100 Complex Numbers

x 6
 1 i  2k 2k 
1. If  
 1 i 
 1, then [RPET 2003; AIEEE 7. The value of   sin
k 1
7
 i cos
7 
 is

2003]
[IIT 1987; DCE 2000; Karnataka CET 2002;
(a) x = 4n, where n is any positive integer
Orissa JEE 2005]
(b) x = 2n, where n is any positive integer
(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) x = 4n + 1, where n is any positive integer
(d) x = 2n + 1, where n is any positive integer
(c) i (d) i
1      
2. If z  x  iy and
z 3  p  iq , then 8. If xn  cos n   i sin n  , then
3  3 
 x y x1 .x2 .x3 ....x is equal to
   /(p2  q2) is equal to
 p q [RPET 2002; Kurukshetra CEE 2002]
[AIEEE 2004] (a) 1 (b) – 1
(a) – 2 (b) – 1 (c) i (d) – i
(c) 2 (d) 1 9. Common roots of the equations
3. If  and  are different complex numbers with z3  2z2  2z  1  0 and z1985  z100  1  0 are
 
|  | 1 , then is equal to (a)  ,  2 (b)  ,  3
1  
[IIT Screening 1992; Pb. CET 2000]
(c)  2,  3 (d) None of these
(a) 0 (b) 1/2 10. If the cube roots of unity are 1,  ,  2 then the
(c) 1 (d) 2 roots of the equation (x  2)3  27  0 are
4. The complex numbers z1 , z2 and z3 satisfying [Kurukshetra CEE 1998; Pb. CET 2003]
z1  z3 (a) 1,1,1 (b)  1, , 2
 1  i 3 are the vertices of a triangle
z2  z3 2 (c)  1,2  3 ,2  3 2 (d)
which is  1, 2  3 ,2  3 2
[IIT Screening 2001; DCE 2005]
1  ix
(a) Of area = 0 (b) Right angled 11. Let  a  ib and a2  b2  1 , where a
isosceles 1  ix
(c) Equilateral (d) Obtuse angled and b are real, then x
isosceles
2a 2b
5. Let z1 and z2 be two roots of the equation (a) (b)
(1  a)2  b2 (1  a)2  b2
z2  az  b = 0, z being complex. Further, assume
2a 2b
that origin, z1 and z2 form an equilateral (c) (d)
triangle. Then [AIEEE 2003]
(1  b)2  a2 (1  b)2  a2
(a) a2  b (b) a2  2b 12. If | z  4 |  3, then the greatest and the least
value of | z  1| are [RPET 2002]
(c) a2  3b (d) a2  4b
(a) 6, – 6 (b) 6, 0
 z  2 (c) 7, 2 (d) 0, – 1
6. A complex number z is such that arg 
 z  2 13. If | ak | 1, k  0 for k  1, 2,....n and
 1  2  ...  n  1, then the value of
 . The points representing this complex
3 | 1a1   2a2  .... nan | is
number will lie on
[MP PET 2001] (a) Equal to one (b) Greater than one
(a) An ellipse (b) A parabola (c) Zero (d) Less than one
(c) A circle (d) A straight line
 Complex Numbers 101
14. Let z1 and z2 be two complex numbers with 
and  as their principal arguments such that
     , then principal arg(z1 z2) is given by
[Roorkee 1989]
(a)      (b)     
(c)     2 (d)   
15. Let z be a complex number satisfying
| z  5i |  1 such that amp z is minimum. Then
z is equal to
2 6 24i 24 2 6i
(a)  (b) 
5 5 5 5

2 6 24i
(c)  (d) None of these
5 5
16. If complex number z  x  iy is taken such that
z1  19. The value of infinite product
the amplitude of fraction is always ,
z1 4
(cos  i sin )
then
   
[UPSEAT 1999; MP PET 2004] (cos  i sin ) (cos 2  i sin 2 )....
2 2 2 2
(a) x 2  y2  2y  1 (b) x 2  y2  2y  0
is [RPET 1999]
(c) x 2  y 2  2y  1 (d) x 2  y2  2y  1
(a) cos2  i sin2
17. If z  i log(2  3), then cosz 
(b) cos2  i sin2
[RPET 2001; Karnataka CET 2002]
(c) sin2  i cos2
(a) i (b) 2 i
(c) 1 (d) 2 (d) sin2  i cos2

18. If the complex numbers z1, z2, z3 represent the 20. If  1 is any nth root of unity, then
vertices of an equilateral triangle such that 2 …..
n
S  1  3  5 upto terms, is equal to
| z1 || z2 || z3 |, then z1  z2  z3 =
[IIT 1984] 2n 2n
(a) (b) 
(a) 0 (b) 1 1  1 

(c) 1 (d) None of these n n

(c) (d) 
1  1 
 102 Complex Numbers

(SET - 3)

x
 (1  i)2 
x  z  z3  
1. (a) 
 1 i 
  1  1 or amp 2   or  z2z3z1  60o

2   z1  z3  3
 1 i   1  i 
 1  i 2  2i 
x  The triangle has two sides equal and the
  
  1 i x
1 angle between the equal sides  60o. So, it
 1 1  is equilateral.
 x  4n, n  I  . 5. (c) Let z1, z2 be the roots of z2  az  b  0 .
Then z1  z2  a, z1z2  b
1/ 3
2. (a) z  x  iy, z  p  iq

z  (p  iq)3  p3  iq3  3p 2qi  3pq2 Since z1, z2 and z3  0 form an equilateral

triangle, therefore as we know
z  (p3  3pq2 )  i(3p2q  q3 )
z12  z22  z32  z1z2  z2z3  z3z1
Equating real and imaginary part we get
x  p3  3pq2, y  (3p2q  q3)
2 2
 z1  z2  z1z2 ( z3  0)

x  p(p2  3q2) , y  q(q2  3p2)  (z1  z2)2  3z1z2  (a)2  3b 

2
x y a  3b .
 p2  3q2 …..(i)  q2  3p2 ……(ii)
p q  z  2 
6. (c) arg   
Adding (i) and (ii), we get  z  2 3
x y  (x  2)  iy 
  p 2  q2  3(q2  p2 )  2p 2  2q 2 tan1  
p q
 (x  2)  iy 3
x y


x y
  2(p2  q2 ) . Hence p q .  / 3)[ (x  2)2  y2 ]
(x  2)2  y2  tan(
p q 2 2
 2
p q Squaring both sides,
       (x  2)2  y2  3[x  2]2  y2 ]
3. (c)  
1       (   )  x 2  y2  4  4x  3x 2  3y2  12x  12
1   1  2x 2  2y 2  16x  8  0 
  1 {
 | z || z |}
|  | (   ) | | x 2  y2  8 x  4  0
which is a equation of circle.
z1  z3 1 3 1 3
4. (c)  i    1. 2 2
z2  z3 2 2 4 4 7. (d) Let z  cos
 i sin , then by De
7 7
so, | z1  z3 || z2  z3 | k 2k 2k
Moivre's theorem z  cos  i sin
Also, 7 7
 z  z3    3 / 2 Now the given sum
amp 1   tan 1   tan 1( 3)    6
 2k 2k 
z
 2  z3 

 1 / 2 
 3 S   sin
k 1
7
 i cos
7 

 Complex Numbers 103
6
 2k 2k  
=  (i) cos 7
k1
 i sin 
7  x  2  3(1)1 / 3  3(1, , 2 )  3,3 ,3 2
 x  1,2  3 ,2  3 2 .
6
2k 2k 
6 1  ix (1  ix)(1  ix)
 (i) 
k 1

 cos
 7
 i sin
7
  (i)
 k 1
zk  11. (b)
1  ix
 a  ib 
(1  ix)(1  ix)
 a  ib

Which is a G.P. of which the first term is z , 1  x2  2ix 1  x2

  a  ib   a and
number of terms is 6 and the common ratio is 1  x2 1  x2
2 2 2x
z  cos  i sin  1 So summing up the b
7 7
1  x2
G.P., we have
6 7 2x 2x
z(1  z ) z z z1
S  (i)  (i)  (i) i 2 2
1 z 1 z 1 z Now we can write x as x  1  x  1  2x
7 2 1 x
 2 2  1
[ z7   cos  i sin   cos2  i sin2  1 1  x2 1  x2
 7 7 
8. (c) x1.x2.x3....x
b 2b 2b 2b
=    
1  a 1  1  2a 1  (a  b )  2a (1  a)2  b2
2 2
         
 cos  i sin   cos 2  i sin 2   cos 3  i sin 3 ....
 3 3 3 3  3 3  1  ix 1  x2  2ix
Trick :   a  ib
1  ix 1  x2
        Let a  0  x  1 and b  1 .
 cos  2  3  .....   i sin  2  3  .... 
3 3 3  3 3 3  Also option (b) gives 1 .
12. (b) | z  4|  3  3  z  4  3
     6  z  1  0  0  (z  1)  6

 / 3  
 / 3     0 | z  1| 6 , Hence greatest and least
 cos  i sin  cos  i sin  i.
 1  1 2 2
 1   1  values of | z  1| are 6 and 0 respectively.
 3  3
9. (a) The first equation can be written as 13. (d) We have | 1a1  2a2  ..... nan |
(z  1)(z2  z  1)  0 . Its roots are 1, | 1a1 |  |  2a2 | ..... | nan |
and  2 | 1 || a1 | ..... |  n || an |
1985 100
Now, let f(z)  z z 1  1 | a1 | ..... n | an |
1985
We have f(1)  (1)  (1)100  1  0 [  each k .  0 ]
Therefore 1 is not a root of the equation
 1  .....  n
f(z)  0
Again f( )   1985   100  1 [  | ak | 1and so k | ak | k for all
= k  1,2,....n ]
( ) 3 661 2 3 33
  ( )   1      1  0 2
Hence | 1a1   2a2  ..... nan | 1 .
Therefore  is a root of the equation Thus | 1a1  .....  nan | 1 .
f(z)  0 . 14. (c) We know that principal arguments of a
Similarly, we can show that f( 2 )  0 complex number lie between  and  ,
Hence  and  2 are the common roots. but    , therefore principal

Trick : Obviously  and  2 satisfy both the

arg(z1z2)  argz1  argz2     , is given
by     2 .
equations but  3 i.e., 1 does not satisfy the
equations. 15. (a) We have OC  5, CA  1
Y
10. (d) Here 11 / 3  1, , 2
 For the equation (x  2)3  27  0
 (x  2)3  27  33 C
(0,5)

A(Z)


X
O
 104 Complex Numbers
Therefore | z1 || z2 | | z3 | 
OA  OB  OC i.e., O is the circumcentre
of ABC . Hence z1  z2  z3  0
Note : Students should remember this question
θ =∠ AOX =min . amp z , ∴ ∠ AOC=90 −θ
o
*** as a fact.
o 1 1 19. (b)
 sin(90   )   cos 
5 5    
(cos  i sin )(cos  i sin )(cos 2  i sin 2 ) ....
 z  OA cos  iOA sin 2 2 2 2
 1 1
 z 52  1   i 52  1 1  2        
 5 5  cos   2  .....  i sin   2  .....
 2 2   2 2 
2 6
 (1  i2 6) .
5      
 cos   i sin  .
z  1 (x  iy)  1 (x  1)  iy  1  (1 / 2)   1  (1/ 2) 
16. (d)  
z  1 (x  iy)  1 (x  1)  iy 20. (b) We have
2 n 1
{(x  1)  iy}{(x  1)  iy} S  1  3  5  ..... (2n  1) …..(i)

{(x  1)  iy}{(x  1)  iy}  S    3 2  5 3  ..... (2n  1) n
…..(ii)
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
{(x 2  1)  y2 } i{y(x  1)  y(x  1)}

(x  1)2  y2 (1   )S  1  2  2 2  ..... 2 n1  (2n  1) n

 (x  1)  y 
2 2
  2y   2(1     2.....  n 1)  1  (2n  1) n
  i 2
2 2 2

 (x  1)  y   (x  1)  y 
2(1   n )  2n
 z  1   2n  2n ( n  1)  S 
 amp  1  (1   )
 z  1 .
 2y (x  1)  y 
2 2
 tan1  2 2
 
 (x  1)  y (x  1)2  y2 
 
 2y 

  tan1  2 
4  x  y  1

2

 2y
tan  2
4 x  y2  1
2y
 1 2  x 2  y2  1  2y
x  y2  1
 x 2  y2  2y  1 .
17. (d) Given, complex function z  i log(2  3).
The given equation may be written as
2 1
eiz  ei log(2 3)  elog(2 3)  elog(2 3)
or eiz  (2  3). Similarly, eiz  (2  3).
We know that
eiz  eiz (2  3)  (2  3)
cosz    2.
2 2
18. (a) Let the complex number z1, z2, z3 denote the
vertices A, B, C of an equilateral triangle
ABC . Then, if O be the origin, we have
OA  z1, OB  z2, OC  z3