CPH WEEK 3: * father of modern medicine

EPIDEMIOLOGY (PART 1) * the canon of medicine (1020’s), discovered the contagious

EPIDEMIOLOGY
- EPI = upon
- DEMOS = people
- LOGOS = study
- J.P. PARKIN, 1873: “A branch of medical
services which treats of epidemics.”
- McMAHON & PUGH: “The study of the
distribution and determinants of disease
frequency in man.”
- Distribution: Describes the disease in terms
of time, person and place.
- JOHN LAST, 2001: “Scientific study of the
distribution and determinants of health-related
states or events in specified populations and
the application of this study to control health
problems.”
nature of tuberculosis and sexually transmitted disease, and
the distribution of disease through water and soil
* Stated that bodily secretion is contaminated by foul foreign
earthly bodies before being infected
Ibn al-Khatib
* wrote a treatise called on the plague
* stated how infectious disease can be transmitted through
bodily contact and through garments, vessels and earrings”
Anton van leeuwenhoek
* the development of a sufficiently powerful microscope in
1675 provided visual evidence of living particles consstent
with a germ theory of disease
John Graunt
* “Natural and poltical observations made upon the bills of
mortality”
* used analysis of the mortality rolls in London nefore the great
plague to present one of the first life tables and report time
trends for many dseases, new and old

EPIDEMIOLOGY
* EPI MEANS “UPON”
CONTRIBUTIONS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
* DEMOS MEANS “PEOPLE”
* The natural experiment to identify waterborne transmission
* LOGOS MEANS “STUDY”
of cholera (John Snow-1854)
* ”branch of medical services which treats of epidemics” (J.P.
* the intervention trial among sailors helped identify nutritional
Parkin,1873)
deficiency as the cause of scurvy and use of oranges and
* ”the study of the distribution and determinants of disease
lemons to cure it (James Lind- 1747)
frequency in man” (McMahon & Pugh, 1970)
* the identification of the transmission, incubation period and
* ”Scientific study of the distribution and determinants of
infectious period of measles (Peter Panum-1846)
health-related states or events in specified populations, and
* discovery of a cause of cancer- observed chimney sweeps in
the application of this study to control health problems” (John
London and found deposition of soot in the scrotum to be the
Last 2001)
cause of their high levels of scrotal cancer (Percival Pott-
* “The science of community and public health that deals with
1775)
the distribution by time, place, and person of condition,
* the discovery that pellagra was caused by diet and germs
behaviors, and factors related to health of populations so that
(Joseph Goldberger- 1914)
prevention and control interventions can be planned”
* pellagra - deficiency of B3
* attributes
* the streptomycin trial for the treatment of pulmonary
* population
tuberculosis (Medical research council- 1948)
* distribution by time, place, and person
* the delineation of the link between smoking and tobacco use
* epidemiology is a science
and cancers, heart diseases and other diseases that linked
* bass of community and public health
smoking to lung cancer (Doll and Hill- 1950)
* About conditions, behaviors, and factors related to health
* the identification of the causative factors for heart disease
* interested in identification of antecedents and causes
through the Framingham Heart Study (Dawber, Meadors and
responsible for health
Moore- 1951)
* deals with populations as opposed to individuals
* the explication of transmission and causation of HIV/AIDS
* to help with the planning and control interventions
(CDC- 2006)
* the identification of workplace hazards such as lead, abestos
John Snow
and dioxins (Schoenbach & Rosamond- 2000)
* father of modern epidemiology
* The increased understanding of the benefits and effects of
* investigations into the causes of the 19th century cholera
physical activity and exercise (Paffenbarger- 1988)
epidemics
* The establishment of surveillance systems for tracking
* perceived as the major event in the history of public health
diseases and other health conditions such as health behaviors
and can be regarded as the founding event of the science of
and drug-use
epidemiology
* the development of valid measures and survey
methodologies for a variety of health conditions
Hippocrates
* first person known to have examined the relationships
between the occurence of disease and environmental
influences
* coined the terms endemic (for diseases usuAlly found in
some places but not in others) and epidemic (for disease that
are seen at some times but not others)

Avicenna