KKKR3723 : UTILITY &

PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN

PART I :- INTRODUCTION

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL AND PROCESS ENGINEERING, FKAB

SEMESTER II 2019/2020
 LEARNING OUTCOMES OF PART I
At the end of this part, students should be able to:

know the role of chemical engineers in pressure vessel

design.

know codes and standards related to pressure vessel

design.

know the procedure of designing the pressure vessel

according to Malaysian law.
know the related Malaysian regulations & Act, and
governmental agencies that deal with the pressure
vessel design.
 INTRODUCTION
Pressure • Most processing equipment in chemical / biochemical,
petroleum & petrochemical plants consist of PV that
Vessel operating at the higher or lower T & P compared to the
(PV)? ambient conditions.

• Distillation, extraction and absorption columns

Examples of • Stirred tank reactors
vessels • Storage tanks of solids, liquids and gases
• Heat exchangers, etc.

• Can withstand the operating conditions so that it is safe

Compliance and cannot explode or collapse.
of designed • Can withstand extreme change of the local weather or
PV freak conditions such as strong winds (storms),
atmospheric T change, earthquake or tsunami.
 PRESSURE VESSELS (PV)
• Any closed vessel with diameter > 150 mm that can withstand
General at the pressure difference > 1 bar, which is to be designed to
definition for fulfill any process requirement.
PV

• Chemical engineers are NOT required to perform detailed mechanical design

of process equipment
Role of • However, they are required to have the basic understandings of the process
chemical equipment design so that they can work in hand and effectively with the expert
engineers designer.

• Vessel function,
• Process material and process services,
• Operating & design temperature and pressure of the vessel,
• Construction material,
• Dimensions and orientation of vessel,
Basic • Types of heads or covers (hemispherical, torispherical, conical, ellipsoidal),
information • Required openings and joints,
required by
expert designer • Determination of jackets and heating/cooling coils,
• Mixer or agitators,
• Internal fittings.
 ROLES OF ENGINEERS
Role of EXPERT
ENGINEER / Role of CHEMICAL
MECHANICAL ENGINEER
ENGINEER
To determine and provide those
To determine: basic technical requirement of the
1. Required wall thickness of vessels vessels to the expert designer for
that can withstand with the operating further detailed design of the
conditions, vessels.
2. Suitable design material for the
operating conditions,
Should:
3. Type and thickness of vessel
supports to withstand to freak 1. Inspect the constructability and
conditions. workability of the design and the
proposed facilities,
2. Estimate the vessel cost for the
purpose of economic evaluation of
Mechanical engineer is expected to be the whole plant, and
MORE EXPERT in design codes and 3. Determine the general layout of
current practices of vessel design & the whole plant.
stress analysis.
 CODES & STANDARDS OF
PRESSURE VESSELS
Function of codes and 5 Factors affecting SAFETY
2 Available of the pressure vessels:
Codes standards
1. British 1. To specify the 1. Design – wall thickness,
Standards minimum requirements welding process
(BS), BS5500 & guidelines of design 2. Design material –
2. ASME and construction of chemical & mechanical
(American pressure vessels. characteristics
Society of 2. To ensure that the 3. Fabrications –
Mechanical construction of pressure approved fabrication
Engineer) vessels SAFE so they process
can function properly 4. Testing process
and operate safely. 5. Documentation –
manufacturer data report,
agreement between
factory, clients & the
insurance companies
MALAYSIAN REGULATIONS & ACTS
Regulations and Acts Authority
Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (Act 139)
that covers Steam Boiler and Unfired Pressure Jabatan Keselamatan
Vessel; Electrical Passenger and Good Lift; ….. dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan
Noise Exposure etc. (JKKP) or Department of
Occupational Safety and
Health (DOSH) under
Malaysian Factories and Machinery Act 1967
(Act 139), “Unfired Vessel” means “any Kementerian Sumber
enclosed vessel under pressure greater than Manusia
atmospheric pressure by any gas or mixture or
combination of gases and includes any vessel
under pressure of steam external to the steam
boiler and any vessel which is under pressure
National Institute of
of a liquid or gas or both, and any vessel Occupational Safety and
subject internally to a pressure less than Health (NIOSH)
atmospheric pressure but does not include any
gas cylinders…”.
SOCSO
 PROCEDURE UNDER MALAYSIAN
REGULATIONS AND ACTS
2-step registration for
vessels imported from • 1. Design approval by DOSH
other countries or locally Headquarter Office in Putrajaya.
manufactured before • 2. Permission for operation from state
being installed and used
in Malaysia DOSH.

• Unfired Vessels = very high risk equipment

and potential to be dangerous when their
contents are pressurized.
WHY Unfired Vessels • Any faulty in design or construction can
must be firstly cause explosion & damage not only to the
approved before being vessels but also to the public assets and
installed / used? environment and fatality.
• The DOSH is responsible to control the
approval, registration and the examinations
of the pressure vessels.
GUDELINES FOR APPROVAL APPLICATION
OF PRESSERE VESSELS - DOSH

• 1. Information • Should provide • Application

3 Category

Complete documents
Reference
Needed in Design references for letter
Application of
Unfired Pressure any • UPV
Vessel (Approved calculations. Appendix
Local Fabricator) • Each design
• 2. Information
• Design
Needed in Design
drawing of Approval
Application of components & Certificate
Unfired Pressure fabrications • Design
Vessel (Import) must have a
• 3. Information
Calculations
reference
Needed in Design • Other
Application of number on the
certificates
Unfired Pressure drawing.
Vessel (Used
Vessel)
INFORMATION REQUIRED IN DESIGN PLAN –
by DOSH
Design Information (on right corner of plan)

Design code 10 Design

(current edition) specifications

a. Design Pressure
b. Working / Operating Pressure
c. Design Temperature
d. Working / Operating Temperature
e. Hydrostatic Test Pressure
f. Degree of N.D.T (full / spot / none radiography)
g. Medium of Service
h. Volume (m3)
i. Joint Efficiency
j. Corrosion Allowance