Blood

Syed Muneeb Anjum

Lecturer, IPS
UVAS

Syed Muneeb Anjum 1

 Learning Objectives
 After the successful completion of this chapter you will be
able to describe
 Composition & Functions of blood
 Physical Characteristics of blood

 Plasma
 Composition & Functions
 Formed Elements
 Structure, Function & Production of RBCs, WBCs Platelets
 Chemical Makeup of hemoglobin
 Hemostasis
 Anemia
 Hemoglobinopathies

Syed Muneeb Anjum 2

 Body Composition
 An average young adult male
 Proteins 18 %
 Fats 15%
 Minerals 7%
 Water 60%
 Total Body Water (TBW): (60%)
 Intracellular Fluid
 40 %
 Extra cellular Fluid
 20 %
 Extra vascular Fluid (75%)….. Interstitial Fluid
 Vascular Fluid (25%)….. Plasma

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 Blood
 Blood is the “river of life”
 Viscous fluid composed of cells and plasma
 “specialized type of connective tissue in which living blood cells,
(formed elements- have specific shape ), are suspended in a non living fluid
matrix called plasma”
 Cellular Part (Formed Elements)
 Non cellular part (Plasma)
 Blood volume is
 1/12th of body weight
 8 % of total body weight

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 Blood

Color range
 Oxygen-rich blood is scarlet red bright crimson
 Oxygen-poor blood is dull red
 pH must remain between 7.35–7.45
 Temp 38 c or 100.4 F

Syed Muneeb Anjum 5

 Blood Composition
 Blood Composition
 Cellular Part (Formed Elements)--- 45%
 RBCs, Red blood cells or erythrocytes
 WBCs, white blood cells or Leukocytes
 Platelets (thromobocytes)
 Non cellular Portion (plasma)--- 55%
 Fluid part (91-92%)--- water
 Solid part (8%-9%)

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 Composition of plasma
 Straw coloured fluid
 Contains over 100 solutes
1. Organic substances
 Plasma Proteins (Approx 7%)
 Albumin
 Globulins
 Fibrinogen
 Prothrombin
 Plasma complement system, approx 20 proteins
 Nitrogenous substances
 Urea, Uric acid
 Ammonia
 Creatinine
 Amino Acids

Syed Muneeb Anjum 8

 Composition of plasma
 Non-nitrogenous substances
 Carbohydrates: Glucose
 Lipids: cholesterol, Phospholipids, Triglycerides
 Enzymes
 Amylase, Lipase, Phosphatase,
 Carbonic Anhydrase
 Pigments
 (Bilirubin)

2. Inorganic substances
 Different ions
 Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Calcium, Iodine, magnesium
 Bi-carbonate

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Functions of plasma
 Helps in transport of substances in the body

 Maintains colloid osmotic pressure of blood

 Causes blood clotting because it contains the fibrinogen and

prothrombin

 Stores proteins for supply in needs

 Helps in maintaining blood pressure and blood viscosity

 Contains antibodies and antitoxins

Syed Muneeb Anjum 11

Physical Properties of Blood and plasma
 Specific Gravity of plasma is 1.024
 Specific Gravity of blood is 1.055 - 1.062
 Male: 1.057
 Female: 1.053
 Blood is 5 times thicker or viscous than distilled water.
 Blood----- Blood cells
 Plasma----Plasma Proteins
 Relative viscosity of water, plasma and blood are
Water: Plasma: Blood

1 : 1.8 : 4.7
 Plasma - (clotting factors and fibrinogen) = serum

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Functions of blood

 Blood performs a number of functions.

 Distribution
 Regulation
 Protection

Syed Muneeb Anjum 13

Functions of blood
 Distribution Functions
 Nutritive Function:
 Nutrients from GIT to whole body
 Respiratory Function:
 O2 and Co2 Transport
 Excretory Function:
 Metabolic Wastes to kidneys
 Transport Function:
 Enzymes
 Hormones
 Vitamins

Syed Muneeb Anjum 14

Functions of blood
 Regulation Functions
 Maintenance Functions
 Body Temperature maintenance through skin
 Blood Volume, salts and blood proteins prevent excessive fluid
loss.
 Blood Pressure
 Buffering Functions
 Maintaining normal pH in body with the help of blood proteins
and other solutes
 Acts as body’s alkaline reserve of HCO3- ions.

Syed Muneeb Anjum 15

Functions of blood
 Protection Functions
 Preventing blood loss
 Platelets and plasma proteins initiate clot formation in
case of damage
 Defensive function
 Prevents body from being infected from invaders eg
 Bacteria and viruses with the help of antibodies, WBCs

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Blood Flow

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