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 RS X - Y
A1 A2 A3
+
+
VS R1
-
R2 RL

In the above figure, all amplifiers are voltage amplifiers with

𝐴1 = 20
𝐴2 = −1
𝐴3 = +2
Answer the following questions considering the amplifiers have infinite input and zero output
impedances:
1. (2) The feedback is negative. (T/F)
2. (2) The forward amplifier gain is ….
𝐴 = 𝐴1 𝐴2 𝐴3 = −40
1
3. (4) If 𝑅1 = 10 kΩ, 𝑅2 should be … kΩ to have a feedback factor of 2.
2𝑅
𝐾 = 𝑅 +𝑅 10 kΩ
! 2
4. (5) The closed-loop gain is … (Hint: The closed-loop gain is positive)
𝑌 −𝐴 40
= = = 1.9
𝑋 1 − 𝐾𝐴 21
5. (5) If the overall forward amplifier has a 150 Hz bandwidth (due to a single dominant
pole), the bandwidth of the closed-loop circuit would be …
𝐵𝑊|𝐶𝐿 = 𝐵𝑊|𝑂𝐿 ∙ (1 − 𝐾𝐴) = 150 × 21 = 3150 Hz
Now consider that in a similar circuit the first amplifier has an input impedance of 2 kΩ and
the third amplifier has an output impedance of 10 kΩ:
6. (4) The circuit closed-loop input impedance would be …
𝑅𝑖𝑛 |𝐶𝐿 = 𝑅𝑖𝑛 (1 − 𝐾𝐴) = 2 ∗ 21 = 42 kΩ
7. (4) The circuit closed-loop output impedance would be …
𝑅𝑜𝑢𝑡 10
𝑅𝑜𝑢𝑡 |𝐶𝐿 = = = 0.48 kΩ
1 − 𝐾𝐴 21
𝑌
8. (5) If 𝑅𝑠 = 1 kΩ and 𝑅𝐿 = 10 kΩ, the value of 𝑉 would be …
𝑠
𝑌 10 42
= ∙ 1.9 ∙ ≈ 1.78
𝑉𝑠 10 + 10.48 43
In the above circuit, 𝛽 is very high for both transistors. For Q1, 𝑉𝐴 ≈ ∞, but for Q2, 𝑉𝐴 ≠ ∞.
Also, 𝑅𝐹 is considered large enough that its effect on the amplifier input and output circuits
can be ignored.
1. (2) Specify the feedback type.
a. Voltage-voltage
b. Voltage-current
c. Current-voltage
d. Current-current 
2. (4) Specify the feedback factor (absolute value).
a. 𝑅𝐹
𝐼 𝑅
b. 𝐾 = 𝐼 𝐹 ≈ − 𝑅𝑀 
𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝐹
c. 𝑅𝑀
𝑅𝑀
d. 𝑅
𝐹 +𝑅𝑀

3. (4) Which one best represents the open-loop input impedance?

1
a. 𝑅𝑖𝑛 |𝑂𝐿 = 𝑔 
𝑚1
b. 𝑅𝐹 + 𝑅𝑀
1
c. 𝑔 ||(𝑅𝐹 + 𝑅𝑀 )
𝑚1
d. 𝑅𝐹
4. (4) Which one best represents the open-loop output impedance?
a. 𝑅𝑀
b. 𝑅𝐹 ||𝑅𝑀
c. 𝑅𝑜𝑢𝑡 |𝑂𝐿 = 𝑟𝑂2 
d. 𝑟𝑜2 ||𝑅𝑀
5. (5) Which one best represents the forward amplifier gain?
a. – 𝑔𝑚2
b. −𝑔𝑚2 𝑅𝐶
c. −𝑔𝑚1 𝑅𝐶 𝑔𝑚2
𝛽 𝛽 𝐼𝑜𝑢𝑡
d. 𝑉𝐶1 = −𝐼𝐶1 (𝑅𝐶 ||𝑟𝜋2 ) = −𝐼𝐶1 (𝑅𝐶 || 𝑔 2 ) = 𝐼𝑖𝑛 (𝑅𝐶 || 𝑔 2 ) = −𝑔𝑚2
𝑚2 𝑚2 𝑉𝐶1
𝐼𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝛽
= −𝑔𝑚2 (𝑅𝐶 || 𝑔 2 ) 
𝐼𝑖𝑛 𝑚2
(19)
In the above figure, 𝑅2 = 10 kΩ, 𝑅𝐹 = 10 kΩ, and 𝑅𝐷1 = 20 kΩ. For both transistors
consider:
𝜆=0
𝑔𝑚 = 𝑔𝑚1 = 𝑔𝑚2 = 0.1 mS

1. (3) What is the feedback type?

a. Voltage-voltage
b. Voltage-current 
c. Current-voltage
d. Current-current
2. (3) How is the forward amplifier specified?
a. A CG amplifier
b. A CG and a CS amplifier 
c. A source follower and a CS amplifier
d. A CS amplifier

3. (4) Which parts constitute the feedback network?

a. 𝑅1 , 𝑅2 , and 𝑅𝐹 
b. 𝑅𝐹
c. 𝑅1 and 𝑅2
d. 𝑅2 and 𝑅𝐹

Hint: for the following questions, you need to consider the effect of the the non-ideal
feedback network in your calculations.
1
4. (5) We need a feedback factor of |𝐾| = 20. The value of 𝑅1 is ….
(𝑅𝐹 ||𝑅2 )/𝑅𝐹
𝐾=− ⇒ 𝑅1 = 5 kΩ
(𝑅𝐹 ||𝑅2 ) + 𝑅1

From this point on, consider 𝑅1 = 10 kΩ. Note: this is not the value found in question 4, so
1
if needed, you should re-calculate 𝐾. (𝐾 = − 30)
1
5. (5) What is the open-loop input impedance? 𝑅𝑖𝑛 |𝑂𝐿 = 𝑔 ||(𝑅𝐹 + 𝑅1 ||𝑅2 )
𝑚
a. 6 kΩ 
 b. 10 kΩ
c. 15 kΩ
d. 20 kΩ
6. (5) What is the open-loop output impedance? 𝑅𝑜𝑢𝑡 |𝑂𝐿 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 ||𝑅𝐹
a. 6 kΩ
b. 10 kΩ
c. 15 kΩ 
d. 20 kΩ
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡
7. (5) What is the 𝑀2 stage gain? = −𝑔𝑚 (𝑅1 + 𝑅2 ||𝑅𝐹 )
𝑉𝐷1
a. -2
b. -1.5 
c. -10
d. -5

8. (5) The forward amplifier overall gain is … -18 positive result accepted too
𝑅𝐹 + (𝑅1 ||𝑅2 ) 𝑅𝐹 + (𝑅1 ||𝑅2 )
𝐼𝐷1 = −𝐼𝑖𝑛 ⇒ 𝑉𝐷1 = −𝑅𝐷1 𝐼𝐷1 = 𝑅𝐷1 𝐼𝑖𝑛
1 1
+ 𝑅 + (𝑅 ||𝑅 )
𝑔𝑚 𝐹 1 2 𝑔𝑚 + 𝑅𝐹 + (𝑅1 ||𝑅2 )
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 −𝑔𝑚 𝑅𝐷1 (𝑅1 + 𝑅2 ||𝑅𝐹 ) ∙ (𝑅𝐹 + 𝑅1 ||𝑅2 )
⇒ =
𝐼𝑖𝑛 1
𝑔𝑚 + 𝑅𝐹 + 𝑅1 ||𝑅2

Disregarding your answer to the previous question, from this point on, consider the open-
loop gain is 10.
𝐴𝑂𝐿 10
9. (5) The closed-loop gain is … 𝐴𝐶𝐿 = 1+𝐾𝐴 = − 10 = −7.5 positive result
𝑂𝐿 1+
30
accepted too
10. (5) The ratio of the closed-loop input impedance to the open-loop one is …
𝑅𝑖𝑛 |𝐶𝐿 1 1
= = = 0.75
𝑅𝑖𝑛 |𝑂𝐿 1 + 𝐾𝐴𝑂𝐿 1.5
11. (5) The ratio of the closed-loop output impedance to the open-loop one is …
𝑅𝑜𝑢𝑡 |𝐶𝐿 1 1
= = = 0.75
𝑅𝑜𝑢𝑡 |𝑂𝐿 1 + 𝐾𝐴𝑂𝐿 1.5