CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the background of the study, objectives of the study,

significance of the study, scope, and delimitation of the study.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Gates are widely used in residential areas today. The most common gates

are used at homes as point of entry. Gates may also be used to prevent or

control entry or exit, or they may be merely decorative.

Most gates operated manually since there is always someone at the gate

to open and close the gate when access is required. Practically, manual gates

are always heavy and swing gates for operation.

In modern time manually operated gates do not meet consumer needs as

one must be present to operate them. Today many gate doors are opened by an

automated gate operator. Those gates come with many special features. Having

an automatic gate makes going in and coming out very easy, in fact it is done at

proximity depending on design and what is desired. These also add comfort to

living by expunging the inconveniences of opening and closing a gate manually.

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It is also serves as security to the car since infrared is installed in the car for it to

open, whoever wants to steal it wouldn’t know what to do.

Nowadays, the automatic gate mechanisms have been improved and

developed with different kinds of features. These features have increased the

product cost and this cost does not include the installation cost. Many people

especially with low income could not afford to purchase the gate mechanism.

Those mechanisms have their own working principle and feature but, automatic

gate design seen limited at the local market.

This study entitled “Design and Development of Automatic Sliding Gate

Opener” will be a great help in this kind of problem for every residential areas or

houses. Furthermore, it is also reliable, easy, to maintain, safe to operate and

less in cost compared to other types of automatic gates.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

This study will be conducted to design and develop an automatic sliding gate

opener. Specifically, the objectives of this study are:

1. To design and develop automatic gate opener mechanism.

2. To fabricate a simple model of a gate opener to show how the system

works and its components considering the;

a) Cost reduction
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b) Ease of installation

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

To find more convenient automatic sliding gate opener, the researcher

promptly aimed to design and develop a machine for it.

This study will be beneficial to the following:

1. The Residential houses

a. It provides convenient access and intelligent features that makes it

distinct from all other gates which bring it so close to security device.

b. To avoid manually opening and closing the gate.

c. Require less man power.

2. The Romblon State University

a. A developmental research that can be extended for community use in

order to upgrade their way of living.

b. A possible source of income for income generating project.

c. A research project where preservation of environment is being

promoted.

3. The community.

a. A project where healthy lifestyle is being promoted toward healthy

leaving.
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4. The Future Researchers

a. Serves as reference for the future researchers to improve the design,

efficiency and quality of the product.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study will focus in designing, developing and fabricating of an

automatic sliding gate opener and its mechanism parts. This project is especially

for the slide type gate. It includes the movement and component part of

automatic gate opener. It does not include the electronics part of this system.

Since this study is pilot design, it is initially intended for small scale locally

residential houses. Economic analysis and performance of the machine is

considered.

The design, conceptualization and development will be conducted at

Odiongan, Romblon and testing was conducted at Romblon State University from

November 2018 up to April 2019.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the review of related literature, studies and

published paper which form part of the basis in the conceptualization of the

present study.

RELATED LITERATURE

Automatic gate system is a motorized device that opens and closes the

gate. It uses a remote controller to open or close the gate and also controlled by

the switch on the wall. There are few types of automatic gate such as swing gate,

slide gate, fold gate and many more. But the most popular gate among users are

swing gate and slide gate. It makes no difference between sliding gates or swing

gate. Many prefer swing gates because they involve less maintenance but sliding

gates take up less space and ensure that the driveway is always clear from

wreckage. Besides that, swing gate can be forced open while for slide gate, it

cannot be force open as it can only slide along the fence line (Bintiyahaya, 2016).
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Figure

1. Slide Gate

There are basically three different categories of gate operators that employ

electricity for operation. These are: arm openers, worm screw driven openers and

underground loop openers. Automatic and electric gate openers are designed for

both swinging and sliding gates. Gates openers can be either mechanical or

hydraulic gate. A mechanical gate draws power from the mains to open a gate

while a hydraulic gate uses hydraulic fluid to energize a connected gate. Slide

gate (sliding gates are often large, heavy and therefore more hazardous than

swing gates), acting cylinder to actuate sliding gate. Once the user passer

through the gate, he will need to press the button on transmitter module to

deactivate the system which will make the gate to slide back and close (O.

Shoewu and Segun O. Olatinwo, 2013).

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An actuator moves the gate between the open and closed positions, and a

sensor is operably connected to the actuator to generate data relating to a

position of the barrier gate between the open and closed positions. A processor

receives the data from the sensor and processes the data to move the gate

between the open and closed positions, and detect the position of the gate. A

human-machine interface is operably connected to the processor for

communicating the detected position of the barrier gate to a user (Rines et. al.,

2019).

The gate system also comprises a plurality of narrow beam presence sensors

with substantially constant spacing there between defining linear arrays mounted

along the first barrier member and defining presence detection beam orientation

crosswise and substantially perpendicular to passageway. The gate system

comprises a controller electrically connected to the plurality of narrow beam

presence sensors (Fortin et. al., 2015)

An automatic closure mechanism is provided for moving the barrier from the

open position to the closed position without intervention. The automatic closure

mechanism is associated with the hinge and includes at least two ramps or

inclined surfaces on which at least part of the gate travels when moving between

the open and closed positions (Yates, 2015).

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Automatic gate mechanisms act as the actuator part for the gate

system and provide motion in order to open or closed the gate. The on-board

circuit board receives a signal from an access control and tells the automatic

gate opener to open or close the gate, reverse it if an obstacle is in its path

(Adewuyi, Okelola, and Jemilehin, 2013).

A gate opener has a gate that rotates between an open and a closed

position in order to allow or retard ingress and egress through the gate. A plate is

secured to the ground while a motor is secured to a post of the gate and is

rotatable secured to the plate. Activation of the motor causes the post to rotate

and thereby swing the gate opens (Jones, 2008).

A gate closing device which operates automatic mode. The device

includes a first track which is adapted to be secured to a gate, and a second track

to which driving motor is interconnected. A linkage is slidably interconnected to

both of these tracks. Activation of the motor results in the movement of linkage,

and thus the opening or closing of gate. A damping device is employed at the first

end of the linkage. The damping device enables the gate to be opened a slight

distance without activating the motor (Merrill, 1999)

The automatic gate opener mechanism is the system that combined

mechanical system and electrical system. The function of mechanical part is to

move the gate according the directions that have been set. While, electrical
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system is to give source energy to move the mechanical part. The function of

automatic gate opener mechanism is to help user open or close the gate without

using human energy to pull or push the gate. It functions automatically to move

the gate by switch on the switch (Garvin, 1997).

RELATED STUDIES

(Kebiru and Abdul-Wajid, 2017). The automatic vehicle gate opener is an

electronic-based project carried out to give a solution to a common problem

encountered by people. It involves the design and construction of the transmitter

circuit (using an infrared LED) and transmitting at a frequency of 30 kHz to 40

kHz. The receiver is a combination of an infrared receiver, a decoder IC to drive

the relay. The output of the driver is fed to an NPN transistor which inverts the

input to the decade counter CD4017 the output of the counting sequence fed to

the transistor drivers which drives the relay to move the motor clockwise and

anticlockwise to open and close the gate. A scaled-down prototype of the system

was constructed on Vero-board and tested with a dc motor attached to the gate.

(Arbai, Primus, Nordin, Yahya, and Dandang, 2015). They construct a

small and simple model of low cost Automatic Gate System, which uses a power

motor, circuitry and arduino to move the gate. The primary aim of this project is to
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learn in details about how the automatic gate system works and to understand

the concepts involved. The main activities involved in this project are the

research done on how the automatic gate works, sketching a detailed plan of the

gates, welding (Arc Welding) the metal pieces together to form the gate,

purchasing the correct power motor and circuit’s and gate together and finally the

test run.

Figure 2. Auto Gate Design

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(Martins, Chijioke, and Osmond, 2015). This research work focuses on

generating system control using Passive infrared, Pressure sensor, Radio

Frequency Transceiver to activate Apllic-37 microcontroller which controls a

single Solenoid valve aided to a buffered Driver. The system employs the high

power transference property of hydraulics to operate sliding gate with full control

over weight, friction due to ageing and other environmental harsh effects carefully

considered.

(Chaudhary and Kumawat, 2012). A microprocessor controlled

automatic door opener including means for detecting the velocity and direction

of travel of the door. The micro-controller evaluates detected changes in either

the velocity or direction of travel to determine the cause, and either reverses

door travel direction or ignores the detection. The settings of the door are stored

in the memory of the microprocessor. The microcontroller will regulate the

opening and closing speed and the direction of door travel depending upon a

pre-programmed sequence. The door control mechanism is able to differentiate

between these internal factors and external obstructions.

(Mohd Tarmizi Bin Abd Aziz, 2007). He worked on development of

Automatic Gate Opener Mechanism where he designed automatic gate opener

mechanisms. It covers fabrication and assembling of gate opener components

using Mild steel and of the gate. It focuses on the gate opener without much

work on automatic control using feedbacks from sensor.

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The conceptual model of the study utilizes the input, throughput and output

which are shown in Figure.

The input of the study is consists of alternative ideas from related literature

and studies. The throughput covers the different process involved in the

development of the study: Conceptualization, Designing, Developing and

Fabrication

The output is automatic sliding gate opener.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Alternative Ideas
 Developed
from related  Designing
And Fabricated
studies  Developing
Automatic
 Supplies and  Fabrication Sliding Gate
Materials Opener
 Tools and
Equipment

Figure 3. Conceptual Framework

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OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

To fully understand this research study, the following terms are defined

technically and operationally.

Actuator – a device that moves or controls mechanisms or systems.

Arduino – an open-source microcontroller development board that use to

read sensors and control things.

Automation - it a makes a machine, process or procedure more fully

automatic, it is a self-controlling or self-moving process.

Gate Openers – makes the gate open and close when receiving an

electric impulse created by sensor device that is mounted in the driveway.

Mechanism – a device that transforms input forces and movement into a

desired set of output forces and movement.

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Sensor – a device that detects and responds to some type of input from

the physical environment.

Sliding Gate – is a type of gate which opens horizontally by sliding,

whereby the gate is either mounted on or suspended from a track.