MALVINO 69pages PDF

ELECTRONIC PRINCIPLES
6th Edition by ALBERT MALVINO

Chapter 1: Introduction
1. An ideal voltage source has 8. The Thevenin resistance is equal in value to

a. Zero internal resistance the
b. Infinite internal resistance a. Load resistance
c. A load-dependent voltage b. Half the load resistance
d. A load-dependent current c. Internal resistance of a Norton
circuit
2. A real voltage source has d. Open-load resistance
a. Zero internal resistance
b. Infinite internal resistance 9. To get the Thevenin voltage, you have to
c. A small internal resistance a. Short the load resistor
d. A large internal resistance b. Open the load resistor
c. Short the voltage source
3. If a load resistance is 1 kohm, a stiff voltage d. Open the voltage source
source has a resistance of
a. At least 10 ohm 10. To get the Norton current, you have to
b. Less than 10 ohm a. Short the load resistor
c. More than 100 kohm b. Open the load resistor
d. Less than 100 kohm c. Short the voltage source
d. Open the current source
4. An ideal current source has
a. Zero internal resistance 11. The Norton current is sometimes called
b. Infinite internal resistance the
c. A load-dependent voltage a. Shorted-load current
d. A load-dependent current b. Open-load current
c. Thevenin current
5. A real current source has d. Thevenin voltage
a. Zero internal resistance
b. Infinite internal resistance 12. A solder bridge
c. A small internal resistance a. may produce a short
d. A large internal resistance b. may cause an open
c. is useful in some circuits
6. If a load resistance is 1 kohm, a stiff d. always has high resistance
current source has a resistance of
a. At least 10 ohm 13. A cold-solder joint
b. Less than 10 ohm a. shows good soldering technique
c. More than 100 kohm b. usually produces an open
d. Less than 100 kohm c. is sometimes useful
d. always has low resistance
7. The Thevenin voltage is the same as the
a. Shorted-load voltage 14. An open resistor has
b. Open-load voltage a. Infinite current through it
c. Ideal source voltage b. Zero voltage across it
d. Norton voltage c. Infinite voltage across it
d. Zero current through it
Chapter 1: Introduction
15. A shorted resistor has 21. Norton’s theorem replaces a complicated

a. Infinite current through it circuit facing a load by an
b. Zero voltage across it a. Ideal voltage source and parallel
c. Infinite voltage across it resistor
d. Zero current through it b. Ideal current source and parallel
resistor
16. An ideal voltage source and an internal c. Ideal voltage source and series resistor
resistance is an example of the d. Ideal current source and series resistor
a. Ideal approximation
b. Second approximation 22. One way to short a device is
c. Higher approximation a. With a cold-solder joint
d. Exact model b. With a solder bridge
c. By disconnecting it
17. Treating a connecting wire as a conductor d. By opening it
with zero resistance is an example of the
a. Ideal approximation 23. Derivations are
b. Second approximation a. Discoveries
c. Higher approximation b. Inventions
d. Exact model c. Produced by mathematics
d. Always called theorems
18. The voltage out of an ideal voltage source
a. Is zero 24. Laws are proved by
b. Is constant a. Definition
c. Depends on the value of load resistance b. Experiment
d. Depends on the internal resistance c. Mathematics
d. Formulas
19. The current out of an ideal current source
a. Is zero 25. Definitions are
b. Is constant a. Man made
c. Depends on the value of load resistance b. Invented
d. Depends on the internal resistance c. Made up
d. All of the above
20. Thevenin’s theorem replaces a
complicated circuit facing a load by an
a. Ideal voltage source and parallel
resistor
b. Ideal current source and parallel
resistor
c. Ideal voltage source and series
resistor
d. Ideal current source and series resistor
Chapter 2: Semiconductors
1. The nucleus of a copper atom contains how 8. Silicon atoms combine into an orderly
many protons? pattern called a
a. 1 a. Covalent bond
b. 4 b. Crystal
c. 18 c. Semiconductor
d. 29 d. Valence orbit
2. The net charge of a neutral copper atom is 9. An intrinsic semiconductor has some holes
a. 0 in it at room temperature. What causes these
b. +1 holes?
c. -1 a. Doping
d. +4 b. Free electrons
c. Thermal energy
3. Assume the valence electron is removed d. Valence electrons
from a copper atom. The net charge of the
atom becomes 10. Each valence electron in an intrinsic
a. 0 semiconductor establishes a
b. + 1 a. Covalent bond
c. -1 b. Free electron
d. +4 c. Hole
d. Recombination
4. The valence electron of a copper atom
experiences what kind of attraction toward the 11. The merging of a free electron and a hole
nucleus? is called
a. None a. Covalent bonding
b. Weak b. Lifetime
c. Strong c. Recommendation
d. Impossible to say d. Then-nal energy
5. How many valence electrons does a silicon 12. At room temperature an intrinsic silicon
atom have? crystal acts approximately like
a. 0 a. A battery
b. 1 b. A conductor
c. 2 c. An insulator
d. 4 d. A piece of copper wire
6. Which is the most widely used 13. The amount of time between the creation
semiconductor? of a hole and its disappearance is called
a. Copper a. Doping
b. Germanium b. Lifetime
c. Silicon c. Recombination
d. None of the above d. Valence
7. How many protons does the nucleus of a 14. The valence electron of a conductor is also
silicon atom contain? called a
a. 4 a. Bound electron
b. 14 b. Free electron
c. 29 c. Nucleus
d. 32 d. Proton
15. A conductor has how many types of flow? 22. At room temperature an intrinsic
a. 1 semiconductor has
a. b, 2 a. A few free electrons and holes
b. 3 b. Many holes
c. 4 c. Many free electrons
d. No holes
16. A semiconductor has how many types of
flow? 23. The number of free electrons and holes in
a. 1 an intrinsic semiconductor increases when
b. 2 the temperature
c. 3 a. Decreases
d. 4 b. Increases
c. Stays the same
17. When a voltage is applied to a d. None of the above
semiconductor, holes will flow
a. Away from the negative potential 24. The flow of valence electrons to the left
b. Toward the positive potential means that holes are flowing to the
c. In the external circuit a. Left
d. None of the above b. Right
c. Either way
18. A conductor has how many holes? d. None of the above
a. Many
b. None 25. Holes act like
c. Only those produced by thermal energy a. Atoms
d. The same number as free electrons b. Crystals
c. Negative charges
19. In an intrinsic semiconductor, the number d. Positive charges
of free electrons
a. Equals the number of holes 26. Trivatent atoms have how many valence
b. Is greater than the number of holes electrons?
c. Is less than the number of holes a. 1
d. None of the above b. 3
c. 4
20. Absolute zero temperature equals d. 5
a. -273 degrees C
b. 0 degrees C 27. A donor atom has how many valence
c. 25 degrees C electrons?
d. 50 degrees C a. 1
b. 3
21. At absolute zero temperature an intrinsic c. 4
semiconductor has d. 5
a. A few free electrons
b. Many holes 28. If you wanted to produce a p-type
c. Many free electrons semiconductor, which of these would you
d. No holes or free electrons use?
a. Acceptor atoms
b. Donor atoms
c. Pentavalent impurity
d. Silicon
29. Holes are the minority carriers in which 35. Which of the following is approximately
type of semiconductor? equal to room temperature?
a. Extrinsic a. 0 degrees C
b. Intrinsic b. 25 degrees C
c. n-type c. 50 degrees C
d. p-type d. 75degrees C
30. How many free electrons does a p-type 36. How many electrons are there in the
semiconductor contain? valence orbit of a silicon atom within a
a. Many crystal?
b. None a. 1
c. Only those produced by thermal b. 4
energy c. 8
d. Same number as holes d. 14
31. Silver is the best conductor. How many 37. Positive ions are atoms that have
valence electrons do you think it has? a. Gained a proton
a. 1 b. Lost a proton
b. 4 c. Gained an electron
c. 18 d. Lost an electron
d. 29
38. Which of the following describes an n-type
32. Suppose an intrinsic semiconductor has 1 semiconductor?
billion free electrons at room temperature. If a. Neutral
the temperature changes to 75'C, how many b. Positively charged
holes are there? c. Negatively charged
a. Fewer than 1 billion d. Has many holes
b. 1 billion
c. More than 1 billion 39. A p-type semiconductor contains holes
d. Impossible to say and
a. Positive ions
33. An external voltage source is applied to a b. Negative ions
p-type semiconductor. If the left end of the c. Pentavalent atoms
crystal is positive, which way do the majority d. Donor atoms
carriers flow?
a. Left 40. Which of the following describes a p-type
b. Right semiconductor?
c. Neither a. Neutral
d. Impossible to say b. Positively charged
c. Negatively charged
34. Which of the following doesn't fit in the d. Has many free electrons
group?
a. Conductor 41. Which of the following cannot move?
b. Semiconductor a. Holes
c. Four valence electrons b. Free electrons
d. Crystal structure a. Ions
c. Majority carriers
42. What causes the depletion layer? 49. When the reverse voltage increases from 5
a. Doping to 10 V, the depletion layer
b. Recombination a. Becomes smaller
c. Barrier potential b. Becomes larger
d. Ions c. Is unaffected
d. Breaks down
43. What is the barrier potential of a silicon
diode at room temperature? 50. When a diode is forward-biased, the
a. 0.3 V recombination of free electrons and holes may
b. 0.7 V produce
a. c 1 V a. Heat
c. 2 mV per degree Celsius b. Light
c. Radiation
44. To produce a large forward current in a d. All of the above
silicon diode, the applied voltage must be
greater than
a. 0
b. 0.3 V
c. 0.7 V
d. 1 V
45. In a silicon diode the reverse current is

usually
a. Very small
b. Very large
c. Zero
d. In the breakdown region
46. Surface-leakage current is part of the

a. Forward current
b. Forward breakdown
c. Reverse current
d. Reverse breakdown
47. The voltage where avalanche occurs is

called the
a. Barrier potential
b. Depletion layer
c. Knee voltage
d. Breakdown voltage
48. Diffusion of free electrons across the

junction of an unbiased diode produces
a. Forward bias
b. Reverse bias
c. Breakdown
d. The depletion layer
Chapter 3: Diode Theory
1 . When the graph of current versus voltage 8. How much voltage is there across the
is a straight line, the device is referred to as second approximation of a silicon diode when
a. Active it is forward biased?
b. Linear a. 0
c. Nonlinear b. 0.3 V
d. Passive c. 0.7 V
d. 1 V
2. What kind of device is a resistor?
a. Unilateral 9. How much current is there through the
b. Linear second approximation of a silicon diode when
c. Nonlinear it is reverse biased?
d. Bipolar a. 0
b. 1 mA
3. What kind of a device is a diode? c. 300 mA
a. Bilateral d. None of the above
b. Linear
c. Nonlinear 10. How much forward diode voltage is there
d. Unipolar with the ideal-diode approximation?
a. 0
4. How is a nonconducting diode biased? b. 0.7 V
a. Forward c. More than 0.7 V
b. Inverse d. 1 V
c. Poorly
d. Reverse 11. The bulk resistance of a 1N4001 is
a. 0
5. When the diode current is large, the bias is b. 0.23 ohm
a. Forward c. 10 ohm
b. Inverse d. 1 kohm
c. Poor
d. Reverse 12. If the bulk resistance is zero, the graph
above the knee becomes
6. The knee voltage of a diode is a. Horizontal
approximately equal to the b. Vertical
a. Applied voltage c. Tilted at 450
b. Barrier potential d. None of the above
c. Breakdown voltage
d. Forward voltage 13. The ideal diode is usually adequate when
a. Troubleshooting
7. The reverse current consists of minority- b. Doing precise calculations
carrier current and c. The source voltage is low
a. Avalanche current d. The load resistance is low
b. Forward current
c. Surface-leakage current 14. The second approximation works well
d. Zener current when
a. Troubleshooting
b. Load resistance is high
c. Source voltage is high
d. All of the above
Chapter 3: Diode Theory
15. The only time you have to use the third 21. The load voltage measures zero in Fig. 3-
approximation is when 19. The trouble may be
a. Load resistance is low a. A shorted diode
b. Source voltage is high b. An open diode
c. Troubleshooting c. An open load resistor
d. None of the above d. Too much supply voltage
16. How much load current is there in Fig. 3-

19 (see your textbook) with the ideal diode?
a. 0
b. 14.3 mA
c. 15 mA
d. 50 mA

19 (see your textbook) with the second
approximation?
a. 0
b. 14.3 mA
c. 15 mA
d. 50 mA

19 with the third approximation?
a. 0
b. 14.3 mA
c. 15 mA
d. 50 mA
19. If the diode is open in Fig. 3-19, the load

voltage is
a. 0
b. 14.3 V
c. 20 V
d. -15 V
20. If the resistor is ungrounded in Fig. 3-19,

the voltage measured with a DMM between
the top of the resistor and ground is closest to
a. 0
b. 15 V
c. 20 V
d. -15 V
Chapter 4: Diode Circuits
1. If N1/N2 = 2, and the primary voltage is 7. If the line voltage is 115 V rms, a turns
120 V, what is the secondary voltage? ratio of 5: 1 means the rms secondary voltage
a. 0 V is closest to
b. 36 V a. 15 V
c. 60 V b. 23 V
d. 240 V c. 30 V
d. 35 V
2. In a step-down transformer, which is
larger? 8. What is the peak load voltage in a full-wave
a. Primary voltage rectifier if the secondary voltage is 20 V rms?
b. Secondary voltage a. 0 V
c. Neither b. 0.7 V
d. No answer possible c. 14.1 V
d. 28.3 V
3. A transformer has a turns ratio of 4: 1.
What is the peak secondary voltage if 115 V 9. We want a peak load voltage of 40 V out of
rms is applied to the primary winding? a bridge rectifier. What is the approximate
a. 40.7 V rms value of secondary voltage?
b. 64.6 V a. 0 V
c. 163 V b. 14.4 V
d. 650 V c. 28.3 V
d. 56.6 V
4. With a half-wave rectified voltage across the
load resistor, load current flows for what part 10. With a full-wave rectified voltage across
of a cycle? the load resistor, load current flows for what
a. 0 degrees part of a cycle?
b. 90 degrees a. 0 degrees
c. 180 degrees b. 90 degrees
d. 360 degrees c. 180 degrees
d. 360 degrees
5. Line voltage may be from 105 V rms to 125
rms in a half-wave rectifier. With a 5:1 step- 11. What is the peak load voltage out of a
down transformer, the maximum peak load bridge rectifier for a secondary voltage of 15 V
voltage is closest to rms? (Use second approximation.)
a. 21 V a. 9.2 V
b. 25 V b. 15 V
c. 29.6 V c. 19.8 V
d. 35.4 V d. 24.3 V
6. The voltage out of a bridge rectifier is a 12. If line frequency is 60 Hz, the output
a. Half-wave signal frequency of a half-wave rectifier is
b. Full-wave signal a. 30 Hz
c. Bridge-rectified signal b. 60 Hz
d. Sine wave c. 120 Hz
d. 240 Hz
Chapter 4: Diode Circuits
13. If line frequency is 60 Hz, the output 19. What is the PIV across each diode of a
frequency of a bridge rectifier is bridge rectifier with a secondary voltage of 20
a. 30 Hz V rms?
b. 60 Hz a. 14.1 V
c. 120 Hz b. 20 V
d. 240 Hz c. 28.3 V
d. 34 V
14. With the same secondary voltage and
filter, which has the most ripple? 20. If the secondary voltage increases in a
a. Half-wave rectifier bridge rectifier with a capacitor-input filter,
b. Full-wave rectifier the load voltage will
c. Bridge rectifier a. Decrease
d. Impossible to say b. Stay the same
c. Increase
15. With the same secondary voltage and d. None of these
filter, which produces the least load voltage?
a. Half-wave rectifier 21. If the filter capacitance is increased, the
b. Full-wave rectifier ripple will
c. Bridge rectifier a. Decrease
d. Impossible to say b. Stay the same
c. Increase
16. If the filtered load current is 10 mA, which d. None of these
of the following has a diode current of 10 mA?
a. Half-wave rectifier
b. Full-wave rectifier
c. Bridge rectifier
d. Impossible to say
17. If the load current is 5 mA and the filter

capacitance is 1000uF, what is the peak-to-
peak ripple out of a bridge rectifier?
a. 21.3 pV
b. 56.3 nV
c. 21.3 mV
d. 41.7 mV
18. The diodes in a bridge rectifier each have

a maximum dc current rating of 2 A. This
means the dc load current can have a
maximum value of
a. 1 A
b. 2 A
c. 4 A
d. 8 A
Chapter 5: Special-Purpose Diodes
1. What is true about the breakdown voltage 7. The load voltage is approximately constant
in a zener diode? when a zener diode is
a. It decreases when current increases. a. Forward-biased
b. It destroys the diode. b. Reverse-biased
c. It equals the current times the c. Operating in the breakdown region
resistance. d. Unbiased
d. It is approximately constant.
8. In a loaded zener regulator, which is the
2. Which of these is the best description of a largest current?
zener diode? a. Series current
a. It is a rectifier diode. b. Zener current
b. It is a constant-voltage device. c. Load current
c. It is a constant-cuffent device. d. None of these
d. It works in the forward region.
9. If the load resistance decreases in a zener
3. A zener diode regulator, the zener current
a. Is a battery a. Decreases
b. Has a constant voltage in the b. Stays the same
breakdown region c. Increases
c. Has a barrier potential of 1 V d. Equals the source voltage divided by
d. Is forward-biased the series resistance
4. The voltage across the zener resistance is 10. If the load resistance decreases in a zener
usually regulator, the series current
a. Small a. Decreases
b. Large b. Stays the same
c. Measured in volts c. Increases
d. Subtracted from the breakdown voltage d. Equals the source voltage divided by
the series resistance
5. If the series resistance decreases in an
unloaded zener regulator, the zener current 11. When the source voltage increases in a
a. Decreases zener regulator, which of these currents
b. Stays the same remains approximately constant?
c. Increases a. Series current
d. Equals the voltage divided by the b. Zener current
resistance c. Load current
d. Total current
6.In the second approximation, the total
voltage across the zener diode is the sum of- 12. If the zener diode in a zener regulator is
the breakdown voltage and the voltage across connected with the wrong polarity, the load
the voltage will be closest to
a. Source a. 0.7 V
b. Series resistor b. 10 V
c. Zener resistance c. 14 V
d. Zener diode d. 18 V
13. At high frequencies, ordinary diodes don't 20. If the depletion layer gets wider, the
work properly because of capacitance
a. Forward bias a. Decreases
b. Reverse bias b. Stays the same
c. Breakdown c. Increases
d. Charge storage d. Is variable
14. The capacitance of a varactor diode 21. When the reverse voltage increases, the
increases when the reverse voltage across it capacitance
a. Decreases a. Decreases
b. Increases b. Stays the same
c. Breaks down c. Increases
d. Stores charges d. Has more bandwidth
15. Breakdown does not destroy a zener diode 22. The varactor is usually
provided the zener current is less than the a. Forward-biased
a. Breakdown voltage b. Reverse-biased
b. Zener test current c. Unbiased
c. Maximum zener current rating d. Operated in the breakdown region
d. Banier potential
23. The device to use for rectifying a weak ac
16. To display the digit 8 in a seven-segment signal is a
indicator, a. Zener diode
a. C must be lighted b. Light-emitting diode
b. G must be off c. Varistor
c. F must be on d. Back diode
d. All segments must be on
24. Which of the following has a negative-
17. A photodiode is normally resistance region?
a. Forward-biased a. Tunnel diode
b. Reverse-biased b. Step-recovery diode
c. Neither forward- nor reverse-biased c. Schottky diode
d. Emitting light d. Optocoupler
18. When the light increases, the reverse 25. A blown-fuse indicator uses a
minority carrier current in a photodiode a. Zener diode
a. Decreases b. Constant-cuffent diode
b. Increases c. Light-emitting diode
c. Is unaffected d. Back diode
d. Reverses direction
26. To isolate an output circuit from an input
19. The device associated with voltage- circuit, which is the device to use?
controlled capacitance is a a. Back diode
a. Light-emitting diode b. Optocoupler
b. Photodiode c. Seven-segment indicator
c. Varactor diode d. Tunnel diode
d. Zener diode
27. The diode with a forward voltage drop of

approximately 0.25 V is the
a. Step-recovery diode
b. Schottky diode
c. Back diode
d. Constant-current diode
28. For typical operation, you need to use

reverse bias with a
a. Zener diode
b. Photodiode
c. Varactor
d. All of the above
Chapter 6: Bipolar Transistor
1. A transistor has how many doped regions? 8. The base of an npn transistor is thin and
a. 1 a. Heavily doped
b. 2 b. Lightly doped
c. 3 c. Metallic
d. 4 d. Doped by a pentavalent material
2. What is one important thing transistors do? 9. Most of the electrons in the base of an npn
a. Amplify weak signals transistor flow
b. Rectify line voltage a. Out of the base lead
a. C. Regulate voltage b. Into the collector
c. Emit light c. Into the emitter
d. Into the base supply
3. Who invented the first junction transistor?
a. Bell 10. Most of the electrons in the base of an npn
b. Faraday transistor do not recombine because they
c. Marconi a. Have a long lifetime
d. Schockley b. Have a negative charge
c. Must flow a long way through the base
4. In an npn transistor, the majority carriers d. Flow out of the base
in the base are
a. Free electrons 11. Most of the electrons that flow through the
b. Holes base will
c. Neither a. Flow into the collector
d. Both b. Flow out of the base lead
c. Recombine with base holes
5. The barrier potential across each silicon d. Recombine with collector holes
depletion layer is
a. 0 12. The current gain of a transistor is the
b. 0.3 V ratio of the
c. 0.7 V a. Collector current to emitter current
d. 1 V b. Collector current to base current
c. Base current to collector current
6. The emitter diode is usually d. Emitter current to collector current
a. Forward-biased
b. Reverse-biased 13. Increasing the collector supply voltage will
c. Nonconducting increase
d. Operating in the breakdown region a. Base current
b. Collector current
7. For normal operation of the transistor, the c. Emitter current
collector diode has to be d. None of the above
a. Forward-biased
b. Reverse-biased 14. The fact that only a few holes are in the
c. Nonconducting base region means the base is
d. Operating in the breakdown region a. Lightly doped
b. Heavily doped
c. Undoped
d. None of the above
15. In a normally biased npn transistor, the 21. The power dissipated by a transistor
electrons in the emitter have enough energy to approximately equals the collector current
overcome the barrier potential of the times
a. Base-emitter junction a. Base-emitter voltage
b. Base-collector junction b. Collector-emitter voltage
c. Collector-base junction c. Base supply voltage
d. Recombination path d. 0.7 V
16. When a free electron recombines with a 22. A small collector current with zero base
hole in the base region, the free electron current is caused by the leakage current of
becomes the
a. Another free electron a. Emitter diode
b. A valence electron b. Collector diode
c. A conduction-band electron c. Base diode
d. A majority carrier d. Transistor
17. What is the most important fact about the 23. A transistor acts like a diode and a
collector current? a. Voltage source
a. It is measured in milliamperes. b. Current source
b. It equals the base current divided by c. Resistance
the current gain. d. Power supply
c. It is small.
d. It approximately equals the emitter 24. If the base current is 100 mA and the
current. current gain is 30, the collector current is
a. 300 mA
18. If the current gain is 200 and the collector b. 3 A
current is 100 mA, the base current is c. 3.33 A
a. 0.5 mA d. 10 A
b. 2 mA
c. 2 A 25. The base-emitter voltage of an ideal
d. 20 A transistor is
a. 0
19. The base-emitter voltage is usually b. 0.3 V
a. Less than the base supply voltage c. 0.7 V
b. Equal to the base supply voltage d. 1 V
c. More than the base supply voltage
d. Cannot answer 26. If you recalculate the collector-emitter
voltage with the second approximation, the
20. The collector-emitter voltage is usually answer will usually be
a. Less than the collector supply a. Smaller than the ideal value
voltage a. b.. The same as the ideal value
b. Equal to the collector supply voltage b. Larger than the ideal value
c. More than the collector supply voltage c. Inaccurate
d. Cannot answer
27. In the active region, the collector current

is not changed significantly by
a. Base supply voltage
b. Base current
c. Current gain
d. Collector resistance
28. The base-emitter voltage of the second

approximation is
a. 0
b. 0.3 V
c. 0.7 V
d. 1 V
29. If the base resistor is open, what is the

collector cuffent?
a. 0
b. 1 mA
c. 2 mA
d. 10 mA
Chapter 7: Transistor Fundamentals
1. The current gain of a transistor is defined 7. Ignoring the bulk resistance of the collector
as the ratio of the collector current to the diode, the collector-emitter saturation voltage
a. Base current is
b. Emitter current a. 0
c. Supply current b. A few tenths of a volt
d. Collector current a. C. 1 V
c. Supply voltage
2. The graph of current gain versus collector-
current indicates that the current gain 8. Three different Q points are shown on a
a. Is constant load line. The upper Q point represents the
b. Varies slightly a. Minimum current gain
c. Varies significantly b. Intermediate current gain
d. Equals the collector current divided by c. Maximum current gain
the base current d. Cutoff point
3. When the collector current increases, what 9. If a transistor operates at the middle of the
does the current gain do? load line, an increase in the base resistance
a. Decreases will move the Q point
b. Stays the same a. Down
c. Increases b. Up
d. Any of the above c. Nowhere
d. Off the load line
4. As the temperature increases, the current
gain 10. If a transistor operates at the middle of
a. Decreases the load line, an increase in the current gain
b. Remains the same will move the Q point
c. Increases a. Down
d. Can be any of the above b. Up
c. Nowhere
5. When the base resistor decreases, the d. Off the load line
collector voltage will probably
a. Decrease 11. If the base supply voltage increases, the Q
b. Stay the same point moves
c. Increase a. Down
d. Do all of the above b. Up
c. Nowhere
6. If the base resistor is very small, the d. Off the load line
transistor will operate in the
a. Cutoff region 12. Suppose the base resistor is open. The Q
b. Active region point will be
c. Saturation region a. In the middle of the load line
d. Breakdown region b. At the upper end of the load line
c. At the lower end of the load line
d. Off the load line
13. If the base supply voltage is disconnected, 19. When there is no base current in a
the collector-emitter voltage will equal transistor switch, the output voltage from the
a. 0 V transistor is
b. 6 V a. Low
c. 10.5 V b. High
d. Collector supply voltage c. Unchanged
d. Unknown
14. If the base resistor is shorted, the
transistor will probably be 20. A circuit with a fixed emitter current is
a. Saturated called
b. In cutoff a. Base bias
c. Destroved b. Emitter bias
d. None of the above c. Transistor bias
d. Two-supply bias
15. If the collector resistor decreases to zero in
a base-biased circuit, the load line will 21. The first step in analyzing emitter-based
become circuits is to find the
a. Horizontal a. Base current
b. Vertical b. Emitter voltage
c. Useless c. Emitter current
d. Flat d. Collector current
16. The collector current is 10 mA. If the 22. If the current gain is unknown in an
current gain is 100, the base current is emitter-biased circuit, you cannot calculate
a. 1 microamp the
b. 10 microamp a. Emitter voltage
c. 100 microamp b. Emitter current
d. 1 mA c. Collector current
d. Base current
17. The base current is 50 microamp. If the
current gain is 125, the collector current is 23. If the emitter resistor is open, the collector
closest in value to voltage is
a. 40 microamp a. Low
b. 500 microamp b. High
c. 1 mA c. Unchanged
d. 6 mA d. Unkiiown
18. When the Q point moves along the load 24. If the collector resistor is open, the
line, the voltage increases when the collector collector voltage is
current a. Low
a. Decreases b. High
b. Stays the same c. Unchanged
c. Increases d. Unknown
d. Does none of the above
25. When the current gain increases from 50

to 300 in an emitter-biased circuit, the
collector current
a. Remains almost the same
b. Decreases by a factor of 6
c. Increases by a factor of 6
d. Is zero
26. If the emitter resistance decreases, the

collector voltage
a. Decreases
b. Stays the same
c. Increases
d. Breaks down the transistor
27. If the emitter resistance decreases, the

a. Q point moves up
b. Collector current decreases
c. Q point stays where it is
d. Current gain increases
Chapter 8: Transistor Biasing
1. For emitter bias, the voltage across the 8. VDB normally operates in the
emitter resistor is the same as the voltage a. Active region
between the emitter and the b. Cutoff region
a. Base c. Saturation region
b. Collector d. Breakdown region
c. Emitter
d. Ground 9. The collector voltage of a VDB circuit is not
sensitive to changes in the
2. For emitter bias, the voltage at the emitter a. Supply voltage
is 0.7 V less than the b. Emitter resistance
a. Base voltage c. Current gain
b. Emitter voltage d. Collector resistance
c. Collector voltage
d. Ground voltage 10. If the emitter resistance increases in a
VDB circuit, the collector voltage
3. With voltage-divider bias, the base voltage a. Decreases
is b. Stays the same
a. Less than the base supply voltage c. Increases
b. Equal to the base supply voltage d. Doubles
c. Greater than the base supply voltage
d. Greater than the collector supply 11. Base bias is associated with
voltage a. Amplifiers
b. Switching circuits
4. VDB is noted for its c. Stable Q point
a. Unstable collector voltage d. Fixed emitter current
b. Varying emitter current
c. Large base current 12. If the emitter resistance doubles in a VDB
d. Stable Q point circuit, the collector current will
a. Double
5. With VDB, an increase in emitter resistance b. Drop in half
will c. Remain the same
a. Decrease the emitter voltage d. Increase
b. Decrease the collector voltage
c. Increase the emitter voltage 13. If the collector resistance increases in a
d. Decrease the emitter current VDB circuit, the collector voltage will
a. Decrease
6. VDB has a stable Q point like b. Stay the same
a. Base bias c. Increase
b. Emitter bias d. Double
c. Collector-feedback bias
d. Emitter-feedback bias 14. The Q point of a VDB circuit is
a. Hypersensitive to changes in current
7. VDB needs gain
a. Only three resistors b. Somewhat sensitive to changes in
b. Only one supply current gain
c. Precision resistors c. Almost totally insensitive to changes
d. More resistors to work better in current gain
d. Greatly affected by temperature
changes
Chapter 8: Transistor Biasing
15. The base voltage of two-supply emitter 22. The majority carriers in the emitter of a
bias (TSEB) is pnp transistor are
a. 0.7 V a. Holes
b. Very large b. Free electrons
c. Near 0 V c. Trivalent atoms
d. 1.3 V d. Pentavalent atoms
16. If the emitter resistance doubles with 23. The current gain of a pnp transistor is
TSEB, the collector current will a. The negative of the npn current gain
a. Drop in half b. The collector current divided by the
b. Stay the same emitter current
c. Double c. Near zero
d. Increase d. The ratio of collector current to base
current
17. If a splash of solder shorts the collector
resistor of TSEB, the collector voltage will 24. Which is the largest current in a pnp
a. Drop to zero transistor?
b. Equal the collector supply voltage a. Base current
c. Stay the same b. Emitter current
d. Double c. Collector current
d. None of these
18. If the emitter resistance increases with
TSEB, the collector voltage will 25. The currents of a pnp transistor are
a. Decrease a. Usually smaller than npn currents
b. Stay the same b. Opposite npn currents
c. Increase c. Usually larger than npn currents
d. Equal the collector supply voltage d. Negative
19. If the emitter resistor opens with TSEB, 26. With pnp voltage-divider bias, you must
the collector voltage will use
a. Decrease a. Negative power supplies
b. Stay the same b. Positive power supplies
c. Increase slightly c. Resistors
d. Equal the collector supply voltage d. Grounds
20. In TSEB, the base current must be very

a. Small
b. Large
c. Unstable
d. Stable
21. The Q point of TSEB does not depend on

the
a. Emitter resistance
b. Collector resistance
c. Current gain
d. Emitter voltage
Chapter 9: AC Models
1. For dc, the current in a coupling circuit is 8. The ac equivalent circuit is derived from the
a. Zero original circuit by shorting all
b. Maximum a. Resistors
c. Minimum b. Capacitors
d. Average c. Inductors
d. Transistors
2. The current in a coupling circuit for high
frequencies is 9. When the ac base voltage is too large, the
a. Zero ac emitter current is
b. Maximum a. Sinusoidal
c. Minimum b. Constant
d. Average c. Distorted
d. Alternating
3. A coupling capacitor is
a. A dc short 10. In a CE amplifier with a large input
b. An ac open signal, the positive half cycle of the ac emitter
c. A dc open and an ac short current is
d. A dc short and an ac open a. Equal to the negative half cycle
b. Smaller than the negative half cycle
4. In a bypass circuit, the top of a capacitor is c. Larger than the negative half cycle
a. An open d. Equal to the negative half cycle
b. A short
c. An ac ground 11. Ac emitter resistance equals 25 mV
d. A mechanical ground divided by the
a. Quiescent base current
5. The capacitor that produces an ac ground b. DC emitter current
is called a c. AC emitter current
a. Bypass capacitor d. Change in collector current
b. Coupling capacitor
c. Dc open 12. To reduce the distortion in a CE amplifier,
d. Ac open reduce the
a. DC emitter current
6. The capacitors of a CE amplifier appear b. Base-emitter voltage
a. Open to ac c. Collector current
b. Shorted to dc d. AC base voltage
c. Open to supply voltage
d. Shorted to ac 13. If the ac voltage across the emitter diode
is 1 mV and the ac emitter current is 0.1 mA,
7. Reducing all dc sources to zero is one of the the ac resistance of the emitter diode is
steps in getting the a. 1 ohm
a. DC equivalent circuit b. 10 ohm
b. AC equivalent circuit c. 100 ohm
c. Complete amplifier circuit d. 1 kohm
d. Voltage-divider biased circuit
Chapter 9: AC Models
14. A graph of ac emitter current versus ac

base-emitter voltage applies to the
a. Transistor
b. Emitter diode
c. Collector diode
d. Power supply
15. The output voltage of a CE amplifier is

a. Amplified
b. Inverted
c. 180 degrees out of phase with the input
d. All of the above
16. The emitter of a CE amplifier has no ac

voltage because of the
a. DC voltage on it
b. Bypass capacitor
c. Coupling capacitor
d. Load resistor
17. The voltage across the load resistor of a

CE amplifier is
a. Dc and ac
b. DC only
c. AC only
d. Neither dc nor ac
18. The ac collector current is approximately

equal to the
a. AC base current
b. AC emitter current
c. AC source current
d. AC bypass current
19. The ac emitter current times the ac

emitter resistance equals the
a. Dc emitter voltage
b. AC base voltage
c. AC collector voltage
d. Supply voltage
20. The ac collector current equals the ac

base current times the
a. AC collector resistance
b. DC current gain
c. AC current gain
d. Generator voltage
Chapter 10: Voltage Amplifiers
1. The emitter is at ac ground in a 8. To reduce the distortion of an amplified

a. CB stage signal, you can increase the
b. CC stage a. Collector resistance
c. CE stage b. Emitter feedback resistance
d. None of these c. Generator resistance
d. Load resistance
2. The output voltage of a CE stage is usually
a. Constant 9. The emitter of a swamped amplifier
b. Dependent on re' a. Is grounded
c. Small b. Has no de voltage
d. Less the one c. Has an ac voltage
d. Has no ac voltage
3. The voltage gain equals the output voltage
divided by the 10. A swamped amplifier uses
a. Input voltage a. Base bias
b. AC emitter resistance b. Positive feedback
c. AC collector resistance c. Negative feedback
d. Generator voltage d. A grounded emitter
4. The input impedance of the base increases 11. In a swamped amplifier, the effects of the
when emitter diode become
a. Beta increases a. Important to voltage gain
b. Supply voltage increases b. Critical to input impedance
c. Beta decreases c. Significant to the analysis
d. AC collector resistance increases d. Unimportant
5. Voltage gain is directly proportional to 12. The feedback resistor

a. Beta a. Increases voltage gain
b. Ac emitter resistance b. Reduces distortion
c. DC collector voltage c. Decreases collector resistance
d. AC collector resistance d. Decreases input impedance
6. Compared to the ac resistance of the 13. The feedback resistor

emitter diode, the feedback resistance of a a. Stabilizes voltage gain
swamped amplifier should be b. Increases distortion
a. Small c. Increases collector resistance
b. Equal d. Decreases input impedance
c. Large
d. Zero 14. The ac collector resistance of the first
stage includes the
7. Compared to a CE stage, a swamped a. Load resistance
amplifier has an input impedance that is b. Input impedance of first stage
a. Smaller c. Emitter resistance of first stage
b. Equal d. Input impedance of second stage
c. Larger
d. Zero
Chapter 10: Voltage Amplifiers
15. If the emitter bypass capacitor opens, the 22. If the emitter resistor is open, the ac input
ac output voltage will voltage will
a. Decrease a. Decrease
b. Increase b. Increase
c. Remain the same c. Remain the same
d. Equal zero d. Equal zero
16. If the collector resistor is shorted, the ac 23. If the collector resistor is open, the ac
output voltage will input voltage will
d. Equal zero d. Equal approximately zero
17. If the load resistance is open, the ac 24. If the emitter bypass capacitor is shorted,
output voltage will the ac input voltage will
d. Equal zero d. Equal zero
18. If any capacitor is open, the ac output

voltage will
a. Decrease
b. Increase
c. Remain the same
d. Equal zero
19. If the input coupling capacitor is open, the

ac input voltage will
a. Decrease
b. Increase
c. Remain the same
d. Equal zero
20. If the bypass capacitor is open, the ac

input voltage will
a. Decrease
b. Increase
c. Remainthe same
d. Equal zero
21. If the output coupling capacitor is open,

the ac input voltage will
a. Decrease
b. Increase
c. Remain the same
d. Equal zero
Chapter 11: Power Amplifiers
1. For class B operation, the collector current 8. When the Q point is at the center of the ac
flows load line, the maximum peak-to-peak output
a. The whole cycle voltage equals
b. Half the cycle a. VCEQ
c. Less than half a cycle b. 2VCEQ
d. Less than a quarter of a cycle c. ICQ
d. 2ICQ
2. Transformer coupling is an example of
a. Direct coupling 9. Push-pull is almost always used with
b. AC coupling a. Class A
c. DC coupling b. Class B
d. Impedance coupling c. Class C
d. All of the above
3. An audio amplifier operates in the
frequency range of 10. One advantage of a class B push-pull
a. 0 to 20 Hz amplifier is
b. 20 Hz to 20 kHz a. Very small quiescent current drain
c. 20 to 200 kHz b. Maximum efficiency of 78.5 percent
d. Above 20 kHz c. Greater efficiency than class A
d. All of the above
4. A tuned RF amplifier is
a. Narrowband 11. Class C amplifiers are almost always
b. Wideband a. Transformer-coupled between stages
c. Direct coupled b. Operated at audio frequencies
d. Impedance coupled c. Tuned RF amplifiers
d. Wideband
5. The first stage of a preamp is
a. A tuned RF stage 12. The input signal of a class C amplifier
b. Large signal a. Is negatively clamped at the base
c. Small signal b. Is amplified and inverted
d. A dc amplifier c. Produces brief pulses of collector
current
6. For maximum peak-to-peak output voltage, d. All of the above
the Q point should be
a. Near saturation 13. The collector current of a class C amplifier
b. Near cutoff a. Is an amplified version of the input
c. At the center of the dc load line voltage
d. At the center of the ac load line b. Has harmonics
c. Is negatively clamped
7. An amplifier has two load lines because d. Flows for half a cycle
a. It has ac and dc collector resistances
b. It has two equivalent circuits 14. The bandwidth of a class C amplifier
c. DC acts one way and ac acts another decreases when the
d. All of the above a. Resonant frequency increases
b. Q increases
c. XL decreases
d. Load resistance decreases
15. The transistor dissipation in a class C 21. For a Q point near the center of the dc
amplifier decreases when the load line, clipping is more likely to occur on
a. Resonant frequency increases the
b. coil Q increases a. Positive peak of input voltage
c. Load resistance decreases b. Negative peak of output voltage
d. Capacitance increases c. Positive peak of output voltage
d. Negative peak of emitter voltage
16. The power rating of a transistor can be
increased by 22. In a class A amplifier, the collector current
a. Raising the temperature flows for
b. Using a heat sink a. Less than half the cycle
c. Using a derating curve b. Half the cycle
d. Operating with no input signal c. Less than the whole cycle
d. The entire cycle
17. The ac load line is the same as the dc load
line when the ac collector resistance equals 23. With class A, the output signal should be
the a. Unclipped
a. DC emitter resistance b. Clipped on positive voltage peak
b. AC emitter resistance c. Clipped on negative voltage peak
c. DC collector resistance d. Clipped on negative current peak
d. Supply voltage divided by collector
current 24. The instantaneous operating point swings-
along the
18. If RC = 3.6 kohm and RL = 10 kohm, the a. AC load line
ac load resistance equals b. DC load line
a. 10 kohm c. Both load lines
b. 2.65 kohm d. Neither load line
c. I kohm
d. 3.6 kohm 25. The current drain of an amplifier is the
a. Total ac current from the generator
19. The quiescent collector current is the b. Total dc current from the supply
same as the c. Current gain from base to collector
a. DC collector current d. Current gain from collector to base
b. AC collector current
c. Total collector current 26. The power gain of an amplifier
d. Voltage-divider current a. Is the same as the voltage gain
b. Is smaller than the voltage gain
20. The ac load line usually c. Equals output power divided by
a. Equals the dc load line input power
b. Has less slope than the dc load line d. Equals load power
c. Is steeper than the dc load line
d. Is horizontal 27. Heat sinks reduce the
a. Transistor power
b. Ambient temperature
c. Junction temperature
d. Collector current
28. When the ambient temperature increases,

the maximum transistor power rating
a. Decreases
b. Increases
c. Remains the same
d. None of the above
29. If the load power is 3 mW and the dc

power is 150 mW, the efficiency is
a. 0
b. 2 percent
c. 3 percent
d. 20 percent
Chapter 12: Emitter Followers
1. An emitter follower has a voltage gain that 7. If Beta = 200 and re = 150 ohm, the input
is impedance of the base is approximately
a. Much less than one a. 30 kohm
b. Approximately equal to one b. 600 n
c. Greater than one c. 3 kohm
d. Zero d. 5 kohm
2. The total ac emitter resistance of an emitter 8. The input voltage to an emitter follower is
follower equals usually
a. re' a. Less than the generator voltage
b. re b. Equal to the generator voltage
c. re + re' c. Greater than the generator voltage
d. RE d. Equal to the supply voltage
3. The input impedance of the base of an 9. The ac emitter current is closest to

emitter follower is usually a. VG divided by re
a. Low b. vin divided by re'
b. High c. VG divided by re'
c. Shorted to ground d. vin divided by re
d. Open
10. The output voltage of an emitter follower is
4. The dc emitter current for class A emitter approximately
followers is a. 0
a. The same as the ac emitter current b. VG
b. VE divided by RE c. vin
c. Vc divided by Rc d. Vcc
d. The same as the load current
11. The ac load line of an emitter follower is
5. The ac base voltage of an emitter follower is usually
across the a. The same as the dc load line
a. Emitter diode b. More horizontal than the dc load line
b. DC emitter resistor c. Steeper than the dc load line
c. Load resistor d. Vertical
d. Emitter diode and external ac
emitter resistance 12. If the input voltage to an emitter follower
is too large, the output voltage will be
6. The output voltage of an emitter follower is a. Smaller
across the b. Larger
a. Emitter diode c. Equal
b. DC collector resistor d. Clipped
c. Load resistor
d. Emitter diode and external ac emitter 13. If the Q point is at the middle of the dc
resistance load line, clipping will first occur on the
a. Left voltage swing
b. Upward current swing
c. Positive half cycle of input
d. Negative half cycle of input
14. If an emitter follower has VCEQ = 5 V, ICQ 21. If the load resistor of Fig. 12-la in your
= 1 mA, and re = 1 kohm, the maximum peak- textbook is shorted, which of the following are
to-peak unclipped output is different from their normal values:
a. 1 V a. Only ac voltages
b. 2 V b. Only dc voltages
c. 5 V c. Both dc and ac voltages
d. 10 V d. Neither dc nor ac voltages
15. If the load resistance of an emitter 22. If R1 is open in an emitter follower, which
follower is very large, the external ac emitter of these is true?
resistance equals a. DC base voltage is Vcc
a. Generator resistance b. DC collector voltage is zero
b. Impedance of the base c. Output voltage is normal
c. DC emitter resistance d. DC base voltage is zero
d. DC collector resistance
23. Usually, the distortion in an emitter
16. If an emitter follower has re' = 10 ohm and follower is
re = 90 ohm, the voltage gain is approximately a. Very low
a. 0 b. Very high
b. 0.5 c. Large
c. 0.9 d. Not acceptable
d. 1
24. The distortion in an emitter follower is
17. A square wave out of an emitter follower a. Seldom low
implies b. Often high
a. No clipping c. Always low
b. Clipping at saturation d. High when clipping occurs
c. Clipping at cutoff
d. Clipping on both peaks 25. If a CE stage is direct coupled to an
emitter follower, how many coupling
18. A Darlington transistor has capacitors are there between the two stages?
a. A very low input impedance a. 0
b. Three transistors b. 1
c. A very high current gain c. 2
d. One VBE drop d. 3
19. The ac load line of the emitter follower is 26. A Darlington transistor has a Beta of
a. The same as the dc load line 8000. If RE = 1 kohm and RL = 100 ohm, the
b. Different from the dc load line input impedance of the base is closest to
c. Horizontal a. 8 kohm
d. Vertical b. 80 kohm
c. 800 kohm
20. If the generator voltage is 5 mV in an d. 8 Mohm
emitter follower, the output voltage across the
load is closest to
a. 5 mV
b. 150 mV
c. 0.25 V
d. 0.5 V
27. The transistors of a class B push-pull 34. The maximum efficiency of a class B
emitter follower are biased at or near push-pull amplifier is
a. Cutoff a. 25 percent
b. The center of the dc load line b. 50 percent
c. Saturation c. 78.5 percent
d. The center of the ac load line d. 100 percent
28. Thermal runaway is 35. The ac emitter resistance of an emitter

a. Good for transistors follower
b. Always desirable a. Equals the dc emitter resistance
c. Useful at times b. Is larger than the load resistance
d. Usually destructive c. Has no effect on MPP
d. Is usually less than the load
29. The ac resistance of compensating diodes resistance
a. Must be included
b. Is usually small enough to ignore
c. Compensates for temperature changes
d. Is very high
30. A small quiescent current is necessary

with a class B push-pull amplifier to avoid
a. Thermal runaway
b. Destroying the compensating diodes
c. Crossover distortion
d. Excessive current drain
31. The zener current in a zener follower is

a. Equal to the output current
b. Smaller than the output current
c. Larger than the output current
d. Prone to thermal runaway
32. In the two-transistor voltage regulator, the

output voltage
a. Is regulated
b. Has much smaller ripple than the input
voltage
c. Is larger than the zener voltage
d. All of the above
33. For a class B push-pull emitter follower to

work properly, the emitter diodes must
a. Be able to control the quiescent current
b. Have a power rating greater than the
output power
c. Have a voltage gain of I
d. Match the compensating diodes
Chapter 13: JFETs
1. A JFET 8. When the drain saturation current is less

a. Is a voltage-controlled device than IDSS, a JFET acts like a
b. Is a current-controlled device a. Bipolar transistor
c. Has a low input resistance b. Current source
d. Has a very large voltage gain c. Resistor
d. Battery
2. A unipolar transistor uses
a. Both free electrons and holes 9. RDS equals pinchoff voltage divided by the
b. Only free electrons a. Drain current
c. Only holes b. Gate current
d. Either one or the other, but not both c. Ideal drain current
d. Drain current for zero gate voltage
3. The input impedance of a JFET
a. Approaches zero 10. The transconductance curve is
b. Approaches one a. Linear
c. Approaches infinity b. Similar to the graph of a resistor
d. Is impossible to predict c. Nonlinear
d. Like a single drain curve
4. The gate controls
a. The width of the channel 11. The transconductance increases when the
b. The drain current drain current approaches
c. The proportional pinchoff voltage a. 0
d. All the above b. ID(sat)
c. IDSS
5. The gate-source diode of a JFET should be d. IS
a. Forward-biased
b. Reverse-biased 12. A CS amplifier has a voltage gain of
c. Either forward- or reverse-biased a. gmrd
d. None of the above b. gmrs
c. gmrs/(l + gmrs)
6. Compared to a bipolar transistor, the JFET d. gmrd/(l + gmrd)
has a much higher
a. Voltage gain 13. A source follower has a voltage gain of
b. Input resistance a. gmrd
c. Supply voltage b. gmrs
d. Current c. gmrs/(l + gmrs)
d. gmrd/(l + gmrd)
7. The pinchoff voltage has the same
magnitude as the 14. When the input signal is large, a source
a. Gate voltage follower has
b. Drain-source voltage a. A voltage gain of less than one
c. Gate-source voltage b. A small distortion
d. Gate-source cutoff voltage c. A high input resistance
d. All of these
Chapter 13: JFETs
15. The input signal used with a JFET analog 22. Self-bias produces
switch should be a. Positive feedback
a. Small b. Negative feedback
b. Large c. Forward feedback
c. A square wave d. Reverse feedback
d. Chopped
23. To get a negative gate-source voltage in a
16. A cascode amplifier has the advantage of self-biased JFET circuit, you must have a
a. Large voltage gain a. Voltage divider
b. Low input capacitance b. Source resistor
c. Low input impedance c. Ground
d. Higher gm d. Negative gate supply voltage
17. VHF stands for frequencies from 24. Transconductance is measured in

a. 300 kHz to 3 MHz a. Ohms
b. 3 to 30 MHz b. Amperes
c. 30 to 300 MHz c. Volts
d. 300 MHz to 3 GHz d. Mhos or Siemens
18. When a JFET is cut off, the depletion 25. Transconductance indicates how
layers are effectively the input voltage controls the
a. Far apart a. Voltage gain
b. Close together b. Input resistance
c. Touching c. Supply voltage
d. Conducting d. Output current
19. When the gate voltage becomes more

negative in an n-channel JFET, the channel
between the depletion layers
a. Shrinks
b. Expand
c. Conduct
d. Stop conducting
20. If a JFET has IDSS = 10 mA and VP = 2 V,

then RDS equals
a. 200 ohm
b. 400 ohm
c. 1 kohm
d. 5 kohm
21. The easiest way to bias a JFET in the

ohmic region is with
a. Voltage-divider bias
b. Self-bias
c. Gate bias
d. Source bias
Chapter 14: MOSFETs
1. Which of the following devices 8. CMOS stands for

revolutionized the computer industry? a. Common MOS
a. JFET b. Active-load switching
b. D-MOSFET c. p-channel and n-channel devices
c. E-MOSFET d. Complementary MOS
d. Power FET
9. VGS(on) is always
2. The voltage that turns on an EMOS device a. Less than VGS(th)
is the b. Equal to VDS(on)
a. Gate-source cutoff voltage c. Greater than VGS(th)
b. Pinchoff voltage d. Negative
c. Threshold voltage
d. Knee voltage 10. With active-load switching, the upper E-
MOSFET is a
3. Which of these may appear on the data a. Two-terminal device
sheet of an enhancement-mode MOSFET? b. Three-terminal device
a. VGS(th) c. Switch
b. ID(on) d. Small resistance
c. VGS(on)
d. All of the above 11. CMOS devices use
a. Bipolar transistors
4. The VGS(on) of an n-channel E-MOSFET is b. Complementary E-MOSFETs
a. Less than the threshold voltage c. Class A operation
b. Equal to the gate-source cutoff voltage d. DMOS devices
c. Greater than VDS(on)
d. Greater than VGS(th) 12. The main advantage of CMOS is its
a. High power rating
5. An ordinary resistor is an example of b. Small-signal operation
a. A three-terminal device c. Switching capability
b. An active load d. Low power consumption
c. A passive load
d. A switching device 13. Power FETs are
a. Integrated circuits
6. An E-MOSFET with its gate connected to its b. Small-signal devices
drain is an example of c. Used mostly with analog signals
a. A three-terminal device d. Used to switch large currents
b. An active load
c. A passive load 14. When the internal temperature increases
d. A switching device in a power FET, the
a. Threshold voltage increases
7. An E-MOSFET that operates at cutoff or in b. Gate current decreases
the ohmic region is an example of c. Drain current decreases
a. A current source d. Saturation current increases
b. An active load
c. A passive load
d. A switching device
Chapter 14: MOSFETs
15. Most small-signal E-MOSFETs are found

in
a. Heavy-current applications
b. Discrete circuits
c. Disk drives
d. Integrated circuits
16. Most power FETS are

a. Used in high-current applications
b. Digital computers
c. RF stages
d. Integrated circuits
17. An n-channel E-MOSFET conducts when

it has
a. VGS > VP
b. An n-type inversion layer
c. VDS > 0
d. Depletion layers
18. With CMOS, the upper MOSFET is

a. A passive load
b. An active load
c. Nonconducting
d. Complementary
19. The high output of a CMOS inverter is

a. VDD/2
b. VGS
c. VDS
d. VDD
20. The RDS(on) of a power FET

a. Is always large
b. Has a negative temperature coefficient
c. Has a positive temperature
coefficient
d. Is an active load
Chapter 15: Thyristors
1. A thyristor can be used as 8. A silicon controlled rectifier has

a. A resistor a. Two external leads
b. An amplifier b. Three external leads
c. A switch c. Four external leads
d. A power source d. Three doped regions
2. Positive feedback means the returning 9. A SCR is usually turned on by

signal a. Breakover
a. Opposes the original change b. A gate trigger
b. Aids the original change c. Breakdown
c. Is equivalent to negative feedback d. Holding current
d. Is amplified
10. SCRs are
3. A latch always uses a. Low-power devices
a. Transistors b. Four-layer diodes
b. Feedback c. High-current devices
c. Current d. Bidirectional
d. Positive feedback
11. The usual way to protect a load from
4. To turn on a four-layer diode, you need excessive supply voltage is with a
a. A positive trigger a. Crowbar
b. low-current drop out b. Zener diode
c. Breakover c. Four-layer diode
d. Reverse-bias triggering d. Thyristor
5. The minimum input current that can turn 12. An RC snubber protects an SCR against
on a thyristor is called the a. Supply overvoltages
a. Holding current b. False triggering
b. Trigger current c. Breakover
c. Breakover current d. Crowbarring
d. Low-current drop out
13. When a crowbar is used with a power
6. The only way to stop a four-layer diode that supply, the supply needs to have a fuse or
is conducting is by a. Adequate trigger current
a. A positive trigger b. Holding current
b. Low-current drop out c. Filtering
c. Breakover d. Current limiting
d. Reverse-bias triggering
14. The photo-SCR responds to
7. The minimum anode current that keeps a a. Current
thyristor turned on is called the b. Voltage
a. Holding current c. Humidity
b. Trigger current d. Light
c. Breakover current
d. Low-current drop out 15. The diac is a
a. Transistor
b. Unidirectional device
c. Three-layer device
d. Bidirectional device
Chapter 15: Thyristors
16. The triac is equivalent to 24. A latch is based on

a. A four-layer diode a. Negative feedback
b. Two diacs in parallel b. Positive feedback
c. A thyristor with a gate lead c. The four-layer diode
d. Two SCRs in parallel d. SCR action
17. The unijunction transistor acts as a

a. Four-layer diode
b. Diac
c. Triac
d. Latch
18. Any thyristor can be turned on with

a. Breakover
b. Forward-bias triggering
c. Low-current dropout
19. A Shockley diode is the same as a

a. four-layer diode
b. SCR
c. diac
d. triac
20. The trigger voltage of an SCR is closest to

a. 0
b. 0.7 V
c. 4 V
d. Breakover voltage
21. Any thyristor can be turned off with

a. Breakover
b. Forward-bias triggering
c. Low-current drop out
22. Exceeding the critical rate of rise produces

a. Excessive power dissipation
b. False triggering
c. Low-current drop out
23. A four-layer diode is sometimes called a

a. Unijunction transistor
b. Diac
c. pnpn diode
d. Switch
Chapter 16: Frequency Effects
1. Frequency response is a graph of voltage 8. If the voltage gain is 100, the decibel
gain versus voltage gain is
a. Frequency a. 6 dB
b. Power gain b. 20 dB
c. Input voltage c. 40 dB
d. Output voltage d. 60 dB
2. At low frequencies, the coupling capacitors 9. If the voltage gain is 2000, the decibel
produce a decrease in voltage gain is
a. Input resistance a. 40 dB
b. Voltage gain b. 46 dB
c. Generator resistance c. 66 dB
d. Generator voltage d. 86 dB
3. The stray-wiring capacitance has an effect 10. Two stages have decibel voltage gains of
on the 20 and 40 dB. The total ordinary voltage gain
a. Lower cutoff frequency is
b. Midband voltage gain a. a.1
c. Upper cutoff frequency b. 10
d. Input resistance c. 100
d. 1000
4. At the lower or upper cutoff frequency, the
voltage gain is 11. Two stages have voltage gains of 100 and
a. 0.35Amid 200. The total decibel voltage gain is
b. 0.5Amid a. 46 dB
c. 0.707Amid b. 66 dB
d. 0.995Amid c. 86 dB
d. 106 dB
5. If the power gain doubles, the decibel power
gain increases by 12. One frequency is 8 times another
a. A factor of 2 frequency. How many octaves apart are the
b. 3 dB two frequencies?
c. 6 dB a. 1
d. 10 dB b. 2
c. 3
6. If the voltage gain doubles, the decibel d. 4
voltage gain increases by
a. A factor of 2 13. If f = 1 MHz, and f2 = 10 Hz, the ratio f/f2
b. 3 dB represents how many decades?
c. 6 dB a. 2
d. 10 dB b. 3
c. 4
7. If the voltage gain is 10, the decibel voltage d. 5
gain is
a. 6 dB
b. 20 dB
c. 40 dB
d. 60 dB
14. Semilogarithmic paper means
a. One axis is linear, and the other is
logarithmic
b. One axis is linear, and the other is
semi-logarithmic
c. Both axes are semi-logarithmic
d. Neither axis is linear
15. If you want to improve the high-frequency

response of an amplifier, which of these would
you try?
a. Decrease the coupling capacitances.
b. Increase the emitter bypass
capacitance.
c. Shorten leads as much as possible.
d. Increase the generator resistance.
16. The voltage gain of an amplifier decreases

20 dB per decade above 20 kHz. If the
midband voltage gain is 86 dB, what is the
ordinary voltage gain at 20 MHz?
a. 20
b. 200
c. 2000
d. 20,000
Chapter 17: Differential Amplifiers
1. Monolithic ICs are 8. The voltage gain of a diff amp with a

a. Forms of discrete circuits differential output is equal to RC divided by
b. On a single chip a. re'
c. Combinations of thin-film and thick- b. re'/2
film circuits c. 2re'
d. Also called hybrid ICs d. RE
2. The op amp can amplify 9. The input impedance of a diff amp equals
a. AC signals only re' times
b. DC signals only a. 0
c. Both ac and dc signals b. RC
d. Neither ac nor dc signals c. RE
d. 2 times Beta
3. Components are soldered together in
a. Discrete circuits 10. A dc signal has a frequency of
b. Integrated circuits a. 0
c. SSI b. 60 Hz
d. Monolithic ICs c. 0 to over 1 MHz
d. 1 MHz
4. The tail current of a diff amp is
a. Half of either collector current 11. When the two input terminals of a diff
b. Equal to either collector current amp are grounded,
c. Two times either collector current a. The base currents are equal
d. Equal to the difference in base currents b. The collector currents are equal
c. An output error voltage usually
5. The node voltage at the top of the tail exists
resistor is closest to d. The ac output voltage is zero
a. Collector supply voltage
b. Zero 12. One source of output error voltage is
c. Emitter supply voltage a. Input bias current
d. Tail current times base resistance b. Difference in collector resistors
c. Tail current
6. The input offset current equals the d. Common-mode voltage gain
a. Difference between two base currents
b. Average of two base currents 13. A common-mode signal is applied to
c. Collector current divided by current a. The noninverting input
gain b. The inverting input
d. Difference between two base-emitter c. Both inputs
voltages d. Top of the tail resistor
7. The tail current equals the 14. The common-mode voltage gain is
a. Difference between two emitter currents a. Smaller than voltage gain
b. Sum of two emitter currents b. Equal to voltage gain
c. Collector current divided by current c. Greater than voltage gain
gain d. None of the above
d. Collector voltage divided by collector
resistance
Chapter 17: Differential Amplifiers
15. The input stage of an op amp is usually a 22. With both bases grounded, the only offset
a. Differential amplifier that produces an error is the
b. Class B push-pull amplifier a. Input offset current
c. CE amplifier b. Input bias current
d. Swamped amplifier c. Input offset voltage
d. Beta
16. The tail of a diff amp acts like a
a. Battery
b. Current source
c. Transistor
d. Diode
17. The common-mode voltage gain of a diff

amp is equal to RC divided by
a. re'
b. re'/2
c. 2re'
d. 2RE
18. When the two bases are grounded in a diff

amp, the voltage across each emitter diode is
a. Zero
b. 0.7 V
c. The same
d. High
19. The common-mode rejection ratio is

a. Very low
b. Often expressed in decibels
c. Equal to the voltage gain
d. Equal to the common-mode voltage
gain
20. The typical input stage of an op amp has a

a. Single-ended input and single-ended
output
b. Single-ended input and differential
output
c. Differential input and single-ended
output
d. Differential input and differential
output
21. The input offset current is usually

a. Less than the input bias current
b. Equal to zero
c. Less than the input offset voltage
d. Unimportant when a base resistor is
used
Chapter 18: Operational Amplifiers
1. What usually controls the open-loop cutoff 8. When the initial slope of a sine wave is
frequency of an op amp? greater than the slew rate,
a. Stray-wiring capacitance a. Distortion occurs
b. Base-emitter capacitance b. Linear operation occurs
c. Collector-base capacitance c. Voltage gain is maximum
d. Compensating capacitance d. The op amp works best
2. A compensating capacitor prevents 9. The power bandwidth increases when

a. Voltage gain a. Frequency decreases
b. Oscillations b. Peak value decreases
c. Input offset current c. Initial slope decreases
d. Power bandwidth d. Voltage gain increases
3. At the unity-gain frequency, the open-loop 10. A 741C uses

voltage gain is a. Discrete resistors
a. 1 b. Inductors
b. Amid c. Active-load resistors
c. Zero d. A large coupling capacitor
d. Very large
11. A 741C cannot work without
4. The cutoff frequency of an op amp equals a. Discrete resistors
the unity-gain frequency divided by b. Passive loading
a. the cutoff frequency c. Dc return paths on the two bases
b. Closed-loop voltage gain d. A small coupling capacitor
c. Unity
d. Common-mode voltage gain 12. The input impedance of a BIFET op amp is
a. Low
5. If the cutoff frequency is 15 Hz and the b. Medium
midband open-loop voltage gain is 1,000,000, c. High
the unity-gain frequency is d. Extremely high
a. 25 Hz
b. 1 MHz 13. An LF157A is a
c. 1.5 MHz a. Diff amp
d. 15 MHz b. Source follower
c. Bipolar op amp
6. If the unity-gain frequency is 5 MHz and d. BIFET op amp
the midband open-loop voltage gain is
200,000, the cutoff frequency is 14. If the two supply voltages are plus and
a. 25 Hz minus 15 V, the MPP value of an op amp is
b. 1 MHz closest to
c. 1.5 MHz a. 0
d. 15 MHz b. +15V
c. -15 V
7. The initial slope of a sine wave is directly d. 30 V
proportional to
a. Slew rate
b. Frequency
c. Voltage gain
d. Capacitance
15. The open-loop cutoff frequency of a 741C 22. An op amp has a voltage gain of 500,000.
is controlled by If the output voltage is 1 V, the input voltage
a. A coupling capacitor is
b. The output short circuit current a. 2 microvolts
c. The power bandwidth b. 5 mV
d. A compensating capacitor c. 10 mV
d. 1 V
16. The 741C has a unity-gain frequency of
a. 10 Hz 23. A 741C has supply voltages of plus and
b. 20 kHz minus 15 V. If the load resistance is large, the
c. 1 MHz MPP value is
d. 15 MHz a. 0
b. +15 V
17. The unity-gain frequency equals the c. 27 V
product of closed-loop voltage gain and the d. 30 V
a. Compensating capacitance
b. Tail current 24. Above the cutoff frequency, the voltage
c. Closed-loop cutoff frequency gain of a 741C decreases approximately
d. Load resistance a. 10 dB per decade
b. 20 dB per octave
18. If funity is 10 MHz and midband open- c. 10 dB per octave
loop voltage gain is 1,000,000, then the open- d. 20 dB per decade
loop cutoff frequency of the op amp is
a. 10 Hz 25. The voltage gain of an op amp is unity at
b. 20 Hz the
c. 50 Hz a. Cutoff frequency
d. 100 Hz b. Unity-gain frequency
c. Generator frequency
19. The initial slope of a sine wave increases d. Power bandwidth
when
a. Frequency decreases 26. When slew-rate distortion of a sine wave
b. Peak value increases occurs, the output
c. Cc increases a. Is larger
d. Slew rate decreases b. Appears triangular
c. Is normal
20. If the frequency is greater than the power d. Has no offset
bandwidth,
a. Slew-rate distortion occurs 27. A 741C has
b. A normal output signal occurs a. A voltage gain of 100,000
c. Output offset voltage increases b. An input impedance of 2 Mohm
d. Distortion may occur c. An output impedance of 75 ohm
d. All of the above
21. An op amp has an open base resistor. The
output voltage will be
a. Zero
b. Slightly different from zero
c. Maximum positive or negative
d. An amplified sine wave
28. The closed-loop voltage gain of an

inverting amplifier equals
a. The ratio of the input resistance to the
feedback resistance
b. The open-loop voltage gain
c. Feedback resistance divided by the
input resistance
d. The input resistance
29. The noninverting amplifier has a

a. Large closed-loop voltage gain
b. Small open-loop voltage gain
c. Large closed-loop input impedance
d. Large closed-loop output impedance
30. The voltage follower has a

a. Closed-loop voltage gain of unity
b. Small open-loop voltage gain
c. Closed-loop bandwidth of zero
d. Large closed-loop output impedance
31. Asumming amplifier can have

a. No more than two input signals
b. Two or more input signals
c. A closed-loop input impedance of
infinity
d. A small open-loop voltage gain
Chapter 19: Negative Feedback
1. With negative feedback, the returning 8. In a VCVS amplifier, any decrease in open-
signal loop voltage gain produces an increase in
a. Aids the input signal a. Output voltage
b. Opposes the input signal b. Error voltage
c. Is proportional to output current c. Feedback voltage
d. Is proportional to differential voltage d. Input voltage
gain
9. The open-loop voltage gain equals the
2. How many types of negative feedback are a. Gain with negative feedback
there? b. Differential voltage gain of the op
a. One amp
b. Two c. Gain when B is 1
c. Three d. Gain at funity
d. Four
10. The loop gain AOLB
3. A VCVS amplifier approximates an ideal a. Is usually much smaller than 1
a. Voltage amplifier b. Is usually much greater than 1
b. Current-to-voltage converter c. May not equal 1
c. Voltage-to-current converter d. Is between 0 and 1
d. Current amplifier
11. The closed-loop input impedance with an
4. The voltage between the input terminals of ICVS amplifier is
an ideal op amp is a. Usually larger than the open-loop input
a. Zero impedance
b. Very small b. Equal to the open-loop input
c. Very large impedance
d. Equal to the input voltage c. Sometimes less than the open-loop
impedance
5. When an op amp is not saturated, the d. Ideally zero
voltages at the noninverting and inverting
inputs are 12. With an ICVS amplifier, the circuit
a. Almost equal approximates an ideal
b. Much different a. Voltage amplifier
c. Equal to the output voltage b. Current-to-voltage converter
d. Equal to +15 V c. Voltage-to-current converter
d. Current amplifier
6. The feedback fraction B
a. Is always less than 1 13. Negative feedback reduces the
b. Is usually greater than 1 a. Feedback fraction
c. May equal 1 b. Distortion
d. May not equal 1 c. Input offset voltage
d. Loop gain
7. An ICVS amplifier has no output voltage. A
possible trouble is 14. A voltage follower has a voltage gain of
a. No negative supply voltage a. Much less than 1
b. Shorted feedback resistor b. 1
c. No feedback voltage c. More than 1
d. Open load resistor d. A
Chapter 19: Negative Feedback
15. The voltage between the input terminals of 22. For a given op amp, which of these is
a real op amp is constant?
a. Zero a. f2(OL)
b. Very small b. Feedback voltage
c. Very large c. ACL
d. Equal to the input voltage d. ACLf2(CL)
16. The transresistance of an amplifier is the 23. Negative feedback does not improve
ratio of its a. Stability of voltage gain
a. Output current to input voltage b. Nonlinear distortion in later stages
b. Input voltage to output current c. Output offset voltage
c. Output voltage to input voltage d. Power bandwidth
d. Output voltage to input current
24. An ICVS amplifier is saturated. A possible
17. Current cannot flow to ground through trouble is
a. A mechanical ground a. No supply voltages
b. An ac ground b. Open feedback resistor
c. A virtual ground c. No input voltage
d. An ordinary ground d. Open load resistor
18. In a current-to-voltage converter, the 25. A VCVS amplifier has no output voltage. A
input current flows possible trouble is
a. Through the input impedance of the op a. Shorted load resistor
amp b. Open feedback resistor
b. Through the feedback resistor c. Excessive input voltage
c. To ground d. Open load resistor
d. Through the load resistor
26. An ICIS amplifier is saturated. A possible
19. The input impedance of a current-to- trouble is
voltage converter is a. Shorted load resistor
a. Small b. R2 is open
b. Large c. No input voltage
c. Ideally zero d. Open load resistor
d. Ideally infinite
27. An ICVS amplifier has no output voltage.
20. The open-loop bandwidth equals A possible trouble is
a. funity a. No positive supply voltage
b. f2(OL) b. Open feedback resistor
c. funity/ACL c. No feedback voltage
d. fmax d. Shorted load resistor
21. The closed-loop bandwidth equals 28. The closed-loop input impedance in a
a. funity VCVS amplifier is
b. f2(OL) a. Usually larger than the open-loop
c. funity/ACL input impedance
d. fmax b. Equal to the open-loop input Z
c. Sometimes less than the open-loop
input impedance
d. Ideally zero
Chapter 20: Linear Op-Amp Circuits
1. In a linear op-amp circuit, the 8. In a differential amplifier, the CMRR is

a. Signals are always sine waves limited mostly by
b. Op amp does not go into saturation a. CMRR of the op amp
c. Input impedance is ideally infinite b. Gain-bandwidth product
d. Gain-bandwidth product is constant c. Supply voltages
d. Tolerance of resistors
2. In an ac amplifier using an op amp with
coupling and bypass capacitors, the output 9. The input signal for an instrumentation
offset voltage is amplifier usually comes from
a. Zero a. An inverting amplifier
b. Minimum b. A transducer
c. Maximum c. A differential amplifier
d. Unchanged d. A Wheatstone bridge
3. To use an op amp, you need at least 10. In the classic three op-amp
a. One supply voltage instrumentation amplifier, the differential
b. Two supply voltages voltage gain is usually produced by the
c. One coupling capacitor a. First stage
d. One bypass capacitor b. Second stage
c. Mismatched resistors
4. In a controlled current source with op d. Output op amp
amps, the circuit acts like a
a. Voltage amplifier 11. Guard driving reduces the
b. Current-to-voltage converter a. CMRR of an instrumentation amplifier
c. Voltage-to-current converter b. Leakage current in the shielded cable
d. Current amplifier c. Voltage gain of the first stage
d. Common-mode input voltage
5. An instrumentation amplifier has a high
a. Output impedance 12. In an averaging circuit, the input
b. Power gain resistances are
c. CMRR a. Equal to the feedback resistance
d. Supply voltage b. Less than the feedback resistance
c. Greater than the feedback resistance
6. A current booster on the output of an op d. Unequal to each other
amp will increase the short-circuit current by
a. ACL 13. A D/A converter is an application of the
b. Beta dc a. Adjustable bandwidth circuit
c. funity b. Noninverting amplifier
d. Av c. Voltage-to-current converter
d. Summing amplifier
7. Given a voltage reference of +2.5 V, we can
get a voltage reference of +15 V by using a 14. In a voltage-controlled current source,
a. Inverting amplifier a. A current booster is never used
b. Noninverting amplifier b. The load is always floated
c. Differential amplifier c. A stiff current source drives the load
d. Instrumentation amplifier d. The load current equals ISC
Chapter 20: Linear Op-Amp Circuits
15. The Howland current source produces a 22. An op amp with a rail-to-rail output
a. Unidirectional floating load current a. Has a current-boosted output
b. Bidirectional single-ended load b. Can swing all the way to either
current supply voltage
c. Unidirectional single-ended load c. Has a high output impedance
current d. Cannot be less than 0 V.
d. Bidirectional floating load current
23. When a JFET is used in an AGC circuit, it
16. The purpose of AGC is to acts like a
a. Increase the voltage gain when the a. Switch
input signal increases b. Voltage-controlled current source
b. Convert voltage to current c. Voltage-controlled resistance
c. Keep the output voltage almost d. Capacitance
constant
d. Reduce the CMRR of the circuit 24. If an op amp has only a positive supply
voltage, its output cannot
17. 1 ppm is equivalent to a. Be negative
a. 0.1% b. Be zero
b. 0.01% c. Equal the supply voltage
c. 0.001% d. Be ac coupled
d. 0.0001%
18. An input transducer converts

a. Voltage to current
b. Current to voltage
c. An electrical quantity to a nonelectrical
quantity
d. A nonelectrical quantity to an
electrical quantity
19. A thermistor converts

a. Light to resistance
b. Temperature to resistance
c. Voltage to sound
d. Current to voltage
20. When we trim a resistor, we are

a. Making a fine adjustment
b. Reducing its value
c. Increasing its value
d. Making a coarse adjustment
21. A D/A converter with four inputs has

a. Two outputs
b. Four outputs
c. Eight outputs
d. Sixteen outputs
Chapter 21: Active Filters
1. The region between the passband and the 8. The approximation that distorts digital
stopband is called the signals the least is the
a. Attenuation a. Butterworth
b. Center b. Chebyshev
c. Transition c. Elliptic
d. Ripple d. Bessel
2. The center frequency of a bandpass filter is 9. If a filter has six second-order stages and
always equal to one first-order stage, the order is
a. The bandwidth a. 2
b. Geometric average of the cutoff b. 6
frequencies c. 7
c. Bandwidth divided by Q d. 13
d. 3-dB frequency
10. If a Butterworth filter has 9 second-order
3. The Q of a narrowband filter is always stages, its rolloff rate is
a. small a. 20 dB per decade
b. equal to BW divided by f0 b. 40 dB per decade
c. less than 1 c. 180 dB per decade
d. greater than 1 d. 360 dB per decade
4. A bandstop filter is sometimes called a 11. If n = 10, the approximation with the
a. Snubber fastest rolloff in the transition region is
b. Phase shifter a. Butterworth
c. Notch filter b. Chebyshev
d. Time-delay circuit c. Inverse Chebyshev
d. Elliptic
5. The all-pass filter has
a. No passband 12. The elliptic approximation has a
b. One stopband a. Slow rolloff rate compared to the Cauer
c. the same gain at all frequencies b. Rippled stopband
d. a fast rolloff above cutoff c. Maximally-flat passband
d. Monotonic stopband
6. The approximation with a maximally-flat
passband is 13. Linear phase shift is equivalent to
a. Chebyshev a. Q = 0.707
b. Inverse Chebyshev b. Maximally-flat stopband
c. Elliptic c. Constant time delay
d. Bessel d. Rippled passband
7. The approximation with a rippled passband 14. The filter with the slowest rolloff rate is
is the
a. Butterworth a. Butterworth
b. Inverse Chebyshev b. Chebyshev
c. Elliptic c. Elliptic
d. Bessel d. Bessel
15. A first-order active-filter stage has 22. With Sallen-Key high-pass filters, the pole
a. One capacitor frequency must be
b. Two op amps a. Added to the K values
c. Three resistors b. Subtracted from the K values
d. a high Q c. Multiplied by the K values
d. Divided by the K values
16. A first-order stage cannot have a
a. Butterworth response 23. If BW increases, the
b. Chebyshev response a. Center frequency decreases
c. Maximally-flat passband b. Q decreases
d. Rolloff rate of 20 dB per decade c. Rolloff rate increases
d. Ripples appear in the stopband
17. Sallen-Key filters are also called
a. VCVS filters 24. When Q is greater than 1, a bandpass
b. MFB filters filter should be built with
c. Biquadratic filters a. Low-pass and high-pass stages
d. State-variable filters b. MFB stages
c. Notch stages
18. To build a 10th-order filter, we should d. All-pass stages
cascade
a. 10 first-stage stages 25. The all-pass filter is used when
b. 5 second-order stages a. High rolloff rates are needed
c. 3 third-order stages b. Phase shift is important
d. 2 fourth-order stages c. A maximally-flat passband is needed
d. A rippled stopband is important
19. To get a Butterworth response with an
8th-order filter, the stages need to have 26. A second-order all-pass filter can vary the
a. Equal Q's output phase from
b. Unequal center frequencies a. 90 degrees to -90 degrees
c. Inductors b. 0 degrees to -180 degrees
d. Staggered Q's c. 0 degrees to -360 degrees
d. 0 degrees to -720 degrees
20. To get a Chebyshev response with a 12th-
order filter, the stages need to have 27. The all-pass filter is sometimes called a
a. Equal Q's a. Tow-Thomas filter
b. Equal center frequencies b. Delay equalizer
c. Staggered bandwidths c. KHN filter
d. Staggered center frequencies and Q's d. State-variable filter
21. The Q of a Sallen-Key second-order stage 28. The biquadratic filter

depends on the a. Has low component sensitivity
a. Voltage gain b. Uses three or more op amps
b. Center frequency c. Is also called Tow-Thomas filter
c. Bandwidth d. All of the above
d. GBW of the op amp
29. The state-variable filter

a. Has a low-pass, high-pass, and
bandpass output
b. Is difficult to tune
c. Has high component sensitivity
d. Uses less than three op amps
30. If GBW is limited, the Q of the stage will

a. Remain the same
b. Double
c. Decrease
d. Increase
31. To correct for limited GBW, a designer

may use
a. A constant time delay
b. Predistortion
c. Linear phase shift
d. A rippled passband
Chapter 22: Nonlinear Op-Amp Circuits
1. In a nonlinear op-amp circuit, the 8. The output of a relaxation oscillator is a

a. Op amp never saturates a. Sine wave
b. Feedback loop is never opened b. Square wave
c. Output shape is the same as the input c. Ramp
shape d. Spike
d. Op amp may saturate
9. If AOL = 200,000, the closed-loop knee
2. To detect when the input is greater than a voltage of a silicon diode is
particular value, use a a. 1 uV
a. Comparator b. 3.5 uV
b. Clamper c. 7 uV
c. Limiter d. 14 uV
d. Relaxation oscillator
10. The input to a peak detector is a
3. The voltage out of a Schmitt trigger is triangular wave with a peak-to-peak value of 8
a. A low voltage V and an average value of 0. The output is
b. A high voltage a. 0
c. Either a low or a high voltage b. 4 V
d. A sine wave c. 8 V
d. 16 V
4. Hysteresis prevents false triggering
associated with 11. The input voltage to a positive limiter is a
a. A sinusoidal input triangular wave of 8 V pp and an average
b. Noise voltages value of 0. If the reference level is 2 V, the
c. Stray capacitances output is
d. Trip points a. 0
b. 2 Vpp
5. If the input is a rectangular pulse, the c. 6 Vpp
output of an integrator is a d. 8 Vpp
a. Sine wave
b. Square wave 12. The discharging time constant of a peak
c. Ramp detector is 10 ms. The lowest frequency you
d. Rectangular pulse should use is
a. a.10 Hz
6. When a large sine wave drives a Schmitt b. b.100 Hz
trigger, the output is a c. 1 kHz
a. Rectangular wave d. 10 kHz
b. Triangular wave
c. Rectified sine wave 13. A comparator with a trip point of zero is
d. Series of ramps sometimes called a
a. Threshold detector
7.If pulse width decreases and the period b. Zero-crossing detector
stays the same, the duty cycle c. Positive limit detector
a. Decreases d. Half-wave detector
b. Stays the same
c. Increases
d. Is zero
Chapter 22: Nonlinear Op-Amp Circuits
14. To work properly, many IC comparators 21. In an op-amp integrator, the current
need an external through the input resistor flows into the
a. Compensating capacitor a. Inverting input
b. Pullup resistor b. Noninverting input
c. Bypass circuit c. Bypass capacitor
d. Output stage d. Feedback capacitor
15. A Schmitt trigger uses 22. An active half-wave rectifier has a knee
a. Positive feedback voltage of
b. Negative feedback a. VK
c. Compensating capacitors b. 0.7 V
d. Pullup resistors c. More than 0.7 V
d. Much less than 0.7 V
16. A Schmitt trigger
a. Is a zero-crossing detector 23. In an active peak detector, the discharging
b. Has two trip points time constant is
c. Produces triangular output waves a. Much longer than the period
d. Is designed to trigger on noise voltage b. Much shorter than the period
c. Equal to the period
17. A relaxation oscillator depends on the d. The same as the charging time
charging of a capacitor through a constant
a. Resistor
b. Inductor 24. If the reference voltage is zero, the output
c. Capacitor of an active positive limiter is
d. Noninverting input a. Positive
b. Negative
18. A ramp of voltage c. Either positive or negative
a. Always increases d. A ramp
b. Is a rectangular pulse
c. Increases or decreases at a linear 25. The output of an active positive clamper is
rate a. Positive
d. Is produced by hysteresis b. Negative
c. Either positive or negative
19. The op-amp integrator uses d. A ramp
a. Inductors
b. The Miller effect 26. The positive clamper adds
c. Sinusoidal inputs a. A positive dc voltage to the input
d. Hysteresis b. A negative dc voltage to the input
c. An ac signal to the output
20. The trip point of a comparator is the input d. A trip point to the input
voltage that causes
a. The circuit to oscillate 27. A window comparator
b. Peak detection of the input signal a. Has only one usable threshold
c. The output to switch states b. Uses hysteresis to speed up response
d. Clamping to occur c. Clamps the input positively
d. Detects an input voltage between
two limits
Chapter 23: Oscillators
1 . An oscillator always needs an amplifier 8. Initially, the loop gain of a Wien-bridge

with oscillator is
a. Positive feedback a. 0
b. Negative feedback b. 1
c. Both types of feedback c. Low
d. An LC tank circuit d. High
2. The voltage that starts an oscillator is 9. A Wien bridge is sometimes called a

caused by a. Notch filter
a. Ripple from the power supply b. Twin-T oscillator
b. Noise voltage in resistors c. Phase shifter
c. The input signal from a generator d. Wheatstone bridge
d. Positive feedback
10. To vary the frequency of a Wien bridge,
3. The Wien-bridge oscillator is useful you can vary
a. At low frequencies a. One resistor
b. At high frequencies b. Two resistors
c. With LC tank circuits c. Three resistors
d. At small input signals d. One capacitor
4. A lag circuit has a phase angle that is 11. The phase-shift oscillator usually has
a. Between 0 and +90 degrees a. Two lead or lag circuits
b. Greater than 90 degrees b. Three lead or fag circuits
c. Between 0 and -90 degrees c. A lead-lag circuit
d. The same as the input voltage d. A twin-T filter
5. A coupling circuit is a 12. For oscillations to start in a circuit, the

a. Lag circuit loop gain must be greater than 1 when the
b. Lead circuit phase shift around the loop is
c. Lead-lag circuit a. 90 degrees
d. Resonant circuit b. 180 degrees
c. 270 degrees
6. A lead circuit has a phase angle that is d. 360 degrees
a. Between 0 and +90 degrees
b. Greater than 90 degrees 13. The most widely used LC oscillator is the
c. Between 0 and -90 degrees a. Armstrong
d. The same as the input voltage b. Clapp
c. Colpitts
7. A Wien-bridge oscillator uses d. Hartley
a. Positive feedback
b. Negative feedback 14. Heavy feedback in an LC oscillator
c. Both types of feedback a. Prevents the circuit from starting
d. An LC tank circuit b. Causes saturation and cutoff
c. Produces maximum output voltage
d. Means B is small
15. When Q decreases in a Colpitts oscillator, 22. The series and parallel resonant
the frequency of oscillation frequencies of a crystal are
a. Decreases a. Very close together
b. Remains the same b. Very far apart
c. Increases c. Equal
d. Becomes erratic d. Low frequencies
16. Link coupling refers to 23. The kind of oscillator found in an

a. Capacitive coupling electronic wristwatch is the
b. Transformer coupling a. Armstrong
c. Resistive coupling b. Clapp
d. Power coupling c. Colpitts
d. Quartz crystal
17. The Hartley oscillator uses
a. Negative feedback 24. A monostable 555 timer has the following
b. Two inductors number of stable states:
c. A tungsten lamp a. 0
d. A tickler coil b. 1
c. 2
18. To vary the frequency of an LC oscillator, d. 3
you can vary
a. One resistor 25. An astable 555 timer has the following
b. Two resistors number of stable states:
c. Three resistors a. 0
d. One capacitor b. 1
c. 2
19. Of the following, the one with the most d. 3
stable frequency is the
a. Armstrong 26. The pulse width out of a one-shot
b. Clapp multivibrator increases when the
c. Colpitts a. Supply voltage increases
d. Hartley b. Timing resistor decreases
c. UTP decreases
20. The material with the piezoelectric effect is d. Timing capacitance increases
a. Quartz
b. Rochelle salts 27. The output waveform of a 555 timer is
c. Tourmaline a. sinusoidal
d. All the above b. triangular
c. rectangular
21. Crystals have a very d. elliptical
a. Low Q
b. High Q 28. The quantity that remains constant in a
c. Small inductance pulse-width modulator is
d. Large resistance a. Pulse width
b. Period
c. Duty cycle
d. Space
29. The quantity that remains constant in a

pulse-position modulator is
a. Pulse width
b. Period
c. Duty cycle
d. Space
30. When a PLL is locked on the input

frequency, the VCO frequency
a. Is less than f0
b. Is greater than f0
c. Equals f0
d. Equals fin
31. The bandwidth of the low-pass filter in a

PLL determines the
a. Capture range
b. Lock range
c. Free-running frequency
d. Phase difference
Chapter 24: Regulated Power Amplifiers
1. Voltage regulators normally use 8. If the output of a voltage regulator varies

a. Negative feedback from 15 to 14.7 V between the minimum and
b. Positive feedback maximum load current, the load regulation is
c. No feedback a. 0
d. Phase limiting b. 1%
c. 2%
2. During regulation, the power dissipation of d. 5%
the pass transistor equals the collector-
emitter voltage times the 9. If the output of a voltage regulator varies
a. Base current from 20 to 19.8 V when the line voltage varies
b. Load current over its specified range, the source regulation
c. Zener current is
d. Foldback current a. 0
b. 1%
3. Without current limiting, a shorted load will c. 2%
probably d. 5%
a. Produce zero load current
b. Destroy diodes and transistors 10. The output impedance of a voltage
c. Have a load voltage equal to the zener regulator is
voltage a. Very small
d. Have too little load current b. Very large
c. Equal to the load voltage divided by the
4. A current-sensing resistor is usually load current
a. Zero d. Equal to the input voltage divided by
b. Small the output current
c. Large
d. Open 11. Compared to the ripple into a voltage
regulator, the ripple out of a voltage regulator
5. Simple current limiting produces too much is
heat in the a. Equal in value
a. Zener diode b. Much larger
b. Load resistor c. Much smaller
c. Pass transistor d. Impossible to determine
d. Ambient air
12. A voltage regulator has a ripple rejection
6. With foldback current limiting, the load of -60 dB. If the input ripple is 1 V, the output
voltage approaches zero, and the load current ripple is
approaches a. -60 mV
a. A small value b. 1 mV
b. Infinity c. 10 mV
c. The zener current d. 1000 V
d. A destructive level
13. Thermal shutdown occurs in an IC
7. A capacitor may be needed in a discrete regulator if
voltage regulator to prevent a. Power dissipation is too high
a. Negative feedback b. Internal temperature is too high
b. Excessive load current c. Current through the device is too high
c. Oscillations d. All the above occur
d. Current sensing
14. If a linear three-terminal IC regulator is 21. To get more output voltage from a buck
more than a few inches from the filter switching regulator, you have to
capacitor, you may get oscillations inside the a. Decrease the duty cycle
IC unless you use b. Decrease the input voltage
a. Current limiting c. Increase the duty cycle
b. A bypass capacitor on the input pin d. Increase the switching frequency
c. A coupling capacitor on the output pin
d. A regulated input voltage 22. An increase of line voltage into a power
supply usually produces
15. The 78XX series of voltage regulators a. A decrease in load resistance
produces an output voltage that is b. An increase in load voltage
a. Positive c. A decrease in efficiency
b. Negative d. Less power dissipation in the rectifier
c. Either positive or negative diodes
d. Unregulated
23. A power supply with low output
16. The 78XX-12 produces a regulated impedance has low
output voltage of a. Load regulation
a. 3 V b. Current limiting
b. 4 V c. Line regulation
c. 12 V d. Efficiency
d. 40 V
24. A zener-diode regulator is a
17. A current booster is a transistor in a. Shunt regulator
a. Series with the IC regulator b. Series regulator
b. Parallel with the IC regulator c. Switching regulator
c. Either series or parallel d. Zener follower
d. Shunt with the load
25. The input current to a shunt regulator is
18. To turn on a current booster, we can drive a. Variable
its base-emitter terminals with the voltage b. Constant
across c. Equal to load current
a. A load resistor d. Used to store energy in a magnetic field
b. A zener impedance
c. Another transistor 26. An advantage of shunt regulation is
d. A current-sensing resistor a. Built-in short-circuit protection
b. Low power dissipation in the pass
19. A phase splitter produces two output transistor
voltages that are c. High efficiency
a. Equal in phase d. Little wasted power
b. Unequal in amplitude
c. Opposite in phase 27. The efficiency of a voltage regulator is high
d. Very small when
a. Input power is low
20. A series regulator is an example of a b. Output power is high
a. Linear regulator c. Little power is wasted
b. Switching regulator d. Input power is high
c. Shunt regulator
d. Dc-to-dc converter
28. A shunt regulator is inefficient because 34. The dropout voltage of standard
a. It wastes power monolithic linear regulators is closest to
b. It uses a series resistor and a shunt a. 0.3 V
transistor b. 0.7 V
c. The ratio of output to input power is c. 2 V
low d. 3.1 V
d. All of the above
35. In a buck regulator, the output voltage is
29. A switching regulator is considered filtered with a
a. Quiet a. Choke-input filter
b. Noisy b. Capacitor-input filter
c. Inefficient c. Diode
d. Linear d. Voltage divider
30. The zener follower is an example of a 36. The regulator with the highest efficiency is
a. Boost regulator the
b. Shunt regulator a. Shunt regulator
c. Buck regulator b. Series regulator
d. Series regulator c. Switching regulator
d. Dc-to-dc converter
31. A series regulator is more efficient than a
shunt regulator because 37. In a boost regulator, the output voltage is
a. It has a series resistor filtered with a
b. It can boost the voltage a. Choke-input filter
c. The pass transistor replaces the b. Capacitor-input filter
series resistor c. Diode
d. It switches the pass transistor on and d. Voltage divider
off
38. The buck-boost regulator is also
32. The efficiency of a linear regulator is high a. A step-down regulator
when the b. A step-up regulator
a. Headroom voltage is low c. An inverting regulator
b. Pass transistor has a high power d. All of the above
dissipation
c. Zener voltage is low
d. Output voltage is low
33. If the load is shorted, the pass transistor

has the least power dissipation when the
regulator has
a. Foldback limiting
b. Low efficiency
c. Buck topology
d. A high zener voltage

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ELECTRONIC PRINCIPLES

6th Edition by ALBERT MALVINO

1. An ideal voltage source has 8. The Thevenin resistance is equal in value to

15. A shorted resistor has 21. Norton’s theorem replaces a complicated

45. In a silicon diode the reverse current is

46. Surface-leakage current is part of the

47. The voltage where avalanche occurs is

48. Diffusion of free electrons across the

16. How much load current is there in Fig. 3-

17. How much load current is there in Fig. 3-

18. How much load current is there in Fig. 3-

19. If the diode is open in Fig. 3-19, the load

20. If the resistor is ungrounded in Fig. 3-19,

17. If the load current is 5 mA and the filter

18. The diodes in a bridge rectifier each have

27. The diode with a forward voltage drop of

28. For typical operation, you need to use

27. In the active region, the collector current

28. The base-emitter voltage of the second

29. If the base resistor is open, what is the

25. When the current gain increases from 50

26. If the emitter resistance decreases, the

27. If the emitter resistance decreases, the

20. In TSEB, the base current must be very

21. The Q point of TSEB does not depend on

14. A graph of ac emitter current versus ac

15. The output voltage of a CE amplifier is

16. The emitter of a CE amplifier has no ac

17. The voltage across the load resistor of a

18. The ac collector current is approximately

19. The ac emitter current times the ac

20. The ac collector current equals the ac

1. The emitter is at ac ground in a 8. To reduce the distortion of an amplified

5. Voltage gain is directly proportional to 12. The feedback resistor

6. Compared to the ac resistance of the 13. The feedback resistor

18. If any capacitor is open, the ac output

19. If the input coupling capacitor is open, the

20. If the bypass capacitor is open, the ac

21. If the output coupling capacitor is open,

28. When the ambient temperature increases,

29. If the load power is 3 mW and the dc

3. The input impedance of the base of an 9. The ac emitter current is closest to

28. Thermal runaway is 35. The ac emitter resistance of an emitter

30. A small quiescent current is necessary

31. The zener current in a zener follower is

32. In the two-transistor voltage regulator, the

33. For a class B push-pull emitter follower to

1. A JFET 8. When the drain saturation current is less

17. VHF stands for frequencies from 24. Transconductance is measured in

19. When the gate voltage becomes more

20. If a JFET has IDSS = 10 mA and VP = 2 V,

21. The easiest way to bias a JFET in the

1. Which of the following devices 8. CMOS stands for

15. Most small-signal E-MOSFETs are found

16. Most power FETS are

17. An n-channel E-MOSFET conducts when

18. With CMOS, the upper MOSFET is

19. The high output of a CMOS inverter is

20. The RDS(on) of a power FET

1. A thyristor can be used as 8. A silicon controlled rectifier has

2. Positive feedback means the returning 9. A SCR is usually turned on by

16. The triac is equivalent to 24. A latch is based on

17. The unijunction transistor acts as a