Chapter 10: Internal Forces and Moments

Sections Covered:

•  10.1
•  10.2
•  10.3
•  10.6

Engineering Mechanics: Statics, 5th Edition

Anthony M. Bedford and Wallace Fowler
 10.1 Axial Force, Shear Force and Bending Moment
•  Beams – Internal Forces in Members
•  Straight, two force members be in either tension or compression.
•  Now we can have members producing:
o  shear
o  bending

Designing beams for most effective support of applied loads is:

(1.) determining the shearing forces and bending moments produced by loads

(2.) select the cross-section best suited to resist shear forces and bending
moments.

We’ll focus on part (1.)

Engineering Mechanics: Statics, 5th Edition

Anthony M. Bedford and Wallace Fowler
Engineering Mechanics: Statics, 5th Edition
Anthony M. Bedford and Wallace Fowler
 Shear and Bending Moment in a Beam
•  We want to find the
shearing force and
bending moment at any
point in a beam.

•  First we must determine

the reactions at A and B
by choosing the entire
beam as a free body.

•  Then we make a cut in

the beam to determine
the internal forces:
§  Shear
§  Or Bending moment

Engineering Mechanics: Statics, 5th Edition

Anthony M. Bedford and Wallace Fowler
 Shear and Bending Moment in a Beam
Define the Positive Directions:

Engineering Mechanics: Statics, 5th Edition

Anthony M. Bedford and Wallace Fowler
 Shear and Bending Moment in a Beam
Define the Positive Directions:

Engineering Mechanics: Statics, 5th Edition

Anthony M. Bedford and Wallace Fowler
 Shear and Bending Moment in a Beam

Engineering Mechanics: Statics, 5th Edition

Anthony M. Bedford and Wallace Fowler
 Shear and Bending Moment in a Beam
Free-Body Diagrams: Multiple Cut Sections

Engineering Mechanics: Statics, 5th Edition

Anthony M. Bedford and Wallace Fowler
 Shear and Bending Moment in a Beam
Method of Analysis:

Engineering Mechanics: Statics, 5th Edition

Anthony M. Bedford and Wallace Fowler
 Shear and Bending Moment in a Beam
Example #1:

Engineering Mechanics: Statics, 5th Edition

Anthony M. Bedford and Wallace Fowler
 Shear and Bending Moment in a Beam
Determine the Reactions:

Engineering Mechanics: Statics, 5th Edition

Anthony M. Bedford and Wallace Fowler
 Shear and Bending Moment in a Beam
Make first cut:

Engineering Mechanics: Statics, 5th Edition

Anthony M. Bedford and Wallace Fowler
 Shear and Bending Moment in a Beam
Example #2:

Engineering Mechanics: Statics, 5th Edition

Anthony M. Bedford and Wallace Fowler
 Shear and Bending Moment in a Beam
Determine the Reactions:

Engineering Mechanics: Statics, 5th Edition

Anthony M. Bedford and Wallace Fowler
 Shear and Bending Moment in a Beam
Make first cut:

Engineering Mechanics: Statics, 5th Edition

Anthony M. Bedford and Wallace Fowler
 10.2 Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams

Background
•  To design a beam, an engineer
must know the internal forces and
moments throughout its length.

•  Special points:
§  Location of maximum and
minimum values of the shear
force
§  Location of maximum and
minimum values of bending
moment
§  Their location

Engineering Mechanics: Statics, 5th Edition

Anthony M. Bedford and Wallace Fowler
 10.2 Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams

Diagrams
•  The shear force and bending
moment diagrams are simply the
graphs of V and M, as functions of
x.

•  They permit you to see the changes

in the shear force and bending
moment that occur along the
beam’s length.

•  Maximum and minimum values.

Engineering Mechanics: Statics, 5th Edition

Anthony M. Bedford and Wallace Fowler
10.3 Relations Between Distributed Load, Shear Force,
and Bending Moment
Background
•  The shear force and bending
moment in a beam subjected to a
distributed load are governed by
simple differential equations.

•  In this section, we’ll derive these

equations and show that they
provide an interesting and
enlightening way to obtain shear
force and bending moment
diagrams.
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Anthony M. Bedford and Wallace Fowler
Relations Between Distributed Load, Shear Force, and Bending Moment

Engineering Mechanics: Statics, 5th Edition

Anthony M. Bedford and Wallace Fowler
Beam is subjected to a force F.

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Beam is subjected to a counterclockwise
couple.

Engineering Mechanics: Statics, 5th Edition

Anthony M. Bedford and Wallace Fowler
Now, we have the tools to construct the Shear and Bending
Moment diagram

Engineering Mechanics: Statics, 5th Edition

Anthony M. Bedford and Wallace Fowler
Construction of the Shear and Bending Moment Diagram

Engineering Mechanics: Statics, 5th Edition

Anthony M. Bedford and Wallace Fowler
Important Points on the Bending Moment
Diagram
1.  For beams with no externally applied moment, the total
moment at any section is equal to the area under the
shear diagram.

2.  When the shear diagram passes through zero and is a

continuous function of x with dV/dx≠0, then the bending
moment will be a maximum or minimum.

3.  Critical values of the bending moment occur when the

shear diagram crosses the zero axis discontinuously,
which occurs for beams under concentrated loads.

Engineering Mechanics: Statics, 5th Edition

Anthony M. Bedford and Wallace Fowler
Example:

Engineering Mechanics: Statics, 5th Edition

Anthony M. Bedford and Wallace Fowler
Example:

Engineering Mechanics: Statics, 5th Edition

Anthony M. Bedford and Wallace Fowler