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IFAC-PapersOnLine 49-27 (2016) 296–300
Frequency/Voltage
Frequency/Voltage Regulation
Regulation with
with
Frequency/Voltage
Frequency/Voltage
STATCOM with Regulation
Regulation
Battery in High with
with
Voltage
STATCOM
STATCOM
STATCOM with
with Battery
Battery
with Battery in
in High
in High
High Voltage
Voltage
Voltage
Transmission
Transmission System
System
Transmission System
Transmission System
Jaeyoung Park ∗∗ Jungwook Yu ∗∗ Jungsoo Kim ∗∗ Minho Kim ∗∗
Jaeyoung
Jaeyoung Park
Park ∗ Jungwook Yu∗∗
∗ Jungwook Yu ∗ Jungsoo Kim
∗ Jungsoo Kim ∗ ∗ Minho Kim ∗
Jaeyoung ParkKwangraeJungwook
Kwangrae
Kim
KimYu∗∗ Soohee Han
Jungsoo
∗∗ Soohee Han ∗
Kim∗ ∗ MinhoMinho Kim Kim ∗
Kwangrae Kim
Kwangrae Kim Soohee Han ∗∗ Soohee Han ∗
∗
∗ Department of Creative IT Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea
∗ Department of Creative IT Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea
∗ Department of Creative IT Engineering, POSTECH,
Department of Creative IT Engineering, (e-mail:
(e-mail: POSTECH, Pohang, Pohang, Korea Korea
(e-mail:
{luckypark,jyu14,jason1120,minho1st,sooheehan}@postech.ac.kr)
(e-mail:
∗∗ {luckypark,jyu14,jason1120,minho1st,sooheehan}@postech.ac.kr)
{luckypark,jyu14,jason1120,minho1st,sooheehan}@postech.ac.kr)
Department of Electrical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea
∗∗ {luckypark,jyu14,jason1120,minho1st,sooheehan}@postech.ac.kr)
∗∗ Department of Electrical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea
∗∗
Department
Department of of Electrical Engineering,
Engineering, POSTECH,
(e-mail: caritas@postech.ac.kr)
Electrical POSTECH, Pohang, Pohang, Korea Korea
(e-mail:
(e-mail: caritas@postech.ac.kr)
caritas@postech.ac.kr)
(e-mail: caritas@postech.ac.kr)
Abstract: This paper proposes a method of regulating frequency and bus voltage simulta-
Abstract:
Abstract: withThis
This paper
paper proposes a method in anof regulating
voltagefrequency and bus voltage simulta-
neously
Abstract:
neously with This paper proposes
STATCOM
STATCOM
with battery
proposes
with
a
a method
method
battery in an
of regulating
ofhigh
regulating
high voltage
frequency
transmission
frequency
transmission
and bus
bus voltage
and system.
system. voltage simulta-
Comparative
simulta-
Comparative
neously
analysis
neously with
of
with STATCOM
stand-alone
STATCOM with
STATCOM
with battery
and
battery in
in an
STATCOM
an high
high voltage
with
voltage transmission
battery is
transmission carried system.
out
system. to Comparative
compare
Comparative the
analysis
analysisstate
steady of
of stand-alone
stand-alone
characteristics STATCOM
of them.and
STATCOM and STATCOM
STATCOM
Dynamic modelwithand battery
with battery
controller is
is carried
carried out
out to
are designed totocompare
compare
accomplish the
the
analysis
steady of
state stand-alone
characteristics STATCOM
of them. and STATCOM
Dynamic model with
and battery
controller is carried
are out
designed to tocompare
accomplish the
steady
the two
steady state
control
state characteristics
objectives,
characteristics of
of them.
frequency
them. Dynamic
and
Dynamicvoltage model and
regulation.
model and controller
The
controller are
results
are designed
are verified
designed to
toinaccomplish
MATLAB
accomplish
the
the two
two control
control objectives, frequency and voltage regulation. The results are verified in MATLAB
on
the
on
an
an control objectives,
twomodified
modified
IEEE 14 bus
objectives,
IEEE 14
frequency
bus
and
and voltage
test system.
frequency
test system. voltage regulation.
regulation. The The results
results areare verified
verified in in MATLAB
MATLAB
on
on an
an modified
modified IEEE
IEEE 14
14 bus
bus test
test system.
system.
© 2016, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: STATCOM, Battery, Frequency control, Voltage control.
Keywords:
Keywords: STATCOM, Battery, Battery, Frequency control, control, Voltage control.
control.
Keywords: STATCOM,STATCOM, Battery, Frequency Frequency control, Voltage Voltage control.
1. INTRODUCTION it may be more economical to perform two functions si-
1. INTRODUCTION
1. INTRODUCTION it may
it may be be more economical to variables.
perform two two functions si- si-
1. INTRODUCTION it may be more
multaneously
multaneously more with
with
economical
two control
economical
two control
to perform
perform two functions
to variables. functions si-
multaneously
multaneously with
with twotwo control
control variables.
variables.
In this framework, we consider that the functions which
Recently, deregulation of power system which requires op- In In this
this
STATCOM framework,
framework,
with we
we
battery consider
consider
performs thatconsist
that the functions
the functions
of two whichwhich
parts,
Recently,
Recently, deregulation
deregulation of
of power
power system
system which
which requires
requires op-
op- In this
STATCOM framework,
with we
battery consider
performs thatconsist
the functions
of two which
parts,
eration
Recently, near the maximum
deregulation of efficiency
power system points
whichcauses concern
requires op- STATCOM
active power with
and battery
reactive performs
power consist
function. of
As two
an parts,
active
eration
eration near
near the maximum
the maximum efficiency
efficiency points causes
points causes concern
concern STATCOM
active power with
and battery
reactive performs
power consist of
function. As two
an parts,
active
for power
eration nearquality problems
the maximum such as
efficiency frequency
points causes and voltage
concern active
power power
function, and reactive
frequency power
regulation function.
has been As an active
considered
for
for power
power quality problems such as frequency and voltage active power
powerproper
function, and reactive
frequency power
regulation function.
has been
beenAs an active
considered
for power quality
deviation. As one problems
quality of the possible
problems such
such asas frequency
frequency and
countermeasures and voltage
to sta- power
sta- most
voltage power function,
function, onefrequency
due to itsregulation
rapid responsehas in considered
Han et al.
deviation.
deviation.
bilize As one
As
the power
deviation. As
onesystem,
one
of the
of
of
the flexible
the
possible
possible
possible ACcountermeasures
countermeasures
transmission systems
countermeasures
to sta-
to
to sta- most proper
most
(2010) proper
and onefrequency
one
Lucas due
due
and to
to itsregulation
its rapid response
rapid
Chondrogiannis
has been
response
(2016).in considered
in Han
Han
As a et et al.
al.
reac-
bilize
bilize the
the power
power system,
system, flexible
flexible AC
AC transmission
transmission systems
systems most
(2010) proper
and one
Lucas due
and to its rapid
Chondrogiannis response
(2016).in Han
As a et al.
reac-
(FACTS)
bilize has
the has
power been getting
system, attention
flexible in Ghosh
ACintransmission and Ledwich
systems (2010) tive and
power Lucas
function, and Chondrogiannis
voltage regulation (2016).
can be As aa reac-
performed
(FACTS)
(FACTS) has been getting attention Ghosh and Ledwich (2010) and
tiveinpower
power Lucas
function, and Chondrogiannis
voltage regulation (2016).
regulation can be As
be performed reac-
(2012),
(FACTS) has been
been getting
Satyanarayana
(2012), Satyanarayana
Satyanarayana gettinget al.
et al.
attention
(2013) and
attention
al. (2013)
in
in Ghosh
and
Khadkikar
Ghosh
Khadkikar
and
and Ledwich
(2012). tive
(2012). as
Ledwich tive function,
stand-alone
power function, voltage
voltage regulation can
STATCOM. can be performed
performed
(2012),
Especially,
(2012), researches
Satyanarayana et
on (2013)
static
et al. and
synchronous
(2013) Khadkikar
and Khadkikar (2012).
compensator as
as in
in stand-alone
stand-alone
(2012). as in stand-alone STATCOM. STATCOM.
STATCOM.
Especially,
Especially,
(STATCOM) researches
researches
which ison on static
astatic
membersynchronous
synchronous
of FACTS compensator
compensator In this paper, we analyze the
has been In this paper, we analyze the steady state characteris- steady state characteris-
Especially,
(STATCOM) researches
which ison static synchronous compensator
(STATCOM)
mainly conducted which overis aa
the member
member of FACTS
of
last two decades. FACTS hasit been
has
Since been
may In tics
In this paper,
paper, we
of STATCOM we analyze
with batterythe
the steady
and derivestate
state thecharacteris-
dynamic
(STATCOM)
mainly conducted which over is thea member
last two of FACTS
decades. hasit been
Since may ticsthis
tics
modelsof STATCOM
of STATCOM
for it using with
analyze
with battery
battery
simplified
steady
and derive
and
circuit derive
model.the
characteris-
the dynamic
To dynamic
perform
mainly
rapidly conducted
inject or over
absorb the last
reactive two decades.
power, its Since
application it mayto tics of STATCOM with battery and derive the
mainly
rapidly conducted
inject or over the
absorb last two
reactive decades.
power, its Since it may
application to models
models
the two for
for it using
it using frequency
functions, simplified and
simplified circuit
circuit model.
model.
voltage To dynamic
To perform
perform
regulation, at
rapidly
the
rapidly inject
voltage
inject or
or absorb
regulation
absorb has reactive
been
reactive power,
main
power, its
research
its application
topic
application in to
Rao
to models for it using simplified circuit model. To perform
the voltage regulation has been main research topic in Rao the
the two
two
same functions,
functions,
time, frequency
frequency
active and and
and
reactive voltage
voltage
power regulation,
regulation,
injection at
at
are
the
et
the voltage
al. (2000),
voltage regulation
Norouzi and
regulation has been
has beenSharafmain
main research
(2005) topic
and Essilfie
research in
topic inet Rao
al. the
Rao two functions, frequency and voltage regulation, at
et al. (2000), Norouzi and Sharaf (2005) and Essilfie et al. the
the same time, active and reactive power injection are
et al.
(2014).
et al. (2000),
(2000), Norouzi
Norouzi and
and Sharaf
Sharaf (2005)
(2005) and
and Essilfie
Essilfie et
et al.
al. the same
same time,
controlled
controlled
separately
time,
separately
active
activebyby
and
and reactive
controlling
reactiveoutput
controlling
power
output
injection
power voltage
injection
voltage
are
phase
are
phase
(2014).
(2014). controlled
and magnitude separately by
by controlling
respectively throughoutput two PI voltage phase
controllers.
(2014). transmission service providers have been un- controlled
Actually, and magnitude
magnitudeseparately
respectively controlling
through output
twocan voltage
PI phase
controllers.
Actually, transmission service providers have been un- and
With
and this control,
magnitude respectively
frequency
respectively through
and voltage
through two
two PI
PI becontrollers.
regulated
controllers.
Actually,
willing to transmission
install STATCOM service providers
servicemainly due to haveits been
low prof- un-
un- WithWith
at this
thethis
same control,
control,
time. In frequency
frequency
conclusion,and STATCOM
and voltage can
voltage can bebe regulated
regulated
Actually,
willing to
willing
transmission
toHowever,
install STATCOM
install STATCOM providers
mainly
mainly due to
due
have
to been
its of
its low
low prof-
prof- With
at the this
same control,
time. frequency
In conclusion, voltage can with
and STATCOM with
battery
be regulated
battery
itability.
willing to install with
STATCOM the recent
mainlydevelopment
due to its lowbattery
prof- at the
could same time.
participate In
in conclusion,
both services STATCOM
of frequency with battery
regulation
itability. However,
itability. However, with the
with the recent
recent development
development of battery
of at the same time. In conclusion, STATCOM
battery could participate in both services of frequency regulation with battery
technologies,
itability. the
However, combination
with the of
recent STATCOM
development andof battery could
and participate
voltage in
regulation. both Weservices
think of frequency
that STATCOM regulation
with
technologies,
technologies, thelead
the combination
combination of STATCOM
of STATCOM and battery could participate
and voltage
voltage in
regulation. both services
Weeconomically of
think that frequency
that STATCOM
STATCOM regulation
with
is expected to
technologies, the to a more
combination of economical and
STATCOM choice
and battery
with and
battery battery could regulation.
become We
more think feasible with with
this
is expected
is expected to lead
to lead to toand a more
a more economical
economical choice
choice with
with and
batteryvoltage
could regulation.
become Weeconomically
more think that STATCOMfeasible with with
this
improved
is expected performance
to lead to a expanded
more applicable
economical choicefields as
with battery
approach. could become more economically feasible with this
improved
improved performance
performance and expanded
and expanded applicable
applicable fields
fields as
as battery
approach. could become more economically feasible with this
shown
improved in Yang et
performance al. (2001), Qian
and expanded and Crow (2002),
applicable Singh
fields as approach.
shown in Yang
Yang et al.
al. (2001),
(2001), Qian andand Crow
Crow (2002), Singh approach.
shown
and
shown in
Hussain
in Yang et
(2010)
et al.and
(2001), Qian
Chakraborty
Qian andet Crow (2002),
al. (2012).
(2002),In this The
Singh
Singh The 2,
rest of this paper is organized as follows. In sec-
restcomparative
of this
this paper is organized
organized as follows.
follows. In sec-
sec-
and
and Hussain
Hussain
combination, (2010)
(2010)
STATCOM and
and Chakraborty
Chakraborty
can not et
et
only al.
al. (2012).
(2012).
inject or In
In this
this
absorb The
tion rest of
of this paper is
analysis as
of stand-alone STATCOMIn
and Hussain (2010)
combination, STATCOM and Chakraborty
can not et al.
only (2012).
inject or In this The
absorb tion restcomparative
2, paper is organized
analysis of as follows.
stand-alone STATCOMIn sec-
combination,
reactive
combination,powerSTATCOM
but active power
STATCOM can
can notwithonly
not inject
battery
only inject as or energy tion
an absorb and
tion 2,
2, comparative
STATCOM
comparative withanalysis
battery of
analysis
battery of
is stand-alone
presented. InSTATCOM
stand-alone section 3,
InSTATCOM
reactive power
reactive
sources. power
In but active
but
previous active power
power
reseaches with
with
on battery
battery
this as or
as
combination, an absorb
an energy
energy
only
and STATCOM
and
dynamic
and
STATCOM
STATCOMmodel of with
with
with battery
STATCOM
battery
is with
is
is
presented.
presented.
battery
presented. In
In
section
issection
derived
section
3,
3,
3,
reactive
sources. power but
In previous
previous active power
reseaches with
on battery as
this combination,
combination, an energy
only dynamic model of STATCOM with battery is derived
sources.
single
sources. In
function
In such as
previous reseaches
voltageon
reseaches on this
regulation
this in Yang etonly
combination, al. dynamic
only
based
dynamic
based
on model
equivalent
model
on equivalent
equivalent
of
of STATCOM
circuit model
STATCOM
circuit model
model
with
withandbattery
controller
battery
and controller
controller
is
is derived
design
derived
design
single function
single
(2001) function
or damping suchpower
such as voltage
as voltage regulation
regulation
oscillation in Singh in and
in Yang
Yang et al.
et
Hussain al. based
of on
STATCOM circuit
with battery and
are proposed design
for regulation
single
(2001) function
or damping suchpower
as voltage regulation
oscillation in Singh in and
Yang et al. based
Hussain of both on equivalent
STATCOM with circuit model
battery are and controller
proposed for design
regulation
(2001)
(2010) or
wasdamping
dealt withpower oscillation
using activein Singh
and and
reactive Hussain
power of of STATCOM
STATCOM frequency with
withand battery
battery are
bus voltage proposed
magnitude
are proposed for regulation
for simultane-
regulation
(2001)
(2010) wasor damping
wassimultaneously.
dealt withpower
with using oscillation in
active those Singh and
and reactive
reactive Hussain
power of both frequency and bus voltage magnitude simultane-
(2010)
capability
(2010) dealt
dealt with using
wassimultaneously. using active
Although
active thoseand researches
and reactive are of
power
power of both
ously.
bothIn
ously.
frequency
section 4,and
Infrequency
section 4,and
bus
bus voltage
modified
modified
IEEE magnitude
voltage 14 bus testsimultane-
IEEE magnitude
14 bus
busand
system is
simultane-
testsimulation
system is is
capability
capability
successful simultaneously.
in performing single Although
Although
function those researches
withresearches
better perfor- are
are ously. In
introduced section
for 4,
high modified
voltage IEEE 14
transmission test system
capability
successful simultaneously.
in performing singleAlthough
function those
with researches
better are ously.
perfor-
In section
introduced for 4, modified
high voltage IEEE 14 busand
transmission testsimulation
system is
successful in introduced
is implemented for
for high voltage
to verify the transmission
effectiveness of andthesimulation
proposed
mances
successful
mances in performing
than
than
stand-alonesingle
performing
stand-alone single function
STATCOM
functionusing
STATCOM
with
with better
using better perfor-
two indepen-
perfor- introduced
two indepen-
indepen- is implemented
implemented high voltage
to verify
verify the transmission
effectiveness and
of the simulation
proposed
mances
dent than
control stand-alone
variables STATCOM
(active power andusing two
reactive power), is
approach.
is implemented Finally, to
to verify the
this paper
the effectiveness
is concluded of
effectiveness in the
of the proposed
section 5.
proposed
mances
dent than variables
control stand-alone STATCOM
(active power andusing two indepen-
reactive power), approach. Finally,
Finally, this this paper
paper is is concluded
concluded in in section
section 5.
dent control variables (active power and reactive power), approach.
approach. Finally, this paper is concluded in section 5.
5.
dent control variables (active power and reactive power),
Copyright
2405-8963 © © 2016,
2016 IFAC
IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control)296Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Copyright
Copyright
Peer review ©
© 2016
2016
under IFAC
IFAC
responsibility of International Federation of 296
296
Automatic
Copyright © 2016 IFAC 296Control.
10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.10.707
 2016 IFAC CTDSG
October 11-13, 2016. Prague, Czech Republic
Jaeyoung Park et al. / IFAC-PapersOnLine 49-27 (2016) 296–300 297

I max (RT  jX T )
αmax
αmin VPCC
VPCC R  X
2
T
2
T

2 RT
Battery discharge
(VPCC / 2 ,VPCC X T / 2 RT ) Battery charge

Fig. 1. Phasor diagram of STATCOM output AC voltage. Fig. 2. Phasor diagram of STATCOM with battery output
AC voltage.
2. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STATCOM AND
STATCOM WITH BATTERY PST AT COM = real(Ea I ∗ )
(3)
= real(kVDC  (α)I  (−φ)) = 0
STATCOM, one of the shunt type FACTS, is reactive
power compensator. STATCOM is particularly good for Substituting (2) into (3) gives
voltage regulation since it could rapidly inject or absorb
reactive power to stabilize voltage deviations. STATCOM VP CC (RT cosα − XT sinα)
is different from other compensators such as static var Ea = kVDC = (4)
compensator (SVC) or reactive power banks in that it RT
acts as voltage source through voltage source inverter Equation (4) means that the control variables, α and k,
(VSI) for the power system. The capacitor connected to are coupled to each other in steady state and we should
the DC-link of VSI just maintains DC voltage to make control either α or k. Control of α has been preferred
AC voltage at the output side of STATCOM. It means to control of k in voltage regulation due to its superior
that the compensating performance of STATCOM is not control performance in Yang et al. (2001), Chakraborty
largely influenced by the capacitance of the capacitor et al. (2012) and Singh and Hussain (2010).
which determines the overall compensating performances By multiplying Ea to both sides of (4), d and q compo-
of SVC and other passive type compensator. The output nents of Ea in network reference frame must satisfy the
AC voltage of STATCOM can be expressed as (1), equality (5),

Ea = kVDC  α (1) VP CC (RT Ea cosα − XT Ea sinα)

where Ed2 + Eq2 = Ea2 =
R (5)
Ea is a-phase output voltage phasor of STATCOM, VP CC (RT Ed − XT Eq )
=
VDC is the DC link voltage, R
α is the phase of output AC voltage, where Ed = Ea cosα and Eq = Ea sinα. Rearranging both
k is a factor that relates the DC link voltage with sides of (5) gives (6),
the magnitude of output AC voltage. 
VP CC 2 VP CC XT 2 VP CC RT2 + XT2 2
And a-phase current injected at the point of common (Ed − ) + (Eq − ) =( )
2 2RT 2RT
coupling (PCC) by STATCOM can be represented as (2) (6)
kVDC  α − VP CC  0
Ia = I  φ = (2) Consequently, Ea must exist on the circle (6) to satisfy
RT + jXT zero active power constraint (4) in steady state. Con-
where sequent phasor diagram of steady state AC voltage of
Ia STATCOM is shown in Fig. 1 where the dashed arc repre-
is a-phase current phasor injected at PCC,
sents (6). Imax , αmin and αmax are determined considering
I is the magnitude of the injected current,
the line impedance, bus voltage and maximum current
φ is the phase of the injected current,
capacity of STATCOM and transformer. In Fig. 1, αmin
VP CC is magnitude of the PCC voltage,
and αmax is somehow large though, they are overstated
RT + jXT is the equivalent impedance of transformer
for illustrative purpose and actually very small due to
between STATCOM and PCC.
constraint (4).
Although STATCOM operates as voltage source, it actu-
STATCOM may interface with battery through its DC
ally cannot supply active power since there is no energy
link. battery is connected to DC link in parallel with
sources for it. It cannot absorb active power as well other
capacitor. In this combination STATCOM with battery
than power losses dissipated which arise from switching
may inject or absorb active power, expanding its applicable
losses, conduction losses and line resistance to maintain
fields to active power compensating applications such as
DC-link voltage near constant. This constraint can be
frequency regulation. The phasor diagram of steady state
expressed as (3)
output AC voltage of BESS/STATCOM is shown in Fig.
2.

297
2016 IFAC CTDSG
298 Jaeyoung Park et al. / IFAC-PapersOnLine 49-27 (2016) 296–300
October 11-13, 2016. Prague, Czech Republic

Ri VPCC,a
Ea
Ia

+ Eb VPCC,b
Vbatt VDC C RL Ib
_
Ec Equivalently,
VPCC,c
Ic
RT  jX T
VSI
Battery STATCOM

Fig. 3. Equivalent circuit representation of STATCOM with battery.

kmin and kmax which depend on VSI topology should where

be considered. By virtue of battery, zero active power  R k 
T
constraint (4) vanishes to decouple α and k, meaning 1 − sinα 0
 LT LT 
that both voltage magnitude and phase are independently  
 RT k 
controllable as in a synchronous generator. Also note that  −1 − cosα 0
 LT LT 
phase limits of α, αmin and αmax , are larger than ones in M = −ωb   (9)
k 
Fig. 1 due to active power capability. From (4), operating  sinα k cosα 1 ( 1 + 1 ) 0
region is divided into battery charge/discharge regions C C C Ri RL 
 
according to (7)  Vbatt 
0 0 0
ω b Ri ER

 VP CC (RT cosα − XT sinα) where
 kVDC < , Battery charge
RT iqd are injected qd current by STATCOM with battery,

 VP CC (RT cosα − XT sinα)
kVDC > ,Battery discharge ωb is base of ω,
RT C is capacitance of DC link capacitor,
(7)
ER is rated capacity of battery.
Battery charge/discharge area for equation (5) is marked
with solid diagonal lines in Fig. 2. (8) and (9) are incorporated into nonlinear differential-
algebraic equations for power system dynamics as in Stott
3. MODELING AND CONTROLLER DESIGN OF (1979) to implement power system dynamic simulation.
STATCOM WITH BATTERY
3.2 Controller design
3.1 Dynamic Model
Control objectives are to regulate voltage magnitude
Equivalent circuit model of STATCOM with battery is
and frequency simultaneously. Essentially, in high voltage
shown in Fig. 2. By assuming that the battery is not fully
transmission system, frequency deviation arises from im-
discharged, we can represent battery as a constant voltage
balances in active power and voltage magnitude mainly
source Vbatt independent of state of charge (SOC). Series
depends on reactive power injection at the bus. These
battery internal resistance Ri and parallel STATCOM
mean that the active and reactive power control should be
resistance RL are included to account for losses. From
implemented for frequency and voltage regulation respec-
Fig. 2, dynamic model of STATCOM with battery can
tively. The phase of PCC voltage where STATCOM with
be expressed as (8) in network reference frame in per unit.
battery connected may be dealt with as zero without loss
of generality since the control signal is used for a particular
     
iq iq cosα STATCOM with battery. The complex power S injected at
      PCC by STATCOM with battery can be expressed as (10).
d  i   i  sinα
 d  = M  d  − ωb k  
dt   V   0  VP CC
 VDC   DC  LT   S = VP CC I ∗
SOC SOC 0 kVDC  (−α) − VP CC  0 (10)
  (8) = VP CC
0 RT − jXT
 
1  0 V2 Since RT much smaller than XT in high voltage transmis-
  batt sion, RT may be assumed to be zero as in Rocabert et al.
+  
R i  ω b ER  ER (2012). Substituting RT with zero in (10) gives (11)
 
CVbatt
1

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Jaeyoung Park et al. / IFAC-PapersOnLine 49-27 (2016) 296–300 299

VDC STATCOM
iabc VPCC f
Battery ●●●
Power system
abc
dq
k* *
id
Ed*  id* Ġ P*
tan
Eq PI œ
Droop
1

Ed
 LT control
LT iq VPCC or
Ġ œ Ed2  Eq2  iq* Ġ Q* ACE signal
PI 
œ
E *
q

Fig. 4. Entire control block diagram.

STATCOM
with
Table 1. Specifications STATCOM with bat-
battery
tery for the simulation
Element Value (p.u)
C 0.92
Ri 0.02
RL 80/k
RT 0.012
LT 0.4
Vbatt 1.03

1.0000
with regulation
1.0000 w/o regulation

1
frequency (p.u)

1.0000

1.0000

0.9999

Fig. 5. A modified IEEE 14 bus test system with STAT- 0.9999

COM with battery at bus 14. 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58
time (secs)
VP CC 0.99
P = kVDC sinα = VP CC ∗ id
XT with regulation
(11) w/o regulation
VP CC 0.98
Q= (kVDC cosα − VP CC ) = −VP CC ∗ iq
bus 14 voltage (p.u)

XT
where P is active power injection and Q is reactive power 0.97
injection and at PCC by STATCOM with battery. Equa-
tion (11) means that active and reactive power injection by 0.96
STATCOM with battery can be controlled by changing α
for active power and k for reactive power which are similar
in the synchronous generator (α and k are equivalent 0.95
40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58
to the power angle and the excitation voltage for rotor time (secs)
respectively). Consequently, we choose α for active power
injection and k for reactive power injection as control Fig. 6. Simulation results.
variables. Incorporating (4)-(11) with two PI controllers
for d and q axis current controllers respectively gives entire 14 bus system as shown in 5. Specifications of STATCOM
controller block diagram shown in Fig. 4. P ∗ and Q∗ are with battery and transformer are tabulated in table 1.
determined by droop control for primary control as in Yao To verify performance of the controller designed in section
et al. (2011) or area control error (ACE) signal as in Liu 3, line trips between bus 14 and bus 13 are simulated
et al. (2015). by varying line impedances. Line trips cause transients
in both transmitted active and reactive power and con-
4. SIMULATION sequent frequency and voltage deviation. So this line trips
are appropriate to test the control performance. 1.0 p.u
All the simulations are implemented using MATLAB. and 0.97 p.u are used as frequency and voltage reference
Modified IEEE 14 bus test system is used for the simula- respectively. The results are shown in Fig. 6. For frequency
tion. STATCOM with battery is placed at bus 14 of IEEE regulation, droop control is applied to simulate partici-

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October Jaeyoung Park et al. / IFAC-PapersOnLine 49-27 (2016) 296–300
11-13, 2016. Prague, Czech Republic

pating in primary frequency regulation and for voltage Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, 27(11), 4734–
regulation, PI control is used to regulate voltage amplitude 4749.
at bus 14 correctly. Satyanarayana, G., Prasad, K., Kumar, G.R., and Ganesh,
K.L. (2013). Improvement of power quality by using
The results show that frequency and bus voltage are regu-
hybrid fuzzy controlled based ipqc at various load condi-
lated well with the proposed controller and corresponding
tions. In Energy Efficient Technologies for Sustainability
control variables, α for frequency regulation and k for
(ICEETS), 2013 International Conference on, 1243–
voltage regulation.
1250. IEEE.
Singh, B. and Hussain, Z. (2010). Application of battery
5. CONCLUSION energy storage system (bess) in voltage control and
damping of power oscillations. In Industrial and Infor-
The results improve the viability to use STATCOM with mation Systems (ICIIS), 2010 International Conference
battery for power quality problems. It was shown that pro- on, 514–519. IEEE.
posed controller is effective in regulating both frequency Stott, B. (1979). Power system dynamic response calcula-
and bus voltage simultaneously. The equivalent circuit tions. Proceedings of the IEEE, 67(2), 219–241.
model for battery is represented with just two elements, Yang, Z., Shen, C., Zhang, L., Crow, M.L., and Atcitty,
voltage source and internal resistance, it should be mean- S. (2001). Integration of a statcom and battery energy
ingful remodel STATCOM with battery with more refined storage. Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on, 16(2),
representation. 254–260.
Yao, W., Chen, M., Matas, J., Guerrero, J.M., and Qian,
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