CYCLE OF VIRUS

A. Lytic Cycle
 Lytic cycle is a replication of the virus accompanied by the death of the host cell after the
formation of new virus tillers.

Bacteriophage lytic cycle consists of 5 phases, namely the adsorption phase, the
penetration phase of the host cell, the eclifase phase, the replication phase, and the breakdown
phase of the host cell.

1. Adsorption Phase

The adsorption phase is the initial phase where the tip of the bacterial tail attaches or
attaches to certain parts of the bacterial cell wall that is still in a normal state. That area is called
the receptor site (receptor site or receptor spot). The attached virus then releases the enzyme
lysozyme / lysozyme which functions to damage or pierce the bacterial cell wall.

2. Penetration phase

The penetration phase, the tail end of the T virus and the cell wall of the fused E. coli
bacteria dissolve to form channels from the T virus body with the cytoplasm of bacterial cells.
Through this channel the viral DNA enters the bacterial cytoplasm

3. The phase of eclifase and Replication

The DNA DNA multiplase phase takes control of the bacterial DNA. This control occurs
in the process of preparing or synthesizing proteins in the bacterial cytoplasm. So that the DNA
of the virus controls the synthesis of viral capsid proteins. In this process, DNA DNA replication
also occurs so that the amount of DNA from the T virus increases very much as protein synthesis
occurs.

4. Assembling Phase

 The assembly phase of the lytic cycle is the phase in which protein and DNA parts that
are formed from the process of protein synthesis and DNA replication occur to produce new
whole viruses.

5. Lysis Phase

The lysis phase is the phase of the destruction of bacterial cells due to the enzymatic
activity of the T virus and the amount of T virus that is not fit to be accommodated by the
bacterial cell so that the bacterial cell wall becomes broken. Furthermore, a number of new T
viruses will come out and be ready to attack other bacterial cells
2. Lysogenic Cycle

The lysogenic cycle is a virus breeding cycle that is latent because the period of one
lysogenic cycle can last very long in the host body. The duration of the cycle in the lysogenic
cycle is influenced by the virulence or host cell resistance of the infecting virus particles. The
lysogenic cycle consists of four phases, namely adhesion, penetration, fusion, and division.

 Adhesion phase
Basically, the phase of adhesion and penetration in the lysogenic cycle are not different
from the phase of adhesion and penetration in the lytic cycle. Virus reproduction always
begins by attaching the virus to the surface of the host cell and perforating the cell's
plasma membrane.

 Penetration phase
Viral nucleic acids enter the host cell after going through the adhesion phase and
penetrating.

 Merging phase (Integration)

Furthermore, these nucleic acids will join the host chromosome and are called profage.
Host cells do not undergo lysis in this cycle, but can still carry out metabolism and cell
reproduction as before infection, only, at this time the host cell carries viral nucleic acids
as part of its chromosomes.

 Cleavage phase
In this phase the genetic material of the virus is integrated with the chromosomes of the
host cell. Viruses utilize the process of division of host cells for the replication of genetic
material. So, the number of viruses will increase along with the division of host cells.
Under certain conditions, profage can separate from the host chromosome and
immediately enter the lytic cycle. The condition in question is if the host cell loses
virulence against virus particles or causes environmental stresses such as radiation or
high temperatures.