Review of Related Literature and Studies: Commission On Higher Education Baao Community College

Republic of the Philippines
COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION

BAAO COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Baao, Camarines Sur
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Several studies have been conducted to determine the
barriers and difficulties of students in becoming proficient
with the English Language. Different sources of information
have been examined and evaluated as it may widen the
knowledge of the researchers on the proposed study. The
researcher also sourced the related literature and studies
as an aid in designing their study. Critiquing and assessing
whether the related researches were comparable in relation
to the problem to be studied also helped in informing and
lending support to the researcher’s findings and
assumptions.
Local Studies
Jovita N. Fernando, Pacita I. Habana, Alicia L. Cinco ( NEW PERSPECTIVE IN
ENGLISH ONE )
We are now in the 21st century the role of communication plays
crucial role especially in English language is reaffirmed in

Baao, Camarines Sur
every area of human activity. The desire to communicate ideas and
feelings remain important to people. With a wider array of
communication methods available, people around the world are
linked together more closely, given the tremendous technological
advances that have occurred in the past century, while being
proficient in learning English language will improve competence
in communication that plays significant role in determining the
positive direction of future decisions. In sum, we can all use
communication through English language to improve our daily lives
and interactions. From our small private events, the huge fabric
and social progress in learning the English language will help
those people who are having difficulty to become full against
biases and will bring us toward suitable job.
Foreign Studies
KATE WILSON In her studies she proposed that there are five
biggest challenges of learning English. Here are 5 of the biggest
challenges people must face when learning to speak and write
English:
Baao, Camarines Sur
Learning about:
1. Grammar
English grammar is complex making it difficult to remember,
master and use logically. Ensuring you use the correct grammar
can be tricky, especially when you are in conversation with
someone and they are speaking at an alarmingly fast pace.
Learning grammar is like learning to drive, you can learn all of
the theory, rules and regulations, but you won’t be good at it
unless you practice it and it starts to become second nature to
you.
2. Vocabulary
Is often a challenge, particularly when it comes to verb
variations and understanding which tense should be used in
various situations. English has one of the biggest vocabularies
of all languages, Using vocabulary inaccurately is incredibly
noticeable to anyone who’s first language is English, though it
doesn’t often change the meaning of your text, it does weaken it.
3. Slang and Colloquialism

Baao, Camarines Sur
With the English language having such an extensive vocabulary and
complicated grammar there is enough to teach students wanting to
learn English, rarely are students exposed to the slang words
used by English speakers in everyday conversation. Sentences can
be predominantly filled with slang words, so maintaining a
conversation can be difficult for anyone who doesn’t understand
what they mean.
4. Pronunciation
5. Variations in English
The difference between using formal and informal language or the
differences between spoken and written language. This leads to
students writing words phonetically, for example, how they would
say it rather how it actually spelt, and using informal language,
maybe even slang that they have picked up, informal situations
which may perhaps be viewed negatively.
This research on the challenges that learners face in gaining
proficiency in English will be a helpful guide for students. The
above finding serves as the basic principle in mastering
communication skills. These 5 biggest challenges, specially

Baao, Camarines Sur
grammar and vocabulary, should be learned to overcome common
problems in communication skills.
OXFORD ROYALE ACADEMY An article published by the Oxford
Royale Academy, “Difficulties English Poses for EFL learners, and
How to overcome Them”, examine the factors that affect the
learning of the English language.
In this article, we look at some of the specific difficulties
English poses to those learning it as a foreign language, and
what you can do to overcome these problems if you’re in the
throes of learning this complicated language yourself.
1. English has one of the biggest, trickiest vocabularies there
is,
2. English grammar is full of subtlety.
3. Pronunciation is difficult and in consistent.
4. There are many variations in English.

Baao, Camarines Sur
DR. R. KANNAN, M.A. M.PHIL. PH.D. IN ENGLISH There are reasons why
students have difficulties in learning and understanding English
problems in learning:
Twelve years of school studyio do not make students mastery over
English. Why this happen? While they are in schools English is
not taught properly. As majority of the students are hailed from
rural areas, bilingual method is adopted in language classes.
This method helps only to slow learners to some extent. Moreover,
this act reduces the real learning process as a whole. If a
student does not understand anything in English, he/she asks for
explanation in L1 for example, in his/her mother tongue.
Consequently, the English teacher is in a state to adopt
bilingual method. ELT specialists view this as an wrong
methodology.
To learn this language requires constant practice and patience.
The kind of feeling that prevails among students is that it is
not possible to achieve fluency or mastery over English Language.
This kind of tendency prevents students from learning new
languages like English.

Baao, Camarines Sur
Since most of the students are first generation learners, how can
a student get acquainted with the foreign language with regard to
English without any guidance from their parents an others? Even
though students are studying English, they are not able to
produce even a single sentence without any grammatical error in
English. The reason stated for this is that they study subjects
from the examination point of view only. This is true with
English language too. Our examination system is such that it
makes students’ rote memorization rather than testing their
analytical and creative skills. In this process, they memorize
lessons, reproduce them in exam halls and forget them in the same
day itself.
Teachers should motivate students for participative learning.
This will solve all the stumbling blacks in students. Teaching-
learning is not a one-way process. It is a multi-way process. As
soon as the teaching is over, students should raise their doubts,
clarification, etc. By doing so, students’ communication skills
in English will grow. To develop this, sufficient practice must
be given to students to their preliminary stage. While
maintaining classroom management concurrently learner-friendly
atmosphere should also prevail there.

Baao, Camarines Sur
This ensures students to learn more and participative more. Above
all, a teacher is not only a teacher but also a friend, guide and
a philosopher to students. He/she guides students not only to
pass in the exam but also to face challenges and take right
decisions during the time of crisis in life. This is, of course,
a real and tough task ahead of a good teacher.
TOMASZ P. SZYNALSKI examined the three biggest challenges facing
an English learner.
1. Developing a passion for learning English
All English learners would like to speak English well. They are
excited at the idea of being able to communicate in English
fluently. However, they usually don’t care about the learning
process itself. For most learners, learning English is a duty-
something that they have to, but don’t want to do. They don’t see
pleasure in learning English.
In short, most learners would like to speak English well but
don’t like to be learning English. This is the first and biggest
problem facing an English learner, because a person who doesn’t

Baao, Camarines Sur
like to learn English will not learn it well. If you don’t love
English, English won’t love you back!
If you want to become a successful learner, you need to like the
learning process itself. You need to treat time spent on English
as time for pleasure and relaxation. For example, you need to
enjoy: reading English sentences and thinking about their
structure learning new words from a dictionary writing a correct
English sentence by consulting dictionaries, grammar guides, and
the web. While the first change is the most difficult, each
subsequent one is hard, too. A lot of learners take the first
step ( e.g. they start reading a book in English everyday) and
stop there. They do not engage in other English-building
activities.
A good learner will have a set of activities (reading, watching
TV, practicing pronunciation, listening to recordings, etc.) and
choose from that set according to his or her mood. One activity
is not good enough, because 1 you get bored more quickly, and 2
it gives you a range of language skills that is typically too
narrow. For example, reading in English can’t improve your
grammar, vocabulary, reading comprehension, and writing skills.)

Baao, Camarines Sur
Baao, Camarines Sur
Examine the relationships between second language learner’s
anxiety, self-confidence and speaking performance. The
participants of their study were one hundred and thirty two
Korean college students who enrolled the English conversation
classes. The results of their study indicated that learner’s
MACINTYRE, CLIMENT, NOELS (1998)

Studied the effects of self-confidence on level performance.
The results of their study showed that the learner’s willingness
to communicate was determined party by their self- confidence.
ENDNOTES
1. Dincer, A & Yesilyurt, S. (2013) Pre-Service English

16
Teacher’s Beliefs on Speaking Skills Based on Motivational
Orientations.
Baao, Camarines Sur
2. Mahripah, S. (2014) Emploring Factors Affecting EFL
Learner’s Speaking Performance: from Theories into
Practices.
3. Park, H. Lee, A.R. (2005) L2 Learners’ Anxiety, Self-
Confidence and Oral Performance.
4. Traveer, M. (2207) Investigation of the factors that cause
language anxiety for ESL/EFL Learners in Learning Speaking
17

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Republic of the Philippines

COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION

Several studies have been conducted to determine the

barriers and difficulties of students in becoming proficient

with the English Language. Different sources of information

have been examined and evaluated as it may widen the

knowledge of the researchers on the proposed study. The

researcher also sourced the related literature and studies

as an aid in designing their study. Critiquing and assessing

whether the related researches were comparable in relation

to the problem to be studied also helped in informing and

lending support to the researcher’s findings and

Jovita N. Fernando, Pacita I. Habana, Alicia L. Cinco ( NEW PERSPECTIVE IN

We are now in the 21st century the role of communication plays

crucial role especially in English language is reaffirmed in

every area of human activity. The desire to communicate ideas and

feelings remain important to people. With a wider array of

communication methods available, people around the world are

linked together more closely, given the tremendous technological

advances that have occurred in the past century, while being

proficient in learning English language will improve competence

in communication that plays significant role in determining the

positive direction of future decisions. In sum, we can all use

communication through English language to improve our daily lives

and social progress in learning the English language will help

those people who are having difficulty to become full against

biases and will bring us toward suitable job.

biggest challenges of learning English. Here are 5 of the biggest

challenges people must face when learning to speak and write

English grammar is complex making it difficult to remember,

can be tricky, especially when you are in conversation with

someone and they are speaking at an alarmingly fast pace.

Learning grammar is like learning to drive, you can learn all of

the theory, rules and regulations, but you won’t be good at it

unless you practice it and it starts to become second nature to

Is often a challenge, particularly when it comes to verb

variations and understanding which tense should be used in

various situations. English has one of the biggest vocabularies

of all languages, Using vocabulary inaccurately is incredibly

noticeable to anyone who’s first language is English, though it

3. Slang and Colloquialism

With the English language having such an extensive vocabulary and

complicated grammar there is enough to teach students wanting to

learn English, rarely are students exposed to the slang words

used by English speakers in everyday conversation. Sentences can

be predominantly filled with slang words, so maintaining a

conversation can be difficult for anyone who doesn’t understand

what they mean.

The difference between using formal and informal language or the

differences between spoken and written language. This leads to

students writing words phonetically, for example, how they would

say it rather how it actually spelt, and using informal language,

which may perhaps be viewed negatively.

This research on the challenges that learners face in gaining

proficiency in English will be a helpful guide for students. The

above finding serves as the basic principle in mastering

communication skills. These 5 biggest challenges, specially

grammar and vocabulary, should be learned to overcome common

problems in communication skills.

OXFORD ROYALE ACADEMY An article published by the Oxford

Royale Academy, “Difficulties English Poses for EFL learners, and

How to overcome Them”, examine the factors that affect the