Direct Speech- Indirect Speech

1)Present Simple => Past Simple

“She comes here every evening at 8 o’ clock”, Mary told me.
Mary told me that she came there every day ay 8 o’ clock.

2)Present Continuous => Past Cont.

“I am cleaning my room now”, she explained.
She explained that she was cleaning her room at that time.

3)Past Simple => Past Perfect Simple

“She answered my phone yesterday”, Tom told me.
Tom told me that she had answered his phone the day before.

4)Past Cont. => Past Pf. Cont.

“My brother was running around the house when I saw him”, Betty told me.
Betty told me that her brother had been running around the house when she had seen him.

5)Present Pf. Simple => Past Pf. Simple

“We have just got home and we are very tired”, mom told me.
Mom told me that they had just got home and that they were very tired.

6)Present Pf. Cont. => Past Pf. Cont.

‘They have been practicing this dance for one month”, he told me.
He told me that they had been practicing that dance for one month.

7)Future => Future in the past

“I will go on trip next week”, he told me.
He told me that he would go on trip next week.

8)Imperativ => Infinitiv

“Shut up and leave!”, he shouted.
He shouted to shut up and leave.

9)Past Pf. Simple => Past Pf. Simple

"The lesson had already started when he arrived.", she said.
She said that the lesson had already started when he arrived.

10)Past Pf. Cont. => Past Pf. Cont.

"I had already been teaching for five minutes", she said.
She said that she had already been teaching for five minutes.

Do you eat sweets in the morning?

She asked me if I ate sweets in the morning.
Direct speech Indirect speech
will
She said, "I'll teach English online tomorrow." would
She said she would teach English online tomorrow.

can
She said, "I can teach English online." could
She said she could teach English online.

must
She said, "I must have a computer to teach English online." had to
She said she had to have a computer to teach English online.

shall
She said, "What shall we learn today?" should
She asked what we should learn today.

may
She said, "May I open a new browser?" might
She asked if she might open a new browser.

Expressions of time if reported on a different day

this (evening) › that (evening)
today › yesterday ...
these (days) › those (days)
now › then
(a week) ago › (a week) before
last weekend › the weekend before last / the previous weekend
here › there
next (week) › the following (week)
tomorrow › the next/following day