12 Health and Safety Guidelines (English) PDF

HEALTH AND SAFETY guidelines
for
TRND & BTS I&C
Version 1.0 ( For internal circulation only)
Note: The content of this document is confidential and can’t be shared, copied or utilized without consent of TNS
© TELECOM NETWORK SOLUTIONS 2003

1
HEALTH & SAFETY
Why is health and safety training important?

Over 200 people are killed each year in
accidents at work and over one million people are injured. Over two
million suffer illnesses caused by, or made worse by, their work.
Preventing accidents and ill health caused by work is a key
priority for everyone at work. As the owner or manager of a business
you know that competent employees are valuable.
Providing health and safety information and training helps you to:
o Ensure your employees are not injured or made ill by the work they do
o Develop a positive health and safety culture, where safe and healthy working becomes
second nature to everyone
o Find out how you could manage health and safety better.
o Meet your legal duty to protect the health and safety of your employees
Effective training:
o Will contribute towards making your employees competent in health and safety.
o can help your business avoid the distress that accidents and ill health cause
o can help you avoid the financial costs of accidents and occupational ill health.
o Don’t forget that your insurance doesn’t cover all these costs.

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HEALTH & SAFETY
Who needs health and safety training?
o You do! Whether you are an employer or self employed

 Up to date with how to identify the hazards and control the risks
from your work?
 Do you know how to get help – from your trade association , your
health and safety enforcing authority?
 Do you know what you have to do about consulting your
employees, or their representatives, on health and safety issues?
o Your managers and supervisors do!

 They need to know what you expect from them in terms of health
and safety, and how you expect them to deliver.
 They need to understand your health and safety policy, where they
fit in, and how you want health and safety managed.
 They may also need training in the specific hazards of
your processes and how you expect the risks to be controlled?
o Your employees do! Everyone who works for you

 They needs to know how to work safely and without risks to health.
 Like your supervisors, they need to know about your health and safety policy, your arrangements for
implementing it, and the part they play.
 They also need to know how they can raise any health and safety concerns with you.

3
HEALTH & SAFETY
What could happen?

4
HEALTH & SAFETY
SOME FACTS ABOUT TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY
Cell phone technology has revolutionized the telecommunication
scenario in India. Due to its several advantages, there are more than 50 crore cell phone users and
nearly 4.4 lakh cell phone towers to meet the communication demand which act as a radiation bomb.
 A cell phone transmits 1 to 2 Watt of power in the frequency range of 890 - 915 MHz (GSM900) which
having a SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) rating. In USA, SAR limit for cell phones is 1.6W/Kg which is
actually for 6 minutes per day usage so per safety margin person should not use cell phone for more than
18 to 24 minutes per day.
o These cell towers transmit radiation 24x7, so people living within 10’s of meters from the tower will
receive 10,000 to 10,000,000 times stronger signal than required for mobile communication.
o A Telecommunication Tower which contain 3-4 operators on the same
roof top or tower can transmit power up to 200 to 400W due to directional
antenna several KW of power may be transmitted in the main
beam direction.
Radiated power density from the cell tower
Power density Pd at a distance R is given by

Pd = Pt * Gt / 4 pie R2
where, Pt = Transmitter power in Watts
Gt = Gain of transmitting antenna
R = Distance from the antenna in meters

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HEALTH & SAFETY
Radiated power density from the cell tower Power density at various distances from
the transmitting tower
For Pt = 20 W, Gt = 17 dB = 50, Pd for
various values of R is given in Table
o The power density values given in Table 1 are for a

single carrier and a single operator. If multiple
carriers are being used and multiple operators are
present on the same roof top or tower,
then the above values will increase manifold.
Radiation norms adopted in different countries
In India, we have adopted radiation norms given by ICNIRP guidelines of 1998 for safe
power density of f/200, where frequency (f) is in MHz Hence, for GSM900 transmitting band (935-960
MHz), power density is 4.7W/m2 and for GSM1800 transmitting band (1810-1880 MHz), it is 9.2W/m2
which was applicable only for single carrier & thermal effect was only considered .
But Now we are using several
several carriers at single tower where non-thermal effect are also health hazardous.
•Building Biology Institute, Germany, provided following guidelines for exposure:
Sr. No Power Density (W/m2 RISK LEVEL
1 <0.1 μW/m2 (0.00001 μW/cm2) No risk
2 0.1 - 10 μW/m2 (0.00001 to 0.001 μW/cm2) Minor risk
3 10 - 1000 μW/m2 (0.001 to 0.1 μW/cm2) Major risk
4 > 1000 μW/m2 ( > 0.1 μW/cm2) Critical risk (Excess Risk)

6
HEALTH & SAFETY
How much microwave power will be absorbed by human body
o Safe radiation level adopted in India of power density = 4.7W/m2 for
GSM900 band,.
o If we model human body as a cylinder, then its area will be 1.436
square meter (average height 5'6" = 1.67 m and waist 34" = 86 cm).
o So, power recd. by human body will be power density x area
= 4.7* 1.436 =6.75 Watts.
o In one hour, microwave energy absorbed will be 6.75 x 3600 = 24.3
KW-sec.
o In one day, microwave energy absorbed will be 24.3x24 =583.2KW /s
o A typical microwave oven has a rating of 700 to 1000 W, and with
say 60% efficiency, microwave power output is approximately 500
o This implies that human body can be safely kept in a microwave oven
for 583.2 KW-sec / 500 W = 1166 seconds = 19 minutes per day.
How many people in the world are willing to put themselves, their
family members, and their unborn children in an open microwave oven for 19 minutes/day?
RF Radiation Measurement at a cancer’s patient residence
Radiation measurements were carried out at USMA apartment in Mumbai,
where cancer had developed in three person within one year of installation of cell tower.
o It was noted that the radiation level is very high and was between – 4 to -10 dbm.
o At 900 MHz, -10 dbm received power is equivalent to 7,068 μw/m2, again implying that safe
radiation norms must be reduced considerably than adopted by India, which is 4.7W/m2 =
4,700,000 μw/m2. Now you can calculate risk factor.

7
HEALTH & SAFETY
Biological effects of microwave radiation
When a human body is exposed to the electromagnetic radiation, it absorbs radiation,
because human body consists of 70% liquid.
Microwave absorption effect is much more significant by the body
parts which contain more fluid (water, blood, etc.), like the brain which consists of about 90% water.
1.The Blood Brain Barrier
The brain is protected by tight junctions between adjacent cells of
capillary walls by the blood brain barrier (BBB), which selectively
lets nutrients pass through from the blood to the brain, but keeps
toxic substances out.
Due to radiation in mobile phones, it can
significantly open the BBB in human and cause leakage of
albumin from blood vessels in inappropriate locations the brain,
which reduce brain reserve capacity & later neural disease.
2.Risk of Brain Tumors to Children
o Children's immune system is not as well developed as adults
hence are less effective against fighting cancer growth.
o When radiation hits the head, it penetrates the skull an adult
(25%), 10 year old (50%) and a 5 year old (75%) causes brain
tumor.
o Brain tumors have now taken over leukemia as the biggest
cause of death amongst children.
KEEP AWAY CELL PHONE FROM YOUR CHILDREN

8
HEALTH & SAFETY
Biological effects of microwave radiation
3.Irreversible infertility
o Recent studies confirm that cell phone radiation can
drastically affect male fertility.
o The average sperm count was found to be at 59 million sperm
per milliliter of seminal fluid compared to 83 million for men
not continually exposed to mobile phone radiation.
it is advisable to never use any wireless
device near reproductive organs.
4.Effect on Skin
EMFs degrade the immune system and stimulate
various allergic and inflammatory responses.
The high radiation from cell towers can result in an
increase in mast cells, which explains the clinical symptoms
of itch, pain, edema and Erythema.
5.Sleep Disorders
o Use of the mobile handsets before bed, delays and reduces
sleep, and causes headaches, confusion and depression.
o Children and teenagers use cell phones at night and also keep
the phone next to their head, which may lead to mood and
personality changes, depression, lack of concentration and poor
academic performance.

9
HEALTH & SAFETY
Recommended Suggestion to protect from mobile
radiation
For Government & Mobile Operator

o Govt. should recommend that maximum cumulative power density
allowed should be reduced with immediate effect to 0.1 W/m², which
should then be subsequently reduced to 0.01 W/m² within a year.
o Operator should have more numbers of cell towers with lesser

transmitted power that will not require power hungry amplifier. RADIATION MEASUREMENT
o People must be informed about the harmful radiation effects
o Repeaters or signal enhancers or boosters may have to be installed

where signal is weak
o Power density inside residential or office buildings, schools,

hospitals, and at common frequently visited places should be within
these guidelines.
o Radiation measurements must be monitored continuously, so that

operators should not increase the transmitted power during the
peak period.

10
HEALTH & SAFETY
Recommended Suggestion to protect from mobile radiation
For Mobile user
o Don’t use cell phone more than 24 minutes per day.
o Keep away your cell phone from children’s
o Pregnant Lady should not use cell phone.
o Reside at least 400m away from cell tower.
o Use head phone and keep away cell phone from your
body during conversation and data downloading
o Don’t put cell next to head on bed.
o Don’t put your cell phone near reproductive organs.
o Don’t stand in front of running GSM antenna at the time

of installation and commissioning.
o Don’t use your cell phone in hospital premises.

11
HEALTH & SAFETY
What is Personal Protective Equipment ?
Devices used to protect an employees from injury or
illness resulting from contact with chemical , radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical, or other
workplace hazards.
Why Personal Protective Equipment ?

12
HEALTH & SAFETY
Personal Protective Equipment SAFETY SHOES
o Used For foot & Slippery
SAFETY HELMET :
protection
o Used for Head Protection
o Steel-toed foot wear, is used
o Helmet must be worn in areas
to protect feet from crushing
around or where there is a
injuries caused by heavy objects
potential for falling objects.
o Slip resistant soles
o Helmet must be worn where
o Protection against punctures
your head is exposed to
and penetration
electricity.
o Inspect for cuts, tears, cracks,
o Must be Class A or Class B
worn soles and other damage
SAFETY HARNESS
o It is body support for fall SAFETY GLOVES
arrest purpose which consist o Gloves are used for hand
of shoulder strap ,Sit strap protection which are different
and thigh strap with D-ring to types that protect you from
support the full body during different hazards.
work positioning. o Inspect your gloves routinely for
o The width of sit strap & shoulder holes and cracks.
strap should be more than 40 o Discard your gloves at any sign
mm & length of lanyard should of deterioration.
not be more than 2m. o After use, clean and allow to dry

13
HEALTH & SAFETY
Personal Protective Equipment
SAFETY GOGGLES
o Safety glasses are used to protect
the eyes from Laser, ray that comes
from different source.
o It should fit comfortably, without
pinching the nose or causing
pressure on the head.
o Eyewear should not distort or block
your vision.
HEARING PROTECTION
o Used to protect ear drum
o Ear plugs & Ear Muffs are used
for Ear Protection
o Noise induced hearing loss can
occur with exposures > 90 dba
o Higher levels of noise exposure
have shorter allowable exposure
times

14
HEALTH & SAFETY
8.Electrical Work
1.E.M.F Survey 7.Microwave antenna

Alignments
2. LOS Survey
Project Work 6. RF Cable
installation
3.R.F Survey
5 .BTS I & C
4. Drive Test

15
HEALTH & SAFETY
Safety Guidelines During E.M.F survey
P.P.E Required
1. Safety Shoes
2. Full Body Safety Harness
3. Safety Helmet
Safety Guidelines
o Make sure You are having Required Personal Protective Equipment
o You must have access order for that particular site
o Inspect overall site visually
o In case of G.B.T site at the time of measuring corner distance , make sure
that there is no poisonous insect, snakes are there , probality is more in
case of rural area.
o Don’t touch out door Equipment as D.G , Outdoor B.T.S with Bare hand.
o In case of RTT site don’t stand on the EDGE of roof during Measurement ,
Chances of falling is maximum.
o Before standing on the EDGE of roof , please make sure that roof railing is
rigid and tough enough.
o During measurement of Outdoor Platform in D.G running condition make
sure that door of D.G is properly closed.
Don’t

16
HEALTH & SAFETY
Safety Guidelines During E.M.F survey
Safety Guidelines
o Before climbing tower ensure that you have worn PPE.
o Check the condition of ladder i.e is it tough enough & rigidly fixed
with ground.
o Check for Bird’s Nest on the platform of tower , Bird’s may attack on
your eyes.
o In case of adverse weather condition like thunderstorm, rain,
cyclone, etc, no climbing / working on tower / height is permitted
o Also Check the grounding of tower .
o During climbing up , position of chest & leg should be vertical to Do’s
reduce immediate fatigue.
o Always stands on the platform of tower.
o First Fix the lanyards in vertical position on the tower than starts
taking snaps
o Don’t try to stand in front of G.S.M or Microwave antenna, radiation
can hazardous for you.
o Make sure that You are not standing in front of G.S.M / Microwave
antenna of another site within 10m radius.
o Get Down slowly from tower via ladder.
o Don’t jump from the ladder of tower.
o Don’t touch any equipment if you are not trained. Don’t stand in front of
o DON’T THINK AS SUPERMAN / SPIDERMAN !!! another tower

17
HEALTH & SAFETY
Safety Guidelines During Microwave Survey
AIM P.P.E Required

1. Personal Safety 1. Safety Shoes
2. Equipment Safety 2. Full Body Safety Harness
3. Safety Helmet
Safety Guidelines Microwave Survey
o Make sure You are having Required Personal Protective Equipment
o You must have access order for both site
o Inspect overall site visually.
o Before climbing tower ensure that you have worn PPE.
o Check the condition of ladder i.e is it tough enough & rigidly fixed
with ground.
o Check for Bird’s Nest on the platform of tower , Bird’s may attack on
your eyes.
o In case of adverse weather condition like thunderstorm, rain,
cyclone, etc, no climbing / working on tower / height is permitted
o Also Check the grounding of tower .
o During climbing up , position of chest & leg should be vertical to Anchor lanyard while
reduce immediate fatigue. working on tower
o Always stands on the platform of tower.
o Hang the Binocular & Camera around your neck while climbing up tower

18
HEALTH & SAFETY
Safety Guidelines During Microwave survey
Safety Guidelines
o Don’t try to stand in front of G.S.M or Microwave antenna,
radiation can hazardous for you.
o While finding LOS point ,since you are travelling so do follow traffic
rule.
o Don’t let talk your driver on mobile while driving.
o Don’t over speed your vehicle. Don’t
o Use seat belt while driving.
LOS SURVEY
AREA OF ACCIDENT
FALL FROM TOWER USE PPE
PREVENTIVE ACTION
ROAD ACCIDENT OBEY TRAFFIC RULES

19
HEALTH & SAFETY
Safety Guidelines During Drive Test
AIM
1. Personal Safety
2. Equipment Safety
Safety Guidelines
o All employees/contractors working for TNS, must not Drive Test
drive under the influence of alcohol or illegal drugs
o All employees/contractors working for TNS must not
work under the influence of drugs over the legal limit where
this impairs the individuals ability to performance tasks.
o Do not get into a car where the driver has consumed alcohol,
however little it is.
o Ensure that the driver is not fatigued, intoxicated or under
medication
o Always use Seat Belt while drive test & assist driver to use
seat belt
o Ensure your speed of car is not more than 30-40 Km/hr.
o During drive test on express highway always use service
lane.
o Ensure that car is equipped with fire extinguisher.

20
HEALTH & SAFETY
Safety Guidelines During Drive Test
o Do not use a hand held phone whilst driving , and only make calls
by pulling over or using hands free devices when it is safe to do so
o Do not send or receive texts/pictures while driving
o If you are using car charger for laptop charging , it may blast
due to overheating.
o Do follow the traffic rules.
o Maintain the gap as well as speed & stop distance. Don’t smoke while driving
o During lane changes

 Check to make sure there is enough room.
 Signal your intentions.
 Check your blind spot and space again.
 Make the lane change.
o Ensure Hand break is working properly
o During Backing Know the meaning of sign

Look at your path.
 Back slowly.
 Back to the driver’s side when possible.
 Use a helper when possible.
DO REMEMBER
o 40,000 people die each year
o 115 people who leave home today will never return

21
HEALTH & SAFETY
Safety Guidelines During B.T.S Installation
AIM P.P.E Required
3. Safety Helmet
4. Safety Gloves
5. Safety Goggles
Safety Guidelines :- Use ESD strip
o Ensure that you are having all prescribed PPE
o You are having work permit order for site
o You are having material check list.
o During unloading B.T.S from transport make sure lifting rigging is
tough enough
o During Lifting B.T.S don’t walk under the hoisted load. .
o Team leader / supervisor shall inspect the lifting devices & safety
harness, equipment worn by person, before allowing them to climb
the tower / height.
o While lifting the load, make sure that angle between strap is not
more then 90° at a point where they are attached to lifting device.
o Before Entering make sure that Shelter is properly grounded &
Insulating Mat is in good condition.
o Use Safety goggles while drilling.

22
HEALTH & SAFETY
Safety Guidelines During B.T.S Installation
Safety Guidelines :-
o During Cabinet installation maintain proper gap from both side of
shelter.
o While installing card use E.S.D strip to protect card from discharge
current.
o Insert the power cable as per color & rating in to specified M.C.B.
o Check the availability of Fire Extinguisher at site.
o Check the condition of fire & Smoke Sensor.
o Don’t route transmission cable with power cable. Check condition of rope
o Do Labeling to show the polarity of power cable. & lift lug
o Insert the Card in their specified slot otherwise it may be
malfunctioning.
o No Sparking should be there in laptop charging A.C plug.
o Before providing power supply ,check the grounding of B.T.S
(< 2 ohm) otherwise there might be chances of fire.
o Tight the Power Lug at B.T.S end & M.C.B at D.C.D.B properly to
remove any chances of short circuit.
o Use conduit pipe to route power cable of outdoor B.T.S.
o Grounding of B.T.S should be connected to Internal grounding bar.
o In case of fire in B.T.S first disconnect the power supply from
S.M.P.S and than use fire Extinguisher .
o Immediately call to site supervisor & coordinator

23
HEALTH & SAFETY
Safety Guidelines During Feeder cable installation
AIM P.P.E Required

3. Safety Helmet
4. Safety Gloves
Don’t
Safety Guidelines : -
o While climbing up Tower follow all guidelines that described in
previous slide.
o During unrolling feeder cable be careful.
o Don’ use knife to cut the feeder cable .
o Check the condition of rope & Pulley before using it.
o Pulley should be fixed in vertical position of tower structure.
o Use full body safety harness with all prescribed PPE. Do
o First fix Feeder cable with clamp than loose rope.
o Always keep 3 points of contact (2 feet & 1 hand or 2 hand & 1
foot), when climbing / working on ladder to reduce risk of falling.
o Always anchor lanyard while grounding feeder cable.
Use Gloves& helmet

24
HEALTH & SAFETY
Safety Guidelines During IDU & Microwave antenna installation & Alignment
AIM P.P.E Required

3. Safety Helmet
4. Safety Gloves
5. Safety Goggles
Fix rope tightly
o You are having work permit order for site
o You are having material check list.
o Do Follow all guidelines for climbing up tower as discussed Earlier
o During IDU installation
 First check the grounding of Transmission rack
 During fixing nut , support IDU from back side otherwise there is
probability of falling.
 Fix the IDU grounding in IGB than provide the power supply with
specify rating. Do anchor Lanyard
 Power cable should be properly labeled .
o During commissioning always use safety goggles , because Optical
ray coming from STM port may be harmful for eyes.

25
HEALTH & SAFETY
Safety Guidelines During IDU & Microwave antenna installation & Alignment
o Check strength of rope & pulley before antenna installation
o Fix the pulley vertically while moving up microwave antenna
o During routing & Grounding of IF cable always use PPE & do
follow safety guidelines.
o Check A.C power socket for sparking while using soldering iron
o Switch on power supply of IDU after installation of Microwave
antenna from both end
o During alignment use full body safety harness & anchor lanyards
o Fix multimeter on tower by using tape.
o Check the link budget & prove power supply accordingly
because too much Tx power may badly affect.
o Take minimum alignment time because you are in front of
Microwave antenna getting Maximum Radiation.
o Don’t insert card in IDU In running condition , may cause of fire.
Check for any sparking from

A.C socket

26
HEALTH & SAFETY
Safety Guidelines while working with Batteries
AIM P.P.E Required

2. Equipment Safety 2. Safety Gloves
3. Safety Goggles
4. Protective Cloth
Safety Guidelines :-.
Tight Battery port Properly
o Power supply to equipment shall be switched off if feasible or
equipment is damp inside & caution board to be placed on
main switch stating “ Do not switch on – Person at work”.
o Metallic items like wrist watch, rings, bracelet, chains etc to be
removed to prevent accidental short circuiting.
o Upper pockets of shirt / jackets shall not have any metallic
items like coin, pen etc.
o Insulated tools to be used while working with live systems.
o Tools can be insulated by covering / wrapping with insulation
tape.
o Suitable shoes / sandals/ slipper of rubber sole to be worn
while working with electrical system, to provide insulation
between foot & ground.

27
HEALTH & SAFETY
Safety Guidelines while working with Batteries
o Batteries may give off explosive gases, hence battery
area must be adequately ventilated (E.g. keep doors
open) & protected from fire.
o Don’t smoke in front of batteries
o Battery can leak electrolyte, if improperly handled. Hence
use the requisite protective equipment .
o Electrolyte in contact with skin / eyes can cause injury.
o In that case rinse the affected area with water & seek
medical attention immediately.
o Before connecting on power supply check grounding
cable with specified rating
o Don’t provide power supply from battery bank port.
o Battery terminals should be covered with insulated plastic
cap
o Ensure the tightness of the Terminal bolts with Torque
Wrench, at 10 Nm
o Always wear acid resistant hand gloves while operating
with battery.
o Disconnect battery negative lead first & reconnect it last.

28
HEALTH & SAFETY
Safety Guidelines During Electrical work
AIM P.P.E Required

2. Equipment Safety 2. Safety Gloves
o Person working on electrical & power system shall be qualified &
trained.
o Power supply to equipment shall be switched off
o Metallic items like wrist watch, rings, bracelet, chains etc to be removed to
prevent accidental short circuiting.
o Upper pockets of shirt / jackets shall not have any metallic items like coin,
pen etc.
o Insulated tools to be used while working with live systems. Tools can be
Insulated by covering / wrapping with insulation tape.
o Suitable shoes / sandals/ slipper of rubber sole to be worn while working
with electrical system, to provide insulation between foot & ground.
o Earthling of equipments to be insured & verified before connecting power /
working with internal electrical systems.
o Electrical powered tools like drill machine etc shall be used in accordance
with manufacturer operating & safety guidelines.
o Check before if there are any concealed power cables in the wall / floor /
equipment, where you need to drill. In that case no drilling is allowed.

29
HEALTH & SAFETY
DO'S DONT’S
1. Don't close any switches unless you are familiar with the
1. Place men working sign boards on all switches
circuit which controls and know the reason for its being kept
before commencing work
open.
2. Don't touch or tamper with any electrical gear or
2. Ensure that all the controlling switches are opened
conductor. Unless you have made sure it is Dead and
and locked or the fuse withdrawn before working on
Earthed. High voltage apparatus may give leakage shock or
any circuit or apparatus.
flash over even without touching
3. Treat circuit as alive until they are proved to be 3. Don't test a circuit with bare fingers or hand or other make
dead. shift devices to determine whether or not it is alive.
4. Turn away your face whenever an arc or a flash is 4. Don't close or open a switch or fuse slowly or
expected. hesitatingly. Do it quickly, positively and firmly.
5. Make sure, when using fire hose, that the jet of
5. Don't use a ladder without a lashing rope otherwise the
water breaks into a fine contact with live electrical
ladder should be held firmly by another person.
apparatus.
6. Discharge to earth thoroughly all cables before
6. Don't be haste and careless. This cause many accidents.
working on the cores.
7. Don't throw water on live electric equipment in case of
7. Do test rubber gloves periodically.
fire. It is dangerous.
8. Do place rubber mats in front of electrical switch 8. Don't use fire extinguishers on electrical equipment
boards. unless it is clearly marked as suitable for that purpose.
9. Don't work on a pole or elevated position when line is
9. Make sure that all employees are familiar with the alive, without safety belt and rubber gloves and unless a
location and use of fire fighting apparatus. competent person stands on the ground nearby to direct
operations and give warning.
10. Check fire extinguishers periodically to ensure
10. Don't go near running belts and machines.
that they are all in good conditions.

30
HEALTH & SAFETY
First aid in case of Electrical shock
o Don’t touch victim skin with bare hand until the source of electric supply
has been switched off.
o Switch off the power supply
o Stand on dry insulating material & pull the victim clear of the conductor
o If victim is breathing , turn victim in to recovery position. Don’t touch electric wire
o Open the Airway
Tilt the victims head back & lift the chain upward.
Remove object from Mouth or throat Including
false teeth , tobacco & chewing gum
o Breathing
Check that victim is breathing by looking
listening & feeling for breath
Open the airway
o If No breathing but pulse is present
1. Pinch the victim’s nose firmly

2. Take a deep breath & seal your lips around the
victim’s lips.
3. Blow slowly in to the mouth watching for chest
to rise. Let the chest fall completely. Give the breath
rate 10 per minute.
4. Check for pulse after every 10 breaths.
5. When breathing restarts, place the victim in to recovery
position

31
HEALTH & SAFETY
First aid in case of Electrical shock
o If No breathing & No pulse
1. Call or telephone for medical help.
2. Give two breaths & starts chest compression as follow
3.Place heel of hand 2 fingers breadth above ribcage/
breastbone junction.
4. Place other hand on top & Interlock fingers.
5. Keeps arm straight, press down 4-5 cm at rate of
15 times per minute.
6. Repeat cycle ( 2 breaths & 15 compression ) until
medical help takes over.
7. If condition improves confirm pulse continue with
breaths. check for pulse after every 10 breaths.
8. When breathing restarts place victim into recovery
position
o Recovery Position
1. Turn the victim on to the side.
2. Keep the Head tilted with Jaw forward to maintain the
open airway
3. Make sure that victim can’t roll forwards & Backwards.
4. Check for breathing & Pulse regularly. If either stops
process as above.

32
What is fire
A rapid chemical reaction.

The self-sustaining process
of rapid oxidation of a fuel,
which produces
heat and light

33
Classifications of fire
Class A or Ordinary
Combustibles,
This includes fuels such
as wood, paper, plastic,
rubber, and cloth.

34
Class B or Flammable and

Combustible Liquids and Gases
This includes all hydrocarbon

and alcohol based liquids and
gases that will support combustion.

35
Class C or Electrical
This includes all fires involving

energized electrical equipment.

36
Class D
or Combustible Metals
D
Examples of these types of metals are:
zirconium, titanium, potassium, and
magnesium.

37
Types of Fire Extinguishers
Different types of fire extinguishers are designed to fight different classes of

fire.
The 3 most common types of fire extinguishers are:
1. Water (APW)
2. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
3. Dry Chemical (ABC, BC, DC)

38
1. Water (APW) Fire Extinguishers
Large silver fire extinguishers that stand about 2 feet tall

and weigh about 25 pounds when full.
APW stands for “Air-Pressurized Water.”
APW’s are designed for Class A fires only:

Wood, paper, cloth.
Using water on a flammable liquid fire could cause the fire

to spread.
Using water on an electrical fire increases the risk of

electrocution. If you have no choice but to use an APW
on an electrical fire, make sure the electrical equipment is
un-plugged or de-energized.

39
2. Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers
The pressure in a CO2 extinguisher is so great, bits

of dry ice may shoot out of the horn!
CO2 cylinders are red. They range in size from 5
lbs to 100 lbs or larger. On larger sizes, the horn
will be at the end of a long, flexible hose
Carbon dioxide is a non-flammable gas that takes
away the oxygen element of the fire triangle. Without
oxygen, there is no fire
CO2’s are designed for Class B and C (Flammable
Liquids and Electrical Sources) fires only!

40
3. Dry Chemical (ABC) Fire Extinguishers
Dry chemical extinguishers come in a variety of

types…
Dry chemical extinguishers put out fire by coating
the fuel with a thin layer of dust. This separates the
fuel from the oxygen in the air.
You may see them labeled:

DC (for “Dry Chemical”)
ABC (can be used on Class A, B, or C fires)
BC (designed for use on Class B and C fires)
An “ABC” extinguisher will have a label like this,

indicating it may be used on Class A, B and C fires.

41
How to use fire extinguisher

42
It’s easy to remember how to use a fire extinguisher if you

remember the acronym PASS:
 Pull
 Aim
 Squeeze
 Sweep

43
Pull the pin…
This will allow you to discharge

the extinguisher

44
Aim at the base of the fire…
Hit the fuel.

If you aim at the flames...
… the extinguishing agent will fly

right through and do no good.

45
Squeeze the top handle…
• This depresses a button that

releases the pressurized
extinguishing agent.

46
Sweep from side to side…
.. until the fire is completely

out.
Start using the extinguisher from a
safe distance away, then slowly
move forward.
Once the fire is out, keep an eye on
the area in case it re-ignites.

47
FIRE SAFETY PRACTICES DO’S & DON’TS

48
FIRE SAFETY PRACTICES DO’S & don’tS
Sr No FIRE Safety Practices
DO NOT use cardboard boxes, wooden crates or other Receptacles that are
made of combustible material as makeshift rubbish bins in your shelter.
1
DO provide and use proper rubbish bins, preferably those made of non-
combustible material like material.
DO NOT smoke in "NO SMOKING "areas.
2
DO observe "NO SMOKING" rule strictly in your premises.
DO NOT uses candles or other naked flames for lighting purposes especially
3 during a power failure.
DO make available battery operated portable torches as backup.
DO NOT use dirty or greasy equipment during your installation work.

4
Do have the equipment cleaned and service regularly.
DO NOT paint over smoke/Heat detectors and sprinkler heads or hang object on
them.
5
DO ensure the detectors and sprinkler heads are not painted over or obstructed
with objects.

49
FIRE SAFETY PRACTICES DO’S & DONT’S
Sr
Fire Safety Practices
No.
DO NOT leave food or other edibles accessible to rats.
6
DO ensure food and other edibles ahas been removed from shelter.
DO NOT put any liquid or things that is flammable or combustible near an electrical
switch board.
7
DO ensure that electrical switch board are kept clear of flammable substances and
liquids.
DO NOT leave heavy machinery operating or running unattended during
installation/ up gradation works.
8
DO ensure that machines that are in use are tended at all times by technicians.
DO NOT use electrical equipment that has poor wiring such as frayed cables and
loose connections.
9
DO ensure the wiring is in good condition and for any defect, get a licensed
electrician to check and rectify it immediately.
DO NOT allow electrical fittings works to be carried out by nonqualified or
10 unauthorized personnel.
DO engage licensed electricians for all electrical fitting works.

50
Fire Response
 Notification or alarm
 Retrieve a fire extinguisher
 Assess the situation
 Call for outside emergency assistance if necessary
 If fighting a fire, continually evaluate for the necessity of evacuation

51
Alarms
 Yell for help
 Main alarm system
 Backup alarm
 Fire suppression system will automatically signal an alarm to the fire
department

52
Emergency Numbers
 Fire Department
 Police Department
 Ambulance
 Medical Clinic
 Hospital
 Site supervisor

53
Making That “Right” Decision
To use a Portable Fire Extinguisher
 You are trained in the use of

extinguishers.
 You know what is burning.
 Fire is not spreading rapidly.
 Smoke and heat has not filled the area.
 You have a clear path of escape.
 Follow your instincts.

54
Personal protective equipment required for fire
fightening
• Safety helmet
• Safety cloth
• Shoes
• Safety gloves
• Safety glass

55
You are not expected
to be firefighters!
Do not take unnecessary risks!

56

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HEALTH AND SAFETY guidelines

© TELECOM NETWORK SOLUTIONS 2003

Why is health and safety training important?

© TELECOM NETWORK SOLUTIONS 2003

o You do! Whether you are an employer or self employed

o Your managers and supervisors do!

o Your employees do! Everyone who works for you

© TELECOM NETWORK SOLUTIONS 2003

© TELECOM NETWORK SOLUTIONS 2003

Radiated power density from the cell tower

Power density Pd at a distance R is given by

© TELECOM NETWORK SOLUTIONS 2003

o The power density values given in Table 1 are for a

© TELECOM NETWORK SOLUTIONS 2003

© TELECOM NETWORK SOLUTIONS 2003

© TELECOM NETWORK SOLUTIONS 2003

© TELECOM NETWORK SOLUTIONS 2003

For Government & Mobile Operator

o Operator should have more numbers of cell towers with lesser

o People must be informed about the harmful radiation effects

o Repeaters or signal enhancers or boosters may have to be installed

o Power density inside residential or office buildings, schools,

o Radiation measurements must be monitored continuously, so that

© TELECOM NETWORK SOLUTIONS 2003

o Pregnant Lady should not use cell phone.

o Reside at least 400m away from cell tower.

o Don’t put cell next to head on bed.

o Don’t put your cell phone near reproductive organs.

o Don’t stand in front of running GSM antenna at the time

o Don’t use your cell phone in hospital premises.

© TELECOM NETWORK SOLUTIONS 2003

Why Personal Protective Equipment ?

© TELECOM NETWORK SOLUTIONS 2003

© TELECOM NETWORK SOLUTIONS 2003

© TELECOM NETWORK SOLUTIONS 2003

1.E.M.F Survey 7.Microwave antenna

© TELECOM NETWORK SOLUTIONS 2003

© TELECOM NETWORK SOLUTIONS 2003

© TELECOM NETWORK SOLUTIONS 2003

AIM P.P.E Required

© TELECOM NETWORK SOLUTIONS 2003

FALL FROM TOWER USE PPE

ROAD ACCIDENT OBEY TRAFFIC RULES

© TELECOM NETWORK SOLUTIONS 2003

© TELECOM NETWORK SOLUTIONS 2003

o During lane changes

o During Backing Know the meaning of sign

© TELECOM NETWORK SOLUTIONS 2003

© TELECOM NETWORK SOLUTIONS 2003

© TELECOM NETWORK SOLUTIONS 2003

AIM P.P.E Required

Use Gloves& helmet

© TELECOM NETWORK SOLUTIONS 2003

AIM P.P.E Required

© TELECOM NETWORK SOLUTIONS 2003

Check for any sparking from

© TELECOM NETWORK SOLUTIONS 2003

AIM P.P.E Required