‫ﻤ‪‬ـﻘﺩﻤـﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬

‫‪Preface‬‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻴﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻟﻴﺱ ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺒﺤـﺎﺙ‪،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺱ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻓﻪ ﺍﻜﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺸﻲﺀ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺃﻭ ﻨﻘﺩ ﺍﻜﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻗﺩﻴﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻨﻪ ﺒﺒﺴﺎﻁﺔ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟـﺔ ﻟﻨﻘـل ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺵ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﺵ ﻭﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺴﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺃﺸﻜﺎل‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﹼﻤﺘﻨﺎ ﻜﻴﻑ ﻨﺼﻤﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﹼﻬﺎ ﻟﻡ ﺘﻁﻠﻌﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻁﺘﻨـﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺸﺩ‪‬ﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺩﺍﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﹼﻬـﺎ ﻟـﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻭﻀ‪‬ﺢ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﻭﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﺴﺘﻼﻤﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪،‬ﻭﺃﺴﻬﺒﺕ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺭﺡ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺘـﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺴـﺎﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﹼﺤﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﹼﻬﺎ ﻟﻡ ﺘﻁﻠﻌﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻨﻘل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻌﻬـﺎ ﺃﺜﻨـﺎﺀ ﻭﺒﻌـﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺼﺒ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ...‬ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺴﻠﺴﺔ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺴﻭﻑ ﺃﻗﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻁﻠﺒﺔ ﻜﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﻁﻠﺒﺔ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺨﺎﺹ ﻷﻥ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺤﻠـﺔ ﺇﻋـﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ) ‪،(Working Drawing‬ﻭﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺘﻨﻔﻴـﺫ ﺍﻟﻤـﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌـﺔ ﻫـﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨـﺴﻴﻕ‬
‫)‪ (Coordination‬ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﺘﺸﻴﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ‪ ،‬ﻟﺫﺍ ﻓـﺎﻥ ﺫﻟـﻙ ﻴﺘﻁﻠـﺏ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻭﺍﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﻀـﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﺍﻹﻟﻤـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺒـﺎﻟﻨﻭﺍﺤﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﻤﺜـل ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗـﻊ )‪ (Site Management‬ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘـﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ) ‪Design‬‬
‫‪ (Management‬ﻭﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺅﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ...‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﺤﺭﺼﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒـﺎﻟﻠﻐﺘﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺌﺩﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺘﻬﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻼﺤﻘﺔ ﺃﺤـﺩﺍﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ‪.‬‬

‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎﹰ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺘﻴﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺘﺘـﻀﻤﻥ ﺃﻋﻤـﺎل‬
‫ﺘﺠﻬﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻼﻤﻪ ‪،‬ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜل ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﻲ )ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺸﻤل ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺄﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻁﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻤﺜل ﺃﻋﻤﺎل )ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ‪،‬ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻜﺔ‬
‫‪،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻁ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻜﻭﺭ ﺒﺄﻨﻭﺍﻋﻪ ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺩﻫﺎﻥ ﺒﺄﻨﻭﺍﻋﻪ ‪. ( ......‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﺔ ﻴﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺸﻤﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭ‪‬ﻑ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺍﺤﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻘﺩ ﺤﺎﻭﻟﺕ ﺠﺎﻫﺩﺍﹰ ﺇﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻭل ﺤـﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴـﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﺴﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ‪.‬‬
 -: ‫ وﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ﻟﻌﺮض ﻓﺼﻮل اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬...

‫ﺗﻘﻨﯿﺎت ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﯾﻊ‬

‫أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﻔﺮﯾﺎت واﻟﮭﯿﻜﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫إﻋﺪاد اﻟﻤﺸﺮوﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬

Preparing the Architectural Projects Chapter One

‫رﺳﻢ وﻗﺮءاة اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

Architectural Drawings Chapter Two

‫أﻧﻈﻤــــﺔ اﻹﻧﺸـــﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬

Structures Systems Chapter Three

‫اﻟﺘﺸﯿﯿﺪ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬

Concrete Construction Chapter Four

‫اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻞ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‬

An Approach to Architectural Projects Implementation Chapter Five

‫ﺗﻘﻨﯿﺎت ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﯾﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺴﺎدس‬

Techniques for Implementing Architectural Projects Chapter six

‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺘﺎﻡ ﺃﺴﺄل ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻨﻔﻊ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺩ ﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺨﺎﻟﺼﺎﹰ ﻟﻭﺠﻬﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﻐﻔﺭ ﻟﻲ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
. ‫ ﻭ ﻋﺯﺍﺌﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎل ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺇﻻ ﷲ‬، ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻘﺹ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻘﺼﻴﺭ‬

،،،،،،‫واﷲ وﻟﻲ اﻟﺘﻮﻓﯿﻖ‬

  
  
2007
 ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﯾﺎت اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻷﻭل‬
‫‪Chapter One‬‬
‫‪ :1‬ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫‪Preparing the Architectural Projects‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻬـﺩ‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪ 1:1‬ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺌﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ‪-:‬‬
‫‪The Elements Responsible for Implementing the Architectural‬‬
‫‪Projects‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪The Owner‬‬ ‫* ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‪ /‬ﻤﺎﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫• ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻤﺎﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫• ﻤﺴﺌﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺘﻪ‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪Consulting Engineering Firm‬‬ ‫* ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫• ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫• ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫• ﻤﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪Contractor‬‬ ‫* ﺜﺎﻟﺜﺎﹰ‪ /‬ﻤﻘﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫• ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻤﻘﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜل ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻱ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺫﺓ )ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭل(‬
‫‪19‬‬ ‫• ﺩﻭﺭ ﻤﻘﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬
‫‪21‬‬ ‫* ﺭﺍﺒﻌﺎﹰ‪ /‬ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﺸﺭﺍﻑ " ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ " ‪Supervision Staff‬‬
‫‪21‬‬ ‫• ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﺸﺭﺍﻑ‬
‫‪21‬‬ ‫• ﻤﻌﺎﻭﻨﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬
‫‪21‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ‬
‫‪22‬‬ ‫• ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬
‫‪22‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬
‫‪23‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺭﺍﻋﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻤﻬﻤﺘﻪ‬
‫‪25‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺤﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺨﻭﻟﹼﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬
‫ﻭﻜﻴﻑ ﻴﻤﺎﺭﺴﻬﺎ‬
‫‪27‬‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺍﺤل " ﺘﺴﻠﺴل" ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪2:1‬‬
‫‪Steps of Architectural Projects Preparation‬‬
‫‪28‬‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﺘﺠﻬﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‪:‬‬
‫‪29‬‬ ‫ﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﻭﻤﻨﺎﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺭ‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
 ‫‪29‬‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ " ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﺨﻨﺯﻴﺭﺓ "‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪29‬‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻭﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪29‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺴﺔ ‪ :‬ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ " ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜل ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﻲ"‬
‫‪30‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺴﺔ ‪ :‬ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻁﻴﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫‪30‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ ‪ :‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻭﺘﺠﻤﻴﻠﻪ‬
‫‪31‬‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻟﻼﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻤﻨﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬
‫‪Chapter Two‬‬
‫ﺭﺴﻡ ﻭﻗﺭﺀﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪:2‬‬
‫‪Architectural Drawings‬‬
‫‪33‬‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻬﻴــــــﺩ‬
‫‪35‬‬ ‫ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ " ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭﻤﺎﺕ" ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪1:2‬‬
‫‪Technical Drawings for Implementation‬‬
‫‪36‬‬ ‫• ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‪ /‬ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ "ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ" ﻟﺭﺴﻡ ﻟﻭﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻱ‬
‫‪38‬‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ /‬ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻟﻭﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪41‬‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻟﺜﺎﹰ‪ /‬ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻟﻭﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻘﻁ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪49‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺒﻌﺎﹰ‪ /‬ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻟﻭﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻱ ﻟﻠﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺭﺃﺴﻲ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪54‬‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻤﺴﺎﹰ‪ /‬ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻱ ﻟﻠﻭﺍﺠﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪59‬‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺩﺴﺎﹰ‪ /‬ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﺍﻭل ﻭﺃﺸﻜﺎل ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻭﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻱ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪68‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ )ﻓﻴﻼﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ(‬ ‫‪ 2:2‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻲ ‪-‬‬
‫‪(Case Study) Technical Drawings for Architectural Project‬‬
‫)‪(Dwelling‬‬
‫‪68‬‬ ‫• ﻭﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‬
‫‪68‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪69‬‬ ‫ﺠﺩﻭل ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺎﺕ ) ﺍﻷﺒﻭﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺒﻴﻙ(‬ ‫•‬
‫‪70‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬
‫‪Chapter Three‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﻤــــﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺸـــﺎﺀ‬ ‫‪:3‬‬
‫‪Structures Systems‬‬
‫‪79‬‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻬﻴــــــﺩ‬
‫‪81‬‬ ‫‪Wall Bearing Systems‬‬ ‫ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﻭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪1:3‬‬
‫‪87‬‬ ‫‪Skeleton Systems‬‬ ‫ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪2:3‬‬
‫‪88‬‬ ‫‪Beam And Column Syst‬‬ ‫‪ 1:2:3‬ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ " ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻭﺩ "‬
‫‪95‬‬ ‫‪Concrete Slab‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‪ /‬ﺍﻷﺴﻘﻑ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ " ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻁﺎﺕ "‬
 ‫‪102‬‬ ‫‪Beam‬‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎﹰ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻜﻤــــﺭﺓ‬
‫‪105‬‬ ‫‪Column‬‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻟﺜﺎﹰ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤـــﻭﺩ‬
‫‪107‬‬ ‫‪Foundations‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺒﻌﺎﹰ‪ /‬ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫‪107‬‬ ‫‪Walls‬‬ ‫ﺨﺎﻤﺴﺎﹰ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺌﻁ‬
‫‪108‬‬ ‫‪Frame System‬‬ ‫‪ 2:2:3‬ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ " ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻤل"‬
‫‪113‬‬ ‫‪Trusses‬‬ ‫ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ " ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻭﻥ "‬
‫‪116‬‬ ‫‪Shell-Light Structure‬‬ ‫‪ 3:2:3‬ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﺭﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻏﻴﺔ(‬
‫‪124‬‬ ‫‪Pre-Cast Concrete Systems‬‬ ‫‪ 4:2:3‬ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺴﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺏ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ‬
‫‪Chapter Four‬‬
‫‪ :4‬ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﻲ‬
‫‪Concrete Construction‬‬
‫‪136‬‬ ‫‪Concrete Characteristics‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﻭﺨﺼﺎﺌﺼﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪1:4‬‬
‫‪136‬‬ ‫‪Concrete Definition‬‬ ‫‪ 1:1:4‬ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ‬
‫‪136‬‬ ‫‪Concrete Components‬‬ ‫‪ 2:1:4‬ﻤﻜﻭ‪‬ﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ‬
‫‪143‬‬ ‫‪Types of Concrete‬‬ ‫‪ 3:1:4‬ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ‬
‫‪145‬‬ ‫‪Phases of Concrete Preparation‬‬ ‫‪ 4:1:4‬ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ‬
‫‪152‬‬ ‫‪Concrete Treatments after Pouring‬‬ ‫‪ 5:1:4‬ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺏ‬
‫‪160‬‬ ‫‪Concrete Joints‬‬ ‫‪ 2:4‬ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻤﺱ‬
‫‪Chapter Five‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪:5‬‬
‫‪An Approach to Architectural Projects Implementation‬‬

‫‪177‬‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻕ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪1:5‬‬

‫‪Methods of Architectural Projects Implementation‬‬
‫‪189‬‬ ‫‪Utilities and Tools‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫‪2:5‬‬
‫‪199‬‬ ‫‪Safety Measurements‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫‪3:5‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬
‫‪Chapter six‬‬
‫‪ :6‬ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫‪Techniques for Implementing Architectural Projects‬‬

‫‪215‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺒﺩﺀ ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ‬ ‫‪1:6‬‬

‫‪Initial Preparations to Implement Architectural Projects‬‬
‫‪222‬‬ ‫‪Cut and Fill Works‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺩﻡ‬ ‫‪2:6‬‬
‫‪228‬‬ ‫‪Survey and Axis Work‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﻴﺱ )ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺨﻨﺯﻴﺭﺓ(‬ ‫‪3:6‬‬
‫‪241‬‬ ‫‪Foundations‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﺎﺕ )ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺔ(‬ ‫‪4:6‬‬
‫‪278‬‬ ‫‪Ground Beams‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻷﺤﺯﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺩﺍﺕ(‬ ‫‪5:6‬‬
‫‪301‬‬ ‫‪Concrete Columns & Nicks‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﺎﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪6:6‬‬
‫‪326‬‬ ‫‪Stairs‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻷﺩﺭﺍﺝ" ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻟﻡ"‬ ‫‪7:6‬‬
‫‪338‬‬ ‫‪Slabs, Beams, and Cantilevers‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻷﺴﻘﻑ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫‪8:6‬‬

‫‪359‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤـــــــــــﻕ‬

‫‪374‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠـــــــــﻊ‬