Table of Properties of Natural Gas

Properties [Units/Conditions] Value

  Relative molar mass 17 - 20
  Carbon content [mass %] 73.3
  Hydrogen content [mass %] 23.9
  Oxygen content [mass %] 0.4
0.25 -
  Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio
0.33
0.72 -
  Relative density [@15°C / 1 bar]
0.81
  Boiling temperature [°C / 1 bar] -162
  Autoignition temperature [°C] 540 - 560
  Octane number 120 -130
  Methane number 69 - 99
  Stoichiometric air/fuel ratio [mass] 17.2
  Vapour flammability limits
5 - 15
[Volume %]
  Flammability limits [lambda] 0.7 - 2.1
  Lower heating/calorific value
38 - 50
[MJ/kg]
  Stoichiometric lower heating value
2.75
[MJ/kg]
  Methane concentration [Volume
80 - 99
%]
  Ethane concentration [Volume %] 2.7 - 4.6
  Nitrogen concentration [Volume
0.1 - 15
%]
  Carbon dioxide concentration
1-5
[Volume %]
  Sulphur concentration [ppm, mass] <5
  Specific CO2 formation [g/MJ] 38 - 50
Table of Properties of Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Properties [Units/Conditions] Value

  Relative molar mass 44.1
  Carbon content [mass %] 82
  Hydrogen content [mass %] 18
  Oxygen content [mass %] 0
  Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio 0.375
  Relative density [@15°C / 1 bar] 0.5
  Boiling temperature [°C / 1 bar] -42
  Autoignition temperature [°C] 457
  Octane number 97 - 112
  Methane number 35
  Stoichiometric air/fuel ratio [mass] 15.7
  Vapour flammability limits
2.1 - 9.5
[Volume %]
0.42 -
  Flammability limits [lambda]
2.0
  Vapour pressure @38C [kPa] 1300
  Freezing temperature [°C] -187
  Flash point temperature [°C] -104
  Specific heat [kJ/Kg K] 2.48
  Latent heat of vaporisation @ 1 bar
426
[kJ/kg]
  Lower heating/calorific value
46
[MJ/kg]
  Viscosity [MPa s @20°C] 0.102
  Water solubility [volume %
0.065
@21°C]
  Sulphur concentration [ppm, mass] <50
  Specific CO2 formation [g/MJ] 64.7

Table of Properties of Natural Gas

Properties [Units/Conditions] Value

  Relative molar mass 17 - 20
  Carbon content [mass %] 73.3
  Hydrogen content [mass %] 23.9
   Oxygen content [mass %] 0.4
0.25 -
  Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio
0.33
0.72 -
  Relative density [@15°C / 1 bar]
0.81
  Boiling temperature [°C / 1 bar] -162
  Autoignition temperature [°C] 540 - 560
  Octane number 120 -130
  Methane number 69 - 99
  Stoichiometric air/fuel ratio [mass] 17.2
  Vapour flammability limits
5 - 15
[Volume %]
  Flammability limits [lambda] 0.7 - 2.1
  Lower heating/calorific value
38 - 50
[MJ/kg]
  Stoichiometric lower heating value
2.75
[MJ/kg]
  Methane concentration [Volume
80 - 99
%]
  Ethane concentration [Volume %] 2.7 - 4.6
  Nitrogen concentration [Volume
0.1 - 15
%]
  Carbon dioxide concentration
1-5
[Volume %]
  Sulphur concentration [ppm, mass] <5
  Specific CO2 formation [g/MJ] 38 - 50

Table of Properties of DME

Properties [Units/Conditions] Value

  Relative molar mass 46.1
  Carbon content [mass %] 52.2
  Hydrogen content [mass %] 13.0
  Oxygen content [mass %] 34.8
  Carbon-to-hydrogen ratio 0.33
  Relative gas density [@15°C / 1
1.59
bar]
  Kinematic viscocity as liquid [cST] <1
  Relative liquid density [@15°C / 1
0.66
bar]
  Boiling temperature [°C / 1 bar] 120 -130
  Autoignition temperature [°C] 235
  Cetane number 55 - 60
  Stoichiometric air/fuel ratio [mass] 9.0
  Vapour Flammability limits 3.4 -
[Volume %] 18.6
  Lower heating/calorific value 27.6 -
[MJ/kg] 28.8
  Latent heat of vaporisation 460 -
@20°C/1 bar [kJ/kg] 470
  Flash point temperature [°C] -42
  Sulphur concentration [ppm, mass] <0

Table of Properties of Biodiesel and Blends

Properties
Value
[Units/Conditions]
Soybean
Rapeseed
   Methyl
Methyl Ester
Ester
  Relative molar mass ~300 ~310
  Carbon content [mass
77 - 81 ~78
%]
  Hydrogen content
~12 11- 12
[mass %]
  Oxygen content [mass
9 - 11 10 - 11
%]
  Carbon-to-hydrogen
0.15 0.14
ratio
  Relative density
0.88 0.87
[@15°C / 1 bar]
  Kinematic viscocity
4.5 -
@40°C [cST]
  Boiling temperature
330 - 350 -
[°C / 1 bar]
  Autoignition
- -
temperature [°C]
  Cetane number 51 - 58 46 - 67
  Stoichiometric air/fuel
12.3 12.6
ratio [mass]
  Lower
heating/calorific value 37 - 38 32
[MJ/kg]
  Flash point
91 - 179 110 - 174
temperature [°C]
  Vapour pressure
<1 <1
@38°C [kPa]
  Sulphur concentration
<10 <10
[ppm, mass]
  Water content [ppm,
<200 -
mass]

Table of Properties of Bioethanol and Blends

Properties
Value
[Units/Conditions]
   Ethanol E85G E15D
  Relative molar mass 46.1 - -
  Carbon content [mass %] 52.2 56 - 58 -
  Hydrogen content [mass
13.1 13 - 14 -
%]
  Oxygen content [mass
34.8 29 - 30 5
%]
2.9 -
  Water content [mass %] <6.2 -
6.6
  Phosphor content [ppm] - <0.5 -
  Sulphur content [ppm] - <30 0.01%
  Relative density [@15°C 0.8 - 0.78 -
0.815
/ 1 bar] 0.82 0.80
  Boiling temperature [°C /
78 49 - 80 -
1 bar]
  Freezing temperature
-114 - -
[°C]
  Autoignition temperature
423 >257 -
[°C]
  Stoichiometric air/fuel
9 9.9 -
ratio [mass]
  Lower heating/calorific
25 - 27 26 - 27 -
value [MJ/kg]
   Flash point temperature
13 - <20
[°C]
  Vapour pressure @38°C 48 -
15.9 -
[kPa] 103
  Vapour flammability
4.3 - 19 - -
limits [volume %]
  Research Octane number
108.6 107 -
[RON]
  Motor Octane number
89.7 89 -
[MON]
  Latent heat of
vaporisation @ 1bar 923 836 -
[kJ/kg]
  Specific heat [kJ/kg-K] 2.4 2.3 -
  Cetane 8 - 41

Table of Properties of ETBE/Gasoline Blend

Properties
Value
[Units/Conditions]
   ETBE ETBE15/G
  Oxygen content [mass %] 15.7 2.4
  Relative density [@15°C / 1
0.745 0.747
bar]
  Research Octane number 115 -
97.9
[RON] 120
  Motor Octane number
98 - 102 86.5
[MON]
  Reid vapour pressure [kPa] 29.8 65
  Boiling temperature [°C / 1
73.1 -
bar]
  Sulphur concentration [ppm,
- 355
mass]
  Aromatics concentration
- 28
[volume %]
  Olefins concentration
- 11.2
[volume %]
  Benzene concentration
- 2
[mass %]