SKILL ENHANCEMENT EXERCISES

ON
IDENTIFYING TEXTUAL DETAILS THAT AFFIRM OR REFUTE A CLAIM
IN GRADE 10

CONTEND STANDARD: Identifying textual details that affirm or refute a claim.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD: The learner skillfully delivers a speech for a special
occasion through utilizing effective verbal and non-verbal strategies and ICT resources.

I. INTRODUCTION
Over the past 60 years, reading comprehension has changed its emphasis from the
mastery of skills and subskills that are learned by rote and automatized to a focus on
learning strategies, which are adaptable, flexible, and, most important, in the control of
the reader (Dole, Duffy, Roehler, & Pearson, 1991).

This is a drill on identifying textual details that affirm or refute a claim. As Willingham
(2007) asserted one of the basic yet inadequately met, goal of schooling is to enable
students to think critically which consists of examining both sides of an issue, being
open to new affirmations that may refute your ideas, believing that claims be inferred by
evidence, observation, induction and deduction and so forth. In scholars’ point of view,
critical thinking can be defined as mental and cognitive activities which is a subset of
three sorts of thinking: reasoning, decision making and judgement and problem solving.

According to Facione (2007), There are mental and cognitive abilities and skills which
can be put at the core of critical thinking including: interpretation, analysis, evaluation,
inference, explanation, and self-regulation. Interpretation deals with perceiving and
stating the meaning or implication of a specific situation, experience, evidence,
opinions, data, rules and regulations, process and procedures and criteria.

Decoding significance, categorization and express and clarifying meanings are the
subskills of interpretation (Facione, 2007).

Analysis can be defined as figuring out the actual and intentional association among
concepts, ideas, beliefs, questions, events or experiences. Identifying ideas,
distinguishing arguments and analyzing them are the subskills of analysis (Facione,
2007).

The act of disagreement

is a complex business,
closely related to
concepts such as
conflicts
(Edstrom, 2004; Hosoda
& Aline, 2015; Sifianou,
2012), reproaches
(Tainio, 2011),
oppositions (Angouri &
Locher, 2012) and
arguments or disputes
(Georgakopoulou, 2001),
where there is a
substantial degree of
theoretical crossover.
Likewise, while there is a
rich
and diverse literature on
disagreements within
cognitive, linguistic or
social frameworks (e.g.
Angouri & Locher, 2012),
the concern in this paper
is on the sequential
management of
knowledge
disagreements in tutorial
interaction, and thus, it is
within conversation
analytic
(CA) work that our
research is most centrally
located.
The act of disagreement
is a complex business,
closely related to
concepts such as
conflicts
(Edstrom, 2004; Hosoda
& Aline, 2015; Sifianou,
2012), reproaches
(Tainio, 2011),
oppositions (Angouri &
Locher, 2012) and
arguments or disputes
(Georgakopoulou, 2001),
where there is a
substantial degree of
theoretical crossover.
Likewise, while there is a
rich
and diverse literature on
disagreements within
cognitive, linguistic or
social frameworks (e.g.
Angouri & Locher, 2012),
the concern in this paper
is on the sequential
management of
knowledge
disagreements in tutorial
interaction, and thus, it is
within conversation
analytic
(CA) work that our
research is most centrally
located.
The act of disagreement
is a complex business,
closely related to
concepts such as
conflicts
(Edstrom, 2004; Hosoda
& Aline, 2015; Sifianou,
2012), reproaches
(Tainio, 2011),
oppositions (Angouri &
Locher, 2012) and
arguments or disputes
(Georgakopoulou, 2001),
where there is a
substantial degree of
theoretical crossover.
Likewise, while there is a
rich
and diverse literature on
disagreements within
cognitive, linguistic or
social frameworks (e.g.
Angouri & Locher, 2012),
the concern in this paper
is on the sequential
management of
knowledge
disagreements in tutorial
interaction, and thus, it is
within conversation
analytic
(CA) work that our
research is most centrally
located.
The act of disagreement
is a complex business,
closely related to
concepts such as
conflicts
(Edstrom, 2004; Hosoda
& Aline, 2015; Sifianou,
2012), reproaches
(Tainio, 2011),
oppositions (Angouri &
Locher, 2012) and
arguments or disputes
(Georgakopoulou, 2001),
where there is a
substantial degree of
theoretical crossover.
Likewise, while there is a
rich
and diverse literature on
disagreements within
cognitive, linguistic or
social frameworks (e.g.
Angouri & Locher, 2012),
the concern in this paper
is on the sequential
management of
knowledge
disagreements in tutorial
interaction, and thus, it is
within conversation
analytic
(CA) work that our
research is most centrally
located.
As students’ educational progress is evident in school, they are required to read
challenging texts, to read for information instead of simply reading for the text. As
students learn to read, they should learn to recognize different text structures, so they
can predict what type of information is included. Consequently, the basic need is for
teachers to teach students to identify text structures and decide what information is
most important in their readings.

II. SUGGESTED STRATEGIES TECHNIQUES

A. VISUAL ANALYSIS

According to Shannon Sullivan, Arlington, Va. (2013) “A picture is worth 1,000 words”
is meant to convey that an image means more than “talk,” images can also compel us to
volunteer, donate money, vote a certain way, or join a group. Discussion is just the
beginning.

B. THE C E R METHOD ( Claim, Evidences & Reasoning)

Critical thinking means being able to make good arguments. Arguments are claims
backed by reasons that are supported by evidence. Argumentation is a social process
of two or more people making arguments, responding to one another--not simply
restating the same claims and reasons--and modifying or defending their positions
accordingly.

Source: https://www.comm.pitt.edu/argument-claims-reasons-evidence

C. THE ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

A diagram that displays a reporting or relationship hierarchy.

Source: https://www.smartdraw.com/organizational-chart/

D. IDENTIFICATION

The action or process of identifying someone or something or the

fact of being identified.

Source: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/identification

E. ANALIZATION

To study or determine the nature and relationship of the parts of (something)

by analysis

Source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/analyze
 ACTIVITY 1:
____________________________________________________________

Directions Read the selection carefully and analyze it by identifying its claims,
evidences and reasoning to support the claim.

1. You should buy a Sham Wow Towel. It does not drip, it holds 2o times its weight and it
absorbs all liquids from the carpet, It’s a nice towel!. With the Sham Wow Mop never get
on your hands and knees again, just twist the handle to wring it out. Throw it in the
washing machine for easy cleaning. A regular Mop pushes the dirt, Sham Wow Mop will
capture it! It is also great for the pet’s hair.

2. When yellow and blue are mixed together, they make color green. 1O ml of Food
coloring was measured and mixed with 10 ml of blue food coloring which resulted to 20
ml of green food coloring. Observations were used to see that when yellow and blue
were mixed together, they made green Two different colors when mixed together do
make a new color.

1. Johny is 14 and has grown 4 inches over the last six months, he started growing a
mustache and his voice has changed. Johny is growing to puberty. Puberty is the time
when boys grow facial hair and had tremendous growth spurts. Therefore, Johny must
be growing puberty.

3. Liquid 1 and 4 are indeed the same substance. Looking at this data, the properties
include density, color and melting point. Since all those substances are the same, 1 and
4 are the same substance.

4. At certain times I have no race, I am me. When I set my hat at a certain angle and
saunter down Seventh Avenue, Harlem City, feeling as snooty as the lions in front of the
Forty-Second Street Library, for instance. So far as my feelings are concerned, Peggy
Hopkins Joyce on the Boule Mich with her gorgeous raiment, stately carriage, knees
knocking together in a most aristocratic manner, has nothing on me. The cosmic Zora
emerges. I belong to no race nor time. I am the eternal feminine with its string of beads.
 ACTIVITY 2:
____________________________________________________________

Using Evidence to Support Claims

Directions: Read the selection which presents arguments from both sides of an issue,
analyze both positions presented in the selection to determine which one is best
supported. Use relevant and specific evidence from the article to support your response.

PARAGRAPH A.

THE Department of Education (DepEd)-Davao said Korean language is expected to be

included in the curriculum of public high schools in the region in the next school year.
A Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) between Education Secretary Leonor Briones and
the Republic of Korea Ambassador to the Philippines Kim Jae was signed last June 21
regarding the inclusion of the Korean language in the public school curriculum in the
country. He said SPFL program of DepEd aims to make junior high school students
more globally competitive in the perspective of linguistic diversity. 

PARAGRAPH B.
Using the Korean language in the Philippines is obviously has its disadvantages, Filipinos do
not understand the language beyond a few words learned from watching Korean drama, a
favorite among Filipino women.
Knowing only one language limits your understanding of another culture, plus I believe that it is
just much better to learn the language of the country you migrated to.
If a migrant only speaks Korean, then he is confined only within his community for the most part
and won’t be able to mingle with the rest of the population.  
It will be hard to make friends which could be of some help at certain times.
This situation is quite understandable though, Koreans belong to one of the great Confucian
cultures along with China and Japan who are known for their incredible work ethic and serious
demeanor. Filipinos are tropical people, and that is never going to change. The two cultures can
find a common ground and it would be beneficial for all Koreans living here to know our
language.

Read more on Brainly.ph - https://brainly.ph/question/1990054#readmore

TEXT CLAIM EVIDENCE REFUTE/AFFIRM

PARAGRAPH A.

PARAGRAPH B.

Read more on Brainly.ph - https://brainly.ph/question/1990054#readmore

 ACTIVITY 3:
____________________________________________________________
Directions: Read the selection carefully and identify its claims, evidences and reasoning to
support the claim.

Oceans and lakes have much in

common, but they are also quite
different. Both are bodies of water,
but oceans are very large bodies of
salt water, while lakes are much
smaller bodies of fresh water. Lakes
are usually surrounded by land,
while oceans are what surround
continents. Both have plants and
animals living in them. The ocean is
home to the largest animals on the
planet, whereas lakes support much
smaller forms of life. When it is time
for a vacation, both will make a great
place to visit and enjoy.

CLAIM: EVIDENCE:

REASONING:
 ACTIVITY 4:
____________________________________________________________

Directions : Read the statements carefully, find the claim, evidence, and reason in
the passage and analyze it if it seemed to affirm or refute a stance and placed it into
the chart. stance, evidence, and reason in the passage and placed it into the chart.

The court refused to strike down laws that discriminated against women. Today, there
are laws setting higher minimum wages for men, excluding pregnant women from
disability benefits, forbidding women from working in specific jobs, requiring women to
earn more than men to receive social security benefits, and excluding women from the
military academies. This discrimination must end.

TEXT CLAIM EVIDENCE REFUTE/AFFIRM

 ACTIVITY 5:
____________________________________________________________

Directions: It is a phone conversation between two friends. Underline the

phrases which expresses the agreeing and disagreeing parts then cite the

evidences in the given selection to support its claim

 ANSWER KEY

ACTIVITY 1:
____________________________________________________________

Directions Read the selection carefully and analyze it by identifying its claims,
evidences and reasoning to support the claim. CLAIM- YELLOW, EVIDENCES- BLUE,
REASONING- RED

1. You should buy a Sham Wow Towel. /It does not drip, it holds 2o times its weight and it
absorbs all liquids from the carpet, It’s a nice towel!. With the Sham Wow Mop never get
on your hands and knees again, just twist the handle to wring it out. Throw it in the
washing machine for easy cleaning. A regular Mop pushes the dirt, Sham Wow Mop will
capture it! It is also great for the pet’s hair.

2. When yellow and blue are mixed together, they make color green. 1O ml of Food
coloring was measured and mixed with 10 ml of blue food coloring which resulted to 20
ml of green food coloring. Observations were used to see that when yellow and blue
were mixed together they made green Two different colors when mixed together do
make a new color.

3. Johny is 14 and has grown 4 inches over the last six months, he started growing a
mustache and his voice has changed. Johny is growing to puberty. Puberty is the time
when boys grow facial hair and had tremendous growth spurts. Therefore, Johny must
be growing puberty.

4. Liquid 1 and 4 are indeed the same substance. Looking at this data, the properties
include density, color and melting point. Since all those substances are the same, 1 and
4 are the same substance.

5. At certain times I have no race, I am me. When I set my hat at a certain angle and
saunter down Seventh Avenue, Harlem City, feeling as snooty as the lions in front of the
Forty-Second Street Library, for instance. So far as my feelings are concerned, Peggy
Hopkins Joyce on the Boule Mich with her gorgeous raiment, stately carriage, knees
knocking together in a most aristocratic manner, has nothing on me. The cosmic Zora
emerges. I belong to no race nor time. I am the eternal feminine with its string of beads.
 ACTIVITY 2:
____________________________________________________________

Using Evidence to Support Claims

Directions: Read the selection which presents arguments from both sides of an issue,
analyze both positions presented in the selection to determine which one is best
supported. Use relevant and specific evidence from the article to support your response.
Use the space below to plan your essay.

PARAGRAPH A.

THE Department of Education (DepEd)-Davao said Korean language is expected to be

included in the curriculum of public high schools in the region in the next school year.
A Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) between Education Secretary Leonor Briones and
the Republic of Korea Ambassador to the Philippines Kim Jae was signed last June 21
regarding the inclusion of the Korean language in the public school curriculum in the
country. He said SPFL program of DepEd aims to make junior high school students
more globally competitive in the perspective of linguistic diversity. 

PARAGRAPH B.

Using the Korean language in the Philippines is obviously has its disadvantages, Filipinos do
not understand the language beyond a few words learned from watching Korean drama, a
favorite among Filipino women.
Knowing only one language limits your understanding of another culture, plus I believe that it is
just much better to learn the language of the country you migrated to.
If a migrant only speaks Korean, then he is confined only within his community for the most part
and won’t be able to mingle with the rest of the population.  
It will be hard to make friends which could be of some help at certain times.
This situation is quite understandable though, Koreans belong to one of the great Confucian
cultures along with China and Japan who are known for their incredible work ethic and serious
demeanor. Filipinos are tropical people, and that is never going to change. The two cultures can
find a common ground and it would be beneficial for all Koreans living here to know our
language.

TEXT CLAIM EVIDENCE REFUTE/AFFIRM

THE Department A Memorandum of AFFIRM

PARAGRAPH A. of Education Agreement (MOA)
(DepEd)-Davao between Education
said Korean Secretary Leonor
language is Briones and the
expected to be Republic of Korea
included in the Ambassador to the
curriculum of Philippines Kim
public high Jae was signed
schools in the last June 21
region in the next regarding the
school year. inclusion of the
Korean language
in the public school
curriculum in the
country.

PARAGRAPH B. Using the Korean Knowing only one REFUTE

 language in the language limits your
Philippines is understanding of
obviously has its another culture, plus
disadvantages, I believe that it is just
Filipinos do not much better to learn
understand the the language of the
language beyond a country you migrated
few words learned to.
from watching If a migrant only
Korean drama, a speaks Korean, then
favorite among he is confined only
Filipino women. within his community
for the most part and
won’t be able to
mingle with the rest
of the population.  
It will be hard to
make friends which
could be of some
help at certain times.
This situation is quite
understandable
though, Koreans
belong to one of the
great Confucian
cultures along with
China and Japan
who are known for
their incredible work
ethic and serious
demeanor

Read more on Brainly.ph - https://brainly.ph/question/1990054#readmore

 ACTIVITY 3:
____________________________________________________________
Directions: Read the selection carefully and identify its claims, evidences and reasoning to
support the claim by filling-in the space provided.

Oceans and lakes have much in

common, but they are also quite
different. Both are bodies of water,
but oceans are very large bodies of
salt water, while lakes are much
smaller bodies of fresh water. Lakes
are usually surrounded by land,
while oceans are what surround
continents. Both have plants and
animals living in them. The ocean is
home to the largest animals on the
planet, whereas lakes support much
smaller forms of life. When it is time
for a vacation, both will make a great
place to visit and enjoy.

CLAIM: EVIDENCE:
Both are bodies of water, but
Oceans and lakes have oceans are very large bodies of
much in common, but salt water, while lakes are much
smaller bodies of fresh water.
they are also quite
Lakes are usually surrounded by
different. land, while oceans are what
surround continents. Both have
plants and animals living in them.
The ocean is home to the largest
animals on the planet, whereas
lakes support much smaller forms
of life.

REASONING:

When it is time for a

vacation, both will make a
great place to visit and
enjoy.
 ACTIVITY 4:
____________________________________________________________

Directions: Read the statements carefully, find the claim, evidence, and reason in
the passage and analyze it if it seemed to affirm or refute a stance and placed it into
the chart.

The court refused to strike down laws that discriminated against women. Today, there
are laws setting higher minimum wages for men, excluding pregnant women from
disability benefits, forbidding women from working in specific jobs, requiring women to
earn more than men to receive social security benefits, and excluding women from the
military academies. This discrimination must end.

TEXT CLAIM EVIDENCE REFUTE/AFFIRM

The court Today, there are REFUTE

refused to strike laws setting
down laws that higher minimum
discriminated wages for men,
against women. excluding
pregnant women
from disability
benefits,
forbidding women
from working in
specific jobs,
requiring women
to earn more than
men to receive
social security
benefits, and
excluding women
from the military
academies.
 ACTIVITY 5:
___
Directions: It is a phone conversation between two friends. Underline the
phrases which expresses the agreeing and disagreeing parts then cite the

AGREEMENT

DISAGREEMENT

AGREEMENT

DISAGREEMENT

AGREEMENT

AGREEMENT

AGREEMENT

evidences in the given selection to support its claim

 REFERENCES
https://www.macmillandictionary.com/external/pdf/expressing-yourself-agree.pdf?
version=3.0.110

https://journals.melta.org.my/index.php/majer/article/download/23/6

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1101222.pdf

http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/lessons-plans/a-picture-is-worth-1000-words/
https://fsu.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/fsu:253036/datastream/PDF/view
https://prezi.com/qvma_rsjzomh/claims-evidence-and-reasoning-in-science/
https://www.google.com/search?
q=claim+evidence+reasoning+example+paragraph&sa=X&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1
&fir=eE0TnXfpurWnjM%253A%252CZAVEJ-B7M8rykM%252C_&usg=AI4_-
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https://www.dvusd.org/cms/lib/AZ01901092/Centricity/Domain/5849/CER.pdf
https://www.utdallas.edu/studentsuccess/files/Paragraph-Development.pdf
https://patternbasedwriting.com/elementary_writing_success/paragraph-examples/
https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/agreeing_disagr
eeing_dialogue_expressions/parts-of-speech/34913
https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/160040