THE CENTRAL PROBLEM OF SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY

The Social Forces The Intelectual Forces

The threats to the taken for
granted world
“The Establishment”

(Ritzer, 2010)
 revolusi politik SOCIETY AS THE SOCIAL ORDER:
Restraint  The Enlightenment
 revolusi industri dan
Reciprocity  The Conservative Reaction
munculnya kapitalisme
Predictability to the Enlightenment
 munculnya sosialisme
Consistency
 disintegrasi agama
Persitence
 feminisme

Theoritical Perspectives
Coersion theory
Interest theory
Value consencus
 THE NEW ORDER OF SOCIETY

The Rise of Sociological Theories

KARL MARX EMILE DURKHEIM (1858-1917) MAX WEBER (1864-1920)

(1818-1883) The Division of Labor Rasionality
The Communist Manifesto “Bureaucracy”

THE NEW OF SOCIAL ORDER

I. The Problem of Order

Penekanan pada “social order” sebagai fokus studi sosiologi” bukan berarti
mendukung pemikiran konservatif yang menekankan pentingnya harmoni dan
menolak adanya konflik dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Makna tertib sosial dalam
ini dipahami dalam konteks sosial yang dinamis, melibatkan adanya interaksi
dan interelasi antara konsensus dan konflik sebagai realitas sosial masyarakat.
Aspek-aspek “social order”:
The term 'social order' can mean a number of things. All of these meanings are both
logically and empirically related. (Cohen, 1985)

1. Existence of Restraint, the inhibition of impulse or, more specifically, to the

control of violence in social life.
2. existence of reciprocity or mutuality in social life: the conduct of each individual
is not random or haphazard bur reciprocates or complements the conduct of others.
3. Existence predictability in social life: men can act socially only if they know what
to expect of one another. If these expectations are to be fulfilled then they must be
fairly consistent with one another;
4. the fourth meaning which can be attached to the notion of social order is that of
consistenry.
5. The fifth meaning is that of persistence;there can be no predictability and
consistency in social life unless its forms endure.