Safe, Affordable Drinking Water for Rural India

Rain Water Harvesting

May, 2010

Swati Vasudevan
 Rajasthani Women Walked Miles for
Hours to Fetch Water

More than 50% households make 3 or more trips to fetch

water in a day with each trip taking upto an hour *
*Source: Field
Confidential surveys conducted during project 2
 In Summer, They Purchased Water in
Camel-carts

Confidential 3
 Draughts Brought Them More Misery…

Confidential 4
 They Went to Open Bawari, Wells or
Handpumps

Confidential 5
 But the Water is Contaminated:
Fluoride in Ground Water or Microbial

Bacteri
a
17%

Chemic
al
83%

Confidential *Source: Field surveys conducted during project 6

 Government Implemented Aapni Yojna

But to replicate it across the state,

Government needs Rs. 15000 Cr
and 15 years!

And what is the guarantee of

source sustainability?
Confidential 7
We Wanted to Make Her Life Different…
 ..and Reduce the Drudgery of the
Future Generation!

Confidential 9
Safe Water Network
 Racing Towards Water Bankruptcy…

India: Worst hit by Water Crisis

Year 2030

rce: World Economic Forum report 2009 (University of New Hampshire, CIESIN Columbia University)
 Rainwater Harvesting – An Imperative

Sep 2009
Open pond
contamination

Ground water very deep & saline,

creating rain water as viable option
Per Capita Storage

Per Capita Storage (Cu.m.)

7000 6103
6000
5000
4000 3145
3000 1964
2000 1110 753
1000 219
0
Russia Brazil USA China South India
Africa

Source: Central Ground Water Authority; ISSRO

 Why Rajasthan …

Traditional Wells

• Critical and recognized

need of water solutions

• Limited reach at
household level

• Microfinance an
established practice for
livelihood projects
 Where in Rajasthan

March 2009

RWH Pilot Project in Churu District Rajasthan

Safewaternetwork.org
 Rain Water Harvesting – Overview

Objective
Develop and implement improved approaches to
rainwater harvesting through construction optimization,
quality assurance and new funding products for
sustainability and scale-up

Community mobilization Quality

Qualityassurance,
assurancehealth
and Microfinance funding
Engineering & design
and construction policy
impactswhite
& policy
paper product
Confidential 15
 Rain Water Harvesting – Overview

Pilot project completed

 Installed ~ 960 household and 40 community
cisterns in 55 villages

 Kunds to provide potable water to ~10,000

villagers Safe Water Network site visit working on
design improvements with partners

 Completed construction and design

improvements

 Implemented financial product for households

 Introduced quality assurance program

Members of household with newly
constructed kund

Community mobilization Quality

Qualityassurance,
assurancehealth
and Microfinance funding
Engineering & design
and construction policy
impactswhite
& policy
paper product
Confidential 16
 Rain Water Harvesting – Overview

Longer-Term Objectives
 Developing expansion
proposition for scale-up

 Engaging Government of Members of household with newly

constructed kund
Safe Water Network site visit working on
design improvements with partners
Rajasthan through Water
Resources Department
Safe Water Network Funding
 Strategic/Hydro geological
assessment of harvesting and  Rs. 3 Cr ($0.6 Million) grant for pilot
alternatives implementation and optimization plan

 Revolving fund Rs. 25 Lacs ($60k) for

household funding product

Community mobilization Quality

Qualityassurance,
assurancehealth
and Microfinance funding
Engineering & design
and construction policy
impactswhite
& policy
paper product
Confidential 17
 Initial Findings …

Savings by Institutions Annual Household Expenditure

Source of Credit

Interest Rate per Month

 Results of “Cash Flow Study”

Objectives
Field survey to assess economic status
and paying potential

Development of a Micro Finance product

for purchasing RWH kunds

(payback in 2 - 3 years; loan of Rs.

10,000 & Rs 15,000)
 Current Focus: Underground Tanks/Kunds

950 household tanks constructed

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 Community Tank Rejuvenation

40 Community tanks completed

Confidential 21
 Building Local Capability

142 local masons trained

Confidential 22
 Rainwater Harvesting: Case Study

“This is a gift from heaven. I no longer need to carry water

5 hours each day and have more time to earn money”
- Below Poverty Line widow who purchased the cistern through a loan
Confidential 23
 During Drought Years, Now The Villagers are
able to Purchase Water in Bulk in Tankers!

Confidential 24
 Field Observations - Example

Significant interest in affordable financial product to

purchase a cistern:
•50% indicated desire to purchase for 300 rupees/month (5 yr note)
•Other 50% already have a cistern!

Confidential 25
 Design Optimization

Inspection Chamber

Hand
1 ½ x1 ½ x2 ½ pump
3/8

Thick B/Wall
Steel
Window 1
Stone Roofing ½x1½
40mm thick
c.conc. 1:2:4
…………………………….. 9”Thick brick
………………………………………………
Wall in 1:4
Outlet
¾ Thick Roofing mortar
Pipe 3”
die
Inlet 5 ft9” Thick brick Wall
Pipe 3” in 1:5 mortar D=8’-
dia 00”
10
½
Plaster in 1:4
Mortar
Neat Coat
5½ Plaster in 1:4
finish Plaster
ft mortar with
neat coat finish
3/8 thick
B/wall in 1:4
mortar

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Brick Ballast
……………………………… 1:8:16

Section
40 mm thick cement conc. 1:2:4

o Cistern design improvements have been incorporated (IIT)

o Drought has limited the value of the design for “harvesting”
o Design may be suboptimal given prevalent uses: Storage from tanker truck
Confidential delivery; mixed use of water (HH, kitchen garden, livestock) 26
 Processes Compliance

Highlights:
For HH Tanks: Application from Head of Family

For Community Tanks: Application from Sarpanch

27
Application for Tank Bid Comparison Process
Construction Quality Control – Mason Training

Highlights:
Systematic
approach

Meticulous
recordkeeping

All Stakeholders
Sign off

28
Completion Certificate
 Rain Water Harvesting – Next Steps

Alternate models being evaluated for the next phase of expansion.

(i) water resource alternatives (e.g. tanker delivery, talaabs, check dams) &

(ii) consumption (e.g. drinking, household, livestock)

Tankers and Camel carts for Baoris/ Talab (Open Lakes) as an

fetching water in bulk for the alternate RWH storage system
kunds

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 Could We Make a Difference to Their Life?

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 We wish to expand the network of
partners to include you!

31
 Safe Water Network - Market Based Solutions
for Underserved Populations

Vision
A world in which market leaders make
a sustained commitment to develop
ground-breaking solutions that bring
safe water to underserved
populations.

Mission
To be an active catalyst and sector leader
engaging partners in the development of
sustainable, scalable market-based
solutions that provide safe, affordable
water for the world’s poor.

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 Board of Directors

Co-Chairs
Jack Hennessy
Retired Chairman & CEO
Credit Suisse First Boston
Josh Weston
Retired Chairman & CEO,
Automatic Data Processing

Members
Robert Forrester
President & CEO,
Newman’s Own Foundation
Hank Greenberg
Chairman & CEO,
C.V. Starr & Co, Inc.
Harold Newman
Partner,
Neuberger Berman Market based solutions for underserved populations
Linda Nordstrom
Northstream Development
John Whitehead
Former U.S. Deputy
Secretary of State;
Former Co-Chair;
Goldman Sachs
Joanne Woodward-
Newman
Board Member, Newman’s
Own Foundation www.safewaternetwork.org

10 Saugatuck Avenue
Westport CT

(203) 341-8865

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