CRITICAL THINKING references used in developing the academic

paper.
LEVEL OF THINKING ( Benjamin Bloom 1956) Lorin
Anderson ( 2001) CONTENT AND STYLE OF ACADEMIC TEXTS

 EVALUATION  creating In general, authors observe the following when

 SYNTHESIS  evaluating writing academic text.
 ANALYSIS  analyzing
 They state critical questions and issues
 APPLICATION  applying
 They provide facts and evidence from
 COMPREHENSION  understanding
credible sources
 KNOWLEDGE  remembering
 They use precise and accurate words while
FOUNDATIONS OF READING avoiding jargon and colloquial expressions.
 They take an objective point of view and
*EXAMPLES OF ACADEMIC TEXT avoid being personal and subjective.
 They list references
 ARTICLES – offers results of research and
 They use hedging or cautions language to
development that can either impact the
tone their claim.
academic community or provide
relevance to nation building. CRITICAL READING STRATEGIES
 CONFERENCE PAPERS – these are papers
presented in scholastics conferences, and 1. BEFORE READING
maybe revised as articles for possible  DETERMINE
publication in scholarly journals  CHECK
 REVIEWS –provide evaluation or reviews  IDENTIFY
of works published In scholarly journals 2. DURING READING
( ex. PRODUCTS : REVIEW)  ANNOTATE
 THESES DISSERTATIONS – personal 3. AFTER READING
researchers written by a candidate for a  REFLECT
college or university degree.  REACT
 SQ3R METHOD OF READING THE SQ3R
GENERAL PURPOSES FOR READING AN ACADEMIC “ Survey ( or skim) , Question, Read, Recite (
TEXT ( To persuade , to inform) or recall) , Review
 KWL METHOD
 To better understand an existing idea
“ Know” , “ What I want to know “, “ what I
 To get ideas that can support a particular
have learned “
writing assignment
 To gain more information
LOCATING MAIN IDEAS
 To identify gaps in existing studies
 Determine the location of main ideas
 To connect new ideas to existing ones
 Identify strategies in locating thesis
STRUCTURE OF ACADEMIC TEXT statement and thesis statement and topic
sentences
 Are typically formal. They have clearly  Apply strategies in identifying
structured introduction, body, and
conclusion. They also include information i. UNDERSTANDING AND LOCATING
from credible sources which are, in turn, THE THESIS STATEMENT
properly cited. They also include a list of
  Describes the point of an
essay
 Academic text : presented
in the abstract or
executive summary or
found at the last part of
the introduction
 Written in declarative
sentence
ii. UNDERSTANDING AND LOCATING
THE TOPIC SENTENCE
 Presents and describes
the point of the paragraph
 Main idea of a paragraph
 Can be located in the
beginning, middle or last
part of a paragraph
TOPIC SENTENCE
 The main idea of the entire paragraph
 First sentence of the paragraph
 Consists of one controlling idea
 Made up of a subject ( narrow topic) and on
attitude
 Must be one complete sentence
CRITERIA IN EVALUATING WEBSITES
 NARROW TOPIC ( skills)
 ATTITUDE (adjective)
CRITERIA IN EVALUATING SOURCES
1. RELEVANCE OF THE SOURCE OF THE
RESEARCH TOPIC
 How well does the source
support the topic?
 Check the title ,table of
contents , summary/abstract ,
introduction or headings of
the text to have sense of its
content.
2. AUTHORITY / AUTHOR’S
QUALIFICATION
 Reliable
 Citation of authors
 Check the materials
3. CURRENCY/ DATE PUBLICATION
 What is the date of
publication?
 The date of publication should
be at most five years earlier.
4. CONTENTS/ ACCURACY OF
INFORMATION
 Does the author have a lot of
citations in his or her text
and/or a bibliography or works
cited sections?
 What is the tone of the and
style of writing
 Is the information in accurate?
 Is the information obviously
biased or prejudice?
5. LOCATIONS OF SOURCES
 Where Is the source
published?
 Does provide complete
information?
 What is the URL of the
website?
 Reputable sites : .edu ,
.gov , .net , .and .org in URL
1. ACCURACY of web documents
 Who wrote the page and
can you contact him/her?
 Is this person qualified to
write this document?
2. AUTHORITY of web documents
 Who published the
documents and is it
separate from the “
webmaster?”
 Check the domain of the
document
 Does the publisher list
his/her qualifications
3. CURRENCY of web documents
 When was it produced?
 When was it updated?
 How up-to-date are the
links (if any)

4. OBJECTIVITY of web documents
 What goal/objectives
does this page meet?
 How detailed is the
information?
 What opinions ( if any) are
expressed by the author?
5. COVERAGE of web documents
 Are the links (if any)
evaluated and do they
complement the
document theme?
 Is it all images or a
balance of text and
images?
 Is the information
presented cited correctly?
CITING SOURCES
certain part of his/her essay. The
format of in-text citations may vary
per style.
 Citation in abstract, summary and
URL.
 GUIDELINES : APA BASIC CITATION
RULES. ( follow the authors latest
year of publication method. Place a
period after the citation when it is
at the end of the sentence.)
( According to sipacio (2004), /
(sipacio,2004)
2. REFERENCE CITATION
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 2 author : sipacio and
barrot ( 2004 ) , ( sipacio
& barrot 2004)
 3 author : sipacio ,sanchez
and barrot (2004) ,
( sipacio et al. 2004)

PURPOSE of Citing Sources

DIRECT QUOTATON
1. To give credit to the original author of a
work. Plagiarism is a serious offense in
which someone takes the ideas,
information, concepts, argument or
information of someone else , intentionally
or unintentionally , without proper
citations.
2. To promote scholarly writing. You are able
to exhaustively used related and existing
ideas , information, concepts or arguments
of an expert to properly attribute these to
the original source.
3. To help maintain your target audience
identify your original source. More often of
that, your target audience or readers want
to either verify the information learn more
about information from the original source.
FORMS OF CITATION
1. IN-TEXT CITATION
 Requires the writer to cite the
details of the reference used in a
3 FORMATS IN SUMMARIZING
 Four lines of text, start in new line.Maintain
double spacing
 Last name , initial first name , middle initial,
title, publisher
ESSENTIAL WRITING SKILL
SUMMARIZING
 Important skill in critical reading,
summarizing is often used to determine the
essential ideas in a book, article , book
chapter, an article r parts of an article.
NOT SUMMARIZING
 Write down everything
 Write down ideas from the text word for
word
 Write down incoherent and irrelevant ideas
 Write down ideas that are not stated in the
text: or
 Write down a summary that has the same
length or is longer that the original text.
 IDEA HEADING – summarized idea comes
before the citation.
 AUTHOR HEADING – after the citation. The
authors name is connected by an
appropriate reporting verb
 DATE HEADING – comes after the date
when the material was published,