety, NS Priora

14