CYCLE - I Experiment-2

OBSERVATION AND CALCULATIONS

Titration I - Standardization of EDTA
Burette: EDTA solution
Conical Flask: 20 mL of Standard hard water (SHW) + 2-3 mL buffer solution + 2 drops
of EBT
End point: wine-red to steel blue

Volume of standard Burette reading (mL) Volume of EDTA

S. No.
hard water (mL) Initial Final (V1, mL)
1 20 0 19.6 19.6
2 20 0 19.5 19.5
3 20 0 19.6 19.6
Concordant titre
19.6
value

20mL of standard hard water = mL of EDTA

 20 x 1mg of CaCO3 = mL of EDTA

 1mL of EDTA = (20/V1) mg of CaCO3 eqvt.

= mg of CaCO3 eqvt.
Titration II - Estimation of total hardness
Burette: standardized EDTA solution
Conical Flask: 20 mL of HW + one test tube buffer solution + 2 drops of EBT

S. No. Volume of Standard Burette reading (mL) Volume of EDTA

hard water (mL)
Initial Final (V2, mL)
1 20 0 8.7 8.7
2 20 0 8.8 8.8
3 20 0 8.7 8.7
8.7

Concordant titre value

CYCLE - I Experiment-2
 DETEMINATION OF TOTAL, PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY HARDNESS OF
WATER - BY EDTA METHOD

: Date:

Principle:
Hardness of water is due to the presence of calcium and magnesium salts in water.
Ehtylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) forms complexes with a large number of
cations including Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions depending upon pH of the solution. Hence, it is
possible to determine the total hardness of water using EDTA solution. EDTA in the
form of its sodium salt (H 2Y2-) is more often used in place of EDTA in
complexometric titration for estimation of metal ions because pure EDTA (H 4Y) is
sparingly soluble in water. EDTA has six binding sites (the four carboxylate groups
and the two amino groups) providing six pairs of electrons. The resulting metal-
ligand complex, in which EDTA forms a cage-like structure around the metal ion, is
very stable at specific pH. All metal-EDTA complexes have a 1:1 stoichiometry. The
H2Y2- form complexes with metal ions as follows.
M + H2Y2- → MY2- + 2H+ ……… (1)
where, M is Ca2+ and Mg2+ present in water. Reaction (1) can be carried out
quantitatively at pH of 10 using Eriochrome Black T (EBT) indicator. EBT forms a
wine-red complex with M2+ ions which is relatively less stable than the metal-EDTA
complex. On titration EDTA first reacts with free M 2+ ions and then with the metal-
EBT indicator complex. The end point of the reaction is change of colour from wine
red to steel blue.

Requirements

Reagents and solutions: Standard hard water (0.01M or 1000ppm), EDTA

solution, EBT indicator, hard water sample and NH 3-NH4Cl buffer solution.
Apparatus: Burette, pipette, conical flask, standard flask and burette stand
 20mL of given hard water = mL of EDTA
= V2 X 20/V1 mg of CaCO3 eqvt.

V2 X 20 X 1000
1000mL of given hard = mg of CaCO3 eqvt
V1 X 20

V2 X 1000
= mg / L
V1

Total Hardness = V2 X 1000 = ……….. ppm

V1

Titration III - Estimation of Permanent hardness

Burette: Standardized EDTA solution
Conical Flask: 20 mL of boiled and cooled sample water + 2-3mL buffer solution + 2
drops of EBT
End point: wine-red to steel blue

S. No. Volume of standard Burette reading (mL) Volume of EDTA

hard water (mL)
Initial Final (V3, mL)
1 20 0 6.1 6.1
2 20 0 6.2 6.2
3 20 0 6.1 6.1
Concordant titre value 6.1
Procedure

Titration I - Standardization of EDTA

Transfer the given EDTA solution into a clean 250 mL standard flask and make up to
the mark using distill water and use this solution as titrant (burette solution).
Subsequently pipette out 20 mL of the standard calcium ion solution (0.01N) into a
clean 250 mL conical flask. Add 2-3mL of ammonia buffer (NH 4OH – NH4Cl) solution to
maintain the pH around 10. Add three drops of Eriochrome Black – T (EBT) indicator
and titrate the solution against EDTA solution taken in the burette. The end point is
change of color from wine red to steel blue. Repeat the titration for concordant titre
values. Let ‘V1’ be the volume of EDTA consumed.

Titration II - Estimation of total hardness

Pipette out 20 mL of the given sample of hard water into a clean conical flask. Add 2-
3mL of ammonia buffer (NH4OH – NH4Cl) solution and three drops of Eriochrome
Black–T (EBT) indicator. Titrate this mixture against standardized EDTA solution taken
in the burette. The end point is the change of color from wine red to steel blue. Repeat
the titration for concordant titre value. Let ‘V 2’ be the volume of EDTA consumed.

Titration III - Estimation of permanent hardness

Transfer 100 mL of the given sample water into a beaker and boil it gently for 20
minutes. Cool and filter it through a filter paper directly into a 100 mL standard flask.
Make the solution with distilled water upto the mark and mix well. Pipette out 20 mL of
this solution into a clean 250 mL conical flask. Add 2-3mL of ammonia buffer and three
drops of EBT indicator. Titrate this mixture against standardized EDTA solution taken in
the burette. The end point is change of color from wine red to steel blue. Repeat the
titration for concordant titre value. Let ‘V3’ be the volume of EDTA consumed.
20mL of given boiled hard water = mL of EDTA
V3 X 20
= mg of CaCO3 eqvt.
V1

V3 X 20 X 1000
1000 mL of given boiled hard water = mg of CaCO3 eqvt.
V1 X 20

V3
Permanent hardness = ---- X 1000 = mg / L or ppm
V1

Temporary hardness = Total hardness – Permanent hardness

V2 V3
= X 1000 ppm.
V1 V1

V2 – V3
= X 1000 ppm.
V1

= .................. ppm
Result:

The following hardness is present in the given sample hard water:

Total hardness = ppm
Permanent hardness = ppm
Temporary hardness = ppm