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SOLUTION-Chp. 08-EXPONENTIAL
SOLUTION-Chp. 08-EXPONENTIAL
e7x e3x
8. (c)
5x
e2x e 2x
e
We know
2x (2x)2 (2x)3
e2x 1 ........
1! 2! 3!
Exponential series ......(i)
e 5x
e x
(2x) (2x) 2 4
24 3 1 2 7
3x
e2x e 2x 21 ...... x4 4 ! 2. 4 ! 4 ! (2 1) 12 .
e
2 ! 4 !
24 4 13 23 33 n3
Coefficient of x 4 2. . 13. (d) S ........ ......
4! 3 1! 2! 3! n!
Here
1! 2 ! 3 ! (n 1) !
1! 2 ! 3 ! 4 ! 5 ! 6 !
n2 (n 1)(n 2) 3(n 1) 1
Tn
(n 1) ! (n 1) ! (n 1) ! xi x 2 ix3 x4 ix5 x6
1 ...... ......(ii)
1 3 1 1! 2 ! 3! 4! 5! 6!
Now from (i) and (ii), we have
(n 3) ! (n 2) ! (n 1) !
S Tn e 3e e 5e . eix e ix x2 x4 x6
1 .... .
2 2! 4 ! 6!
52. (b) (1 2x 3x 2 )e x
n(n 1)(2n 1)
x x2 x3
56. (c) Tn
(1 2x 3x )1 2
....... 6n(n 1)!
1! 2 ! 3 !
1 2n 1
The coefficient of x5 S
6
(n)!
=
1 1 1
1 (2) 3 1 1 1
5 ! 4 ! 3 !
6
2.
(n 1)! (n)!
1 1 1 71
. 1 1
120 12 2 120 = [2.e e 1] [3e 1] .
6 6
53. (c)
1 2 3 4 n 57. (b) Sum = (e2 loge 2 1) 4 1 3 .
S ....... .....
1! 3 ! 5 ! 7 ! (2n 1) ! 58. (b)
1 2 2
2.loge 2 1 .........
1 1 2 1.2.3 3.4.5
3 loge 1 loge . …..(iv)
1 3 2 3
1
3
1 1 1 1
Trick : As the sum of the series upto 3 or 4 ...... 2loge 2 1 loge 2
terms is approximately 0.9. Obviously (a) gives 1.2.3 3.4.5 2 2
the value nearer to 0.9. .
2. (d) 1 1 1
Aliter : .......
1 1 1 1.2.3 3.4.5 5.6.7
S 1 x2 1 x3 1 x4 ............
2 3 4
1 n1 1 1 1 1
1 x ........ Tn
n 1 (2n 1)(2n)(2n 1) 2(2n 1) 2n 2(2n 1)
1 1 1 1 1 1
x
2
x3
2 2n 1 2n 2 2n 2n 1
{x2 x3 x4 .........}
..........
2 3
Putting n 1,2,3,........
x2 x 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
{ loge(1 x) x} loge(1 x) . T1 , T2
1 x 1 x 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 3 4 2 4 5
x
2
x
3
,
x x 1 x 1
3. (a) S .........
1 1 1 1 1 1
x1 2 3 T3
2 5 6 2 6 7
.............................................
1
2
1
3 .............................................
1 x 1 x 1
........ 1 1 1 1 1 1
x1 2 3 Tn
2 2n 1 2n 2 2n 2n 1
Adding all terms, we get
x 1
loge 1 loge 1 Sn T1 T2 T3 ......... Tn ........
x 1 x 1
1 x 1 1 1 1 1 1
loge loge loge x . 1 ......
x1 x1 2 2 3 4 5 6
Trick : Put x 2 and check..
16 Exponential and Logarithmic Series
(a 1)2 (a 1)3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (a 1) .......
......
10. (a)
2 3
22 3 4 5 6 7
(b 1)2 (b 1)3
(b 1) ......
2 3
1 1 1 1 1
loge (1 1) 1 1 ....... loge (1 a 1) loge a
2 2 2 3 4 logb a .
loge (1 b 1) loge b
1 1 1 1
loge 2 loge (1 1) loge 2 . 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 11. (c) . . .....
5 2 52 3 53
1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1
5. (a) . . . . .........
1 2 2 22 3 23 4 24 5
2
5
1 5
loge 1 loge loge 2loge .
5 4 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 3 2 4 .. 12. (c) loge{(1 x)1 x (1 x)1 x }
1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2
(1 x)loge (1 x) (1 x)loge (1 x)
1 1 1
x 2 x3 x4
(1 x) x ......
1 1 1 2 2 3
2 3 4
2 2 3 ........ 2 2 .......
2 2 2 1 2 3
x2 x3 x4
(1 x) x .......
1 1 2 3 4
loge 1 2 loge 2 .
1 2
1
2
x 2 x 4 x6 x4 x6
2 ..... 2 x 2 ......
1 x 1 1 x
2 4 6
3 5
6. (a) loge loge
1 x 2 1 x
1 1 1 1 1
2 x 2 1 x4 x6 ......
1 x3 x5
x3 x5 2 3 4 5 6
.2 x ...... x ......
2 3 5
3 5
x2 x4 x6
7. (a) Given series is 2 ....... .
1 1 1 1.2 3.4 5.6
.......
x 1 2(x 1)2
3(x 1)3 1 1
13. (a) 2loge x loge 1 x loge 1 x
x x
1 x
loge 1 loge
x 1 x 1 1
2loge x loge 1 loge x
x
x 1 1
loge loge 1 .
x x 1
loge 1 loge x
x1 x
8. (c) loge (x 1) loge (x 1) loge
x1
1 1 1 1
1 loge 1 loge 1 2 2 .......
1 x x 2x 4x 4
loge x 2 1 1 1 ....... .
1 x 3x3 5x5 4
The coefficient of x 2.
1 1
.
1 4 2
x
2 3 1 1 1
a b 1 a b 1 a b 14. (b) .....
9. (b) ...... 2.3 4.5 6.7
a 2 a 3 a
a b b a 1 1 1 1 1 1
loge 1 loge loge . ...... 1 loge 2
a a b 2 3 4 5 6 7
Exponential and Logarithmic Series 17
e 4 6 12 14
loge e loge 2 log . 19. (b) S +....
2 1.3 2.4 5.7 6.8
15. (c) Given b loge(1 a) 1 a eb 1 3 2 4 5 7 6 8
....
1.3 2.4 5.7 6.8
b b2
1 a 1 .... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1! 2! ....
1 3 2 4 5 7 6 8
b2
a b ..... 1 1 1 1 1
2! 1 .... loge 2 .
16. (a) We know that, 2 3 4 5 6
1 1 1 20. (b) loge x loge(x 1)
loge 2 ..... .....(i)
1.2 3.4 5.6
1
(when x 1 in loge(1 x) ) x loge 1 1
loge loge
x 1 1 x
Also, 1
x
1 1 1
loge 2 1 ....... .....(ii) 1 1 1
2.3 4.5 6.7 2
....
x 2x 3x3
(when x 1 in loge(1 x) ) 2 3
By adding (i) and (ii), we get 4 1 1 1 1 1
21. (d) loge ....
5 4 2 4 3 4
1 1 1 1 4 1 4 5
2loge 2 1 ...... = loge loge 1 loge loge 0 .
1.2 2.3 3.4 4.5 5 4 5 4
2 3
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 2
2log2 2 1 ........ 22. (c)
2
n n
....
2
1.2 2.3 3.4 4.5 S n
1 2 3
1 1 1 1
........
1.2 2.3 3.4 4.5 1 n2
loge 1 2 loge 2 .
4 n n 1
loge 4 loge e loge .
e Trick : Putting n 2, the sum of the series
upto 4 terms is
1
2
1
4
1 1 1 1
2 2 0.2874... and option
17. (a) S 1 ..... 4 32 192 1024
2 4
(a)
= – 0.223...., (b) =0.223....., (c) =0.2876.....
1
3
1
5 Hence answer is (c).
1 2 2 3
2 ..... 1 m n 1 m n
2 3 5 23. (d) ....
m n 3 m n
=
1 m n
1 1
1 1 1 2 1
1 loge 1 1 loge 1
loge m n 1 log 2m 1 log m .
2 2 2 1 m n 2 e 2n 2 e n
1 2
2 1
m n
1 3 1 1 1 1 1
loge loge 3 loge 2 3 . 24. (b) Sum of . . ....
2 4
2 3 2.3 5 25
1 1 1 1 1 1
18. (a) S ....
2 1 3 22 3 5
1 1 1 1
.... 2 loge 2 1 .
1.2 2.3 3.4 4.5
18 Exponential and Logarithmic Series
1 1 1 1 1 loge 2
= 1 . 2 . 4 .... log3 2 .
2 3 2 5 2 loge 3
1 31. (a) Obviously
1
1 2 (0.5)2 (0.5)3
. loge 0.5 .... loge (1 0.5)
2 1 2 3
1 3
2 loge .
1 3/ 2 1 2
= . loge . loge (3) loge 3 .
2 1/ 2 2 32. (b) We have loga (1 x) loge (1 x).loga e
25. (a) Given equation is, xn
x 6
x
10
y y 4 6 loga e (1)n1
4 x 2 ... y2 .... n1 n
3 5 2 3
Therefore coefficient of x n in loga (1 x) is
4 1 x2
loge loge (1 y2 )
2 (1)n1
2 1 x loga e .
n
2
1 x2
loge loge 1 ; (a) We have log10
n n
loge . log10 e
2 2 33.
1 x 1 y n 1 n 1
2
1 x2 n 1
1 loge . log10 e
2
1 x 1 y2 n
On simplification, we get x 2 y 2x y . 1
log10 e. loge 1
26. (c) loga x is defined for all positive real x 0. n
27. (b) The given series reduces to Therefore coefficient of n r is
3 4 n 1 1
loge 2 loge loge .... loge log10 e .
2 3 n 1 r r loge 10
loge2 loge3 loge2 loge4 loge3 .. .. 34. (b) We have
.. 2
log(1 3x 2x ) log(1 x) log(1 2x)
loge n .
xn (2x)n
1 1 1 1 = (1)n1
n
(1)n1
n
28. (a) 2 3
.... n1 n1
n 2n 3n 4n4
n1 1 2n n
1 (1 / n)
2
(1 / n)
3
(1 / n)
....
4 = (1) n x
n
=
n1
n 2 3 4
1 2n n
1 n 1
loge 1 loge . (1)n1 x
n n n1 n
m 2n 1
So, coefficient of xn = (1)
m n1
29. (d) Since logyn x logy x and logx x 1 .
n n
1 1 1 1 (1)n 1(2n 1)
S .... ,
2 3 4 5 n
x 2 x3 x4 [ (1)n (1)n 2 ...].
Also loge (1 x) x ....
2 3 4 1999
1 1 2 1 2 3
5. (c) ....
Critical Thinking Questions 0! 1! 2!
nth term
1 1 1 1 2 3 4 ..... n n(n 1)
...... Tn
2! 4 ! 6 ! (n 1)! 2(n 1)!
1. (b)
1 1 1
1 ....... 1 1 4 2
3! 5! 7! Tn
2 (n 3)! (n 2)! (n 1)!
1 1 1
2 .... 7e
2! 4 ! 6 ! Therefore sum S .
2
1 1 1
2 1 .... 2.6 3.7 4.8
3! 5 ! 7 ! 6. (a) 1.5 ....
1! 2! 3!
1
e 2 n(n 4) (n 1)(n 4) (n 4)
(e e1) 2 e e2 1 2e Tn
(n 1)! (n 1)! (n 1)!
(e e1) e
1 e2 1
n 4 1 5
e
(n 2)! (n 2)! (n 1)!
(e 1)2 e1
. 1 7 5
(e 1)(e 1) e 1
(n 3)! (n 2)! (n 1)!
2. (b)
1 4 7 10 3n 2
S ...... .......
1 1 1
1! 2 ! 3 ! 4 ! n! S (n 3)! 7 (n 2)! 5 (n 1)!
n1 n1 n1
3 2
Here Tn
e 7e 5e 13e .
(n 1) ! n !
7. (c) We have
1 1
S Tn 3 (n 1) ! 2 n ! (logx)2n elogx e logx x x 1
n1 n1 n1 S .
n 0 (2n)! 2 2
3e 2(e 1) e 2 .
8. (b) Let S 4 11 22 37 .... Tn1 Tn
1 x (1 x)2 (1 x)3
3. (c) .... or S = 4 + 11 + 22 + 37+……..+
1! 2! 3!
Tn1 Tn
e1 x 1 e. ex 1
On subtracting we get
x2 x3
1 e1 x ....
2! 3!
0 4 [7 11 15 19 .... (Tn Tn1 )] Tn
n 1 n 1
The coefficient of x e . 0 4 [14 (n 2)4] Tn
n! 2
2 2
x2 x4 x x
4. (d) 1 .... e e Tn 2n2 n 1
2! 4! 2
Thus n th term of given series is
20 Exponential and Logarithmic Series
e1 / 2 e1 / 2 e 1
. 2 1 22 12 23 13
2 2 e (1 1) ...
1! 1! 2! 2! 3! 3!
11. (a) Numerator N emloge 3 en loge 3 2 22 23
m n 1 ....
eloge 3 eloge 3 3m 3n 3m n 1! 2! 3!
Denominator D emnloge 3 3mn 1 12 13
1 ...
whereas given m n 1, mn 1 1! 2! 3!
N 3m n 31 e2 e = e(e 1) .
mn 1 32 9 .
D 3 3 1 1 1 1
16. (b) S 1 2 ....
1 1 1 1 3 4 5 6
12. (b) 2
3
......
3 2.3 3.3 4.34 2 1 1 1 1
2 2 ....
1 (1 / 3)2 (1 / 3)3 (1 / 3)4 2 3 4 5 6
......
3 2 3 4 1 1 1
21 ... 2loge 2 = loge 4 .
1 2 3 2 3 4
loge 1 loge loge
3 3
2 2 2 a
17. (b) loge 1 ax a
loge 3 loge 2 . x2
13. (c) (1 x)loge (1 x) a
loge(1 ax2) 1 2
x x x 2
x 3 4 5 x
(1 x) x ......
2 3 4 5 a
loge(1 ax2) loge 1 2
5 1 1 1 x
Hence coefficient of x .
4 5 20
Exponential and Logarithmic Series 21
2 2 4 1
3 6 1 1
= ax a x a x ...........
2 3 1
1 1 2xz
loge xz loge
a 1 1 1 1 2 1
2 a2 4 a3 6 ..... 1
x 2 x 3 x 1 2xz
1 1 xz
loge xz loge
1 1 1 1 1 2 xz
a x 2 2 .a2 x 4 4 a3 x6 6 ...
x 2 x 3 x 1 1
loge (1 xz) loge y2 loge y .
2 2
(1)i 1 xi
18. (c) loge(1 x) i 1
i
is defined for
x (1,1]
Because
x 2 x3 x4
loge (1 x) x .... is
2 3 4
defined for (1 x 1) .
19. (b) Given that y = 2x2–1, then
1
1
1 1 1 1 y
3 5 .... loge 1
y 3y 5y 2 1
y
1 y 1 1 y 1
loge loge
2 y 1 2 y 1
1 2 1 1
loge 1 loge 1 2
2 1 y 2 x
1 1 1 1
.... .
2 x 2 2x 4 3x 6
20. (b) Since x, y, z are three consecutive positive
integers, therefore 2y x z .
y2 1 xz ....(i)
Now
3
1 1 1 1 1
loge x loge z ....
2 2 1 2xz 3 1 2xz
1
loge x loge z
2
3
1 1 1
2 ....
1 2xz 3 1 2xz