ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT)

ORGANISATION OF ISLAMIC COOPERATION (OIC)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

COURSE: EEE 4306 (ELECTRICAL MACHINES – I LAB)

EXPERIMENT NO. 2
NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT: External or Loading Characteristics of DC Generator

OBJECTIVE:

When a dc generator is loaded its terminal voltage varies with load current. The
characteristic of the variation is different in different types of dc generators.

SEPARATELY-EXCITED GENERATOR:

With the increase in load current, voltage drop in the armature resistance increases
reducing the terminal voltage. Moreover, the demagnetizing effect of armature reaction
also increases with load current, weakening the magnetic field. Thus the terminal voltage
of a self-excited generator decreases with increase in load current.

SHUNT GENERATOR:

Like self-excited generator here also the terminal voltage decreases with increase in load
current because of the increment in voltage drop in the armature resistance and the
increment in demagnetizing effect of armature reaction. But the drop in the terminal
voltage here further reduces the field current generating less pole flux. So the decrease in
the terminal voltage will here be a bit more prominent.

SERIES GENERATOR:

For a dc shunt generator load current and field current are the same. So with the increase
in load current, pole flux will increase. Thus e.m.f generated increases and terminal
voltage also increases with load current. This continues until demagnetizing effect also
becomes excessive.

APPARATUS:

1. One dc voltmeter (0-300V)

2. One dc ammeter (0-5A)
3. Rheostat
4. Motor-generator set
 A A

0~240V Shunt G V
DC Field

Separately Excited DC generator

Shunt V
Field G

Self Excited DC Shunt generator

PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the dc generator for each type of its operation one after another
according to the diagram.
2. An induction motor, coupled to the dc generator should be supplied from ac
source. This will operate as the prime mover.
3. Vary the load resistance.
4. Note the change in terminal voltage, V with load current IL .
5. Tabulate your results as per the table shown.
6. Plot terminal voltage vs. load current for each type of operation.

IL (Amps) V(Volts)