Software Verification

PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000

REVISION NO.: 1

EN 2-2004 Example 003

P-M INTERACTION CHECK FOR COMPRESSION-CONTROLLED RECTANGULAR COLUMN

EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION
Detailed calculations are shown for demand/capacity checks of the mid-height
section of a column given axial load, biaxial bending moments, and transverse
lateral load.

In this example, a reinforced concrete column is subjected to factored axial load N

= 12,600 kN, transverse lateral load P = 500 kN, and moments My_top = 1450 kN-
m, My_bottom = -600 kN-m, Mz_top = -70 kN-m, Mz_bottom = 40 kN-m. The column is
pinned supported on the bottom and restrained at the top from translation in the X
and Y directions. This column is reinforced with fourteen size-40 bars.

GEOMETRY, PROPERTIES AND LOADING

Z
N = 12,600 kN c = 60 mm

My_top = 1450 kN-m c = 60 mm

Mz_top = -70 kN-m

h = 750 mm Y

A A
40 bar
P = 500 kN

b = 650 mm

L = 15200 mm
6 2
Ecm = 41x10 kN/m fck = 70 MPa
6 2 fyk = 500 MPa
My_bottom = -600 kN-m Es = 200x10 kN/m
Mz_bottom = 40 kN-m

Coefficients
𝛾𝑐 = 1.5 𝛼𝑐𝑐 = 0.85
𝛾𝑐𝐸 = 1.2 𝛼𝑒 = 15
𝛾𝑠 = 1.15 𝜑𝑒𝑓 = 1.21

EN 2-2004 Example 003 - 1

 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 1

TECHNICAL FEATURES TESTED

➢ Tied reinforced concrete column design

RESULTS COMPARISON
Independent results are hand calculated and compared in the table below. The
results are shown for the major axis of bending (Y-direction of bending) with the
governing permutation.

Important note: for the biaxial bending ratio checks, SAP2000 utilizes the PMM
interaction surface to determine the column demand/capacity ratio (See Section
3.4.2.3 in the Concrete Frame Design Manual – Eurocode 2-2004 with 8-2004).
However, the independent results employ the simplified criterion provided by
Eurocode 2-2004 [Equation 5.39 in Section 5.8.9(4)]. As a result, modest
discrepancy is expected for the biaxial bending ratio between SAP2000 and
independent results.

Output Parameter Independent SAP2000 Ratio

Biaxial bending check
1.91 1.47 1.2993
(Nominal Curvature)
Biaxial bending check
1.85 1.45 1.2759
(Nominal Stiffness)
Imperfection moment, M imp (kN-m) 296.6 297 1.0013
Minimum moment, M min (kN-m) 315 315 1.0000
Second-order moment, M 2 (kN-m)
1811 1810.3 1.0004
(Nominal Curvature)
Final design moment, M Ed (kN-m)
2441 2440 1.0004
(Nominal Curvature)
Moment magnification factor, MMF
3.51 3.51 1.0000
(Nominal Stiffness)
Final design moment, M Ed (kN-m)
2211 2213 1.0009
(Nominal Stiffness)
Moment resistance, M Rd
2505 2505 1.0000
(at N Ed = 12, 600 kN)

COMPUTER FILE: EN 2-2004 EX003

CONCLUSION
The computed results show an acceptable comparison with the independent results

EN 2-2004 Example 003 - 2

 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 1

HAND CALCULATION

The hand calculation considers nine (9) permutations in the design check for the section
at mid-height of the column, but only shows the details for three (3) permutations
including one with analysis moments, one with analysis moments plus imperfection
moment applied in the positive major axis of bending, and one with analysis moments,
imperfection moment, and second-order moments. Comparison between results in all
nine (9) permutations is made to determine the governing design.

Note:
a. The effective length, 𝑙𝑜 , is computed based on the bracing condition and stiffness of
the structural members connected to the column top and bottom in the model. The
value of 𝑙𝑜 can be overwritten through the effective length factors in the View/Revise
Overwrites form of the program. For this example, the effective length factors in the
major and minor bending directions are assumed to be 0.93 and 0.91, respectively.

b. The radius of gyration of the cross section used in calculation of the slenderness ratio
only includes concrete without contribution of longitudinal reinforcement.

c. The slenderness limit ratio is calculated using first-order moments that include the
imperfection moment applied on each axis of bending one at a time.

1) Analysis moment (permutation #1)

Moment diagrams:
1450 kN-m -70 kN-m

-1475 kN-m
-15 kN-m

-600 kN-m 40 kN-m

Major Minor

EN 2-2004 Example 003 - 3

 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 1

Construct P-M interaction diagrams for the section in major axis of bending:
Concrete limiting strain:
  90 − f ck   1
4
  90 − f ck   1
4

 cu 3 = 2.6 + 35    = 2.6 + 35    = 0.00266

  100   1000   100   1000
for f ck = 70 MPa > 50 MPa
  f ck − 50   1   70 − 50   1
 c 3 = 1.75 + 0.55    = 1.75 + 0.55   = 0.00203
  40   1000   40   1000
for f ck = 70 MPa > 50 MPa
 c _ max =  cu 3 = 0.00266

Balance point:
Neutral axis at balance point:
f yk
500
f yd s 1.15 = 0.002174
y = = =
Es Es 200 , 000
 c _ max d 0.00266 ( 0.75 − 0.06 )
cbal = = = 0.37945 (m)
 c _ max +  y 0.00266 + 0.002174

Concrete compressive force:

f − 50 70 − 50
 = 0.8 − ck = 0.8 − = 0.75
400 400
f 70
fcd =  cc ck = 0.85 = 39.6667 (MPa)
c 1.5
Fc = ( cbal )( fcd ) 0.65 = ( 0.75 0.37945)( 0.9 39666.7 ) 0.65 = 6603.86 (kN)

Steel compressive force:

In computing the compressive force of steel in compression, concrete area over
locations of these steel bars contributing to compressive force is subtracted. The top 3
layers of longitudinal reinforcement are within the neutral axis depth and in
compression.

Layer 1 (top 4 bars):

c − 0.6 0.37945 − 0.06
 sc1 = bal  c _ max = 0.00266 = 0.00224
cbal 0.37945

EN 2-2004 Example 003 - 4

 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 1

f sc1 = min ( f yd ,Es sc ) −  f cd = min 500( 1.15 )

, 200000 0.00224 − 0.9 39.667
= 399.082 (MPa)
 0.042
Fsc1 = f sc As = 399.082 4 = 2.006 (MN) = 2006 (kN)
4
Layer 2 (next 2 bars):
c − 0.6 − 0.1575 0.37945 − 0.06 − 0.1575
 sc 2 = bal  c _ max = 0.00266 = 0.001135
cbal 0.37945
f sc 2 = min ( f yd ,Es sc ) − fcd = min 500 ( 1.15 )
, 200000 0.001135 − 0.9 39.667 = 191.3 (MPa)
 0.042
Fsc 2 = f sc As = 191.3 2 = 0.4808 (MN) = 480.8 (kN)
4

Layer 3 (2 bars):
c − 0.6 − 2 0.1575 0.37945 − 0.06 − 2 0.1575
 sc3 = bal  c _ max = 0.00266 = 0.0000312
cbal 0.37945
f sc3 = min ( f yd ,Es sc ) − fcd = min 500
1.15 (, 200000 0.0000312 = 6.24 (MPa) )
(compressive stress in this layer of steel is lower than concrete compressive stress, so
concrete compression subtraction is ignored)
 0.042
Fsc 3 = f sc As = 6.24 2 = 0.0157 (MN) = 15.7 (kN)
4

Steel tensile force:

Layer 4 (2 bars):
h − cbal − c − 0.1575 0.75 − 0.37945 − 0.06 − 0.1575
 s4 =  c _ max = 0.00266 = 0.001073
cbal 0.37945

(
f s 4 = min ( f yd ,Es sc ) = min 500
1.15 )
, 200000 0.001073 = 214.6 (MPa)
 0.04 2
Fs 4 = f s As = 214.6 2 = 0.53935 (MN) = 539.35 (kN)
4

Layer 5 (4 bars):
h − cbal − c 0.75 − 0.37945 − 0.06
 s5 =  c _ max = 0.00266 = 0.002177
cbal 0.37945
f s 5 = min ( f yd ,Es sc ) = min 500( 1.15 )
, 200000 0.002177 = 434.78 (MPa)

EN 2-2004 Example 003 - 5

 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 1

 0.042
Fs 5 = f s As = 434.78 4 = 2.1855 (MN) = 2185.5 (kN)
4

Total axial force at balance point:

P = Fc + Fsc1 + Fsc 2 + Fsc 3 − Fs 4 − Fs 5 = 6603.86 + 2006 + 480.8 + 15.7 − 539.35 − 2185.5
= 6381.5 (kN)
Moment resistance at balance point (moment is taken about the top of the cross
section):
h c
M bal = Fs 5 d + Fs 4 ( d − 0.1575 ) + P − Fc bal − Fsc1 0.06 − Fsc 2 ( 0.06 + 0.1575 )
2 2
-Fsc 3 ( 0.06 + 2 0.1575 )
0.75 0.75 0.37945
= 2185.5 0.690 + 539.35 ( 0.690 − 0.1575) + 6381.5 − 6603.86
2 2
− 2006 0.06 + 480.8 ( 0.06 + 0.1575) + 15.7 ( 0.06 + 2 0.1575 )
= 1508 + 287.2 + 2393 - 939.7 -120.4 -104.6 - 5.9 = 3017.6 ( kN - m )

Similar calculations of the P-M interaction at the balance point are carried out for
other points to complete the P-M interaction curve of the cross section in the Y and Z
directions. From these two P-M interaction curves, the moment resistance at N =
12,600 kN is obtained for both directions:
M Rd _Y = 2505 ( kN - m )
M Rd _ Z = 2256 ( kN - m )

Biaxial bending check:

 0.042 500
N Rd = Ac f cd + As f yd = 0.75 0.65 39.667 + 14 = 26.987 (MN) = 26987 (kN)
4 1.15
N Ed 12600
= = 0.467
N Rd 26987
0.467 − 0.1
a= (1.5 − 1) + 1 = 1.306
0.7 − 0.1
a a
 M Ed _ Z   M Ed _Y   15 1.306  1475 1.306
  +   =   +  = 0.502
 M Rd _ Z   M Rd _Y   2256   2505 

EN 2-2004 Example 003 - 6

 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 1

2) Analysis moment plus imperfection moment applied on positive major axis of

bending (permutation #2)

Imperfection moment
m =1
 1  1
 m = 0.5 1 +  = 0.5 1 +  = 1
m  1   
2 2
h = = = 0.513 and 2   h  1   h = 2
l 15.2 3 3
 0 = 1 200
1 2
i = 0 h m = 1 = 0.00333
200 3
i l0 _Y i kY l 0.00333 0.93 15.2
ei _Y = = = = 0.02354 ( m )
2 2 2
M imp_Y = N ed ei_Y = 12 , 600 0.02354 = 296.6 (kN - m)
e0 _Y = max 20mm, h ( 30 ) (
= max 20mm, 750mm
30 )
= 25 ( mm )
M min _Y = N ed e0 _Y = 12 , 600 0.025 = 315 (kN - m)

i l0 _ Z i kZ l 0.00333 0.91 15.2

ei _ Z = = = = 0.02303 ( m )
2 2 2
M imp_Z = N ed ei_Z = 12 , 600 0.02303 = 290.2 (kN - m)
e0 _Z = max 20mm, b ( 30 ) (
= max 20mm, 650mm
30 )
= 21.67 ( mm )
M min _Z = N ed e0 _Z = 12 , 600 0.02167 = 273 (kN - m)

Since the imperfection moment is only applied on the positive major axis of bending,
the design moments are:
M Ed_Y = M analysis + M imp_Y  M min_Y = 315
= − 1475 + 296.6 = −1178.4 (kN-m)
M Ed_Z = M analysis  M min_Z = 273
= − 15  M min_Z = 273  M Ed_Z = −273 (kN-m)
Biaxial bending check:
a a
 M Ed _ Z   M Ed _Y   273 1.306  1178.4 1.306
  +   =   +  = 0.437
 M Rd _ Z   M Rd _Y   2256   2505 

EN 2-2004 Example 003 - 7

 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 1

3) Analysis moment plus imperfection moment applied in negative minor axis of

bending and second-order moment (permutation #9)

( )
M 02 _Y = max M Y _ top , M Y _ bottom = max ( 1450 , −600 ) = 1450 ( kN − m )
 M 02 _Y = 1450 ( kN − m )

( )
M 01_Y = min M Y _ top , M Y _ bottom = min ( 1450 , −600 ) = 600 ( kN − m )  M 01 = −600 (kN - m)
M 0 Ed_Y = 0.6M 02 _Y + 0.4M 01_Y  0.4M 02 _Y
= 0.6 1450 + 0.4 ( −600 )  0.4 1450
= 630 (kN - m)

 ( )  ( )
M 02 _Z = sign  max M Z _ top , M Z _ bottom  max M Z _ top , M Z _ bottom − M imp_Z

= −  max ( −70 , 40 )  − 290.2 = −360.2 ( kN − m )

 ( )  ( )
M 01_Z = sign  min M Z _ top , M Z _ bottom  min M Z _ top , M Z _ bottom − M imp_Z

= min ( −70 , 40 ) − 290.2 = −250.2 ( kN − m )

M 0 Ed_Z = 0.6M 02 _Z + 0.4M 01_Z  0.4M 02 _Z
= 0.6 ( −360.2 ) + 0.4 ( −250.2 )  0.4 ( −360.2 )
= -316.2 (kN - m)

Slenderness check
Radius of gyration:
A = h • b = 0.75 • 0.65 = 0.4875 (m2 )
b • h 3 0.65 • 0.753
IY = = = 0.02285 (m 4 )
12 12
b• h 3
0.75 • 0.653
IZ = = = 0.01716 (m 4 )
12 12
I 0.02285
iY = Y = = 0.2165 (m)
A 0.4875
I 0.01716
iZ = Z = = 0.1876 (m)
A 0.4875

EN 2-2004 Example 003 - 8

 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 1

Effective length:
lo_Y = kY l = 0.93 15.2 = 14.136 (m)
lo_Z = k Z l = 0.91 15.2 = 13.832 (m)

Slenderness ratio:
l 14.136
Y = o_Y = = 65.3
iY 0.2165
l 13.832
Z = o_Z = = 73.7
iZ 0.1876

Limiting slenderness ratio:

f - 50 70 - 50
η = 1.0 - ck = 1.0 - = 0.9
200 200
f 70
fcd =  cc ck = 0.85 = 39.6667 (MPa)
c 1.5
 0.042 500
As f yd 14
= = 4 1.15 = 0.3956
Ac f cd 0.75 0.65 39.6667
1MN
12 ,600kN
N ed 1000kN = 0.652
n= =
Ac f cd 0.75 0.65 39.6667
1 1
A= = = 0.805
1 + 0.2ef 1 + 0.2 1.21
B = 1 + 2 = 1 + 2 0.3956 = 1.3384
M 01_Y −600
rm_Y = = = −0.4138
M 02 _Y 1450
CY = 1.7 − rm_Y = 1.7 − ( −0.4138) = 2.1138
20 ABCY 20 0.805 1.3384 2.1138
lim _Y = = = 56.41
n 0.652
M 01_Z −250.2
rm_Z = = = 0.6946
M 02 _Z −360.2
CZ = 1.7 − rm_Z = 1.7 − 0.6946 = 1.0054
20 ABCZ 20 0.805 1.3384 1.0054
lim _Z = = = 26.83
n 0.652

EN 2-2004 Example 003 - 9

 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 1

Slenderness condition:
Y = 65.3  56.41 = lim _Y  the column is slender in Y - direction
Z = 73.7  26.83 = lim _Z  the column is slender in Z - direction
Second-order moment must be included in the final design moments in both major
and minor axes of bending.

As the column is slender, the code allows two (2) different methods to compute
second-order moment including Nominal Curvature and Nominal Stiffness. The
following section 4 utilizes the Nominal Curvature method, and section 5 employs the
Nominal Stiffness method.

4) Second-order moment (Nominal Curvature):

Relative axial force at maximum moment resistance:

nbal is defined as the value of relative axial force at maximum moment resistance,
which is also the relative axial force at the balance point of the P-M interaction
diagram of the cross section.

As shown previously, the axial capacity of the section under maximum bending in
major axis is Pbal_Y = 6381.5 kN . Similar calculation is carried out for the section on
minor axis of bending and it is found Pbal_Z = 6185.2 kN
Pbal_Y 6381.5
nbal_Y = = 1000 = 0.33
Ac f cd 0.75 0.65 39.667
Pbal_Z 6185.2
nbal_Z = = 1000 = 0.32
Ac f cd 0.75 0.65 39.667
nu = 1 +  = 1 + 0.3956 = 1.3956
nu − n 1.3956 − 0.652
K r_Y = = = 0.698
nu − nbal_Y 1.3956 − 0.33
nu − n 1.3956 − 0.652
K r_Z = = = 0.691
nu − nbal_Z 1.3956 − 0.32
fck  70 65.3
Y = 0.35 + − Y = 0.35 + − = 0.2647
200 150 200 150
f  70 73.7
 Z = 0.35 + ck − Z = 0.35 + − = 0.2087
200 150 200 150
K _Y = 1 + Y ef = 1 + 0.2647 1.21 = 1.32

EN 2-2004 Example 003 - 10

 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 1

K _Z = 1 +  Z ef = 1 + 0.2087 1.21 = 1.25

14   0.042  0.75  
2

I s_Y =  (Ai • d )= 2 4
2
 − 0.06  
i=1  4  2  

  0.042  0.75  0.042 

2

+ 2 2  − 0.06 − 0. 1575  + 2 2 0  = 0.0011222 (m 4 )
 4  2  4 
14   0.042  0.65  
2

I s_Z =  (Ai • d )= 2 5
2
 − 0.06  
i=1  4  2  

  0.042  0.65  
2

+ 2 2  − 0.06 − 0.17667   = 0.0009217 (m 4 )

 4  2  
 d2  0.042
As = 14 = 14 = 0.0176 (m 2 )
4 4
I s_Y 0.0011222
is_Y = = = 0.2525 (m)
As 0.0176
I s_Z 0.0009217
is_Z = = = 0.2288 (m)
As 0.0176
h 0.75
dY = + iY = + 0.2525 = 0.6275 (m)
2 2
h 0.65
d Z = + iZ = + 0.2288 = 0.5538 (m)
2 2
Fyd 500 1.15
1  yd Es 200000 = 0.0077
= = =
r0 _Y 0.45dY 0.45dY 0.45 0.6275
Fyd 500 1.15
1  Es 200000 = 0.008723
= = =
yd

r0 _Z 0.45d Z 0.45d Z 0.45 0.5538

1 1
= K r_Y K _Y = 0.698 1.32 0.0077 = 0.0071
rY r0 _Y
1 1
= K r_Z K _Z = 0.691 1.25 0.008723 = 0.007534
rZ r0 _Z

Since the first-order moment is double-curvature loading condition:

c =  2 = 9.87

EN 2-2004 Example 003 - 11

 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 1

1 2 1 1
e2 _Y = l0 _Y = 0.0071 14.1362 = 0.1437 (m)
rY c 9.87
1 1 1
e2 _Z = l02_Z = 0.007534 13.8322 = 0.146 (m)
rZ c 9.87
M 2 _Y = Ned e2 _Y = 12,600 0.1437 = 1811 ( kN - m )
M 2 _Z = Ned e2 _Z = 12,600 0.146 = 1840 ( kN - m )

Final design moments: (the second-order moment is added in the same direction as
M 0 Ed )
M Ed _Y = M 0 EdY + M 2Y  M minY = 315
= 630 + 1811 = 2441  315  M Ed _Y = 2441 (kN - m)
M Ed _ Z = M 0 Ed_Z + M 2 _Z  M min _Z = 273
= −316.2 − 1840 = −2156  −2156  273  M Ed _ Z = −2156 (kN - m)

Biaxial bending check:

a a
 M Ed _ Z   M Ed _Y   2156 1.306  2441 1.306
  +   =   +  = 1.91
 M Rd _ Z   M Rd _Y   2256   2505 

5) Moment magnification factor (Nominal Stiffness):

 0.042
14
A
= s = 4 = 0.036  0.002  K s = 1
A 0.75 0.65
f
k1 = ck = 70 = 1.87
20 20
 65.3
k2 _Y = n Y  0.2 = 0.652 = 0.25  0.2  k2 _Y = 0.2
170 170
 73.7
k2 _Z = n Z  0.2 = 0.652 = 0.28  0.2  k2 _Z = 0.2
170 170
k1k2 _Y 1.87 0.2
Kc_Y = = = 0.17
1 + ef 1 + 1.21
k1k2 _Z 1.87 0.2
Kc_Z = = = 0.17
1 + ef 1 + 1.21

EN 2-2004 Example 003 - 12

 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 1

Ecm 41 106
Ecd = = = 34.17 106 (kN / m 2 )
 cE 1.2
b • h3 0.65 0.753
I c_Y = = = 0.02285 (m 4 )
12 12
b• h 3
0.75 0.653
I c_Z = = = 0.01716 (m 4 )
12 12

EIY = Kc_Y Ecd I c_Y + K s Es I s_Y = 0.17 34.17 106 0.02285 + 1 200 106 0.001122
= 3.57 105 (kN - m2 )
EI Z = Kc_Z Ecd I c_Z + K s Es I s_Z = 0.17 34.17 106 0.01716 + 1 200 106 0.0009217
= 2.84 105 (kN - m2 )
 2 EIY  2 3.57 105
N B_Y = = = 17632.5 (kN)
l02_Y 14.1362
 2 EI Z  2 2.84 105
N B_Z = = = 14650 (kN)
l02_Z 13.8322

Since the first-order moment is double-curvature loading condition:

c0 =  2 = 9.87
2
= =1
c0

Moment magnification factor:

 1
MMFY = 1 + = 1+ = 3.51
N B_Y
−1
17632.5 −1
N Ed 12600
 1
MMFZ = 1 + = 1+ = 7.15
N B_Y
−1
14650 −1
N Ed 12600

M Ed _Y = max  M 0 Ed_Y MMFY ;M min_Y  = max 630 3.51; 315 = 2211 (kN - m)
M Ed _ Z = max M 0 Ed_Z MMFZ ;M min_ Z  = max −316.2 7.15; 273 = −2261 (kN - m)
a a
 M Ed _ Z   M Ed _Y   2261 1.306  2211 1.306
  +   =   +  = 1.85
 M Rd _ Z   M Rd _Y   2256   2505 

EN 2-2004 Example 003 - 13

 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 1

All four (4) axes of bending that the imperfection moment is applied on are positive
major, negative major, positive minor, and negative minor directions. Similar
calculations are carried out for the other permutations with the imperfection moment
applied in the other axes of bending one at a time. The final governing
demand/capacity ratio (D/C) turns out to be the permutation with the imperfection
moment applied in the negative minor axis of bending including analysis and second-
order moment.
D
For the Nominal Curvature method:   = 1.91
 C  NC
D
For the Nominal Stiffness method:   = 1.85
 C  NS

Summary: shown for the governing permutation

Y-Axis Z-Axis
First-order moment
M 01 (kN-m) -600 -250.2
M 02 (kN-m) 1450 -360.2
M 0 Ed (kN-m) 630 -316.2
Imperfection moment, M imp (kN-m) 296.6 290.2
Minimum moment, M min (kN-m) 315 273
Slenderness
Slenderness ratio,  65.3 73.7
Slenderness limit ratio, lim 56.4 26.8
Slenderness condition Slender Slender
Second-order moment, M 2 (kN-m)
1811 1840
(Nominal Curvature)
Final design moment, M Ed (kN-m)
2441 2156
(Nominal Curvature)
Moment magnification factor, MMF
3.51 7.15
(Nominal Stiffness)
Final design moment, M Ed (kN-m)
2211 2261
(Nominal Stiffness)
Moment resistance, M Rd (at N Ed = 12, 600 kN) 2505 2256

EN 2-2004 Example 003 - 14

 Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 1

Comparison:

Important note: for the biaxial bending ratio checks, SAP2000 utilizes the PMM
interaction surface to determine the column demand/capacity ratio (See Section
3.4.2.3 in the Concrete Frame Design Manual – Eurocode 2-2004 with 8-2004).
However, the independent results employ the simplified criterion provided by
Eurocode 2-2004 [Equation 5.39 in Section 5.8.9(4)]. As a result, modest
discrepancy is expected for the biaxial bending ratio between SAP2000 and
independent results.

Y-direction (Major axis): shown for the governing permutation

Hand Calculation SAP2000 Ratio

M 01 (kN-m) -600 -600 1.0000
M 02 (kN-m) 1450 1450 1.0000
M 0e (kN-m) 630 630 1.0000
Imperfection moment, M imp (kN-m) 296.6 297 1.0013
Minimum moment, M min (kN-m) 315 315 1.0000
Slenderness ratio,  65.3 65.3 1.0000
Slenderness limit ratio, lim 56.4 56.4 1.0000
Second-order moment, M 2 (kN-m)
1811 1810.3 1.0004
(Nominal Curvature)
Final design moment, M Ed (kN-m)
2441 2440 1.0004
(Nominal Curvature)
Biaxial bending check
1.91 1.47 1.2993
(Nominal Curvature)
Moment magnification factor, MMF
3.51 3.51 1.0000
(Nominal Stiffness)
Final design moment, M Ed (kN-m)
2211 2213 1.0009
(Nominal Stiffness)
Biaxial bending check
1.85 1.45 1.2759
(Nominal Stiffness)
Moment resistance, M Rd
2505 2505 1.000
(at N Ed = 12, 600 kN)

EN 2-2004 Example 003 - 15