Reach For The Stars: Vocabulary

Unit 1 3rd Reach For The Stars 1st Hello English
Vocabulary
launch ‫ قمر‬/ ‫ انطالق (صاروخ‬/ ‫يطلق‬ route ‫طريق‬ side effects ‫أثار جانبية‬
leak ‫ تسرب‬/ ‫ تسريب‬/ ‫يتسرب‬ deaf ‫أصم‬ expert ‫خبير‬
mission ‫مهمة‬ lift ‫ مصعد‬/ ‫يرفع‬ magic feeling ‫شعور سحري‬
temperature ‫درجة حرارة‬ space station ‫محطة فضاء‬ below ‫أسفل‬
location ‫موقع‬ summer holiday ‫إجازة الصيف‬ cost ‫تكلفة‬
almost ‫تقريبا‬ stand still ‫يبقي ساكن‬ examine ‫يفحص‬
anniversary ‫ذكري سنوية‬ transport ‫نقل و مواصالت‬ look like ‫يشبه‬
organization ‫منظمة‬ probably ‫من المحتمل‬ improve ‫يحسن‬
predict ‫يتنبأ‬ spokes ‫أسالك‬ satellite ‫قمر صناعي‬
predictions ‫تنبأت‬ plan ‫خطة‬ global warming ‫االحتباس‬
spin ‫تدور‬ walk round ‫يتجول‬ mobile phone ‫الحراري‬
‫التليفون‬
spinning wheel ‫العجلة الدوارة‬ control ‫ تحكم‬/ ‫يتحكم‬ repair ‫المحمولإصالح‬
/ ‫يصلح‬
gravity ‫جاذبية‬ wheel ‫عجلة‬ patient ‫مريض‬
weightless ‫بال وزن‬ mystery ‫سر‬ space walk ‫المشي في‬
horrible ‫رهيب‬ far away ‫بعيدا‬ password ‫السر‬‫الفضاء‬
‫كلمة‬
astronaut ‫رائد فضاء‬ secret ‫سر‬ fuel pump ‫مضخة وقود‬
treatment ‫عالج‬ system ‫نظام‬ sat-nav ‫المالحة عن طريق القمر‬
look down ‫ينظر ألسفل‬ well-trained ‫مدرب جيدا‬ system
drill ‫الصناعي‬
‫حفر‬ / ‫ثقب‬
gymnastics ‫رياضة بدنية‬ equipment ‫معدات‬ steam ‫ باخرة‬/ ‫بخار‬
disadvantage ‫عيب‬ space walk ‫السير في الفضاء‬ arrangements ‫سفر‬
‫ترتيبات‬
technology ‫تكنولوجيا‬ do sports ‫ الرياضة‬e‫ممارسة‬ keep fit ‫يبقي الئقا بدنيا‬
exploration ‫استكشاف مكان‬ representative ‫ ممثل‬/ ‫مندوب‬ currently ‫حاليا‬
instant ‫فوري‬ queue up ‫يصطف‬ compare ‫يقارن‬
communication ‫اتصاالت‬ rocket ‫صاروخ‬ vowel sounds ‫أصوات‬
climate change ‫تغير المناخ‬ orbit ‫ تدور‬/ ‫مدار‬ intention ‫متحركة‬ ‫نية‬
exciting ‫مثير‬ distance e‫مسافة‬ radio programme ‫برنامج راديو‬
air-conditioning ‫التكييف‬ zero gravity ‫معدوم الجاذبية‬ world tourism ‫السياحة العالمية‬
replace ‫يستبدل‬ space holidays ‫رحالت الفضاء‬ questionnaire ‫استبيان‬
replacements ‫بدائل‬ space ship ‫سفينة فضاء‬ take turn ‫يأخذ بدوره‬
a diplomatic ‫مهمة دبلوماسية‬ outer space ‫الفضاء الخارجي‬ a rescue mission ‫مهمة إنقاذ‬
mission
a political system ‫نظام سياسي‬ a vast area e‫ شاسعة‬e‫مساحة‬ humanitarian mission ‫مهمة إنسانية‬
a grave violation ‫انتهاك خطير‬ highly beneficial ‫مفيد للغاية‬ reveal a secret ‫يُفشي سر‬
mutual benefit ‫فائدة متبادلة‬ a space shuttle ‫مكوك فضاء‬ distance learning ‫التعلم عن بعد‬
benefit the economy ‫يفيد االقتصاد‬ arable land ‫أرض قابلة‬ maximum benefit ‫فائدة قصوى‬
‫للزراعة‬
Reading
July 2009 was the 40th anniversary of man first walking on the Moon. Ever since that day, we have been
promised that holidays in space are not far away. Now a representative for the World Tourism Organisation predicts
that, in the next ten years, people will be queuing to book their holidays in space. They will fly by rocket to a space
station which will be orbiting the Earth at a height of 320 kilometres – that is about the same as the distance from
Cairo to El-Minya. The space station itself will be like a giant spinning wheel with spokes like a bike wheel. There will
be two kinds of spokes: those with ordinary gravity and those with zero gravity for weightless sports.
Some people who are interested in space holidays are worried that, as space tourists, they will suffer from the same
horrible side effects as astronauts have suffered from, but experts say that there are now treatments for most side
effects.
Just think about such a holiday in space. Everyone who has travelled in space has described the magical
feeling of looking down on the Earth as it spins below you. It will be impossible to go shopping or go for a walk, but
think of the fun you can have with weightless football or weightless gymnastics.
For most people, the main disadvantage at the moment is the cost of space holidays. Currently, the cost of a holiday
is very high. But like everything else, the more people want to do something, the cheaper it will become. So, if you are
interested, start saving now.
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Language Notes
arrive reach get to

arrive ( in – at )
He arrived in Cairo. ‫يصـل مكـان كبيـر‬ 
He arrived at the airport. ‫يصـل مكـان صغيـر‬ 
When did they arrive ? ‫بـدون حـرف جـر‬ 
reach + object ‫يصـل بـدون حـرف جـر‬ 
He reached the airport. ‫يصـل مكـان صغيـر‬ 
They reached Cairo. ‫يصـل مكـان كبيـر‬ 
get to ) ‫يصــل إلى ( بصعــوبة‬ 
They get to Cairo. They got to Cairo airport
souvenir memory memorial anniversary

souvenir ‫ هدية تذكارية‬
Tourists always buy souvenirs from Khan ElKhalili.
memory ‫ الذاكـرة‬
My mobile has 1GB card memory
memory ‫ ذكـري‬
We have good and bad memories.
memorial ‫ نُصُب تذكاري‬
The wall was built as a memorial to soldiers who died in Vitnam.
anniversary ‫ ذكري سنوية‬
They celebrated their twentieth wedding anniversary yesterday.
invent discover explore

invent ‫ يخترع شىء جديد لم يكن موجود من قبل‬
Edison invented the electrical lamb.
discover ‫ يكتشف شىء كان موجـود ولكنة غير معروف‬
Newten discovered gravity.
explore ‫ يستكشف شىء غريب و يعرف شىء عنه‬
It is said that Columbus landed on America and explored it .
reform repair
reform ) ‫ إصالح ( نظام ـ مؤسسة‬
Our country is in a bad need of essential economic reforms.
repair ) ‫ إصالح ـ ترميم ( شئ أو مبنى‬
The building is in need of repair.
They agreed to pay the costs of any repair.
wonder wander
wonder ‫يتعجب‬ ‫ يتساءل ـ‬
I wondered if I would be invited to the party.
wander ‫ يتجول‬
We wandered about the city square, and window-shopping.
Everyone / everybody / someone / somebody / no one / nobody / person

:‫ الحظ استخدام فعل مفرد مع الكلمات اآلتية ولكن عند اإلشارة إليها بضمير نستخدم ضمير جمع‬
Everyone benefits from space technology in their everyday lives.
Everyone has their own ideas about the best way to bring up children.
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affect = have an effect on
affect ‫ يؤثـر علـى‬
Smoking affects health badly.
effect ‫ تأثيـر‬
Smoking has a bad effect on health.
‫ أحيانا تُستخدم كفعل بمعني يُحدث أو يسبب‬
He effected several changes in the company.
everyday every day

everyday (adj.) ‫ تستخدم ككلمة واحدة بمعني يومي وهي في هذه الحالة صفة‬
The problems of everyday life have no end. ‫الحياة اليومية‬
every day (adv.) .‫ تستخدم ككلمتان منفصلتان بمعني كل يوم وهي في هذه الحالة حال‬
He watches TV. every day.
plane glider shuttle rocket spaceship

plane ‫ طائرة بمحرك‬
We always travel abroad by plane.
glider ‫ طائرة شراعية بدون محرك‬
A glider can fly without an engine.
shuttle ‫ مكوك فضاء‬
A shuttle can travel into space and return to Earth more than once.
rocket ‫ صاروخ‬
Astronauts will fly by rockets to a space station.
spaceship ‫ سفينة فضاء‬
A spaceship can travel to space.
orbit spin
orbit ‫ يدور حول شئ‬
Satellites orbit the earth.
spin ‫ يدور بسرعة جدا‬
A washing machine fan spins to clean clothes.
destination location site

destination ) ‫ مكان الوصول ( المكان المقصود‬
Our luggage was checked all the way through to our final destination.
location ‫ موقع‬
What is the exact location of the ship.
site ‫ موقـع على االنترنت‬/ ‫ بنـاء‬/ ‫ موقـع أثـرى‬
Abu Simble is the site of two temples south of Aswan.
launch shoot erupt revolt

launch ‫ يطلق قمر صناعى‬
Egypt launched two satellites.
shoot ) e......... ‫ يطلق النار من ( مسدس ـ بندقية‬
The soldiers shot the mad dog.
erupt ) ‫ يثور ـ ينفجر ( بركان‬
The volcano erupted and caused a lot of damage.
revolt ) ‫ يثور على ( وضع ـ نظام‬
Teenagers always revolt against parental discipline.
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cause reason
cause ‫ يسبـب‬
What caused the fire?
cause of +‫اسـم‬ ‫ سبـب‬
What was the cause of the fire?
reason with ‫ يحاول إقـناع ـ يتجـادل مـع‬
I reasoned with him for hours, but I couldn't make him change his mind.
reason out ‫ يستنتج منطقيا ـ يقنع بالمنطق‬
Reason it out for yourself.
reason for + ‫اسـم‬ ‫ داع ـ مبـرر ـ سبب‬
Can you give the reason for leaving ?
The reason why + ‫جمــلة كامــلة‬
Is there a reason why you can't come?
start
start by + (v + ing) ‫ يبدأ بـ‬
Can you start by telling us your name?
start by + ( noun ‫) اسـم‬ 
The speaker started with a description of his journey to China.
spend
spend + time + (v+ing) ‫ يقضى‬
I spent yesterday morning playing tennis.
spend ‫ ينفق ( يصرف ) مال‬
He spent a lot of money last week.
expect
expect to + ‫مصدر‬ ‫ يتوقـع‬
He expects to find a good job soon.
expect ( that ) + Sub + will + inf. ‫ يتوقـع فى المضارع‬
I expect it will rain.
expected ( that ) + Sub + would + inf. ‫ فى الماضى‬
I expected it would rain.
help
help to + inf. ) to ( ‫ يساعد يأتى بعدها المصدر مسبوقا بـ‬
He helped me to do the job.
help + inf. ) to ( ‫ يساعد يأتي بعدها المصدر بـدون‬
He helped me do the job.
help with + n. ) with – in ( ‫ يساعد يأتي بعدها االسم مسبوقا بـ‬
He helped me with the job.
Language functions
Agreeing with an opinion Disagreeing with an opinion
I ( completely ) agree. I ( completely ) disagree.
I couldn't agree more I don't agree.
Yes, you're quite right. I'm not ( so ) sure .
I'd go along with that. That's not true.
That's true.
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Expressions
two- hour drive ‫ساعتـان سفـر بالسيـارة‬ reach for the stars ‫يطلـب المستحيـل‬
take off ‫تقـلع‬ fall away into the sea ‫يسقط في البحر‬
try my hardest ‫أبـذل ما فـى وسعـى‬ be sick of ‫يمل ـ يسأم من‬
set off ‫يبـدأ رحلـة ـ يفجـر‬ live on another planet ‫يعيش علي كوكب آخر‬
set up ‫يـؤسـس‬ the growing number of ‫العدد المتزايد من‬
cope with= keep up with ‫يسـاير‬ move around ‫يتنقل‬
keep mind occupied ‫يشغـل الذهـن‬ go round ‫يدور‬
cut out ‫يتـوقـف فجـأة‬ strapped to ‫مربوط بــ‬
cut off ‫يوقـف إمـداد ـ يفصـل‬ be attached to ‫ مرفق مع‬/ ‫مرتبط بـ‬
at a height of ‫على ارتفاع‬ rely on = depend on = count on ‫يعتمد علي‬
treatment for ‫عالج لـ‬ take off ‫يقلع‬
Look down on ‫ينظر من أعلى إلى‬ look after ‫يعتني بــ‬
have fun with ..‫يجد متعة في‬ feel about ‫يشعر بــ‬
do sports problem with ‫مشكلة بـــ‬
launch a campaign ‫يشن حملة‬ attach to ‫يربط بـــ‬
launch a satellite ‫يُطلق قمر صناعي‬ fall to the ground ‫يسقط علي األرض‬
queue up ‫يصطف في طابور‬ go on space holidays ‫يقوم بأجازة في الفضاء‬
turn around ‫يستدير‬ do a space walk ‫يقوم بالمشي في الفضاء‬
good luck with.. ..‫حظ سعيد في‬ improve living conditions ‫يُحسن ظروف المعيشة‬
Exercise
Choose the correct answer:
1. The contents of the report were ………………. to the press.
( baked – cheated – liked – leaked )
2. ……………… is a sport in which physical exercises and movements are performed.
( Statistics – Gymnastics – Classics – Mechanics )
3. Astronauts usually work in ……………….. conditions.
(weightless – useless – hopeless - meaningless)
4. …………………. gymnastics is a very good way of keeping fit.
( Doing – Making – Having – Taking )
5. A space station will ………………….. the Earth.
( turn – spin – move – orbit )
6. Space tourists will fly to the space station by …………………… .
( ship – boat – plane – rocket )
7. The doctor ……………………. the patient carefully.
( expected – extended – examined – explained )
8. China is going to …………………. a new satellite into space soon.
( launch – branch – bunch – crash )
9. A thin metal bar which connects the ring around the outside of a wheel to its centre is called…..
( spin – spoke – speak - rotate )
10. ………………. is the amount of space between two places.
( distant – distance – instance – molecule )
11. What makes objects fall to the ground is called …………………… .
( gravity – grave – attraction – exploration )
12. When we say turn around and around very quickly we mean …………….. .
(spin – rotation - lap – axis )
13. The car stopped because there was a …………………. in the petrol tank.
( traffic - lake – leak - lack )
14. Our air-conditioning has broken down, but someone is coming to ………………. it tomorrow.
( fax - fix – launch - seek )
15. The doctor …………….. me carefully before he gave me the medicine.
( fixed – repaired – examined - recovered )
16. Computer passwords should always be ………………. You should never tell anyone.
( secret – known – disbelieved - incredible )
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17. The astronauts went on a two-hour ……………… to replace a broken fuel pump.
( side walk - space walk - country walk - walk )
18. Some drivers have a sat-nav …………….. in their car to help them find the best route.
(discipline - system – circulation – repair )
19. The rocket is going to reach the Moon on Tuesday. Everyone watched the …………. on TV.
( lunch-launch – exploration - excavation )
20. Space ………………… can take several years.
( tasks – jobs – missions – discussion )
21. The Moon has ……………….. than the Earth, so you could jump much higher there.
( more – much – few – less )
22. Doing ………………….. is a very good way of keeping fit.
( housework- homework – exercise – research )
23. Two of the ……………… on the front wheel of my bike were broken in the accident.
( bikes – handles - speaks – spokes )
24. The …………………. between Cairo and London is 3,500 kilometres.
( travel – flights –stance –distance )
25. When you are ……………… in space, it must be very difficult to stand still.
( weightily – weightless - float – fly )
26. ………………… I'm working for important exams. Then, when I finish, I'm going on holiday.
( Recently – currently- Lately- Formally )
27. ……………….. is an unexpected result of an activity.
( Side way- aside - Side effect – effect )
28. July 2009 was the 40th ………………… of man first walking on the Moon.
( adversary – universally – university – anniversary )
29. A patient sometimes suffers from ……………… effects when he takes a medicine.
( edge – side – part – slide)
30. It is ……… that, in the next ten years, people will be queuing to book their holidays in space.
( protected – prevented – predicted – forecasted )
31. It is thought that ……………….. stations will be built up to enjoy space travel.
( space – spade – spice – spare )
32. People usually ……………… to book their holidays every year.
( queue – line – vote – stand )
33. …………….. is the force that makes things fall to the ground when they are dropped.
( Graveyard – Gravity – Grave – Graphics )
34. Can you imagine the .….feeling of looking down on the Earth spinning below you? It is marvelous.
( magic – tragic – terrifying – frightening )
35. The station will be like a giant …………………. wheel.
( spin – spins – spinning – spun )
36. …………………. are the crew of a spacecraft.
( Astrologers – Astronomers – Philosophers – Astronauts)
37. You'll have to queue ……………… and wait your turn like everybody else.
( over – on – up – out )
38. He did a lot to …………………….. conditions for factory workers.
(approve – move - improve - destroy)
39. The crew are planning a four-hour space …. to carry out the necessary repair work on the shuttle.
( jump – run – walk – talk )
40. Everyone knows who stole it, but …………… are all afraid to tell anyone.
( he – you – she – they )
‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly:
1-My father learns to drive a car four years ago.
2-My father has has a bank account since he was 18.
3-I haven't seen an action film, since I am 12.
4-In the Past, people uses to go into their banks.
5-I have never be to Aswan.
6-Yesterday at this time, I have watching TV.
7-Am I ask you about your name?
8-We always meet in Sunday.
9-I'd just seen my friend Ahmed.
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10-I've sent you an e-mail this morning.
A) Translate into Arabic:
Most of the energy we use today comes from coal, oil and gas. But these will not last forever, and
burning them is slowly harming the environment. So we need to look for other ways of supplying energy.
B) Translate into English :
.‫ يجب أن نستفيد من تجارب اآلخرين فى الصناعة و التكنولوجيا‬
Grammar
Future simple ‫المـستقبل البسيـط‬

: ‫ـ يستخـدم للتعبيـرـ عــن حـدث سـوف يحدث فى المستقبـل ويتكـون مـن‬: ‫ المـستقبل البسيـط‬
Shall - Will + inf
I shall visit to travel abroad. She will visit me tomorrow.
‫ـ‬: ‫عليـــه‬ ‫الكلمــات الدالــة‬ 

tomorrow ‫غدا‬ in the future ‫فى المستقبل‬ shortly ‫قريبا‬
soon ‫قريبا‬ in a few days ‫فى خالل أيام قليلة‬ next + ‫مدة زمنية‬ ‫القادم‬
this time tomorrow this time next week
‫ كلمـات وعبارات تستخـدم مـع المستقبـل مثـل‬:
hope I think I expect I'm sure I promise Probably
I wonder I don't think I suppose I believe I feel sure Perhaps
Tomorrow I will visit my uncle. Next week she will go to Cairo.

I hope I shall see him again. I expect he will win the match.
. will – shall ‫ بعــد‬not ‫ نستخــدم أداة النفي‬-: ‫البسيـط‬ ‫نفـى المستقبـل‬ 
He will come to me. He will play the match.
He will not come to me. He will not play the match.
‫ـ‬: ‫يلـى‬ ‫ للتعبيـر عمـا‬Will + inf ‫تستخــدم‬ 

Our team will beat your team four goals or three. . ‫تعبـر عـن التنبـؤ فى المستقبـل‬ 
I'll be 15 next year. . ‫للتعبيـر عـن حقيقـة فى المستقبـل‬ 
I'll give you money. . ‫عنـدمـا تتخـذ قـرار سـريـع‬ 
I'll see you on Friday. . ‫لعمـل ترتيبـات‬ 
I'll cook dinner tonight. . ‫عنـدمـا نفـرض عمـل شـئ‬ 
I'll punish him if he does it again. . ‫للتهـديـد‬ 
am – is – are + going to + inf ‫ـ‬: ‫ تستخـدم للتعبيـر عمـا يلـى‬

. ‫ للتعبيـر عـن النيـة أو خطـة أو قـرار فـى المستقبـل‬
I'm going to read an English news paper everyday.
. ‫ للتعبيـر عـن حـدث مؤكـد الحـدوث فـى المستقبـل‬
Look out! That chair is going to break.
am – is – are + (v + ing) . ‫ تستخـدم للتعبيـر عن الخطط التى تـم تنظيمهـا مـن قبـل‬
I'm leaving work early today. I've arranged it with Mr Emad.
The present simple . ‫ يعبـر عــن حـدث مستقبلي فى جـدول أو مواعيـد محـددة كالمـواصـالت‬
The train leaves at 7 pm tomorrow.
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Exercise
Find the mistakes and correct them:
1- She intends to visiting her aunt next Friday.
2- As soon as he meet his friend, he will go to the theatre.
3- She won't go shopping when she has dusted the furniture.
4- The shirt is fashionable; I would buy it soon.
5- I would call the police if don't stop this noise.
6- I think he crash. He is driving in a crazy way.
7- He travel to Paris tomorrow. He's got the ticket.
8- Football is an individual sport.
9- You should cooperate with other players to score a lot of ends.
10- Players should play well to win the other teams.
11- I think I buy this watch.
12- I expect that our team must win the match.
13- The film shall start at 7 p.m. tomorrow evening.
14- The water is boiling – I am going to turn the gas off.
15- It will rain. The sky's looking very dark.
16- They leave for London tomorrow. They've arranged everything.
17- If you don't do your homework, you shall be punished.
18- From 5 to 6 tomorrow, I am studying English.
19- I'm going build a house.
20- Perhaps she would visit us tomorrow.
21- There are black clouds in the sky . It will rain heavily.
22- A: Will we have a party ? B - It's a good idea .
23- Someone is at the door. I am going to answer it.
24- Suzan shall be 22 next Friday .
25- The plane is going to land at 7,15 a.m.
26- Will I help you cross the street ?.
27- It's hot. I'm going to open the window.
28- I will be washing the car for you , sir.
29- Shall you lend me some money ?
30- There is a hole in the bottom of the boat. It will sink.
Test 1
A- Language Functions
1) Respond to the following situations:
1.Ahmed asks you about your favourite subject.
2.A friend asks you about the subjects you are studying at school.
3.Your cousin offered you a computer as a birthday present.
4.Maha asks you why you like English.
2) Supply where these situations take place and who the speakers are:
1. A: Hello! Can I help you, sir? Place: ……………….
B: Yes, I'd like to have a single room, please. Speaker A:………….
A: With or without a bathroom? Speaker B:………….
Function :……………
B: With a bathroom.
2. A: I'd like a ticket to Alex, please. Place: ……………….

Speaker A:………….
B: Here you are.
Speaker B:………….
A: Thanks. How much is it? Function :……………
B: It's 20 pounds.
B- Vocabulary and Structure
3) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1. A: I am going on holiday tomorrow. B: I'm sure you...............it.
a- are going to enjoy b- are enjoying c- enjoy d- will enjoy
1
2. A: What are you doing at the weekend? B: I expect I .................. some time with my friends.
a- am going to spend b- am Spending c-Will spend d-spend
3. The population of Cairo...............reach 15 millions by 2020.
a- would b- is going to c- will d- is going
4. I think the weather in England.............. .cold and rainy.
a- will be b- is going to be c- is being d- shall be
5. There's not a cloud in the sky- it...............another very sunny day.
a- will be b- is going to be c- is being d- will
6. I think you...............very good at squash.
a- is going to be b- are being c- are going be d- will be
7. I've planned. Definitely! I...............try hockey.
a- will b- am not going to c- am going to d- won't
8. A: This year I...............go swimming every day. B: That's a good idea. You will get very fit.
a- am going to b- am going c- will d- will be going
9. There was a …………….. in the water pipe and I had to have it fixed.
a- brake b- leak c- lake d- fake
10. The astronauts went on a two-hour ………………….. to replace a broken fuel pump.
a- side walk b- space walk c- country walk d- walk
11. Some drivers have a sat-nav ……………….. in their car to help them find the best route.
a- discipline b- system c- circulation d- repair )
12. The rocket is going to reach the Moon on Tuesday. Everyone watched the …………… on TV.
a- lunch b- launch c- exploration d- excavation
13. Computer passwords should always be…………… . You should never tell anyone.
a- known b- public c- secret d- distributed
14. Space ………………… can take several years.
a- tasks b- jobs c- missions d- discussion
15. The Moon has ……………. than the Earth, so you could jump much higher there.
a- more b- much c- few d- less
16. Doing ………………… is a very good way of keeping fit.
a- housework b- homework c- exercise d- research
4) Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly:
1. The doctor exchanged me carefully before he gave me the medicine.
2. Space fissions can take several years.
3. Look at those clouds! It will rain.
4. I expect they are being here soon.
5. Omar's wife is pregnant. He will have a baby.
6. Do you think you are passing the test?
(C) Reading Comprehension and Set Books
5) Read the following passage then answer the questions:
William Shakespeare was born in the market town of Stratford-upon-Avon . It is said that he attended the local
grammar school, where the principal subject taught was Latin. Nothing certain is known of what he did between
the time he left school and his departure for London . Whatever caused him to leave the town of his birth, the
world can be grateful that he did so . What is certain is that he set his foot on the road to fame when he arrived in
London . It is said that at first he was without money or friends there, but after that he earned a little by taking care
of the horses of the gentlemen who attended the plays at the theatre. In time, as he became a familiar figure to
the actors in the theatre, they stopped and spoke to him .
They found his conversation so brilliant that finally he was invited to join their company . By 1592 he became one
of the three leading members of a company of actors called the Lord Chamberlain's Men . This company was
under the protection of the Queen's Court. From what we know of his later life, it is clear that Shakespeare's
connection with the theatre made him a wealthy man, since his plays attracted large audiences and he shared in
the profits .
Towards the beginning of the seventeenth century not less than eleven of his plays were produced. These
included the great tragedies;" Othello "," Macbeth " and " King Lear" His last work was" The Tempest".
1
A) Answer the following questions :
1. Why did the actors at the theatre invite Shakespeare to join their company ?
2. What language did Shakespeare learn at his early life ? Where ?
3. Why did Shakespeare look after the gentlemen's horses when he first arrived in London ?
B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d :
4. The words" he did so" written, in black-type, refer to.........................
a) he set his foot on the road to fame b) he left school
c) he learnt Latin d) he left Stratford-upon-Avon
5. The passage gives us a good lesson that it is better......................
a) to look after horses b) to talk to actors
c) to endure hardships or obstacles d) to be a wealthy man
6) Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
Man's life has been subject to a lot of change during the last hundred years, particularly in what is
connected with his consuming ‫استهالك‬habits. Sixty years ago, before the start of the consumer societies ‫جمعياتـ‬
‫ استهالكية‬of today's world, people did not throw away so many of the things they used. They used and re-used
bottles, jars ‫برطماناتـ‬, cardboard ‫ كارتون‬boxes, paper bags, etc. much more carefully than we do today. Now, more
than fifty years later, we are returning to the same good idea which we now call "recycling".
We can again think about what we throw out. Why do we throw away so much food packaging ‫تعبئة‬, so many
plastic supermarket bags, old newspapers, old books, bottles and cans ‫ ?علب‬What is all this rubbish doing to our
environment, to the world we live in? Can't we use some of it again? The answer is: yes, we can. New industries -
recycling industries - are starting to re-use some of our rubbish. For example, the island of Taiwan now buys tons
of waste paper from the U.S.A. and recycles it to make newspapers, and for use in offices and homes. Japan
takes scrap metal from the U.S.A. and makes some new parts with it. Most European and American cities now
have "recycling centres" for people's old bottles and newspapers. All this recycling is not only good for the
environment but it is good business, too. For instance, a recycled aluminum container is 20% cheaper to make
than a new one. For both the environment and the economy, recycling makes very good sense.
A) Answer the following Questions:

1.What "change" does the writer refer to in the first paragraph?
2.Mention two industries that make use of rubbish.
3.Why is recycling economically good?
4.What does the underlined word "it" in the second paragraph refer to?
B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d:
5.Our grandparents were ................ than we are today.
a) less careful b) more careful c) more economic d) less wise
6.Recycling our rubbish means ............................
a) throwing it away b) keeping it c) encircling it d) using it again
7.When we recycle rubbish, we ................... our environment.
a) pollute b) protect c) destroy d) consume
D- The Novel
7) (A) Answer the following questions:
1-When did Leila feel a shiver down her back?
2-What was amazing about the Incas?
3-Why was Dr Hafez looking for a Chimu king’s tomb?
B) Read the following quotation. then answer the questions
“I sighed. I wasn’t in Peru any more. I was home.”
1-Who said this to whom?
2-Why did the speaker go to Peru?
3-What made the speaker realize that he / she was home?
C) Complete the following sentences:
1-Beside Leila’s bed, there was a photo of……………………………………………..
2-Unlike Leila, Samira……………………………………………………………………………
3-Archaeologists in Egypt developed………………………………………………………
1
‫‪E- Writing‬‬
‫‪8) Write a paragraph on:‬‬
‫" ‪"Purposes of using the internet‬‬
‫‪Expand the following ideas‬‬
‫‪- Making friends.‬‬ ‫‪- Being aware of the latest technology‬‬
‫‪- Getting information about all what we need‬‬ ‫‪- Visiting many countries while at home‬‬
‫‪F- Translation‬‬
‫‪9) A- Translate into Arabic:‬‬
‫‪In the field of space, it is expected to set up a completely artificially constructed space colony there .‬‬
‫‪According to experts' reports, it is already technically feasible to achieve such a great project. Future‬‬
‫‪will witness further development in this field .‬‬
‫‪B) Translate into English:‬‬

‫‪ ‬سوف تتحقق في المستقبل القريب سياحة الفضاء التي سينجذب إليها الكثير من الناس‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬يقدم العلماءـ الجديد كل يوم لخدمة البشرية‬
‫‪The Present‬‬
‫‪Mr. Emad Elagamy‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
Unit 2 3rd The Prisoner of Zenda 1st Hello English
Vocabulary
prisoner ‫ سجين‬discover ‫يكتشف‬ wealthy ‫غنى‬

popular ‫ محبوب ـ شعبى‬well-educated ‫متعلم جيد‬ central ‫مركزى‬
activities ‫ أنشطة‬fiction ‫خيال‬ forest ‫غابة‬
debate ‫ مناظرة‬fictional ‫خيالى‬ kidnapped ‫اختطف شخص‬
immediately ‫ فورا‬publication ‫ نشر‬،‫طبع‬ married ‫تزوج‬
politics ‫ السياسة‬sign ‫إشارة‬ believe ‫يعتقد‬
modern languages ‫ اللغات الحديثة‬lawyer ‫محامى‬ entertainment ‫تسلية وترفية‬
Athletics ‫ العاب القوى‬novel ‫رواية‬ print ‫يطبع‬
alike ‫ يشبه‬architecture ‫الهندسة المعمارية‬ history ‫تاريخ‬
attend ‫ ينوى‬ceremony ‫مراسم‬ formal ‫رسمى‬
Classics ‫ الكالسيكية‬occasion ‫مناسبة‬ organized ‫مناقشة منظمة‬
couple ‫ زوج‬coronation ‫ حفلة تتويج‬،‫تتويج‬ discussion
ready for ‫مستعد ل‬
debate (n) ‫ مناظرة‬castle ‫قلعة‬ educate ‫يتعلم‬
escape ‫ يهرب‬publish ‫ينشر‬ education ‫تعليم‬
escapist ‫ انهزامي‬publication ‫نشر‬ educated ‫متعلم‬
escapism ‫ هروب من‬publisher ‫ناشر‬ history ‫تاريخ‬
realism ‫الواقع‬
‫الواقعية‬ regular visits ‫زيارات منتظمة‬
realise ‫يدرك‬ surprise ‫مفاجئة‬
poet ‫شاعر‬ neighbour ‫جار‬
immediately ‫ فورا‬walk through ‫يمشي خالل‬ forget ‫ينسي‬
university ‫ جامعة‬identical ‫ متماثل‬/ ‫متطابق‬ entertainment ‫تسلية و ترفيه‬
plenty ‫ وفرة‬excitedly ‫بشكل ُمثار‬ print ‫يطبع‬
remain ‫ يبقي‬replace ‫ يستبدل‬/ ‫يحل محل‬ ceremony ‫احتفال‬
speaker ‫ متحدث‬locked in ‫حُجز في‬ attackers ‫المهاجمون‬
athletics ‫ األلعاب‬look alike ‫يبدوا متشابه جدا‬ writer ‫كاتب‬
attend ‫الرياضية‬
‫ يحضر‬as planned ‫كما هو مخطط‬ a teaching job ‫وظيفة التدريس‬
the right ‫الحق‬ area ‫منطقة‬
for ever ‫لألبد‬ interest ‫ تشويق‬/ ‫اهتمام‬
finally ‫أخيرا‬ pounds ‫جنيهات‬
find out ‫يكتشف‬ architecture ‫الهندسة المعمارية‬
ambitious ‫طموح‬ ‫المالية‬ forest ‫غابة‬
sort of / kind of ‫نوع من‬ protect ‫يحمي‬
‫فرعون‬ ‫يحل المشكلة‬ morally ‫ افتراضيا‬/ ‫أخالقيا‬
‫روائي‬ ‫قصص قصيرة‬ tour ‫جولة‬
‫الجمهور‬ ‫ناجح‬ candidates ‫المرشحون‬
‫أبطال‬ ‫محلي‬ early life ‫الحياة المبكرة‬
heroic deeds ‫ أعمال بطولية‬double efforts ‫يُضاعف الجهود‬ heroic efforts ‫جهود خارقة‬
under debate ‫ محل مناقشة‬the vast ‫الغالبية العظمي‬ take ‫يتخذ إجراءات وقائية‬
attend a meeting ‫ يُحضر اجتماع‬news majority ‫تغطية إخبارية‬ preventive
a public ‫مكتبة عامة‬
coverage
a historic occasion ‫ مناسبة تاريخية‬public debate ‫مناظرة أو مناقشة‬ library
compulsory ‫التعليم اإللزامي‬
have much success ‫ يالقي نجاحا‬hold a debate ‫عامةمناظرة‬
‫يعقد‬ education
classical ‫الموسيقي الكالسيكية‬
in public opinion
the ‫الرأي في‬
‫العام‬ ‫ كبيرا‬attend a ‫يَحضر مؤتمر‬ music
news ‫عناوين األخبار‬
immense ‫ هائل‬conference
at most ‫علي األكثر‬ headlines
guilty ‫ُمذنب‬
tiny ‫ ضئيل‬at least ‫علي األقل‬ innocent ‫بريء‬
1
Reading
The prisoner of Zenda
The story takes place in nineteenth-century Europe. Rudolf Rassendyll, a wealthy Englishman, if the cousin
of Rudolf Elphberg, who is about to become the new king of Ruritania, a fictional country in central Europe. Rudolf
Rassendyll decides to travel to Ruritania to attend the coronation of his cousin, who he has not met before. Soon
after he arrives, he is walking through a forest where he meets the future king. The two men of surprised to discover
.that they are so unlike: they are almost identical twins. The cousins talk excitedly about the coronation
However, on the night before the great occasion, Rudolf Elphberg is kidnapped by his younger brother Michael and
locked in the castle in the town of Zenda. Although Michael does not have the right to be the next king of the country,
he is popular with some of the people of Ruritania. He wants to stop the coronation so that he can become the next
.king himself
Rudolf Rassendyll solves the problem by taking his cousin place. Because the two men look so alike,
nobody realizes what is happening and the coronation takes place as planned. While Rudolf Elphberg remains in the
castle, Rudolf Rassendyll lives the life of the king and spends time with his cousin’s friends. At the same time, he
.realizes that he cannot remain the king of Ruritania forever. He decides to rescue Rudolf Elphberg
The story ends happily for Elphberg when he finally becomes the new king. Michael dies. Rassendyll says goodbye to
.his friends and leaves the country. The people of Ruritania never find out what has really happened
Language Notes
kidnap hijack snatch imprison capture arrest

kidnap = abduct ) ‫يخطف شخصا ( طمعا فى فدية‬ 
Two businessmen were kidnapped by terrorists.
hijack ) ‫يختطف ) عربة ـ طائرة‬ 
The plane was hijacked by two armed men on a flight from London to Cairo.
snatch ‫يخطف شيء من شخص‬ 
She snatched the gun from his hand.
imprison ‫يسجن‬ 
They were imprisoned for possession of drugs.
capture ‫يأسر ـ يقبض على‬ 
The town was captured by enemy troops after 10 days fighting.
She was captured at the airport.
arrest ‫يلقى القبض على‬ 
He was arrested for shoplifting.‫سرقة المعروضات‬
die
die of ‫ يموت بسبب مرض أو جوع أو عطش‬
He died of cancer.
die from ( a wound / an injury / a spider bite ) ) ‫ يموت من ( جرح ـ إصابة ـ لدغة عقرب أو عنكبوت‬
He died from the scorpion's bites.
die out ‫ ينقرض‬
Some dangerous animals died out.
die away ‫ يضمحل ـ يزول‬
The sound of their laughter died away.
decide
decide to + inf ‫ يقـرر‬
She decided to go out.
decide on + noun ‫ يقـرر ـ يحدد‬
You have to decide on your goal in life
decide that + sentence ‫ يقـرر‬
He decided that you should attend.
1
listen hear
listen to ) ‫ ينصت إلي ( سماع بقصد‬
I always listen to the holy Quran in the morning .
hear ) ‫ يسمع ( سماع عارض ـ بدون قصد‬
When I was walking in the street I heard someone crying .
hear from ‫ يتلقى رسالة من‬
Have you heard from Ahmed?
hear of ‫ يسمع أخبار عن ـ يعرف بوجود شخص أو شئ‬
She disappeared and was never heard of again.
hear about ‫ يسمع ـ يتلقى معلومات عن‬
You will hear about this later.
life a life the life

life ( ‫ الحيـاة بوجـه عـام ( اسم ال يعـد وال يسبقـها أداة‬
There is no life on the moon . Life is fun .
a life – ( lives ) ‫ نـوع معيـن مـن حيـاة ( اسم يعـد ) غالبـا يسبقهـا صفـه‬
He leads a happy life .
a life of + ‫اسم غيـر عـاقـل‬ ( lives )
He leads a life of fun .
the life of + ‫اسم عـاقـل‬ ( lives ) ( ‫( اسم يعـد‬ ‫ نـوع معيـن مـن حيـاه‬
What do you know about the life of our prophet ( P B U H ) ?
famous well-known distinguished eminent notorious infamous

famous for ‫ و لكنها اقـوي في المعني و تعني معروف علي مجال واسع‬well-known ‫ مشهـور و تعطـي معني‬
France is famous for its nice food and perfumes.
famous as ‫ مشهــــور كـــ‬
He is famous as a good doctor.
well-known postman - doctor - teacher ‫ معـروف و لكـن علي نطـاق محـدود‬
The postman is well-known in our village.
distinguished - eminent )‫ معـروف لألشخـاص المشهـورين باعمالهم العلميـة أو الفنيـة ( مميـز‬
Ernest Hemingway is a distinguished writer. Ahmed Zweail is an eminent scientist.
notorious ‫ مشهـور و معـروف بشـيء سـيء‬
Everyone was talking about the notorious murderer.
take
take part in = share in = participate in ‫ يشـارك‬
Did you take part in the poetry competition ?
take place = happen = occur ‫ يحـدث‬
When did the accident take place ?
take the place of = replace ‫ يحـل محـل‬
He resigned and I took his place.
take up much of ‫ يستنـزف كثيـر مـن‬
He took much of his money.
take off ‫ يخلـع – تقلـع‬
When I returned home, I took off my coat. The plane took off at ten.
take over ‫ يتـولى مهمـة‬
After his father's death he took over his work.
take after ‫ يشبـه‬
She took her mother completely.
1
abroad broad board border
abroad ) ‫ الخارج ( خارج حدود بلد ما‬
He worked abroad for five years.
broad ‫ فسيح ـ عريض ـ عام‬
He is tall and broad. The room is broad.
board ‫ لوحة ( إعالنات ) ـ سبورة‬
The exam results went up on the board.
border ‫ حد بين دولتين‬
The border between Egypt and Libya is safe.
every each
every ) ‫ كل ( صفة يأتي بعدها اسم‬
Every student should do his best to get high marks.
each ) ‫ كل ( صفة يأتي بعدها اسم أو تحل محل االسم‬
Every student should do his best to get high marks.
All friends attended the party, each gave her a present.
Like look like alike unlike

like ‫ مثل‬
She is not like her sister. = She is different from her sister.
like ‫ يحب‬
She doesn't like her sister. = She hates her sister.
look like ‫ يشبه‬
He looks like his brother.
alike = like each other )v. to. be( ‫ تستخدم بعد األشياء أو األشخاص الذين نتحدث عنهم ويسبقها‬
He and his brother are alike.
unlike ‫ مختلف عن ـ علي العكس من‬
Unlike his brother, he is very tall.
twins couple double pair

twins ‫ توأم‬
They are identical twins.
a couple ) ‫ زوجان ( زوج وزوجته‬
Ali and Dina are a new couple.
a couple of ) ‫ زوج أو اثنان من نوع واحد ( من نفس الشئ‬
I bought a couple of shirts.
double ‫ يضاعف‬/ ‫ ثنائي‬
He can double his profit.
pair ‫ زوج من شيء ال ينفصل‬
What is your opinion of the pair of shoes?
occasion event accident incident

occasion ‫ مناسبة‬
He gave me a present on the occasion of my birthday
event ‫ حـدث هــام مميـز‬
The 6th of October is one of the great event in our modern history.
accident ‫ حــادث تصــادم‬
He was killed in a car accident.
incident ‫ حـدث داخــل قصـة‬
This story is full of interesting incidents.
1
spend
spend time + (v + ing) ‫ يقضي الوقت في‬
She spent the afternoon reading a science fiction story.
spend money on ‫ ينفق المال على‬
She spent most of her money on clothes.
family / team / crew / staff ‫ يمكن أن تكون جمعا أو مفردا‬

The home team is winning the match. ‫ إذا كنا نشير إلى االسم ككل تأتى مفردا‬
The team are travelling to their match. ‫ إذا كنا نشير إلى أفراده أو أعضائه تأتى جمعا‬
‫ تكون هذه الكلمات دائما جمعا‬
police / people / youth / wages
The police are clever.
: ‫) تعامل معاملة المفرد‬s - ics( ‫ المواد الدراسية واأللعاب الرياضية وبعض الكلمات التى ال تعد المنتهية‬
athletics / politics / gymnastics / mathematics /maths / news
Physics is a difficult subject.
Gymnastics is very useful.
classic classical classics

classic (n) ) ‫ أثر أدبي خالد ( تعد‬
All of Charles Dickens' novels are classics
classics (adj) ‫ أثر خالد يحتفظ بقيمته لمدة طويلة‬/ ‫ نموذجي‬/ ‫ كالسيكي‬
example / mistake / symptom / style / design / films ‫ تستخدم مع المسرحيات و الكتب و تأتي‬
It was a classic case of bad management (( ‫نموذجي‬
My dad likes watching classic films.
classical ‫ متعلق بدراسة اليونانية أو روما القديمة‬/ ) ‫ موسيقى (كالسيكية‬/ )‫ تقليدي (قديم‬
I like classical music to pop or jazz - classical scientific method
classical architecture - classical symphony - classical composer - classical elegance
classics ) ‫ دراسة اليونانية و الالتينية ( كلمة ال تعد‬
He studied classics at university.
politics policy
politics ) ‫ السياسة ( الخاصة بالدولة ونظام الحكم‬
He was interested in politics and was a good speaker.
policy ‫ مبدأ أو قاعدة يسير عليها الفرد أو العمل‬
Honesty is the best policy.
hero champion
hero ) ‫ بطل ( محارب بارز ـ تاريخي ـ في فيلم ـ مسرحية ـ شخص محبوب إلنجازاته‬
th
El Sadat was 6 of October war hero. The hero of the novel is a ten-year old boy.
champion ) ‫ بطل ( رياضي ـ المدافع عن شخصية أو قضية ـ مقاتل‬
He was a champion of the poor all his life. He was a champion in squash.
based
based in ‫ مقـره فـى‬
His work is based in Egypt.
based on ‫ قائـم علـى‬
It is a revision based on unit 18
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Expressions
by then ‫ فى هذه األثناء‬/ ‫آئذاك‬ was locked in a castle ‫حبس في قلعة‬
in his free time ‫في وقت فراغه‬ as planned ‫كما كان مخطط‬
early life /‫في مقتبل العمر‬ do a lot of good ‫يقوم بالكثير من األشياء‬
good speaker in university debate ‫الشباب‬
‫متحدث جيد في‬ almost identical ‫الجيدة متطابقين‬
‫تقريبا‬
express opinion on / about ‫الجامعة‬
‫في‬ ‫مناظرات رأي‬
‫يعبر عن‬ have the right to + ‫مصدر‬ ‫له الحق في‬
(be) adventure novels ‫روايات المغامرة‬ at the coronation ‫في حفل التتويج‬
What was so special about ‫ما الذي يميز‬ take advice from ‫يتقبل النصيحة من‬
speaking tour ‫جولة للمناظرة‬ give advice to ‫يعطى نصيحة لـ‬
write for / ‫يكتب في جريدة‬ make someone popular ‫يجعل شخص مشهور‬
on the night of coronation ‫مجلةليلة التتويج‬
‫في‬ make money ‫يكسب مال من‬
identical twins ‫توأم متطابق‬ make visits ‫يقوم بعمل زيارات‬
live the life of the king ‫يعيش حياة الملك‬ the story ends happily ‫تنتهي القصة بسعادة‬
well-known for ‫مشهور (معروف) بـ‬ have plenty of free time ‫لديه الكثير من وقت‬
special about ‫خاص حول‬ put down ‫ يقمع‬/ ‫ يضع‬/‫الفراغ‬
‫يحقر‬
be crowned with success ‫يُتَوج بالنجاح‬ lock someone in )‫يحبس شخص في (مكان‬
popular with ‫محبوب من‬ look in astonishment ‫ينظر في دهشة واستغراب‬
Not in the least = not at all ‫ علي اإلطالق‬، ‫كال‬ it made him a lot of money ‫د ََرت عليه الكثير من‬
‫المال‬
Exercise
1. The story is not true , it is -------------------
( real – fictional – right – famous )
2. --------- means the study of the language and history of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
( Classic – classical – classify – classics )
3. My Sister is --------- she had a good education.
( good- educated – well – educated – will– educated – well-education )
4. The book will be --------------next week.
( publication – publisher – publish – published )
5. We had a formal, organized discussion, that means ---------------
( conflict – debate – forum – fight )
6. Escapism is a kind of ---------- that helps people to forget their worries.
( fight – discussion – information – entertainment )
7. He is the main character , he is the ------- of the film.
( heroine – hero – herb – director )
8. He killed the girl and went to ----------------and spent 20 years.
( jail – forum – castle – museum )
9. Antony Hope's story was ------- in 1890.
( published – bought – stolen – mended )
10. Films and books can sometimes help people to ------ from their worries.
( escape – suffer – wait – sell )
11. You can still see a lot of ------ architecture in Greece and Rome.
( classical – professional – classics – classes )
12. He has a lot of money, he is a -------- man.
( wealth – poor – healthy – wealthy )
13. The --------- of Queen Elizabeth took place in 1952.
( colonial – organization – permission – coronation )
14. He doesn't have the right --------- vote in the coming elections.
( with – in – of – to )
15. After finishing school , he went to Oxford University-------- he studied classics.
( who – which – when – where )
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16. The --------------- were married later that year.
( pair – double – two – couple )
17. He was interested in--------- and was a good speaker.
( political – politician – politics - policy )
18. The police ---------- chased the suspect.
( are – is – were – have )
19. Mathematics -------------- a very difficult subject for me.
( is – are – have been – were )
20. Tutankhamun died after he fell ------------- his horse.
( of – at – in – off )
21. My brother is very ………. . he went to Cairo University and then Oxford.
( well-known - ignorant - well-educated – illiterate )
22. We’re having a ….... At school next week about ways of reducing global warming.
( debit - debate - debt – debase )
23. For some people, reading and watching films are forms of ……….
( escape - escaping – escapist – escapism )
24. In the past, English children studied …… at school. Now most schools teach modern languages.
( classic - classics - class – classical )
25. Oliver Twist is the ……….... hero of one of Charles Dickens’ most famous novels.
( fictional - fiction - fictions - fictionalize )
26. The Prisoner of Zenda was ready for …… a few months after Anthony Hope thought of the idea.
( publish - publisher - published – publication )
27. Although everyone in my family works very hard. We are not a …………. Family.
( poor - needy - penniless – wealthy )
28. The ………… of Queen Elizabeth II took place in 1952.
( corridor - corporation - coronation – correlation )
29. It was a fantastic ………….. which millions of people went to London to watch.
( occasion - occasionally – occidental - occasional )
30. Nobody has the ………… to steal things from other people.
( write - right – righteous – rightful )
31. Some twins are more …………. than others.
( like - likely - alike – liking )
32. …………. is a large strong building to protect people from attack.
( Temple - Museum - Tower – Castle )
33. He is a very famous poet. He wrote many fantastic ………….. .
( prose - verse - novels - poems )
34. He was interested in …………. and was a good speaker in university debates.
( politician - diplomat - ambassador – politics )
35. The two men were surprised when they discovered, they are almost ……….. twins.
( different - divergent – identical – diverse )
36. The thieves ………….. Ali’s son and asked him some money.
( hijacked - washed - stole – kidnapped )
37. No one realises what is happening and the coronation takes place …………….. .
( planned as - as planning - planning as - as planned )
38. The story ends ……… for the hero when he finally becomes the new king.
( happy - happier - happily – happiest )
39. The people never find ……….. what has really happedned.
( out - away - in – over )
40. You can still see a lot of ………… architecture in Greece and Rome.
( classic – classics - class – classical )
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1-While he does his homework, his friend arrived.
2-Before she did research on new treatments, she works as a surgeon.
3-My brother has a difficult decision to do next week.
4-He isn't finishing the job yet.
5-When the company needs people to speak for it at a meeting, it can send a relation.
6-Both my parents are tired. They no longer work.
7-What did you do since the weekend?
8-When would you start to learn English? – Two years ago.
9-I want to be a doctor since I was ten.
10-When I was eight. I have seen a programme about a famous doctor on TV.
Great efforts have been made towards equality between men and women. Women demand equal
pay for equal work. Although women have gained many of their rights, they still have a long way for
complete equality.
‫ هل تميل أحيانا إلى الهروب من الواقع لتتغلب على مشاكلك ؟‬
Grammar
Countable and uncountable nouns
Countable nouns ‫األسمـاء التى تعــد‬ 

. ‫ ) فـى المفـرد وتحـذفان فى الجمـع‬a - an ( ‫ االسـم الذى يعـد له مفـرد وله جمـع ويأخـذ‬
a book books an egg eggs
. ‫ ويمكـن استخدام هـذه الكلمـات مـع االسم الذي يعـد‬
( some – any – a lot of - many – few )
A lot of books – a few pens – many pounds – some shirts – any stories )
Uncountable nouns ‫األسمـاء التي ال تعــد‬ 
. ‫ ) فـى المفـرد‬a - an ( ‫ االسـم الذى ال يعـد ال يمكـن عـده وال يأخـذ‬
water - money - music - bread - luggage - baggage - news - information - oil ….
. ‫ ويمكـن استخدام هـذه الكلمـات مـع االسـم الذي ال يعـد‬
( a lot of – much – little – some – any )
A lot of information – some money – little water – much milk – any news
‫واألسمـاء التي ال تعـد تشمـل‬ 
Abstract nouns ‫األسمـاء المجـردة‬
experience - freedom - pity- advice - luck - honesty - hope - beauty - help- beauty -love - hatred
confidence – courage – enjoyment – progress - evidence – patience – peace – poverty …..
Materials ‫أسمـاء المـواد عنـدما تستخـدم‬
gold - wood - coffee - tea - paper ‫عـام‬ ‫بوجـه‬
- iron - glass - stone ………….
School subjects ‫المواد الدراسية‬
history - physics - chemistry - biology - geography – psychology- mathematics
Fluids ‫السوائل‬
water – coffee – oil - milk – soup - blood
Sports ‫الرياضات‬
tennis – football - hockey - volleyball - swimming - squash - athletics - gymnastics
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Gases ‫الغازات‬
oxygen – hydrogen – nitrogen - ammonia - carbon dioxide
Languages ‫اللغات‬
English – Arabic – French – Italian – Spanish - German
Different activities ‫األنشطة‬
‫المختلفة‬- shopping - eating
reading – smoking - writing - studying
Natural phenomena ‫الظواهر‬
lightning – heat – snow – thunder‫الطبيعية‬
– light - rain
Meals ‫الوجبات‬
breakfast – lunch – dinner – supper
Other nouns ‫أسماء أخرى‬
equipment – furniture – cash – work – clothing – electricity - news - traffic - baggage - hair
machinery – clothing – jewellery – luggage - money - furniture - material - laughter - rubbish
macaroni - rice …….
:‫ إذا جاءت قبلها الصفة‬a/an ‫ بعض الكلمات التي ال تُعد يمكن أن تسبقها األداة‬
She completed her education in 1995. She had a good education.
education.
We usually have lunch at 2.00 pm. We had a wonderful lunch at a big restaurant yesterday.
‫ جمـع وليس لهـا مفـرد‬e‫األسمـاء اآلتيـة ال تعـد ودائمـا‬ 

police, youth, clothes, wages ………….
The youth are the hope of the nation.
: ‫يمكـن تحــويــل األسمـاء التي ال تـعـد إلى أسمـاء تـعـد كاآلتي‬ ‫ملحوظـة‬ 
. ) bits - pieces ( ‫ ) كـألفـاظ تجـزئـة عـامـه وفى الجمـع‬bit - piece ( ‫باستخــدام‬
I'd like a piece ( a bit ) of cloth / bread. I'd like two pieces ( bits ) of cloth / bread.
: ‫ باستخـدام ألفاظ تجـزئـة لتشيـر إلى كميـات أكثر تحـديـدا وتستخـدم مـع بعـض الكلمـات وال تستخـدم مـع غيـرهـا مثـل‬
a sheet - a loaf - a bottle - a slice - a cup - a pair - a bar - a jar
a sheet of paper – a loaf of bread – a slice of meat – a pair of shoes – a cup of tea
a bar of chocolate – a jar of jam ….
. ‫ وعنـد الجمـع نجمـع لفـظ التجـزئـة وال نجمـع اسـم المـادة‬
two sheets of paper- two pairs of shoes – two jars of jam – two loaves of bread- two slices of meat
three pairs of shoes – six bars of chocolate – five cups of tea
. ‫بعـض األسمـاء يمكـن أن تعـد أو ال تعـد حسـب المعـنى مثـل‬ ‫ملحوظـة‬ 
paper – glass – coffee – time - cold - light - orange - iron - chicken - hair
I’d like some writing paper. ) ‫ ال يعد‬- ‫ (ورق الكتابة‬
I’m going to buy a paper. (= a newspaper) ‫ جريدة‬
The window’s made of unbreakable glass. ) ‫ ال يعد‬- ‫ ( الزجاج‬
Would you like a glass of water? ‫ كوب‬
Have you got any coffee? ) ‫ قهوة ( مشروب‬
Could I have two coffees? (cups of coffee) ‫ فنجان أو كوب من القهوة‬
Don’t hurry. There’s plenty of time. ‫ الوقت‬
He went to London three times. ‫ مرات‬
Don’t go out in the cold without a coat. ‫ البرد عموما‬
I’ve got a bad cold. ‫ نزلة برد‬
There are two oranges on the table. ‫ برتقال‬
I don't like orange. I prefer red. ‫ اللون البرتقالى‬
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This table is made of iron. )‫ الحديد (ال يعد‬
She bought an iron yesterday. ‫ مكواة‬
Do you like chicken? ( = chicken meat ) ‫ لحم الدجاج‬
I'd like to buy a chicken. ‫ دجاجة‬
The sun gives us light ‫ ال تُعد‬/ ‫ الضوء‬
We need two lights in this room. ‫ مصباح كهربي‬
My hair is short. ‫ الشعر‬
I see two hairs on your jacket. ‫ شعر‬
:‫ بعض الكلمات التي تُشير إلي مجموعات يمكن أن يُستخدم معها فعل مفرد أو جمع‬
Team / committee / family / class / army / company / couple / crew / crowd / gang / group / navy /
population / staff / university
The home team is winning the match. ‫ هنا الكالم عن الفريق كوحدة واحدة‬
The team are travelling tonight to their next match. ‫ هنا نقصد الفريق كأفراد‬
:‫ العبارات الدالة علي الكمية و المبالغ المالية والزمن و الثمن و المسافة و الوزن ودرجات الحرارة تُعامل معاملة المفرد مع الفعل‬
Ten million pounds is a lot of money.
Fifty litres of petrol fills my car.
Five kilometres is a long way to walk.
Two hours is a long time to wait.
Fifty degrees is a very high temperature.
:‫ ولكن الحظ أننا نقول‬
Three one-pound coins are on the desk. ‫ ثالث عمالت معدنية من فئة الجنيه‬
:‫ يُستخدم معها دائما فعل مفرد‬s ‫ بعض األسماء التى ال تعد المنتهية بحرف‬
Athletics / politics / gymnastics / mathematics / maths / news / economics / statistics /
physics / genetics / classics / electronics
Politics was my best subject at university. Athletics is my favourite sport.
a lot of – many – much – a few – few – a little - little

a lot of . ‫ تأتى قبـل اسـم يعـد أو اسم ال يعـد فى جملـة خبـريـة مثبتـة‬
I have got a lot of friends. I have got a lot of money.
Many . ‫ تأتى قبـل اسـم يعـد فى النفي و االستفهام‬
I haven't got many friends. Have you got many friends ?
much . ‫ تأتى قبـل اسـم ال يعـد فى النفي و االستفهام‬
I haven't got much money. Have you got much money ?
a few . ‫تأتى قبـل اسـم يعـد وتشـير إلى عـدد قليـل ولكـن يكـفـى‬
I have a few pounds. ( enough )
few . ‫ تأتى قبـل اسـم يعـد وتشـير إلى عـدد قليـل وال يكـفى‬
I have few pounds. ( not enough )
a little . ‫ تأتى قبـل اسـم ال يعـد وتشـير إلى كميـة قليـلة ولكـن تكـفـى‬
I drank a little water. ( enough )
little . ‫ تأتى قبـل اسـم ال يعـد وتشـير إلى كميـة قليـلة وال يكفـى‬
I drank little water. ( not enough )
: ‫ ) في جملـة خبـريـه في الحـاالت اآلتية‬many - much ( ‫تـأتى‬ ‫ ملحوظـة‬
much ) so - very - as - too ( ‫ إذا سبقها‬much ‫ مـع‬

There is so much milk.
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many ) so – as – too - a good - a great ( ‫ إذا سبقها‬many ‫ مـع‬
There are too many books in the bag.
The milk was so much that I drank two cups. ( such … )
It was such a lot of milk that I drank two cups.
Some – Any - No
Some . ‫ تأتـى قبـل اسـم يعـد أو اسـم ال يعـد فى جملـة خبـريـة مثبتـة و فى سؤالي العـرض والطـلـب‬
My mother knows some good stories. ‫ اســم يعــد‬
I drank some water. ‫ اســم ال يعــد‬
Would you like some tea ? ‫ عــرض‬
Can I have some of these apples ? ‫ طـلـب‬
Any . ‫ تأتـى قبـل اسـم يعـد أو اسم ال يعـد فى جملـة استفهـاميـة أو منفـيـة‬
I don't want any stamps ‫ اســم يعــد‬
I didn't drink any milk. ‫ اســم ال يعــد‬
. ‫ مـع نفـى الفعـل‬some ‫ تستخــدم لنفـى‬
I bought some books. I didn't buy any books.
She has some money. She doesn't have any money.
: ‫ تأتـى مـع الكـلمـات الدالـة علـى النفـى مثـل‬
hardly – scarcely – seldom – never – without – refuse – too …….. to 
He never had any luck. We hardly had any money.
. ‫ الدالـة والمعبـرة عـن الشـك‬If ‫ تستخـدم مـع‬
If you need any thing, just ask.
If anyone has any questions, I'll be pleased to answer them.
No . ‫ تأتـى فـى الجمـل المنفيـة عنـدمـا يكـون الفعـل مثبتـا‬

There were no shops open. I have no money.
. not …… any ‫ مـع فعـل مثبـت وتسـاوى‬some ‫ تستخــدم لنفـى‬
She has some money. She has no money.
I bought some books. I bought no books.
She has some money. She has no money.
Exercise
Choose the correct answer
1. I drink a …………. of water every morning .
( glass – bag – tube - packet )
2. I have ……….. pens . I don't need any more .
( a little – little - a few – few )
3. I don't have ………………. time left .
( many - some - much – few )
4. will you bring me …………. sugar ?
( any - some - few - a lot )
5. Egypt has……………. natural resources .
( little - few - a lot of - a little )
6. I take a……………….. of honey every morning .
( jar - tube – glass - spoonful )
7. He hasn't got ……………furniture in his house .
( a lot of – some – any – many )
8. There are …………….. books on the shelf . They are not enough .
( many- few - a lot of - any)
9. He needs ……………. bread to make a sandwich .
( a few - a lot of - a loaf of – many )
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10. All the news ………….good .
( are – were - have been – is )
11. I have…………… CDs . I need some more .
( little - a little - a few- few )
12. The luggage …………..labelled.
( are- is - are being - have been )
13. She eats just one …………… of meat everyday .
( slice - lump - kilo - packet )
14. My brother has ………………..experience , so he didn't get the job .
( a little - a few - little - few )
15. The attack on the shop caused ……….damage
( a few - many - a lot of - few )
16. Are there ………………. biscuits left ?
( some – an - any - a )
17. How ……………… people are there in the team?
( many – much – little - more)
18. Thirty pounds ……………….. a lot of money for a five – year – old wallet.
( is - are - were - have been )
19. The trousers you bought for me ……………….. fit me.
( doesn't - don't - isn't - hasn't )
20. The police ……………… to interview two men about the robbery .
( want – wants - has wanted - is wanted )
21. Can I borrow you scissors ? Mine ………………….. sharp enough.
( isn't - aren't - doesn't - don't )
22. I can't find my binoculars ‫ تلسكوب‬. Do you know where …………………. ?
( it is - they are - it was - was it )
23. There are too ……………. people on the ship , it is going to sink.
( much- little – more – many )
24. Dou you think the people…………….. happy with the government?
( are - was - is - has been )
25. …………… the police know how the accident happened?
( Does – Is - was – Do )
Find the mistakes and write the sentence correctly :
1. After left university, he worked as a lawyer.
2. Our luggage are searched carefully.
3. They are nice person
4. Much people don't have enough to eat
5. This socks are fine
6. Athletics are important.
7. She has got a little books.
8. How much clothes have you bought?
9. He went to a schools in the village.
10. The Egyptian teams is very clever.
11. How much coffees have you drink today?.
12. Do we have a rice left?
13. How many money do you need for your holiday?
14. Fifty degrees are a very high temperature
15. Athletics were my father's favourite sport
16. The team usually plays very well.
17. Rice are very little.
18. How much people are there in your team?
19. One of the players in the team are very tall.
20. The Egyptian teams is very clever.
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Test 2
1.You're asked why you admire Dr. Magdi Yacoub.
2.A friend asks you what you would like to be after leaving school.
3.Salem wants to know the best thing about your school.
4.You're asked why you'd like to be a civil engineer.
2) Supply where these situations take place and who the speakers are: Place: ……………….
1- A: Can I help you ? Speaker A:………….
B: Yes, I like to book a double room for a week. How much is it? Speaker B:………….
A: It’s 50 pounds per night. function
Place: ……………….
2- A: What’s wrong with you? Speaker A:………….
B: I have a headache. Speaker B:………….
A: Take these tablets three times a day. function
1. Films and books can sometimes help people to ……….. from their worries.
a- escape b- escaping c- escapist d- escapism
2. Anthony Hope’s first novel was …………. in 1890.
a- publish b- publishing c- published d- publication
3. Novels are usually works of …………., but they are often based on real life.
a- fictional b- fictionalize c- fictions d- fiction
4. The Prisoner of Zenda ………. Hope a lot of money.
a- took b- made c- let d- did
5. The king was kidnapped and ……………. in the castle.
a- looked b- booked c- blocked d- locked
6. My sister had a good …………. . She went one of the best universities.
a- educating b- education c- educate d- well-educated
7. People believe he died after he fell ……….. his horse.
a- of b- with c- from d- off
8. Zenda is the town ………. Elphberg is locked in the castle.
a- which b- where c- what d- that
9. Three days ……………………. long enough for a good holiday.
a- weren't c- aren't c- haven't been d- isn't
10. Fortunately the news ………………….. as bad as we expected.
a- wasn't b-weren't c- haven't been d- don't
11. I don't have ……………… furniture.
a- many b- much c- some d- a lot of
12. Did you bring ………………… oil.
a- any b- some c- an d- a
13. I have a new ………………….. of shoes.
a- couple b- double c- twin d- pair
14. Dou you think the people --------- happy with the government?
a- are b- was c- is d- has been
15. --------- the police know how the accident happened?
a- Does b- Is c- was d- Do
16. Money ----------- the root of all evils.
a- are b- have been c- has d- is
1. Hope wrote short stories to magazines.
2. The amazing thing about this book was how quick he wrote it.
3. Is a fiction story true or invented?
4. Our luggage are searched carefully.
5. Much people don't have enough to eat.
6. Athletics are important.
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Did you think of money? Is it important to us or not ? Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, summed up the four
chief qualities of money some 2000 years ago. It must be lasting and easy to recognize, to divide, and to carry. This
means it must be, “ durable, distinct, divisible and portable ? “. When we think of money today, We picture it either
as round, flat pieces of metal, which we call coins or as printed paper notes. But there are still parts of the world
today where coins and notes are of no use .They will buy nothing, and a traveller might starve if he had none of the
particular local “ money “ to exchange for food .Among isolated people, who are nooften reached by traders from
outside commerce usually means barter . This is a direct exchange for pots, baskets, or other manufactured goods.
For this kind of trading, money is not needed, but there is often something that everyone wants and everybody can
use, such as salt to flavour food, shells for ornaments, or iron and copper to make into tools and vessels. These
things :Salt, shells or metals are still used as money in some primitive parts of the world today.
1.Which of the four qualities of money, do you think, is the most essential?
2.How would you describe money at present ?
3.What does the underlined word ( barter ) mean ?
4.Give a suitable title for the passage ?
B) Choose the correct answer :
5.In some isolated parts of the world money is …………………….
a) needed for trading b) not needed for trading
c) needed for buying thing d) wanted as coins or paper notes
6.In some parts of the world today where coins and notes are of no use we can………………
a) exchange goods b) use local money only
c) use any other money d) buy nothing
7.According to the passage, everyone in the isolated parts needs ……………………
a) only salt to flavour food b) iron and copper to make into tools
c) salt , shells , iron and copper d) tools and vessels
In 1961, John Kennedy became president ‫رئيس‬. The world was then introduced to his beautiful wife Jacqueline
Bouvier Kennedy. She was intelligent, graceful ‫رشيقة‬, and beautiful. Americans and the world fell in love with her.
She was born Jacqueline Lee Bouvier in 1929. She lived in New York City and East Hampton, Long Island.
She loved riding horses and had lessons at a very early age. She went to private schools. Her interests were
writing poems and stories, ballet ‫الباليه‬, and drawing.
Jacqueline traveled all over the world. She became a photographer for a Washington D.C. newspaper and
soon met Senator John Kennedy. She married John Kennedy in 1953. They had two children, Caroline, and John
Jr., who was born just before John Kennedy became president in 1960. The family moved into the White House.
They had another child Patrick, who was born prematurely ‫ قبل األوان‬and died. A president's wife is called the First
Lady. As First Lady, Jackie promoted the “arts”. She introduced the world to the White House by conducting tours
for visitors. She had many responsibilities, but her children always were her top priority ‫األولوية‬.
Tragedy ‫ مأساة‬struck ‫ حلت‬with the assassination ‫ اغتيال‬of President Kennedy. Jacqueline Kennedy had to care
for her children alone. She moved to New York City. She protected the children from all the publicity ‫عَ لَنيّة‬. She
wanted as much privacy ‫ خصوصية‬as possible, but the people and press always wanted to know about her life.
She married Aristotle Onassis in 1968 and lived in Greece. After his death she moved back to New York City
and was the editor ‫ محررة‬for Doubleday. She died in 1994. She is remembered for her grace and beauty, her love
of words and her family.
A. Answer the following questions:
1.When did Jacqueline marry John Kennedy?
2.What did Jacqueline do after John Kennedy’s assassination?
3.Where did Jacqueline live when she married Onassis?
4.Why is Jacqueline Kennedy remembered?
B- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
5.Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis was born in……………………..
a) 1964 b) 1929 c) 1953 d) none of these
6.Jacqueline’s interests were……………………………….
a) riding horses b) writing c) ballet d) all of these
7.As first lady, Jacqueline’s first priority was………………………
a) riding horses b) the arts c) her children d) the American people
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D- The Novel
1. What did Leila take with her when she travelled to Peru?
2. What memories did Leila have in Peru?
3. What was amazing about the Incas?
B) Read the following quotation. then answer the questions
“I have never been to South America before.”
1.Who said this to whom?
2.Why was the speaker going to South America?
3.What were the speaker’s feelings about flying?
c) Complete the following sentences:
1.Researchers in Cairo were so clever that …………………………………………..
2.Leila realized that she was in Cairo when ………………………………………….
3.The Incas were tough because ………………………………………………………..
E- Writing
8) Write a reply to the following letter :
Your name is Nader and you live at 16 Ahmed Saed Street Abbassia, Cairo.
Dear Nader,
How nice to write to you gain after so long. I have finished my final exams. Now I’m free.
I’m thinking of going to Gamasa this year. What about you ? Please, tell me about your plans for
the summer holiday. Please write soon.
Yours,
Hazem
F- Translation
9) A- Translate into Arabic:
Escapism stories are stories that make us to forget about our worries and troubles. They take us
to the world of imagination and thinking. the are the same as fictional stories that are not real or true.
B) Translate into English:

.‫ السجن هو المكان الذى يحبس فيه المجرمون ومرتكبو الجرائم‬
.ً‫ القصة رائعة جدا لدرجة أني ال أستطيع أن أضعها جانبا‬
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Unit 3 3rd Energy 1st Hello English
Vocabulary
liquid ‫ في شكل‬/ ‫سائل‬ push ‫ يضغط‬/ ‫يدفع‬ straight ‫ معتدل‬/ ‫مستقيم‬

molten ‫سائل‬
‫منصهر‬ impressed ‫ متأثر‬/ ‫منبهر‬ forms of ‫أشكال الطاقة‬
nuclear ‫نووي‬ blade / ‫ريشة المروحة‬ energy= sorts
types ‫أنواع‬
pipe ‫ ينقل‬/ ‫أنبوب‬ introduction ‫نصلة‬
‫مقدم‬ = kinds
save energy ‫يوفر الطاقة‬
power station ‫باألنابيب‬
‫للطاقة‬ ‫محطة‬ introduce ‫يُقدم‬ amount = quantity ‫كمية‬
wind turbine ‫توربين أو محرك‬ conclude ‫ يختم‬/ ‫يستنتج‬ pollute the ‫يلوث البيئة‬
coal ‫الفحم بقوة الرياح‬
‫يعمل‬ materials ‫مواد‬ environment
safe ‫آمن‬
renewable ‫متجدد‬ economic ‫مشكالت اقتصادية‬ public ‫المواصالت العامة‬
atomic = nuclear ‫ نووي‬/ ‫ذري‬ problems
extremely ‫للغاية‬ transport
sources of ‫مصادر الطاقة‬
geo- = earth ‫مقطع بمعني األرض‬ capture / ‫يحصل علي‬ energy
workplaces ‫أماكن العمل‬
geothermal ‫حراري أرضي‬ springs / ‫علي‬‫يستوليمياه‬
‫ينابيع‬ extinction ‫االنقراض‬
steam ‫البخار‬ smart car ‫سيارة ذكية‬ gas/petrol ‫محطة بنزين‬
create pollution ‫يسبب تلوث‬ science fiction ‫الخيال العلمي‬ station
harness ‫ يستغل‬/ ‫ يستخدم‬/ ‫يُسخر‬
sugar cane ‫قصب السكر‬ directions ‫ تعليمات‬/ ‫اتجاهات‬ damage ‫ تلف‬/ ‫ضرر‬
palm trees ‫أشجار النخيل‬ destination / ‫جهة الوصول‬ lighting ‫اإلضاءة‬
beans ‫الفول‬ speed bump ‫مقصد لتخفيف‬
‫مطب‬ thunder ‫الرعد‬
diesel ‫زيت الديزل‬ hydroelectric ‫السرعةالكهرومائية‬
‫الطاقة‬ industry ‫الصناعة‬
vehicles ‫مركبات‬ power
pressure ‫الضغط‬ company = firm ‫شركـة‬
straighten ‫ يمهد‬/ ‫يسوي‬ atom ‫الذرة‬ tower ‫برج‬
sail ‫يبحر‬ fossil fuel ‫وقود حفري‬ introduction ‫مقدمة‬
clean energy ‫الطاقة النظيفة‬ generate ‫ي ًولد‬ conclusion ‫ خاتمة‬/ ‫استنتاج‬
split ‫ينشطر‬ waste ‫ فضالت‬/ ‫نفايات‬ traditional ‫تقليدي‬
recycling ‫إعادة االستخدام‬ natural gas ‫الغاز الطبيعي‬ extensively ‫علي نطاق واسع‬
nuclear power ‫محطة للطاقة النووية‬ generation ‫ جيل‬/ ‫توليد‬ store ‫يُخزن‬
station
alternatives ‫بدائل‬ nuclear power ‫الطاقة النووية‬ lake Nasser ‫بحيرة ناصر‬
environmentalists ‫خبراء البيئة‬ thermal = heat ‫حرارة‬ incredible ‫ال يُصدًق‬
become extinct َ ‫يصبح منقرضا‬ surface ‫السطح‬ a device ‫ أداة‬/ ‫جهاز‬
countdown ‫عد تنازلي‬ electricity ‫الكهرباء‬ mass media ‫وسائل اإلعالم‬
central heating ‫التدفئة المركزية‬ drill ‫يحفر‬ electric bulb ‫مصباح كهربي‬
cooking ‫الطهي‬ vegetables ‫خضروات‬ cyclist ‫راكب دراجة‬
lightning ‫البرق‬ corn ‫الحبوب‬ fine ‫ يُغرم‬/ ‫غرامة‬
make achievements ‫يحقق انجازات‬ melting point ‫نقطة االنصهار‬ press agency ‫وكالة أنباء‬
developing ‫الدول النامية‬ drive machines ‫يُشغل اآلالت‬ nuclear ‫نزع السالح‬
countries
developed ‫الدول المتطورة‬ reduce ‫يُقلل التلوث‬ disarmament
nuclear ‫النووي نووي‬
‫مفاعل‬
countries
press conference ‫مؤتمر صحفي‬ pollution
job ‫فرص عمل‬ reactor waste
nuclear ‫النفايات النووية‬
under pressure ‫تحت ضغط‬ opportunities
natural ‫موارد طبيعية‬ boiling point ‫نقطة الغليان‬
nuclear weapons ‫أسلحة نووية‬ resources
desert ‫استصالح‬ supply and ‫العرض و الطلب‬
nuclear fission ‫انشطار نووي‬ reclamation
an urgent ‫الصحراء‬
‫عاجل لـ‬ ‫حل‬ demand
disrupt traffic ‫يُعطل المرور‬
solution to
Reading
Nothing can live without energy. People, animals and plants need energy to live and machines need
energy to work. Today, most of the energy we use still comes from fossil fuels like coal oil and gas, which have been
formed underground over millions of years. We call these non-renewable forms of energy because they can only be
used once. Because of this, we need to reduce our use of non-renewable fuels and use more renewable forms of
energy like those from the sun, wind or geothermal energy. For centuries, the wind has been used to sail ships and
to pump water. Now it is used to produce electricity. Groups of wind turbines along the Red Sea in Egypt generate
large amounts of electricity. Water is also a renewable form of energy. Huge quantities of water go through the High
Dam at Aswan from Lake Nasser. This hydroelectric power supplies Egypt with a lot of its electricity. As well as
being inexpensive to produce, this clean energy does not pollute the environment .Other countries depend on
nuclear power - power produced when atoms split. However, nuclear power produces dangerous waste which must
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be stored for thousands of years before it is safe. Accidents at nuclear power stations are extremely dangerous to
people's health ! to the environment. Energy from the sun is probably the best form of renewable energy. Scientists
believe that the sun's energy will last for another five billion years. This energy can now be captured and stored .It is
important for us to save energy in our homes and workplaces in order to stop using up non-renewable sources of
energy.
Language Notes
power force energy

power ‫ قوة ـ سلطة ـ نفوذ ـ طاقة ـ قوة محركة‬
The ship was helpless against the power of the storm.
The government came into power ‫ استلمت السلطة‬in the year 1952.
force ‫ قوة ـ قوة عسكرية‬
The force of the explosion knocked them to the ground.
A United Nation force is keeping force in the area. ‫قوة عسكرية منظمة‬
force + Obj. + to + inf. ‫ يرغم ـ يجبر‬
The floods forced people to leave their homes.
energy ‫ طاقة‬
Oil, wind and sun are sources of energy.
made in made of made from

made in ‫ صنـع في‬
This car is made in Japan .
made of ) ‫ صنـع مـن ( المادة المصنـوع منها ما زالت موجـودة‬
The bag is made of leather .
made from (‫ صنـع مـن ( المادة المصنـوع منها لم تعـد موجـودة‬
The cake is made from flour
melt dissolve
melt ) ‫ يصهر ـ ينصهر ( بالحرارة‬
The heat has melted the snow.
dissolve ) ‫ يذوب ـ يذيب ( فى سائل‬
Dissolve these pills in water.
molten ( glass - lava – rocks – metals ) ‫ منصهر في حرارة عالية جدا مثل الصخور والمعادن مثال‬
Molten rocks rushed out of the well.
melted ( ice - snow - chocolate) ‫ منصهر في حرارة عادية (يذوب) مثل الشيكوالته والثلج مثل‬
The sun melts the snow and ice.
smelt ‫ يستخرج المعدن من الخام‬
Iron ore ‫ خام‬is smelted in Helwan factory.
lie lay
lie lied lied ‫ يقــع‬
The house lies on the lake side.
lie to ‫ يكـذب علـى شخص‬
He always lies to his father.
lie about ‫ يكـذب بخصوص شـئ‬
He lies about escaping from school.
lie lay lain ‫ ينـام ـ يرقـد‬
He has lain on the floor.
lay laid laid ‫ تضـع البيـض يليهـا مفعـول بدون حـرف جـر‬
Hens lay eggs.
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provide with provide for
provide …… with …… ‫ يزود بـ‬، ‫ يمد بـ‬
Who provides him with money?
provide ……for …… ‫ يوفر‬
Who provides money for him ?
spell spill split

spell - spelled ‫ يتهـجـى‬
Spell your name, please.
spill - spilt ‫ يسكــب‬
Don’t cry over spilt milk.
split - split ‫ ينشطــر‬
Nuclear energy is made by splitting atoms
run out run out of run on

run out ) ‫( ال يأتي بعدها مفعول‬ ‫ ينفذ ـ ينقرض ـ ينتهى‬
Fossil fuels are going to run out in a few years.
run out of = finish = used up ) ‫ ينفذ من ـ ينتهى ـ يستهلك ( يأتى بعدها مفعول‬
We can't drink tea because we ran out of sugar.
run on ‫ يعمل بــ ـ يدار بــ‬
This engine runs on diesel. 
use to use for

use + object + to + inf ‫ يستخـدم‬
We use wood to make furniture . ( use for )
use + object + for + ( v + ing ) ‫ يستخـدم‬
We use wood for making furniture .
other than rather than

other than ‫ غيــر‬/ ‫ بخــالف‬
We should use several sources of energy other than fossil fuels.
rather than ‫ أكثــر مــن‬/ ‫ أفضــل مــن‬
Recycling is a way to reuse materials rather than throwing them away.
other another one of

other (‫ صفـة يتبعهـا جمـع ) و أحيانا اسم ال يعد‬
I will visit other countries . 
There was certainly other information.
other ‫ يستخدم بعدها‬the / some / every / each / many / any / no / (two, three,..) ‫ في حالة وجود أحد الكلمات اآلتية‬
Please, John, bring the other chairs here. I love my son like any other mother does.
He gave me one book and kept the other one. Ali and three other boys went to the party.
others ‫ تحل محل ضمير فاعل أو مفعول‬
Some people are rich; others‫ البعض األخر‬are poor.
Some writers are greater than others‫ اآلخرين‬.
another ‫ صفـة يتبعهـا اسـم مفـرد‬
I will read another story .
another ( = one more / a different one )
This tea is nice. I’d like another cup. He lost his job. He’s trying to find another
another + ( few / number : two, three,…. ) one.
The woman lived for another ten days. I’d like to stay here for another few weeks.
one of ‫ ما يقـع بعـدها اسم جمع والفعل مفـرد‬
One of my friends is a doctor .
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let allow
let + ‫ المصــدر‬+ ‫مفعــول‬ ‫ يسمـح‬
I let him go out .
allow ( permit ) + ‫ مفعــول‬+ to + ‫مصـــدر‬ ‫ يسمـح‬
I allowed him to go out .
allow + ( v + ing ) ‫ يسمـح‬
My father doesn't allow staying up late.
keep
keep a record of = record ‫ يسجـــل‬
You need to keep a record of new words.
keep + object + ( v + ing ) - adjective ‫ يحافظ على‬

The new colour kept the room welcoming.
I can't keep any one waiting for over two hours.
find found
find / found / found ‫ يجد‬
Researchers are hoping to find a cure for the disease.
found / founded / founded ‫ يؤسس‬
The town was founded by English settlers.
Expressions
pump to the surface ‫يضخ إلي السطح‬ on the earth's surface ‫علي سطح األرض‬
below the earth's surface ‫تحت سطح األرض‬ in molten form ‫في شكل منصهر‬
be connected to ‫متصل بـ‬ come up ‫يصعد ألعلي‬
in other ways ‫بطرق أخري‬ turn into ‫يتحول إلي‬
do without = dispense with ‫يستغني عن‬ rely on = depend on ‫يعتمد علي‬
last for ‫يستمر لمدة‬ dangerous to ‫خطير علي‬
instead of ‫بدال من‬ afford to + inf. ‫لديه ما يكفي من المال لـ‬
make use of ‫ يستغل‬/ ‫يستفيد من‬ develop new forms of ‫يطور أشكاالَ جديدة من‬
do a survey into ‫يقوم بدراسة أو استطالع رأي‬ at the weekend ‫في عطلة نهاية األسبوع‬
at a high speed ‫بسرعة عالية‬‫في‬ be produced from ‫يُنتًج من‬
supply .. with ‫بـ‬.. ‫يُزود‬ go through ‫يمر من خالل‬
along the red sea ‫بمحاذاة البحر األحمر‬ sail ships ‫يُوجه أو يُسير السفن‬
generate electricity ‫يُولد الكهرباء‬ take part in ‫يشارك في‬
something goes wrong with ‫خطأ أو عطل يحدث في‬ along the motorway ‫علي طول الطريق السريع‬
connect to the internet ‫يتصل باالنترنت‬ in this way ‫وبهذه الطريقة‬
drive on the road ‫يقود السيارة علي الطريق‬ all over the world
useful for drivers ‫مفيد للسائقين‬ forward ‫ يُرسل‬/ ‫لألمام‬
Language Functions
Asking for information ‫السؤال عن معلومات‬ Giving information ‫إعطاء معلومات‬
Excuse me, could I ask you some questions about..? Yes, of course.
Can / Could you tell me .........? Yes, that's fine..
Do you know anything about.......? Yes, certainly.
Does that mean ..........? I'd rather not answer that question.
Thank you for your time. ‫عن سؤال‬
You're ‫عدم (الرغبة في اإلجابة‬
welcome ‫حالةالرد‬
‫)فيفيحالة‬
How do you usually (go to school)? I usually …
What does "…" mean? It means.. / You can look it up in the
dictionary.
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Exercise
1. ………………. energy is a non-renewable energy.
( sun - water - coal – geothermal )
2. Some forms of energy will ………………. forever.
( charge - run out - release - last )
3. Coal, gas and oil are all forms of ………………. energy.
( nuclear - natural - renewable - atomic )
4. When the battery of a solar-powered vehicle runs out, it needs to be ……………….
( reproduced - recharged - revised - radiate )
5. Which ………………. do we get most of our energy from?
( resource - reward - recycle - renew )
6. Its important for us to ………………. the use of energy
( increase - recycle - reduce - generate )
7. Energy………………. living to move about, grow and develop
( makes - allows - lets - gives )
8. Coal, oil and natural gas are all ………………. fuels.
( atomic - fossil - nuclear – solar )
9. ………………. are the decayed remains of animals and plants that died millions of year ago.
( layers - fossil - make - atoms )
10. It takes millions of years ………………. or renew fossil fuels.
( to make - making - make - makes )
11. Fossil fuels are ………………. fuels.
( non-renewable - recycled - renewable - recharged )
12. The world ………………. so much on energy.
( thanks - reminds - depends - remains )
13. We need to find new forms of energy that will never run ……………….
( over - into - out - away )
14. A wind farm is group of ………………. that are used to produce electricity.
( fossil - windmills - turbines – winds )
15. Rubbish is also a ………………. source of energy
( renewable - geothermal - non-renewable - nuclear )
16. The ………………. of dead plants and animals make fossils.
( returns - remains - resources – recycles )
17. I begged her to speak, she ………………. silent.
( remained - reminded - removed - remembered )
18. Our boat was ………………. by high waves.
( fueled - watered - rocked - recharged )
19. The energy for ………………. powered vehicles comes from the sun.
( petrol - solar - gas - oil )
20. For centuries, wind has been used to ………………. ships and pump water.
( blow - sail - make - renew )
21. The wind farm built along the red sea are connected ……………. turbines to generate electricity.
( to - for - with – from )
22. They need to ………………. money for the new project.
( rise - arouse - raise - arise )
23. The energy produced by means of water is called ………………. power.
( solar - hydroelectric - nuclear - non-renewable )
24. One advantage of hydroelectricity is that it is cheap……………….
( produce - to produce - producing - produces )
25. When atoms ………………. enormous amount of energy are released
( spilt - spoilt - split - spelt )
26. Badly ………………. factories and companies make a lot of losses
( manager - managed - management - manage )
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27. If an atomic power station ………………. up will cause a lot of damage
( brings - sets - blows - exploits )
28. Solar energy is ………………. to the earth as heat and light
( pumped - recycled - generated - radiated )
29. There is enough nuclear energy in the sun to Keep it ………………. for another 5 billion years.
( shines - shining - to shine - shine )
30. Nuclear energy in the sun is what makes it ……………….
( shine - shining - shines - to shine )
31. To help save energy, buy products made from ………………. material
( recharged - radiated - recycled -reduced )
32. ………………. is a way to reuse paper and glass rather than throwing them away
( Returning - Recycling - Restoring - Repeating )
33. A ………………. site is where waste material is buried under layers of earth
( landslide - landfill - landscape - landfall )
34. ………………. energy is the energy we get from the heat inside the earth
( Nuclear - Solar - Hydroelectric - Geothermal )
35. Molten metal or rock is ………………. because it is very hot.
( solid - renewable - hard – liquid )
36. Please time how long I will take to do 5 ………………. around the playground.
( taps - laps - tops - lips )
37. He had a swim and lay on the sand to ………………. himself.
( sun - fuel – moon – hot )
38. The ……………….of dead plants and animals make fossils.
( returns - remains – resources - recycles )
39. I begged her to speak, she ……………….………………. silent.
( remained - reminded - removed - remembered )
40. Our boat was ………………. by high waves.
( fueled - watered - rocked - recharged )
41. The energy for ………………. powered vehicles comes from the sun.
( petrol - solar - gas – oil )
42. Scientists are now working ………………. ways to use solar power instead of petrol vehicles.
( for - at - in - on )
43. Much electricity ………… in Egypt today comes from the High Dam.
( generate - generates - generated - generating )
44. "Wind farm" in Egypt are used to produce electric ……………. .
( force - power - strength - ability )
45. I decided to spend the summer holiday in Port Said ………….. spending it abroad.
( rather than - or rather - rather - would rather )
1-Mona felt tired because she would been working all day.
2-We were having a meeting this morning when suddenly all the lights were going out.
3-At the moment my sister trains to be a primary teacher.
4-Metals are expanding when they are heated.
5-She does research on plants a few years ago.
6-I knew him for ten years.
7-I didn't see the film yet.
8-What do your do? – I'm reading a story.
9-The better thing about this job is that it is well-paid.
10-She felt ashamed because she did a silly mistake.
We cannot make real progress unless we use modern technology in all fields of life. In this way we
can lead a better life and enjoy welfare and prosperity. We can also keep up with advanced countries.
.‫مصـر غنيـة بآثارهـا التى تجذب السيـاح من كل أنحـاء العالم‬ 
1
Grammar
Present Simple
He – ‫ إذا كـان فاعـل الجمـلـة مفـرد غـائـب‬s – es – ies ‫ـ هـو التصريـف األول للفعــل بإضافة‬: ‫البسيـط‬ ‫المضــارع‬ 
.‫رد‬She – It
‫اسـم مفـ‬ ‫أو‬
I play football with my friends. He plays football with his friends.
. ss – sh – ch – o – x ‫ إذا كان منتهيـا ً بــ‬es ‫ نضيـف للفعـل‬
She goes to school on foot. She passes her exam.
He washes his car every week. A cat catches mice.
‫ مسبوقة بحـرف‬y ‫ مـع المفرد الغائب إذا كانت‬es ‫ ثم نضيـف‬i ‫ فيحـول إلى‬y ‫ـا بحـرف‬e‫ إذا كان الفعل منتهي‬
. ‫حـرف متحـرك فتبقـى كمـا هـي‬ y ‫سـاكن أمـا و إذا سبـق‬
Try tries fly flies study studies
‫ـ‬: ‫الكلمـات الدالـة عليـه‬

usually ‫ عادة‬often ‫ غالبا‬rarely ‫نادرا‬
sometimes ‫ أحيانا‬frequently ‫ مرارا ـ تكرارا‬never ‫أبدا‬
always ‫ دائما‬generally ‫ عامة‬every + ‫مدة‬ ‫كل‬
: ‫ـ يستخــــدم المضـــارع البسيـــط للتعبيـــر عـــن‬: ‫ استخـدامــه‬
‫ أحـداث متكــررة أو عـــادات‬
I get up at six everyday. My father usually goes to work by car.
‫ حقــائـق أو وصــف‬
The Sun rises in the morning. We write English from left to right.
: ‫ يستخدم المضارع البسط ( أو المضارع التام ) بعد الروابط اآلتية والفعل الثاني يكون مستقبل أو أمر‬
After/ Before/ When / As soon as / the moment /till / until + ‫ تام‬e‫مضارع بسيط أو مضارع‬
After I write the letter, I’ll go out.
She won’t go to the bank until she gets the cheque..
First she will take some exercise. Then she will use the computer. ( Before )
Before she uses the computer, she will take some exercise.
: ‫ الحظ أنه يمكن استخدام فعل أمر بدال من المستقبل البسيط‬
After you finish your work, call me. Before you go to bed, turn off the lights.
‫ـ‬: ‫ نفـى المضــارع البسيــط‬
. S ‫ مـع فعـل بــدون‬don't ( + e‫ ) المصـدر‬
I play tennis. I don't play tennis.
They run. They don't run.
. S ‫ مـع فعـل بــ‬doesn't ( + ‫ ( المصـدر‬
He speaks English. He doesn't speak English.
. never ‫ تنفـى بـ‬usually – sometimes – always - often ‫ الكلمـات‬
I always get up early. I never get up early.
She usually watches TV at night. She never watches TV at night.
‫ـ‬: ‫الحـظ مـا يلي‬ 
= It is someone's habit + to + ‫مصـدر‬
Usually in the habit of + ( v + ing ) =
be used to + ( v + ing ) =
It is my habit to get up early. ( usually)
I usually get up early. ( in )
I'm in the habit of getting up early. ( used )
I'm used to getting up early.
1
‫ـ‬: ‫ المضــارع البسيــط فى المبنى للمجهول‬
pp + ) am – is – are (
Active : The servant keeps the house clean.
Passive : The house is kept clean by the servant.
Active : We collect rubbish from the class.
Passive : Rubbish is collected
Active : He doesn't eat meat
Passive : Meat isn't eaten
Exercise
1.Wood burns for heating
2.Instead of burning wood , plants and trees grow.
3.We use active form when it isn't important who does the action.
4.Holes is drilled into the Earth to find hot water.
5.In some cities rubbish is burnt to produce fuels.
6.waste is burnt underground.
7.The sun rise in the earth.
8.Our post is delivering every morning.
9.The food is preparing in that restaurant.
10.Water are brought to people's houses in plastic bottles.
11.Heat and light comes from the sun.
12.We are used petrol in our cars.
13.Go straight home when the bell ring……………….
14.He speak two languages.
15.When is your father go to work every morning?
16.I'm thinking he is English.
17.Water is boiling at 100 °C.
18.He can't speak to you just now. He has a shower.
19.Is this watch belonging to Ahmed?
20.Oil finds far beneath the earth.
21.Are you wanting to speak to him now?
22.How often is she going to the club?
23.What is your father doing? –He's an engineer.
24.Wood uses to make paper.
25.My office cleans every day.
26.Where is he coming from? – England.
27.I am owing him 50 pounds. I'll pay it back next week.
28.This place rarely visits by anyone.
29. Things aren't always what they are appeared to be.
30.When she is meeting him, she will tell him the truth.
Test 3
1.Sameh asks you about your plans for your next weekend.
2.You're asked about the best way to keep fit.
3.Farid asks you about the characteristics of a good friend.
4.You're asked about the importance of sport.
2) Supply where these situations take place and who the speakers are: Place: ……………….
1- A: Can you show me where I can try this dress on? Speaker A:………….
B: The fitting rooms are on the left over there Speaker B:………….
A: thank you. function
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Place: ……………….
2- A: How long have you been feeling unwell? Speaker A:………….
B: Since Sunday Speaker B:………….
A: Well, you need to take one of these tablets 3 times a day. function
1."Nuclear energy" is the powerful force produced when the nucleus of an atom either …………..
or combines with another atom.
a-spells b- splits c- spills d- spoils
2.Rubbish is a cheap sort of …………….….. energy.
a- nuclear b- non-smoking c- non-renewable d- renewable
3.When oil …………………., it is pumped to the surface.
a- find b- found c- is found d- founded
4.Hydroelectric power does not ……….the atmosphere
a- purify b- pollinate c- pollute d- promote
5.Scientists ………to find more sources of renewable energy.
a- is wanted b- am wanted c- has wanted d- want
6.We can benefit from newspapers by ………..
a-a- recycling b- making c- using d- cleaning
7.My sister ……..at six tomorrow morning.
a- arrives b- arrived c- has arrived d- was arrived
8.Windmills are connected to turbines to ………electricity.
a- motivate b- radiate c- generate d- facilitate
9."A hydro-electric station" uses ……………… power to produce electricity.
a-wind b- coal c- water d- oil
10.It takes ………………….. of years for fossil fuels to form.
a-thousands b- hundreds c- millions d- billions
11.In many parts of the word , wood ………………….. to heat people's homes.
a- burn b- burns c- is burnt d- are burnt
12.Sugar cane ………………….. and used to make fuel.
a- grow b- grows c- grown d- is grown
13.We ………………….. water to the surface and heat it again.
a- pump b- pumps c- are pumped d- is pumped
14.Water ………………….. to the surface and heated again.
a- pumps b- is pumped c- pump d- are pumped
15.The tower ………………….. in an open place.
a– build b- builds c- is building d- is built
16.………………….. means using water power to produce electricity.
a- Wind b- Solar c- Atomic d- Hydroelectric
1.Oil company is searched for oil everywhere
2.The sun rise in the earth.
3.The food is preparing in that restaurant.
4.Water are brought to people's houses in plastic bottles.
5.Heat and light comes from the sun.
6.We are used petrol in our cars.
My advice about learning to drive would be to have proper lessons from a qualified instructor and never to
let a friend or family member try to teach you. It's a guaranteed way to spoil a good relationship. Every Sunday,
when the traffic was quieter, my father would pick me up and take me for a drive along the streets of our
hometown and give me a lecture on how to drive, explaining everything he was doing and why. Eventually it was
my turn to have a go. My dad was so nervous that he panicked before I'd even started up the engine. He used to
shout at the slightest mistake, and when the lesson was finally over he'd come home and have a large glass of
whisky to calm down.
Answer the following questions:
1- According to the writer, who is the best person to teach you how to drive?
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2- What do you think about the writer's father?
3- Find words in the passage which mean:
a) felt very frightened b) having suitable knowledge, experience or skills
4- The underlined word he refers to ------------------.
a) the writer b) the instructor c) the writer's father d) the writer's friend
5- The writer's father used to teach him how to drive --------------------.
a) once a week b) every Monday c) twice a month d) every day
In Egypt, the tourism industry has come to hold a position of great importance lately. It is felt that it could
help increase the national income. In some European countries, tourism has brought in millions of dollars yearly,
although they lack the natural and historical attractions we have in Egypt.
We could, for instance, establish tourist villages for children on the Red Sea. We could teach fishing,
swimming, diving and sailing there. Another good idea would be a village in the New Valley for horse riding. And
what about villages for people with health problems like rheumatism? The warm dry climate of Aswan and Helwan
would certainly help them get better.
Our tourist today wants efficient and friendly service. He would probably prefer to try our samples of our
local food rather than to eat the international meals, which are served, in some places.
It must also be remembered that most tourists nowadays are seldom rich. Many of them are students or
hardworking employees. So what is needed is not expensive hotels but clean comfortable places to sleep and eat
in at reasonable prices. This, too, would encourage Egyptians to travel more and more around their lovely
country.
A) Answer the following questions:
1.How could we encourage Egyptians to see more and more of their country?
2.Why has tourism become very important?
3.What sort of people did the writer suggest to enjoy our warm dry climate?
4.What does the underlined pronoun “it” in the first paragraph refer to?
B) Choose the correct answer:
5.The writer feels that Egypt has….... the other countries which make much money out of tourism.
a) less attractions than b) the least attractions of
c) the same attractions as d) more attractions than
6.According to the writer, if someone has pains in his muscles and joints, he should go to ………
a) Europe b) Aswan c) The Red Sea d) The New Valley
7.Our hotels should be ……………………………….
a) expensive b) too cheap c) too expensive d) at reasonable prices
D- The Novel
1- What did Lander tell Leila about his work?
2- What made Leila suspect Lander?
3- Why did Leila study archaeology in Rome?
B) Read the following quotation and answer the questions:
“Yes, of course. They asked about it in Customs.”
1- Who said this to whom?
2- What does “it” refer to?
3- Where did this conversation take place?
1- When Lander knew that Leila was an archaeologist, he seemed ………… .
2- Dr Hafez worked in Luxor in………………….………………………………………… .
3- The customs let Leila through when …………………………..……………………. .
E- Writing
8) Write a paragraph of seven about:
" The traffic problem in big cities ".
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‫‪There are many different forms of natural energy that give us light and power in our homes and work.‬‬
‫‪One of these forms is hydroelectric power, which is a renewable source of energy. It's cheap to produce‬‬
‫‪.and doesn’t pollute the atmosphere‬‬

‫‪ ‬سوف تدوم بعض مصادر الطاقة مدى الحياة‪ ،‬والبعض األخر ينفذ قريباً‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬إن الماء مصدر هام للطاقة الكهرومائية فهي رخيصة كما أنها ال تلوث الجو المحيط بنا‪.‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
Unit 4 3rd Writers and stories 1st Hello English
Vocabulary
pioneer ‫رائد‬ short stories ‫قصص قصيرة‬ power ‫قوة‬

papers ‫الجرائد‬ is publish = come out ‫تنشر‬ education ‫تربية‬
literature ‫األدب‬ culture ‫ثقافة‬ support ‫ يؤيد‬- ‫تأييد‬
writer ‫الكاتب‬ disabled ‫معاق‬ massive ‫ضخم‬
expert on ‫خبير‬ earthquake ‫زلزال‬ penname ‫اسم مستعار‬
district of ‫منطقة ـ مقاطعة‬ won a prize ‫يفوز بجائزة‬ novel ‫ جديد‬- ‫رواية‬
a graduate of ‫خريج من‬ a collection of ‫مجموعة من‬ poem ‫قصيدة‬
graduated from ‫تخرج من‬ society ‫مجتمع كبير‬ believe in ‫يؤمن‬
law ‫القانون‬ community
customs ‫عادات ـ جمرك‬ interviewer ‫ محاور‬- ‫مذيع‬
lawyer ‫المحامى‬ habits ‫عادات فردية‬ university ‫جامعة‬
work for e‫يعمل لحساب‬ traditions ‫متكرر‬
‫التقاليد‬ magazine ‫مجلة‬
work as ‫يعمل كـ‬ traditional ‫تقليدي‬ full of ‫ملئ بـ‬
area ‫ منطقة‬-‫مساحة‬ development ‫تطور‬ excellent ‫ممتاز‬
career ‫الحياة المهنية‬ develop ‫يطور‬ affect ‫يؤثر فى‬
diplomat ‫الدبلوماسى‬ respect ‫يحترم ـ‬ effect ‫تأثير‬
abroad ‫خارج الوطن‬ translate into ‫احترام‬
‫يترجم‬ journalism ‫صحافة‬
experience ‫خبرة‬ Russian ‫روسي‬ journalist ‫صحفي‬
hotel manager insist on ‫يصر على‬ sailor ‫بحار‬
‫مدير فندق‬
confusing ‫ مربك‬- ‫مشوش‬ attachments ‫ملحقات‬ pay ‫يدفع‬
used to + inf ‫اعتاد أن‬ headache ‫صداع‬ village ‫القرية‬
fixed ‫ثابت‬ check ‫ يفحص‬-‫مراجعة‬ deliver ‫يسلم ـ يوصل‬
break ‫ راحة‬- ‫يكسر‬ publisher ‫الناشر‬ delivery ‫توصيل‬
biography ‫قصيرة الذاتية‬
‫السيرة‬ product ‫ينتج‬ summary ‫ ملخص‬- ‫موجز‬
average of ‫المتوسط‬ production
‫ج‬/production ‫إنتاج‬ reports ‫تقارير‬
old-fashioned ‫موضة قديمة‬ behavior ‫سلوك‬ competition ‫منافسة‬
fashionable ‫على الموضة‬ behave ‫يتصرف‬ retired ‫متقاعد‬
‫مطابق للزى الحديث‬
stylish ‫ أنيق‬- ‫على الموضة‬ heart transplant ‫عملية وزراعة‬ European ‫أوروبي‬
style ‫ أسلوب‬-‫طريقة‬ surgeon ‫الطبيب الجراح‬‫قلب‬ cut down ‫يقلل‬
routine ‫روتين يومي‬ playwright ‫كاتب مسرحى‬ the poor ‫الفقراء‬
enforce the law ‫يُطبق أو ينفذ‬ human resources ‫الموارد البشرية‬ enter a competition ‫يدخل مسابقة‬
widen horizons ‫القانوناآلفاق‬
‫يوسع‬ eliminate illiteracy ‫يمحو األمية‬ social justice ‫العدالة االجتماعية‬
Reading
YEHIA HAQQI
YEHIA HAQQI was one of the pioneers of modern Egyptian Literature . As well as being an important
writer , he was an expert on Arab culture.YEHIA HAQQI was born in 1905 in Sayyida Zeinab district of Cairo. He
graduated in law and worked for a short time as a lawyer. In 1929 , he began his career as a diplomat and he
worked abroad for more than 20 years . The time he spent in France , Italy , Turkey and Libya gave him
experiences he later used in his writing.
At the same time as he was working , Haqqi was also writing stories. His first short story , published (came
out) in 1925, established him as one of the great short story writers of the Arab world.
Haqqi always wanted to help poor and disabled people. He had to go to hospital after an earthquake in
Cairo , but he gave his bed to a poor person who he thought needed it more. In 1955 , he wrote a collection of
short stories about the poor and the disabled which won an important prize . Another of his stories , the postman ,
was made into a film. Haqqi wrote in a new way about Arab society and customs in the twentieth century .Haqqi
was also interested in the Arabic language and he developed a new style of writing which is respected today.
As well as writing his own novels and stories , Haqqi also translated Russian , French , Italian and Turkish
literature into Arabic He was a very strong believer in the power of education and supported many young Egyptian
writers. Haqqi died in 1992, but is still thought of as the father of the modern short story and the novel in Egypt.
1
Language Notes
biography autobiography
biography ‫ سيـرة ذاتيـة لشخـص يكتبهـا شخـص آخـر‬
Famous people have different biographies written about them.
autobiography ‫ سيـرة ذاتيـة لشخـص يكتبهـا الشخـص نفسـه‬
He published his autobiography last year.
win beat gain earn

win ) ‫ يفـوز ــ يكسب ( كأس ـ مبـاراة ـ انتخابات‬
Egypt will win the cup I hope.
beat ) ‫ يهـزم ـ يتغـلب على ( شخـص أو فـريق‬
America could beat Sadam.
gain ) ‫ يكتسب ـــ يحصل على شىء معنوى مفيد ( خبـرة ـ معـرفة معلـومات ـ شهرة‬
You gained a lot of information from the conference .
‫ وتشير إلى زيادة فى الوزن ـ السرعة ـ الكمية‬
Ali gained 3 kilos in weight in the last month. The plane gained speed to take off .
earn ‫ يكسب ( قوت أو رزق ) مقابل عمل‬
People work hard to earn money. He works hard to earn his living .
retire resign
retire ) ‫ يحـال للمعـاش ( يتقـاعـد‬
When the employee is 60, he retires and can live on his pension.
resign ) ‫ ) يستقيـل من العمـل‬
Mr Ahmed resigned his position last week.
habit custom tradition

habit ‫ عـادة شخـص‬
Listening to loud music is a bad habit.
custom ‫ عـادة شعب‬
Celebrating Sham El- Nasim is an Egyptian custom.
tradition ‫ شـئ مـوروث‬
She wrote under a pen name because of the traditions she was brought up in.
award reward present a ward prize

award ( ‫ يمنـح ـ منحـة ـ جائـزة ( مقابـل عمـل شـئ بإجادة‬
She was awarded her PHD in 1985. He won the academy award this year.
reward ‫للمجتمع‬ ‫خدمـة‬ ‫تقديـم‬ ‫ يكافـئ ـ مكـافـأة ( مقابـل سلـوك حسـن أو عمـل جيـد ) أو‬
He used to give us pens as a reward when we were good.
present = gift ‫ هدية بدون مقابل‬
My uncle gave me a present on my birthday party.
a ward ‫ جناح ـ عنبر فى مستشفى‬
Take this patient to a ward No. Four.
prize ‫ جائزة ( نقدية أو رحلة مثال ) تمنح لشخص نجح في عمل شيء‬
She got the first prize in the race.
politician diplomat
politician ‫ رجل السياسة‬
Yesterday's interview was a debate between two politicians.
diplomat ) ‫ دبلوماسي ( في سفارة أو في وزارة الخارجية‬
Ahmed works as a diplomat in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
1
on board broad abroad
on board ( ...... ‫ على متن ( سفينة ـ طائرة‬
I climbed on board of the ship.
broad ‫ عريض‬
Ali has broad shoulders.
abroad ‫ الخارج‬
My uncle travelled abroad.
graduate
graduate from ‫ يتخـرج مـن‬
He graduated from the Faculty of Medicine.
a graduate of ‫ خـريـج‬
He is a graduate of the Faculty of Medicine.
graduate with a degree in ‫ يتخـرج بشهـادة فـى‬
He graduated with a degree in history.
publish spread prevail

publish ( ‫ يعلن ـ ينشر ( كتاب‬
He works for a company that publishes reference books.
spread ‫ ينشر ـ ينتشر‬
Terrorism spreads panic among all classes of society.
prevail ‫ يسود ـ يعم‬
Justice will prevail over tyranny.
disabled retarded backward

disabled ‫ ذو إعاقـة جسـدية‬
We take disabled children on trips at the weekends.
retarded ‫ ذو إعاقـة عقليـة‬
Retarded children go to special school where they get special care.
backward ) ‫ متخلف عن النمـو الطبيعى ( شخـص ـ دولة‬
backward children need to learn more slowly than others.
The UN helps backward countries.
work job career profession

work ) ‫ عمـل ـ مكـان العمـل ( اسم ال يعـد‬
I have got a lot of work to do. Mr Ahmed leaves work at two o'clock.
job ( ‫ وظيفة ـ مهنـه ( اسم يعـد‬
He has got a job as a teacher. I have got a lot of jobs to do.
career ‫ مهنـه الحياة العملية للفـرد‬
He started his career five years ago.
profession ( ‫ مهنـه ( تحتـاج إلى مؤهـالت وتـدريـب‬
Teaching is a profession.
experience experiences experiment

experience )‫الخبرة (ما يكتسبه الشخص من معرفة ومهارات من خالل عمل معين – ال تُجمع‬ 
They offered me the job because I had a lot of experience.
experiences ‫مواقف أو تجارب أو خبرات في الحياة‬ 
I had some interesting experiences while I was travelling. (= things that happened to me)
experiment ‫تجربة علمية إلثبات صحة شيء ما أو التوصل لنتائج معينة‬ 
Teachers usually carry out simple experiments in the laboratory.
1
routine red tape
routine ) ‫ روتين شخصي ( عمل نفس الشئ في نفس الوقت كل يوم‬
My daily routine is to go to the club.
red tape ( ‫ روتين حكومي ) تعقيدات حكومية‬
I had a lot of red tape to get my passport.
Week second month year minute hour day

:‫ الحظ عدم جمع الكلمات اآلتية إذا جاء قبلها عدد وبعدها اسم‬
I usually have a ten-minute break for coffee at midday.
a five-hour meeting a three-day trip
:‫ ولكننا نقول‬
The trip took three days. The meeting lasted for five hours.
:‫') في حالة الجمع‬s ( ‫)) في حالة المفرد و‬s ' ‫ بعد الكلمات السابقة نستخدم‬time ‫ في حالة وجود كلمة‬
in a week's time in two years' time
mend amend
mend )‫ يقوم بإصالح (شيء تالف أو ال يعمل‬
The plumber came to mend the burst pipe.
amend ‫ يقوم بإجراء تعديل أو تغيير في نص أو قانون‬
The constitution ‫ الدستور‬was amended some time ago.
other than rather than otherwise

other than = except ‫ ما عدا‬
The form cannot be signed by anyone other than yourself.
rather than = in preference to / instead of ‫ بدال من ـ مفضال شيء علي آخر‬
I think I'd like to stay at home this evening rather than go out.
otherwise = except ‫ وإال‬
You'll have to go now, otherwise you'll miss your bus.
Expressions
a ten-minute break ‫راحة لمدة عشر‬ established himself as ‫ جعل لنفسه مكانة‬/ ‫رسّخ‬
father of the modern short story ‫دقائقالقصة القصيرة‬ ‫رائد‬ make into a film ‫قصة تتحول إلى فيلم‬
write an article on ‫الحديثةمقالة عن‬
‫يكتب‬ exchange with ‫يتبادل مع‬
at a time ‫فى وقت ما‬ at the age of ‫فى سن‬
take part in ‫يشارك فى‬ as a sign of respect ‫كدليل احترام‬
take place ‫يحدث‬ successful at ‫ناجح فى‬
refer to ‫يشير إلى‬ capable of + v. + ing ‫قادر على‬
struggle for ‫يناضل من أجل‬ bring up ‫يربى‬
win a prize for ‫يفوز بجائزة لــ‬ in charge of ‫مسئول عن‬
write for ‫يكتب من أجل‬ responsible for ‫مسئول عن‬
full of ‫مملوء بــ‬ ask for ‫يطلب‬
fill---- with ‫يمأل بــ‬ change into ‫يتحول إلى‬
be filled with ‫مملوء بــ‬ expert ( on- in- at ) ‫خبير فى‬
average of ‫متوسط لــ‬ work as ‫يعمل كــ‬
excited about ‫سعيد جدا بـــ‬ on board ‫الطائرة‬-‫على متن السفينة‬
persist in ‫مصر على‬ collection of ‫مجموعة من‬
insist on ‫مصر على‬ be made into ‫تتحول على‬
thought of as ‫فكر فيها كـ‬ come out = publish ‫ينشر ـ يوزع‬
provide a model for ‫يقدم نموذج أو قدوة لـ‬ be typical of ‫له نفس صفات أو مزايا كذا‬
tolerant of / towards ‫متسامح تجاه‬ empathic ‫مشارك لآلخرين في معاناتهم‬
adjust to ‫يتكيف أو يتأقلم علي‬ at midday ‫ومشاعرهم‬
‫منتصف اليوم‬ ‫في‬
1
Exercise
1. Early black and white photos show people in ………………. clothes.
( new – old-fashioned – modern )
2. The sun is at its strongest at …………………. .
( night - evening - morning – midday )
3. My ……………… is to get up and walk.
( routine - red tape – customs - traditions )
4. My friend and I are going to enter an athletics ……………….. .
( competition – composition– recognition )
5. Professor Jones gave Ayman a camera and all its ……………………….. .
( attacks – attachments – mails – letters )
6. Leila sent an e-mail to Samira and ……………….. an image.
( attended – attacked – attracted – attached)
7. Al –Ahram Weekly,…………………. my article.
( wrote – translated – published – did )
8. Midday is 12 o'clock in the day, but midnight is 12 o'clock at ……………………… .
( night – noon – day – knight )
9. It is not ………………….. , it is old-fashioned.
( modern - ancient – dirty - clean)
10. To ……………………. means to make a new product or idea successful.
( divide - develop - retire - recite)
11. – Al Sydia Zainab is a famous ……………………….. of Cairo.
( restrict – governorate – system – district )
12. Naguib Mahfouz used simple ……………….. in his novels.
( style – draft – styles – symbol )
13. Hassna is a ………………………… girl.
( fashion – fashioned – fascism – fashionable )
14. Yehia Haqqi studied ………………… at university to be a lawyer.
( low - law - medicine - art )
15. Haqqi worked as a ………………. in different countries.
( ambassador – diplomat – writer – translator )
16. Yehia Haqqi wrote a ……………………… of short stories.
( group – school – pack – collection )
17. Haqqi spent most of his time as a ……………………… in Assuit.
( lawyer – politician – writer – diplomat )
18. As well as ………………. two books , he wrote short stories.
( write – wrote – writing – writes )
19. He is an expert …………………. Arab culture.
( with - at - on - by )
20. His story, the post man , was …………………. into a film.
( make – made – makes – making )
21. This shop sells goods at ……………………… prices.
( limited – fix – fixed – fox )
22. She is a graduate ……………… Oxford University.
( in - of – from – at )
23. He is a publisher his work is to ----------------- stories and novels.
( write – translate – publish – public )
24. Al Gamalya is a famous ----------------- of Cairo.
( restrict – governorate – system – district )
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25. I really enjoyed that book , it is written in a very simple ------------
( style – road – draft – styles )
26. my sister loves clothes and buys ------------ dresses.
( very old – traditional – fashionable – old-fashioned )
27. He won a prize for one of the --------------- of his short stories.
( pack – school – collect – collection )
28. He worked -------------- for more than 20 years.
( aboard – above – abroad – ashore )
29. He has a ---------------- routine in writing.
( fixed – fixing – fax – mix )
30. As -------------------------- as I am concerned , this is an interesting book.
( long – soon – tall – far )
31. He worked -------------------------- for more than 20 years.
( aboard – above – abroad – ashore)
32. He cannot work because of his …………………….. .
(ability – facility – flexibility - disability)
33. A …………….. is one of the first people to do something that others will continue.
(biologist – beginner – pioneer - bystander)
34. All people must ………………. the law.
(obey – break – destroy – damage)
35. Some people believe that ……………… on animals should be banned.
(experiments – experience – experiences – examples)
36. There was nobody in the house ……………………….. Ali.
(rather than – other than – otherwise – other)
37. I had several bad ……………… during my last trip.
(experiences – experience – experiments – extensions)
38. I haven't had a steady ……………. since last March.
(career – job – work – profession)
39. Which team do you …………………?
( export – import – support – report )
40. He is regarded as one of the …………….. of modern science.
( heads – bosses - supervisors – pioneers )
1-The children watched ourselves on video.
2-Please make you at home.
3-She helped me doing the job.
4-Egypt sent a trade allegation to the conference.
5-Policemen usually wear a platform.
6-He had a kidney transport last year.
7-The normal requirement age in Egypt is 60.
8-She is interested on reading newspapers.
9-A carpenter represents one country in another.
10-This designer always comes up with new ideas. He is very imaginary.
It can’t be denied that nature is beautiful. When nature is angry, it becomes man’s enemy. There
are things such as volcanoes, earthquakes, floods and storms which cause great damage.
. ‫ لقد كتب نجيب محفوظ الكثير من الروايات التي ترجمت إلى لغات عديدة‬
1
Grammar
Past Tenses: Active & Passive
Past simple ‫الماضي البسيـط‬

. ‫) للفعـل مـا عـدا األفعـال الشـاذة‬d - ed - ied ( ‫ـ هـو التصـريــف الثاني للفعـل بإضـافـة‬: ‫ الماضي البسيـط‬
I visited my uncle last week. She played football yesterday.
. ‫ إذا انتهـى الفعــل بحـــرف ساكـن مسبــوق بحــرف متحــرك يضـاعـف الحــرف الساكــن‬
travel travelled stop stopped
. If ‫ يستخـدم في الجمـلة الشـرطـيـة في الحـالـة الثـانيـة مـن قـاعـدة‬
If he played well, he would win the match.
. ‫ ليـدل علـى أن األمنيــة أو االفتـراض غيـــر حقيقي‬wish ‫ يستخـدم مـع‬
I wish I were a doctor.
used to + inf
used to + inf ) ‫( يعبر عن عادة كانت تحدث فى الماضي ولم تعد تحدث اآلن‬ ) ‫( فعــل‬ ‫ اعتاد أن‬
I used to play football when I was young.
He used to be a driver, but now he isn’t.
didn't use to + inf e‫ في النفي نستخـدم‬
I didn't use to play football when I was young.
He didn't use to be fat but now he is.
Did +‫فاعل‬ + use to + inf e‫ وفي االستفهام نستخـدم‬
Did she use to cry a lot when she was a baby?
.‫ ويأتي بعدها الفعل في المضارع البسيط المثبت‬used to ‫ بدال مـن‬no longer ‫ تستخدم‬
He used to live here. ( no longer )
He no longer lives here.
‫ مع نفى الفعل في المضارع البسيط و تأتى في نهاية‬used to ‫ بدال من‬any longer‫ـ‬ any more ‫ تستخدم‬
He used to live here. (any more) .‫الجملة‬
He doesn’t live here any more.
‫ـ‬: ‫ الكلمــات الدالــة عليـــه‬
yesterday ‫ أمس‬in the past ‫ في الماضي‬last + ‫زمنية مدة‬ ‫الماضي‬

ago ‫ منذ ـ فيما مضى‬in ancient times ‫في العصور‬
once ‫ ذات مرة‬one day e‫القديمة‬
‫يوم ما‬ ‫في‬
Last week He gave a party. I visited my uncle a week ago.
‫ يستخدم مع التعبيرات اآلتية ويعتبر ماضي غير حقيقي‬
I wish + ‫ ماضي بسيط‬+ ‫فاعل‬
It's time + ‫ ماضي بسيط‬+ ‫فاعل‬
I would rather + ‫ ماضي بسيط‬+ ‫فاعل‬
I wish Ali played well.
It's time he arrived.
I would rather she helped him.
‫ـ‬: ‫ الماضى البسيط فى المبنى للمجهول‬
pp + ) was – were (
Active : She cleaned the room.
Passive : The room was cleaned by her.
1
.) + didn’t ‫ـ عنـد نفـى الماضي البسيـط نستخــدم ) المصــدر‬: ‫ نفى الماضي البسيــط‬
I finished my work. She won the cup yesterday.
I didn’t finish my work. She didn't win the cup yesterday.
‫األفعـــال الشـــاذة‬
: ‫مثـل‬ ‫أفعـال تصـريفاتهـا الثـالثـة واحـدة‬ 
put put put
cut cut cut
shut shut shut
hit hit hit
let let let
read read read
: ‫مثـل‬ ‫أفعـال ذات تغيـر واحـد‬ 
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
bring brought brought
build built built
sleep slept slept
meet met met
hear heard heard
: ‫مختـلفــة مثـل‬ ‫أفعـال تصـريفاتهـا الثـالثـة‬ 
eat ate eaten
drink drank drunk
swim swam swum
fall fell fallen
write wrote written
draw drew drawn
speak spoke spoken
Past Continuous e‫الماضي المستمـر‬
was – were + ( v + ing ) ‫ يتكـون مـن‬

They were playing tennis. I was playing football .
‫ـ‬: ‫الكلمـات الـدالـة عليـه‬ 

As – While past continuous past simple ‫حـدث مستمر وقطعه حدث آخـر‬
When past simple past continuous
While I was watching TV, the light went out . ( When )

When the light went out I was watching TV .
While + ( v + ing ) past simple ‫إذا لـم يوجــد فاعـــل‬

While I was running to catch the train I lost my money .
While running to catch the train I lost my money .
.‫ـ يكـون زمني الجملـة ماضي مستمـر إذا لم يقطـع أحـدهمـا اآلخــر‬: ‫ ملحوظـة‬
While mother was cooking, father was reading a story . ( During )
During + ( v+ing )
. ) while ( ‫ تسـتخـدم بـدال مـن‬

During mother's cooking, father was reading a story .
While father was reading the paper, mother was cooking.
1
: ‫ في الماضي البسيطـ‬when ‫يمكن أن يكون الحدثين مع‬ 
When he arrived , he found the door locked.
) V + ing ( . ‫ و يأتي يعدها‬when ‫ بدال من‬On ‫يمكن استخدام‬ 
When he arrived , he found the door locked. (On …)
On arriving, he found the door locked.
‫ـ‬:‫ يأخذ نفس شكل الفعل الذي يسبقها‬and ‫ الفعل بعد‬
He was writing a letter and listening to some music.
She has finished work and gone home.
‫ـ‬:‫ في الماضي المستمر‬to Be ‫ الحظ عدم استخدام‬
While I was at school, I worked to a plan.
‫ـ‬: ‫ الماضى المستمر فى المبنى للمجهول‬

being + pp + ) was – were (
Active : The gardener was picking the flowers.
Passive : The flowers were being picked by the gardener.
Active : He was reading the story when they arrived.
Passive : The story was being read when they arrived.
Present Perfect ‫المضـــارع التـام‬

: ‫ـ هـو فعــل حــدث في الماضي ومـازال له أثــر أو نتيجـة تـدل عليـه ويتكـون مـن‬: ‫ المضـارع التـام‬
have‫ ـ‬has + pp
.She has cooked lunch I have studied English
.They have mended their car We have done out homework.
‫ـ‬: ‫الكلمـات الدالـة عليـه‬ 

just ‫ توا ـ حاال‬already ‫ بالفعل‬ever ‫ دوما‬since ‫منذ‬
so far ‫ حتى اآلن‬yet ‫ بعد‬never ‫ أبدا‬for ‫لمدة‬
lately ‫ حديثا‬recently ‫ حديثا‬up till ‫حتى اآلن‬
now
: ‫ إذا بدأت الجملة بمـا يلـي‬e‫و يستخدم‬ 
It’s ( This ) is the only… It’s - This is the first ( second…) time..
In recent years In the last few years - months
over the ages - over the years - over the centuries ‫علي مر العصور ـ السنين ـ القرون‬
They haven't won the prize so far. He has just arrived.
We have already bought a new car. She has already finished work.
She just ( leave ) the house. ( Correct )
She has just left the house. ( Negative )
. ‫ مـع حـذفهمـا‬not -- -- -- yet ‫ بـ‬just - already ‫ تنـفـى‬
She hasn't left the house yet.
just = a moment ago = a short time

ago
He has just arrived. ( a moment ago )
I arrived a moment ago.
I ever ( meet ) my friends. ( Correct )
I have ever met my friends. ( Negative )
. ‫ مــع حـذفهــا‬never ‫ بـ‬ever ‫ تنـفـى‬
I have never met my friends.
1
recently lately
. ‫ في النفي‬lately ‫ تستخـدمـان بمعنى في الماضي القريـب وغـالبـا تستخـدم‬
I have been to Cairo recently. I haven't met him lately.
Have you gone to Luxor lately / recently ?
have been ‫ذهـب وعـاد‬ have gone ‫ذهـب ولم يعـد‬
He has been to London . ( He is here now )
He has gone to London . ( He is there now )
Since & For

12 o’clock two hours
October four months
7th august three weeks
Since 2000 For 8 years
he arrived ages
then a long time
last ……………... the last …………..
For ) ‫بعــدهـا مـده زمنيـه كـامـلة ( محددة‬
I have played for two hours. She has studied for five hours.
. ‫ قبــل المـدة الزمنيــة‬the ‫ في هـذه الجمـلة لوجــود‬for ‫ استخــدام‬: ‫الحــظ‬ 
I have studied English for the last week.
Since ) ‫بعـدهـا بدايـة مـده زمنيـة ( غيـر محـددة‬

He has travelled since 1995. He has learned to drive since last month.
. ‫ كـأداة ربــط‬since ‫ كما تستخـدم‬
‫ تـام‬e‫مضـارع‬ since ‫ماضي بسيــط‬
I have played football since I was seven.
She has studied English since she finished secondary school.
Last - The last time - ago + past simple
:‫ ) بدال من الكلمات السابقة نستخدم مضارع تام منفى‬since – for ( ‫ عند استخدام‬
I last had my hair cut when I was in Cairo. ( since )
= I haven’t had my hair cut since I was in Cairo.
The last time I played chess was six years ago. ( since - for )
= I haven’t played chess since 2003.
= I haven’t played chess for six years.
= I haven't played chess since six years ago.
I last met Ahmed when we were at school. ( since )
I haven't met Ahmed since we were at school.
The last time I played football was in 2000. ( since )
I haven't played football since 2000.
. ‫ والعكــس نتبـع اآلتي‬since ‫ بــدال مـن‬for ‫ـ عنــد استخـدام‬: ‫ ملحوظـة‬

I have taught English since 1992. ( for )
I have taught English for 13 years.
She has travelled for ten years. ( since )
She has travelled since 1995.
I haven't visited my friend for a long time. ( since )
1
‫ـ‬: ‫ مـع وجـود مـدة زمنية غيـر معـلومة نستخـدم‬for ‫ بــدال مـن‬since ‫ـ عنــد استخـدام‬: ‫ ملحوظـة‬
It is + ‫ فتـرة زمنية‬+ since + ‫ماضى بسيـط‬
It is a long time since I visited my friend.

I haven't met him for ten years. ( It's )
It's ten years since I met him.
. ‫ نستخــدم‬since – for ‫ بــدال مــن‬ago ‫ـ عنـد استخــدام‬: ‫ ملحوظـة‬
started – began + ( to + inf ) or ( v + ing(
She has learnt English for seven years. ( ago )

She began to learn ( learning ) English seven years ago.
:‫ نستخدم صيغة تفضيل‬never ‫ بدال من‬ever ‫ـ عند استخدام‬: ‫ الحظ‬
I have never done such a tiring job. ( This is…)
= This is the most tiring job I have ever done.
.such (a - an) ( adj + N ) ‫ نستخدم‬ever ‫ بدال من‬never ‫ـ عند استخدام‬: ‫ الحـظ‬

This is the worst luck I have ever had. ( never )
= I have never had such bad luck.
‫ في الجملة المنفيــة‬yet ‫ـ استخدام‬: ‫ الحـظ‬
I haven’t finished my homework yet.
:‫ نستخدم مضارع تام منفى بدال من المضارع المستمر‬still ‫ بدال من‬yet ‫ في حالة استخدام‬
He is still writing the report. ( yet )
He hasn’t finished writing the report yet.
‫ـ‬: ‫ المضارع التـام فى المبنى للمجهول‬

been + pp + ) have – has (
Active : He has written the letter.
Passive : The letter has been written.
Active : We have built a new house.
Passive : A new house has been built by us.
Past perfect ‫الماضي التـام‬

: ‫ـ هـو فعــل حدث واكتمـل في الماضي ويتكـون من‬: ‫ الماضي التـام‬
had + pp
She had cooked lunch I had studied English .
She had won the cup. He had finished work.
‫ـ‬: ‫ الكلمـات الـدالـة عليـه‬
After ‫ بعد‬when ‫ عندما‬by ‫في وقت‬
before ‫ قبل‬as soon as ‫ بمجرد أن‬no sooner.. than ‫ حتى‬... ‫لم يكد‬
till - until ‫ حتى‬the moment ‫فى لحظة أن‬
After ‫ماضي بسـيـط‬ ‫ماضي تـام‬

. After I had done my homework, I watched TV
‫ـ‬: ‫ نستخـدم‬Simple ‫ وعنـد تحـويلهــا إلى‬Complex ‫ هـذه الجمـلة‬
After (‫ ) اسـم‬or ( v + ing ) ‫ماضي بسـيـط‬
Having pp ‫ماضي بسـيـط‬ ‫التصريـف الثالث‬
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After doing my homework, I watched TV . ( Having )
Having done my homework, I watched TV .
First he played, then he washed . ( After )
After he had played, he washed . ( Having )
Having played, he washed .
‫ماضي تــام‬ before ‫ماضي بسـيـط‬

I did my homework I went to bed . ( before )
I had done my homework before I went to bed .
Before I went to bed, I had done my homework .
‫ــ‬: ‫ نستخـدم‬Simple ‫ وعنـد تحـويلهــا إلى‬Complex ‫ هـذه الجمـلة‬
‫ماضي تــام‬ before ) ‫ ( اسـم‬or ( v + ing )
I had done my homework before going to bed .

Before going to bed, I had done my homework
‫ماضي بسيط غالبا منفى‬ till – until ‫ماضي تــام‬

I went to bed. I did my homework . ( until )
I didn't go to bed till ( until ) I had done my homework . ( It was only )
It was only when ‫ماضي بسيـط‬ ‫ماضي تــام‬

It was only when I had done my homework, I went to bed.
‫ماضي بسيط غالبا منفى‬ till – until (‫ ) اسـم‬or ( v + ing )
I didn't go to bed till ( until ) doing my homework .
As soon as ‫ماضي بسيـط‬ ‫ماضي تــام‬

I went out. I met my friend. ( As soon as )
As soon as I had gone out, I met my friend . ( Immediately )
Immediately on ) ‫ ( اسـم‬or ( v + ing ) ‫ماضي بسيـط‬
Immediately on going out, I met my friend .
When ‫ماضي بسيــط‬ ‫ماضي تـام‬

I had finished work. I left the office. ( When )
When I had finished work, I left the office. ( On
On ) ‫ ( اسـم‬or ( v + ing ) ‫ماضي بسيــط‬
On finishing work, I left the office.
The moment ‫ماضي بسيــط‬ ‫ماضي تـام‬

I had finished work. I left the office. ( The moment )
The moment I had finished work, I left the office.
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By ‫ماضي تــام‬ ‫ماضي بسـيـط‬
By ‫ماضي تــام‬ ‫فتـرة زمنيـة‬
I arrived the cinema. the film had started . ( By )
By the time I arrived the cinema , the film had started .
By the year 1990, I had learnt English .
No sooner than
Scarcely ‫ماضي تـــام‬ when ‫ماضي بسـيــط‬
Hardly when
Only just when
‫ـ‬: ‫ هـذه الكلمـات لـهـا طـريقتـان في الربـط‬
. ‫) بعـد الفاعل تكـون الجمـلة خبريـة‬2 . ‫) في أول الجمــلة تكـون على صيغـة استفهـام‬1
He arrived at the station . The train left . ( No sooner )
No sooner had he arrived at the station than the train left .
He had no sooner arrived at the station than the train left . ( Immediately )
Immediately after ‫ )) اسـم‬or ( v + ing ( ‫مـاضى بسيـط‬

Immediately after his arrival at the station, the train left.
‫ـ‬: ‫ الماضى التام فى المبنى للمجهول‬
had been + pp
Active : The teacher had explained the lesson.
Passive : The lesson had been explained by the teacher.
Active : Ahmed had done homework.
Passive : Homework had been done by Ahmed.
Exercise
Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly :
1. Twenty million people see the match yesterday.
2. My parents use to live in a small flat .
3. We revised for our test when the light went out.
4. She played the piano since the age of six.
5. Our block built five years ago.
6. It's time he comes to school.
7. Hala had not seen the film last week.
8. While was reading , the light turned off. .
9. No sooner he had reached the station than the train left..
10. English had learned by Ali.
11. His novel changed into a film.
12. The letter was posted after it had written.
13. After play the game , he washed.
14. Did you used to smoke when you were young?
15. Have you never visited the valley of kings?
16. While the match , he was injured.
17. Having wake up , he switched on TV.
18. My son born in 2004.
19. My brother will go to Paris, he came back last week.
20. As he was carrying the vase, he had dropped it on the floor.
21. The washing machine delivers while I was reading the newspaper.
22. I am used to reading at least one book a week, but now I don't read so many.
23. While I come to school today, I saw an old friend.
24. At six o'clock yesterday evening, I am watching TV.
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25. Five years ago, I am used to ride a bicycle.
26. I used reading the newspaper every day. Now I don't have the time.
27. As soon as we arrived at school, the first lesson begins.
28. What did you do when I called you? You sounded very busy.
29. I had my own computer for 3 years now.
30. While my sister does her homework, she was listening to music.
31. All the students in my class pass the exam already.
32. My parents use to live in a small flat in the city centre.
33. Yesterday evening, we revised for our English test when all the lights went out.
34. I attend this school for five years.
35. Our school was opening exactly 25 years ago today.
36. She played the piano since the age of six and she still plays every day.
37. Our block of flats build five years ago.
38. Five trees cutting down a week ago.
39. Yesterday evening, the programme to watch by a million people.
40. The room clean when the earthquake happened.
Test 4
1.You're asked to open the window because it's hot and you agree.
2.You're asked about the longest river in the world.
3.Samy asks you about your favourite writer.
4.Hassan asks you about the age of the pyramids.
1- A : Your ticket, please. Place : …….……
B : Here your are. Speaker A : ……..…..
A : Seat F4. Speaker B : ………....
B : Thank you, What time does it start? function : ………....
A : At 10.00.
Place : …….……
2- A : You have to pay a fine. Speaker A : ……..…..
B : Why, sir ? Speaker B : ………....
A : You exceeded the limited speed. function : ………....
1. I really enjoyed this book. It is written in a very simple ………………… .
a-direction b- establishment c- style d- location
2. He wouldn't try to mislead you. It's not his ……………………. .
a- style b- case c- condition d- circumstance
3. Many doctors want to see a law …………….. all tobacco advertising.
a- allowing b- welcoming c- banning d- rewarding
4. His first short story ………….. him as one of the great short story writers of the Arab world.
a- appointed b- posted c- allowed d- established
5. In my country, it's the ……………. for women to get married in white.
a- law b- custom c- rule d- regulation
6. I'm looking for a job which will enable me to ……………….. my skills.
a- develop b- depend c- replace d- deplete
7. There's no fixed ……………….. at work – every day is different.
a- career b- profession c- routine d- position
8. His collection of short stories …………….. an important prize.
a- beat b- gained c- earned d- won
9. He hasn't studied English -------------------------
a- recently b- lately c- ago d- just
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10. Since I graduated, I ---------------------- in this company.
a- worked b- had worked c- will work d- have been working
11. I last ------------------- my friend was last week.
a- see b- saw c- has seen d- have seen
12. It is ages since we ------------------------- some good news.
a- have heard b- had heard c- heard d- was hearing
13. Have you done your homework ----------------------? That is too fast.
a- yet b- so far c- since d- already
14. ----------------------- I was out shopping, I saw three of my friends.
a- Because b- While c- If d- Although
15. The first map----------------------- by El_idrissi .
a- was drawn b-drew c- is drawn d- draws
16. He hasen't written a letter since I --------------- to England.
a– travelled b -will travel c- have travelled d- travel
1. He wrote two collisions of short stories.
2. Yehia Haqqi developed a new steel of writing which is respected today.
3. He is going to enter a reading commission and he is hoping to win it.
4. Before he left the country, he has paid all his debts.
5. While he is being in London, he went shopping.
6. She doesn't receive the prize yet.
One day, I was standing outside an underground station in London waiting for a friend, when I saw two men
. One was sitting on the pavement. His clothes were old and dirty and had a hat in front of him. As people passed by
, he said, “ Can you give me some change, please ? “ A few people tossed some coins into the hat but mist people
ignored him .
The other man was wearing a suit and holding a plastic petrol can . He stopped people and told them his
car had run out of petrol and he had forgotten his wallet. He asked them to lend him some money for petrol. Most
people happily gave him money. Some gave him coins, but most gave him notes. I watched him for ten minutes . In
that time he collected a lot of money. He put it in his pocket, but he did no go to the petrol station. It became clear to
me that both men were beggars. The one in the dirty clothes needed money more than one in the suit. But the one
in the suit was much more successful . Isn’t that strange ?
1- Why was the writer standing outside the station ?
2- Which man collected the most money ?
3- Did the man in the suit really have a car which had run out of petrol ?
4- What does the pronoun “ it “ in bold refer to ?
B) Choose the correct answer :
5- “ Most people ignored him “ means people ----------------------------
a) shouted at him b) refused to give any money
c) walked past without looking at him d) moved quickly
6- People ----------------- the second man’s story .
a) didn’t believe b) believed c) doubted d) knew
7- The man in the suit asked people to ------------------ him money .
a) take b) borrow c) spend d) lend
We may know there's a scientific explanation for solar eclipses, but they continue to exert an almost
magical power over us. It's not at all clear we've decreased in gullibility ‫ سهولة االنخداع‬since the days when Columbus
used his fore-knowledge of an eclipse to hoodwink ‫ يغش‬the Jamaicans. And even though we know better, during
each total solar eclipse, there will be people blinded by the too tempting sight of an eclipsed sun.
On the other hand, we don't beat drums, fire arrows into the sky, and stand up to our necks in water in an
effort to appease ‫ يهدئ‬the gods as did the ancient Chinese and Indians. Both the Chinese and the Indians thought a
snake attacked the sun during an eclipse. Noise making was an effort to scare the creature away. The earliest
recorded eclipse was in China on October 22, 2134 BC. Then two court astrologers lost their heads because, since
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they had failed to predict it, the emperor had been caught unprepared to make the necessary dragon-scaring noise.
Almost a millennium later, in the fourteenth century B.C., an eclipse was described by a Chinese seer as three
flames eating the sun.
Eclipses have been seen as evil omens whose presence changed the course of battle. In the eclipse of 585
B.C, the one Thales is said to have predicted -- five years of fighting ended between the Medes and Lydians as a
result of an eclipse.
The Babylonians were the first to calculate the regular intervals at which eclipses occur. It was through
contact with the East that Thales of Miletus was able to make the prediction that marked the beginning of the Greek
scientific era. Thales predicted a total solar eclipse in the midst of the battle between Media and Lydia. While there
is some doubt as to whether Thales accurately predicted the eclipse because he didn't fully understand all the
cycles necessary to calculate the date, he is credited with predicting the May 25, 585 B.C. eclipse.
A. Answer the following questions:
1-What happens to people who watch a solar eclipse?
2-What did the ancient Chinese and Indians do to appease the gods?
3-Why is there some doubt as to whether Thales accurately predicted the eclipse?
4-What prediction did Thales make that marked the beginning of the Greek scientific era?
B- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
5-The Chinese and the Indians thought a ………………… during an eclipse.
a) a snake attacked the sun b) a dragon attacked the sun
c) three flames ate the sun d) two astrologers were killed
6-The Chinese emperor kill the two court astrologers because………………..
a) they could predict the eclipse b) they couldn’t predict the eclipse
c) they made scaring noise d) they scared the dragon
7-In the fourteenth century B.C., a Chinese seer described the eclipse as …….…
a) a dragon eating the sun b) a snake eating the sun
c) three flames eating the sun d) a battle between Media and Lydia
D- The Novel
1- What does Leila think of the UNESCO exchange programme? Why?
2- Why didn’t Leila study archaeology with Dr Hafez in Cairo?
3- When did the Customs at Lima Airport let Leila through with the laser machine?
B) Read the following quotation and answer the questions:
“I didn't want to tell him exactly where Dr Hafez's excavations were taking place”
1- Who said these words, to whom and where?
2- What made the speaker doubt the addressed person?
3- Where were Dr Hafez’s excavations taking place?
1-Leila had to take a connecting flight to Lima because …………………………
2-People think that Dr Hafez is giving Leila a special treatment………………….
3-Before she came to Peru, Leila had worked with Dr Hafez in …………………
E- Writing
8) Write a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about:
" Famous writers in Egypt "
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
F- Translation
Some Egyptian writers have written books and articles advocating the rights of women . They
have called for women's equality with men. Now women have the same rights as men and even hold
important positions in the society.
B)Translate into English:
. ‫ طه حسين وكذلك نجيب محفوظ‬، ‫ تملك مصر العديد من الرواد في األدب العربي مثل يحي حقي‬
. ‫ يعتقد كثير من الناس أن الكتـاب اإللكتروني سيحل محل الكتاب العادي في المستقبل القريب‬
1
Unit 5 3rd Agatha Christie 1st Hello English
Vocabulary
amnesia ‫ فقدان الذاكرة‬embarrassed ‫محرج‬ mouse / mice ‫ فئران‬- ‫فأر‬

excavate about
‫ يحفر ـ ينقب‬identity ‫هوية شخص‬ shy ‫خجول بطبعه‬
/excavation
excavation ‫ حفر ـ تنقيب‬identity card ‫بطاقة‬ radio signals ‫إشارات ال سلكية‬
poison ‫ سم‬headquarters ‫مركز القيادة‬ enemy ‫عدو‬
poisonous ‫ سام‬identify )‫يتعرف على (هوية شخص‬ enmity ‫عداوة‬
mousetrap ‫ مصيدة فئران‬invade ‫يغزو‬ wounded soldier ‫جندى مصاب‬
(embarrassed)
murder ‫ يقتل‬- ‫ جريمة قتل‬invasion ‫غزو‬ commit / do a crime ‫يرتكب جريمة‬
(deliberately
murderer ‫ قاتل‬deliberately killing ‫قتل متعمد‬ radio ‫الالسلكي‬
spy – spy on ‫ جاسوس ـ يتجسس‬secret agent ‫عميل سرى‬ the metro = the underground ‫المترو‬
enclose ‫ على‬dig up
‫يحيط بـ ـ يرفق بـ‬ ‫يحفر‬ actor ‫ممثل‬
include ‫ يشمل ـ يتضمن‬be based on ‫ مؤسس على‬/ ‫قائم‬ actress ‫ممثلة‬
on the coast of ‫ على ساحل‬crime fiction ‫قصص الجرائم‬ betray his home ‫يخون وطنه‬
play golf ‫ يلعب جولف‬transmitter ‫ بث‬- ‫الخياليةإرسال‬
‫جهاز‬ a travel agent ‫مندوب السفر‬
innocent ‫ بريئ‬signals ‫إشارات‬ welcome to ‫مرحبا بك فى‬
innocence ‫ برائه‬medical ‫حاله طبية‬ qualities ‫صفات‬
guilty ‫مذنب‬ condition
military force ‫عسكريه‬ ‫قوه‬ sure about ‫من‬ ‫متأكد‬
take place ‫ يحدث‬especially ‫وخاصة‬ prove his innocence ‫يثبت براءته‬
on the way back ‫ فى طريقه‬a substance ‫ماده‬ recommendation ‫توصيه‬
overlook ‫العودةعلى‬
‫ يطل‬aged 85 85‫عن عمر يناهز‬ busy with ‫مشغول بـ‬
set free ‫ يطلق‬- ‫ يحرر‬a two- part word ‫كلمه مكونه من‬ captured ‫يأسر‬
close to ‫سراح من‬
‫ قريب‬arrest = catch ‫جزأين على‬
‫يقبض‬ bang ‫ ضربة عنيفة ـ‬- ‫يضرب بقوة‬
take control ‫ يتحكم‬- ‫ يسيطر‬solve ‫يحل‬ archaeologists ‫فرقعة اآلثار‬
‫علماء‬
queen ‫ ملكه‬solution to ‫حل‬ leader ‫قائد‬
deeply affected ‫ يتأثر بعمق‬city centre ‫وسط البلد ـ مركز‬ suspect ‫ المشتبه به‬- ‫يشك في‬
theatre plays e‫ مسرحيات‬plan for ‫المدينة من أجل‬
‫يخطط‬ transmit message to ‫يبث رسالة لـ‬
performed ‫ يؤدى‬-‫المسرح‬
‫ يجرى‬military action - ‫عمل عسكرى‬ the orient train ‫قطار الشرق‬
imminent danger ‫ خطر وشيك‬the free market ‫حربى‬
‫السوق الحر‬ take responsibility for ‫يتحمل المسئولية‬
cultural identity ‫الحدوثالثقافية‬
‫ الهوية‬a looming disaster ‫كارثة وشيكة‬ a vital role ‫دور حيوي‬‫عن‬
a national duty ‫واجب وطني‬ exceed expectations ‫الوقوع‬
‫يفوق‬ freedom of the press ‫حرية الصحافة‬
‫التوقعات‬
Reading
N or M ?
It is a time of war in England and everyone knows that there could be an invasion at any time. The government
knows that the enemy is being helped by a dangerous group of spies inside the country, but nobody knows their
identity. But it is believed that the spies’ headquarters is a small hotel on the coast, and the spies’ leaders are a man
and a woman.
Two secret agents, Tommy Beresford and his wife Tuppence, are sent to the hotel to find these spies. They
meet the other hotel guests and the people from the town. The guests include Mr. Bletchley, a retired soldier; Mrs.
Sprot, a shy young woman; and Carl von Deinim, a scientist. Mr. Bletchley introduces Tommy to Mr. Haydock, a
retired sailor who lives in a house overlooking the sea. The three men sometimes play golf together.
The Beresford’s first suspects are the hotel owner and the scientist, but they soon discover that both are
innocent. Then they hear that the invasion is planned for the following week. This means they have seven days to
find the enemy and save the country from invasion.
One day, after a game of golf, Tommy finds a radio transmitter hidden in Mr. Haydock’s bathroom and realizes
that Haydock is one of the spies. Haydock does not seem worried by Tommy’s discovery. Tommy leaves his friend's
house, but on the way back to his hotel, he is captured and locked in a room.
Tuppence discovers the other spy leader. To everyone's surprise, it is the shy Mrs. Sprot. The police arrest her
and soon find Mr. Haydock. Tommy is set free.Without the help of the spies’ leaders, the invasion cannot take place.
Tommy and Tuppence have saved the country.
1
Language Notes
ashamed of shy
ashamed of ) ‫ يشعر بالخجل من ( شئ مخزي فعله‬
You must be a shamed of what you have done.
shy ‫ خجول بطبعه‬
She is always shy in front of strangers.
a spy spy on
a spy (N) )‫ جاسوس ( يعرف أسرار‬
Rafaat El Hagan was an Egyptian spy.
spy on ( v) ‫ يجسس على‬
Do not spy on others.
by on in ‫مـع وسائـل المواصـالت‬

by )‫ مـع كـل وسـائـل المـواصـالت بـدون فـاصـل ( أداة أو صفـة ملكيـة‬
by ( plane – train – ship – boat – car – taxi ………. )
I travelled abroad by plane. He went to work by car.
on ‫ التي تـأخـذ معهـا‬foot ‫ مـا عـدا كلمـة‬
on ( ‫ مـع كـل وسـائـل المـواصـالت مـع وجـود فـاصـل ( أداة أو صفـة ملكيـه‬
on a ( ship – plane – bus – train ……. ) ( foot )
) car – taxi ( ‫ مـا عـدا كلمتي‬
I went to Alex. on a train. I go to school on foot.
in ) ‫ ) مـع وجـود فـاصـل ( أداة أو صفـة ملكيـه‬car – taxi (‫ تأتـى مـع كلمتي‬
I go to school in my car. She goes to Mansoura in a taxi.
based
based in ‫ مقـره فـى‬
His work is based in Egypt.
based on ‫ قائـم علـى‬
It is a revision based on unit 18
include contain comprise consist of compose

include .‫ يحتـوى علـى جـزء أو أكثـر مـن األجـزاء ( المكونات ) و ليس كـل المكـونات‬
The pair of glasses includes two lenses.
contain ) ‫ يحتـوى علـى شـئ بداخـله ( علـى كـل‬
CD-ROMs can contain words, music and pictures.
comprise consist of is composed ‫ يتكـون مـن كـل المكـونات األساسيـة‬
The United Kingdom consists of / is composed/ comprises England, Wales, Scotland,
and Northern Ireland.
enclose ‫ يـرفـق ـ يحيـط‬
He enclosed a photo with his letter. My house is enclosed by a high fence.
affect = have an effect on

affect ‫ يؤثـر علـى‬
Smoking affects health badly.
effect ‫ تأثيـر‬
Smoking has a bad effect on health.
‫ أحيانا تُستخدم كفعل بمعني يُحدث أو يسبب‬
He effected several changes in the company.
1
remember
remember to + ‫المصـدر‬ ‫ يتذكـر ثم يفعـل الشـئ‬
I remember to post the letter .
remember + (v + ing) ‫ يتذكـر بعـد أن يفعـل الشـئ‬
I remember posting the letter .
retire resign
retire ) ‫ يحـال للمعـاش ( يتقـاعـد‬
When the employee is 60, he retires and can live on his pension.
resign ) ‫ ) يستقيـل من العمـل‬
Mr Ahmed resigned his position last week.
trip journey voyage flight

trip ‫ رحلـة قصيـرة‬
He is in a business trip in London.
Journey ‫ رحلـة طويلـة‬
How long is the journey to the coast ?
voyage ‫ رحلـة بحريـة‬
We went on a voyage by ship.
flight ‫ رحلـة جويـة‬
The flight to Saudi Arabia took two hours.
capture arrest
capture ‫ يأسر ـ يقبض على‬
The town was captured by enemy troops. She was captured at the airport.
arrest ‫ يلقى القبض على‬
He was arrested for shoplifting.‫سرقة المعروضات‬
play go do
play ( football, basketball, tennis, squash … ) . ‫ تستخـدم مـع األلعـاب المتصلـة بالكـره‬
They are playing football.
go ( fishing, sailing, swimming, running …) ing ‫ تستخـدم مـع األلعـاب المنتهيـة بــ‬
Let's go sailing.
do ( karate, hockey, high jump, judo … ) .‫ تستخـدم مـع األلعـاب األخـرى‬
I do karate.
alone lonely
alone ) ‫ بمفرده ( شـئ مـادى‬
He carried the stone alone.
lonely ) ‫ وحيدا ( يشعـر بالوحـدة ) ( شـئ معنـوى‬
Despite his friends, he feels lonely.
coast shore beach bank

coast ‫ ســاحل‬
Alex. is located on the north coast of Egypt.
shore ) ‫)البحـيرة‬ ‫ شـاطئ البحـر‬
I saw some boats on the shore of the sea.
beach ) ‫ البـالج ( الجـزء الرملي عنـد حافـة البحـر‬
We sat on the beach and ate ice cream.
bank ‫ ضفـة النهــر أو القنــاة‬
Trees grow along the bank of rivers.
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‫ فيما يلي‬in ‫ الحظ استخدام االسم بعد حرف الجـر‬
3 metres in height 5 inches in length 5 centimetres in depth
‫ وفي حالة عدم وجـود حرف جر نستخـدم الصفة‬
3 metres high 5 inches long 5 centimetres deep
:‫ في بداية أو نهاية بعض الكلمات لتكوين الفعل‬en ‫ الحظ استخدام المقطع‬

large ‫كبير‬ enlarge ‫يكبر ـ يضخم‬ courage ‫شجاعة‬ encourage ‫يشجع‬
able ‫قادر‬ enable ‫يمكن‬ danger ‫خطر‬ endanger ‫يعرض للخطر‬
weak ‫ضعيف‬ weaken ‫يُضعف‬ short ‫قصير‬ shorten ‫يقصر‬
broad ‫واسع‬ broaden ‫يوسع‬ length ‫طول‬ lengthen ‫يطول‬
wide ‫متسع‬ widen ‫يوسع‬ strong ‫قوى‬ strengthen ‫يقوى‬
threat ‫تهديد‬ threaten ‫يهدد‬ hard ‫صلب‬ harden ‫يجعله صلبا‬
deep ‫عميق‬ deepen ‫يُعمق‬ ripe ‫ناضج‬ ripen ‫ينضج‬
rich ‫ثري ـ غني‬ enrich ‫يثري‬ cheap ‫رخيص‬ cheapen ‫يخفض السعر‬
Expressions
on his first journey ‫في رحلته األولي‬ instead (of) ‫بدال من‬
the longest- running play ‫مسرحية تُعرض ألطول‬ welcome to ‫مرحبا َ (بكم) في‬
close to ‫فترة‬
‫قريب من‬ over a hundred ‫أكثر من مائة‬
at a young age ‫في سن صغير‬ be deeply affected by ‫يتأثر تأثرا عميقا بـ‬
suffer from ‫يعاني من‬ work on excavation ‫يعمل في التنقيب‬
on the coast ‫علي الساحل‬ on (his) way to ‫في طريقه إلي‬
at any time ‫في أي وقت‬ save .. from ‫ من‬.. ‫ينقذ‬
to everyone's surprise ‫لدهشة الجميع‬ with the help of ‫بمساعدة‬
pass on information ‫ينقل معلومات‬ get information about ‫يحصل علي معلومات عن‬
suffer from ‫يعانى من‬ deprive of ‫يحرم من‬
bring about ‫ يُحدث‬/ ‫يسبب‬ come about ‫يًحدث‬
catch up with ‫ يواكب‬/ ‫يساير‬ keep up with ‫ يواكب‬/ ‫يساير‬
different from / than / to ‫مختلف عن‬ on the sides of hills ‫علي جوانب التالل‬
discover something about ‫يكتشف شيء عن‬ get on )‫يركب (وسيلة مواصالت‬
get off ‫يغادر أو ينزل من وسيلة مواصالت‬ make a plan ‫يعد خطة‬
make changes to ‫يُجري تغييرات علي‬ look right for the part ‫يبدو مناسبا للدور‬
It is a time of war ‫انه وقت الحرب‬ point down ‫يميل ألسفل‬
do ( commit ) a crime ‫يرتكب جريمة‬ transmit message to ‫يبث \يرسل رسالة لـ‬
work on ( solve ) a crime ‫يعمل علي حل الجريمة‬ plan for ‫يخطط من أجل‬
solve a problem ‫يحل مشكلة‬ set free ‫يطلق سراح‬
hidden in ‫مختبئ فى‬ perform a play ‫يمثل مسرحية‬
locked in ‫محبوس فى‬ give advice to ‫يعطى النصيحة لـ‬
Exercise
1. Working as a secret ……………………… in a foreign country can be a very dangerous job.
( doctor – guide – engineer – agent )
2. In many countries, people have to carry an identity ……………………. to prove who they are.
( card – letter – message – postcard )
3. The Romans …………………… Britain in 43 BCE.
( faded – deviated – applied – invaded )
4. We saw a lot of photographs, but we couldn't …………………… the man we'd met.
( qualify – solidify – liquefy – identify )
5. How did the man …………………….. his innocence?
( deprive – improve - prove – devote )
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6. The enemy used radios to ……………………. messages to their ships.
( transmit – spend – try – develop )
7. They ………………….. that the driver had been going very fast at the time of the accident.
( inspected – respected - suspected – exerted )
8. A …………………… is a person you think may have done a crime.
( suspect – detective – survivor – surgeon )
9. A …………………… is equipment that sends radio signals.
( counter – interpreter – thermometer – transmitter )
10. ………………………….. means entering another country to take control.
( Deviation – Confusion – Aviation – Invasion )
11. ………………………. is the place from which a company is controlled.
( Headquarters – Headbands – Headlights – Headmasters )
12. A ……………. is a person who finds out information about another country or organisation.
( director – producer – consumer – spy )
13. ……………………….. is being unable to remember things.
( Depression – Amnesia – Fever – Anaemia )
14. A ……………….. is equipment for catching and killing mice.
( trap – trick – truck – mousetrap )
15. The crime of killing someone is called ………………………. .
( blender – border – murder – boiler )
16. In his later life, he suffered from …………………… . He was unable to remember things.
( paralysis – amnesia – cancer – rheumatism )
17. He tried to kill himself by taking …………………. .
( vegetable – fruit – poison – protein )
18. When the children met the queen, they were too …………………….. to speak.
( active – shy – lazy – helpful )
19. He had lost his ……………………….. card and was being questioned by the police.
( honesty – enmity – identity – legality )
20. She never went to school. ……………………….. she was taught at home.
( Included – Instead – Installed – Indebted )
21. The man's strange behaviour made the police ………………………… of him.
( envious – jealous – suspicious – fabulous )
22. If you …………………… a crime, you must expect to be punished.
( do – make – have – act )
23. He was seriously ………………… by an enemy bullet.
( wounded – buried – handed – rammed )
24. The prisoner will be …………………… free next week.
( stay – set – sit – slip )
25. She's always ………………….. on her neighbours.
( trying – dying – crying – spying )
26. The police found the radio transmitter …………………. in the bathroom.
( hide – hiding – hidden to hide )
27. He stayed in a small hotel ………………… the coast.
( on – of – with – in )
28. He lives in a house …………………… the city centre.
( overlooking – looks – like – is overlooking )
29. He used to …………………… golf with his friends when he was young.
( do – do – play – played )
30. Agatha Christie was the …………………… of English crime fiction.
( king – prince – princess – queen )
31. I remember …………………… the pyramids when I was 10 .
( to visit – visiting – visit – visits )
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32. The actors were excellent at …………………… the new play.
( perform – performing – writing – write )
33. …………………… means having no ability to remember.
( Insomnia – Architecture – Tiredness – Amnesia )
34. She is …………………… because she is always nervous and embarrassed.
( shy – ashamed – innocent – guilty )
35. How about …………………… the internet?
( surf – surfs – to surf – surfing )
36. He is a …………………… he has done a crime.
( crime – murder – criminal – officer )
37. He is a …………………… he tries to find out information about another country or organization.
( diplomat – ambassador – president – spy )
38. In many countries , people have to carry an …………………… card to prove who they are.
( identity – credit – debit – hobby )
39. In the past , the Romans …………………… Egypt.
( invaded – invasion – flooded – sold )
40. I and Mona cleaned the house by ……………………
( alone – myself – herself – ourselves )
1-We've locked themselves out.
2-Could you give me a quick exploration of how this machine works?
3-They chose a famous lawyer to present them in court.
4-They were arrested as breaking the law.
5-He had to apologize owing to he made a shameful mistake.
6-As well as she studied hard, she played tennis regularly.
7-If he reads the questions carefully, he answers them.
8-There were no accidents though the dangerous roads.
9-As soon as seeing the accident, I called the police.
10-However the box was heavy, he could carry it.
It is said that television has destroyed the art of conversation and made people unhappy by
forcing them to want things they don’t need. On the other hand, it helps people to update their
knowledge of the world affairs., as they can see current events in different parts of the world the
moment they occur.
. ‫ يعاني صديقي من فقدان الذاكرة بسبب الحادثة‬
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Grammar
Active & Passive ‫المعلـوم و المجهــــول‬
‫المفعـول‬ + V. to be + ‫التصريف الثالث‬ + by + ‫الفاعـل‬

Tense Active Passive
Present simple ‫المضـارع البسيـط‬ ( am – is – are ) + pp
Past simple ‫الماضى البسيـط‬ ( was – were ) + pp
Present continuous ‫المضــارع المستمـر‬ ( am – is – are ) + being + pp
Past continuous ‫الماضى‬ ‫المستمـر‬ ( was – were ) + being + pp
Present perfect ‫المضــارع التـام‬ ( have – has ) + been + pp
Past perfect ‫الماضى التـام‬ had been + pp
Future simple ‫المستقبـل البسيـط‬ will be + pp
Future perfect ‫المستقبـل التـام‬ will have been + pp
Present perfect continuous ‫المضــارع التـام‬ ( have – has ) + been + pp
continuous ‫المضـارع التام المستمر‬‫المستمـر‬
Active : The servant keeps the house clean. ( present simple )
Passive : The house is kept clean by the servant.
Active : She cleaned the room. ( past simple )
Passive : The room was cleaned by her.
Active : They are playing football. ( present continuous )
Passive : Football is being played by them.
Active : The gardener was picking the flowers. ( past continuous )
Passive : The flowers were being picked by the gardener.
Active : We have built a new house. ( present perfect )
Passive : A new house has been built by us.
Active : The teacher had explained the lesson. ( past perfect )
Passive : The lesson had been explained by the teacher.
Active : I'll visit Ahmed next week. ( future simple )
Passive : Ahmed will be visited by me next week.
Active : By next week I will have finished the report. ( future perfect )
Passive : By next week the report will have been finished.
Active : I have been reading this story. ( present perfect continuous )
Passive : This story has been read by me.
: ‫ تحـول التركيبـات اآلتيـة فى المبنى للمجهـول كاآلتى‬

say - think It is + pp ‫مـن هـذه األفعــال‬
know consider
announce – report Subject + (be) + pp + to + (inf) ‫المضـارع‬
People
expect - believe
claim – allege Subject + (be) + pp + to have + pp ‫الماضى‬
understand- deny
Active : People expect that he will win the Nobel Prize.
Passive : It is expected that he will win the Nobel Prize.
: He is expected to win the Nobel Prize.
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Active : People think that he stole the money.
Passive : It is thought that he stole the money.
: He is thought to have stolen the money.
Active People believe that she stole the documents.
Passive It is believed that she stole the documents.
It is believed that the documents were stolen.
She is believed to have stolen the documents.
Exercise
Find the mistake in each of the following sentences and write it correctly
1- It is been reported that he took the money.
2- It is know that he can help us.
3- He is said too be a thief.
4- She was believed to have steal the car.
5- It is fear that there are no survivors of the crash.
6- It was believed that he stole the bank.
7- It is saying that many people are homeless after the floods.
8- Money is think to be the root of all evils.
9- Lamia was said to had gone to Alex..
10- Lander is said to is a swindler .,
11- Leila was arrest because the police found a gold rabbit among her clothes.
12- Cotton grows in Egypt
13- The job is doing at the moment.
14- The injured man couldn't walk and his friends had to be carried him.
15- A new hospital has built near the airport.
16- Dangerous driving are caused a lot of accidents.
17- A decision won't be making before the end of the month.
18- People are not allowing to park here.
19- All the questions must answer in order.
20- Our products export to many countries.
21- She got hurting while cleaning the kitchen.
22- This painting is going to exhibit at the art gallery.
23- The man is questioning at the police station at the moment.
24- This problem should solve soon.
25- Dr Magdy Yacoub is admiring for his medical achievements.
26- Mail doesn't deliver mail on Christmas Day.
27- Mona was severely punishing by her mother.
28- More money will spent on education.
29- Tickets can be buy on the day of the concert.
30- He will be given a prize of the teacher.
Test 5
1.You meet a tourist at the airport. You want to give him a hand.
2.You meet an old friend after a very long time.
3.A person you do not know arrives in your school and you want to help him.
4.You ask an older person about his education.
1- A: Have you seen Tarek ? Place : ……..………..
B: No, sir. He was at his desk on the phone a few minutes ago Speaker A: ……………
A: Is not he there now? Speaker B: ……….……
B: No, may be he is gone home already. Function : ………………
A: he can not have gone home. he is preparing a report for me.
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2- A: Is there anything I can do to help, miss Salma? Place : ……..………..
B: Could you give these books back to the class after break? Speaker A: ……………
A: Yes, of course. Is that the homework we did last week? Speaker B: ……….……
B: Yes, that is right. your homework was very good. Function : ………………
1. People have to carry an …………………. card to prove who they are.
a- identity b- credit c- debit d- hobby
2. In the past , the Romans ………………… Egypt.
a- invaded b- invasion c- flooded d- sold
3. Government employees ………………… at the age of 60.
a- resign b- retried c- retired d- replay
4. Israil still occupies the west ………………… .
a- shore b- bank c- beach d- coast
5. My brother's house is ……………….. by a nice garden.
a- included b- containing c- consist d- enclosed
6. My father traveled to France on a business ……………………. .
a- trip b- voyage c- picnic d- hike
7. He was afraid as he was at home ………………. .
a- lonely b- alone c- only d- own
8. He is ……………….. to have thought from amnesia.
a- think b- thinking c- to think d- thought
9. A famous player ………………… to be hurt in an accident.
a- is believed b- are believed c- is believing d- are believing
10. Money ………………….. to bring happiness.
a- thought b- will think c- has thought d- is thought
11. It was reported ………………… cancelled.
a- that the match b- have been c- to have d- that the match was
12. They are expected ………………….. the cup.
a- to have won b- that they will win c- to win d- to have been win
13. My son ……………… to get full marks.
a- believes b- believed c- is believing d- is believed
14. It ………………. that money is very important.
a- can't deny b- can't have denied c- denied d- can't be denied
15. We don't know where he lives . ……………………….. believed to live in Tanta.
a- It is b- It was c- He is d- He has
16. He ………………… to be an intelligent pupil.
a- considers b- is considered c- has considered d- is considering
1. I went to the cinema to watch the new play.
2. My father died at the ago of 66.
3. Excavation means to dig up the ground to find things from the present.
4. It is been reported that he took the money.
5. It is know that he can help us.
6. He is said too be a thief.
Olive oil has been used by people of the Mediterranean countries, Greece, Italy and Spain for about 4000
years. Many people have realized the healthy benefits of using olive oil instead of other oils. As well as tasting
delicious and being the healthiest cooking oil. Olive oil has many other uses such as cosmetics, hair conditioners
and soaps. It is a preservative; it keeps fish and cheese fresh for years. Perhaps more important, is olive oil's value
as a medicine. Not only can eating olive lowers the risk of serious diseases such as cancer and heart disease, it can
also have a healing effect on many stomach disorders and diseases. This could explain why people in the
Mediterranean countries tend to live longer. It will make your food taste better and your life last longer.
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1. How can we keep fish last for years?
2. What is the value of olive oil as a medicine?
3. Why do the people in the Mediterranean countries tend to live longer?
B) Choose the correct answer a, b, c or d:
4. ……….. is one of the Mediterranean countries
a) Sudan b) Saudi Arabia c) Spain d) England
5. The underlined pronoun "it" refers to …………
a) list b) olive oil c) food d) life
Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
A young woman is walking to her car in a car park. Suddenly a man jumps out at her from behind. She kicks
him and while he's on the floor she jumps into her car and drives away unharmed. When the girl tries to kick the bad
man, he grabs her and pulls her off balance and now she's on the floor, defenseless, with nowhere to rum. This little
story teaches you two things: never walk alone at night and most importantly, use your brain and not your body to
defend yourself against an attacker. Staying safe is all about not putting yourself in a dangerous situation. Avoid
attack before it happens by using your common sense. This means walk with confidence; stay in well-lit areas make
sure someone always knows where you are, and carry a mobile phone with you all times.
1. What is the most important lesson you've learnt from the story?
2. Why shouldn’t you walk alone at night?
3. Is it very important to carry a mobile phone all times? Why?
B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
4. The young woman was unharmed because she …………..
a) was strong b) was weak c) was alone d) didn’t have a mobile
5. The writer s someone who is trying to make people …………
a) worried b) safe c) confident d) frightened
D- The Novel
1- Where did Dr Hafez think he had met Martin Lander before ?
2- Why wouldn’t Leila stay in Lima ?
3- What made Leila suspect the man on the plane (Lander)?
B) Read following quotation and answer the questions:
“No, I’m afraid that wasn’t me.”
1- Who said this to whom?
2- Who had seen the speaker before ? Where ?
3- Why did the speaker deny being seen before?
C) Complete the following sentences :
1- Martin Lander was an African …………………………………..
2- Leila did her degree at ……………………………………..…….
3- he papers which Leila brought to Dr Hafez were about …………………..
E- Writing
8) Write an e-mail to
… your friend Frank who sent you an e-mail asking you for information about your country Egypt.
Tell him about places he could visit, how he can get information about Egypt. Your name is Ahmed.
F- Translation
In some poor countries , over twenty percent of the children die in their first year of life . The
reason for this is the lack of medical care and medicine. Another cause is food and water shortage .
.‫ أي جريمة مهما طال اختفائها سوف تنكشف يوما ما‬
.‫ كان صديقي هو الناجي الوحيد من الحادث‬
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Unit 6 3rd The importance of trees 1st Hello English
Vocabulary
bark ‫لحاء الشجر‬ recently ً ‫ حديثا‬brush teeth ‫ينظف األسنان‬

chemicals ‫مواد كيميائية‬ add to ‫ يضيف إلى‬manage to - ‫يتمكن من‬
harden ‫يصبح أشد صالبة‬ list ‫ قائمة‬palm trees ‫يستطيع‬
‫النخل‬
tube ‫أنبوبة‬ fill ‫ يمأل‬instead of ‫بدل من‬
leaves ‫أوراق شجر‬ serious ‫ خطير‬- ‫ جاد‬advantages ‫مميزات‬
roots ‫جذور‬ reason for ‫ سبب‬merits ‫مميزات‬
rings ‫ دوائر‬- ‫حلقات‬ cause of ‫ سبب‬disadvantages ‫عيوب‬
instructions ‫تعليمات‬ breathe ‫ يتنفس‬demerits ‫عيوب‬
parts ‫أجزاء‬ breath ‫ تنفس‬oxygen ‫أكسجين‬
cut down ‫يقطع‬ protect from ‫ يحمى‬dig ‫يحفر‬
do damage ‫يسبب تلف‬ global warming ‫ االحتباس‬fertilizers ‫األسمدة‬
goats ‫ماعز‬ furniture ‫الحرارى‬ ‫ أثاث‬hammer ‫المطرقة‬
narrow ‫ضيق‬ destroy ‫ يدمر ـ يحطم‬made of ‫مصنوع من‬
wide ‫واسع‬ destruction ‫تحطيم‬ ‫ تدمير ـ‬made from ‫مصنوع من‬
turpentine ‫سائل إلزالة الطالء‬ equipment ‫ معدات‬branches ‫فروع‬
width ‫سعة اتساع‬ recharge ‫ يعيد شحن‬seeds ‫بذور‬
calculate ‫يحسب‬ magazine ‫ مجلة‬soil ‫تربة‬
depend on ‫يعتمد على‬ newspaper ‫ جريدة‬strength ‫قوة‬
rely on ‫يعتمد على‬ extract - ‫ يستخرج‬strengthen ‫يقوي‬
climate ‫مناخ‬ photosynthesis ‫الضوئي‬‫يستخلص‬ ‫ البناء‬length ‫الطول‬
weather ‫طقس‬ musical instrument ‫ آلة موسيقية‬lengthen ‫يطول‬
local x global ‫ محلى‬x ‫عالمى‬ play the piano ‫ العزف على‬bridge ‫ جسر‬- ‫كوبرى‬
cardboard ‫ورق مقوى‬ absorb = take in ‫ البيانو‬queue
‫يمتص‬ ‫طابور‬
incredible ‫ال يصدق‬ uses ‫ استخدامات‬queue up ‫يصطف ـ يقف فى‬
products ‫منتجا ت‬ valuable ‫ شئ ذو قيمة‬taste ‫ يتذوق‬- ‫طابور‬
‫الذوق‬
rubber ‫مطاط‬ value ‫ قيمة ـ يقيم‬remove ‫يزيل‬
tyre ‫إطار مطاطى‬ paint remover ‫ مزيل طالء‬bottom ‫قاع‬
toothpaste ‫معجون األسنان‬ fall over ‫ يقع من على‬top ‫قمة‬
keep --- away ‫يبعد‬ make medicines ‫ يصنع الدواء‬finally ً‫ أخيرا‬-‫فى النهاية‬
wooden stick ‫عصا خشبية‬ kind of ‫ نوع من‬gloves ‫قفازات‬
stake ‫دعامة نبات‬ fuel ‫ وقود‬close together ‫بالقرب من بعض‬
drill into the tree ‫يحفر‬ nuts ‫ مكسرات‬- ‫ بندق‬balance ‫توازن‬
surprise ‫ يفاجئ‬- ‫مفاجأة‬ materials ‫ مواد خام‬deep ‫عميق‬
chlorophyll ‫الكلوروفيل‬ clothes ‫ مالبس‬deepen ‫يعمق‬
widen ‫يوسع‬ cloth e‫ قماش‬depth ‫عمق‬
narrow ‫يضيق‬ building houses ‫ بناء المنازل‬without = but for ‫بدون‬
carbon dioxide ‫ثانى أكسيد الكربون‬ turn into ‫ يتحول إلى‬rain forests ‫الغابات المطيرة‬
violin ‫كمان‬ prune trees ‫ يُقَلِم األشجار‬absorption ‫امتصاص‬
the united nations ‫األمم المتحدة‬ set rules ‫ يضع القواعد‬international ‫المجتمع الدولي‬
forest clearance ‫إزالة الغابات‬ set regulations ‫اللوائح‬ ‫ يضع‬community
‫واللوائح‬ reclaim the desert ‫يستصلح الصحراء‬
noise pollution ‫التلوث الضوضائي‬ abide by the law ‫ يلتزم بالقانون‬spread awareness ‫ينشر الوعي‬
alleviate suffering ‫يخفف المعاناة‬ solve the crisis ‫ يحل األزمة‬exert efforts ‫يبذل الجهود‬
annual festival ‫مهرجان سنوي‬ foreign investment ‫ االستثمار‬a great shift ‫تحوال كبيرا‬
‫األجنبي‬
1
Reading
Why do we need trees ?
If you ask people why we need trees, most of them will answer: “ We need wood from trees for building
houses ”; “ We get fruit and nuts from trees”; “We make paper out of wood from trees”; “we can use wood as a fuel
for cooking and heating”. Recently, people have added a more serious reason to this list: “Trees help the earth to
breathe ” or “They protect us from global warming ”.
It has been said that more than 5,000 things in everyday use are made from trees. Here are a few of them:
furniture, sports equipment, pencils, magazines and newspapers, cardboard boxes, musical instruments and-
believe it or not- some kinds of toothpaste.
In addition to these uses, trees also give us valuable chemicals. Turpentine, which is used as paint remover,
is made from the sap of trees. Sap can also be used to make rubber. If wood is heated, chemicals are produced
which can be used to make medicines and some kinds of plastic. Wood products can also be turned into paper,
cardboard and materials from which clothes can be made. You may be surprised to hear that wood products are
also used in some types of ice cream and other foods.
So, the next time you are reading a newspaper, eating an ice cream, playing the piano or cleaning your
teeth, just stop and think: how would you manage to do these things if there were no trees?
Language Notes
breathe in = inhale breathe out = exhale

breathe in = inhale ‫ يستنشـق‬
Plants breathe in carbon dioxide
breathe out = exhale ‫ يـزفـر‬
Plants breathe out oxygen.
made in made of made from

made in ‫صنـع في‬
This car is made in Japan .
made of ) ‫ صنـع مـن ( المادة المصنـوع منها ما زالت موجـودة‬
The bag is made of leather .
made from (‫ صنـع مـن ( المادة المصنـوع منها لم تعـد موجـودة‬
The cake is made from flour
help
help to + inf. ) to ( ‫ يساعد يأتى بعدها المصدر مسبوقا بـ‬
He helped me to do the job.
help + inf. ) to ( ‫ يساعد يأتي بعدها المصدر بـدون‬
He helped me do the job.
help with + n. ) with – in ( ‫ يساعد يأتي بعدها االسم مسبوقا بـ‬
He helped me with the job.
hear
hear ) ‫ يسمع ( سماع عارض ـ بدون قصد‬
When I was walking in the street I heard someone crying .
hear from ‫ يتلقى رسالة من‬
Have you heard from Ahmed?
hear of ‫ يسمع أخبار عن ـ يعرف بوجود شخص أو شئ‬
She disappeared and was never heard of again.
hear about ‫ يسمع ـ يتلقى معلومات عن‬
You will hear about this later.
manage to succeed in
1
He succeeded in answering the test.
weather climate atmosphere

weather ‫ـ حالـة الجـو مـن مطـر و ريـاح و ثلـوج في فتـرة معينــة‬: ‫ الطـقس‬
What will the weather be like tomorrow ?
What was the weather like yesterday?
climate ‫ـ حالـة الطقـس في مكـان محـدد‬: ‫ المنـاخ‬
The climate of Egypt is fine all the year round.
atmosphere ‫ـ مـا يحيـط األرض أو المكـان‬: ‫ الغـالف الجـوي‬
Atmosphere is the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth.
everyday every day

everyday (adj.) ‫ تستخدم ككلمة واحدة بمعني يومي وهي في هذه الحالة صفة‬
I meet a lot of people in my everyday life
every day (adj.) .‫ تستخدم ككلمتان منفصلتان بمعني كل يوم وهي في هذه الحالة حال‬
I go to school every day
count calculate
count ‫ يعــد علـى أصابعه‬
Scientists are able to calculate the speed of sound.
calculate ‫ يحسـب باآللـة‬
Some tribes can’t count up to nine.
use to use for use as

use + object + to + inf ‫ يستخـدم‬
We use wood to make furniture. ( use for )
use + object + for + ( v + ing ) ‫ يستخـدم‬
We use wood for making furniture.
use as ‫ يستخدم كـ‬
Wood is used as a fuel.
similar to the same as the same

similar to ) ‫ مشابـه لـ ( اختـالف‬
The two books are similar but this one is new.
the same as ‫ نفس الشئ بـدون اختـالف‬
He wears the same suit every day.
the same + (noun)
They have the same nationality.
else
else ‫ مثـل‬some – every – no – some ( ( ‫ تستخدم بعد الكلمات التي تبدأ بـ‬
someone else / everyone else
else ‫ ) مثـل‬one / thing / body ( ‫ تستخدم بعد الكلمات التي تنتهي‬
something else / nothing else
else what / who / why / where (( ‫ و تستخدم بعد أدوات االستفهام‬
What else do you need? Who else attended the meeting?
hold
hold / held / held ‫ يمسك‬/ ‫ يقيم‬
He held the chair.
hold an opinion / belief / view ‫ وجهة نـظر‬/ ‫ اعتقـاد‬/ ‫ يؤمـن بـرأي‬
She holds the opinion that the world will end soon.
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hold back ‫ يعـوق‬/ ‫ يمنـع‬
The police couldn't hold back the crowds.
hold up ‫ يعطل‬
Sorry, I didn't mean to hold everybody up.
catch
catch ‫ يمسـك‬
The cat caught the fish with its mouth.
catch ‫ يصطـاد حيـوان‬
Cats like to catch mice. The police caught the thief.
catch ‫ يلحـق بـ‬
We have to get up early to catch the first bus.
catch ‫ يصـاب بـ‬
It's easy to catch Bird Flu if you are not careful.
catch ‫ يعـلق بـ ـ يشبـك في‬
I caught my new T-shirt in a nail.
connect contact
connect something to something ‫ يوصل بجهاز‬
First connect the printer to the computer.
connect someone / thing with something ‫ يرتبط بـ‬/ ‫ يوصل‬
The railway link would connect Tanta with Cairo.
There was nothing to connect him with the crime.
contact ‫ يتصل بـ‬
Please do not hesitate to contact me if you need anything.
Expressions
sap ‫عصارة فى النبات تحمل الماء والغذاء‬ be surprised to + (inf) ‫يفاجئ بـ ـ يندهش من‬
use wood as a fuel ‫يستخدم الخشب كوقود‬ calculate the age of a tree ‫يحسب عمر شجرة‬
make paper out of wood ‫يصنع الورق من الخشب‬ damage to ‫تلف لـــ‬
important for ‫هام لــ‬ protect ….. from ‫يحمى من‬
drill into ‫يحفر ـ يثقب‬ turn into ‫يتحول إلى‬
take in ‫ يخدع‬- ‫يمتص ـ يستوعب‬ count on = depend on ‫يعتمد على‬
cut down ‫ يُقلل‬/ ‫يقطع‬ take off ‫ يخلع‬- ‫يقلع‬
leave out ‫يستبعد‬ carry from .. to ‫ إلي‬.. ‫ينقل من‬
believe it or not ‫صدق أو ال تصدق‬ in general ‫بصفة عامة‬
make predictions ‫يتنبأ‬ fall over in the wind ‫يسقط أثناء هبوب الرياح‬
do a favour ‫يقدم خدمة أو معروف‬ get better at ‫يتحسن في‬
get in the team ‫ينضم للفريق‬ put out fire ‫يُطفئ النيران‬
a set of instructions ‫مجموعة تعليمات‬ do damage to ‫ يُلحق ضررا بـ‬/ ‫يضُر‬
put down roots )‫يستقر (في مكان معين‬ give out ‫ يُطلق‬/ ‫يُخرج‬
hide from enemies ‫يختبئ من األعداء‬ point downwards ‫يمتد أو يتجه ألسفل‬
keep .. away from ‫ عن‬.. ‫يُبعد‬ do good to ‫يعود بالفائدة علي‬
Exercise
1. ---------------------------- means the increase in the heat of the Earth.
( Globalization – Nationalization – Global warming – Immunity )
2. The violin ‫ الكمان‬and the lute are both --------------------------- instruments .
( music – musician – musicians – musical )
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3. They ------------------------ the piano and performed well.
( played – made – did – answered )
4. He ---------------------------- to climb the tree with great difficulty.
( able – managed – capable – could )
5. We must keep animals ------------------------- from young plants.
( on – in – up – away )
6. Ayman and Samy are the same --------------------------.
( old – young – edge – age )
7. We use ----------------------- to make boxes.
( cardboard – dashboard – blackboard – board )
8. Tyres and boots are made of --------------------------------
( rubber – oil – iron – glass )
9. You can use --------------------------- to brush your teeth.
( toothpaste – flour – milk – shaving paste )
10. The ----------------------------- are the parts of the trees that grow underground.
( leaves – nuts – fruits – branches )
11. The hard outside part of a tree is called -----------------------------
( bark – branch - fruit – roots )
12. Every year, Trees grow extra ----------------------------- of new wood.
( branches – trees – rings – roots )
13. The new trousers are too long , so my mother is going to ----------------------- it.
( short – shorten – shortens – shortening )
14. The liquid that carries food in trees is ---------------------------------
( sad – sat – sap – sin )
15. --------------------------------- is a musical instrument.
( paint – piano – jug – mug )
16. They used ----------------------------- to remove paint.
( toothpaste – rubber – turpentine – cardboard )
17. Goats and other animals can -------------------- tress by damaging the bark.
( eat – kill – water – freeze )
18. The more rain there is in a year , the -------------------- the tree rings are.
( narrower – wider – taller – shorter )
19. The --------------------- of the rings depends on the climate and amount of rain.
( wide – width – length – age )
20. If the bark is badly damaged , the tree ----------------------------
( sleeps – dies – runs – walks )
21. We can make paper --------------------- wood from trees.
( out of – of out – down from – from down )
22. The bark is like our -----------------------
( hands – hearts – skin – hair )
23. We can calculate the age of a tree by counting its -----------------------
( leaves – rings – nuts – roots )
24. We can make a deep narrow hole by using a --------------------------
( borer – telescope – microscope – map )
25. what was the weather ----------------------------- yesterday?

( as – like – likes – hates )
26. The country suffered from ……………….. as there was no rain for long.
( draught – famine – drought – draft )
27. The ………………….. are the food factory of a tree.
( trunks – barks – branches – leaves )
28. He took me ……………… and took all my money.
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( out – in – off – away )
29. The tubes carry water from tree's …………………….. to its leaves.
( bark – root – trunk – branch )
30. The smallest part of an animal or a plant is called a …………………….. .
( sell – well – cell – skin )
31. Robin Hood succeeded ……………………. hiding on an oak tree.
( in - of - at - for )
32. We use ………………… to make boxes.
( cardboard – dashboard - blackboard – board )
33. The liquid that carries food in trees is ………………..…….. .
( sad - sat – sap – sin )
34. Paper is made ………………………. wood.
( from - of – in – by )
35. What was the weather ……………… yesterday?
( like – alike – as – hates )
36. He used a paint ……………….. to clean his shirt.
( remove – removal – removing – remover )
37. The oil which is ………………….. from olives is used for cooking.
( extracted – retreated – contacted – conducted )
38. I ………………….. that we would arrive there at 6. p.m.
( included – excluded – calculated – valued )
39. A lot of medicines come from tropical ……………………….. .
( rainforests – rainbows – raindrops – rainfalls )
40. Cutting ………………… trees causes damage to the environment.
( in – of – away – down )
41. You have to obey all the ………………… and regulations.
( roles – reels – rails – rules )
42. Most trees …………………. bigger every year.
( die – live – grow – reach )
1-The couple which I met at the station took me to dinner.
2-In addition to he wrote the letter, he saw the film.
3-Because they played very well, they lost the match.
4-The people in our street are very neighbouring. They always help each other.
5-My uncle is a represent for an international oil company.
6-You should not ridiculous people who have different ideas from you.
7-Despite the weather was bad, we went out.
8-He didn't go out as his illness.
9-As well as he goes to the market, he visited some friends.
10-He was driving with one hand and waving with the another.
The root of the tree has two main functions. First, it transports water and minerals from the ground
to the trunk and then to branches and leaves. Second , it holds the tree securely in the ground.
.‫ تنشأ المكتبات العامة في كل مكان لتشجيع كل أفراد األسرة علي القراءة‬
1
Grammar
IF
Zero conditional ) ‫ حـالـة الصفـر ( مـع الحقـائـق‬
If + ‫مـضــارع بسيـط‬ ‫مـضــارع بسـيـط‬

If we heat water, it boils.
If you freeze water, It turns into ice.
If + ‫( ( فى‬ ‫الأمــر‬ ‫مـضـارع بسـيـط‬
If my brother comes, please tell me .
If she comes, let her in.
The First conditional ‫ الحـالـة الشرطيـة األولى‬
If + ‫مضــارع بسـيـط‬ will + ‫المصـدر‬

If you study hard, you will get high marks.
If I earn some money, I’ll go abroad. ( Should )
.to ‫ فـى الحالتيـن األولـى والثانيـة ويليهـا مصــدر بــدون‬If ‫ محـل‬Should ‫تحـل‬ ‫ـ‬: ‫الحــظ‬ 
Should + ‫ فاعل‬+ e‫مصدر‬ will ( would ) + ‫المصــدر‬

Should I earn some money, I’ll go abroad.
. but only if – If ‫ تستخـدم الروابـط اآلتيـة بمعنى‬
in case
providing
Future simple provided that Present simple
as long as
only if
I'll attend the party provided that he invites me.
I'll lend you the money as long as you promise to pay it back soon.
He will travel abroad in case he gets the passport.
She will pass the test only if she studies hard
If he studies hard, he will succeed . ( In case of )
‫ـ‬: ‫ نستخـدم‬Simple ‫ و عنـد تحويلهـا إلى‬Complex ‫هـذه الجملة‬ 
In case of – With - By + noun ‫اســـم‬ or ( v + ing )
In case of hard study, he will succeed

If I earn some money, I’ll go a broad. ( In case of )
In case of earning some money, I’ll go a broad.
If you study hard, you will get high marks. ( Unless )
Unless = Except if = If not ‫فى كـل حـاالتهـا‬

Unless you study hard, you will not get high marks.
‫ ننفى جـواب الشرط وأما إذا كانت منفية نحذف النفي وال ننفى جواب‬Unless ‫ مثبتة عنـد استخدام‬If ‫ـ إذا كانت‬:‫ الحــظ‬
You will be late unless you hurry. =
You will be late if you don't hurry. =
You will be late except if you hurry.
. unless ‫ محـل‬except if ‫ أو‬if + not ‫تستخـدم‬ ‫ـ‬: ‫السـابقـة‬ ‫الحـظ في األمثلة‬ 
1
If you don't study, you will fail. ( Unless )
Unless you study, you will fail. ( Without )
‫ـ‬: ‫ نستخـدم‬Simple ‫ و عنـد تحويلهـا إلـى‬Complex ‫هـذه الجملة‬ 
Without ( But for ) + noun ‫اســـم‬ or ( v + ing )

Without ( But for ) studying, you will fail.
The Second conditional ‫ الحـالـة الشرطيـة الثـانية‬
If + ‫ماضي بسـيـط‬ would + ‫المصــدر‬

If you studied hard, you would get high marks.
If he hurried, he would catch the train. ( Should )
Should he hurry, he would catch the train. ( In case of )
In case of hurrying, he would catch the train. ( Unless )
Unless he hurried, he would not catch the train. ( Without )
Without ( But for ) hurrying, he would not catch the train. ( Were )
Were + ‫فـاعـل‬ + to + ‫مصـدر‬ would + ‫المصــدر‬

.‫ في الحالـة الثانيـة‬If ‫ محــل‬Were ‫ تحـل‬
Were he to hurry, he would catch the train.
He isn’t tall enough to touch the shelf. ( If )
If he were tall, he’d touch the shelf. ( B. w. Were )
Were he tall, he’d touch the shelf.
.‫ مــع كـل الضمـائـر في حـالـة االستحـالـة‬were ‫ـ استخـــدام‬: ‫ الحـــظ‬
If I were a doctor, I would be rich
. ‫ في الحــالــة الثـانيـة ويليـهـا اســم‬If ‫ محـــل‬Had ‫ـ تحـــل‬: ‫ الحـــظ‬
He doesn’t have a map, so he may get lost
If he had a map, he wouldn’t get lost.
= Had he a map, he wouldn’t get lost.
. ‫ـ إذا كـانـت الجمـلـة مضــارع نستخــدم الحالـة الثـانيـة مــع حــذف النفي‬: ‫ الحـــظ‬
He can’t get high marks because he doesn’t do his best. ( B. w. If )
If he did his best, he would (could) get high marks.
She doesn't run quickly, so she doesn't catch the train. ( B. w. If )
If she ran quickly, she would catch the train.
.‫ ) في الحالـة الثانيـة‬But for - without ( ‫ محـــل‬If it were not for ( + ‫ـ تحـــل ( اســم‬: ‫ الحــظ‬
If it were not for + ‫اســـم‬ Would + ‫المصــدر‬

But for doctors, People would die.
If it were not for doctors, People would die.
The Third conditional ‫ الحـالـة الشرطيـة الثـالثـة‬
If + ( had + pp ) ‫ماضي تـام‬ would have + pp
If he had studied hard, he would have got high marks. ( Had )

. ‫ في الحـالـة الثـالثـة ويليهـا التصـريـف الثالـث‬If ‫ محــل‬Had ‫ـ تحــل‬: ‫ الحــظ‬
Had he studied hard, he would have got high marks.
1
Had he studied hard, he would have got high marks. ( In case of )
In case of hard study, he would have got high marks. ( Unless )
Unless he studied hard, he would not have got high marks. ( Without )
Without hard study, he would not have got high marks.
. ‫ـ إذا كــانـت الجمـلـة ماضي نستخدم الحـالـة الثـالثـة مـع نفـى اإلثبـات وإثبـات النفي‬: ‫ الحــظ‬
He didn’t study hard so he didn’t get high marks. ( If )
If he had studied hard, he would have got high marks.
We won October war. We restored Sinai. ( If )
If we hadn’t won October war, we wouldn’t have restored Sinai.
They didn’t catch the train because they didn’t hurry. ( Had )
Had they hurried, they would have caught the train.
.‫ ) في الحالـة الثالثـة‬But for - without ( ‫ ) محــل‬If it hadn’t been for + ‫ـ تحــل ( اســم‬: ‫الحــظ‬ 
If it hadn’t been for + ‫اســم‬ Would have + pp

Without the rescuers’ efforts, a lot of people wouldn’t have survived
If it hadn’t been for rescuers' efforts, A lot people wouldn’t have survived.
Exercise
Find the mistake in each of the following sentences and write it correctly:
1- If I felt tired, I usually go to bed early.
2- If I found any money at school, I'll take it to one of the teachers.
3- If you haven't taken those photos, I wouldn't have remembered our holiday.
4- I'll tell you if I saw anything unusual.
5- If there hadn't been a doctor on the train, the man would die.
6- If his wife hadn't been rich, he doesn't marry her.
7- Unless she makes that phone call, she wouldn't have known about his illness.
8- Unless he arrives early, he will have missed the lecture.
9- If he were a lawyer, he helps me.
10- Had he seen the signal, he wouldn't make that accident.
11- Unless your call, he might have lost his life .
12- My advice is not to put off your homework .
13- Iron expands if it cooled .
14- We blame to inform you that one of our friends is not well .
15- Had he has enough time, he would have visit the Cairo Tower .
16- A conductor's job is to collect fires from passengers on a bus or a train .
17- If you heated ice, it melts.
18- If someone will ring the doorbell, don’t let them in.
19- If she have enough time, she will visit us.
20- If you took an aspirin, your headache may get better.
21- If he is a doctor, he could help you.
22- Without my advice, he will have lost all his money.
23- He can buy that expensive car if he had enough money.
24- I would write to him if I know his address.
25- They would have won the match if they had played badly.
26- She won't have lost her tennis match if she had had enough practice.
27- If it weren't for my father’s help, I wouldn’t have passed my exams.
28- Unless he has been careful, he wouldn't have avoided a terrible accident.
29- He would succeed provided that he studies hard.
30- If you heat water, it changed into steam.
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Test 6
1.You want to ask one of your grandparents about his life when she was young.
2.Ahmed suggests going to the shore but you don't have spare time.
3.You're asked which sport you think is the best form of exercise.
4.Your bus leaves in ten minutes and you want to catch it.
1- A : How can I operate this TV? Place: ……………….
B : This brochure will show you , sir. Speaker A:………….
A : Ok , thanks. Function :……………
2– A : How can I get high marks? Place: ……………….

B : If you study hard and work to a plan. Speaker B:………….
A : Thank. Function :……………
1. Every year, trees grow extra ……… of new wood.
a- rings b- sings c- brings d- kings
2. The liquid that carries food in trees is called ….
a- lab b- map c- nap d- sap
3. A piano is a musical …….. .
a- measurement b- instrument c- movement d- improvement
4. We can use turpentine to …………… paint.
a- remove b- prove c- disprove d- drove
5. The ………. are the parts of trees that grow under the ground and find water.
a- leaves b- roots c- bark d- branches
6. The hard outside part of a tree is called the ……………………… .
a- ark b- clerk c- bark d- park
7. ……………….. are the flat green parts at the ends of the branches of a tree.
a- Leaves b- Roots c- Bark d- Branches
8. A fruit grows on a plant or tree and has ……………….. inside.
a- leaves b- roots c- seeds d- branches
9. If it ------------------ tomorrow, I will go for a walk.
a- doesn't rain b- won't rain c- didn't rain d- hadn't rained
10. ---------------- danger, call the police.
a- If b- Unless c- Without d- In case of
11. If we heat metals , they ----------------------
a- expanded b- would expand c- will not expand d- expand
12. If you meet my father, ------------ tell him I am in the club.
a- won't b- wouldn't c- don't d- can't
13. You will understand the lesson ----------------- you listen carefully.
a- unless b- except if c- as long as d- so
14. If she -------------- the newspaper, she would have known.
a- read b- reads c- had read d- will read
15. If I -------------- you, I would apologize to her.
a- am b- were c- had been d- have been
16. If he didn't come , I ----------------- him.
a-forgive b- won't forgive c- wouldn't forgive d- would have forgiven
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1. If I felt tired, I will go to bed.
2. If I found any money at school, I will take it to the teacher.
3. I will tell you if I saw anything unusual.
4. If she trains hard , she wins next week's race.
5. This instance measures breathing and blood pressure.
6. Her company has benches in Cairo and Alexandria.
Light and heat from the sun pour down on the Earth all the time. When we turn this energy into electricity or
use it as heat, we call it solar |- power. On a sunny day, a square patch of Earth facing the sun with sides 1 m (40
in) long gets up to 1.000 watts of power from the sun: enough to run one bar of an electric fire. In fact, the sun could
supply all the power we need for the whole world if could collect it and use it efficiently. The equipment needed to
turn the sun's energy into useful power is expensive
But the costs of running and maintaining that equipment are less than those of ordinary power stations.
Electricity is probably the most convenient type of power we use every day, and solar cells can turn sunlight directly
into electricity. Solar cells are made from thin slices of pure silicon, a material, which can be got from sand.
The top of the slice is a slightly different kind of silicon from the bottom, and when light shines on it, an electric
current will flow along a wire connecting the top to the bottom. A single solar cell produces only a tiny current, but an
array of cells connected together makes a useful amount of power. Solar cells are expensive to make so we use
them only where there is no convenient electricity supply. Satellites in space have huge panels of solar cells to
supply their electricity. In remote parts of some developing countries solar cells provide electricity to pump water for
drinking and growing crops and to power refrigerators storing medicines.

1.What is solar power?
2.When could the sun supply the power needed for the whole world?
3.Why must satellites in space have solar cells?
4.What does the underlined word 'remote' refer to?
B - Choose the right answer form a, b, c, or d:
5.The most suitable type of power for us is ...........
a) coal b) oil c) gas d) electricity
6.The ........... is a good conductor of electricity.
a) silicon b) light c) sun d) slice
7.A single solar cell produces a .......... current of electricity.
a) strong b) remote c) tiny d) hot
In Egypt, the tourism industry has come to hold a position of great importance lately. It is felt that it could help
increase the national income. In some European countries, tourism has brought in millions of dollars yearly,
although they lack the natural and historical attractions we have in Egypt. We could, for instance, establish tourist
villages for children on the Red Sea. We could teach fishing, swimming, diving and sailing there. Another good idea
would be a village in the New Valley for horse riding. And what about villages for people with health problems like
rheumatism? The warm dry climate of Aswan and Helwan would certainly help them get better.
Our tourist today wants efficient and friendly service. He would probably prefer to try our samples of our local
food rather than to eat the international meals, which are served, in some places. It must also be remembered that
most tourists nowadays are seldom rich. Many of them are students or hardworking employees. So what is needed
is not expensive hotels but clean comfortable places to sleep and eat in at reasonable prices. This, too, would
encourage Egyptians to travel more and more around their lovely country.
Give short answers to the following questions:

1.How could we encourage Egyptians to see more and more of their country?
2.Why has tourism become very important?
3.What sort of people did the writer suggest to enjoy our warm dry climate?
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
4.The writer feels that Egypt has got …….. the other countries which make so much money from
tourism.
a) less attractions than b) the least attractions of
c) the same attractions as d) more attractions than
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5.According to the writer, if someone has pains in his muscles and joints, he should go to ………
a) Europe b) Aswan c) The Red Sea d) The New Valley
D- The Novel
1-Where should gold and silver objects found in digging be kept ?
2-The Incas and the Ancient Egyptian differed in the way they buried their dead. Explain how?
3-What made Dr Hafez choose Leila to be in charge of a team ?
B)Read following quotation and answer the questions:

“We’re going to break through into the tomb this week”
1-Who said this to whom ?
2-Why were the going to break through in the tomb ?
3-What was the tomb they decided to break through ?

1-Dr Hafez was so careful that he ………………….….
2-What made Dr Hafez suspect Martin Lander was …………………
3-Dr Hafez warned Leila of ………………….……..
E- Writing
8) Write a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about:
" The importance and uses of trees "
F- Translation
Trees are very important because they have many uses. We can use them to get wood and other
things . But the most important thing is that they protect us from global warming.
.‫ تساهم األشجار في زيادة األكسجين وتقليل التلوث‬
.‫ إن العمل الجماعى يـؤدى إلى التعــاون وإنكـار الذات والنظـام‬
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Unit 7 3rd Great engineering 1st Hello English
Vocabulary
great ‫عظيم‬ sound like ‫يشبه‬ flood ‫يفيض‬

tourist ‫سائح‬ project ‫مشروع‬ unthinkable ‫غير معقول‬
tourism ‫السياحة‬ engineering ‫مشروع هندسي‬ monuments ‫آثار‬
the way to ‫الطريق إلى‬ project
cheap ‫رخيص‬ Nile valley ‫وادي النيل‬
city centre ‫وسط المدينة‬ modern ‫حديث‬ make a plan ‫يدبر خطة‬
underground ‫مترو األنفاق‬ ancient ‫قديم‬ draw up a plan ‫يرسم خطة‬
train
railway ‫نظام سكة حديد‬ consider ‫يعتبر‬ rescue ‫ينقذ‬
system
the middle ‫الشرق األوسط‬ invest ‫يستثمر‬ rescue ‫عملية إنقاذ‬
east
engine ‫محرك ـ موتور‬ investor ‫مستثمر‬ operation
weigh ‫يزن‬
engineer ‫مهندس‬ investment ‫استثمار‬ weight ‫الوزن‬
engineering ‫الهندسة‬ progress ‫تقدم ـ تطور‬ raise ‫يرفع‬
a lot newer ‫أجدد كثيرا‬ the whole ‫الشيء بأكمله‬ rise ‫يرتفع‬
line ‫خط‬ thing
amazing ‫مذهل‬ concrete base ‫قاعدة خرسانية‬
open (v) (adj) ‫يفتح ـ مفتوح‬ finish ‫ينهى‬ complete ‫يكمل‬
commuter ‫المسافر يوميا إلى‬ plan ‫خطة‬ attacks ‫هجمات‬
carry ‫العمل‬
‫يحمل‬ improve ‫يحسن‬ emperor ‫إمبراطور‬
hold ‫يمسك‬ safe ‫يوفر‬ empire ‫إمبراطورية‬
pick ‫يلتقط‬ amazing ‫أعمال مذهلة‬ great wall of ‫سور الصين العظيم‬
lift ‫يرفع‬ works
site ‫موقع‬ china
eventually ‫أخيرا‬
cost ‫يتكلف ـ تكلفة‬ temple ‫معبد‬ stop attackers ‫يمنع المهاجمين‬
whether ---- or ‫ أو‬.... ‫سواء‬ carve ‫ينحت‬ structure ‫بناء‬
station ‫محطة‬ cliff ‫صخرة مرتفعة‬ construction ‫بناء‬
save money ‫يوفر مال‬ position ‫موقع ـ يقع‬ reconstruction ‫إعادة البناء‬
massive ‫ضخم‬ certain times ‫أوقات معينة‬ re-open ‫يعيد افتتاح‬
giant ‫عمالق‬ rays ‫أشعة‬ combination ‫خليط ـ مزيج‬
drilling ‫آله حفر‬ rising sun ‫الشمس المشرقة‬ attack ‫يهاجم‬
machine
dig ‫يحفر‬ illuminate ‫ينير‬ ride ‫يركب ـ يمتطى‬
tunnel ‫نفق ـ يحفر نفق‬ illumination ‫إنارة‬ on horse ‫على ظهر الخيل‬
diameter ‫قطر‬ government ‫الحكومة‬ backs
statue ‫تمثال‬
Reading
Great Engineering
Egypt has many amazing works of engineering, both ancient and modern. South of Aswan, for example, Abu
Simbel is the site of two temples which were carved into a cliff in about 1250 BC. The larger temple was positioned so
that at certain times of the year, the rays of the rising sun would illuminate the statues of Ptah, Amun-Re, Ramses II
and Ry-Horakhty.
In 1954, the government decided to build Aswan High Dam. This meant that the Nile Valley would be flooded
and that Abu Simbel itself would be under water. It was unthinkable that Egypt should lose one of its most important
monuments, so plans were made to rescue it.
The massive statues were cut into pieces which weighed over 30 tonnes each. These were raised over 60
metres up the cliff, where they were attached to a concrete base. The work took thousands of workers more than
three years to complete. Today, the temples, which were re-opened in 1968, are an amazing combination of ancient
and modern engineering.
Many years after the building of Abu Simbel, China had a different problem which was solved by another great
engineering project. Many years ago, enemies were attacking the rich towns of northern China. The emperor decided
to keep the attacks out, so work on the Great Wall of China began in 220 BCE and continued for hundreds of years.
Eventually, the wall reached a length of 6400 km. It is the longest structure ever built and was all made without
machines. Its five-meter width is wide enough for soldiers to ride along on horses to stop attackers from climbing over
the wall.
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Language Notes
carved into carved out of

carved into ‫ منحـــوت فـى‬
The temple was carved into the sandstone cliff.
carved out of ‫ منحـــوت مـن‬
The statue is carved out of wood.
site
site ‫ بنـاء‬/ ‫ موقـع أثـرى‬
Abu Simble is the site of two temples south of Aswan.
site ‫ موقع على شبكة اإلنترنت‬
You can apply for the job on our website.
raise rise arise arouse

raise ( d ) + ‫مفعـول‬ ‫ يرفـع‬/ ‫ يجمـع مـال‬/ ‫ يـربى حيوانـات‬
Raise your hand if you want to answer.
He raised a lot of money a broad. His uncle raises cattle and sheep.
rise - rose - risen ) ‫( بـدون مفعـول‬ ‫ يستيقظ‬/ ‫ ينهـض ليحيى شخص‬/ ‫ تشـرق‬/ ‫ يرتفـع‬
The sun rises in the east. I rise at 6.00 in the morning.
.When the visitor entered, all students rose. Taxis fare have risen
arise arose arisen ) ‫ ينشـأ ( بـدون مفعـول‬/ ‫ يحتـدم‬/ ‫ يـزيد عن الحـد‬
A lot of problems arise because of misunderstanding.
arouse ( ‫ ) مفعـول‬+ aroused ‫ يوقـظ‬/‫ يثيـر‬
His behavior aroused the suspicion of the police. Don’t arouse the baby.
decide
decide to + inf ‫ يقـرر‬
She decided to go out.
decide on + noun ‫ يقـرر ـ يحدد‬
You have to decide on your goal in life
decide that + sentence ‫ يقـرر‬
He decided that you should attend.
conquer occupy raid

conquer ) ‫ يغزو ( عدو أو بلد‬
The Normans conquered England in 1066.
occupy ) ‫ يحتل ( مكان أو بلد‬
The capital has been occupied by the rebel army.‫الجيش الثائر‬
raid ) ‫ يشن ( غارة‬
Villages along the border are regularly raided.
adjectives ending in (ed) & (ing)

adjectives ending in (ed) ‫ تعبـر عن أشخـاص‬ed ‫ الصفـات المنتهيـة بـ‬
I'm very tired today. I'm interested in reading books.
adjectives (ing) ‫ تعبـر عـن أشيـاء‬ing ‫ أمـا الصفـات المنتهيـة بـ‬
Shopping is very tiring. I watched a very interesting film yesterday.
adjectives (ing) .‫) مـع العاقل إذا كان الشخص هو الذي يسبب هذه الصفة‬ing ( ‫ ويمكن أن تأتى الصفـة المنتهيـة بــ‬
He is boring. ( It means that he causes boredom )
1
hundred thousand million
.‫ هذه الكلمات إذا جاء قبلها عدد محدد تكون مفردا أما إذا لم يسبقها عدد محدد وتشير لكميات كبيرة تكون جمعا‬
His salary is 500 hundred pounds a month.
Thousands of people watched the match on TV yesterday.
realize achieve reach

realize ‫ يدرك‬
I'm sorry, I didn't realize that it was so late.
achieve ‫ يحقق‬
He will never achieve anything if he doesn't work harder.
reach ( goal – aim – target ) ‫ يصل إلى ـ يحقق‬
He reached his goal after long hours of hard work.
lose miss
lose ‫ يخسـر ـ يفقـد شـئ‬
Our national team lost the last match.
miss ‫ يفتقـد شخـص ـ يفـوته مواصـالت‬
I missed my uncle very much. He missed the train as he got up late.
proud pride
proud of (something / someone) ‫ فخــور بـ‬
Her parents are very proud of her.
proud to do something ‫ فخــور أن‬
I am proud to receive this award.
take pride in ‫ يفتخر بـ‬
She takes a great pride in her work.
keep
keep up ‫يستمـر‬ keep out ‫يتجنـب ـ يحجـز‬
keep in ‫يحبـس‬ keep off ‫ال تقتـرب‬
keep up with ‫يسـايـر ـ يـواكـب‬ keep down ‫يسيطـر علـى‬
keep pace with ‫يسـايـر ـ يـواكـب‬ keep at ‫يواظـب علـى‬
keep away from ‫يبعـد عـن‬ keep to ‫يـالزم‬
Keep back ‫يعـوق‬
cut
cut out ‫ تتـوقـف آلـة‬cut to size ‫يقطـع حسـب المقـاس‬
cut down ‫ يقلل ـ يختصر ـ يقطع شجرة‬cut off ‫يـوقـف إمداد‬
cut up ‫ يمـزق‬cut ‫يقطـع‬
work
work on (something) ‫يصنـع أو يصلـح أو يحسـن الشـئ‬ work up ‫يحسـن أو يطـور أو ينمـى‬
work on (someone) ‫يحاول أن يقنـع الشخـص‬ work ( himself ) up ‫يتضـايق أو يغضـب مـن شـئ‬
work in \ into ‫يمـزج‬ work for ‫يعمـل لحسـاب‬
work out ‫ يتدرب بانتظـام‬- ‫ يحسـب‬- ‫يحل‬ work in someone's ‫ يفيـد‬- ‫يعمـل لصالحـه‬
work with ‫يعمل مع ـ يساعد‬ favouragainst
work ‫يعمل ضد‬
1
Expressions
work as ‫يعمل كــ‬ travel to ‫يسافر إلى‬
in favour of ‫فى صالح‬ plan for ‫يخطط لــــ‬
travel around ‫يتجول‬ be carved into ‫منحوت في‬
go under ‫يعبر من تحت‬ keep out ‫يبعد‬
proud of ‫فخور بــ‬ stop ----from ‫يمنع من‬
proud that + ‫جملة‬ ‫فخور أن‬ prevent ---- from ‫يمنع من‬
on horses ‫على ظهر الحصان‬ discourage ---- from ‫يمنع من‬
attach to = fix to ‫يثبت في‬ compete in ‫يتنافس فى‬
cut into pieces ‫يقطع ألجزاء‬ on horses ‫على ظهر الخيل‬
make a plane ‫يضع خطة‬ go from --- to ‫يذهب من ـ إلى‬
works of engineering ‫أعمال هندسية‬ pick up ‫يلتقط‬
Exercise
1. My father studied ……………………… at university and has designed many important bridges.
( engineer – engineering – engineered – engineers )
2. Education is a/an …………………… in the future of a country and its people.
( investment – wish – hope – fun )
3. The Great wall of China was a / an ………………. project which took years.
( wish – massive – royal – tiny )
4. The tunnel has a ………………. of 7.6 meters.
( size – diameter – wide – long )
5. He works in engineering as he is a / an ………………….. .
( engineer – farmer – detective – lawyer )
6. The verb of " commuter " is ……………………. .
( compute – comment – communicate – commute )
7. The quickest way to get to the city centre is to …………….. an underground train .
( buy – sell – take – come )
8. A journey on the underground ……………….. one pound.
( pays – costs – gives – repay )
9. The first line of the Paris Metro system was ………………… in 1900.
( opened – played – moved – painted )
10. ……… is a large structure that is built to remind us of an important event or a famous person.
( Cliff – Base – Monuments – Raise )
11. To …………………. means to make light shine on something.
( carve – raise – illuminate – cut )
12. To move or lift something to a higher position means ………………….. .
( raise – cut – arise – buy )
13. To carve is to cut stone or wood into a particular …………………… .
( shade – shadow – shallow – shape )
14. The ……………….. carved the sculpture from a massive piece of stone.
( artist - actor - director - player )
15. The conquest was in …………………….. .
( 133 Ad – 133 BC – BC 133 – 133 AB )
16. The temples are an amazing ……………………. of ancient and modern engineering.
( combination – unit – mixture – control )
17. The Wall …………………… a length of 6400 km.
( arrived – reached – got on – came )
18. …………………….. are responsible for protecting their countries.
( Actors – Soldiers – Queens – Toddlers )
19. She ……………………. her husband so much because of his death.
( missed – lost – enjoyed – hated )
20. Part of The metro runs in a ………………… under the Nile.
( channel – hole – tunnel – funnel )
1
1-We are proud of he won the prize.
2-They do a plan to rescue the monuments.
3-It is width enough for them to move.
4-The thieves attached the old woman and robbed her.
5-H has his own factory , he works against himself.
6-I can't hear you , please rise your voice.
7-Doctors helps sick people.
8-We are listen to music now.
9-She is running fastly.
10-When are she coming?
The government sets up industrial projects to increase our local production. It encourages the
private sector to invest capital. It also demolishes the barriers that hinder economic progress.
. ‫ إن موقع مصر الجغرافي المتميز و آثارها الرائعة جعلها واحدة من أهم الدول السياحية في العالم‬
Grammar
Certainty – Deduction ‫التـأكـد ـ االستنتـاج‬
with Present Past

must + ‫مصـدر‬ must have + pp
I'm sure
I'm certain He must be a teacher. He must have been a teacher.
I think ‫شبــــه‬
certainly I'm sure he is a doctor. ‫تــأكـــد‬ I think he recorded the song.
I believe He must be a teacher. He must have recorded the song.
I imagine
can't + ‫مصـدر‬ can't have + pp
He can't be a teacher. He can't have been a teacher.

I'm sure, he isn't the killer. ‫للنـفــى‬ I think he didn't go to the country.
He can't be the killer. He can't have gone to the country.
may + ‫مصـدر‬ may have + pp

not sure
He may be a teacher. He may have been a teacher.
not certain ‫احتمالية‬
perhaps It's probable he arrives early. ‫عـــــدم‬ Perhaps she phoned me.
probable He may arrive early. ‫تــأكـــد‬ She may have phoned me.
likely
might + ‫مصـدر‬ might have + pp
very not sure
very not certain He might be a teacher. ‫عـــــدم‬ He might have been a teacher.
it is possible It's possible he will come. ‫تــأكـــد‬ I don't think they went out.
I don't think so He might come. ‫مطـلـق‬ They might have gone out.
I don't believe
Can & can't
1
Could & Could have + pp
Could = am – is - are able to + inf

was - were able to ‫ أو‬could ‫ هــو‬can ‫ ماضـى‬
He could ride a bicycle when he was three.
Ali was not a very good boxer, but he was able to beat his rival.
.‫ للتعبيـر عـن أنـه أستطـاع فعـل الشئ ولكـن بصعـوبة‬was - were able to ‫تستخـدم‬ ‫ـ‬: ‫ الحـــظ‬
. ‫ تستخـدم فـى المضـارع والمستقبـل وبخاصـة فى حالـة االقتـراح والعـرض والطلـب أو طلـب اإلذن‬
What shall we do this afternoon ? We could play football.
Could / Can I get you a glass of mango juice ? Thank you..
Could / Can I open the door, please ? Certainly.
Could / Can I go to the cinema with my friends ?
. ‫ أيضـا للتعبيـر عـن إمكـانيـة حـدوث الشـئ فـى المستقبـل‬could ‫ وتستخـدم‬
There could be an expedition on Mars soon . = It is possible that there will be.
Could have + pp . ‫ كـان مـن الممكـن أن تفعـل شيئـا فـى الماضـى ولكـنك لـم تفعـله‬
I didn’t visit my uncle Ali yesterday. I could have visited him, but I had a lot of work to do.
Exercise
Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:
1-In the past, people can't find clean water, so there were a lot of diseases.
2-She's been trying to pass her driving test for six years and she's finally managed in passing it.
3-I don't see my neighbour any more. He must moved to a new house.
4-He can read or write. He is illiterate.
5-Excuse me, should you tell me the way to the station, please?
6-We could get into our car because our keys were locked inside.
7-We will keep out of oil in 20 years.
8-Almost any information you need shall be found on the internet.
9-He uses a stethoscope and wears a white coat. He can't be a doctor.
10-She can the ability to do her job very efficiently.
Choose the correct answer
1)He ………………. ill. He eats like a horse.
( must be – can't be – won't be – must have been )
2)He ………………. taken the early train. I'm really not sure.
( will have – must have - could have – need to have )
3)You ……………… take any pictures here. The sign over there says, "No Photographing."
( can – may not – should – can't )
4)She ………………. to explain things clearly.
( is capable – has the ability – can – could )
5)The rain …………………. have stopped by now. I'm not sure.
( might - must – shall – need )
6)Accidents …………………. happen if there are too many cars in city centers.
( shall – mustn't – can – could have )
7)I don't know where my bag is. I ………………… have left it on the train.
( might – can't – should – can )
8)Hesham didn't take his keys , he …………………… have seen them.
( must – can – can't – may )
9)I have just seen Ali at the club .He …………………….. be at home.
( must – can't – may – mustn't )
10)This is not Ayman's house .You …………………… be mistaken.
( can't – must – may – might )
11)He didn't wave back to me. He ………………… seen me.
( must have – can't have – may have – may have )
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12)They have just told him of his success . He …………………… be sad.
( may – might – must – can't )
13)I am not sure what my son is doing. he ………………… be watching TV .
( must – may – might – can't )
14)It is moving by itself. It …………………… be a rock.
15)You ………………. my mobile. I didn't mind at all.
( may use – must use – can't have used – could have used )
16)He is smiling , he …………………. be happy.
17)I don't know the reason for his sadness. He ……………… some bad news.
( must have heard – may have heard – could hear – can't have heard )
18)The man ………………… by the thief, I am sure.
( must have killed – must have been killed – might have killed – may have killed )
19)The criminal ………………… have escaped through that well-locked door.
(could – couldn't –must – may)
20)That restaurant ……………….. be very good , it is always full of people.
21)He …………………. because I was at home all day.
( must telephone – can't telephone – must have telephoned – can't have telephoned )
Test 7
1-Hesham offers to go the doctor's with you , but you can't take him on your own.
2-You don't have any sugar left. Explain why you are going to the supermarket.
3-You're at Hazem's house and you're late for home. He wants you to stay with him but you apologize.
4-A friend asks your opinion about a film director he likes. You don't agree with your friend.
1- A: Do you remember what happened? Place: ……………….
B: No, I just remember waking up in the road. Speaker A:………….
A: How do you fell now? Function :……………
B: Not too bad. Will I have to stay here tonight?
A: We are not sure yet. We will have to check you have no broken bones.
2- A: Excuse me. I need to find out about modern farming in Egypt Place: ……………….
for a university project. Speaker A:………….
B: All the information on agriculture is on the second floor. Function :……………
A: Thank you. Can I take any of the books out?
1- If you want to ask a question , you should ……………….. your hand.
a- rise b- raise c- cut d- wash
2- It was ………………… , we can't believe or accept it.
a- think b- thinkable c- unthinkable d- rethink
3- They ………………. their train so they had to wait.
a- lost b- missed c- took d- damaged
4- The Cairo Metro is the only underground railway …………….. in the Middle East.
a- method b- operation c- experiment d- system
5- People can …………… money by travelling on the underground.
a- steal b- save c- keep d- take
6- In the past, women ………………. do certain jobs.
a- can't b- will c- shall d- couldn't
7- ……………..I ask you a few questions, please?
a- Ought b- May c- Have d- Don't
8- There is plenty of food in the world. We ……………….. feed everyone.
1
a- can b- won't c- have d- should have
9- He ……………………. gone to the cinema, but he preferred to watch a film on TV.
a- could have b- may have c- needn't have d- won't have
10- He worked on his bike for a long time. Finally, he ………………… to mend it.
a- could b- able c- ability d- managed
11- A small dog had somehow ……………………. surviving the fire.
a- managed to b- succeeded in c- was able d- could
12- When I was younger I …………….. stay up all night and not get tired.
a- could b- can c- was able d- managed
13- …………… you buy me some stamps, please?
a- May b- Might c- Should d- Can
14- I …………….. find my keys this morning so I got into the house through the window.
a- shouldn't b- can't c- couldn't d- might not
15- He …………….. British. He speaks English fluently.
a- must be b- can't be c- won't be d- must have been
16- I have lost one of my gloves, I must ……………… it somewhere.
a- drop b- have dropped c- dropping d- drops
1-I am sure he might be an engineer.
2-He must has had an accident
3-He has a lot of money , he can't be rich.
4-The telephone rang , but I didn't hear it , I cant have been asleep.
5-It is possible , he must have taken the book.
6-I am sure, he must been intelligent.
Objects sometimes fall from space and hit the Earth. Although most asteroids burn up as soon as they reach
the Earth’s atmosphere, some cause big craters ‫ حفر‬or holes in the Earth’s surface. Scientists think that millions of
years ago dinosaurs died out when a gigantic ‫ ضخم‬asteroid hit the Earth, causing an enormous dust cloud. The dust
‫ غبار‬cloud prevented sunlight from reaching Earth so all the plants died. Animals which lived on plants soon died too
because they had nothing to eat. Then big meat-eating animals like dinosaurs started to suffer because the animals
they usually ate had disappeared. Dinosaurs were huge creatures and required a lot of food. Soon there weren’t
enough animals for them to eat and they became extinct. ‫منقرض‬
Asteroids are not the only things that fall from the sky. There have been reports throughout history of showers
of dish, frogs and even sheep. The Greek writer Aeschylus was killed when a tortoise fell from the sky and hit him
on the head. Eagles like to eat tortoises, but they find it difficult to break their tough shells. They sometimes pick
them up, fly high into the sky and drop them on rocks so that the shells break and they can get at the tortoise inside.
Aeschylus was bald and a passing eagle mistook his head for a rock.
1.What happens when asteroids hit the Earth?
2.Why do eagles drop tortoises on rocks?
3.How do scientists think that an asteroid caused the extinction of the dinosaurs?
B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
4.The underlined pronoun “them” refers to…………………………………………..
a) tortoises b) eagles c) objects d) winds
5.A passing eagle thought Aeschylus’s head to be…………………………………
a) an asteroid b) a dinosaur c) a tortoise d) a rock
Every one has heard of Bill Gates , one of the richest and most successful people in the world. Microsoft , the
business he started with a friend in 1975 , has become the world's largest computer software company. At school
Bill soon showed that he was very intelligent, and especially good at Maths and Science, His parents decided to
send him to Lakeside , the private school where he first began to use computers. 13-year-old Bill and his school
friend Paul Alien were soon spending all their time writing programs and learning about computers instead of doing
their schoolwork ! After finishing school in 1973 , Bill went to Harvard , America's most famous university .
The next year , he and Paul Alien wrote an operating program for the Altair , one of the world's first micro
computers. The two friends started Microsoft in 1975 . Since then , the company has continued to grow , producing
most of the world's leading PC software. One reason for his success is that Gates has always been very ambitious ,
and hardworking.
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When he does find time to relax , he likes puzzles , golf and reading about science . He has already given
huge amounts of money to charity and says that he plans to give away almost all of his wealth when he retires.
1.Why has Gates been so successful?
2.What does he do in his free time?
3.What does he plan to do with all his money?
B) Choose the right answer :-
4.After school Gates went to the most ………………. university in America.
a) unknown b)ordinary c) well known
5.Gates and his ………………. Paul Alien started Microsoft in 1975.
a) pen friend b) colleague c) classmate
D- The Novel
1.Where did the Chimu build their tombs ?
2.Why was Dr Hafez going to Quenco?
3.According to Amalia, Why did Leila come to work in Peru ?
“I know. We have the same problem in Egypt since the time of the
Pharaohs”
1.Who said this to whom ?
2.What was the problem he was talking about ?
3.How could that problem be solved ?
1.The Incas wouldn’t allow the Chimu kings to rule unless .......................…….
2.Leila was working with Dr Hafez before because .....................................…….
3.Robbers stole objects from Peru and ...............………………………………….
E- Writing
8) Write a letter to
your pen-friend Tony inviting him to visit Egypt during the summer holiday. Tell him that you
will show him the places of interest and ancient monuments . Your name is Ahmed and you live at
16, El Gehad street, Zeiton, Cairo.
F- Translation
The Great Wall of China was built according to the emperor's orders. It was built to protect
China from the raiders . It is regarded as the longest graveyard in history.
.‫ تملك مصر الكثير من اآلثار التاريخية العظيمة التي يأتي إليها السياح من كل أنحاء العالم لزيارتها واالستمتاع برؤيتها‬
.‫ يعتبر إنقاذ معابد أبو سمبل عمل هندسي عظيم‬
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Unit 8 3rd Dr Jeckyll and Mr. Hyde 1st Hello English
Vocabulary
present ‫ حاضر‬- ‫هدية‬ evil ‫الشر‬ host ‫مضيف‬

presenter ‫مقدم برنامج‬ conflict ‫صراع‬ visitor ‫زائر‬
knock ‫يطرق‬ colleagues ‫زميل‬ frustrated ‫محبط‬
complain ‫يشكو‬ disapprove of ‫ال يوافق‬ frustration ‫إحباط‬
campaign ‫حملة‬ secret ‫سرى‬ kidnappers ‫مختطفون‬
bestseller ‫الأكثر مبيعا‬ character ‫شخصية‬ isle ‫جزيرة‬
author ‫مؤلف‬ his ‫مظهرة‬ autobiography ‫سيرة بواسطة الكاتب‬
health ‫الصحة‬ .appearance
,frightening ‫مخيف‬ temporary ‫مؤقت‬
cure ‫العالج‬ violent ‫عنيف‬ temporarily ‫بطريقة مؤقتة‬
recuperation ‫النقاهة‬ violence ‫العنف‬ badly ‫بطريقة سيئة‬
engineering ‫الهندسة‬ personality ‫ذو شخصية‬ science ‫العلم‬
admit ‫يعترف‬ commits ‫يرتكب‬ supernatural ‫خارق للطبيعة‬
own up ‫يعترف‬ his will ‫وصيته‬ living things ‫الكائنات الحية‬
guest ‫ضيف‬ blackmailing ‫ابتزاز‬ good ‫الخير‬
hostess ‫مضيفة‬ present ‫يقدم‬ strife ‫يناضل‬
disappointed ‫خائب األمل ـ محبط‬ presentation ‫تقديم‬ fight ‫يقاتل‬
disappointmen ‫خيبة األمل‬ kick ‫يركل‬ struggle ‫يكافح‬
tkidnapped ‫مخطوف‬ complaint ‫شكوى‬ approve of ‫يوافق‬
island ‫جزيرة‬ camp ‫معسكر‬ mystery ‫سر غامض‬
biography ‫سيرة ذاتية‬ sale ‫اوكازيون‬- ‫مبيعات‬ personal ‫شخصى‬
permanently ‫بطريقة دائمة‬ playwright ‫كاتب مسرحى‬ appear ‫يظهر‬
permanent ‫دائم‬ healthy ‫صحى‬ freighted ‫خائف‬
respected ‫محترم‬ recuperate ‫يستشفى‬ eventually ‫أخيرا‬
scientist ‫عالم‬ post operation ‫فترة‬-‫ما بعد الجراحة‬ personnel ‫مدير شئون العاملين‬
research ‫بحث‬ literature ‫النقاهة‬
‫األدب‬ manager
character ‫شخصية‬
human nature ‫الطبيعة البشرية‬ confess ‫يعترف‬ comment ‫يعلق على‬
human beings ‫البشرية‬ deny ‫ينكر‬ well ‫بئر‬
humanity ‫البشرية‬ denial ‫إنكار‬ bribe ‫رشوة‬
Reading
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde takes place in London in the nineteenth century. Dr. Henry Jekyll, a respected
scientist, is doing research into human nature. He believes that human beings have a good and evil side and that
these sides are always in conflict. Dr. Jekyll’s colleagues disagree with his ideas and disapprove of his research.
So Dr. Jekyll starts doing secret experiments on himself to prove his ideas. He takes special medicine which
changes not only his character, but also his appearance. For a short time after he takes the medicine, he becomes
Mr. Hyde, an evil man who looks frightening, has a
violent personality and commits terrible crimes.
Later, friends think something strange is happening when Dr. Jekyll rewrites his will, leaving everything to Mr.
Hyde, a man they do not know. They worry more when the police start asking questions about Mr. Hyde. Who is
this stranger who is never seen at the same time as Dr. Jekyll? They think that Dr. Jekyll may be protecting Hyde
from the place, or that Hyde is blackmailing Dr. Jekyll.
Dr. Jekyll has now proved that human nature is both good and evil, but soon he starts to enjoy being Mr. Hyde. He
changes into Mr. Hyde more often and finds it more difficult to change back into Mr. Jekyll.
Eventually Dr. Jekyll changes into Mr. Hyde without taking any medicine and finds he cannot change back
again. This means that he cannot leave his house, because someone might see him and he might be arrested. The
story ends badly for “both” characters.
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Language Notes
present introduce offer

present ) ‫ يقدم ( شـئ ( ـ يهدى ( فعـل‬
We will present a cup to the winner.
present ) ‫( فعـل‬ )........ ‫ يقدم ( برنامج ـ مسلسل ـ فيلم‬
She used to present a programme about woman on TV.
present ) ‫ حاضـر ( صفـة‬
All students are present today.
present ) ‫ هدية ـ الحاضر ( اسـم‬
My father gave me a valuable present on my birthday.
introduce ( ‫ يقدم ( شخص آلخر‬
He introduced me to his friend Ahmed.
offer ( ‫ يقدم ( شـئ لشخص‬
He offered me 50,000 for the house.
knock
knock on = at ‫يطرق على‬
While I was sleeping, he knocked on the door.
knock off the price ‫يخفـض السعـر‬
Shopkeepers knock off the prices to sell a lot.
knock something off ‫يسـرق ـ يبعـد عن مسـار‬
Scientists can knock an asteroid off its course by setting off an explosion near it.
The assistant was busy, so the thief knocked off some jewellery and ran away.
foreigner stranger
foreigner ) ‫( شخـص من دولة أخـرى‬ ‫ أجنبـى‬
He isn't from Egypt, he is a foreigner.
foreign ) ‫ اللغات‬/ ‫ البضائع‬/ ‫ أجنبـى ( صفة لوصف البالد‬
Learning foreign languages is very important.
stranger ) ‫ غريـب ( شخـص ال أعرفـه‬
I'm a stranger here, I don't know where the post office is.
complain
complain to + ‫شخص‬ ‫ يشكو لـ‬
She complained to her father about her money.
complain about + ‫شـئ‬ ‫ يشكو من‬
He complained about his work.
complain of + ‫مـرض‬ ‫ يشكو من‬
He complained of headache.
complain that + ‫جمـلة كامـلة‬ ‫ يشكو من‬
He complained that he didn't get his salary.
good
good at ‫ جيد في‬
He is good at English.
good to ‫ طيب مع‬
He is good to his friends
good for ‫ مفيد ـ صالح لـ‬
Taking exercises is good for you.
1
respect respected respectable respectful
respect ‫ يحتـرم‬
You must respect your teachers.
respected ) ‫ محتـرم يحترمه الناس جميعا بسبب انجازاته ( عاقل‬
Zewail is a respected scientist.
respectable ) ‫ محتـرم لأن له شخصية و أسرة عريقة ( عاقل وغير عاقل‬
He is a respectable man. He wants a respectable job.
respectful ‫ محتـرم لآلخرين‬
He doesn't want to hurt their feeling , he is respectful.
quite fairly rather

quite – fairly + ‫صفـة حسنـة‬ ‫ إلى حد ما‬
He is quite ( fairly ) good at English.
rather + ‫صفـة غيـر حسنـة‬ ‫ إلى حد ما‬
He is rather bad at English.
agree accept
agree to + ( inf. - N ) ‫يوافق‬ 
He agreed to sign the papers. He agreed to our plan.
agree with someone ‫يتفق مع‬ 
I'm afraid I don't agree with you.
agree on ( something ) ‫مجموعة تتفق علي شيء‬ 
We agreed on a price for the car.
agree that ( sentence ) ‫يوافق‬ 
It was agreed that he was the thief.
accept ( invitation / apology / condolences / bribes ) ) ‫يقبــل ( دعوة ـ اعتذار ـ تعازي ـ رشوة‬ 
He didn't accept her apology.
biography autobiography
biography ‫ سيـرة ذاتيـة لشخـص يكتبهـا شخـص آخـر‬
Famous people have different biographies written about them.
autobiography ‫ سيـرة ذاتيـة لشخـص يكتبهـا الشخـص نفسـه‬
He published his autobiography last year.
temporary permanent
temporary ‫ مؤقت‬
He tries to find a temporary job during the summer holiday.
permanent ‫ دائم‬
Their stay is not temporary , it is permanent.
work job career profession

work ) ‫ عمـل ـ مكـان العمـل ( اسم ال يعـد‬
I have got a lot of work to do. Mr Ahmed leaves work at two o'clock.
job ( ‫ وظيفة ـ مهنـه ( اسم يعـد‬
He has got a job as a teacher. I have got a lot of jobs to do.
career ‫ مهنـه الحياة العملية للفـرد‬
He started his career five years ago.
profession ( ‫ مهنـه ( تحتـاج إلى مؤهـالت وتـدريـب‬
Teaching is a profession.
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Expressions
do experiments on ‫ يجري تجربة‬bestseller ُ ‫األكثر مبيعا‬
do research into ‫ يقوم ببحث في‬frightened of ‫خائف من‬
commit a crime ‫ يرتكب جريمة‬frightening ‫مخيف‬
protecting from ‫يحمى من‬
Exercise
1.my father gave me an expensive watch as ……………… on my birthday party.
( present – reward – award – a ward )
2.Her parents didn't …………. of her career choice and there were bitter arguments about it.
( prove - improve - approve – deprive )
3.The government should do something ……………. the poor people of remote villages.
( for - with - by – in )
4.Scientists can …………. asteroids off course by setting off an explosion near it.
( knock - lock - clock - flock)
5. My brother went on holiday to Aswan. Now he's decided to live there ……………….
( permanently- temporary – permanent – temperature )
6.I thought the test would be easy, but I must ………….. I'm finding it quite difficult.
( dot – admit – adopt – adapt )
7.Someone …………….. on our door late last night, but I didn't open it.
( kicked – looked – knocked – kite )
8.Doctors and nurses belong to the medical ………………….. .
( job - profession - career - mission )
9.All my friends come from very …………………. families.
( respectable – respected – respect – rescue )
10.My grandfather ……………….. at the moment after a long illness.
( treated- recuperated- acupunctured-cupped)
11.I'm reading the …………………. of William Shakespeare.
( autobiography – biography - story- life )
12.Ali wasn't badly injured in the accident, but his. ……………. took longer than we thought.
( recuperated – recuperation – operation – station )
13.I have worked in a lot of different places. Now I'd like a more …………… job.
( permanently – temporary – permanent – temperature )
14.You can find ………………… information about many writers on the internet.
(biographical – biography – geography – geographical )
15.When he said sorry, it was an, …………………… that he had been wrong.
( admit – confess – admission – permission )
16.I ……………….. people who are honest and work hard.
( respect – respectable – respected – respectful )
17.If you are a doctor, it's very important to behave ……………… towards your patients.
( profession – professionally – professional – careful )
18.The exam is ………………….. difficult.
( quite – rater – quiet – quit )
19.The shop knocked ……………….. prices during the sale.
( on – of – off – out )
20.All Egyptians were ……………… when Egypt lost the match in The Sudan.
( appointed – disappointed – appointment – disappointment )
21.He is not amateur , he is ------------------------
( profession – professional – lazy – professionally )
22.You should behave --------------------------
( professional – profession – professionals – professionally )
23.Your ------------------- are people working with you.
( relatives – enemies – neighbours – colleagues )
24.Conflict is a situation of disagreement or -------------------- between people.
( fighting – dancing – cooperation – respect )
25.People who ------------------- serious crimes should be sent to prison.
( come – see – watch – commit )
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26.When my brother started his new job , all his ----------------- were friendly.
( colleagues – teachers – nurses – classmates )
27.The story took --------------------- in Luxor.
( place – part – turns – off )
28.How about --------------- on a holiday ?
( go – goes – went – going )
29.Some people are against his ideas and disapprove -------------------- his research.
( in – at – with – of )
30.He suffers from illness and spent most of his time --------------------
( in bed – in the street – in the bathroom – singing )
31.He wrote his best works ------------------ Treasure Island , Kidnapped and Dr Jekyll .
( including – consisting – containing – appearing )
1-Sara has used to working late at the office.
2-She was the last student arrives at school.
3-The government gives private care to setting up new projects.
4-I look forward to see that play.
5-She allowed me using her computer.
6-I need to draw some money out of my discount.
7-The government is trying to contract more tourists to visit Egypt.
8-Many people in Egypt still wear conditional clothes.
9-He couldn't decide which one he liked good.
10-The information in this report is based on a spray completed by 2000 students.
The crowded Cairo shantytowns‫ عشوائيات‬are very dangerous to the Egyptian national security.
.‫ تعمل القراءة على النهوض بالطفل وتنمية مواهبه لكى يكون لديه القدرة على اإلبداع‬
1
Grammar
Direct & Indirect speech ‫المبـاـشر و غيـر المباشـر‬
‫الجمــلة الخبـريــة‬
‫ـ‬: ‫ عنـد تحـويـل جمـلة مـن مباشـر إلى غيـر مباشـر نتبع اآلتي‬
‫ـ‬: ‫األقـواس‬ ‫تغييرات خـارج‬ 
say say say to tell said said
Says says says to tells said to told
. ‫ أو بـدونهــا‬that ‫ تحــذف األقــواس ونـربــط بــ‬
. ‫كاآلتي‬ ‫يتغير الزمن داخل األقـواس إذا كان الفعـل خـارج األقـواس ماضي‬ 
‫مضــارع بسيـط‬ ‫ماضى بسيـط‬ must ‫االستنتاج‬ must have + pp
‫مضــارع مستمر‬ ‫ماضى مستمـر‬ must had to
‫مضـــارع تــام‬ ‫ماضى تـام‬ have to - has to had to
‫ماضـى بسيــط‬ ‫ماضى تـام‬ mustn't wasn't to
‫األفعال الناقصة‬ ‫ماضيهـا‬ needn't didn't have to
: ‫كاآلتي‬ ‫ الزمنية والمكانية‬e‫تحــول الظـروف‬ 

yesterday the day before (or) the previous day
tomorrow the next day (or) the ( following ) day
now then today that day
tonight that night ago, last before
next the following here there
this that these those
He said to me “I will travel to Port Said tomorrow”

He told me that he would travel to port said the next day.
She said to her brother, “I phoned you yesterday”
She told her brother that she had phoned him the day before.
Ahmed said to me, " I have won the prize last week."
Ahmed told me that he had won the prize the week before.
and added that ‫ والثانية نربطهـا بـ‬that ‫ـ إذا كـان داخـل األقـواس أكثـر مـن جمـلة نربـط األولـى بـ‬: ‫ الحــظ‬
She said “I didn’t attend the party. I must apologize.”

She said that she hadn't attended the party and added that she had to apologize.
‫الجمــلة األمــريـة‬
ordered – asked – told – advised ‫ـ‬: ‫إلى‬‫يتحـول فعــل القـول‬ 

) to + ‫( المصـدر‬ ‫في األمــر المثبـت نستخــدم‬ 
He said to his son “study hard.”
He advised his son to study hard.
) not to + ‫( المصـدر‬ ‫في األمــر المنفـى نستخـدم‬ 
He said to me “don’t waste your time.”
He advised ( told ) me not to waste my time.
He said tome " Open the door and don't close the window."
He ordered me to open the door and not to close the window.
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‫الجمــلة االستفهامية‬
‫ـ‬: ‫ عنـد تحـويـل جمـلة مـن مباشـر إلى غيـر مباشـر نتبع اآلتـى‬
asked – wondered - wanted to know ‫ـ‬: ‫ يتحــول فعــل القــول إلى‬
whether ‫ أو‬if ‫ الســؤال المبــدوء بفعــل مســاعـد أو ناقـص تحــذف األقــواس ونربــط بــ‬
do – does ‫ الســؤال المبـدوء بـأداة استفهـــام نربـــط بهــا كمــا هــى وتحــول الجمـله إلى خبـريـة وتحــذف‬
. ‫ ويصبــح الفعــل مـاضـى تــام‬did ‫ ويصبـح الفعـل ماضـى بسيــط وتحــذف‬
She said to me, “Do you speak English ?”

She asked me if I spoke English ?”
He said to me, “where did you spend your holiday last year ?"
He asked me where I had spent my holiday the year before.
Ahmed said to me, " How much money did you earn last week?"
Ahmed asked me how much money I had earned the week before.
Ola said, " What will you do tomorrow?"
Ola asked what I would do the next day.
Exclamation ‫التعـجـب‬
: ‫ مضـافـا ً إليـه بعـض العبـارات لتوضيـح المعنـى مثـل‬exclaimed ‫ يحـول فعـل القـول إلـى‬
with regret ‫ نـدم‬with admiration ‫ إعجـاب‬with sorrow ‫أسـف‬
with joy ‫ فـرح‬with surprise ‫غضـب‬
. ‫ للتعبيــر عـن األسـف‬Alas ‫ للتعبيــر عـن الفــرح و‬Hurrah ‫ نستخــدم‬
: ‫ تحـذف الكلمـة التـى تـدل علـى التعجـب عنـد التحـويـل مثـل‬
Hurrah – alas – oh – what – how.
The boy said, Hurrah! We have won the match ?
The boy exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
The merchant said, Alas! I have lost all my wealth.

The merchant exclaimed with sorrow that he had lost all his wealth.
‫مالحظـات عـامـة‬
.‫ال يتـم تغييـر ما بداخـل األقـواس فى هـذه الجمـل ألن ما بداخـل األقواس حقيقـة علميـة‬ 
”.Ali said to Ramy, “ The earth is round
.Al told Ramy that the earth is round
. ‫ألن فعـل القول مضـارع بسيـط‬ 
”.Rania says, “ I will travel to London
Rania says that she will travel to London
.‫ألن الحـدث قيـل فى الحـال أو قبـل فتـرة بسيطـة‬ 
”.He said just now, “ No one is allowed to leave
.He said just now that no one is allowed to leave
. wish / If only ‫ الحالـة الثانيـة أو الثالثـة وبعـد‬if ‫ألن الجمـل شرطيـة لــ‬ 
”.She said, “ If I had met him, I would have known the news
.She said that if she had met him, she would have known the news
”.He said, “ If I had the money, I would buy a car
.He said that if he had the money, he would buy a car
”.He said,” I wish I got the prize
.He said he wished he got the prize
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. ‫ فى جمـل العـرض‬
"? He said, “Can I help you
He offered to help me.
. ‫ فى جمــل التمني‬
".He said to me, “Have a nice holiday
She wished me a nice holiday.
. ‫ فى جمــل االتهــام‬
".He said to the servant, “You stole my wallet
He accused the servant of stealing his wallet.
. ‫ فى جمـل الاقتـراح‬
"He said, “Let’s swim
He suggested swimming. He suggested that they should swim.
. ‫ الوعــد‬
.His father said, “If you get high mark, I’ll buy you a bike
His father promised to buy him a bike if he got high marks.
. thanked ‫ فى جمـل الشكـر يحـول فعــل القــول إلى‬

".He said to me, "Thank you very much
He thanked me very much.
. agree ‫ تحــذف ويتحــول فعــل القــول إلى‬yes ‫ إذا جــاءت كلمـة‬
He said to me, "yes, I shall go with you."
He agreed to go with me.
refuse ‫ تحـذف ويتحــول فعــل القــول إلى‬no ‫ إذا جــاءت كلمـة‬
She said to me, "No, I won't obey your orders."
She refused to obey my orders.
. would like – would rather – had better ‫ ال تتغيـر بعـض التعبيـرات مثـل‬
I said to my friend, " Would you like to go with me to the cinema?"
I asked my friend if he would like to go to the cinema.
. there ‫ التى تتحـول إلى‬here ‫ إذا جـاء مــع‬go ‫إلى‬ come ‫ يتحــول الفعـل‬
He said to me, "come here."
He ordered me to go there.
‫ فى الجملة الثانية‬if ‫ إذا وجـد بالجمـلة سؤالين أحدهما بأداة استفهـام واآلخر بفعـل مساعد نستعمل أداة االستفهام كأداة ربط ونستعمـل‬
She said to me, "Where did you go yesterday ? Can you answer this question ?"
She asked me where I had gone the day before and if I could answer that question.
. said – told ‫ وقبل الجملـة الخبريـة‬asked ‫ إذا وجـد بالجملـة سؤال وجملـة خبريـة يوضـع قبل السؤال‬
He said, "You can solve your problems. Will you follow my advice?
He said that I could solve my problems and asked if I would follow his advice.
wasn't allowed to ‫ إلى‬couldn't ‫ تحــول‬
He said to me, "I couldn't interrupt my parents."
He said to me that he wasn't allowed to interrupt his parents.
: ‫ االفتراضية تحـول كاآلتي‬If ‫ إذا بـدأت الجمـلة داخـل األقـواس بــ‬
advise + ‫ مـفعـول‬+ to + ‫المصــدر مـن جــواب‬

‫الشــرط‬
He said, " If I were you, I would buy a car."
He advised me to buy a car.
. ‫ فى الماضي‬had to ‫ إلى‬must ‫ تحــول‬
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He said, " I must study hard."
He said that he had to study hard.
. ‫ إذا كـانـت تـدل على وجـوب دائـم‬must ‫ ال تتحـول‬
She said, "Children must obey their parents."
She said that children must obey their parents.
. ‫ فى المستقبــل‬would have to ‫ إلى‬must ‫ تحــول‬
He said, " I must go to Cairo tomorrow.
He said that he would have to go to Cairo tomorrow.
‫ـ‬: ‫ إذا كانـت الجمــلة داخـل األقـواس تعبـر عــن دعـوة تتحـول كاآلتي‬
+ ‫فـاعــل‬ offer ‫مفعــول‬ +
He said to me, "would you like to have a drink ?"

He offered me a drink. Or He asked me if I would like to have a drink.
Exercise
Find the mistake and correct it
1-She's going meet her sister in town.
2-I fixed the lake in the petrol tank.
3-How many time do I need to drive to the city centre?
4-Oil and gas are find under the ground.
5-Water is the solid form of ice .
6-Rafat EI-Hagan and Gamma's EI-Shaw wan were very famous Egyptian kings.
7-Hala asked that she would visit Aswan the next day.
8-Ghada told me that she is playing chess then.
9-The officer ordered his men if shoot fire on the enemy.
10-Ali wondered if Ahmed has done his homework the day before.
11-He asked Dina that he was writing a letter.
12-Ahmed told that the helicopter was flying high.
13-I asked her if could I use the new camera.
14-Farouk asked Osman why are you late.
15-The teacher said, " Where your books were , Hazim ?"
16-Karim told Nour if there was sugar in the cup.
17-I told the professor I didn't attend the following lecture.
18-They wanted to know that I play music.
19-He said just now that he will buy a new car next month.
20-She asked me where I am staying then.
1-Ali ………………. his son had bought a car the day before.
( wondered – said - said to – told )
2-Ola told me that she ………………… visit Tanta the following day.
( would – will – had – had )
3-The teacher told his students that The Nile ………………. in Egypt.
( ran - had run - will run – runs )
4-Aya ordered Maha …………….. make noise in the class.
( to – if – whether - not to )
5-Ahmed asked me ……………….. I had gone the day before.
( why – where – what – when )
6-Do you know where ………………. the previous day.
( Dina went - did Dina go - Dina had gone - had Dina gone )
7-The police ……………. people from the deadly spiders.
( told – warned – wondered – wandered )
8-I do not approve …………….. your opinion.
( of - in- off - at )
9-He asked me where I ………………. then.

( stay - did I stay - was staying - am I staying )
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10-………………. book was the one you were pointing at?
( Who - Whose - Where - How many)
11-The interviewer asked the professor ………………… he had worked.
( whether – unless – that – whatever )
12-I want know how …………………….. her.
( you helped - have you helped - do you help - had you helped )
13-Can you kindly tell me where ……………….. ?
( is the manager - the manager is - the manger was )
14-She asked me whether ………………… there before.
( I had been - I went – I go - had I been )
15-He said that he ………………… his friend the following day.
( will visit – would visit – is visiting – visited )
Test 8
1.You're doing a project on wildlife. Ask a friend of yours for more information.
2.You advise a friend of yours not to eat too much.
3.Salem believes that fresh fruit and vegetables are good for health. Express your opinion.
4.Reham eats food with too much salt in it.
1- A: Can I find a book about Robert Louis Stevenson? Place: ……………….
B: Of course it is on the shelf on the right corner.
A: Thank you Function :……………
2- A: Your tickets please. Place: ……………….

B: here you are . Speaker A:………….
B: Your seats are no 43 and 44 at the last row. Function :……………
A: When does the show start?
1.He suffers from many ---------------- problems .
a- healthier b- healthy c- health d- wealth
2.This story was a ---------------------- for two years.
a- absent b- bestseller c- bookseller d- fruit seller
3.----------------------- means to take something from someone for silence.
a- blackmail b- borrow c- lend d- laugh
4.The young boy was ---------------------- of the huge man.
a- frightening b- fright c- frightened d- bright
5.My uncle visited Aswan buy now he has decided to live there ----------------------
a- temporarily b- permanently c- by chance d- fantastically
6.Someone ------------------------ on our door last night , but I didn't open it.
a- broke b- knocked c- took d- booked
7.He left all his savings to his son in his -----------------
a- hand b- will c- memory d- fan
8.All my friends come from very --------------- families.
a- respectable b- evil c- devil d- unrespectable
9.The police made him -------------------- his crime.
a- confess b- say c- commit d- admit
10. He said that he ------ his friend the following day.
a- will visit b- would visit c- is visiting d- visited
11.He said that he ------------------ her playing the piano.
a- had seen b- has seen c- will see d- can see
12.I asked her if -------- use the new camera.

a- I could b- could I c- can I d- are I
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13.Farouk asked Osman why --------- late.
a- was he b- are you c- is he d- he was
14.The teacher said, " Where ------------- , Hazim ?"
a- your book is b- is your book c- the books are d-your books were
15.Samir --------- that the helicopter was flying high.
a- told b- said to c- asked d- said
16.Karim ------------Nour if there was sugar in the cup.
a- asked b- told c- said d- talked
1. He wrote his biography before he died.
2. He used to complain to pain in heart.
3. I asked him what was he doing.
4. She asked me weather I had watched the DVD.
5. He told that it was a busy day.
6. He says that he was taking his brother to the airport.
A student passed all his school examinations and then went to a college to continue his studies. There,
he enrolled in a course in geography. But after the first lecture, he didn’t attend any more lectures. The geography
lecturer noticed this student was always absent and that he had changed to another course, so he was very
surprised when he saw the boy’s name on the list of students who wanted to take the geography examination at
the end of the year.
The lecturer had prepared a difficult examination paper, which followed his lectures very closely, and he
was eager to see how this student answered the questions. He expected that his answers would be very bad, but
when he examined the answers, he found only one small mistake. So he sent for the student to question him.
When the student had come, the lecturer told him that he was curious to know how he was able to find only one
little mistake although the student came to the first lecture and he was absent from all the others.
To his great surprise, the student told him that he would not have made that mistake if he hadn’t been
confused by his first lecture.
A- Answer the following questions:
1. Why was the lecturer surprised when he saw the student’s name on the list?
2. What made the lecturer prepare a difficult examination?
3. Why had the student made a mistake in his examination paper?
B- Choose the correct answer:
4. The student mentioned in the passage must have been very ……………………. .
a) curious b) stupid c) clever d) impatient
5. The underlined words “the others” refer to ………………. .
a) the questions b) the lectures c) the students d) the professors
It is true that men have invented a lot of useful things; the alphabet, machines, rockets and so many other
things. But scientists and archaeologists now agree that women invented one very important thing which has
changed history. They invented agriculture. Before the invention of agriculture, men were hunters. They went out
every day. Sometimes they killed animals, sometimes animals killed them. Life was difficult and dangerous.
Women had to go out every day too. They collected roots, fruit and grass.
One day, more than 10,000 years ago, a woman dropped some grass seeds. She dropped them near her
home. They grew and the first wheat was born. The idea grew, too. Women planted roots and fruit trees. Then
they could stay at home and look after their children and their animals. Archaeologists think that women kept the
first domestic animals. Then their husbands did not have to go hunting for meat. They stayed at home. They built
villages and cities. Civilization began. Men began civilization after women had invented agriculture.
1. Who proved that women invented agriculture?
2. How did the early man get his food?
3. What was the first crop cultivated by women?
B. Choose the correct answer:

4. An archaeologist is a person who studies …………….
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a) animal life b) agriculture life c) geological life d) buried remains of ancient times
5. The underlined word “they” refers to …………..
a) women b) seeds c) men d) animals
D- The Novel
1-What did Pablo tell Leila about the Inca?
2-Why was Roman the first one to enter the tomb?
3-What made Incas send the Chimu King’s sons to Cuzco?
“Amalia will show you around the site and tell you what we have done.”
1-Who was the speaker?
2-What site was he talking about ?
3-Why was Amalia chosen to show Leila the site?
1-Roman was tied with a long rope when he got into the tomb so that …...………….
2-Before showing Leila around the site, Amila …………..……….
3-Peruvians allowed foreigners to excavate their ancient cities provided ……
E- Writing
8) Writing a letter:
Your uncle has promised to give you a large sum of money as a reward for passing an examination.
Write a letter thanking him and explaining how you propose to use the gift.
Your name is Amer and you live at 25, El Galaa street, Mansoura.
F- Translation
Dr. Jekyll has now proved that human nature is both good and evil, but soon he starts to enjoy
being Mr. Hyde. He changes into Mr. Hyde more often and finds it more difficult to change back into
Mr. Jekyll.
‫ هل تحب أن تعمل كعميل سري ؟‬
.ً ‫ يجب أن تحترم مشاعر اآلخرين وأن تكون متعاونا وصبورا‬
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Unit 9 3rd The Power of nature 1st Hello English
Vocabulary
power ‫قوة‬ cause ‫يسبب‬ look straight ‫ينظر مباشرة‬

powerful ‫قوى‬ common ‫عام‬ sunglasses ‫نظارة شمس‬
force ‫إرغام‬ northern ‫شمالى‬ sight ‫البصر ـ منظر ـ رؤية‬
strength ‫القوة‬ southern ‫جنوبى‬ protective ‫واقى‬
nature ‫الطبيعة‬ occur ‫يحدث‬ float ‫يطفو‬
natural ‫طبيعى‬ phenomenon ‫ظواهر‬ experts ‫خبراء‬
eclipse ‫الكسوف‬ earthquake ‫زلزال‬ drown ‫يغرق‬
solar eclipse ‫كسوف الشمس‬ erupt ‫ ينفجر‬- ‫يثور‬ violent ‫عنيف‬
lunar eclipse ‫خسوف القمر‬ economy ‫اقتصاد‬ beneath ‫تحت‬
clips ‫مشبك‬ giant ‫عمالق‬ flood ‫فيضان‬
permanently ‫بطريقة دائمة‬ ball ‫ حفلة راقصة‬- ‫كرة‬ sandstorm ‫عاصفة‬
predictions ‫تنبؤات‬ as far as ‫بقدر ما‬ tornado ‫زوبعة‬
weather ‫الطقس‬ surface ‫سطح األرض‬ heat waves ‫موجة حارة‬
forecast ‫يتنبأ بالطقس‬ degree ‫درجة مئوية‬ geothermal ‫حرارة باطن األرض‬
waves ‫أمواج‬ ultraviolet
centigraderays ‫أشعة فوق بنفسجية‬ energy
roughly ‫تقربيا‬
absorb ‫يمتص‬ infrared rays ‫أشعة تحت الحمراء‬ landscape ‫منظر طبيعى‬
harmful ‫ضار‬ absorbed in ‫تم امتصاصه‬ tides ‫المد و الجزر‬
floods ‫فيضانات‬ take in ‫يمتص‬ wind blow ‫تهب للرياح‬
wind rest ‫مستقر الرياح‬ inhale ‫يستنشق‬ rainfall ‫ممطر‬
skin ‫جلد‬ soak up ‫يمتص‬ storm chasers ‫متتبعو العواصف‬
damage ‫تلف ـ خسارة‬ geyser ‫نافورة ـ عين ماء‬ follow ‫يتبع‬
planet ‫كوكب‬ waves ‫أمواج‬ rivers ‫أنهار‬
clouds ‫سحب‬ distance ‫مسافة‬ freeze ‫يجمد‬
definitely ‫بالتأكيد‬ temperature ‫درجة حرارة‬ depend on ‫يعتمد على‬
area ‫منطقة‬ atmosphere ‫الغالف الجوى‬ period ‫فترة‬
explanation ‫تفسير‬ rays ‫أشعة‬ float ‫يطفو‬
electric storm ‫عاصفة كهربائية‬ surface ‫سطح‬ weather ‫الطقس‬
drought ‫الجفاف‬ safely ‫بأمان‬ forecast ‫النشرة الجوية‬
lightning ‫البرق‬ hole ‫فتحة ـ ثقب‬ recent years ‫السنوات األخيرة‬
thunder ‫الرعد‬ go rise ‫يرتفع‬ giant ‫عمالق‬
volcano ‫بركان‬ a clear night ‫ليلة صافية‬ experts ‫خبراء‬
earthquake ‫زلزال‬ ice age ‫العصر الجليدى‬ port ‫ميناء‬
Reading
Unusual weather
For most people, the word weather means that Sun, rain, wind or snow. If you live in southern Europe or
Africa, you know that temperatures are higher and there is less rain than if you live in northern Europe or Canada. It
is unusual for a weather forecast to surprise us. However, strange weather can occur all over the world. For
example, people have seen giant pieces of ice falling from the sky. And what would you think if you saw a ball of
light as big as a football on a plane, or floating through your home? Weather experts called these ball lightning.
Some storms are very unusual and may cause terrible damage. The English town of Dunwich was once an
important port, but in the fourteenth century, high waves and violent storms hit the area and most of the town
disappeared beneath the sea. The worst storm in Britain, in 1703, killed more than 8000 people. The worst flood in
history was in 1887 in China when the Yellow River flooded and killed around a million people.
Unusual weather is becoming more common, with very high or low temperatures and very heavy rainfall all
over the world. This causes serious droughts in some places and floods in others. However, this is not a modern
phenomenon: in Europe in the eighteenth century, there was a Little Ice Age when rivers like the River Thames in
England froze. What will happen to our weather in the future? No one really knows, but one day ‘unusual’ weather
may not be unusual anymore.
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Language Notes
How What
How + (adjective) ‫ يأتى بعدها الصفـة‬
How old is the tree?
What + ( noun ) ‫ يأتى بعدها االسم‬
What age is the tree?
any more no longer

any more ) ‫)يأتى الفعل معها فى النفى‬ ‫ لم يعد‬
He no longer smokes .
no longer ) ‫)يأتى الفعل معها فى اإلثبات‬ ‫ لم يعد‬
He doesn't smoke any more.
weather climate atmosphere

weather ‫ـ حالـة الجـو مـن مطـر و ريـاح و ثلـوج في فتـرة معينــة‬: ‫ الطـقس‬
What will the weather be like tomorrow ?
What was the weather like yesterday?
climate ‫ـ حالـة الطقـس في مكـان محـدد‬: ‫ المنـاخ‬
The climate of Egypt is fine all the year round.
atmosphere ‫ـ مـا يحيـط األرض أو المكـان‬: ‫ الغـالف الجـوي‬
Atmosphere is the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth.
sink drown
sink ) ‫ يغرق ـ يُغرق ( عادة للسفن و القوارب‬
The ship sank to the bottom of the ocean. The big blue whale sank the fishing boat.
sink ‫ يقل ـ ينخفض‬
The Egyptian pound has sunk to its lowest level against the dollar.
drown ) ‫ يغرق ( عادة لألشخاص‬
Two boys drowned while they were swimming.
sight sights
sight ‫ حاسة البصر‬
Taha Hussein lost his sight at a very early age.
sight ‫ رؤيـة ـ منظـر عابـر‬
I can't understand his sight. A man carrying a goat is a sight
sights ‫ معـالـم سيـاحيـة‬
Tourists come to Egypt to see our sights.
temporary permanent
temporary ‫ مؤقت‬
He tries to find a temporary job during the summer holiday.
permanent ‫ دائم‬
Their stay is not temporary , it is permanent.
soak in soak up
soak in ‫ ينقــــع‬
To get these stains out of you shirt, you have to soak it in hot water
soak up = absorb in ‫ يمتـــص ـ يشـــرب‬
Mother put a cloth on the floor to soak up water.
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afraid
afraid of (N or (v + ing) ‫ خائف من شئ‬
He is afraid of snakes. He is afraid of arriving late
afraid for (N) ‫ خائف على شخص‬
She is afraid for her children.
afraid to +( inf) ‫ خائف أن بعدها مصدر‬
He is afraid to swim in the rough sea.
afraid that + sentence ‫ خائف أن بعدها جملة كاملة‬
People are afraid that the light from the sun might go out.
once
once ‫ في وقت ما في الماضي ـ ذات مرة‬
Once, people were hunters. Their food came from animals.
once ‫ بمجرد أن‬
Once I get the news, I'll phone you.
once ‫ مرة واحدة‬
She visits her grandparents once every six months.
harbour port
harbour ( ‫ مرفـأ ( لرسـو السفن‬
The ship tried to reach the harbour in the storm.
port ) ‫ مدينـه مينـاء ( مدينـه تصـل إليهـا السفـن للشحـن والتفـريـغ‬
Alexandria is a big port in Egypt
weather
wind ‫ الريـاح‬
There was a strong wind yesterday.
rain ‫ المطـر‬
There is no rain in the desert.
drought ‫ الجفاف‬
All of Africans die of drought.
a storm ‫ عاصفـة‬
There is a storm outside. It's raining heavily and there is thunder and lightening.
a blizzard ‫ثلجيـة‬ ‫ عاصفـة‬
A blizzard is a severe snowstorm.
a hurricane ‫ إعصار‬
The hurricane caused destruction.
flood ‫ فيضان‬
The village was destroyed by the flood
Expressions
southern = in the south of ‫جنوب‬ cause / do damage ‫يسبب ضرر‬
solar eclipse ‫كشوف الشمس‬ storms hit ‫العواصف تضرب‬
lunar eclipse ‫خسوف القمر‬ with high temperatures ‫بدرجات حرارة عالية‬
get heat from ‫يحصل على حرارة من‬ with low temperatures ‫بدرجات حرارة منخفضة‬
get light from ‫يحصل على ضوء من‬ warn of / about ‫يحذر من‬
damage sight ‫يدمر البصر‬ absorbed in the atmosphere ‫يتم امتصاصها في الغالف‬
have problems with ‫عنده مشاكل‬ take in ‫الجوي‬
‫يمتص‬
1
Exercise
1- How can the powers of nature ………………… human beings?
( effect - reflect - affect – conflict )
2- Life on earth depends ……………….. heat and light from the sun.
( at - in - on - of (
3- The sun is made of ………………… rock.
( frozen - heat - hot – cold )
4- The ……………… between the sun and the earth is 50 million kilometers.
( distant - distance - far - long )
5- The temperature at the surface of the sun is 15 million …………………...
( degrees - meters - marks – targets )
6- The atmosphere ……………… most of the sun’s harmful rays.
( sends - transmits - absorbs - emits )
7- You can look at the sun safely if you are ………………… sunglasses.
( dressed - making - putting - wearing )
8- To ………. means to take in .
( absorb - harm - emit - transmit )
9- To be ……………. means causing damage.
( harmful - useful - vital - harmless )
10- …….………. is the ability to see.
( Site - Sight - View - Seat )
11- A / n ……… is a hole in the earth from which hot water can rise .
( spring - geyser - eclipse - volcano )
12- If it rains so hard that the soil cannot ………….. the water quickly enough there are floods.
( take - send - absorb - insert )
13- You cannot see…………. but they can still damage your skin.
( ultraviolet rays - infection - floods – droughts )
14- She does not need to wear glasses. There is nothing wrong with her…………………
( feeling - hearing - seeing - sight )
15- The singular noun is volcano. What is the …………… form?
( collective - number - group - plural )
16- The plural noun is glasses. What is the ……………… form?
( single - singular - solo - one )
17- What is ball lightning? It’s a ball of ……………. as big as a football which floats around.
( smoke - light - mud - rubber )
18- Where was the worst flood in ………………?
( history - historical - historian - historic )
19- For most people, the word …………….. means the sun, rain, wind or snow.
( whether - moisture - weather - humidity )
20- Weather ……………… call these balls ball lightning.
( experiences - experts - economists - experiments )
21- Some storms are very unusual and may cause …………… damage.
( wonderful - fantastic - terrible - terrific )
22- In the fourteenth century, high waves and violent storms…….. the English town of Dunwich.
( bit - hit - hid - heat )
23- Most of the town of Dunwich disappeared ……………. the sea.
( beside - above - beneath - over )
24- The worst …………….. in Britain, in 1703, killed more than 8000 people.
( stormy - storm - star - stream )
25- Unusual weather is becoming more common, with very high or low temperatures and very
heavy ………………. all over the world.
( rainfill - rainfell - rainfall - rainform )
26- Unusual weather causes serious ………………… in some places and floods in others.
( drafts - draughts - droughts – drags )
27- Unusual weather is not a modern …………………….
( atmosphere - fantasia - phenomenon - phantom )
28- One day unusual weather may not be unusual …………………… more.
( any - some - no - less )
1
29- People are not often surprised by weather ……………………...
( broadcast - forefathers - forecasts – paste )
30- ……………….. is the light you see during electric storm.
( Lightning – fog - thunder - mist )
31- A………………. is a long period without rain.
( drought - draught - doubt - draft )
32- Scientists are not sure what ……………. volcanoes to erupt.
( bans - prevents - causes - hesitates )
33- An eclipse of the sun is a strange natural …………………..
( phantom – phenomena - phenomenon – eruption )
34- When I was a child, I used to be afraid of storms. I covered my eyes so as not see the………..
( light - mist - fight - lightening )
35- Alexandria is in the …….. of Egypt.
((south - north - northern – southern )
36- Electric storms are common ………………… in our part of the country.
( occur - occurrence – occurred - occurs )
37- Dunwich was destroyed by high waves and ……………… storms.
( gentle - violent - cruel - weak )
38- Storms can cause ……………. .winds to destroy buildings all over the country.
( serious – strong - weak - mild )
39- …………….. winds destroyed buildings all over the country.
( Heavy – Strong - Weak - Mild )
40- Is unusual weather …………… a modern phenomenon?
( rare - only – per – scarce )
41- Why do you think unusual weather may not be unusual ………….. the future?
( on- at - in- with )
42- Here the wind is so strong that it can …………….. the trees up.
( left - lift - restart- lower )
43- Could you live in a place as …………….. as this?
( wind - windy - windfull – windless )
44- Storm chasers are people who find and …………… storms.
( escape- hunt - follow- rush )
45- What are the dangers of ………………. a storm?
( escaping - allowing - chasing – charging )
1-When I was a child. I used to dreamt of being a doctor.
2-In addition to he wrote the letter, he saw the film.
3-Because they played very well, they lost the match.
4-The people in our street are very neighbouring. They always help each other.
5-My uncle is a represent for an international oil company.
6-You should not ridiculous people who have different ideas from you.
7-Despite the weather was bad, we went out.
8-He didn't go out as his illness.
9-As well as he goes to the market, he visited some friends.
10-He was driving with one hand and waving with the another.
Governments are trying all the time to help local communities and local people to keep their
heritage. Ecotourism also calls for promotion of recycling and energy and water conservation. We
should greatly appreciate the natural beauty of nature.
. ‫ إذا أردت أن تنظر إلى كسوف الشمس يجب أن ترتدي نظارة خاصة حتى تحمى عينيك‬
1
Grammar
‫من قبل فى الوحـدة السادسـة‬ )) IF ‫سـبق شـرح قاعدة‬ 

Test 9
1.Ramy always feels tired. Give him advice.
2.You're asked about the weather today
3.Omar who feels unwell asks for advice about food. Suggest fruit.
4.You ask Hosam about the name of the book he is reading and its writer.
Place: ……………….
1- A) Where are you flying to sir? Speaker A:………….
B) To London. Speaker B:………….
A) May I see your ticket and passport, please? Function :……………
B) Here you are, sir.
Place: ……………….
2- A) Have you finished the work on my car? Speaker A:………….
B) I'm afraid not. We haven't got the parts yet. Speaker B:………….
Function :……………
A) Oh, that's a nuisance. When do you think it'll be ready?
1- What has been seen ……………..….. from the sky?
a- falling b-feeling c- felling d- filling
2- Dunwich was destroyed by……………..….. waves and violent storms.
a- long b- tall c- high d- short
3- Storms can ……………..….. at any time and in any place.
a- cause b- happen c- hesitate d- paste
4- It has not rained here for five months, It is the longest …..……. anyone can remember.
a- drought b- draught c- doubt d- draft
5- To ……………..….. means to make something appear.
a- cause b- destroy c- occur d- remove
6- Unusual weather is not a modern ……………..….. .
a- atmosphere b- fantasia c- phenomenon d- phantom
7- When there is an …………. of the sun, everything goes dark and the birds stop signing.
a- hurricane b- eclipse c- drought d- volcano
8- If the sun ……………..….. light and heat, there wouldn't be any life on earth.
a- wouldn’t give b- won’t give c- don’t give d- didn't give
9- If you ……………..….. a hat, your face won’t get burnt.
a- wore b- wear c- don’t wear d- didn’t wear
10- It is ……………..….. for a weather forecast to surprise us.
a- usual b- unusual c- ordinary d- common
11- If the Arctic glaciers ……………..….., the sea level will rise.
a- freeze b- melt c- smelt d- raise
12- If there ……………..….. clouds in the sky tonight, you will not be able to see the moon.
a- will be b- were c- are d- had been
13- ……………..….. is the light you see during electric storm.
a- Lightning b- Fog c- Thunder d- Mist
14- How do you think the wind …… the people who live in Port Martin?
a- effects b- reflects c- affects d- affectionate
15- Should he ………..……….. early , he will catch the bus.
a- comes b- come c- came d- had come
16- ……………..….. having enough money, I can buy a car.
a- Without b- for c- In case of d- should
1
1. Weather experts cell these balls ball lightning.
2. Some storms are very unusual and may pause terrible damage.
3. The English town of Dunwich was once an importance port.
4. If I discover a new planet, I would give it my mother's name.
5. If there was an eclipse of the sun in my country, I may definitely watch it.
6. If you looked at the sun, you'll damage your sight.
A tuk-tuk is a type of taxi with three wheels. The driver sits at the front and behind him is a seat for three
passengers. Sometimes four passengers can fit into the tuk-tuk, but it is very uncomfortable! They are called
tuk-tuks because of the funny sounds of their small engines. There are thousands of tuk-tuks in Bangkok, Thailand.
One tuk-tuk driver is Pom Sanniwat. Pom is 52 years old and has been driving his tuk-tuk for almost 25
years. Like many tuk-tuk drivers, Pom comes from the north of Thailand. Pom's village was very poor. There was no
work on the farms, so Pom came to Bangkok. He decided to become a tuk-tuk driver because it looked like fun.
Pom likes being a tuk-tuk driver because he can speak to many people every day. He can also earn over
$400 a month. Almost anyone can become a tuk-tuk driver. Tuk-tuks are very easy to drive. But driving a tuk-tuk
has its disadvantages, too. When Pom started driving his tuk-tuk, he often got lost. Pom also has a long day. He
works from 6 o'clock in the morning until 9 at night. There are many cars and buses in Bangkok, so there is a lot of
pollution. The pollution is bad for Pom's health.
1. Why does Pom like his job as a tuk-tuk driver?
2. Why is driving a tuk-tuk bad for Pom's health?
3. What do you think of the tuk-tuk as a means of transportation? Why?
4. -------------- passengers can sit comfortably in a tuk-tuk.
a) Three b) Four c) Five d) Six
5. Tuk-tuks are ------------ in Bangkok, Thailand.
a) rare b) banned c) available d) uncommon
6) Read the following passage then answer the questions below :
For most of us, the idea of soup which stops us getting ill, or crisps which relax us seems like something
from a science-fiction film. However, these food products known as "functional foods" may already be on your
supermarket's shelves.
In today's world, we all know that our diet affects our health. Therefore, food companies are taking
advantage of this fact. They have already started to use ingredients in their products which will offer extra health
benefits to their customers. For example, orange juice already contains vitamin C, but now you can buy orange
juice with added calcium to strengthen your bones and teeth.
Of course, there are people who believe that functional foods are a bad idea. They claim that products
such as these can be dangerous, as people may end up taking more vitamins than they need and may damage
their bodies as a result. Nevertheless, functional foods are becoming increasingly popular, and supporters feel
that it won't be long before there are foods which prevent cancer, protect eyesight and much more.
1. Why are some people against functional foods ?
2. What are the advantages of functional foods ?
3. Would you like your regular meals to include functional foods ? Why ?
B) Choose the correct answer:
4. Some food companies benefit from functional foods by…………….. .
a) offering extra health advantages to their customers. b) reducing vitamins in their products.
c) helping customers save more money. d) helping customers consume more food.
5. A suitable title for the passage can be:…………………….. .
a) "The Advantages of Functional Foods" b) "The Disadvantages of Functional Foods"
c) "Functional Foods in Science Fiction" d) "A New Type of Foods"
D- The Novel
1. Why did Amalia dislike Leila ?
2. What surprise did Leila have while she was sitting in the café ?
3. What did Leila ask Dr Hafez to come to the café ?
1
‫‪B) Read following quotation and answer the questions:‬‬
‫”‪“ I’ll have a word with her about that.‬‬
‫? ‪1. Who said this to whom‬‬
‫? ‪2. Who was he talking about‬‬
‫? ‪3. What would he talk with her about‬‬
‫‪C) Complete the following sentences :‬‬
‫‪1. Dr Hafez thought that Amalia ………………….…….‬‬
‫‪2. Leila asked Dr Hafez’s advice concerning ……….………………….‬‬
‫‪3. To carry out Dr Hafez’s advice concerning ……………...………….‬‬
‫‪E- Writing‬‬
‫‪8) Write a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about:‬‬
‫”‪“The Sun‬‬
‫‪Use the following guiding points:‬‬
‫‪ The importance of the sun for living things on Earth.‬‬
‫‪ Solar energy.‬‬
‫‪ How the sun can be dangerous.‬‬
‫‪It can’t be denied that nature is beautiful. When nature is angry, it becomes man’s enemy.‬‬
‫‪There are things such as volcanoes, earthquakes, floods and storms which cause great damage.‬‬
‫‪ ‬هل تعتقد أن الظواهر الطبيعية مثل العواصف والبراكين يمكن مواجهتها ؟‬
‫‪ ‬عرفـت مصـر دائمـا أنهـا منشـأ الحضـارة ويسعى المصريون فى السنوات األخيرة استعادة أمجادها السابقة‪.‬‬
‫‪1‬‬

Reach For The Stars: Vocabulary

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Unit 1 3rd Reach For The Stars 1st Hello English

arrive reach get to

souvenir memory memorial anniversary

invent discover explore

Everyone / everybody / someone / somebody / no one / nobody / person

everyday every day

plane glider shuttle rocket spaceship

destination location site

launch shoot erupt revolt

Future simple ‫المـستقبل البسيـط‬

‫ـ‬: ‫عليـــه‬ ‫الكلمــات الدالــة‬ 

Tomorrow I will visit my uncle. Next week she will go to Cairo.

‫ـ‬: ‫يلـى‬ ‫ للتعبيـر عمـا‬Will + inf ‫تستخــدم‬ 

am – is – are + going to + inf ‫ـ‬: ‫ تستخـدم للتعبيـر عمـا يلـى‬

2. A: I'd like a ticket to Alex, please. Place: ……………….

A) Answer the following Questions:

‫‪B) Translate into English:‬‬

‫‪Mr. Emad Elagamy‬‬

prisoner ‫ سجين‬discover ‫يكتشف‬ wealthy ‫غنى‬

kidnap hijack snatch imprison capture arrest

life a life the life

famous well-known distinguished eminent notorious infamous

Like look like alike unlike

twins couple double pair

occasion event accident incident

family / team / crew / staff ‫ يمكن أن تكون جمعا أو مفردا‬

classic classical classics

Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly:

Countable and uncountable nouns

Countable nouns ‫األسمـاء التى تعــد‬ 

‫ جمـع وليس لهـا مفـرد‬e‫األسمـاء اآلتيـة ال تعـد ودائمـا‬ 

a lot of – many – much – a few – few – a little - little

: ‫ ) في جملـة خبـريـه في الحـاالت اآلتية‬many - much ( ‫تـأتى‬ ‫ ملحوظـة‬

much ) so - very - as - too ( ‫ إذا سبقها‬much ‫ مـع‬

No . ‫ تأتـى فـى الجمـل المنفيـة عنـدمـا يكـون الفعـل مثبتـا‬

B) Translate into English:

liquid ‫ في شكل‬/ ‫سائل‬ push ‫ يضغط‬/ ‫يدفع‬ straight ‫ معتدل‬/ ‫مستقيم‬

power force energy

made in made of made from

spell spill split

run out run out of run on

use to use for

other than rather than

other another one of

keep + object + ( v + ing ) - adjective ‫ يحافظ على‬

‫ـ‬: ‫الكلمـات الدالـة عليـه‬

‫‪B) Translate into English:‬‬

pioneer ‫رائد‬ short stories ‫قصص قصيرة‬ power ‫قوة‬

win beat gain earn

habit custom tradition

award reward present a ward prize

publish spread prevail

disabled retarded backward

work job career profession

experience experiences experiment

Week second month year minute hour day

other than rather than otherwise

Past Tenses: Active & Passive

Past simple ‫الماضي البسيـط‬

yesterday ‫ أمس‬in the past ‫ في الماضي‬last + ‫زمنية مدة‬ ‫الماضي‬

Past Continuous e‫الماضي المستمـر‬

was – were + ( v + ing ) ‫ يتكـون مـن‬

‫ـ‬: ‫الكلمـات الـدالـة عليـه‬ 