Materi Atro

1st Meeting
INSTRUCTION REVIEW
In the Waiting Room
 Mr. …. / Miss…. Please, come in! it’s your turn!
 Mr. …. / Miss…. Please, follow me!
In the Dressing Room
 Put on….  Slip off….
 Take off….  You can get dressed now
 Remove….
In the Exam Room
Positioning the patient:
 Sit here (sit down), please!  Lie on your back, please!
 Please, sit up!  Lie on the couch, please!
 Stand up, please!  Lie on your tummy, please!
 Stand here, please!  Lie on the right/left side, please!
 Lie down, please!
Positioning the object:
 Put your….  Lean forward (RAO/LAO)
 Straighten your….  Lean backward (RPO/LPO)
 Bend your….  Lean your….forward/backward
Other Instructions:
 I’m going to examine….  Breathe out deeply and hold your breath
 I’m going to take the X Ray of your….  Breathe normally
 Turn your….to the right/left, please!  Take a deep breath and hold
 Face the board  Roll your right/left sleeve up
 Keep still  I’m going to take the X Ray at the count
 Don’t move of 3
 Breathe in deeply  Relax
 Breathe in deeply and hold your breath  Let yourself go loose
 Breathe in slowly
After the Exam
 Well done, sir/miss
 Please, come off the couch
 You can stand up now
 I’ll see you in a couple of minutes
 Wait me for a moment
 You are free to go now
 This is the result, you can give it to your doctor tomorrow
2nd Meeting
EXAMINING SKULL (CRANIUM)
Instructions:
 Before positioning the patient, explain what you are going to do and ask the patient to
remove his/her false teeth/hair accessories and glasses that may hamper the view of clear
photograph.
(Mr. ... /Miss…. Please, come in! it’s your turn! Please, follow me! I’m going to examine/X-
Ray your skull, remove your false teeth/hair accessories/glasses, please!)
 Ask the patient to put on the apron to prevent his/her vital organ from radiation (and put on
this apron, please!)
Are you ready, sir/miss?
LATERAL PROJECTION
R or L Position
Position of patient
 Place the patient in the anterior oblique Come here, please! Take off your shoes!
position, seated upright or recumbent
 If recumbent anterior oblique position Lie on your tummy, please! (and first
is used, have the patient rest on the rest your right/left forearm here) and
forearm and flex the knee of the then bend your right/left knee, please!
elevated side.
Position of Part
 With the side of interest closest to the (First put your right/left hand under
IR, place one hand under the your lower jaw and then your other
mandibular region and the opposite hand under the upper part of your
hand on the upper parietal region of the head, please!) / (put your right/left hand
patient’s head to help guide it into a here and the other hand here)
true lateral position.
 Adjust the patient’s head so that the Turn your head to the right/left, please!
midsagittal plane is parallel to the
plane of the IR. If necessary, place a
support under the side of the mandible
to prevent it from sagging
 Adjust the flexion of the patient’s neck Bend your head down, please!
so that the IOML is perpendicular to (hold the patient’s head and hold it in
the front edge of the IR. The IOML right position)
also should be parallel to the long axis
of the IR
 Check the head position so that the Look straight there!
interpupillary line is perpendicular to Keep still, please!
the IR
 Immobilize the head. I’m going to take the X-Ray at the count
 Respiration: Suspend of 3
Keep still, please!
1, 2, 3… Well done, sir/miss
You can relax now
 You can come off the couch and put on your shoes!
 You can take off your apron and put back on your false teeth/ hair accessories/ glasses if
you like in the dressing room, there!
 I’ll see you in the couple of minutes
 Mr…./Miss…. I’ve checked the X-Ray, everything is fine, we don’t need to do anything
else. This is the result, the doctor will explain it to you (The doctor will give you the result
in a week time).
 You are free to go now.
3rd Meeting
EXAMINING NOSE (OS NASAL)
LATERAL PROJECTION
R or L Position
Instructions:
photograph.
(Mr…./Miss…. Please, come in! it’s your turn! Please, follow me! I’m going to examine/X-
Ray your nose, remove your false teeth/hair accessories/glasses, please!)
Position of patient
 With the patient in a recumbent or Come here!
upright anterior oblique position, Sit here, please! / Take off your shoes
adjust the rotation of the body so that and lie on your tummy, please!
the midsagittal plane of the head can be
placed horizontally.
Position of Part
 Adjust the head so that the midsagittal Turn your head to the right/left, please!
plane is parallel with the tabletop and Look straight there!
the interpupillary line is perpendicular
to the tabletop.
 Adjust the flexion of the patient’s neck Bend your head down a bit, please!
so that the IOML is parallel with the
transverse axis of the IR
 Support the mandible to prevent I’m going to take the X-Ray at the count
rotation. of 3
Keep still, please!
1, 2, 3… (Hold your breath)
Well done, sir/miss
(breathe normally)
 You can relax and stand up now! / you can come off the couch and put on your shoes
 I’m going to check the X-Ray first, you can take off your apron and put back on your …….
if you like in the dressing room, there!
 Mr…/Miss… (I’ve checked the X-Ray, everything is fine, we don’t need to do anything
else). This is the result, give it to your doctor tomorrow and the doctor will explain it to you.
 You are free to go now. Thank you very much
4th Meeting
EXAMINING LOWER JAW (MANDIBULA)
Instructions:
photograph.
Ray your lower jaw, remove your false teeth/ hijab pin/ hair pin/ hair accessories/glasses/
earrings/ necklace/ jewelry, please!)
Position of patient
 Place the patient in the prone position, Come here!
or seat the patient before a vertical grid Sit here, please! / Take off your shoes
device. and lie on your tummy, please!
Position of Part
 With the midsagittal plane of the Put your chin (and nose) on the cassette,
patient’s head centered to the midline please!
of the IR, rest the head on the nose and
chin so that the anterior surface of the
mandibular symphysis is parallel with
the plane of the IR. This position places
the achanthiomeatal line (AML) nearly
perpendicular to the IR plane.
 Adjust the patient’s head so that the Elevate your chin a bit, please!
midsagittal plane is perpendicular to I’m going to take the X-Ray at the count
the plane of the IR of 3
 Respiration: Suspend Keep still, please!
1, 2, 3… (Hold your breath)
Well done, sir/miss
(breathe normally)
5th Meeting
EXAMINING FACE (TMJ)
Instructions:
photograph.
Ray your face, remove your false teeth/ hijab pin/ hair pin/ hair accessories/glasses/
earrings/ necklace/ jewelry, around your……, please!)
Position of patient
 Put a mark on each check at a point ½
inch (1.3 cm) anterior to the EAM and
1 inch (2.5 cm) inferior the EAM to
localize the TMJ if needed.
 Place the patient in a semi-prone Come here!
position or seat the patient before a Sit here, please!/ Take off your shoes
vertical grid device. and lie on your tummy, please!
Position of Part
 Center a point ½ inch (1.3 cm) anterior Turn your head to the right/left, please!
to the EAM to the IR, and place the
patient’s head in the lateral position
with the affected side closest to the IR.
 Adjust the patient’s head so that the Elevate your chin a bit, please!
midsagittal plane is parallel with the Look straight there!
plane of the IR and the interpupillary
line is perpendicular to the IR plane.
 Immobilize the head I’m going to take the X-Ray at the count
 Respiration: Suspend of 3
Keep still, please!
Close your mouth (and hold your
breath), please!
1, 2, 3… Well done, sir/miss
(breathe normally)
 After making the exposure with the Don’t move, please!
patient’s mouth closed, change the IR; I’m going to take the X-Ray again at the
then, unless contraindicated, have the count of 3.
patient open the mouth widely Now, open your mouth widely
 Recheck the patient’s position, and 1, 2, 3… say aaaaaa… Well done,

make the second exposure sir/miss.
6th Meeting
EXAMINING NECK BONE (CERVICAL VERTEBRAE)
Instructions:
 Before positioning the patient, explain what you are going to do and ask the patient to take
off his/her top things. (shirt/ T-shirt/ dress) that may hamper the view of clear photograph
and ask the patient to put on a shield gonads/ a gown to prevent his/her vital organ from
radiation
Miss…./Mr….. Please, come in! It’s your turn/ Please, follow me! I’m going to examine/ X-
Ray your neck bone so please:
Male: Take off/slip off your top things (and necklace) and put on this hospital gown!
Female: take off your top things (shirt/ T-shirt/ blouse/ dress/ bra), (and necklace) and put
on this hospital gown!
AP AXIAL OBLIQUE PROJECTION
RPO or LPO Position
Position of patient
 Place the patient in a supine or upright Come here, please!
position facing the X-Ray tube. The Stand up here, please! / Sit here, please!
upright position (standing or seated) is Face the board, please!
preferable for the patient’s comfort and
makes it easier to position the patient
Upright Posterior Oblique Position

 Ask the patient to sit or stand straight Lean your right/left shoulder on the
without strain and to rest the adjacent board, please!
shoulder firmly against the vertical
grid device for support.
 Ensure that the degree of body rotation
is 45 degrees
 While the patient looks straight ahead, Look straight there and elevate your
elevate and, if needed, protrude the chin a bit, please!
chin so that the mandible does not
overlap the spine. Turning the chin to
the side causes slight rotation of the
superior vertebrae and should be
avoided
Position of Part
 Adjust the body (including the head) at I’m going to take X-Ray at the count of
a 45-degree angle, and center the 3
cervical spine to the midline of the IR Keep still, please!
 Shield gonads
 Respiration: Suspend 1, 2, 3…. (Hold your breath, please!)
Well done, sir/miss… (breathe
normally)
PA AXIAL OBLIQUE PROJECTION
RAO or LAO Position
Position of patient
 Place the patient prone or upright with Don’t move, please!
the back toward the X-Ray tube. For I’m going to take the X-Ray again at the
the patient’s comfort and accurate count of 3
adjustment of the part, the standing or
seated-upright position is preferred
Position of Part
 Upright anterior oblique position: Ask Turn your body to the right/left, please!
the patient to sit or stand straight with or
the arms by the side and rest the Roll your body, please!
shoulder against the grid device. Rotate Lean your right/left shoulder, please!
the patient’s entire body to a 45-degree
angle. Center the cervical spine to the
midline of the grid device
 To allow for the caudal angulation of
the central ray, center the IR at the level
of C5 (1 inch/ 2.5 cm) caudal to the
most prominent point of the thyroid
cartilage.
 Adjust the position of the patient’s
head so that the midsagittal plane is
aligned with the plane of the spine
 Elevate and protrude the patient’s chin Look straight there and elevate your
just enough to prevent superimposition chin a bit, please!
of the mandible with the upper cervical I’m going to take the X-Ray at the count
vertebrae. Turning the chin to the side of 3
causes rotation of the superior Keep still, please!
vertebrae and should be avoided. (The 1, 2, 3…(Hold your breath, please!)
chin has to be turned slightly for the Well done, miss/sir! (Breathe normally)
recumbent anterior oblique position)
 Shield gonads
 Respiration: Suspend
 You can relax (and stand up now) / you can come off the couch and put on your shoes
 I’m going to check the X-Ray first, you can take off your apron and put back on your …. if
you like in the dressing room, there!
else. This is the result, the doctor will explain it to you (The doctor will give you the result
in a week time).
 You are free to go now. Thank you very much.
7th Meeting
EXAMINING BACK (THORACIC VERTEBRAE)
Instructions:
off his/her top things (shirt/t-shirt/dress/bra) that may hamper the view of clear photograph.
(Mr. /Miss…. Please, come in! it’s your turn! Please, follow me! I’m going to examine/X-
Ray your back,
Male : so please take off/slip off your top things (and necklace) ……, please!
Female : so please take off/slip off your top things (shirt/ t-shirt/ blouse/ dress/ necklace)
and bra!
 Ask the patient to put on a shield gonads/ a gown to prevent his/her vital organ from
radiation
And put on this hospital gown, please!
AP PROJECTION
Position of patient
 Place the patient in the supine or Come here!
upright position. Take off your shoes and lie flat on the
couch/ x-ray bed, please!
 Place the patient’s arm along the sides Put your hands beside your body,
of the body, and adjust the shoulders to please!
lie in the same horizontal plane.
 If the patient is supine, let the head rest
directly on the table or on a thin pillow
to avoid accentuating the thoracic
kyphosis.
 If the upright position is used, ask the
patient to sit or stand up as straight as
possible.
Position of Part
 Center the midsagittal plane of the
body to the midline of the grid.
 For the supine position, to reduce Bend your knees, please!
kyphosis, flex the patient’s hips and
knees to place the thighs in vertical
position. Immobilize the feet with
sand-bags
 If the patient’s limbs cannot be flexed,
support the knees to relieve strain.
 For the upright position, have the
patient stand so that the patient’s
weight is equally distributed on the feet
to prevent rotation of the vertebral
column.
 If the patient’s lower limbs are of
unequal length, place a support of the
correct height under the foot of the
shorter side.
 Place the superior edge of the IR 1½ to I’m going to take the X- Ray at the
2 inches (3.8 to 5 cm) above the count of 3
shoulders on an average patient. This
positions the IR so that T7 appears near
the center of the image and all thoracic
vertebrae are shown
 Shield gonads.
 Respiration: The patient may be Keep still, please!
allowed to take shallow breaths during 1, 2, 3… hold your breath, please!
the exposure, or respiration is Well done, sir/miss!
suspended at the end of full expiration. Breathe normally
LATERAL PROJECTION Don’t move, please!

R or L Position I’m going to take X Ray again.
Position of patient
 Place the patient in the lateral Lie on the left side, please!
recumbent position. (Note:
Oppenheimer also suggest the use of
the upright position)
 If possible, use the left lateral position
to place the heart closer to the IR,
which minimizes overlapping of the
vertebrae by the heart.
 Have the patient dressed in an open-
backed gown so that the vertebral
column can be exposed for adjustment
of the position.
Position of part
 Place the firm pillow under the
patient’s head to keep the long axis of
the vertebral column horizontal.
 Flex the patient’s hips and knees to a Bend your knees, please!
comfortable position.
 Place the superior edge of the IR 1½ to
2 inches (3,8 to 5 cm) above the relaxed
shoulders. Center the posterior half of
the thorax to the midline of the grid and
at the level of T7. T7 is at the inferior
angle of the scapulae.
 With the patient’s knees exactly
superimposed to prevent rotation of the
pelvis, a small sandbag may be placed
between the knees.
 Adjust the patient’s arms at right Put your hands in front of you!
angles to the long axis of the body to
elevate the ribs enough to clear the
invertebral foramina
 If the long axis of the vertebral column
is not horizontal, elevate the lower or
upper thoracic region with a
radiolucent support. This is the
preferred method.
 Shield gonads.
 Respiration: The exposure can be I’m going to take X Ray at the count of
made with the patient breathing 3
normally to obliterate or diffuse the
vascular markings and ribs or at the
end of the expiration,
 When the breathing technique is used, Keep still, please!
the patient should be instructed not to 1, 2, 3… breathe in slowly, please!
move. An increased exposure time, Well done, miss/sir!
preferably 2 to 3 seconds (with a Breathe normally
corresponding decrease in mA), can
often improve visualization of the
thoracic vertebrae by blurring the
vasculature of the lungs.
 You can come off the couch and put on your shoes
 I’m going to check the X-Ray first, you can take off your hospital gown and get dressed
now (put back on your …. if you like in the dressing room, there!)
else. The doctor will give you the result in a week time.
9th Meeting
EXAMINING LUNGS AND HEART (THORAX)
Instructions:
Ray your chest,
and bra!
radiation
PA PROJECTION
Position of patient
 If possible, always examine patients in Come here!
the upright position, either standing or Stand up here and face the board,
seated, so that the diaphragm is at its please!
lowest position and air or fluid levels
are seen. Engorgement of the
pulmonary vessels is also avoided.
Position of Part
 Place the patient, with arms hanging at
sides, before a vertical grid device.
 Adjust the height of the IR so that its Bend your knees, please!
upper border is about 1 ½ to 2 inches
(3,8 to 5 cm) above the relaxed
shoulders
 Center the midsagittal plane of the
patient’s body to the midline of the IR.
 Have the patient stand straight, with
the weight of the body equally
distributed on the feet.
 Extend the patient’s chin upward or Elevate your chin, please!
over the top of the grid device, and (put your chin resting on the top here!)
adjust the head so that the midsagittal
plane is vertical.
 Ask the patient to flex the arms and to Put your back of hands on your hip,
rest the backs of the hands low on the please!
hips, below the level of the (put your hands like this!)
costophrenic angles. This maneuver
rotates the scapulae laterally so that
they are not superimposed over the
lungs.
 Depress the shoulders and adjust to lie Press your shoulders forward, please!
in the same transverse plane. Rotate
them forward to position them below
the lung apices.
 If a female patient’s breasts are large
enough to be superimposed over the
lower part of the lung fields, ask the
patient to pull the breasts upward and
laterally. Have the patient hold the
breasts in place by leaning against the
IR holder
 Respiration: Full inspiration. The I’m going to take X Ray at the count of
exposure is made after the second full 3
inspiration to ensure the maximum Keep still, please!
expansion of the lungs. The lungs will 1, 2, 3… Breathe in deeply! Hold!
expand transversely, anteroposteriorly, Well done, sir/miss! Breathe normally!
and vertically, with vertical being the
greatest dimension
LATERAL PROJECTION Don’t move, please!

R or L Position I’m going to take X Ray again.
Position of patient
 If possible, always examine the patient
in the upright position, either standing
or seated, so that the diaphragm is at its
lowest position and air and fluid levels
can be seen. Engorgement of the
pulmonary vessels is also avoided.
 Turn the patient to a true lateral Turn your body to the right/left, please!
position, arms by the sides
 To show the heart and left lung, use the
left lateral position with the patient’s
left side against the IR.
 Use the right lateral position to best
demonstrate the right lung.
Position of part
 Adjust the position of the patient so
that the midsagittal plane of the body is
parallel with the IR and the adjacent
shoulder is touching the grid device.
 Center the thorax to the grid; the mid-
coronal plane should be perpendicular
and centered to the midline of the grid.
 Have the patient extend the arms Fold your both arms on your head,
directly upward, flex the elbows, and please!
with the forearms resting on the (put your hands on your head like this)
elbows, hold the arms in position
 Respiration: full inspiration. The I’m going to take X Ray at the count of
exposure is made after the second full 3
inspiration to ensure the maximum Keep still, please!
expansion of the lungs. 1, 2, 3… Breathe in deeply! Hold!
Well done, sir/miss! Breathe normally!
 You can relax now
else. The doctor will give you the result in a week time.
10th Meeting
EXAMINING CHEST (THORAX)
Instructions:
Ray your chest,
and bra!
radiation
AP PROJECTION
Position of patient
 Place the patient in the supine or Come here, please!
upright position with the back against Take off your shoes and lie flat on the
the grid couch, please!
Position of Part
 Center the midsagittal plane of the IR
 Adjust the IR so that the upper border
is approximately 1 ½ to 2 inches (3,8 to
5 cm) above the relaxed shoulders
 If possible, flex the patient’s elbows, Put your hands on your hip, please!/
pronate the hands, and place the hands OR
on the hips to draw the scapulas Put your hands beside your body,
laterally. (Note, however, that this please!
maneuver is often impossible because
of the condition of the patient)
 Adjust the shoulders to lie in the same
transverse plane
 Shield gonads
 Respiration: Full inspiration. The I’m going to take the X-Ray at the count
exposure is made after the second full of 3
inspiration to ensure maximum Keep still, please!
expansion of the lungs Breathe in deeply! Hold!
1, 2, 3… Breathe normally!
 Well done, sir/miss! You can relax now.

 You can come off the couch and put on your shoes!
 I’m going to check the X Ray first, you can take off your hospital gown and get dressed now
(put back on your …… if you like in the dressing room, there!
 Mr…./Miss…. I’ve checked the X-Ray, we don’t need to do anything else. The doctor will
give you the result in a week time.
11th Meeting
EXAMINING LUNGS AND PLEURAE (THORAX)
Instructions:
Ray your chest,
and bra!
radiation
AP OR PA PROJECTION
R or L Lateral Decubitus Positions
Position of patient
 Place the patient in a lateral decubitus Come here!
position, lying on either the affected or Take off your shoes and lie on the
the unaffected side, as indicated by the right/left side, please!
existing condition. A small amount of
fluid in the pleural cavity, a pleural
effusion, is usually best shown with the
patient lying on the affected side. With
this positioning, the mediastinal
shadows and the fluid do not overlap.
A small amount of free air in the
pleural cavity, a pneumothorax, is
generally best shown with the patient
lying on the unaffected side.
 Exercise care to ensure that the patient
does not fall off the cart. If a cart is
used, lock all wheels securely in
position.
 Achieve the best visualization by Keep still for five minutes
allowing the patient to remain in the
position for 5 minutes before the
exposure. This allows fluid to settle
and air to rise.
Position of Part
 If the patient is lying on the affected
side to demonstrate presence of a
pleural effusion, elevate the body 2 to
3 inches (5 to 8 cm) on a suitable
platform or a firm pad.
 Extend the arms well above the head, Put your hands on your head, please!
and adjust the thorax in a true lateral
position.
 Place the anterior or posterior surface
of the chest against a vertical grid
device.
 Adjust the IR so that it extends
approximately 1,5 to 2 inches (3,8 to 5
cm) beyond the shoulders
 Shield gonads
 Respiration: Full inspiration. The I’m going to take X Ray at the count of 3
exposure is made after the second full Keep still, please!
inspiration to ensure the maximum Breathe in deeply! Hold! 1, 2, 3…
expansion of the lungs. Breathe normally! Well done, sir/miss!!
 You can relax now and come off the couch!
 You can put on your shoes
else. The doctor will give you the result in a week time. (Any questions?)
12th Meeting
EXAMINING ABDOMEN (AP PROJECTION)
Instructions:
Ray your abdomen,
and bra!
 Ask the patient to put on the a shield gonads/ a gown to prevent his/her vital organ from
radiation
AP PROJECTION
Supine; upright
Position of patient
 For the AP abdomen, or KUB, Come here!
projection, place the patient in either Take off your shoes and lie flat on the
the supine or the upright position. The couch, please!
supine position is preferred for most
initial examination of the abdomen
Position of Part
 Place the patient’s arms where they do Put your hands on your chest, please!
not cast shadows on the image.
 With the patient supine, place a support
under the knees to relieve strain.
 For the supine position, center the Straighten your legs!
IR/collimated field at the level of the
iliac crests, and ensure that the pubic
symphysis is included
 Proper patient alignment, as ensured
by the following:
o Centered vertebral column
o Ribs, pelvis, and hips equidistant to
the edge of the image or collimated
borders on both sides.
 Shield gonads: Use local gonad
shielding for examinations of male
patients (not shown for illustrative
purposes).
 Respiration: Suspend at the end of I’m going to take X Ray at the count of 3
expiration so that the abdominal organs Keep still, please!
are not compressed. Breathe out deeply! Hold! 1, 2, 3…
Breathe normally! Well done, sir/miss!!
 You can relax now and come off the couch!
13th Meeting
EXAMINING ABDOMEN (PA PROJECTION)
Instructions:
Ray your abdomen,
and bra!
radiation
PA PROJECTION
Position of patient
 With the patient in the upright position, Come here!
place the interior abdominal surface in Stand here and face the board, please!
contact with the vertical grid device.
Position of Part
 Center the abdominal midline to the Put your abdomen in contact with the
midline of the IR board, please!
Put your hands beside your body, please!
 Shield gonads.
expiration. Keep still, please!
Breathe out deeply! Hold! 1, 2, 3…
Breathe normally! Well done, sir/miss!!
 You can relax now.
14th Meeting
EXAMINING ABDOMEN (AP PROJECTION LATERAL DECUBITUS)
Instructions:
Ray your abdomen,
and bra!
radiation
PA PROJECTION
Position of patient
 If the patient is too ill to stand, place Come here!
him or her in a lateral recumbent Stand here and face the board, please!
position lying on a radiolucent pad on
a transportation cart. Use a left lateral
decubitus position in most situations.
 The radiolucent pad is particularly
important to ensure inclusion of the
entire dependent side when fluid
demonstration is of primary
concern.
 If possible, have the patient lie on the Keep still for five minutes, please!
side for several minutes before the
exposure to allow air to rise to its
highest level within the abdomen.
Position of Part
 Place the patient’s arms above the level Put your hands on your head, please!
of the diaphragm so that they are not
projected over any abdominal contents.
 Flex the patient’s knees slightly to Bend your knees, please!
provide stabilization. I’m going to take X Ray at the count of 3
Keep still, please!
Breathe normally! Well done, sir/miss!
 Exercise care to ensure that the patient
does not fall off the cart; if a cart is
used, lock all wheels securely in
position.
 Adjust the height of the vertical grid Don’t move, please!
device so that the long axis of the IR is I’m going to take X Ray again
centered to the midsagittal plane. Lie on the right side, please!
 If the abdomen is too wide to include Keep still for five minutes, please!
both flanks on one image, adjust
patient and IR height to include side Put your hands on your head, please!
down when intraperitoneal fluid is
suspected and to include side up when
pneumoperitoneum is suspected.
 Position the patient so that the level of Bend your knees, please!
the iliac crests is centered to the IR. A
slightly higher centering point, 2
inches (5 cm) above the iliac crests,
may be necessary to ensure that the
diaphragms are included in the image.
 Adjust the patient to ensure that a true
lateral position is attained.
 Shield gonads.
expiration. Keep still, please!
Breathe normally! Well done, sir/miss!
 You can relax now and come off the couch.

Materi Atro

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1st Meeting

EXAMINING SKULL (CRANIUM)

EXAMINING LOWER JAW (MANDIBULA)

 Recheck the patient’s position, and 1, 2, 3… say aaaaaa… Well done,

Upright Posterior Oblique Position

LATERAL PROJECTION Don’t move, please!

LATERAL PROJECTION Don’t move, please!

EXAMINING CHEST (THORAX)

 Well done, sir/miss! You can relax now.

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