Procedures

1. Set-up and instruments:

Figure 1: schematic drawing of the setup temperature of the cylinder’s surface

Figure 2: Location of the T2

thermocouple that measures the
2. Usage of instruments:
− The main switch is used to turn the system on and off
− The fan switch turns the fan on and off
− The throttle butterfly allows convection by air and whose speed can be varied from 0 to
more than 8m/s
− The anemometer will display the air temperature Ta that has index 1 on the screen.
(Ta = T1)
− The T2 thermocouple will measure the cylinder’s surface temperature Ts and is displayed
on the screen with an index of 2. ( Ts = T2 )

3. Experiments:

 First experiment: Determination of combined radiation and convection heat transfer in

natural convection. Steps:

− Position the heated cylinder at the top of the duct with the thermocouple on the side of
the cylinder.
− Setup the voltage controller on a 50 volts reading.
− Select the temperature position T2 using the rotary selector switch and monitor the
temperature.
− Open the throttle butterfly on the fan intake but do not turn the fan switch.
− When T2 has reached a steady state temperature record the following Ts, Ta, V and I
− Increase the voltage controller to have an 80-volt reading monitor T2 for stability and
repeat the reading
− Repeat the previous step for a 120, 150 and 185-volt reading(Caution: Make sure the
temperature does not exceed 500°C )
− Once the readings are completed, turn on the fan and reduce the voltage control to 0. This
will allow the system to cool.
− Turn off the system.
  Second experiment: Determination of the effect of forced combined radiation and
convection on the heat transfer from a cylinder at varying air velocities. Steps:
− Position the heated cylinder at the top of the duct with the thermocouple on the side of
the cylinder
− Set the voltage controller to have a 200 volts reading.
− Select the temperature position T2 using the rotary selector switch and monitor the
temperature.

− Open the throttle butterfly valve on the fan intake, turn the fan switch and adjust the
throttle valve until the air velocity is approximately 1.5 m/s.
− When T2 has reached a steady state temperature record the following Ts, Ta, V and I
− Repeat the 2 previous steps for velocities of 3 and 7 m/s at the same volt reading,
monitor T2 for stability.
− Once the readings are completed, turn on the fan and reduce the voltage control to 0.
This will allow the system to cool.
− Turn off the system.

Notes:

− Due to the difficulty of setting the voltage controller to the values of 50, 80, 120, 150
and 185 volts in the first experiment, our recorded readings are for values of 54, 83,
120, 149, and 184 volts instead of the previous values respectively.
In the second experiment we took readings for velocities of 1.6, 3.17, and 7.1 m/s
instead of 1.5, 3 and 7 m/s respectively.

− In the second experiment the procedure is to record readings for fan velocity between
0.5 m/s and 7 m/s with an increment of 0.5m/s but due to lack of time we only took
readings for 3 velocities.

− The 2 previous notes explain why the measured results may vary from experiment to
another.