Grammar and Vocabulary Summary

Level 6, Unit 9

VOCABULARY: SAY AND TELL

We use SAY and TELL to ask for or give information. There’s no difference in
meaning in this context but they are used differently:

 SAY: subject + say + (that)

 TELL: subject + tell + object pronoun + (that)

Mike says (that) it is his birthday Leon said (that) he was going to eat
today. chocolate cake.

Mike told me (that) it is his birthday Leon told us (that) he was going to
today. eat chocolate cake.

GRAMMAR: REPORTED SPEECH

We use REPORTED SPEECH to report (say again) what other person said without
repeating the exact same words the speaker used.

Direct Speech: Rossie said “I love bunnies a lot” (Simple Present)

Reported Speech: Rossie said (that) she loved bunnies a lot. (Simple Past)

Direct Speech: Billy said “I bought a new motorbike yesterday” (Simple Past)
Reported Speech: Billy said (that) he had bought a new motorbike the day before.
(Past Perfect)

Direct Speech: Peter told me “we have already eaten lunch” (Present Perfect)
Reported Speech: Peter told me (that) they had already eaten lunch by then.
(Past Perfect)

Direct Speech: Cintia told me “I will watch the new Spiderman movie tomorrow”
(Future will)
Reported Speech: Cintia told me (that) she would watch the new Spiderman
movie the next day. (would)
Exercise: Change from direct to reported speech.
1. Jimmy said, “I’m sleepy”. Jim said that he was sleepy.
2. Susie said, “I don’t like milk”
Susie said that she didn’t like milk.__________________
3. Miriam said, “I’m planning to take a vacation”.
Miriam said that she was planning to take a vacation.__________________
4. John said, “I have already eaten dinner”.
John said that he had already eaten dinner.______________ _______________
5. Kevin said, “I called my lawyer”.
Kevin said that he had called his lawyer___________________________
6. Mr. Bean said, “I’m going to go to New York”.
Mr. Bean said that he was going to go to New York._____
7. Erica said, “I will go to the party”.
Erica said that she would go to the party.___________________
8. The student said, “I should study”.
The student said that he should study._____________________________
9. The doctor said, “I must operate”.
The doctor said that he had operate._________________________
10. Mr. Bates said, “I have never been to Rome”.
Mr. Bates said that he had never been to Rome.___________________
11. Mrs. Goldman said, “I’m not going out! ”.
Mrs. Goldman said she wasn´t going out___________________________
12. Miss Ming said, “I’ll call you later”.
Miss Ming said that she would call me/you later. _________________
13. Sandra said, “I’m studying art”.
Sandra said that she was studying art. _________________________
14. The man said, “I am a detective”.
The man said that he was a detective.______________________
15. The woman said, “I lost my keys”.
The woman said that she had lost her keys. ________________
16. The woman said, “I work for Mr. Moneybags”.
The woman said that she worked for Mr. Moneybags.____________________
17. She also said, “He has hired me to find his missing daughter”.
She said that he had hired her to find his missing daughter._____________ _