Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Microwave Waveguides: Sections: 5.5 (Parallel-Plate Waveguide) and Appendix E
Microwave Waveguides: Sections: 5.5 (Parallel-Plate Waveguide) and Appendix E
Microwave Waveguides: Sections: 5.5 (Parallel-Plate Waveguide) and Appendix E
Microwave Waveguides
E j H H j E
F
if F F0 e j z then j
F
0e
j z j F
z F
Ez H z
j E y j H x j H y j Ex
y y
Ez H z
j Ex j H y j H x j E y
x x
E y Ex H y H x
j H z j Ez
x y x y
E x E y
• wave impedance: Z TM
H y H x k
Nikolova 2012 L12: WAVEGUIDES 5
Modes in a Parallel-plate Waveguide: TEM Mode – Review
field in this line is assumed constant in x for any mode
field vectors of TEM mode (β = k, kc = 0) BCs: ex , z ( y 0) ex , z ( y d ) 0
2 ex , z 2 ex , z y
0 z
x 2 y 2
0
y
ex , z 0 eTEM
y hxTEM
jke y j hx
wave impedance phase velocity
0 j hz
1
Z TEM vp
e y hx , / k
hz 0
TEM mode can exist at any frequency
Nikolova 2012 L12: WAVEGUIDES 6
Modes in a Parallel-plate Waveguide: TM Modes
• solve for Ez
2 ez 2 e z 2 ez BCs: ez ( y 0) 0
k 2
c e z 0 k 2e 0
c z
x
2 y 2 y 2 ez ( y d ) 0
0
• general solution j Ez
ez ( y ) A sin(kc y ) B cos( kc y ) eigenvalue eqn Hx 2
kc y
kc2 k 2 2 j Ez
• apply BCs Hy
n kc2 x
B 0 and kc , n 0,1, 2, j Ez 0
d Ex 2
ez = 0 kc x
n j Ez
(n)
ez ( y ) An sin y Ey 2
d kc y
n j n z kc 0
Ez( n ) ( y, z ) An sin y e
d TM mode equations
g 8
Modes in a Parallel-plate Waveguide: TM Modes (3)
2 k2 2 2
E y k c ,n kc , n f c ,n
(n)
Z TM n
1 1
Hx k k k f
(n)
if f f c ,n then Z TM is imaginary n
f c ,n
(n)
if f f c ,n then Z TM is real 2d
ky if f f c1
sin
k 90
Nikolova 2012
Ez ( y 0) 0
L12: WAVEGUIDES 13
Power Carried by TM Modes in Parallel-plate Lines
w d w d
Pav 0.5Re 0 (E H ) zˆ dxdy 0.5Re 0 ( E y H x )dxdy
0 0
Re n d n
Pav( n )
2kc2,n
w | An |2 0 cos 2 y dy
d
j n j n z
H x( n ) An cos y e
kc , n d
jn n j n z
E y( n ) An cos y e
dw Re n 2, n 0
kc , n d
| An |
4kc2,n
Pav( n )
dw Re n
| An |2, n 0
2kc2,n
• below cut-off, βn is purely imaginary and the mode does not carry
power
Nikolova 2012 L12: WAVEGUIDES 14
Modes in a Parallel-plate Waveguide: TE Modes
• solve for hz(y) Ez 0, H z 0
2 hz 2 hz 2h
z
k 2h 0
c z k 2h 0
c z
x 2 y 2 y 2
0
• general solution for hz
hz ( y ) A sin(kc y ) B cos(kc y )
• E-field components
j hz j hz
ex 0, e y 2 0
kc
2 y kc x
• boundary conditions for hz
hz n
ex 0 at y 0, d 0 at y 0, d A 0, kc ,n
y d
n n n z
hz( n ) ( y ) Bn cos (n)
y H z ( y ) Bn cos y e
d d
Nikolova 2012 L12: WAVEGUIDES 15
Modes in a Parallel-plate Waveguide: TE Modes (2)
• transverse field components of TEn modes
(n) j n j n z ( n ) n n z
Ex Bn sin y e H z ( y ) Bn cos y e
kc , n d d
(n) jn n j n z
Hy Bn sin y e = k 2 k 2 = 2 ( n / d ) 2
kc , n d n c ,n
• note that there is no TE0 mode since for n = 0 all field components
are zero
Ex( n ) k
(n)
Z TE (n) n 2 ( n / d )2
Hy n n
Prove that the active (average) power flow for a TEn mode down a
parallel-plate guide is
(n) dw Re n
Pav | Bn |2 ,n0
4kc2,n
TEM ≡ TM0
TM1
TE1
0
TM 0 or plane wave
n
TM 2 and TE 2
1 n
n
d
c1 c 2
• in this case only one mode (TE10) can propagate – the waveguide is
single-moded
• if in the operating frequency band, two or more modes can
propagate, the guide is overmoded
d 2R dR hz ( , )
2 ( kc k ) R 0
2 2 2
hz ( , 2m )
d 2 d
Pn ( ) A sin(n ) B cos( n ) k n (integer)
Nikolova 2012 L12: WAVEGUIDES 32
TE Modes in Circular Waveguides (2)
d 2R dR
2 ( 2k 2 n2 ) R 0
c
d 2 d
• the above is the Bessel differential equation whose solution is
R( ) CJ n (kc ) DYn (kc ) set to zero
Bessel function of the 1st kind Bessel function of the 2nd kind
pnm
2
kc ,nm
pnm 2 a
nm k2 f c ,nm v0 v0 c ,nm
a 2 2 a
pnm
pnm
2
kc ,nm pnm 2 a
nm k2 f c ,nm v0 v0 c ,nm
a 2 2 a pnm
TEM TE11