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Felidae: Felidae Felidae Is A Family of Mammals in The Order Carnivora
Felidae: Felidae Felidae Is A Family of Mammals in The Order Carnivora
Characteristics
All members of the cat family have the following characteristics in
common:
The colour, length and density of their fur is very diverse. Fur colour covers the gamut from white to black,
and fur pattern from distinctive small spots, stripes to small blotches and rosettes. Most cat species are born
with a spotted fur, except the jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi), Asian golden cat (Catopuma
temminckii) and caracal (Caracal caracal). The spotted fur of lion (Panthera leo) and cougar (Puma
concolor) cubs change to a uniform fur during their ontogeny.[8] Those living in cold environments have
thick fur with long hair, like the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) and the Pallas's cat (Otocolobus manul).[13]
Those living in tropical and hot climate zones have short fur. Several species exhibit melanism with all-
black individuals.[9]
In the great majority of cat species, the tail is between a third and a half of the body length, although with
some exceptions, like the Lynx species and margay.[9] Cat species vary greatly in body and skull sizes, and
weights:
The largest cat species is the tiger (Panthera tigris), with a head-to-body length of up to
390 cm (150 in), a weight range of at least 65 to 325 kg (143 to 717 lb), and a skull length
ranging from 316 to 413 mm (12.4 to 16.3 in).[9][20] Although the maximum skull length of a lion
is slightly greater at 419 mm (16.5 in), it is generally smaller in head-to-body length than the
former.[21]
The smallest cat species are the rusty-spotted cat (Prionailurus rubiginosus) and the black-
footed cat (Felis nigripes). The former is 35–48 cm (14–19 in) in length and weighs 0.9–1.6 kg
(2.0–3.5 lb).[9] The latter has a head-to-body length of 36.7–43.3 cm (14.4–17.0 in) and a
maximum recorded weight of 2.45 kg (5.4 lb).[22][23]
Most cat species have a haploid number of 18 or 19. Central and South American cats have a haploid
number of 18, possibly due to the combination of two smaller chromosomes into a larger one.[24]
Evolution
The family Felidae is part of the Feliformia, a suborder that diverged
probably about 50.6 to 35 million years ago into several families.[25]
The Felidae and the Asiatic linsangs are considered a sister group,
which split about 35.2 to 31.9 million years ago.[26]
Results of mitochondrial analysis indicate that the living Felidae Model of Smilodon fatalis
species descended from a common ancestor, which originated in Asia
in the Late Miocene epoch. They migrated to Africa, Europe and the
Americas in the course of at least 10 migration waves during the past
~11 million years. Low sea levels, interglacial and glacial periods
facilitated these migrations.[32] Panthera blytheae is the oldest known
pantherine cat dated to the late Messinian to early Zanclean ages about
5.95 to 4.1 million years ago. A fossil skull was excavated in 2010 in
Zanda County on the Tibetan Plateau.[33] Panthera palaeosinensis from Graphical reconstruction of an
North China probably dates to the Late Miocene or Early Pliocene. The American lion (Panthera atrox)
skull of the holotype is similar to that of a lion or leopard.[34] Panthera
zdanskyi dates to the Gelasian about 2.55 to 2.16 million years ago.
Several fossil skulls and jawbones were excavated in northwestern China.[35] Panthera gombaszoegensis is
the earliest known pantherine cat that lived in Europe about 1.95 to 1.77 million years ago.[36]
Living felids fall into eight evolutionary lineages or species clades.[37][38] Genotyping of nuclear DNA of all
41 felid species revealed that hybridization between species occurred in the course of evolution within the
majority of the eight lineages.[39]
Modelling of felid coat pattern transformations revealed that nearly all patterns evolved from small spots.[40]
Classification
Traditionally, five subfamilies have been distinguished within the Felidae based on phenotypical features:
the Pantherinae, the Felinae, the Acinonychinae,[10] and the extinct Machairodontinae and Proailurinae.[2]
Living species
The following table shows the living genera within the Felidae, grouped according to the traditional
phenotypical classification.[11] Estimated genetic divergence times of the corresponding eight genotypical
evolutionary lineages are indicated in million years ago (Mya), based on analysis of autosomal, xDNA,
yDNA and mtDNA gene segments;[32] and estimates based on analysis of biparental nuclear genomes.[39]
Subfamily Pantherinae
IUCN Red List status and
Genus Species
distribution
Pardofelis Severtzov, 1858[58] Marbled cat (P. marmorata) (Martin, 1836)[59] NT [60]
[Lineage 2: 12.77 to 7.36
Mya] diverged 8.42 to 4.27 Mya
Catopuma Severtzov, Asian golden cat (C. temminckii) (Vigors & NT [62]
1858[58] Horsfield, 1827)[61]
[Lineage 2]; 8.47 to 0.41
Mya[39] diverged 6.42 to 2.96 Mya; 4.58 to
0.03 Mya[39]
Leopardus Gray, 1842[72] Pampas cat (L. colocola) (Molina, 1782)[73] NT [74]
[Lineage 4: 10.95 to 6.3
Mya]; 5.19 to 0.93 Mya[39] diverged 2.70 to 1.18 Mya
Otocolobus Ognev, 1928[105] Pallas's cat (O. manul) (Pallas, 1776)[106] NT [107]
[Lineage 7: 8.55 to 4.8
Mya]; 9.4 to 1.46 Mya[39] diverged 8.16 to 4.53 Mya
Felis Linnaeus, 1758[117] Jungle cat (F. chaus) Schreber, 1777[118] LC[119]
[Lineage 8: 4.88 to 2.41
Mya]; 6.52 to 1.03 Mya[39] diverged 4.88 to 2.41 Mya
The phylogenetic relationships of living felids are shown in the following cladogram:[32]
Felidae Panthera lineage
Pardofelis
Marbled cat (P. marmorata)
Caracal lineage
Leptailurus
Serval (L. serval)
Ocelot lineage
Acinonyx
Cheetah (A. jubatus)
Leopard cat lineage
Prionailurus
Leopard cat (P.
bengalensis)
Otocolobus
Pallas's cat (O. manul)
Prehistoric taxa
Proailurinae
See also
Felid hybrid Panthera hybrid
Exotic felines as pets List of felids
Cat gap Pinch-induced behavioral inhibition
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External links
Felidae (https://curlie.org/Science/Biology/Flora_and_Fauna/Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Car
nivora/Felidae/) at Curlie
Keller, E. (2015). "Secrets of the World's 38 Species of Wild Cats" (https://blog.nationalgeogra
phic.org/2015/12/24/secrets-of-the-worlds-38-species-of-wild-cats/). National Geographic
Society.
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