As the material Manufacture Aluminum Wires for Electrical Installations

Aluminum is a chemical element with the symbol Al atomic number 13. An abundance
of aluminum itself is the most abundant metal. Aluminum is not a intokind of heavy metal, but it
is an element that amounts to about 8% of the earth's surface is the third most abundant element.
Aluminum contained in use of food additives, antisida, buffered aspirin, astringents, nasal
sprays, antiperspirants, drinking water, car exhaust, tobacco smoke, the use of aluminum foil,
cookware, tin, ceramics, and fireworks. (Wikipedia)
Aluminum is a good conductor of electricity, light and strong (Wikipedia). Is a very good
conductor also fordeliver heat. Aluminum can also be hammered into sheets, drawn into wire and
extruded into bars with a variety of cross sections. Aluminum also is resistant to corrosion.
Aluminum which has properties that can be forged and drawn very possible element is very
widely used and applied in various fields. Aluminum which has the appearance yanng silvery-
white color and features many unusual properties or can not be found on other metals. Aluminum
are widely applied widely in different domains, such as transportation, home decor and
accessories, building and construction, and other, because this is very much the application of
aluminum.
There is no other metal can be used in many ways such as aluminum. The nature of the
usual and unusual has allowed this aluminum element to find many uses broad and applications
in various fields.One well-known application of this application is the manufacture of aluminum
cable, although the material is copper and aluminum. The advantages of the wires are made from
aluminum is not as expensive as the price of copper.
Cable is everything used to conduct electricity from a kempat to another place, and of
course the materials used for the manufacture of these are materials that can conduct electricity
well, for example aluminum as described above that aluminum is a good conductor of electricity,
and therefore the aluminum used as materials along with copper wires.
When viewed in terms of function, the cable can be divided into three types:
1. instrument cable
This cable is included in the low voltage cable, usually the diameter of the conductor only
(max 2.5 mm2), this cable is normally used for electronics and automotiv industry.
2. optic cable
 This optic cables do not use but the use of fiber optic conductors, the ultimate goal is not
to deliver an electric current, but deliver signals from one place to another, this cable is
used to deliver phone signal. Before mobile phones become the trend of the moment, this
cable is very popular in the market, but after the phone becomes the present trend of
production of optic cables even this very sharp decline. The difference in the type of
machine in the manufacturing process insulationnya this cable, the process for low
voltage cables, instrument cables and optic cable using the machine CCV. Cable
construction was a lot of variety, there is the use of armor, some are not dependent on the
location will be paired cables.
3. Power cable
These cables are in use in general, its main function is to transmit electric current from
one place to another. When viewed from the large voltage, cables of this type can be
divided into three types of stress:
1. Low voltage cables (low voltage)
Low voltage cables are usually used for the flow of electricity that has a voltage of
approximately below 1 kV, thickness of insulationnya usually not too thick, between
1 to 2 mm, and is typically used for home buildings, apartments, hotels, and so forth.
Insulatinnya made of PVC or XLPE.
2. Medium voltage cable (medium voltage)
Medium voltage cable used for electricity with a capacity of up to 20 kV.
3. High voltage cables (high voltage)
This kind of cable or medium voltage cables used for electricity with a capacity above
20 kV.
Conductor or conductor is a substance or material that is able to deliver energy, both
electrical energy and heat energy, either solid or liquid even gas. The materials that are
conductors is normally used to make tools that are in need of energy transfer speeds, such as
pots, irons, wires and soldering. Good conductor is a substance or material that has a small
resistivity. In general, the metal conductive. masslnya only gold, silver, copper, aluminum, zinc,
iron respectively have resistivity increases. So as gold is an excellent conductor, but because it is
very expensive, the economic copper and aluminum are very widely used. When viewed in terms
of economic emaslah very nature conductor then silver, copper, aluminum, zinc and iron.
 For areas containing salts are usually aluminum or copper was coated with tin to prevent
corrosion, and the nature of the aluminum itself resistant to corrosion (rust). Raw materials
conductor / aluminum was obtained from smelting, which cable manufacturers in supply with
rolls with a diameter of fairly large (diameter about 8 mm), then do the downsizing in a way
drawn by using drawing machine, as has been mentioned above that the aluminum has flexible
properties in a way, because it can be forged and drawn, in this treatment also drawn using a
drawing machine aluminum as described above. After the diameter of the conductor / aluminum
made in accordance with specifications, the process is continued by using a conductor twist
stranding machine, intent is combine conductors twisted with each other in order to merge into
one entity. In terms of form conductors can be divided into several types, namely Re, Rm, Cm
and flexible. These cables where cable has a diameter and shape physically different.
Insulation is the first patron of the conductor, the process using the extruder (extrusi for
low voltage) material is varied, can be of PVC, XLPE, LSOH, XL-LSOH, XL-HDPE and others.
Each material has the characteristics and treatment of a variety of processes, such as temperature,
use of dies nipple and others.
Polyvinyl chloride is abbreviated PVC, is the third polymer in the amount of usage in the
worldafter polyethylene and poliprolena. Throughout the world more than 50% of PVC produced
and used in construction as a building material. PVC is relatively Muran durable and easy to
assemble. PVC can be made more elastic and flexible by adding plastiziser, generally phthalates.
Flexible PVC generally be used as clothing materials, piping, roof and electrical wiring inuslasi.
PVC is produced by polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer (CH2 = CHCI). Because 57% of
its mass is chlorine, PVC is a polymer that uses petroleum feedstock lowest among other
polymers.
The production process used in generalis a suspension polymerization. In the process of
vinyl chloride monomer and water is introduced into the polymerization reactor and the
polymerization initiator together with additional chemicals to maintain the suspension and ensure
uniformity partike sequence PVC resin. The reaction is exothermic and requires a cooling
mechanism to maintain the reactor at the required temperature. Because berkontaksi volume
during the reaction (PVC is denser than the monomer vinyl chloride), water is added mishmash
continuously to maintain the suspension. When the reaction is complete, the results of PVC
liquid must be separated from the excess vinyl chloride monomer which will be used again for
the next reaction. Then the PVC finished fluid will be centrifuged to separate the excess water.
Fluid then dried with hot air and produce PVC granules. In the process of normal operation, the
excess vinyl chloride monomer in PVC only about less than 1 PPM. Other production processes
such as micro suspension and emulsion polymerization produces PVC with granules of smaller
size with a little different of the nature and diversity of application. Products PVC
polymerization process is pure. Before PVC into final products require conversion by adding
heat stabilizers, UV stabilizers, lubricants, platicizer, auxiliary materials process, thermal
regulators, fillers, flame detention ingredients, biocides, blowing agents and other pigments.
Other production processes such as micro suspension and emulsion polymerization produces
PVC with granules of smaller size with a little different of the nature and diversity of application.
Products PVC polymerization process is pure. Before PVC into final products require conversion
by adding heat stabilizers, UV stabilizers, lubricants, platicizer, auxiliary materials process,
thermal regulators, fillers, flame detention ingredients, biocides, blowing agents and other
pigments. Other production processes such as micro suspension and emulsion polymerization
produces PVC with granules of smaller size with a little different of the nature and diversity of
application. Products PVC polymerization process is pure. Before PVC into final products
require conversion by adding heat stabilizers, UV stabilizers, lubricants, platicizer, auxiliary
materials process, thermal regulators, fillers, flame detention ingredients, biocides, blowing
agents and other pigments.
polyethylene (Abbreviated PE) is thermoplasyic that is used widely by consumer
products as plastic bags. About 60 million tons of plastic are produced annually. Polyethylene is
a polymer consisting of long chains of the monomer ethylene (IUPAC: ethene). Diindustri
polymers, polyethylene PE written by its acronym, the same treatment is done by polystyrene
(PS) and polypropylene (PP). Ethylene molecule C2H4 is CH2 = CH2. Two CH2 groups united
by a double bond. Polyethylene is formed through polymerization of ethene. Polyethylene can be
produced through a process of radical polymerization, anionic addition polymerization, ion
coordination polymerization or cationic addition polymerization. Each method produces a
different type of polyethylene.
High density polyethylene(HDPE) is characterized by a density that exceeds or equal to
0.941 g / cm3. HDPE has a low degree in the ramifications and strength between molecules is
very high and tensile strength. HDPE can be produced with a chromium catalyst / silica, Ziegler-
Natta or metallocene catalysts.
Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)characterized by a density of 0910-0940 g / cm3.
LDPE has a high degree on the structure of long and short chain branching meaning it will not
turn into a crystal structure. It also indicated that the LDPE has a low intermolecular force has
resulted in LDPE has a low tensile strength. LDPE dirpoduksi with free radical polymerization.
Cross link polyethylene(PEX) is a density polyethylene which has a medium to high
cross link connection on the structure of the polymer. Resistance properties at high temperatures
increases as well as resistance to chemicals. This process is a process of melting the material by
using a screw inside cylinder heated later in the press by a condition resulting in a cross-sectional
continue.
The process of the material (PVC) Is a material with a medium level of difficulty, the
temperature in the engine cylinder extrusi between 130oC up to 150oC, whereas for cross head
temperature is usually between 150oC up to 180oC. This temperature also depends on the grade of
PVC itself, today the industry is using low-grade PVC smoke (if burning the smoke is not too
much and the level is very high fire resistance), PVC even today there are lead free.
Screw to process PVC material usually has a compression ratio between 1.5 to 2.3, in
principle, all kinds of screw can be used for PVC, but to get the maximum output is better to use a
compression ratio above 2.0. Flow screw itself has a variety of types, there are types of single
flight, double-flight, Madox type and others.
The process of the material polyethelene (PE)
This material is the easiest material in extrusi, all kinds of screw can be used to process the
PE material, the temperature in the engine cylinder extrusi usually between 130oC up to 160oC,
while for the cross-head temperatures between 180oC up to 220oC

Cross link the process by using polyethelene

This material is a material that has a degree of difficulty was, when the condition of the
process is not in accordance with the type of material, there will be many problems, for example if
the temperature is too low, when the material is already in extrusi (already in the form of wires)
this material can not cross-link with either so that characteristics such as elongation, elongation
variation does not achieve the desired standard, but if the temperature is too high there is the
possibility of cross links during the process (pre-curing).
Cross link occurs usually one to two weeks (room temperature) after the process, but for a
good XPE material can be 3 days after the process can be cross links.
In the exhibition some time ago (dijakarta) there are tools that can accelerate cross link
material, but unfortunately very expensive and very complex equipnmentnya, lead time of
manufacture cables up to delivery is approximately 2 weeks for thickness from 0.5 to 0, 8 mm,
while the thickness of the thicker the material to cross-link process take longer. There are ways to
speed up cross-link by performing additional processing on the cable that is to steam it or added to
hot water with a temperature of 80 ° C for 4 hours so at the time of delivery, the cable has been
ascertained XPE material cross links.
The process of the material LSOH (low smoke zero halogen)
This material is a material which is very high fire resistance, when a building was on fire,
this material can withstand fire for about 40 minutes (cable with category A), so that occupants in it
can save themselves with adequate lighting
The material conditions for the process use a screw with low compression, CR to screw
approximately 1.2 up to 2.7, usually problems that arise during the process is the porosity (the
small holes after the material in extrusi). This can happen if the actual temperature of the material
during the process above 180oC
Processes with XL-LSOH material (Cross link low smoke zero halogen)
This type of material is the material most in terms of process, this compound should be
mixed with the catalyst by a certain percentage, the problems that arise during the process is easy
occurrence of Scorch and the absence of cross-link after the process.
Round screw is very influential for the cross link, when a low RPM, cross link may not be
achieved. Meanwhile, to prevent the occurrence of Scorch, avoid stopping material in the barrel,
did a continuously screw rotation, not to screw rotation stopped, their facilities by pass the cross
head is helpful to avoid the cessation of rotation srew extrusi machine.
Cabling / Taping
Cabling process is the combination of insulation with each other in order to become a single entity.
Problems arising during the process of cabling is pitchnya not in accordance with the desired
taping
This process is the process of filling the sidelines of the cable in order to get a visual round.
Inner sheath
Once the cabling process, do extrusi back, the cable will call process of bedding. Similarly, the
insulation process, the material is very diverse as it has been mentioned before.
Armor
Armor serves as a mechanical protective wiring, the material of the armor usually is steel tape or
steel wire.
Inner sheath
Once the cabling process, do extrusi back, the cable will call process of bedding. Similarly, the
insulation process, the material is very diverse as it has been mentioned before.
Armor
Armor serves as a mechanical protective wiring, the material of the armor usually is steel tape or
steel wire.
Sheath
Sheath is the outermost layer of the cable section, sheath material is very diverse, the process of
making a sheath through extrusi process, as well as the insulation and inner sheath.