Answers to Further Questions

in GCSE Physics for You (5th Edition)

On the following pages we show the detailed Answers and Mark Schemes
for the Further Questions on Electricity (2).
The answers have been prepared by an Examiner using the mark schemes
published by each Examination Board. They are laid out in the same way
as the pages of Further Questions in the Students’ Book.

For the Student:

● It is very important that you are able to answer the questions on your
own, using your own knowledge of Physics.
So it is important that you have a go at the questions first, and then
afterwards you can check your answers using these pages.
If you get a question wrong, try to work out where you have made an
error. Discuss it with your teacher if you are not sure.
● Be aware that in some answers the mark is for the idea in your own
words (not necessarily the exact words shown), whereas in other
answers the number and unit must be exactly correct.

For the Teacher:

● You will find these sheets useful when marking the students’
homework, or when going over the Further Questions in class.
The Answer Sheet will also enable you to assess how much work
is involved in answering the questions when planning how much
homework to set.
● The PDFs are available for you to hand out to the students if you
wish (perhaps as part of a Revision Programme).
As with all mark schemes there may be alternative credit-worthy
statements for qualitative answers (for the idea) and this may need
to be explained to your students. Quantitative answers, however,
are generally more prescriptive and your students may need to be
encouraged to show the exact numerical value and the appropriate
unit.

Keith Johnson
Sue Holt

Answers to Further Questions for GCSE Physics for You (5th edition) © Keith Johnson & Sue Holt, 2016 page 1 of 5
page 334 Further questions on electricity (2)

► Magnetic effect, motors 5 1 mark for each of the following steps:

1 (a) 1 mark for reversing the current. recall of equation
1 mark for reversing the magnetic field. efficiency = power output ÷ power input
(b) 1 mark for each of two of the following ideas: arithmetic correct
increasing the current; 0.875 or 87.5% [(80 − 10) ÷ 80]
increasing the strength of the magnetic field; Total 2 marks
increasing the number of turns on the coil;
decreasing the gap between the magnets. 6 (a) 1 mark for each of the following steps:
Total 4 marks substitute values work done = 200 N × 0.4 m
arithmetic correct 80 J
2 (a) 1 mark for down. (b) 1 mark for each of the following steps:
(b) 1 mark for each of the following steps: substitute values power output = 80 J ÷ 5 s
substitute values into force = flux density × arithmetic correct 16 W
current × length of wire (c) 1 mark for each of the following steps:
unit conversion correct F (N) = 5 × 10−3 (T) substitute values power input = 10 V × 4 A
× 5 (A) × 0.12 (m) arithmetic correct 40 W
arithmetic correct 0.003 N (d) 1 mark for each of the following steps:
(c) 1 mark each for any two of the following ideas: recall of equation efficiency = (output power ×
increase the current; 100) ÷ input power
increase the magnetic flux density; substitute values (16 W × 100) ÷ 40 W
increase the length of wire in the magnetic field. arithmetic correct 40%
(d) 1 mark for reverse the current or switch the (e) 1 mark for each of two of the following ideas:
positions of the two magnets. friction in the bearings;
(e) 1 mark for each of the following ideas: friction at the commutator;
the wire will move up and down; the heating effect of the current in the coil.
because the direction of the current keeps Total 12 marks
changing.
Total 9 marks 7 1 mark for each of the following ideas:
equal and opposite forces on the sides of the coil
3 (a) 1 mark for each of the following steps: produce a turning moment;
select equation force = flux density × current for the coil to rotate against the hairspring;
× length of wire until the moments are balanced.
recognise that coil has 60 turns so length of Total 3 marks
wire in magnetic field is 60 × length AB
substitute values 6 × 10−2 (N) = 20 × 10−3 8 1 mark each for the following ideas:
(T) × 1.0 (A) × 60 × AB (m) the permanent magnet causes a magnetic field;
arithmetic correct 0.05 m the current in the coil causes a magnetic field or
(b) 1 mark for each of the following steps: the coil produces a magnetic field;
recall equation power = current2 × resistance the two fields together produce a force or there
substitute values 1 (W) = I2 (A2) × 4 (Ω) is a motor effect.
arithmetic correct 0.5 A Total 3 marks
Total 8 marks

4 1 mark each for the following ideas:

when the circuit is completed, the current in the
coil causes a magnetic field;
this repels the permanent magnet and it hits the
chime bar.
Total 2 marks

Answers to Further Questions for GCSE Physics for You (5th edition) © Keith Johnson & Sue Holt, 2016 page 2 of 5
 page 335 Further questions electricity (2)

► Electromagnetic induction construction of a transformer and there is a

correct description of how transformers affect
9 (a) 1 mark for rotate it.
the input p.d.
(b) 1 mark for the idea that the coil cuts across the
Physics points:
lines of force in the magnetic field.
details of construction:
(c) 1 mark for each of four of the following ideas:
• a (laminated) core
increase the strength of the magnet;
• core is made from a magnetic material / iron
increase the number of turns on the coil;
• 2 coils
increase the speed at which the coil is rotated;
• the coils are made from an electrical
use a soft-iron core;
conductor / copper
increase the area of the coil.
• the coils are covered in plastic / insulation
Total 6 marks
• the coils are (usually) on opposite sides
• step-up transformer has more turns on
10 (a) 1 mark each for:
secondary coil than (its) primary (or
1 – coil; 2 – resistor (load) or oscilloscope;
vice versa)
3 – brush contact; 4 – slip ring; 5 – magnet.
• step-down transformer has fewer turns on
(b) (i) 1 mark for each of the following labelled
secondary coil than (its) primary (or vice
features shown on the diagram:
versa)
y-axis running from −ve through 0 to +ve;
effect on input p.d.:
sine curve drawn;
• step-up transformer, the output p.d. is
−ve portion of curve symmetrical with +ve
greater (than the input p.d.)
portion.
• step-down transformer, the output p.d. is
(ii) 1 mark for each of two of the following ideas:
lower (than the input p.d.).
increase the strength of the magnet;
Total 6 marks
increase the number of turns on the coil;
increase the speed at which the coil is rotated;
13 (a) 1 mark for each of the following ideas:
use a soft-iron core;
currents are induced only;
increase the area of the coil.
when magnetic fields are moving.
(c) (i) 1 mark for brushes (which wear out) are not
(b) 1 mark for each of the following ideas:
needed.
to step up voltages for long distance
(ii) 1 mark for the idea that the lights are on only
transmission so that less energy is transferred to
when the bicycle is moving.
the environment as thermal energy;
Total 12 marks
to step down voltages to a safe level for users.
Total 4 marks
11 (a) 1 mark for each of the following (shown on a
diagram):
14 (a) 1 mark for each of the following ideas:
a wave shape on a voltage–time graph;
the current flows in only one direction in d.c.;
with both positive and negative values for
the current changes direction constantly in a.c.
voltage.
(b) 1 mark for the idea that it reduces energy losses.
(b) 1 mark for each of three of the following ideas:
(c) 1 mark for each of the following ideas:
increasing the speed of the generator;
by using a transformer;
increasing the strength of the magnetic field;
step down or more turns on primary coil than on
increasing the number of turns on the coil;
secondary coil.
decreasing the gap between the magnets;
(d) 1 mark for the idea of safety.
increasing the area of the coil.
Total 6 marks
Total 5 marks
15 (a) (i) 1 mark for S drawn in the live wire.
12 1–2 marks: There is an attempt at a description
(ii) 1 mark for F drawn in the live wire.
of the construction of a transformer or a
(iii) 1 mark for the earth wire connected to the core
correct statement of the effect of one type of
of the transformer.
transformer on the input p.d.
(b) 1 mark for each of the following steps:
3–4 marks: There is a description of the
A. Substitute values output voltage = 230 V ×
construction of a transformer and a correct
(2500 ÷ 5000)
statement of the effect of one type of
arithmetic correct 115 V
transformer on the input p.d.
B. Substitute values output voltage = 230 V ×
5–6 marks: There is a clear description of the
(5000 ÷ 5000)
arithmetic correct 230 V
Total 7 marks

Answers to Further Questions for GCSE Physics for You (5th edition) © Keith Johnson & Sue Holt, 2016 page 3 of 5
page 336 Further questions on electricity (2)
► Electromagnetic induction (continued)
16 (a) 1 mark each for the following steps:
substitute values number of turns = 4000 ×
(11 ÷ 220)
arithmetic correct 200
(b) 1 mark for the idea that the higher output
voltage from the transformer produces a lower
current from Is = IpVp ÷ Vs or the current at the
higher output voltage is less by a factor of 20.
1 mark for the idea that at higher voltage or
lower current there is less energy (or power)
loss in cables because loss depends on I2 or
power loss is less by a factor of 400/202.
1 mark for the idea that therefore a low current
decreases losses, which increases efficiency.
Total 5 marks
17 (a) 1 mark for the idea that the cables are attached
to insulators.
(b) 1 mark for each of four of the following ideas:
advantages: eg. underground cables are less of
an eyesore;
disadvantages: eg. underground cables need
costly insulation;
overhead cables need to be made of materials
with high tensile strength, which may not
conduct electricity as efficiently;
underground cables are more difficult to repair;
overhead cables can be damaged by storms.
(c) (i) 1 mark for each of the following steps:
recall of equation current = power ÷ voltage
substitute values current = 200 MW ÷ 400 kV
arithmetic correct 500 A
(ii) 1 mark for each of the following steps:
recall of equation voltage = current × resistance
substitute values voltage = 500 A × 10 Ω
arithmetic correct 5000 V
(iii) 1 mark for each of the following steps:
recall of equation power = voltage × current
substitute values power loss = 5000 V × 500 A
arithmetic correct 2 500 000 W
(iv) it is lost as heat.
(d) 1 mark for each of the following ideas:
for high efficiency;
high voltage means low current;
low current means low heating effect;
the heating effect is proportional to the current 2.
Total 19 marks
Answers to Further Questions for GCSE Physics for You (5th edition)
18 (a) (i) 1 mark for each of the following ideas:
energy transferred from the chemical store in
the fuel to the kinetic store of the steam;
energy transferred from the kinetic store
of steam to kinetic store of the turbine and
generator and then transferred via electrical
current.
(ii) 1 mark for each of the following ideas:
it uses a renewable energy source;
it produces no pollution.
(b) (i) 1 mark for each of the following ideas:
the higher the voltage, the smaller the current;
the smaller the current the less energy is
transferred to the environment.
(ii) 1 mark for the idea that its voltage can easily be
changed by transformers.
(c) (i) 1 mark for 20 turns (40 : 1 ratio)
(ii) 1 mark for 0.1 A (4 A × 20 ÷ 800)
(d) (i) 1 mark for increase the number of turns;
1 further mark for double the number of turns.
(ii) 1 mark for no change required (20 turns).
Total 12 marks
19 (a) 1 mark for each of four of the following ideas:
the transmission voltage is raised using a
step-up transformer;
transmitting at high voltage reduces the current;
using a smaller current reduces the heat loss in
the cables;
reducing heat loss improves the efficiency;
thinner power cables can be used, saving cost.
(b) 1 mark each for the following ideas:
a 230 V is safer than 11 500 V;
a shock from a 11 500 V mains supply would be
fatal.
(c) 1 mark for transformers only work with a.c.
or do not work with d.c.
(d) 1 mark for each of the following steps:
recall of equation primary turns = secondary
turns × primary voltage ÷ secondary voltage
substitute values 2000 (turns) × 11 500 (V)
÷ 230 (V)
arithmetic correct 100 000 turns
(e) 1 mark for each of the following steps:
recall of equation current = power ÷ voltage
substitute values 690 (W) ÷ 230 (V)
arithmetic correct 3 A
unit correct 3 A or 3 amperes
(f) 1 mark for each of the following steps:
recall of equation
resistance = voltage ÷ current
substitute values 230 (V) ÷ 3 (A)
arithmetic correct 76.7 Ω
unit correct 76.7 Ω or 76.7 ohms
Total 18 marks
© Keith Johnson & Sue Holt, 2016 page 4 of 5
 page 337 Further questions electricity (2)

► Electronics 22 (a) 1 mark for each of the following:

20 (a) I mark for each of the following (shown on a a y-axis scale from 1–12 V filling at least half
diagram): the graph paper vertically;
battery, diode and solar cell connected in series; an x-axis scale from 0–100 °C filling at least
correct symbols shown for battery and diode; half the graph paper horizontally;
direction of current from positive terminal of all points correctly plotted.
battery to negative terminal, with ‘arrow’ of 1 mark for line of best fit drawn.
diode in the same direction as the current. (b) (i) 1 mark for each of the following steps:
(b) 1 mark for to stop the current flowing the wrong recall of equation resistance = voltage ÷ current
way. substitute values resistance = 6.8 V ÷ 0.02 A
(c) 1 mark each for the following ideas: arithmetic correct 340 Ω
energy from the solar cell is free; (ii) 1 mark for each of the following steps:
the charger can be used anywhere or does not substitute values resistance = 1.6 V ÷ 0.02 A
need to be connected to the mains. arithmetic correct 80 Ω
Total 6 marks Total 9 marks

21 (a) (i) 1 mark for current through the LDR. 23 (a) 1 mark each for:
1 mark for potential difference or voltage A 1, 1, 0, 0
across the LDR. B 0, 1, 0, 0
(ii) 1 mark for current will decrease. (b) 1 mark for when it is dark and hot.
(b) (i) 1 mark for each of the following ideas: (c) 1 mark for each of the following ideas:
as the light level increases by a factor of 10; output of the electronic circuit is low voltage;
the resistance reduces by a factor of 5. the lamp needs a high voltage supply (230 V) to
(ii) 1 mark for 4.5 V operate.
Total 9 marks Total 5 marks

Answers to Further Questions for GCSE Physics for You (5th edition) © Keith Johnson & Sue Holt, 2016 page 5 of 5