CLASS LOBOSEA

(Parasitic Amoeba)

A.) Pathogenic

Entamoeba histolytica
* Major pathogen, cause of intestinal amoebiasis in human.
* The primary focus of infection is the cecum and all extra intestinal forms.

Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoite

Entamoeba histolytica Cyst

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B.) Non Pathogenic

Entamoeba coli

Entamoeba coli Trophozoite

* It’s trophozoite differ from E. histolytica, it is more vacuolated, has narrower ectoplasm, broader and
blunter pseudopodia for feeding instead of movement. It is more sluggish and has undirected
movement.

Entamoeba coli Cyst

* Size: 10-35 um in diameter
* Shape: spherical to oval.
* It cyst has more nuclei (1-8) than E. histolytica.

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* Mass of glycogen stain pinkish to brown with iodine.

Iodamoeba buetschlii

Iodamoeba buetschlii Cyst

* Size: 6-15 um in diameter.
* shape: spherical to oval.
* Cytoplasm have mass of glycogen that occupy 2/3 of the size of the organism.

Endolimax nana

Endolimax nana Trophozoite:

* size: 6-15 um in diameter

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* has single nucleus with uniform and fairly thin nuclear membrane.
* Karyosome is large, round or irregular.
* Space between karyosome and nuclear membrane is very narrow.
* There are no chromatin granules lining the membrane.
* Endoplasm is vacuolated

Endolimax nana Cyst

* Size: 5-14 um in diameter.
* Shape: spherical to oval
* cytoplasm is finely granular with vacuoles
* Has 1-4 nuclei, with large, irregular, eccentric karyosome.
* The indistinct membrane of nuclei are not line with chromatin granules.

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 CLASS ZOOMASTIGOPHOREA
(Atrial Flagellates)
A.) Pathogenic

Giardia lamblia

- Most number of flagella

- Habitat: Small intestine
- Causes Diseases: A sexually Transmitted Disease (More common among women) & gastroenteritis

Giardia lamblia Trophozoite:

- Non infective stage
* Size: 9-12 um by 5 -15 by 2-4 um
* Shape: rounded anteriorly and tapering posteriorly (Racquet shaped)
* 2 nuclei with central karyosome are located anteriorlyin the sucking disc giving rise to “old woman
with eyeglasses”.
* 4 pairs of flagella.

Giardia lamblia Cyst:

Infective stage
* Size: 8-12 um by 7-10 um.
* Shape: ovoid

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* 2-4 nuclei with central karyosome, * condensed cytoplasm

B.) Non- Pathogenic

Chilomastix mesnili
- Cause intestinal disorder commonly diarrhea
- seen in street foods.

Chilomastix mesnili Trophozoite:

* Size: 6-20 um by 3-10 um.
* Shape: Asymmetrical pear shaped with spiral groove at posterior end.
* Cytoplasm is vacuolated and single spherical nucleus is located at the anterior part.
* There are 4 flagella located anteriorly.

Chilomastix mesnili Cyst

* Size: 7-10 um by 4-6 um
* Tough cyst wall, one side of w/c is protruding and separated from the cytoplasm giving a “nipple like
projection” and parasite assumes a “lemon shaped” configuration.

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* The vesicular nucleus (1-2) is located somewhere at the center lf dense cytoplasm.

CLASS KINETOFRAGMINOPHOREA
(Ciliate)

Balantidium coli
* Largest intestinal protozoa of man and his only pathogenic ciliate.
* The disease is called Balantidiasis and it is caused by trophozoite.
* Morphologically, trophozoite has primitive mouth,the cytosome, and primitive anus, the cytophage. It
has delicate projections at surface called the cilia, representing it’s organ of locomotion.
*Habitat: Colon
*Transmitted by means of fecal/ oral route specially contaminated foods and drinks.
*Symptoms: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, dysentry
* Pigs feces are regarded as potential source of infection.

Balantidium coli Trophozoite

-Spherical or oblong shape
- has 2 nuclei
-Covered with cilia (motile)

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*Cyst is the infective stage

CLASS SPOROZOA
(Malaria)
Plasmodia
- Has no organ for motion
- Vector: Female Anopheles mosquito

Plasmodium falciparum
*Associated with mortality, Fatal: 67-70%, most malignant in Philippines

Plasmodium falciparum Young Trophozoite

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*Rings & pleomorphic, 2 chromatin dots

Plasmodium falciparum Gametocyte

*Present in peripheral blood smear
*Similar to P. vivax; Crescent or sausage shape.

Plasmodium vivax
*Associated with mortality and morbidity (30-37%), most common benign in Philippines.

Plasmodium vivax Young Trophozoite

*Ring form, no enlargement, 1 chromatin dot.

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Plasmodium vivax Young Schizont
*2 chromatin dots

Plasmodium vivax Growing Schizont

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*2-12 chromatin dots

Plasmodium malariae
*(0.01%-1%), Least common benign in Philippines.

Plasmodium malariae Mature Schizont

*Daisy pattern or Rosette arrangement
*6-12 chromatin dots
*With brown substance; Hemozoint pigment – Product of parasite- Pathognomonic

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An Oocyst- like body

Oocyst Wall Sporoblasts

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