Electrical Machines Lab.

Experiment No. 3: Loaded Single Phase Transformer

Report solution

Table 1: Measurements
V input (V) I input (A) Pinput (W) V output (V) I output (A) Poutput (W)
Without load 220.5 0.119 13 231.2 - -
With load 219.5 1.15 250 222.5 1.04 230

Image of the transformer used in the experiment

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 1. Draw the connection of the devices on the figure in the last page.

See the last page

2. Draw the equivalent circuit of the transformer (reflected to the high voltage side) as shown in
Figure 1, From the previous experiment and only using the measurements made at the rated
values, find the value of each element.

Practical Transformer
R eq J X eq Ideal
Transformer

RC J XM
R load

a:1
Figure 1: The equivalent circuit of the transformer

turns ratio ( a ) = number of turns on the primary side / number of turns on the secondary side
= 400/420 = 0.952

Since the measurements in short-circuit test were performed on the primary side

=> Req and X eq remain the same

=> Req = 16.32 Ω , X eq = 5.23 Ω

Since the measurements in open-circuit test were performed on the secondary side

=> RC (primary) =a 2 RC (secondary) =(400/420)2×4360=3954.6 Ω

=> X M (primary)=a2 X M (secondary)=( 400/420)2×2756=2499.8Ω

3. From the measured values, find the voltage regulation and the efficiency of the transformer.
V No Load −V Full Load 231.2−222.5
Voltage Regulation(VR)= ×100 %= ×100 %=3.9 %
V FullLoad 222.5

Output Power 230

Efficiency=η= = =0.92=92 %
Input Power 250
4. From the measured values, find the value of the load resistance Rload .

V output 222.5
Rload = = =213.9Ω
I output 1.04

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 5. Using the equivalent circuit of the transformer and given the value of V input , and Rload calculate
the voltage regulation and the efficiency of the transformer.

Practical Transformer
R eq J X eq Ideal
Transformer

RC J XM
Rload

a:1

R eq J X eq I load

IC IM

RC J XM
a2 Rload

V input =219.5V , Rload =213.9 Ω , Req = 16.32 Ω , X eq = 5.23 Ω, RC = 3954.6 Ω, X M = 2499.8 Ω

Voltage regulation calculation:

At no-load, since I load =0 ⇒ V output =V input =219.5 V

At load, using voltage division

a 2 Rload a 2 Rload
V output =V input
| a2 R load + Req +J X eq |
=V input 2
√( a R load + Req )2 + X 2eq

(400 /420)2∗213.9
V output =219.5 =202.4 V
√((400 /420)2∗213.9+16.32)2 +5.232
V No Load −V Full Load 219.5−202.4
Voltage Regulation(VR)= ×100 %= ×100 %=8.4 %
V FullLoad 202.4

Efficiency calculation
2
Output Power I load Rload
Efficiency=η= = 2
Output Power + Losses I load Rload +( I 2C R c + I 2load Req )

V input V input 219.5

I load =| = | =
Req +J X eq + Rload √ (Req + R load ) + X eq √(16.32+213.9)2 +5.232
2 2
=0.953 A

V input 219.5
IC = = =0.0555 A
Rc 3954.6

I 2load R load 0.9532∗213.5

η= 2 = =0.878=87.8 %
I load Rload +( I 2C R c + I 2load R eq ) 0.9532∗213.5+( 0.05552∗3954+ 0.9532∗16.32)

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Notice:
I load 0.953
I load , secondary = = =1.0007 A
a (400 /420)
V input V input V input 1 1 1
I input = + +
RC J X M Req + J X eq + Rload
=V input +
( +
RC J X M Req +J X eq + Rload )
1 1 1
I input =219.5 ( 3954.6 +
J 2499.8 16.32+ J 5.23+213.9 )
+ =1.0144 ∠−6.2 ˚

6. Compare the measured and the calculated values for the voltage regulation and the efficiency.

Voltage regulation efficiency

Measured 3.9 % 92 %
Calculated 8.4 % 87.8 %

Notice that in experiment 2 the equivalent circuit was found for number of turns equal 691/420 while in
experiment 3 the calculations were made for number of turns equal 400/420 which causes large error in
calculations.

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 Th1
a 200V . 8A 200V . 10A
0÷430V . 5A
off stop
0÷430V . 5A b 0÷240V . 8A 0÷240V . 10A
0÷225V . 1A
MAINS MAINS 40 60 on
1 1 1 off 40 60
start O
O 1 a b
O 20 80
O O 20

0 100%
0 100% L+ L-
K1 L1 L2 L3 N L1 L2 L3 L1 L2 L3 L+ L-
DL 1013M2
DE LORENZO

DE LORENZO ELECTRICAL POWER DIGITAL MEASURING UNIT DE LORENZO ELECTRICAL POWER DIGITAL MEASURING UNIT
DL 10065N 380V 110V DL 1093 DL 10065N
DE LORENZO
n=291 n=210
R1 R1 R1 R1
220V 0V
TRANSFORMER 500VA
220-380V/2x110V

AUTOTRANSFORMER 500VA
110V 220/380V
n=400
RS485 L+ L- L1 L2 L3 N RS485 RS485 L+ L- L1 L2 L3 N RS485
n=210
IN IN
0V 0V
PE
PE L+ L- ! L1 L2 L3 N PE L+ L- ! L1 L2 L3 N
OUT OUT

P = 3x400W DL 1017R
220/380.Δ/Y DE LORENZO
F1 F2 F3
4 4 4
3 5 3 5 3 5

2 6 2 6 2 6

1 7 1 7 1 7

R1 R2 R3 off off off

R1 R2 R3
PE
Resistive Load

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