A rhinoceros, commonly abbreviated to rhino, is one of any five extant species of odd-toed ungulates

in the family Rhinocerotidae, as well as any of the numerous extinct species therein. Two of the
extant species are native to Africa, and three to Southern Asia. The term "rhinoceros" is often more
broadly applied to now extinct species of the superfamily Rhinocerotoidea.

Members of the rhinoceros family are some of the largest remaining megafauna, with all species
able to reach or exceed one tonne in weight. They have a herbivorous diet, small brains for
mammals of their size, one or two horns, and a thick protective skin formed from layers of collagen
positioned in a lattice structure. They generally eat leafy material, although their ability to ferment
food in their hindgut allows them to subsist on more fibrous plant matter when necessary. Unlike
other perissodactyls, the two African species of rhinoceros lack teeth at the front of their mouths,
relying instead on their lips to pluck food.

Rhinoceros are killed by some humans for their horns, which are bought and sold on the black
market, and used by some cultures for ornaments or traditional medicine. East Asia, specifically
Vietnam, is the largest market for rhino horns. By weight, rhino horns cost as much as gold on the
black market. People grind up the horns and consume them, believing the dust has therapeutic
properties. The horns are made of keratin, the same type of protein that makes up hair and
fingernails. Both African species and the Sumatran rhinoceros have two horns, while the Indian and
Javan rhinoceros have a single horn. The IUCN Red List identifies the Black, Javan, and Sumatran
rhinoceros as critically endangered.