Hi Hii niin vate se iH NAIR CM A fhChess Academy: ISOLATED PAWN Theory of chess middlegame GM A. Mikhalchishin IM Ya. Srokowski V. Braslavsky Foreword by GM A. Beliavsky Sa ait INTELINVEST © Dusseldorf, Hannover, Germany — Lviv, Ukraine — Los Angeles, USA — Toronto, Canada — Cannes, France©1995 Published by INTELINVEST Co. Ltd. A. Mikhalchishin Ya. Srokowski V. Braslavsky Composition, design and modelling by Kalvaria Ltd. and Intelinvest Co. Ltd. Printed by Patent Industrial and Publishing Group D First English edition 1995 All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the publisher. Mikehalchishin A, Srokowski Ya, Braslavsky V Isolated Pawan. Theory of Chess Middlegame. Foreword by A. Beliavsky, — ist. English ed, Paperbound Intelinvest Co, 1995, (Chess Academy® Series ISBN 5-7707-5822-8Contents About the authors 4 Foreword 5 Code system .. 6 The main principles ot resieal wiidiecame. peattions with the isolated d-pawn ....-...-...--+e-02e2220e 7 Mntrodisbtionts «uo. insane store teen age RES PE Ri ALAS 8 Subject: An attack on nee king [vit an uivance ne the f-pawn... 12 Subject: An attack on the king by rook transfer along the third (sixth) rank. .... -osncup eae eee tates mii? Subject: An attack on the king with a transfer of the pyiete tosthe kingside!.....i.ds oleses aay Iemma Nees 24 Subject: An attack on the king by the advance of the flank pawns......... 33 Subject A combined attack ow the Kings ee -o8: Suject:-. Activity. developtrient. Bieplmdapinteale artis cemngiaem ee ecka Subject: Activity development. Space seizure .................. 48 Subject: Activity development. Capturing open files. . . eer 2 Subject: Development of activity in the centre ....... 62 Subject: Transition into the endgame by an exchange of ‘queens . 64 Subject: A transition into the ending by exchanging filnor placdes a5. ..co 2 ase dh SOM ots 38 Bosh 68 Subject: An isolated pawn in the endings Pain slanhs Wiha slangtatslats 90 Subject: Blockade of an isolated pawn. Control of the blockade square ..... 109 Subject: Blockade of an isolated pawn by a piece . 121 Subject: Activity development on the queenside. . 126 Subject: Pawn structure transformation. Pawn breakthrough.... 129 Subject: Pawn structure transformation. Fixing backward pawns ........- 6 sss ecesee sence eae 145 Subject: Pawn structure ee Creating hanging pawns 2 156 Subjeks. "Wradstorming pawa-structiny by exchadging pieces in the centre. . ra 4 tare Subject: Transforming pawn structure after the K:e6 (e3) move ... he 00s 199 Subject: Unconventional strategical ideas... ... 6.0... ...ea00e 212 Subject The isolated black d-pawn, emerging from the French Defence........ 224ABOUT THE AUTHORS Adrian Mikhalchishin (born 1954) International Grandmaster (since 1978). One of Anatoly Karpovs trainers (1980-85), Trainer of Alexander Beliavsky. Trainer of USSR national team (1989-90). Winner of international tournaments: Rome (1977), Vrnjacka Banja (1978), Copenhagen (1980), Eeklo (1991), Sas van Gent (1990), Brno (1992). Soviet Young master champion (1977). Member of the Ukrainian Olympic team in Manila (1992). Yaroslaw Srokowski (born 1961) International Master (since 1992). ‘Trainer of GM Marta Litinskya, GM Svetlana Matveeva, GM Katia Borulia, IM Andrey Maximenko. Awarded coach of Ukraine. He was awarded the M. Tchigorin's Medal for outstanding achievements in the training of chessplayers. Vitaly Braslavsky (born 1964) President of Intelinvest Co. Ltd., Editor-in-chief of the «Chess Academy» book series. Chief scientific interest is computerized testing and im- provement of chessplayers’ technique and tactical skills. Author of the Chess Academy® Tutorial Program (in cooperation with Nick Gritsiuk) and the Chess Academy® Database (in cooperation with Nick Gritsiuk and Eugen Lesko).«He who is afraid of an isolated pawn should not play chess.» Grandmaster S. Tarrasch Foreword The perfection of a chessplayer’s skill is a fascinating and very complex creative process, which has some laws of its own. What is the best way to study and train for chess? What is of the utmost importance in the preparation for- competitions? What information, gained from chess literature, is of real value and improves skill, and what is comparatively useless? Any player seeking to improve his performance has to face these problems; he must realize his short- comings and find the most effective means to eliminate them, The first stage of a chessplayer’s education is a study of the rules of the game and practical acquaintance with the basies of chess tacties and strategy. Further improvement depends on a player's ability to absorb and comprehend new information, in order to use it effectively in the game. Which part of chess wisdom should be mastered first of all, and in what manner? Using our experience, we can’ suppose that a deep understanding of but one strategic problem is preferable to superficial acquaintance with many such problems This book is devoted to one of the most important strategic problems of the middlegame — playing in various typical positions with an isolated queen pawn. The complexity of dealing with such positions usually arises from the necessity to determine whether the olated pawn is an advantage or a deficiency. The strength of an isolated pawn in dynamics and its weakness in statics are illustrated by more then two hundred carefully selected and annotated games of reknowned chessplayers. Careful study of these examples will provide readers with solid theoretical knowledge which may be of great value in their own practice: A. Beliavsky S International GrandmasterCODE SYSTEM White stands slightly better Black stands slightly better White stands better Black stands better White has a decisive advantage Black has a decisive advantage balanced position unclear position good move excellent move bad move blunder interesting move dubious move only move intending to attack counter play checkmate weak pointTHE MAIN PRINCIPLES OF TYPICAL MIDDLEGAME POSITIONS WITH THE ISOLATED D-PAWN { A player with an tolated pawn ought to strive for an advantage in the efficient deployment of bis piecor and coardination of their attacking actions The attacking player oughi fo make the most of his superiar development in order i to concentrate hiv lever oe the pete sector af the a mament. A player with an isolated pawn usually strives to altach, avaiding simplifieations # possible. Opening the game usually favours the player who enjoys superiority in The robin of his pce ] | Me wecteens of an siolated pane i wally fol im simple, cool postions Tacking sich combinatorial porssbibitios g | a aan wher ofa let ol bacase of single fare move, bil because fe locks a well tip oul eis plaIntroduction Staatlied Wildlegame positions with the isolated d-pawn are characterizect hy te nest pawn structure (maybe with a change of the pieces ewlour)) Development of events in suc of pawn structure:Standard positions with the isolated d-pawn can appear in different variants of the popular openings: Queen's Gambit, Tarrash Defence: 1,Ad2-d4 Ad7-d5 2.4c2-c4 Ae7-e6 3, Ab1- 03 Ac7-c5 4.8405 Be6:d5 5.Dg1-13 Dbs-c6 6. Ag2-g3 Dgs-£6 7..0f1-g2 Lts- e7 8.0-0 0-0 9, Ad4:c5 Ae7:c5 Queen's Gambit, Tarrash Defence Im- proved: 1,Ad2-c4 Ad7-d5 2. Ae2-c4 Ae7- 06 3,Ab1-c3 Dgs{6 4.Ag1-(3 Ac?-c5 5. Aedidd A16:d5 6. Ae2-e3 Db8-c6 7..211- d3 Ac5id4 8,Ae3:04 , Queen's Gambit, Orthodox Defence: 1. Ad2-d4 Ad7-d5 2. Ac2-c4 Ae7-e6 3. Ab 1- cd De8-16 4.8cl-g5 Bi8-7 5, Dgl-f3 0-0 6.Ac2-e3 Db8-d7 7.Hf1-d3 Ads:e4 8..2d3:c4 Be7-c5 9,0-0 Acd:d4 10.8e3:04 Queen's Gambit, Capablanca System: 1,Ad2-d4 Ad7-d5 2.402-c4 Ae7-e6 3, 2b 1- c3 Dgs-6 4.8c1-g5 Bfa-e7 5.0g1-f3 0-0 6.A¢2-e3 Dbs8-d7 7.Atal-cl Ae7-cé B.2f1-d3 AdS:c4 9. &d3:c4 Ale-d5 10.8g5:e7 WadB:e7 11.0-0 Ad5:c3 12.Bete3 Ac6-e5 13.Wdi-c2 Aes:a4 14. Ae3:d4Queen’s Gambit Accepted: 1.Ad2-d4 Ad7-d5 2.Ac2-e4 Ad5:c4 3.Dg1-£3 Dgs- 16 4.h¢2-e3 Ae7-e6 5.8fl:c4 Ae7-c5 6.0-0 @b8-c6 7, Widl-e2 Ac5:d4 8, 2f1-d1 18-07 9. Ae3:d4 or 1.Ad2-d4 Ad7-d5 2,4c2-c4 Ad5:c4 3.Qb1-c3 Ae7-e5 4.4e2-e3 Aebd:d4 5.Aed:d4 Nimzovitch Defence: 1.Ad2-d4 2\g8-f6 2, Ac2-c4 Ae7-e6 3.b1-c3 &£8-b4 4 Ae2- 3 0-05. £f1-d3 Ad7-d5 6.9 g1-£3 Ac7-c5 7.0-0 ‘Ab8-c6 8.Aa2-a3 Ac5:d4 9.AcS:d4 Added 10.8d3:c4.. . Sicilian Defence: 1.8c2-c4 &e7-c5 2. A02-03 Ad?-d5 3. Aed:ds Was:d5 4, Ad2- d4 Ac7-c6 5.Qgi13 OQgs-16 6.2f1-a3 Ai8-e7 7.0-0 0-0 8,Wdl-e2 Acs:a4 g.Ac3:d4 . 10Caro-Kann Defence: 1.Ac2-04 Ac7-c6 2.Ad2-d4 Ad7-d5 3, Ae4:d5 Acé:d5 4, Ac2- c4 Ac7-<6 5.Ab1-c3 Dgs-f6 6,Ag1-f3 &f8-c7 7.Ac4:d5 Afe:ds French Defence: 1.4¢2-c4 Ac7-c6 2,Ad2-d4 Ad7-d5 3.@b1-d2 Ac7-c5 4.A\c4:d5 Ac6:d5 5.2f1-b5+ Db8-c6 6. Agl- £3 Bf8-d6 7.Ad4:05 @d6:c5 Russian Game: 1.fc2-e4 Ae7-e5 2.9g1-{8 Og8-16 3.0f38:e5 Ad7-d6 4.9e5-f3 Dt6:e4 5.Ad2-d4 Adb-d5 6.£f1-d3 2f8-e7 7.0-0 Db8-c6 8,Hf1-e1 fe8-g4 9.Ac2-c4 He4-16 10.Ad1-c3 0-0 11.Ac4:d5 D645 Italian Game:1.Ac2-c4 Ac7-c5 2.Dg1-[3 Abs-c6 3, &fl-c4 Bf8-c5 4.Ac2-c3 Dgs- f6 5,Ad2-d4 Ae5:d4 6,8c3:d4 Oc5-b4+ 7.fcl-d2 Sb4:d2+ 8.Qbl:d2 Ad7-d5 9,8e4:d5 Ate:d5Subject: An attack on the king with an advance of the f-pawn No.1 Botvinnik — Vidmar Nottingham, 1936 A e All examples on the subject of realization of pawn advance Af2-f4- {5 have a common consistency: as a rule the black knight on the queenside doesn't control the cS and d4 squares, and While can play ‘e5 with the following &f2-f4-£5, if the white rook occupies the fl square. While combines chances to attack with the possibility of trans- ferring his queen to the kingside and extending the sphere of in- fluence of the rook at fl and the bishop at b3 1. Was-h3t 2c6-d5 2. Medd Dp4a:d5? A mistake giving White a chance Lo Inelude the rook at f1 into play after opening the [file 2...0fd5 3,81 12 Ec8, would have been stronger giving White only a slight advan- tage. 3. Af2-f4! Now Black carmot prevent opening the f-file Seite. Ea8-c8 If S...Ag6. then 4.2h6 Bes 5.Qat +. After 3...De4 4.0171 &f7 (4...2:f7 5. Wie6+-) 5, Edel !+- 4. Sf4-£5 Ac6i5? Evidently this was a decisive mis- take, 4..,.Wd6 58:06 Aie6 6, Dc4 We6 7.2 fel + was more persistent 5. Hr1:f5. Was-d6 1f5,..He7, then 6.Hdfi Mb6 (6... 8a6 7.Of7 B47 88:05 Ards 9.017 figs 10.Wee! +) 7.Wh4 Dbds M67 W7 9.2:d5 O:d5 10. 2:47 Sig5 11, Wigs +-An attack on the king with an advance of the f-pawn 6. Des:E7! 7. Sg5:f6 Hfe:f7 Be7f6 7.46 8.216 2:16 9.Wies+ +- 8. Hf5:d5 Wd6-c6 9. Ha5-d6 We6-e8 10. 2a6-d7 Black resigned. No.2 Botvinnik — Tolush Moscow, 1965 | aaa WJ), UB t Yh, Wy Ye GYugee | White has the advantage of two bishops. After Ah7-h6 Black threatens to force the bishop out of its active position at g5. White strives to use a temporary activity advantage to seize the initiative 1, Af2-f4t Ab7-h6 2, Afa-15! Ae6f5 3. 2g5:f6 Was:f6 4, 2r185 Dg6-4? 4... We6!? 5,Ad5 (5, Bri? +) Webs 6.8h1 +. Advantage is transferred; White exchanged one bishop for pressure on the {7 pawn and creat- ed an advanced d-pawn, 5. Es:f6 fads 6. “16:7! \a3:b2 6.297 7.2.03 +- 7. HE7:£8++ Sg8:f8 8, Sdi-fi+ {8-08 9. 2c4-e6+ Mas-d8 10. Ad4-d5 2b7-c8 11. Sf1-£7 Rebies 12. Ad5:e6 Nas-a6 13. 47:47 Hd6:e6 14, Dg7:a7 Ab2-43 15. Sh2-h3 Da3-14 16. Ha7-a4 Di4-e2+ 17, Desiez HeG:ez 18, Ha4-a7+- In a rook ending White has a great advantage and wins in a few moves ' 13An attack an the king with an advance of the f-pawn No.3 Lerner — Kharitonov Lvov, 1984 Black has finished his development and has reliable control over the d5 square. However the possibility of pawn manocuvre Af2-f4-f5 gives White better chances 1. Af2-fa! Qba-d5 2. Afaf5 Was-d6 Black shouldn't continue Ae6:f5, because it activates the f1 rook and White's lightsquare bishop. Therefore he tries to keep the 6 square. 3. Re3-g5!+ White increases pressure on Black's position. It's not easy to find a salisfactory plan of defence for Black. In some variations the weak- ness of the a6 pawn is felt. Black ‘airives to decrease White's pressure hy exchanging minor picces Su ..e Dab:e3 4 Bfes deserved attention, White 4 could continue 4.2d3 (> Hg3) and 4...\b4 5.5 W:d4+ 6.@h1 leading to an unclear position,. 4. Ab2:c3 M6-64 5. Lgsie7 Wad6:e7 6. We2-g4 White's pressure doesn't decrease and Black is forced to make posi- tional concessions. B35 Dea-£6 6... Die3? 7, AL6 +- 7. Wga-na Ac6:f5 8. Wha:f5 WY, eas as tuts wos Black cannot neutralize White's strong pressure on the kingside B. wee Qb7-04 9. WE5-g5 Bes-g6 10. Bf1-£3! 10.4:g621 Abig6 11.Wig6 West 12,1 Wes 13. 0:f6 Wica= gives White nothing. 10.... We7-c7 11. 3f3-h3 Hfe6-c8 12. 2c4-b3 eeeAn attack on the king with an advance of the f-pawn Intending 13.:g6. DB: 304 Besie5 13. Wg5:e5 We7-a7 14, Eh3-e3 Eas-e8 15. We5-fa Bes-c8 16, Mdi-e1 Ab6-b5, 17. Aaa:bs Sa6:bS 18. Ah2-h3 Wa7-c6 19. Wi4-£3 We6-b6 20. Res-e5 Ab5-b4a 21. Wi3-e3 4&n7-h6 22. &c3-c4 bg8-h7 23. Ac4-c5 Black resigned, No.4 Neverov — Maksimenko Kherson, 1989 While has a clear advantage in development. Breaktrough in the centre 1.Ad5 gives White nothing Special. For example: 1,..f:d5 2.0:d5 D:d5.3.8:d5 2:5 4.D:95 W:g5 5.2:b7 Hps= 1, Df3-e5! d7-c6 If 1..,0-0, then 2.Wf3 with the following Wh3 and &c2 gives White a dangerous attack. 2. Af2-f4t White wants to eliminate the ¢6 pawn, which will increase the scope of the bishop at b3 and open the f- file for his rooks. Later on the {7 square will need unflagging at- tention Beoves 0-0 3. Afa-f5 Ac6f5 4, Rets+ 16-45 Black tries to reduce White's pres- sure by the exchanges 5. 2g5:e7 Wd8:e7 6. Wal-a3 Mas-d8 7. Hal-f1 All White's pieces take part in this play. Tigterars Af7-£6 8. Ef5-h5! Ag7-g5 9. Ded-g4 Das-d7 10, Ah2-ha! AgS:h4a "15An attack oa the king with an advance of the f-pawn 11. \ya-c3 The lethal pin Efs-48 Ik... 42. 011-15 wo & Black resigned No.5 Spassky — Nickolaevsky Kharkov, 1963 Vow should While continue? 1. Aga-ta1 db Considering that Black has played his pawn to b6, and plans to switeh the bishop from c6 (o b7, White has to advance his f-pawn in order to gain maximal advantage 16-45 Be716 2,,.Ag6 deserved altention, preven ting pawn advance £4-£5. 3. De3-e4 S.c8-b7 4. Afa-f5! Ac6:f5 5. Df1:f5 Dd5:e3 6. Des:f6+! 6.W:e37! O:e5 7, Bies Bd = Beets Ag7:16 7. We2:e3 Af6:e5 8. Wes:e5+- Ab7-h6 9, H1s-£6 &g8-h7 9,.,Ad5 10.Wg34+ Ph7 11. 2d3++ or 9, 8d5 10.8:h6 Are 11.8 ¢e3+ S17 12. 0h7+ +- 10. dl-f1An attack on tha king by rook transfer along the third (sixth) rank 1015+ Sg7 11. 2:67+ + is pos wile. pt {b7-d5 11.We5-£5+ &h7-g8 12. Wi5-g4+ bg8-h7 Subject: 13. Hi6:he+ Black resigned because of Lhe pos- sible 13..4:h6 14.85 with the threat 15, 2h5#. An attack on the king by rook transfer along the third (sixth) rank. No.6 Keene — Miles Hastings, 1975-76 GRY White strives to organize a piece attack on the kingside. 1. Eel-e3! Ag7-g6 te 1... Ag4, then 2.8:e7 Aze3 B.B:n74! +-. 2, Hes-g3 Ma8-c8?! Black should have played 2... Dc6! B.0n6 Wedd 4.Widd Qidd 59:68 W:f8, stopping White's attack with minimal losses 3. Ogs-he Ofs-e8 4. Aa2as Dba-c6 Y yg?! GY Lee OAT a 5. De5:g6! Ah7:g6 6. Qb1:g6 Af7:g6 If 6..8d6, then 7.0:f7+ $17 8.2g7+ bia 9.Wis +-: If 6... Of8, then 7, 202+ Gh 8. &:18 S:rs 9.Wa2 Ags 10.Mn3+ Be7 11. Bn7+! 16 12.Ad5 +-. 7. Wal-b1 \c6-e5 8. Ad4:e5 {6-04 9. Dc: Sg8-h7 10, Ne4-£6+ 26746 11. Woi:g6+ Sh7-h8 12. 2h6-g7+ 26:87 13. Wge:g7#An attack on the King by rook transfer along the third (sixth) rank No.7 Furman — Keres Mascow, 1955 Black has reliable control over the blockade square d5, but White can reinforce his position by attaching heavy pieces to the attack on the kingside. 1. Bai-d3 The rook is transferred lo h3 or g3 (o lake part in the attack on the kingside lee Was-d6 Black couldn't prevent the rook's transfer by 1...Qb4 2.Bg3 Wed4 because of 3.4:f7! G:f7 (3... 27 4.WieG Dd5 5.Hd1 +) 4.W:c6 and White has a dangerous attack, for example: 4...@e8 5,2td1 Wb6 6, Lc3 We7 7.U:g7 + 2. Mal-di Lf8-d8 3, fa3-na Ag?-g6 Wo hes 44d5 A:d5 (4...0:d5 ORG AdG 6.04 +-) 5.8c2 + if An6 6.216 £:f6 7,\Wd3 Ag6 8. Aga Ah5 9.0:h5 A:h5 10.Wh7+ &f8 11.Qb6 Wee 12.F1 with the idea 13.Hel +-: or 4.Wd31? > Wg3-h4 deserved attention too 4. Qg5-cl The bishop returns to its initial position to let the queen forward, but this plan loses tempo in com- parison with 4.Wd3!? > Wg3-h4 + be aos MaB-cB 5. We2-d2 216-h5 Black should play 5...2f8 6.35 £7 (6..,Wb4 7, 2:45 D:d5 8, 0:17! @:f7 9.B:h7+ 2g7 10.Wes Bes 11,£h6 +-) 7.Wh4 De7 (7...0n5 8.De4 We7 9.D¢5! Af 10.A:c6 Bic6 11, De4 +) 8.Ag4 Sf8 9,895 eg8 with some chances to defend his position. 6. 2ha:hd Ag6:h5 7. Des-e4 Wa6-b4 8. Wd2-d3 Ab5-h4 Hampering 9.Wg3, 9. De4-g5 Me7:g5An attack on the king by rook transfer along the third (sixth) rank 10, sLe1:g6 Af7-16 11, Lb3:d5 Re6:d5 if 11..B:d5?, then 12.8:f6 @:a4 13,Whs! Hees 14.8:e5 Od) 15.W:e6+ GiB 16.2d6+ +- 12. 2¢5:£6 fas-£8 And now after 13.4g4 Black has nothing better than 13...2:£6 14.0:f6+ Sp7 15.4:05 A:d5 16. WES +- (16... Wed4? 17.Wg54) White has a decisive advantage. No.8 Benko — Filip Wijk aan Zee, 1971 1. Hai-a3! The main (dea of this move is to (ransfer the rook to g3 or h3 in order to attack the black king. Roig Oe8-d7 2. Has-g3 bgs-ns Another way of defence is: 2..,Ag6, but after 3.@h6 Ses will follow 4.An4 and 4...&h8 is impossible because the {7 pawn would be left unprotected d7-e8 3. Bg3-ng ae. “arate 3.,.Q.c317 4.A:c3 &e8 deserved attention, though here White has an advantage. 4, Qc3:d5t Ac6:d5 5. 2e4-dd &g7-g6 6. Scl-he 1fs-g8 7. Wal-er 2e7-48 8. 2n6-g5 Was-d6 9, We2-£3 218-07 10. Wfs-f4 Wad6-be 11, Hel-e3! +-An attack on the king by rook transfer along the third (sixth) rank Now all the heavy pieces have been transferred Lo the kingside. Bes An7-hS 12, \a4-a5t Wb6-d8 13, Ag2-g4 Ba8-c8 14. Aga:hS Bc8-cl+ 15, #gl-g2 Ag6:hS 16. Be3-g3! Black resigned, No.g Polugaevsky — Lutikov Sverdlovsk, 1958 EY, Le is A MY, UN, WE Blwek has reliable control over the d5 point. The main defect of Black's position [s the location of the bishop al e8, which breaks the coordination of Black's pieces. The passive position of Black's pieces allows White to begin an attack on the kingside by lransferring the rook to g3 or ha. 1, Rdi-ast Ma8-c8 1f1,..Db4, then 2: Mp3 and 2... Wed is impossible because of 3.2h6 + 20 2. ERas-gs bg8-h8 3. Lel-g5 Dd5-ba 4. Hal-di Se8-c7 If 4.4052, then 50:5 D:d5 6.8:d5 2:g5 7.:b7 +. After 4,,,0g871 5, £:e7 Wre7 6, Ads! &:d5 7.£:d5 White has a strong attack, 5. Bgs-ha Ag?7-g6? 5... Mfd5 was bad because of 6.Wh5, 5.,.£c6I? would have been better, for cxample 6.We3 (6. &:c6 is un- sufficient in view of 6,..A:c6 7.ag6+ g8 8,Wic6+ HE7) 6... Ag8 7.864 a 6. We2-£3 Ets-gs 7. Des-e4 DE6-hS 7.2042 8.E:h7+ b:h7 9, h3+ &g7 10.Whe 4. 8. WEs:f7!+- A decisive attack. After 8...8:f7 follows 9.2:17+ &g7 10,A:d8 +- ae fe8-c6 9. WH7:e6 2gs-g7 10, Ad4-45, &c6-d7 11, Sg5:e7 Eg7:e7An attack on the king by rook transfer along the third (sixth) rank 12, We6-d6 Wd8-e8 13, De4-£6 DnB:i6 14.Wd6:f6+ He7-g7 15. 4d5-d6 White won, No.10 Botvinnik — Flohr Groningen, 1946 1, Hel-e3t White transfers his rool to the kingside, where it puts strong pres- sure on the black king’s castling position — this is typical for such situations Be cetot Db4-a5 1...2c6?! 2.0n3 Wedd 3.2:h7 + Dik? 4.Whs +-. 2. He3-n3 Ag7-g6 2...An6? 3.8:h6! Azh6 4. War +- 3. Qcl-hert After 8.Wd2! Des 4.941 Asc?) (4.98%) 5.M:e4 £8 6. D:£7! G67 7.2:h7+ .0g7 8.Whne Wie 9.825 Wid 10,Wsg6+ BAS 11.8h6 4- White's attack becomes dangerous, Bi ah irs-e8 4. Wa1-d2 Has-c8 5. Lbl-d3 Aa7-a6 6. Hal-et Ab6-b5 Black slarls an allack on the c3 and d4 squares, and believes in the strength of his defensive bastions: 7. Uhs-g3 Intending 8.8:g6 Ah:g6 9, B:g6+ Afgé 10.Wg5 +-. Bi seys 6-h50 8. Eg3-h3 8.0: 26? Ah:g6 9. B.g6+ A:g6 10, Wc2 Ddf4 -+ br die DnS-£6 9. Od3-b1 ‘ * 21An attack on the king by rook transfer along the third (sixth) rank Wiille doesn't accept a draw and freferes Ia develop his attack. Bois os Ee8-c7 10, Rh3-g3 Ate-hS 11. Bg3-n3 Dn5-£6 12, Wd2-e2 DaB:e3 13, Ab2:3 Sb5-b4 14. Dh3-g3 Eev:e3 15, De5:f7 Was-d5 16. DF7-e5? 16.Bg5 Wed 17,.2:g6! A:g6 18,2 :g6+ S:F7 19.2g7+ ws 20.0g3+ = should lead to draw. 144.0. Hes:g3 17, Af2:g3 Wa5:da+ 18. gi-h1 fe7-d6 19. Jn6-f4 And now 19,,.Od5! 20.2%d1 West Ina to Black's advantage a No.1] Karpov — Yusupov London, 1989 8-th game White's pieces are mobilized, the bishop at b8 shows special activity, it controls the d5 square and covers the {7 pawn, The rook can move from 8 to g3 and cause trouble for the black king, How should White continue? 1, Df8-e5! ‘46-457! The knight keeps a strategically important point at d5 and blocks the scope of the bishop at b3, but moves away from the castling po- sition. White exploits this im- mediately Black should have strived for an exchange of the lightsquare bi- shops! 1...2e6 2. 8:e6 A:e6 3. g3! (3.Wosi7 Wedd 4. Wee6+ Gh7An attack on the king by rook transfer along the third (sixth) rank 6 Wis+) and take som@ pains to equalize the position completely. 2. Ee3-g3 Aiming at the black king, no doubt ae Lc8-15 If 2.,,.2c6, then 3.Wd2 £5 4..2:45 A:d5 5. Wet &c4 6.AfS Qh? 7. Wed Ags 8. Af4 Bf6 9.8:g5 Ah:g5 10,h4 “, 3. Wal-h5 B£5-h7 4. Whs-g4 fold White has an advantage, his attack on the kingside develops swiftly cai Ag?-g5 4...Ag67! 5, Aha, 5. Ah2-ha 817-46 6. Shargs &h6:g5. 6,.Afigs 7.Afa+. 7. Af2-fa HaB-e8 If 7... 8h8, then 8.8:g5 A:e5 9. 8g6 Wg6 10.W:g6 2:66 11.0:g6 4:40 12, ttea Ir7 13.8:d5 A:d5 14.Bn4a+ Mh7 15. B:d4~ 8. Afaig5! Af6:e5 Tf 8...215, then 9.A:f6+! &:g4 10.0:g4+ @he 11.0f7+ Bs7 12,B:¢8+ Hrs 13.Af7 @f6 14. 8 Wits 15, Og8+ +-. 9. 4Sg5-g6 2h7:g6 10. Ad4:e5 Wad6-e6 11, 2b3:d5 Ac6:d5 12. Wg4:g6+ Wee:g6 13, Ig3:g6+ bgs-h7 14. 2g6-a6 Hes-c8 15. Kel-e3 Hes-c2 16. Ha6-d7+ bh7-g6 17. Ha7:b7 Efs-e8 18. Aa2-a3 And White soon wins, 23Subject; An attack on the king with a transfer of the queen to the kingside. No.12 Kavalek — Pritchett Haifa, 1976 & This position should be estimated 4s favourable for While because of @ posstble transfer of the white queen to the kingside, where it will exert Strong pressure on the black King’s position, 1. Wa1-d3! d7-06 2. Was-h3! Was-d6 3. fol-g5 tate It was played with the threat of 4 A.d5 and 5,216. Sas Ag7-g6 3... Ab6? 4, M:h6t+ 4. Sbli-a2t ‘The bishop's move solves two prob- lems: clearing a way for the rook al 24 al, striving to support White's attack, and establishing control over the important central d5 square along the diagonal a2-g8. 4... Tfs-as8 5. Zal-di fe6-e8 6. 3di-as WY ' a AU 7 a White threatens to double heavy pieces on the h-file by 7.Wh4 and 8.£n3. Be aH Dadbie3 7. Ab2ies 26-45 7...Wia3? 8.8:e6! A:e6 9. W:e6+ g7 10, 4c4 +-. 8. Ra2:dd Re7:g5 8..,8:05 9.D67) 7 10.827 + 9. 245:b7 Has-bs 10. Yh3-f3 Wad6-c7 11. 2b7-c6 Af7-16 12. Bc6:e8 Af6:e5An attack on the king with a transfer of the queen to the kingside 13. Wia-g4 We7-e4 Ii Ws better to play 13... B:e8+, 14, Le8:g6 Ah7:g6 15. Rd3-g3 Og5-fa 16. Wg4:g6+ Wnwk resigned No.13 Velimirovic — Rukavina Novi Sad, 1975 The black king’s position is slightly weakened by the move Ag7-g6. This. creates. prerequisites for an allack on the king, 1. Des-e4 2. Sa2-as Wd6-c7 Mis important to gain control over the b4 square, thus limiting the mobility of black knights. &c8-d7 3. We2-d2t! This is a brilliant decision! The queen is transferred to the king- side, and with the support of minor pieces, will exert heavy pressure on the black king Sty Ars-e8 4, Wad2-he fe7-£8 5. Whe-ha De6-e7 In reply to 5,...8g7, 6.@c4! Dce7 7.De5 O:e5 8.Aes Wes 98:45 D:d5 10. 4g5 + will follow 6. De4-g5 7. Dg5-h3 8. )f3-e5+- Ah7-h6 &g8-h7 White has a decisive advantage 25An attack on the king with a transfer of the queen to the kingside No.14 Gavrikov — Hulak Moscow, 1990 g WSs lo The white queen on the kingside with the support of other pieces can put heavy pressure on the position of the black king, It should be noted that while Black has no control over the blockade d5 square, While has the possibility of a breakthrough in the centre. Ba?-c7 Di6-08 1. Wes-g3 2, Gcl-he By retreat of the knight to the last rank, the control of the point d5 is lost, and this is immediately used by White. Another retreat of the knight, for example 2... \h5?! 3.Wg4 AG 4.f:e6+ Bhs 5.8:08 Ares 6 Wiens Wies 7.Adst Ache 8.Ad6 A:d6 9.:d6+, also led to White's advantage 3. Ad4-d5 26 3. .-- He7:c4 Black's atlempl to intereept an initiative in complications is ground- less and doomed, for example S..,0h4 4.Are6 Wrdll (4,..t:e6 5.H:d8 0:63 6.Ahig3 2:04 7. £63 +) 5,B:d1 &:93 6.A¢7+ one (6... 26:07 7.8:674 E67 8.0.67 B17 9.Ah:g3 Ach6 10.208 &e6 11.Hb8 +) 7.Ab:g3 O16 §.8c3 He7 9.AM Ac6 10,:b6 2:04 11,8c5! 4; 3... £d61? 4, 8:6 Bic6 5. 8:e6 A:e6 6.Act L:c5 7,Wicd We? + (Gavri- kov), 4. Des:c4 Le7-na 5. Wg3-bs Ag7:he 6, Dc4a:b6 Wa8-c7 6...Wd6 7,4:d6 A:d6 8. Bd4 cr 9.2g41 Bgs 10.Hci Afs 11.B:g51 Aig5 12.2:c2 + (Gavrikov), 7. Wh8:c7 DeBic7 8, Hai-d4 Db4-c2 9, Ha4-g4+ = Oh4-g5 10. Zal-cl 347-45J An attack on the king with a transfer of the queen to the kingside WO Mila 11.Ad6 Ad5 12. Ac:05 1. Wads-h3! iets 15.WA Aci 14.474 Shs 16 Db:c8 +- White's pieces are airned at attack- 11. Sga:g5+ AhG:g5 ing Black's king, and a transfer of 13. Soe ree the queen to the kingside makes 13. Ad5-d6 De7-a8 their attack very dangerous, Black 14. Ab6-c4 f8-c8 should reduce White’s attack po- 15, He2-d2 bg8-¢7 tential by exchanging pieces, 16. Ag2-g3 Ags-g4 fc 17. @g1-f1 we7-16 his Loh + ces ae The knight at a5 should be brought y a ae ine te into play by 1... Qc6!? 2.05 Dida ae = a eae 3.Badl Oic2 4.0h:d8 Mids, Now coe ba ae equal play is caused by 5. D:f7 &: Re vg. moe-o8 6.Wic6+ We 7.Wee7 Mes 8.0. ee peace Bie7 9.Bie7 Ast6 10.2:b7 @:a3 = 25. \c4-e5 Tes-d8 26. De5:d7+ 48:47 a7 vbde0s 2. ear es ia7-a6 3. Eal-di! d4-c5, Wack resigned. 4, Whs-hat+ No.15 Kramling P. — Jackson 1987 Bowes Di6e-d5 5. Des-47 Re7:g5 6, Wha:gs We5-e7 7. Maras oa 27Afi @ittack on the king with a transfer of the queen to the kingside Simple continuation of 7.W:c7 @:c7 8,Q:f8+ is enough for success. Wit Ge Af7-£6 8. Wg5-42 Dab-c4 9, Wedd 288-17 10. Wd4-a7 Ae6:d5 11. Hetze7 EE7ie7 12.047:16+ &g8-£7 13. Ah2-h3 White has realized his advantage. No.16 Diugi — ou Moscow, 1989 Black was careless enough Lo play @a5 and cause temporary de- eentralization. 1, Df3-e5 Da8-c8 Intending 2... Ac4 2, tal-as Wa8-c7 Nluck consistently realizes the idea wavolving cd. 2...Qec6 is better, though after 8. Af4 White's position is preferable 3. Qe3-g6 By continuing 3..2f4! White should pul Black into a hot siluation, The unpleasant 4.2g4 threatens. If 3... a8, then 4.85 Ag6 0 5..2h6 Bes 6.Wh3! (creating an unplea sant threat 7.;171) 6...Wd6 7. Baa co 8.Hb5 Wds 9.467! B17 10.263 +- BO ces Ag7-66 4. Was-h3 f6-45 5. Og5-he Dd5ied 6. On6:f8 27:8 7. Bb2:e3 We7:e3 8, Re2-d3 Wes:d4 8...Ob3!? 9.Badi A:d4 10.0:86 Wehs (10...Abig6!? 11, Wes H:ca 12.B:d4 Od5 *) 11,8:17+ Sg7 12.A:h3 cs 4, 8...807!? was interesting, streng- thening the {7 square 9. Des:f7! bg8:f7An attack on the king with a transfer of the queen to the kingside 10. Mai-d1 Waa-t6 11.Wh3:h7+ = £8-27 12.0d3:g6+ 8£7-e7 13. 96-15 2c8-c6 14, Kel-e3 WE6-h6 15. Wh7-g8 {g7-f8 16, 2f5-e4 17. £.04-g6 Mack resigned No,17 Khasin — Smit Corr., 1978-80 1. Wdl-d3! Intending 2.4d5 A:d5 3.8g5 Ags 4Bse7 +-. Biss: ais 4Ag7-g60 2. Rel-hé Dfs-e8 3, Hal-di ‘J Black feels some unpleasant pres- sure from the white pieces in the centre and on the kingside e718 Hii aay 4. Oh6-g5 218-07 5. &c2-b3! The bishop is more useful on the diagonal a2-g8. 6.2.16 &:£6 7.Ad5! threatens. Bea ve 6-45 WY 6, De3-ea! D7.@:d5 A:ds 8. 96+ 0:f6 9.B:e8+ Wre8 10.2:16 +; or 6,.2:d51? B:g5 7.M:06 B:c6 8,AdS A:d5 9.8:c8+ G:c8 10.4):g5 Wigs 11.Wd4! ce + (Velimirovic — Béhm, Amsterdam, 1976) Be eee Le7:g5 7. D{3ig5 &h7-hé 8. Wds-13!+ Ah6:g5 9. 2b3:d5 Af7-45 10. 2d5:e6+! He8:e6 11. Wf3-b3 Af5re4 12. Wb3:e6+ Sg8-g7 13,WeG:e4+- Wd 8-16 14, Ad4-d5 Des-d8 15. Zal-d3 Ags-g4 16. Wea:ga \d8-£7 17, Da3-£3 Lb7-c8 29An attack on the king with a transfer of the queen to the kingside 14, Rise Week resigned) For example, 1H, Riga 19.24 Ohs 20. Ena, > Awa No.18 Lobron — Djuric Adelaida, 1986-87 The unprotected Black kingside strikes the eye and forces White to seareh for active continuations 1, Df3-<5! Ignoring the threat of capture on 3, for example 1...@:037 2,A:c3 Wes 3.Has! We7 4.R:n7+ O:h7 5,Wns+ gs 6.Bn3 +- Ig ns Af7-£6 If 1.,,d7, then after 2,.2a3! Ate 3.Qe4 Dbd5 4.2h3 White will succeed itr transferring the rook to Iie kingside, and in such positions ll {ves the possibility of a strong attack 80 2. We2-h5 At6-£5 White's activity on the kingside brought its fruit. Black has wea- kened his pawn disposition while defending from the growing White threats, Now White is transferring his attack (o (he centre, where Black is weak. 3. De3s:d5 4. &bl-a2! Qba:d5 Black's position holds on the strong d5 knight, therefore il is important to gain control over it. Bevan We7-c2 He has played to sharpen the game. After 4.,.8d7?! White ob- tains great positional advantage by 5.O:d5! Ards 6.214 O46 7.dacl Was 8.Wis +. 5. Wh5-f3 We2rad 6. Sar:d5 Wad:al 7. 2d5-b3 Aa6-a5?!An attack on the king with a transfer of the queen to the kingside 7... Was 8.Ad5 Wh6 (8... ds 9.A:e6! Bidi+ 10.Wedl Weed 11.8d8+! +) oQf Qf6 10.4c4 Wbs 11.dd6 Wh6 12, A:c6+- was more persistent, 8. Lcl-f4 Wal:b2 9. Deb-c4 Wb2:b3 10. Wf3:b3 Soon White won. No, 19 Miles — Furman Bad Lautenberg, 1976 Black's advantage is defined by the following factors: White doesn't control the key square d4, his knight is poorly placed at a4, Black can activate play in the centre (after Ad5-d4) or on the kingside fe spe Ab7-b6! Limiting the mobility of the a4 knight. This is stronger than 1,.,Ad4 2.Ae4 (threatens 3.Af4), and if 2...Ag5. then 3.4c5. Now the threat of 2...Ad4 has increased, 2, Sgi-ni Preventing 2...Ad4 3,A:d4 Eid4 4,Bn7+ +, Bows. Wf6-ha! Threatens 3...@:d3 4, W:d3 Wad, and also 3...g4, and in the ease of 3, Re2 — 3., Adar 3. Ag2-gs Wna-te After 3,,.Wh3 While plays 4.4f3 with some possibilities of defence Xc6-hd 4. Af2-£3 White has lost exchange. 5. Od3-e2 If 5,Mf2, then 5...g4 -+, Be ses &h3:f1 6. Wal:f1 WE6-e6-+ D4ec4, and Black's material advantage is enough for a win. 7. Dad-c3 Des-c4 31Ae attack on the king with a transfer of the queen to the kingside 8. Aed-c4 Dea-d2 9. Ae4:d5 Mds:d5 10, Wi1-£2 Md5-d8 11. 2¢2-b5 We6-b3 12, SaS-a4 Wb3:b2 13. De3-02 Dd2-b3 14. Zel-c4 Db3-5 15. Wf2-e3 Aa7-a6 16. 25-6 Has-a2 White resigned. No.20 Dreevy — Dolmatoy New York, 1989 1. Afs-e5 ocr White offers lo sacrifice lhe d4 pawn, but it is dangerous to accept Mt because the c8 bishop is nol developed. 1.S.f41? was interesting too. 12, ib4 Wes 3,8:e7 Bes 4 Mer Wis 5..2a31 (5.Wde7! Abs ds Was and white has no Sompensation for a pawn) 5...8hs. 32 (5... Wd5?! 6.8c5 Wad7 7,8:16 4:16 8.We4+ Sts 9. 8bs Wd6 10, Wns =} 6.0:16 Widl 7.Be:d1 A:f6 8.Be7 + 2. Wdl-bs Ab7-b6 3. Ofl-e1 9.c8-b7 4, Wos-g3 3am Intending 5..2:h6. Ms aa O16-h5 5. Wgs13 @n5-46 6, Wi3-gs bg8-hs 7. Wes-ns 2a8-c8 8. 4e4-a3 ae ate ee ; While refuses, lempling 8.2:h6. Ane 9.Wh6+ Dh7 10.8d3 ALS 11, Agb+ Sgs 12.008 A:f8 and Black beats off White's attack, because the d& knight takes a dominant position, Bias He8:el 9. Helicl QAC-b7?! 9..,.@y8 was better, The knight's decentralization allows White to intensify pressure seriously. 10. Wh3-h5 Wd8-e8An attack on the king by the advance of the flank pawns 11. Wh5-h4 &£7-£52! By continuing 15.Wb3! with the following 16.@£3, White could force | Was necessary to defend without I : ‘Black into a hot position. weakening the pawn structure, for Phample, 11... 28 Wesu We8-d8 12. Wha-gs tices 16.De5-c6? = Ab7:c6 A e 17. Bel:c6 AfB-£4 13, An2-h4a Dh7-£8 A dds-e2 18. Wg3-g4 Wad8-d7 wd 19. He6-cl ‘D18-g6 White pieces dominate the board 20. Wg4-hs Dg6-e7 pompletely, Black has problems in 21.Wh5-e5 De?-g6 Iindling useful moves 22, We5-hS Dgs-e7 Her- AE.; @hs-g8 23, Whd-e5 ‘He7-g6 15, 22-3 “et A draw by repetition of moves: Subject: An attack on the king by the advance of the flank pawns. No.21 h-file by Ah4-hs and join the hi Belin — Markus rook in the attack Wijk aan Zee, 1976 .43-b1! Ha8-c8 ‘\f3-c5! “\c6-b4 2go-he! = f8-c8 £3 White pieces are aiming al Black's Kingside. White's delay in castling paves the way for an opening in theAni attnek OA the King by the advance of the flank pawns 4. Aha-nst he7-£8 4. ®ih8? 6. Bohs AshS 6.W:h5 +- 5. An5:g6 Af7:g6 5... Ah:g6? 6. We2! +- 6. Qn6-g5t4- ... White's advantage is obvious, his pressure has increased. Black has a weakened pawn structure on the kingside. Black is doomed to a gloomy defence. Bee Dba-d5 7. We2-t3 218-37 8. Wis-hs Wd8-e7 90-0 Dd5ie3 10. Ab2:c3 247-5 11, Bfl-c1 We7-c7 12. Bdl-c1 6-A7 13. DeB-g4 Ae6-05 14. )g4-h6+ Rg7:he 15. 2g5:h6 We7-d6 16. Wh3-g3 Wae-16 17. ibl-e4 2b5-c6 18. Led-d3 Re6-d5 19. 243-b5 fd5-c6 20. 2b5-c4+ bgs-hs 21. 4ca-b3 Ab7-b5 22. Gh6-e3 AcB-e4 23. Ad4-d5 2c6-b7 24. bes-da Da7-05 25. Helied Mlack resigned. 34 No.22 Rashkovsky — Mikhalchishin Kujbishey, 1986 By using some weakening in the blacks king's screen, White plays for an attack 1, &ed-d3 Sb4-e7 2. &43-bi Ba8-c8 3. Efi-e1 3.Aa3I7 Dd5 4.4:d5 A:d5iee (4... 0:n4? 5.Wd3 Age 6.064 Bc7 7.Bd5 ©; 4,..Wid5? 5.26! +). BS. wee Ers-e8 4. Sa2-a3 fae Introduction to an interesting pawn sacrifice @i tae Ate-a5 5. Sh4-g3 DaB:c3 6. Ab2:63 Le7:a3 7. Wa1-a3 Ag7-¢6 8. Eel-di niet‘An attack on the king by the advance of the flail WNWAE Aovattack “on the’ king by. the sdvanse ae W ‘Oy, WY White bas sacrificed a pawn, but he lian chances to attack the black king Bis he 2a3-£8 9. Ah2-h4 Wads-d5 itlack has repelled the threat Ah4- 8 by activating his queen. He {tends to organize counterplay in (he centre and on the queenside. 10. Acs-c4 Wa5-a5 11. Df3-e5 De6:e5 12. Met:e5 Wa5-a4 13. Ah4-h5 Waacca 14. Wda-d2 Ag6:h5 Mut not 14...Ag5 in view of 15.0:g5+ Aus 16.825 +-. 15. 2b1-d3 Wea-c3 16. Wd2-e2 We3-b3 17. We2:h5 248-7 Week parriced White's attack and thus gained material advantage No.23 Vadasz — Sapi Hungary, 1977 White is in no hurry to castle, he strives to join the rook in the attack on the b-file. The advanced position of the black g6 pawn is the base of the pawn storm and opening of the h-file after Ah2-h4-h5:g6. 1. &h2-h4! Aa?-aS 2. Ah4-hB &c8-a6 3. Wds-d2 Wd8-c7 3...0:h5? 4,£:e7! Wie7 5.Aga Die 6.Whe Drea 7.4g5 Dns 8.tono +. 4. Ahdig6 Af7g6 4. Abig6 5.2/4 > &e5 and Whe 35“A caimbined attack on the king Xe2-b3! Wd2-e3 Bb3:04 3-05 2g5-h6 10. Wea 63 11. 2.n6-f4 eaxroe Ac6-d8 Ba6-c4 We7:04 Wed-a6 Afs-e8 2e7-d6 White has. significant positional advantage because of weak pawns in Black's position, and the activily of his pieces attacking on the kingside, Subject: A combined attack on the king. No,24 Kuz'min — Smyslov Sochi, 1970 How should White continue? 1, Qc3:dbt Se6:d5 2, De5-c6! @Qb4:c6 3. Mea:ds es-ga 4, Wis:ga Was:d5 36 5. Bershe Ag7-g6 5... 21671 6. 0:67 Wg5 7. Wigs O95 8.218 +- 6. Ah5:g6 Be7-6 7. Eal-a3t+- White has a decisive advantage. Tae Srs-es8. asf 9, &g6:f7+4 Hes-e6 Black resigned. No.25, Timman — Geller Hilversum, 1973 es is x AND _ ie =iotite Y = som _ mar It is enough for White to castle, his material advantage will be realized gradually. But it is Black's turn. and he has to prevent White from castling and coordinating the ac tions of his pieces. Be ae D\bB-a6! Black prevents White's castling 2. Ob5:a6 2.Wc6 Wc 3.2. {4.Ab37! cs -+) Ebst 4.0-0 The only defence against 3...Hc8. Marte ots Wa6-c4 A combined attack on the king After 3...Wra3?! 4.4:a3 Obs 5.0-0 Eb2 6. Bal folloyed by Dd4 white has to draw the game 4. bel-d27! 4.We3 is better, though here Black has an advantage after 4...2b8. beets We4-ga! Suddenly it turned out that White has a weak kkingside. 5. Bni-gi Bow. Ad5-datt Black strains his forces to the limit and breaks through the strongest point of White's position. 6, fade After 6.4:d4, 6...Eb8 ts possible with numerous threats. 37‘A combined attack on the king Bess Wg4-he 7. Ugl-e1 wicerfa White could have defended the £2 pawn by 7.el, but Black gains the initiative after 7...Sc4. oe Wha:f2+ 8. Het-e2 Wi2-f1 9. Md4:06 Af7:€6 The exchange of minor pieces doesn't improve White's position. The white king can’t find a safe place neither on the queenside nor in the centre 10. Wa3s-d6 Defending against 10,..248. 10,2. @g8-h8 11. 43-04 Ma8-c8 12. @d2-e3 Res-£8 With the threat 13,,.Wyl+. 13, Le2-d2 Ac6-5. With the threat 14... Wh4+ 15. ed re. 14, Wa6:e5 Wil-e1+ 15. Nd2-02 Wel-gi+ 16, be3-d2 fs-48+ 17.d2-c3 Wel-di 18, We5-b5 Wal-da+ 19. be3-02 Sa7-a6 20. Wb5:a6 Waa-c5+ White resigned 38 No.26 Bagirov — Kruppa Lvov, 1984 White strives to create an attack on the kingside. He is aiming at the h6 pawn, Black strives to develop his pieces’ pressure on the e-file. The opponents are struggling for the initiative, White's threats look more formidable (han Black's. 1. Of3-e5 Hf8-c8 2. Uhi-h3 is On occasion White's rook is ready to join the attack on the g-file and takes part in the defence also. BP ttegs 2d7-c6 3. We2-c2 &c6-d5 4. Desd5t! ... While could begin an immediate attack 4.Q:h6! A:h6 5.2g3+ ets 6.We3 For example: 6...Dg8 7. Wea fie 8.figs+ b:g8 9.W:16+-, or 6... &:b3 7. WenG+ Bes 8.Whs+ &f89,W:f6 +- and White wins in any case Ae vee Db6:d5 4... DPd5? 5. Lie7 Die7 6.D:F71 + 5. We2-13 Se8-c7 6. Ag2-g4 @ Do Vee: poene Z There is no defence against the threats ®c1 and Ags. Sy tex Ha8-c8 7, Bg5-eL With precision till the end. 7.22? W.d2i-+ is mistaken. Disease Be7:el+ Black tries to sacrifice, but it only prolongs his agony. 8. Bal:er Aes:el+ 9. Sbi:c1 Wa5-el+ 10. &b3-d1 Re7-b4 11, WE3-c2 Wel:e2 12. &dl:e2 \a5-f4 13. 2h3-b3 Bb4-e1 14, 1b3:b7 Qel:f2 A combined attack on the king 15, 2e2-d1 Bf2:d4 16. Hb7-b8+ bga-h7 17. De5:£7 {6-45 18, 2di-c2+ Ag7-g6 19, 2b8-b7 @h7-g7 20, D£7-d8+ bg7-8 21,Dd8-c6 Black resigned. No.2? Steinitz — Bardcleben Hastings, 1895 Black just has to castle to achieve a solid position, but tt is White's iurn and he takes advantage of Black's delay in casiling. 1. Qe4:d5! feb:d5 Inferior is 1...8:85 2.8:e6 Are6 3.8b3+ 2. Aes:ds Was:d5 3. 2g5:e7 Deb:e7 4. Hfi-e1! The gist of White's plan is delaying the black king in the centre:A combined attack on the king ants Af7-£6 if 4.,.0Wd6, then 5.We2t, It ts enough 5,Wa4+ after 4.,,2d8. Wa5-a7 AcT-c6 5. Wdl-ez 6. Hal-cl Me oun i 1% After 6,,.f71? White can't be too carefull here: 7, Og5+ Ase 8, Why eS (8.06 9 Roz: 8, hen W:b7 Ws 10.2:07 Whb7 11 Bo p7eh) 9,Mest ys 1o,Wep7 Mes 11 Bas Wea 12:An3 Wie 13, Wert +, 7. Ad4-a5! eee ‘The white knight joins the altack afler the pawn sacrifice, Teiwey Ac6:d5 8. Df{3-da Threatens 9,15, Bi sas We8-£7 9. Ddd-e6 En8-c8 40 10. We2a-g4 11. Qe6-g5+ Ag7-66 B£7-08 Pind the best conttmuation for White. 12, Helie7+t! e8-£81 12, Wie? 18: Miche +-; or 12... 8:67 19, Mel+ WaG 14.Wb4+ ez 16 MeG+ Whe 16.Wra+ Bc7 AT ers 19. Me7-f7+1 wis-gs 14, 0f7-g7+1 &g8-h8 15.0g7:h7+ Wh8-g8 16.0h7-47+ &g8-h8 17.Wga-h4+ = Wh8:g7 18, Wh4-h7+ We7-18 19.Wh7-hB+ — WfB-07 20. Wh8-g7+ We7-e8 21, We7-g8+ be8-e7 22. Wg8-17+ ‘be7-48 23. WI7-18+ Wad7-e8 24. \g5-174 Wds-a7 25. Wts-d6HNo.28 Bronstein — Roizman Odessa, 1960 Bte:7 WaB-e8 1. Ags:f7! 2. We2-g6! 2... Ars? 3.8:h6 Hes 4 Webs +- 3. Bel-c6! 2e7-£8 4. Da2:d5! 6:45 4...Aid5 5.216 +-. 5. Heé:e6 Dd5-e7 A combined attack on the king 5...e7 6.2:h6 Bes 7.D:17 Wt7 8. Wet7+ Bi7 9.des +. 6. WgG:t7+ Wes:f7 7. DeSil7 Bg8:f7 8. He6:be White has a decisive advantage. No.29 Flohr — Lisitsyn Moscow, 1935 Black has a seriously weakened diagonal al-h8 due to the move Ag7-g6. Assessment of this posi- lion depends on the scope of Black's activity on the iingside. 1. Qci-b2 After 1.2:d5? &:g3! 2. D:f6+ (2.8.64 S:g4 3.0:16+ W:fe) WteF. le aes Ab7-h5 If 1... 8e6, then 2.@:d5+. 2. Ab2-h3t AlA combined attack on the king ‘The only move, threatened not only @. Aha hut 2...@:h2 3,H:n2 Anat. B... AbS-h4 @. PMie3? 3.A:e3 &:g3 bad because ot 4 Waa! 3. AhS:g4 Ah4:g3 4. Wal-d4! ¥ aus ry ae cee x78 ay Threatens 5,.,Wh4! 5B. Aga-g51+ Ags:f2+? 5...W:g5 would have been better 6.2e4 Whe 7,4:g3 Bed 8,Yd2 S:b2 9.Wb2+, 6. Mf1:f2 Bd6-05 6...W:g5? 7.He41 Whe 8.4:d6+- 7. Wda-nat Dd7-b6 8. Ag2-g3 The threat is 9.h2. fines At7-150 9. AgS:f6 Re5:f6 42 9,..0:f6 10.Hafl @g7 11.44! $55 10. Wh4-he 2£6-¢7 11. Wh6:g6 Die:£2 12. De8-e4! 12,:f271 Wi8+ and 13... 25 PO re Ave 42-472 More persistent was 12,,,We7 13.:f2 +-, which allowed Black to prolong resistance. 13. 2e4-g5+- Bf7-16 14, 2b2:f6 Was:f6 15.Wg6-h7+ 8-18 16. Dal-f1+- White won No.30 Farago — Velikov Budapest, 1984 a Y, man a Us ha White begins an unsurmounable attack, exploiting his development advantage and some lack ofprotection on the kingside and the {7 point 1, Af3-g5! DA7-£6 1,..Wg6? 2.4:g6 Ang 3.2e1, > Be? + 1...Ag6? 2.8:f7! Bt7 3.06 Dre 4.Wb3 We7 5.0:57+ W:f7 6.2.66 + 2. Bes-£3 Ag?7-g6 3. We2-b3 QE6-d5 3...We7? 4.9):17) Bit7 5. 8207+ Wt7 6.2.66 +- Wad6-ds Ae6:d5 4, Dgs-e4 5. &ea:d5 io ba 0 ae Y Z Z Boe WEG ie AB - ABE wong 6. De4-f6+! 'Yg8-g7 7. Wb3-e3 8n7-h5 8. We3-e5 bg7-he 9. Af6:hS 2e8-g4 10, We5-g7+ Bhe-g5 L0...@:hS 11.Wh7+ Sgs 12.4n4 # 11. ff3-g3 Black resigned A combined attack on the king No.31 Vaganian — Hiibner Tilburg, 1983 White's position is far more active, especially unpleasant is the pres- sure along the e-file 1, Wal-a3 gaits A difficult decision, bul 2.0f3-e5 would have been very unpleasant. 2. Wa3:f3 3. Dg5:e7 Di6-d5 3.B:e7 D:e7 4.He1 DAbcs 5.We2 Me8 6.0:7+ G7 7.Web+ SFB 8, Hed Qd6 9. B{3+ Dcf5! -+ wasn't sound as) Qd5:e7 4. Del-e5! Establishing control over the ¢-file and the d5 square Bas D\e7-g6A combined attack on the king 5. Me5-c4 Qb6-a7 6. Mat-d1 Was-a5 7. Med-e3! oi, Clearing the e4 square for the knight 7. ara s 2a8-d8 8. Des-e4! Wab-c7 Y Y; Ua Van Wry fly LO 7 EDV) 9. Ah2-hat Ab7-h6 9,.0:h4 10. Wh5 Og6 11 Bhd Abe 12, Wig +-. 10. Wi3-ga 11. Aha-hS 12, es-g3 13. AnS:g6 14, Kdl-o1 15, igs-e3 16, He4-c5 gobo Dge-ta We7-c8 17. Wga:ta eee Black resigned White has tm- plemented his plan of pressing on the e-file with an attack on the king. 44 No.32 Lputian — Balashov Erevan, 1986 1, Ah2-h3! Hampering development of the bishop at e& and threatening to put Hiaek Into 4 critical position after 2 Mees > Mev vas Preventing # threat, but the knight ie moved away from its king’s defence, 6-45 2. Reads: Was:45 2, Axt5 STe7#. 3, Mel-e5+ Was-d6 3),.Wraa7? a Maa +.. 4. Df3-g5 Ag?-e6 4. WG 5 Ws, 5, Dea-t3 A17-£6 5... WWd4 (5. 96 6. Mets Arts 7.4 g3 tne 8, this Wye 9. Wa Ars 10.A:n7 +) 6. Bea Ws 7.0:07 Mf7 8. Hea+ be7 9.Wes+ Wh6 10,Wes+ &g7 Ti Bt7+ Wet? 12.Me7 +-.Activity development. Exploiting weak flank paws) 6. We2-b3s+ &g8-g7 Subject: flank pawns. No,33 Gligoric — Portisch Pula, 1971 1. Aad-aB!? 1Ae5 2b7 2.Ba3 Eos 3.Aa5 (3.):05 W:d5 4. Bes Afs) Abs 4.e4 APS 5.c5 8:5 6.A:c5 Bich 7.3 7. THe5-e8! Aa7-a5 7, Mce8 8. 817+ One 9, Weon7+ Sig5 10.An4+ tga 11,W:g64+ dha 12.Ap3+ +- 8. He8ic8 8...BaicB 9.Wib7+ + Black resigned. Activity development. Exploiting weak Boc7 8,.8g5 and now after 8...Wes there js no compensation for the sacrificed pawn (Gligoric — Por- tseh, 1971) With the move |. Aa5 White at once begins a struggle for the strong c5 square, keeping the opportunity of playing Ded and A\c3-e4-g5, Hal- a3-g8 (Gligoric). 1, . Ac8-d7 1.,.A:a5 2.e5! and if 2.,.Rd7, then 3,2a3 and further as in the game. 2. Dfs-c5 3, Hal-a3! age Creating dangerous threats 4,@;d5 and after 4..,0:d5 will follow 5.0:h7+ G:h7 6.8h3+ gs 7, Wh = Ab6ra5 3 Ag Af7-150) 4. Des:d5 Mpa:dsS anActivity WAVElapMINE, Exploiting weak flank pawns Was:a7 B. ebid7 @, Basins White's advantage is obvious due to the weak pawns a6, e6. 6. Dd5-c7 7. Obi-a2 Se7-d6 8. Lar-c4 &g8-hs 9, Ye2-f3 9. Q:a6? S&:h2+ 10.0:h2 Wee 11.821 Mae =. Sasi Ld6-b4 10. Ka5-al Aa6-aB 11. Lert De7-d5 12, A f4-c5 Efe-c8 13, WES-e2 Wa7-b7 14. 8h2-h3 Ee8-6 15, Gal-elt Ba8-c8 16, c4:d5 Be6:d5 17. Relic Wh7:c6 18, Ma1-a3 We6-d7 19, Nd3-g3 fba-£8 20, Ab2-batt Ny, Fixing the a4 pawn on the dark square BOs Ec8-a8 It is necessary Lo get rid of weal- 46 nesses when defending inferior positions, Black threatens 21.., Aad. If 20...8a4, then immediately fol lows 21.A:a4 Weaa 22.n5 Wa7 23.863 +. 21. We2-c2! Ha8-c8 21,,.Aa4? 22,A:a4 Brad 23. Mes! 22. We2d2 Hc8-a8 22..,.Aa4 23. 4:04 Wiad 24. 5 Wd7 25.03 +. 23, Wd2-g5 Hh8-g8 24, 1g3-£3 Ag7-g6 25. 1£3-03 Wa7-a8 26. Wg5-cl 248-46 27. Wel-fa Ad6:e5 28. WWfa:e5 Bas-a7 29. Hes-c5 Ma7-e7 30. Ze5:45 Was-c7 31, We5:c7 Be7:c7 32. RdS:ab Me7-b7 33. ab-a3 White has a decisive advantage which he transforms into a win No.34 Gligoric — Ivkov Novi Sad, 1976Activi Here Black’s pieces are concen- {rated In the centre and on the queenside leaving their king alone 1. Hal-a3t sae With a threat after the possible reply of Black 1,,.c8 to play 2.0:d5 ®:d5 3,.2:n7+ :h7 4,54 wus 5.2n3 +- 1.Wg412 AFG 2.Wh3 was also interesting. OS thera 2. Sel-g5 @a5-£6 Ag7-g6 2...Hc8 was a mistake because of 3..8:16 £:16 4.Ma2 Dia2 5.R:n7+ Bh7 6.Whs+ &gs 7.Ehs +. 3, Aad-a5 @b4-45 YW we ag oeg ae % me Y development. Exploit 4. De5:c6! was Black has strengthened his king's position, but trouble comes from the other side. White has fixed a weakness on a6 and now he is increasing pressure on the queen- side, where he is stronger than Black. Awe Ab7:c6 5. Ras-a4 Wd8-c7 6. Qbl-d3 We7-b7 7. Baa-c4 Ufs-bs 8. Dcs-aa D6-d7 9. Og5-d2 e7-16 10. Hdi-ct Hps-c8 11. 243-ea+ Because of the weak pawns a6 and 6 White's advantage is beyond any doubt 11...» Sc8-c7 12. We2413 ee 12.8:d51? A&e:d5 13.Hba Wes 14.Wrs bbb. 12.... &f6-e7 13. Ag2-g3 207-68 14. W£3-d1 Bas-bs 15. Wdl-c2 e716 16. Ab2-b47! 16, £2h6}+ could drive Black into a corner. aTSubject: Activity development. Space seizure. No.35 Kortchnoi — Ljubojevic Tilburg. 1987 8. 2b4-d2 Wra-f5 9. YWd3-e3 Wt5-h5 10. Af3-e5 ZY aie nome ceetke Ls White seizes space on the queen- side and drives away Black's pieces by exploiting the disadvantageous position of the bishop at a5 1. Ab2-b4at? fa5-b6 2. Sb4-b5 Me6-a5 3. Aad-ad Mfs-48 4, Mel-a3 We7-16 5. Mas-b4 Creating a threat to the b7 pawn Be wns Wie-t4 1f5.,. fabs, then 6.Mer Bes’ 7,4d5 A:d5 8.c2 Bdcs 9.Mta2 Aud 10.Waz Dea 11, Wds Ag6é 12..ab3 Dad 13,005 + 6. fe4-bi Aaz-a6 Black has to secure © at a5, 7. Wdi-d3 Ag7-6 48 Threatening 11,8.:66 A:g6 12.0:d7 Riaz 13, Weee+ ir7 14.Wipe + SO a AaG:b5? 10.,.&e81? 11,34 Wg7 12.Y:he+ %, 11. Rd2:a5 Ab6:a5 1 -M:a5? 12, 2:96 A:g6 13.0:a7 Td? 14. Wee6+ Mt7 15.W:b6 + 12. Wes-ta 247-08 13, e5-ga+ ‘g8-£8 Other retreats bring no relief. 13,67 14.Wi6+ @h7 15.A:b5 Wes 16.8:g6+! Weps (16...4:g6 17, Wi8 DAG +-) 17.H:a5 +. 14, )\ga-f6 Ag6-g5 15. Wi4-e5 Wh5-h4 16. \f6-g4 Ba5-b6 17.WeS-h8+ = &fB-e718, Wh8-f6+ e748 19. Bf1-d1 2b6-07 20. Hal-a3! Sending last resources to the attack. 20... &h6-h5 21, Ag2-g3 Wha:hs 22. Aga-h6 &h5-h4 23, &b1-£5! Ae6:f5 24, Ha3-e3 Black resigned No. 36 Quinteros — Alburt New York, 1983 Aa VEU Yj A Z ie Black's pieces are more active than White's. Weak white pawns on the queenside can be objects of Black's attack. Note the passive position of White's queen on f1, which brings disharmony into the position, Bie sah = We7-agit 2. Hai-a2 If 2,We2, then 2.,,Ad4! Activity development. Space seizure Bee Re4:f3! Sie 4. O18:a5 A.Aie3S Bie3+ -+, or 4.2g2 Ber 5.2b2 Wha F. art Me3-e7 4... De7 5. Aze3 Q:e3+ 6g? B:d2 7.W:f61 Hypa 8. Wed leads to unclear play, and 8...®:d5 is impossible because of 9, Y:g7+ B:g7 10. Bca+ Pa 5. &al-b2? 5.Bedil? @as 6.2d3 Abs 7.Bd4 Rbel% AS? sie Sy Was:a2-+ 6. Bel-ar Has:45 7. Ha2:a5 Wa2:b2 8. W1-43 ‘Wh2:f2+ White resigned. 49Activity development. Space seizure No.37 Najdorf — Polugaevsky Mar del Plata, 1971 Tics & Aa7-a6 1.,,Ab6 is reasonable but the given move in the game is more aggressive, Black intends to play Ab7-b5, he seizes the space on the queenside and has a move connected with AbS-b4 and Ac6-a5-c4. 2. Ld3-c2 Ab7-b5 3. Wdl-d3 &c8-b7 4. Mfl-e1 With intention to play 5. Ads A:d5 6.2e5 Age 7, Hse7 Wre7 8.2:d5 +- afler possible reply 4..,2c8. 4, 517 ts interesting, for example: 4..Ag6 5.Madi Aba 6.Qa4 A:a3 7.83 BaS 8 Acs Kcé 9, Mfei fire5 10.4:05 Wid 11..2:d3+ (Don- ner — Van Scheltinga, Beverwijk, 1969). & 6.5 Ag?7-6 5. Le2-b37t 5. £h6!? Mes 6. Madi with a compli- cated position. 50 Bi, sits Has-c8! 5...0a5?7! 6.0a2 0:f3 7.W:f3 Weda 8.265 + 6. Scl-hé 28-08 7. Qb3-a2 7.Hadi Das! 8.£a2 Aca =. Psa AbB-b4 8. Dc3-e27 8.44 should be played in attempt to exploit the weak c5 square: 8..Ma5 (8.,.Wab!7) 9.A:b4 Acé 10.4c5 A:b4 11, Ws £:f3 12, Ws Be ane De6-ad5 Ab4-b3! 2b7-e4! . La2:bs 11. Wa3-di?! 11,4:e4 would have been better D:b3 12. Webs Dred 13.D:e6 Was = Thi Da5:b3 12, Wards fea-cz 13. Wb3-a2 26-24Wa8-b6! 14, Df4:e6 15. De6-g7 Le2-bs 16. Wa2-bl Res-d8 17. D)g7-15 Age:f5 18. Del:e7 Dga:he Afler few moves Black won, No. 38 Bitman — Zlotnik Moscow, 1979 a7 WY, White blocked the isolated d5 pawn. But Black's minor pieces have Activity development. Space seizure excellent coordination, and exploiting the unfavourable position of the white bishop al g5, Black seizes the initiative, ies 16-c4! 2. Og5-ha Deb:£3+ 3. dats Black's initiative is defined by the superior positions of the b6 bishop and e4 knight, which exert pressure on the f2 point. But this pressure is temporary because Black needs new objects for attack to support his initiative. Biss od We-b5! The threat to capture the b2 pawn is on the agenda 4. Bal-bi 5. Aa2-a3 Ha8-e8= Unnecessary weakening, but it is difficult to neutralize Black's imi- tiative, The next step would be better 5.Wd3 Weds 6.A:d3 Ded 7.2e) (if 7.Ad4 Se6 8.241 @:d4, good is 8... kes) 7...B:el+ 8,Dre1 51Activity development. Space seizure ®a4 9.Ab3s Ac3 10.Aa3 De2+ 11. Del 12. Ab4 Afé with threats &b6-d4-b2. Black keeps the advan- tage, but White can still defend his position Bre ge Ab7-n6! Black threatens 6...Ag5 7.2¢3 Afs. 6. Wdl-d3 Wbs:d3 7. Ae2ds Deds-c5 8, Hbl-el Me8:e1+ 9. Dfsiel Dcb-b3 Black quickly achieves a decisive advantage by exloiling White's weak- nesses. 10. Del-c2 Db3-c1 11. De2-b4 bb6-d4 12. Ab2-b3 fd4-c5-+ 13. Db4:d5 Ac5ias 14, Ab3-b4 Aa7-a6 15. 2h4-e7 Eve (:) 16. Ad3-d4 Del-e2+ 17. bg1-£1 Dead White resigned, No.39 Sokolov A. — Vaganian Moscow, 1986 Wads-b6 Aa7-a5! Black ignores the threat 3.2:h7+, increasing his activity on the queen- side, inferior is 2...Ah67! 3.Wd2 £:f3 4. A:r3 ba (> Dgs-6) 5.201 Mads 6. Radi AS 7.H:e8 B:e8 and continuing 8.8g2, White still has. some advantage. (A. Sokolov — Spragett, Montpellier, 1985). 3. Sd3:h7+ bg8-18 Creating two threats: Ag7-g6 and Bab-a4. 4, &h7-43 wae 4.Wet? £:£8 5.8:f3 Aadt 6.2d2 Ag6 is inferior and the white bishop is ina trap, 7.24 Wd 8,Whe+ We7 -+ gives nothing Aes Aab-a4 5, Db3-d2 De7-15 5...W:b27! 6.Hb1 Wa2 7.Wel is worse and the black queen is in a dangerous situation 6. etred+ Mab:es 7 Qd2-41 os 7... 2:88 threatens. Drage Wr6:d2 8. Hal-bi Wh2:a2 9. Wdl-cl eas 9.0:b7! Sa4! and now it is dan- Serous to continue 10,.2b57! Wd5 11. B:a4 DeS 12, 8:e8 W:f3 13.A:f3 Df3+ 14.bhi (14. g2 Dsnd++15.0h3 Whi+ 16,94 Dne+ 17,65 7.84 Dgs+ 18.8g5 Was #) 17,..Af6+ 18.hs5 O3+ 19,66 DeS+ 20.hh7 Dhf7 +) 14... Web7-+ ett en Yo Ate 10. \£3-h2 Df5-he 11. Dn2:g4 Dno:g4 12, Ubi-al Wa2-d5 13. Dal:ad AbT-bB 14. Had-a6 Dga-e5 15. Wel-a3+ AbB-b4 16. Wa3-a4 De5:d3 17. Ac2:d3 17, Wic6 Wie6 18:6 Aci 19. B04 Hei 20.4f3 Ad3 21.A:d3 Abs 22.Ep4 He2 -+. APA ad 2e8-e6 18. 4a6-b6 Ag7-g6 19. Ub6-b5 Wad5-d6 20. Af2-f4 Ae6-e1 21. 1b5-b6 Mel-c1 Black has a decisive advantage. Activity development. Space selzura No.40 Sokolov A. — Vaganian Montpellier, 1985 White controls the d4 point, and as a compensation for the isolated d5 pawn, Black plays actively and controls the c4 and ¢5 central squares. Leeks Aa7-a6! Defending against 2.Ab5. 1..@:d4? 2.A:d4 B:h2+ 3.eh1 £464. Obs Wa7 5.Wh4! 0666.:d6 +- is bad for Black. 2. Ag2-g3 Ac6-a5 The knight is transferred to a more active position at c4, 3. Df3-h4 DaB-c4 4, Wad-c2 x This should provoke an exchange of minor pieces by 4.Qhf5 {2:15 5.D:£5. Hfs-c8 De7-c6l el-g5 53Activity development, Space seizure Beginning the struggle for the key d4 square. 6. aa-t5 7. Aits-e3 2a6-f8 We7-a5! Black plays Wa5 iniending after the possible 8,£g2 to reply 8...0:e3 Ores Ada 10.A:d4 O:04! 8. Abeba?! AedieB 9, Bgsie3 Was-d8> White has difficulties in fighting for the dt point because the h5 bishop controls the important dl square, and White's knight on h4 is re- moved from the main sector of the struggle, 10, t1-g2 After the breakthrough in the centre White's advantage is sceured by the pair of active bishops. Ad5-d4! 11, Les:d4 11.8:¢6 Ads! + Ike. 12. Ac3:d4 54 Desde Wd8:d4 13. 2g2:b7 2£8:b4! 14. \n4-£5 Wd4-f6 15. Del:e8+ Ha8:e8 16. Hal-bi ib4-£8 17. 2b7-e4 On5-g6* 18. bea-d3 Tes-a8 19. 0d3-e4 Wi6-e5 20. Eb1-b3 Now Black could achieve a decisive advantage after 20...%c5! 21.013 Ses 22.843 Wd5 and White has no good moves, for example 23.02 Brea! 24, Wreo 8:95 -+ No.41 Georghiu — Beliavsky Baden-Baden. 1980 & ve VAN Black has definite troubles because of the unlucky position of his pawn at b6, which ties down the black queen to its defence. Thal is why Black uses tactical motives to get rid of his weakness, Bigs ace Ab6-bB! 2. Aaa:bS AaG:bS 3. Des:bs3. fas Wa 4.0:b5 8:2 F pce" Sas:al 4. Mat:al b7-c6! 4... 026919 5.0:g2 Wd5+ %, 5. Ded-e5 5.Qca3 S:a3 6.H:a3 Wis 7.Af3 S:b5 8.0:b5 Uday F Bie. - 12 Ac6:b5 6. 2d3:b5 Was:aaF Black has better chances because the b-pawn in this position may be a potential weakness 7. De5-6 Wa4-d6 8. Hal-di Wd6-c7 9. Ac6:e7+ We7e7 10. 2b5-c4 AnG-h5! 11. Ye2-d2 Ofs-bs 12. &b2-b3 DI6-g4 13. Wa2-44 We7-a3 14. £c4-e2 Dga-t6 15. 2e2-ca bs-a8 Activity development. Space seizure 16. Af2-£3 Wa3-a5 17.Wd4-c3 Ag?-g6 18. Wes-d2 Wa5-c7 19. Wd2-d6 We7-b7 20, Sgi-h2 as 20.Ab4!? DAbS. 20... 4 ‘wg8-27 21, Wd6-e5 Mas-a2 22. h2-ho Wb7-a7 23, We5-d4 Wa7-c7 24. Md1-d2 Ma2-a7 Black bas a minimal positional advantage, which he realizes later on No.42 Goreloy — Lputian Telavi, 1982 Aivs.3. 3 Ate-e4t 2. De2-ta 2n5f3 3. Sg2:t3 Wads-a5! 4. Aa2-a3 aa 55Activity development. Capturing open files Ss D YW, a” UG R SS Zz Bice 5 Wa5-d2! 5. Gfs:eat 5.Me2? Widl 6.E:d1 Ada! -+. Bite Wa2:b2= Black has exchanged White's active pieces by a series of manoeuvres thus equalizing the game Subject: Activity development. Capturing open files. No.43, 1, A\c3:d5! Ae6:d5 Botvinnik — Alekhine 2. bca-b5 2c8-d7 SAS NeMet inde, LH88 If 2...0b7, then 3.Wad Bob 4.0.4 with ah improvement of White's position. 3. Wal-aa Q\c6-b8 The position of the black pawn on b6 is important for assessing the position, because its advance has weakened the light squares on the queenside, 56 3...Me8 gives nothing, for example: 4.8.42 (bad is 42:06 8:06 5.\Y:a7 Mba > Mas) 4...Aa5 +. 4, Mer-f4 S.d7:b5 5. Wad:bs Aa7-a6 6, Whb5-a4 7, 2:b8 Tbs 8.W:a6 + threatens. Biases e7-d6 Trying to ease the position by the exchanges. 7. Sfa:dé Was:a6 8. Zal-c1 :White controls two open files, his advantage is beyond doubt Be ris Ma8-a7 9. Wa4-c2 Baz7-e7 If 9. Af6, then 10. 85+ 10. Hel:e7 Wd6:e7 11. We2-e7! We7:c7 12. Bel:c7 ‘The control of the c-file and Black's weak pawns guarantee a significant White advantage, and White wins gradually despite fierce resistance, ARs, 17-16! 13. Sgl-f1 e 13.8677! Mes! 14.¢f1 Abs and Black has improved his position. 18... 18-£7 14. Be7-c8+ Ef7-£8 15. 2c8-c3! Ag?-g5 16, Af3-e1 Ah?7-h5. 17. 2h2-h4! Dbs-d7 18. c3-c7 Efs-£7 19. Del-£3 Ags-g4 20. Af3-e1 Af6-£5 21. De1-d3 A15-f4 Activity development. Capturing open files 22, Af2-13 Aga:f3 23. Ag2:f3 AaG-a5 24. Aa2-a4 &g8-18 25. Nc7-c6 Sf8-c7 26, Wf1-£2 5f7-£5 27. Ab2-b3 @e7-d8 28. {2-02 Qa7-bB 29, Me6-g6 bd8-c7 30, \d3-e5 Qb8-a6 Now 31.15 leads (oa win in afew moves. No.44 Larsen — Penrose Palma de Mallorea, 1972 Black threatens 1,...0:h3 or 1...8d4. White's rooks are doubled on the c- file, the e6 knight prevents the development of their activity. 1. Df3-dat Bad is 1.4d1? &:h3t in = Sone 2. Wd2:d4 Deed Weds 57Activity development. Capturing open files 3. Aesida After the exchanges on d4 Black lost pieces which could have been active. White transposes to the ending, where his advantage ts determined by the control of the e- file and Black’s weak d5-pawn. He tte 4. Ags-ga! Mes-e7 White limits Black's lightsquare bishop and seizes space on the kingside. We waeie 215-06 4.00471 5,.Af3 v6 6.Hc7 Bed7 78:07 B:d7 8.8c8+ wh7 9.ef2 + 5. Afa-f4 At7-46 6. Sgi-f2 e6-£7 7. 2g2-t3 bgs-f8 8. Aa2-aat ‘ White strives to create pawn weak~ ness on Black's queenside to realize his advantage easily. Biome Td8-c8 9. Aad-a5 Me7-d7 10. Ab3-b4 Tles-a8 11. .2£8-e21 Sy Transferring the bishop to a more active position. Mw &f7-08 12. Le2-d3 Ed7-c7 13. Bc3-c8 Ed8:c8 14. Helic8 B18-£7 15. Ab4-bB! tae 58 White has realized his plan, 16, Has threatens. 15. &b7-b6 16, :b6 Aa7:b6 17. 2e8-b8 He7-e6 18..243-g6+! f7-£8 19. Ah3-ha A, a a & Y Mig) x Zugawang position! Black is help- less, he has no useful moves. 18)... Ze6-c7 20, &h4-h5 He7-c6 21.243 2e6-0722. Aga-g5 White's king joins the struggle. Black resigned, No.45 Smyslov — Ribli London, 1983 White Is better developed, his knight at c3 and bishop at €4 cover the important. point d5. Black hasn't developed his picces, he has a problem with the development of (he bishop al ¢8 in particular. White's task is to use his spatial and mobility advantage, by creating some weaknesses in his opponent's position, Black’s goal is to keep the blockade square a5 and strive to simplify the game 1. Del-he 216-g7 2. Qh6:g7 Og8:27 3. Mal-cl! Sb7-b6 4, [e3:d5 Der:d5 5. Bea:d5! Was:d5 6. Hel-e71+ Activity development. Capturing open tien) 7. Wal-gat While pieces: the queen at g4, the c7 rook and e5 knight put strong pressure on Black's castling post- tion, and Black's battery — the b7 bishop and queen at d5, has a decorative character because White easily neutralizes its pressure. 7. é Eas-d8 7..Mac8 8.Hd7 Wed 9.Wied Bed 10.4f3 245 11.2B:a7 Ec2 12.Ab4 =, 8. Seid Aa7-a5 9. An2-ha! Bd8-c8 9.,,An5? 10. Y:g6+ 10. 207-47 Wd5-e4 11. Wga-g5 2b7-c6 12. Af2-£3! We4-£5 12,,. Wea? 18.441 Weds 14.82 gs 15,Whe bAter 13. La7-a7 26-04 14, Kdl-el Des-c2 15. Ab2-ba faaba AActivity development. Capturing open files 16, Abd:a5: Ab6:a5 17. Kel-e4 Ah7-h6é 18. Wg5-e3 He2-b2 19. Me4-g4!+ Ag6-g5 20. Ah4:g5 Ah6-h5 21. Rga-g3 AbB-h4 22. hgs-g4 Ah4-h3 23. Ag5-g6 AhS-h2+ 24, Sgi:h2 2f8-h8+ 25. ¢h2-g3 Eb2:g2+ 26, Sg3:g2 WH5-c2+ 27. Wes-£2 hs-h2+ 28. &g2:h2 Wer:f2+ 29, Gh2-h3 Wi2-f1+ 30, Iga-g2 Wtl-n1+ Black resigned. No.46 Karpov — Geller Moscow, 1981 White has a weak structure on the kingside, but il isn’t too important because the bishop on g3 well protects these weaknesscs. Black's positional shortcoming is the se- rious weakening of the queenside 60 due to the abscence of the light- square bishop. 1, hea-a6! Qn5:g3 The move is forced, otherwise Black will lose in the exchange. 2. Ah2:¢3 Be8-c7 3, fiat ies If 3.@b571. then 3...H:cl 4.E:c1 bs! 5.:a7 Wida = Da7Ai6 If 3,,,.@b8, then 4,@c4 with the unpleasant threat Ad4-d5, 4, \e3-b5! Be7:c1 5, Mat:cl At6-45 5... lWd5 6 Aa3 and Black is doomed to a passive defence. 6, @bB:a7! aig Although White's pieces linger for sometime on the queenside, Black can do nothing. GS 7. Aa2-as Da5-b4 Wds-a87..B;a6 8,Wia6 Wedd 9,216 + is bad 8. Hel-c7 Db4-d5 8... Wade 9.27! 9, fe7-b7+ fe7-16 10, \a7-c6 B18-cs8 11, De6-e5 R16:e5 12. Ad4:e5 e8-cl+ 13. bgi-g2 Wa8-d8 14, 26-43 Bet-al 15.We2-e4+- Ag7-g6 16. Mb7:£7! Sg8i7 17.Wea:g6+ wf7-£8 18. Yg6:h6+ Black resigned No.47 Antoshin — Neshmetdinov Ryazan, 1967 ‘The undeveloped queenside is the essential shortcoming of Black's Activity development. Capturing open files position. Black is threatened by a hopeless ending in case of an exchange on d5, 1, Eal-cl! Ab7-b6 1f1,,,.d7, then 2,.9:d5 O45 3.05 §:d5 4.Wb3 &c6 5.5 +. 2. fea:d5! De7:As 3. Hes:d5 Was:a5 4. Met-e71+ Oa Yu 1 YX Lyf EG Y Black has no useful moves, the white rook on the seventh rank paralyses his actions. Aviva Wd5:a20! It is difficult to advise Black on a good continuation, for example 4,.,$0b7? 5.Hhe5 +-, or 4,..2.d7 5.05: Bids 6.Wea Weed 7.2se4 Mes 8.04 Ags 9.@:£7 +- 5. DL3-05 6. Was-e3+- Wa2-d5 Black resigned.Development of activity in the centre No.48 Novikov — Mikhaichishin Lvov, 1986 tae 4 aU ee ie BE Ceaan aes White threatens to put pressure on the d5 square by doubling rooks on the d-file and transferring his bishop to the a2-g8 diagonal. How a should Black organize a counter- play? Rites det Hes-e5! Black combines defence with acti- vation. If 1...Mfd8, then 2.2b1 Dea 3.Ab3 Qa3 4.8d3 Ada 5.40e4+ > Ar2-f4-15. 2, ba3s-br 218-8 3, Raia Hes-e1! 4. Ma4:a5 If 4, Ab3, then 4,..B:f1+5.W:f1 Mes & Wh6-07 1 ge Bei:f1+ 5. wga:fi 2e8-cl+ 6. Bas-a1 Bet:di+ 7. We2:d1 Wh6:b2 8, Wdi-b3 Wb2-d2= A draw, Subject: | Development of activity in the centre. No.49 Mikhalchishin — Bareev Dortmund, 1990 ae He, “y G MY, eye ie All white pieces work perfectly except the knight on b3. White indends to transfer the knight from bS to ¢3, where it will reinforce pressure on the d5 pawn 1. @b3-d2! )d6-04 2. Re5-da De-c5 3, Wads-b5! Aa?-a6 4. Wh5-a5 Dc5-e6 5. Adare Hd8-46 6. Ae2-c3 Dee-f4 7. Qd2-41 Black's activity is stopped easily. Tess Wea-ga 8. Di1-g3 8. Deaxt?By etic e748 9. Bel:e8 DGB 10. 2b6-e3 Desie 11. Wa5-e7! Py x Y YY cm The bishop joins the play with decisive effect. Tes. &b7-b5 12. We7:i7+!1+- Bg8:f7 19. Df3-e5+ White soon won. No.50 Nei — Suba Tallinn, 1983 Me, an wes eas Y YW, Fg Poy Development of activity in the contd Black placed his pieces harmo niously. The static weakness of (he pawn on d5 isn’t fell, White has a rather weakened castling position. Mase was-de! Preventing &cl-a3 and planning to regroup pieces )f6-e4 and Wd6-h6 with an attack on the kingside. 1... Ag6?! 2,Qf3 = is inferior, 2. @e2-3 4\e7-g6! if 2..,Og4, then 3,.2g2 Whe 4,.An3 Ded 5. Wu. 3. 8£3-g2 \g6-e5 4, Wa3-f1 . Bhs xe 2c8-g4t White has to choose: to weaken the pawn chain by the move Af3 or te realize a variation 5.2a2!? Mack 6.2b2 Aida 7.0:d4 @fs+ 8. Rey A413, which is the lesser evil, 5. Af2-£37! 6. Sgi-hi bg4-d7 Has-c8 OsTransition into the endgame by an exchange of queens After 6.,.Qc6* Black has got a lasting positional advantage, The weak e3 pawn and passive position of Lhe white pieces firmly placed the initiative in Black's hands 16, Df4-g2 Reb-e7 17, Ld2-b4 Qb6:e3 18, Qg2-ha Wt5-h7 19. Lb4:e7 &e3:c1 20, He2-c7 fel-g5 21, )h4a-g2 Ads-a4 22. &f3-f4 f6-d5 23. Me7-a7 Qg:e7 24. Md7:d5 2e7-£6 25, An2-na Wh7-e4 26. Md5-a7 Bes-cB 27, Ma7-a6 He8-c2 28. \a2-a4 &d4-43 29. Wh1-h2 Be2-e2 White resigned. Transition into the endgame by an The plan 1.Wd3 > 2d4 is possible ~ changing the blocking queen 7. AcB-e2 De5-g6 8. Gel-d2 An7-h5 9. 2&g2-ha Be8-e5 10. &£h3:d7 Wd6:d7 11. Bal-cl He8-c8 12. Ael-c2 Qg6-e7 13. 2dl-el Sa7-be 14. De2-f4 ‘De7-45 15. 0d4:f5 Wa7f5 Subject: exchange of queens. No.51 Polugaevsky — Zaitsev Vladimir, 1969 How should White continue? 1. Wda-a4! 64 with a bishop with a lasting small positional advantage. After the ex- change of queens the d5 pawn loses lis dynamie force and becomes weak, 1... WaBrad 2. De3:a4 Ab7-b6 Preventing 3.2c5 3. Dad-c3 ‘The knight has nothing to do on a4 ae Has-a7 4. De3-b5! ‘The transfer of the knight to the blockade position d4 increases positional pressure in the centre. The rooks' doubling on the d-fileTransition into the endgame by an exchange of the queens and the capture of a pawn by exchange of the darksquare bishop was weaker Btying Ba8-d8 5. &b2-b3 Defending against 5...Ad4. Beas DEG-cB 6. DbS-d4+ 207-46 7. Sh2-hs White strives to limit the mobility of Black's pieces. Tens Des-dé 8. Ags-g4 246:d4 9. SeB:d4t White's advantage is beyond doubt Bi tia) AL7-£5 9...Af6, DSf7 was stronger. This move improves (he performance of White's darksquare bishop. 10. Af2-£3 Forced temporary concession. but il's better than 10.4) \d6-b5 If 11,.0b2, then 11.,.Ad4th care He bg8-f7 In case of 11...:d4 12, B:d4 Black is deprived of counterplay, but it was the lesser evil 12. £d4-b2 AfB:g4 If 12..Ad4, then 13.4;f5 0:f5 14 Acd Se6 15, Or + 13. Af3:g4 Of7-g8 14. bb2-e5 fe With the threat 15.84, TAs hie se6-£7 15. Aa2-aa Ed8-e8 16. 8e5-f4 Ag?7-g5 17. 0 f4-h2 Db5-a3 Now was interesting 19.Hd3, > Ab4, or 18,A4c4 Ad4 19,4c5 with a winning posilion for White No.52 Habner — Ivkov Germany. 1975 7 k a j W £7, How should White continue? 65Transition Into the endgame by an exchange of the queens 1, Wa2-g5! White strives to transpose into the ending by exchanging queens, In the ending the weakness of the d4 pawn 1s of utmost importance. Ds We7:g5 2. Dfs:g5 Rea:g2 3. Sgi:g2 Bc5-e77 3...8b6 4.Mfdi Mes 5.6f1 Haas 6.4f3+ is more persistent. 4. Dgs-t3 e7-16 5. Hf1-d1 Ada-d37! 5...Ad9?t aceelerates a defeat. 5..tfd8 6.fd2, Medi is more persistent and the pawn on d4 ts doomed. 6. &b2:16 Ad3:e2 7. Ma1-d7 Ag7:t6 8. Ha7:b7 ied White has a winning position 66 No.53, Averbakh — Keres Moscow, 1950 Wee o UW ‘mw Me, AM, Uh, Y Y @ BAD White has a weak isolated d4 pawn. The d5 square is an excellent blockade position for any black piece. White’s bishop has no good squares and his own pawns hinder his movement. It should be noted that Black has to exchange queens to prevent a possible attack on his king. ter Wa6-d5t With the threat 2...W:a2 2. Ab2-ba An7-h5! Forcing a favourable situation for Black by the exchange of queens. Wd5:e4 Af7-46! 3. Wgd-e4 4, Mel:e4 Black opens the way to d5 for the king, White can only wait and see5. gif bg8-17 6. fd2-a5 &b7-b6 7. Ba5-c3 Sas-d8 8. fc3-b2 Sas-de+ wax Black has a positional advantage, he has to improve his position by Ras, Ate, Ae6 9, Age-gai? 10. Ah3:g4 Anb:g4 Sa6-e67! Black should have abstained from an exchange of rooks because, simplifications make his defence easier for White. He should conti- nue 10...4f8, > De6, Bds. 11. Af2-£3 @g6-e7 12. &b2-cl Be7-45 13. &cl-d2 ie6-a6 14. f1-e2 a6-48 15. be2-£2 Da5-c7 16. Aa2-ad De7-e6 17. 2d2-e3 3d8-d5 to the endgame by an exc 18. 2£2-g3 Gt7-e7 After 18.,Ab5 19.2 A:ad 20, Arad Bas 21.Ad5 A:d5 22. Bb4 4 19.Ag4-g571 — Af6-£51 20. He4-e5 Ge7-d6 21.Me5:d5+ d6:d5 22. Ag5-g6! Ba7-aB! 22...D:d4 23.8:d4 B:da 24. hfe Abs 25.A:5 A:b5 26.Ab4 Bea 27. :f5 G-b4 28. Ata! Aas 29 Beat Aad 30,8d3 = (Keres) 30,,.eb3 31.Af5 Aa3 32.Af6 Aa2 33.8:g7 &. 23.2g3-h4 Deeds 24, 2e3-h6 Dd4-e6 25..2n6-e3 Ac6-c5 26.Qh4-h5 oes Now 26...A4c4 27.A:c4+ @icd 28.@:b6 Gb4-+ was leading to an easy win. 26.... Bd5-c57! 27. 2¢3-cl Qe6-d4? 27...d5! 28.8n2 Acd 29.A:c4+ cd 30,8:97 Dig7+ 31.5 Dewi 32.8:f5 Gd5, >Ab6-b5-+, 28, 2cl1-hé +o 28,.2b2? G14! BBc.e 5 e5-16 29.0n6-g5+ Sf6-c6 30,0g5-h6? = Ag7:h6 31.0h5-h6 Qa4-c6t And after few moves Black won, 67Subject: A transition into the ending by exchanging minor pieces. No.54 Kortchnoi — Karpov Merano, 1981 How should Black continue? wee GM6-h5! This forces an exchange of the darksquare bishops, which conal- derably decreases White's attack potential, Black's main lask Is to keep control over the dS square 2, On4ase7 if 2,893, then 2.,.4:g3 3.Ah:g3 &f6 and White has problems with the defence of the d4 pawn. pry DeG:e7 [tis important to keep control over the 45 square. 3. Lcd-bs 68 White's position is not better so he should have thought of equalizing by 3.Ad5 Acd5.4.4):d5 0:45 5.9:45 Dla 6, fea Wed 7. Be-d1s. Sete ‘Dn5-£6 4, Di3-e5 bc8-d7 5. Wa1-e2 a8-c8 6. c3-e47! ‘The exchange of minor pieces is favourable for Black, he should have thought about 6.2fel and, if 6... 806, then 7.4:£7. Black has to play 6.,.207. es Asere4 7. Weziea 2d7-c6! Black doesn't fear exchanges on c6, because the d4 pawn Is potentially weaker than the c6 pawn. 8. DAe5:c6 Bc8:c6 9. Ecl-c3A transition into the ending by exchanging minor plGlmn After 9. 21:06 it will be 9,..A:c6! and because of the weakness of the d4- pawn Black has better chances. Be nt W a8-d6 10. Ag2-g3 sot There was no need to hurry with this move, the g3 square could be used by White for joining his heavy pieces to the attack on the black king, 10.34 Afa-d8 11. Bfl-d1 Ac6-b6! Black prepares 12.,,Wd7. 12. Wed-el Wa6-d7 If 12,..M@b4, then 13,lc4, offering an exchange of rooks. 13. Se3-43 If 19.45, then 13...d6 14.Hdc1 Ac6 15.La4 A:d4! 16.0:d7 Af3+ 17.Wfl Del 18.H:e6 Dds -+. oc eer be-d6 14, Wel-ea Wd7-c6! 15.Wea-f4 15,W:c6 B:c6 16,Ad5 Oba =, TRi¢.2 De7-45 16. Wfa-d2 We6-b6 17...Ab4 threatens 17.0b3:d57 |. Dooming himself to a gloomy de- fence, It was better to abstain from the exchange by 17.4a3. 17.... Hd6:d5* 18, Ha3-b3 Wb6-c6 19, Wd2-e3 We6-a7 20. Af2-14 ee Defending from Ae6-e5, but now the pawn screen of the white king is weakened 20.... Ab7-b6! 21. 2bs-b4 AbG6-b5 22. Aa2-a4 AbB:a4 23. Wc3-a3 Ba7-aB 24, Bb4:a4 Wad7-b5! 25. Hdl-d2 5% 28. Ad4:e5 Bas:d2 29, Had:a5 30.Ha5-a8+ Wgs-h7 31. Wal-bl+ Ag7-g6 32. Wb1-f1 We6-c5+ 33.gl-h1 Wes-d5+ White resigned.A transition into the ending by exchanging minor pieces No.55 Karpov — Kuz'min Leningrad, 1973 How should White continue? 1. Sh4-g3! White should exchange minor pie- ces, The exchange of the dark- square bishops removes the defen- der of the weakened squares oS and 5. Tira Md6:gs There is no need to hurry with the exchange because tl lmproves White's pawn structure, 1). M&gar? would've been better 2. An2:g3 eB-ga 3. Mfl-et Mab-d8 4. Ac2-c3 We?-b6 5. hb5-d3 Db 6.S:h7+ Bh? 7. Og5+ +- Sores De7-g6 6. Wdl-c2 Ogata 70 The exchange is necessary, other- wise White will control the d4 square, 7. Aga:fs Black has no active plan, He wants to play Ad5-d4, but he made so many positional compromises that this move isn’t dangerous for White. White strives Lo limit the activity of Black's knights. For example, if 7...Ad4, then 8.Af4! A:c3 9.A:c3+. . Bas-d6 14 Bfs-d8 2X eee 2 Ws Le, 4 ba Y Y A White cannot block the d4 square because it is conrolled by Black, Black 18 ready to realize Ad5-d4. White has to lake measures to prevent this advance. In assessing the position it is necessary to consider (he placement of the black knight on g6, which is constrained by the white pawns [4 and g3 and cannot influence the course of events very much.9. Aa2-a3t! White eliminated the threat Ab4. If 9.,.Ad4 then 10.Ac4+. Delates &h7-h5 10. Ygl-g2 sie White's plan includes a transfer of the knight to 8 and a doubling of rooks on the e-file. 10... . AbS-h4 11. Hel-e2 Dge-£8 12, b3-d2 Had6-h6 13.9)d2-43 Ah4:g3 Opening the game is to White's advantage because he has the int tiative. If 13.,.Ah3, then the break- away pawn will become an easy catch for White. 14. Af2:g3 8-47 15. Hal-el Sgs-£8 16. Ag3-g4! triste White pawns join the fight and limit the activity of Black's pieces? 16.... Wb6-c7 17. Ag4-g5 Ene-hs 18, Sg2-g3! ae White's king supports an offensive of his flank pawns! 18; 6 ws Da7-5 19, 243-15 Ag7-g6 20. Ab2-ba+- Des-e4+ 20...8:157 21.A:c5 Wa7 22.0h2 bg7 23.Dh4+- is bad 21. 25:04 AdB:e4 22, We2ied S18-g7 28. Ab4-b5 DAcb-aB 24. Wea-e7! We7:e7 ition into the ending by exchanging minif jl 25. Be2:e7 Mds-d3 26. 2e7-c7 Dab-b3 27. 8g3-g4 Ens-f8 28. Bcl-e7 White won. No.56 Karpov — Spassky Montreal, 1979 Black's d5 pawn is weak, White has lo strive for an exchange of Black's minor pieces, which can control the d4 square effectively: the knight at 6 and the darksquare bishop, 1, @f3-e5! eee 1.Wb3!? a5 (1...2e6 2.W:b7 Dos 3.De5+) 2.Wa2 See 3.404, > D:e6 and Aea+. Tes Be 2d7-e6 Karpov recommended 1. Wet 24:c6 M:c6 3.Wb3 Ads 4 ft Ded, but 2.D:d7) Wid7 3, Riba jn stronger. 2. Deb:e6! Resies valA transition into the ending by exchanging minor pieces Arc6 3..2a6+- 3. &e2-£3 4. {f4-e5! Was-be A very strong move, forcing the exchange of a pair of knights and consolidating White's control over the important d4 square. Eres Di6-c4 5. We2-e2! 5, &.d4 is inferior because of 5... &c5 68:05 Bees 7.M:e4 Aced 8. Wied Wib2 9.Ha4 Hes 10.We4 Yost. Benn Deares 6. Le5:es Das-a8 6...8:a3 7.02674 7. Xdl-d3 Re6-d6 8. Sfl-d1 Hd6-d7 9. HDdl-a2 we White realizes the placement of pieces, recommended by Alekhine for such positions: rooks are ad- vanced and the queen is kept behind them Mann Wb6-b5 10. tWe2-d1 Ab7-b6 White ties Black down by defence of the d5 pawn. Now it is necessary to create a second weakness and White starts a pawn storm on the king- side. 11. Ag2-g3 aoe There is no need to hurry, Black has no counterplay by ee £e7-£8 12. ££3-g2 248-07 13. Wal-ns! Aa7-a6 14.Ae4 threatens. 14, Ah2-h3 Wb5-c6 15. Sg1-h2 AaG-a5 16. Af2-f4! A£7-16 16...Af5?7) 17.Wg6 218 18,265, > Sgo-g4. 17. Wh5-di We6-b5 17,..2d6 is more persistent, putling the rook ona thrice defenced square, 18. 4g3-g4 Ag?7-g5 18,,,£.d6 19,h1 &c7 is more per sistent, preventing the movement of White's pawns. 19. bh2-hi Wb5-c6 20. Af4-t5! Le6-£7 21. Ae3-e41+- \g8-g7 22. A4e4:d5 We6-c7 23. Ud2-e2 Ab6-b5 24. e2:e7 Ma7:e7 25. Ad5-d6 We7-c4 26. Ab2-b3 White won.A transition into the ending by exchanging minor pieces No.57 Rubinstein — Teichman ‘Teplitz-Schoenau, 1922 < De ia SS N Woy NY Z Magers bre ELBE ay Y Y a A De Vo NK White’s pieces are extremely well situated. 1. DeB-adt 1.2, b@d4 is not bad. While threatens 2.4\c5 or 2..&b2. Black has to exchange the dark- square bishops and it’s to White's favour. Doane Sc7-d6 2, Base Hds:d6 After the exchange of the daric- square bishops Black has minimal chances for activity, and White's knights seize the important dark squares c5 and d4. 3, Dad-c5 We8-e7 4, Df3-dat Blocking the key d4 square. 4 De6-e5 5, Wha-f4! White should exchange some minor and heavy pieces and leave the knight on d4 against the passive black bishop on e6 in the endgame. \e5:d3 243 Mas-c8 Md3-03 5. 6. ie White is ready to seize the e-file. 7 hee Md6-d8+ 8. Wh4-e5 . White's advantage is obvious, Bae ee At6-g4 9. Web-f4 Agate 10. 4h2-h3! Be8-c77 A mistake, bul Black was unlikely to party the threat 11.D:e6 Aieb 12.Wes. 73A transition into the ending by exchanging minor pieces 11. Weaie7t4- — We7:07 44, 6d4:d5 De2es+ 12, Ne5:06 We7:e3 45. 2d5-cB Desigs 46. Db6-c4 12... Wb6 13.0:d8 Wis 14. Be8+-. Black resigned, 13, Het:e3 Af7:e6 14, Ddare6 Eas-a7 15. Af2-f3 bgs-t7 No.58 16. De6-da Ag7-g6 Grau — Mikenas Buenos Aires, 1939 White has gradually realizes extra pawn. 17. &gl-f2 bf7-e7 18. 2c3-c8 Di6-e8 19. &f2-e2 e717 20, He2-d3 Des-d6 21. Rc8-c5 Dd6-e8 22. fa2-ad t7-e7 23. Ah3-h4 An6-hS 24, d4-02 Des-c7 25, De2-f4 Be7-de 26, c5-cl Ba7-g7 27, Ag2-g4 Anb:g4 28. \f3:g4 Sa6-a5 Black fas reliable control over the 29, Lel-hi &g6-g5 d5 square, While has no active plan 30, Aba:g5 e765 eh ‘ 2 SULERUEER . Wacan of developing the initiative 32. 9f4-g6+ he5-£6 93, )ge48+ £6-17 BS De6-a5! 34, 2h6-h7+ Mg5-g7 35.0n7:g7+ ht7:g7 Attacking the white queen and 36. ()f8-A7 De7-a6 preparing the development of the 37. vd3-d4 Da6-b4 bishop c8. [t was possible 1.../\ce7 38, )d7-c5 Ab7-b6 > &b6, &b7, and if 2.8c4, then 39, eB-d7 Qb4-c2+ 2... Aber 40.d4-d3 De2-ba+ 41,2d3-c3 sog7-g6 2, Wh3-c2 Ab7-b6 42. \d7:b6 &g6-g5 3. 0-0 2c8-b7 43, c3-d4 Db4-c2+ 4, Werd2? ... 74A transition into the ending by exchanging minor pieces 4.De4 is stronger, although after 4... Hes 5.Wdl Dc4 Black's ad- vantage is beyond any doubt. Bul 5. Zacl! would be better cutting off the knight at a5 Auias Dd5:c31F The exchange of minor picces ts favourable for Black. 5. Wd2:c3 If 5. A:e3, then 5... 2:13 6. A:fs Was 7.43 Hac8 with a significant advantage for Black. 5 HaB-c8 6, We3-43 b7:13! 7, Aga:t3 Was-g5+ 8. Sgl-hi Ers-as White has a weak d4 pawn, and a ruined structure on the kingside White has a hopeless position. 9. &b5-a6 Ec8-c7 10. Wd3-e3 Wg5-£6 11. Of1-d1 e7-d7 12. Jal-el \a5-b7! It is necessary to foree White to exchange bishop for the black knight, because he is planning to transfer Black's knight to £5. Black easily realizes his positional advantage. 13, Ab2-b4 Qb7-46 14. 026-43 ‘Da6-£51 15. .d3:£5 wre:fs 16, Mai-dz wis-f6 17. Mel-al Md7-d5 18. Wea-e4 Ma5-45 19. Ma2-43 Mds-d5 20. Ghi-g2 Mf5-f4 21. Wed-e3 Wre-nat 22. Has-a3 Aa7-a5 23. Abd:a5 Ab6:a5 24. Wes-c3 Ae6-e5! 25. Das:a5 Aes:da White resigned. No.59 Botvinnik — Zagoriansky Sverdlovsk, 1943 How should White continue? 1. @f3-e5! After an exchange of knights, White gets full control over the d4 square 75A transition into the ending by exchanging minor pieces and increases pressure on the isolated dS pawn. hee, 2, Wh2ie5 The white bishop obtains a firm position on £3 and the white queen acquires a free hand. De6ie5 By was Wab5-c5 3, 202-13 > Ac3-e4, Baas Ab7-b6 4. We5-b2 d8-c8 5. Wb2-e5 Bes-d8 6. Ha2-a4! Sa7-a5 White completely holds Black's pieces by the d5 pawn defence, using Black’s loss of counterplay. White has (o create a second weak- ness on the kingside, which will lead to difficulties for Black in defending the pawn d5 and the king's position at the same time 7. Aga-gat We5-c6 8. Ag&-g5 AnG:65 76 9. Web:g5 Sf7-46 10. Xh4 was threating and 1) Whs. 10. Yg5-g6 Le6-f7 11. Wg6-g3 Af6-£57! Unnecessary weakening, though Black has difficulties in opposing the transfer of the rook from dl to gi. 12, Wg3-5 We6-6 13. bgl-h1 We6-c5 14. Edl-gh Eas-8 15. Wg5-he Des-bs If 15...Ag6, then decides the play 16.Ah4, >Ah4-h5. 16. Rd4-ha bgs-fa 17.Wh6-h8+ 2.£7-g8 18. Bh4-f4 EbB-b7 19, Kgl-g5 Eav7-£7 20. Wh8-hS Black resigned No.60 Mikenas — Botvinnik Moscow, 1941A transition into the ending by exchanging minidn )IUlmN Reliable control over the d4 square and the weakness of Black's king- side guarantee White's positional advantage. 1. Dgi-e2t Be4 or Lad=, Be ie Qb4-d5 3. De3:d5 Wa8:d5 Eas-c8 Wad5-d6 rs-as 4, Af2-13 5. Aa2-ad Preparing the exchange manoeuvre 6... Ads. S\f6-h5! 6. 2g5-f4 “NDR A bold decision! 7. Qf4-h2 Re7:na! Tacties serve strategy here. Now after 8.:£7? will follow 8...W:da4t 9.f:d4 Bel+ -+ 8. We2-d3 AfT-£51 8... Wida+? 9. Wide Bed4 10..8:n74 @B:h7 11.8 :d4 +. 9, Lbl-a2?! 9.Ag4 Ags 10.g¢2 Ded! 11.O£7 We7 12.8:d8 E:d8* is more persistent and Black exerts strong pressure on White's king, but White still holds, Soto b7-45 10. ‘e5-£7 Bn4-f2+! 11. Sgh:f2 Wa6:h2 79A transition into the ending by exchanging minor pieces 12, 9£7:48 ‘\h5-f4-+ 13, Wd3-f1 Bes-c2+ 14, bf2-e3 2\fa:g2+ 15. de3-43 fd5-e441 16, Afs:e4 ‘Dg2-fa+ Black won No.63 Braga — Portisch Mar del Plata, 1982 Black controls the d5 square and has no difficulties. He has to prevent White's rook transfer through the d3 square to the kkingside, 1. 13-05 do8-b7 2. Aa2-ad Dba-d5 3. Des-e4?! An exchange of minor pieces leads to Black's advantage. If 3.0d3, then 3...@:¢3 48:3 £d5 5,&b5 Sab! 6.Ac6? We7!-+ 7.D:07+ Wez 8.Lad Bea =. Sait AMK6:e4 4, We2:e4 Has-c8 5. Sea-ds Af7-£51 80 Black radically solves the problem of his King’s security. Here the weakness of the e6 pawn is difficult to use, Black's pieces are very active: 6. Wedel if 6. We2, then 6...2g5!F; 6... B:et 7THac) Ota 8. Wer D:g2 9.We7! leads to unclear play Ges &g8-hs 7. Mct-dz Da5-16 8, bd2-b4 This move reveals White's prob- lems. White has to exchange the darksquare bishop to Black’s advan- tage, es 5 16-45 9. 2b4-d2 Be7-g5! 10, £d2:g5? 10.4f3 is better, preventing the black queen's transfer to the king- side, where it wili exert strong pressure on White's king.into the ending by exchanging minor RO, ses Wd8:g57 Black controls the d5 square and 11. De5-£3 covers the central e5 and {4 squares. 12. Hal-el Black slrives lo exchange minor 13. Mdi:el pieces. 14, 43-1 tion. Ot6-45 15. Aga:ts Whe-g5+ 2. fe3-c1 Wos-c7 16. ¢gi-h Ah7-h6-+ 3. Des-ea White is in a difficult position because of the weakness of the kingside and d4 pawn, 17. Yel-b4 Bfs-d8 17... 216? 18. Bc8+ th7 19. We7 tl 18. Wb4-d2 Ae6-e5! 19, Ad4-d5 Ras:d5 20. Hel-c8+ @h8-h7 21, Yd2-c2 Ab6-b5 22. e818 Ta5-a3 23. Ye2-c8 Wg5-g2+! Black won Bw... 246-14! No.64. 4. &g2-g3 Afaicl Mikhalchishin — Psakhis 5. Edl:el We?-e7 Frunze, 1981 6. Dfl-e3 Ddb:e3 7, Wd3a:e3 Das-d8 8. Me1-di Mas-d77! Black wants to continue 9.,.Wd8, but White succeeds in destroying Black's plans. It was necessary to play 2g6-c7-d5 and [7-{5, keeping the advantage. 9. Dea-d2! White exploits the ineffective black knight's position at g6 and the b6 BlA transition into the ending by exchanging minor pieces pawn’s weakness and seizes the initiative. aS Dge-18 10. Dd2-c4! Ab6-b5 11.De4-e5 Ea7-a6 Now White's advantage is fixed by 12.4c5, > We3 establishing control over the e-file. No.65 Mikhalchishin — Sveshnikov Leningrad, 1976 The absence of a white a-pawn and ablack b-pawn gives White a chance (o play on the kingside as well as on the queenside. Occasionally White can use the c5 and a5 squares for invasion by minor pieces. 1. Df3-05 Ab7-ne 2. dgs-e3 Uf8-e8 3, Wdl-e2 e748 4. Eei-di Has-c8 5. ReB-cl?7! ... 82 White strives to attack, he wants to transfer his queen to the kingside, but it's groundless from a strategic point of view. 5.Ac4, D a5 is better. For example: 5... \fd5 6. a5 £28 7.2d2 Wh4=. Bees Be8-e7 6. We2-e3 Dba-c6! 7. De5:c6 cigs It was possible to continue 7. &d3!? by switching play to the queenside. Te wae Ec8:c6 8. Wes-gs Sg8-hs 9. Qcl-f4! Black has been successful in exchanging the strong knight on 5, but now it’s place is occupied by White’s bishop. Bye e7-a7 9... Nh5? 10.Wd3 10. &f4-05 218-46! Black consecutively fights against White's active pieces. 11, &b1-c2! «ee It's time to activate the bishop on the queenside IL... Hec6-b6 12. De3-a4? ba Decentralization! After 12.8a4 or 12.Habl a position of dynamic balance has been ercated. Ebe-b5! Bb5-d5. 124..% 13. Hal-clA transition into the ending by exchanging milter /G0l® Black transferred the rook to d5 and created strong piece pressure in the centre, 14, Da4-c3 La6:e05 15. Ad4ie5 Die-e4lF Black uses the weakness of the first rank and it is far from clear how White can prevent material losses, for example: 16.Wg4 0 9:03 17.A:c3, Bes . No.66 Marin — Dive Salonika, 1988 How should Black continue? : era Be7-g5! If 1,,, 21671 then 2.:e6! (2.Ad5? A:d5 3. H:e8+ Hie8 4.0:d5 Bel+ F) 2... A:d4t 3.2! WES 4.85 Af 5.Qg5 Ad6 6.B:¢8+ Bie8 7. Ah4t AbS 8. &b4 \c4-9.Hd7 &c6 10,.B:c4 Ac4 11,006 &. If 1... ££8?, then 2,8;f8 B:f8 3.Ad5 A:d5 4.8:45 +. 2, b3:6 2.Ad5 Q2:h6 3.A:c6 APG 4.Ac7+ g7 5.Qc6+ Gh8 6.048 A:ds 7A:d8W EKe:d8 8.Wids Welt +, Be ue fs Sg6:ne 3, Ab2-p4a WaS-g5 4, Le6:c8 Hes:e8 5. Ag2z-g3 Bes-ds> Black has an unsignificant advan- tage. No.67 Keres — Tal Moscow, 1957A transition into the ending by exchanging minor pieces How should Black continue? lew. At7-£5! ‘This is a concrete approach to the position. Though Black has a weak pawn on e6, he gives White minimal activity possibilities and exploits the wrong arrangement of white Pieces in the c2-c4-d4-d2 rectangle 2. 0-0 &c8-d7! 3. Be1-d17! It was better to play 3.£e3 3... cs 4.8c3 Das 5.He5 B:c3 6.A:¢3 for White, which led to an unclear position. Be ears Has-c8! 3...0c8 4.Mc3 £n5 5.0c4 Wed 6.Wb3+, or 3..,Ab5 4.Bc3 A:d4 5.Q:d4 Wid4 6.23 Is inferior and White has a dangerous initiative. 4, dd2-03 De6-a5 Provoking simplifications fayour- able for Black: White's dynamical possibilities decrease, the static weakness of the isolated d4 pawn increases. 5. Medic8 Mf8:c8 6, We2-e2 fe7-d6F 7. Of3-c5 wae 7. Bei?! Decl+ 8.&:c1 Ab3 9.83 Abd! 10.Me5 S:e5 11,415 &c6F (Tal) 7: ae Bd7-24 8, Badl-e1 Rd6:e5 9. Ad4:e5 Hes-a8 10. Ab2-b4 fad-c6! 84 . 11. Af2-£3 Wa5:43 12. We2:d3 Has:d3 13..Ab4:a5 Hd3:a3 14: 2e8:a7 Mas:a5> 15. Ba7-d4 ab-a2 16. Zel-bi Ha2-d2 17. £44-c3 Md2-2 18. 2c3-44 egs-17 19, 8h2-ha 7 19.Ah3 Af4 20.Eb2 Hel+ 21.2 AgS 22.07 g6 23.2n8 ef5 24,8d6 &h5 25, 2b8 245 26. 8d6 Aga 27,Ah:g4+ 28,Afig4+ Oig4 29,868 Abs 30.2d6 Hel 31..2b8 Ap4 32.846 Abs 33.fa2 Af 34.Bd4 Hea 35.H:e4+ Sre4-+ (Zuwe), 20. Mbi-ba Ah7-h6 21. Hba-b2 Be2:b2 22. Ad4a:b2 ge-h5 23. 2b2-a3 Sh5:h4a 24. 8a3-18 bha-g3 25. 2£8:g7 An6-hB 26. 2g7-h6 2c6:f31-+ 27. Ag2:f3 bg3:f3A transition into the ending by. exchanging mIN@F HIG 28, Ygi-11 &b7-bB 29. 2h6-d2 Ah5-h4a 30. 2d2-b4 Ah4-h3 31. 8f1-g1 kf3-e2 White resigned. No.68 Bronstein — Berger USSR, 1964 While's pieces are well situated, White intends to transfer his queen to the kingside and Black will be in a hot situation. Black has to strive to ease White's pressure by ex- changing pieces Variation 1,..2\fd5 Aces Df6-d5! 2. Qb3-c2 If 2,@e3?!, then (he manoeuvre 2,..A:c3 3.4:c3 La4 merits atten- tion, neutralizing the lightsquare white bishop. But 2..2:e7! Die7+ (2...Wie7 3.0:d5 Add 4.Hacl Wd 5.Be3 2c6 6. Al4+) 3. 8c2 Ag6 was stronger, White has preserved unsignificant advantage. Be hues Ag7-g6 3. gs-he Da5-ba= Main line in this game Ta rome Db6-d5?1 2. Eft-er 3 White mounted strong pressure on the king’s position. Bak d7-c6 3, Wa3-h3 Black cannot ease the pressure by 3... Ah6 4.0:h6! A:h6 5.W:h6 Dh7 6.27. After 3...Ag6 then 4.2h6 Res 5.:17! @:f7 6.Webt. Byes te Aa7-26 4, Hal-di Ab7-b5 5. &b3-c2 Was-d6 5... Ab4 changes nothing In view of 6.De. If 6.@:d5 then 6...0:d5 7.8:f6 B:e2 and Black holds, 6. De5:c6 EcB:c6 7. Ags:6 DASE 8. Dea-c4! Black resigned.A transition into the ending by exchanging minor pieces No.69 Smyslov — Ribli London, 1983 White's pieces are aiming at the black king, and their attack looks dangerous. Black can rely on the neutralization of White's activity by an exchange of lightsquarc bishops If 1... Qg6 (with the threat 2..,.b5), then 2.8a4!, preventing 2...Lb5. White's subsequent plans include &h2-h4-hS, or De2-g3-h5. Bean. &d7-242 After Unis move Black falls under attack, 2, Wea-h7+ ogs-£8 3. Hacer Rad-bb 4. Xd3:b5 Wbe:bs 5. De2-g3 De7-g6 6. Of3-05! d5-e7 7, Ser:het White attacks using the dynamism of his pieces, 86 7.On5 f:e5 8.A:e5 OS 9.4:g71 :g7 10. £:h6 +- was good enough. Ts pigs Dge:e5 7... 8:e5 8. B:e5 D:e5 9.Wig7+ bes 10.A:e5t 8. Dg3-hs! De5-13+ 9, Agz:fs De7-15 10. \n5:f6 @LS:h6 11. Ad4a-d5! White's attack Is very dangerous Wb5:b2 18. Hel:e6+! — Af7:06 14. Wh8:g7+ Dh6-£7 15.Ad5-d6+! - d8:d6 16.5f6-d5+ Bae:d5 17. Wg7:b2 White has an advantage and he wins without much trouble. Variation 1... 2b5! l.- 9.4a7-b5! 2. We4-h7+A transition into the ending by exchanging minor pieces 2.2c2 D5 3.Dg3 3...De7=. Boat &g8-£8 3, De2-g3 2b5:43 4. Wh7:d3 Ba8-c8 5. Bh2-h3= The position is equal. No.70 Zamihovsky-Konstantinopolsky Kiev, 1931 Black controls the d5 point, but White's night on c5 doesn’t com- pensate the static weakness of the 4 pawn. Aue. @d5-b4! The exchange of minor pieces is advantagous for Black because White's attack potential decreases, and it is easier to use the weak d4 pawn 2. Was-e2 2.Wfl 2:62 3.W:62 was stronger, trying to keep control over the light squares. Black could continue 3... Q6d5 4.4a3 D:c3 5.A:03 Odd mainting a small advantage. Be erie Sb7:g2 3. Oglig2 Tre-ds 4. We2-e4 ? White isn’t tempted by the poisoned pawn: 4.8a3 4d5 5,0:d5 @:d5 6.Q:a6? Wh7 7.0c5 Di4++ -+. 4. cae Db6-c4 5. Aa2-ag Qb4-c6 6. Ab2-b3 . It Is impossible to take the a6 pawn because of 6,0:a6 4:b2 7.Hd2 Det 8.Uddl Was 9.Dc5 DidalF. Boxe Ac4-aB 7. Wear-f4 Qae-15 8. De3-e2! Ag7-66 Avoiding the trap; 8..,2\¢:d4?.9.:d4 H:c5 10, Hic5t Wic5 11.0:15 Brat 12.Wb8+ Wrs 13.He7+ +-. 9. Ab3-ba Ba6-a5 10. Ab4:a5 De6:a5 87A transition Into the ending by exchanging’ minor pieces 11, Wi4-42 Be8:c5! 11, Qed?! 12.Wb4 2:d4? 13. 2:04 Bich? 14. Dc6! is bad. 12, Wd2:a5 Mf 12. 2:05, then 12...Ab3 13, Yeo @:cS 14.A:c5 Bedi 15.8:d1 Wicd 12... Bc5-d5-+ With the deadly threat Ac6-c5. 13. Mel-c7 We7-g5 14, Wa5-c3 We5-24 15. Af2-43 We4-g5 16, Sg2-£2 We5-he 17, Ab2-h4 Ae6-e5! 18; Le7-cB whe-fs 19, Le8-07 Sebida 20. Wes-d3 d5-e5 21, Hdl-cl Be5-e3 22. Wd3:b5 Ad4-a3 23. De2-f4 Mes:f3+! White resigned. 88 No.71 Fischer — Filip Palma de Mallorca, 1970 Uy, WY y Ui, - Wh, Yi 1. a4-b51 Foreing a favourable exchange Lanes We8:b5 2, Wes:es The pawn at d5 is weakened after the exchange of Black's darksquare bishop, dark squares near the black king are weak also and this gives White extra chances. at ese fifs-e8 3. We5-b2 It is necessary to keep control over the important al-h8 diagonal ae Bes-c5 Black strives for counterplay along the e-file. 4, Ma1-d2 5. Ah2-h4! Striving to create a second weak- ness on the kingside De8-c8A transition into the ending by exchanging MING Be sce Ec5-e3 Black attempts to protect the weak dark squares. 6. Bel-di Wb5-c5. With the threat 7...2:g3 8.Ab4 M:ga+ 9.%6:g2 Ad4a+t. 7. Abs-b4 We5-e7 8. Ae2-e3 &h7-h5 8...AaB!? 9, Aa2-ad &gs-h7 10. 2g2:d5 2b7:d5 11. 2.d2:d5 We7-e4 12. Rd5-d8+- Now the rook at c3 cannot move AB ns, We4-£3 13. &gi-h2 Bc8-ca 14. Ba1-a7! Ag6-g5 15, as-f8 h7-6 16. Rf8-g8+ wbg6-h7 17. 2g8:g5 Bic4-c8 18. Ed7-d5 &h7-he 19, 2d5-£5 Black resigned. No.72 Ragozin — Capablanca Moscow, 1936 Black compleicly controls the d5 square, but White has a strong forepost at c5, Assesement of this position considerably depends on Black's abilily to use the weakness of the d4 pawn. 1, Wdi-e2 2.d6-b8 2, cl-ed ‘Nf6-A5 3. Mat-di Dd5:e3 Capablanca considered this ex- change to be premature and re- commended 3,.,.£a7, although White has excellent chances {o play after 4.0h] O:c3 5.Wied Die 6.0e4 Ads (6...8:e4 7.2:e4 Ads 8,Wh3 Afs 9.Ac6 Pdd +) 7,\Wh3, 4, We2:e3 2b8-a7 5B. Od3-e4 5.Whl is good, transposing lo the above mentioned line Baas Sb7:e4 6. Dgs:e4 Ba8-e8 89An isolated pawn in the ending 6. (6?! 7,0:16+ A:f6 (7...W:667 B.Dd7 +-) B.Dg4 +. 7. Wogi-hi! 7,Qd6 rather tempting, but after 7... Oie5 8.0:08 Aga 9.Wes Bidar 10,@h1 e8 Black has the advan- tage. 25 RS Wd8-e7 If 7...Bc2, then 8.Wb3 Be2? 9. gs +-. 8. Hdl-cl He8:cl 9. Mer DA7:e5 9..Db6 10.Bc6 Ads 11.Wa2 Dacs+. 10. Afare5. ifs-a8 11.De4-d6 &a7-b8 12. 2d6-b5, We7-b7 13. Bel-c5 Ah7-h6 tas-d5 14, Ab2-h3 15. Wes-c1 Now it necessary to maintain ba- lance by 15... B:c5 16.!:c5 Gh7 17.Ad6 Was! %, as Ragozin recommended, Subject: An isolated pawn in the ending. No.73 Flohr — Vidmar Nottingham, 1936 How should White continue? 1. Ad4:e6! Has-c8 2, Zel-c5? The next moves should be 2 Seat Aic6 4. faba ger 5.43 wae 6.hd4 + Bs a8 Ab7:c6? Simple 2... E:c6! was giving an Easy draw after 3.B:c6 (3.H:d5 Bea) Acc6 4. Abe be7 5. be2 Sd6 6.3 3. Wfl-e2 bf8-e7 4, %e2-d3 be7-d6 5. He5-a5 He8-28 6. 43-44 AL7-15ias-b8 ibs-a8 7. Ab3-b4a 8. Aa2-a3 ay) Vay Ui owe Y, WY oe “al White has firmly fixed the a6 pawn and the hanging pawn pair e6+d5 in the centre, In order to win it is necessary to create a second weak- ness on the kingside. alt 9. Ae3-e4! Af5:04 10. Afsie4 Adb:e4 11. Wd4:e4 2as-a7 12.e4-f4 Ah7-h6 13. Ah2-h4 bd6-e6 14. bf4-g4 Ha7-a8 15. Ah4-h5! Ag6-g5 White has pinned the weak h6 position and now is poised to win by a combined attack on both flanks. 16. Ag2-g3 Has-a7 17. ga-£3 Ha7-a8 18. bf3-e4 Ha8-a7 19. bea-d4 be6-d6 20. td4-e4 bd6-e6 21. Ha5-e5+ be6-d6 22. He5-e8 Ac6-c5 23. He8-d8+ bd6-c6 24. Ed8-c8+ bes-be An isolated pawn in thi muon 25. Hes:e5 az7-h7 26. He5-e5 \bb6-c6 27. We5-e6+ bc6-b5 28. vea-£5 h7-£7+ 29, he6-£6 White won. No.74 Flohr — Pire Podebrady, 1936 This is a typical endgame position with the isolated pawn in the’cen- tre. White strives to realize his minimal positional advantage and first of all centralizes his king for that purpose. 1. @dl-c2 Dd6-c4 2. Af2-£3 Dea-cb 3. Sc2-3 Be7-der! 3..A:b3! 4.8:b3 Abel waa necessary, Black tries to avoid diffl- culties and builds his defence jus like in the well known Flohr —— Capablanca game 4, &b3-c2! Ag7-g6?An isolated pawn In the ending 4... Ah6 was necessary to place the TBs. 23 Des-16 pawns on the dark squares, be- 13. Db3-c5 Di6-e8 cause the bishop ts lightsquare. 14. Aga-g5+- Des-c7 5. Aa2-a4 Be6-d7 15. £62-f3 De7-e8 6. Aad-a5! 16. Ac5-b3 &c6-d7 17. Db3-d4 DeB-c7 White fixes Black's pawns on the 18. Of3-e2 d7-c8 light squares. 19. Ah2-ha 208-47 nee Ach-e6 20. Ah4-h5 De7-e8 7. Ab2-b4 Ree 21. Ah5-h6 bd6-e7 22. 8e2-£3 &.d7-06 Afler exchanging the knights the 23.\44-b3 De8-c7 bishop endgame is advantageous 24, \b3-c5 2e6-c8 for, White 25. 2 £3-e2 be7-d6 od Deb-e7 26. Le2-d3 Ac7-c8 8. Sc2-d3 247-8 27. Ae3-c4 Ad5ie4 28. Dd3:04 De8-c7 Black is waiting passively. He should 29, DeS:b7+ 2c8:b7 have risked 6...Ah6, > Ag5. 80. .c4:b7 Dev-e6 9. Afs-f4 fe8-d7 31. 0.b7:a6 De:fa 10. 2d3-e2 De7-e8 32. 0a6-c4 11.4d4-b3 d7-c6 Black resigned 12. Ag2-gal No.75 Polugayevsky — Mecking Mar del Plata. 1971 White strives to fix the placement of black pawns on the kingside by advancing g and h pawns. This will give him a winning position. 92How should White continue? 1, Aad-a5t Fixing the pawns of Black's qucen- side on the light squares. eee sbg8-£87! 1...De6!? 2.De2 Dc5 3.Rc2* was stronger. 2. &gi-f bf8-e7 2...4h617, D&e6. 3. bf1-e2 Ag7-g6?! The move 3...8h6!? was better in this position. 4. Be2-d2 De7-6 5. Dd4:e67! 5.Gc3 Ach 6.Rc2+, or 6. Le2!? De4+ 7.Bb4 O12 8,5 Derr 9.8b6 Adé6 10.We7 Ags (10... Af5 11,.0£3 Be6 12,e2 +) 11.813 Le6 12.A4g4 +, D@f5+ was better (Tim- man) Be asi Sf7ie6 ‘The bishop endgame is hopeless for Black after 5, 8:6? 6. Af2-f4 Se6-e5! 7. Aga-g3 An isolated pawn in the ending) Ge7-d6? 7... 2d5t 8.2c2 Sd6 9.Gc3 Leg 10.21! &f1 11.b4 Ada! 12.A:d4 A:d4 13.%e4 @c7 14.4c5 Ads 15.@d4 Ad2 16..%£3 Ab6! 17.A:b6+ @:b6 18.8c3 Bcd! 19.H:d2 Sd4 = (Timman), 8. Gd2-c3 &.d7-e6 8.,.2b5 9,8:b5 A:bS 10,b4 Ada 11.Are5+ +- 9. &e3-b4a Aes:f4 10. Aga:f4+ Re6-g4 11. %b4-c3 Sga-ts 12. be3-da 2£3-g2 13. Ah2-ha Og2-£3 14. Ab3-b4 Sf3-hi 15. 8d3-e2 2n1-g2 16, &e2-g4 Og2-e4 17. 2g4-c8 hd6-c7 18. 2c8-e6 Se7-d6 19. 2¢6-g8 Ah7-h6 20, 28-17 AbG6-h5: 21. 27-8 fed-e2 22, 2¢8-£7 Le2-04 23, Sf4-£5! Reats 3An isolated pawn in the ending 29. A524. B:h5 de6 25.202 ba 26, 8h5 Wee 27.An6 dr6 28, :a6t AvaG 29.Ab5! +-. 24. 217:45 215-c8 25. Ac3-c4 d6-c7 26. 8d4-e5 Ag6-g5 27. Ah4:g5 An5-h4 28. Ag5-g6 Ah4-h8 29. Ag6-g7 Sn8-h2 30.Ag7-g84% Ah2-hi lf 31.Wg8-17+ we7-d8 32. WE7-18+ Black resigned No.76 Karpov — Hort Budapest, 1973 How should White continue? 1, &f2-f381+ By taking control over the e4 square White limits the activity of the knight on {6 and simultaneously prepares to transfer his king to the centre, oa j Nes-c8 Eci:c8+ Sd7:c8 bg8-£7 BLU Fixing a6 and b5 pawns on square of the same colour as thal of the black bishop Bao is Ag7-g6 5...Ah6 6.2g6+, 6. Ags-g4! Now White strives to fix Black! kingside pawns on light squares 6. Di6-d7 7. SfS-£4 Dd7-£8 8. Ag4-g5tt+- White has fulfilled his strateg task and all Black's pawns al} situated on light squares! BFW be7-46 9. $e3-f3 DEB-e6 10. Dd4:e6 2eB:e6 11. &£3-e3 be6-g4 12. 2b1-d3 ga-e613. e3-d4 Re6-ga 14. 2d3-c2 bga-e6 15. £e2-b3 fe6-£7 16. 0b3-d1 2£7-06 17. hd1-f3 be6-£7 18. 2f3-g4 a) (Waek resigned because of the pos- ible loss of pawns after this ma- wiivre &g4-c8:a6. The transition ithe pawn endgame after 18....8.f7- fH niso leads to Black's defeat. No.77 | Ribli — Pinter Baile Herculane, 1982 p h2 is stronger than the knight on but the weakness of the d5 Es, Sa3 bg8-£7 2. &f3-g2 SI7-06 3. Af2-f4 Af6-4571 Now the bishop works more effee- tively and white rooks control the g- file for active operations. 3,.,Ag6 is _ Stronger, 4. Aga:f5+ Be6:i5 5, &g2-13 Gf5-e6 6. Ah2-h4 Has-£8 7. Gf3-g4 Ag7-g6? Black ignores White's threats Be3-e4, 8. Ae3-e4! Ah7-h5+ 8...Bfd6 9.4:d5+ B:d5 10, 2:5 Bids 11.B:d5 @:d5 12.A05 +-. 9. bga-g5+ Adb-d4 10, @b2:d4 6-48 11, 2d4-g7 DaBA7+ 12, Sg5:g6 O7-nB+ 13. &g6-he Dn8-f7+ 14, Gh6:hS Black resigned.An isolated pawn in the ending No.78 Flohr — Botvinnik Leningrad, 1933 Lewes ‘DeB-ad! The knight on the edge of the board keeps a perfect position because it prevents the development of the bishop on cl. 2, DQgi-ez ®e7-£61 The bishop lakes up an active position and releases the e7 square for the knight. where it ean join in the struggle for the blockaded square 4, 3, Ac2-e3 Dg8-e7 4.0-0 0-0 5. Henan Efe-as 6. Hal-bi F Otherwise it is difficult to develop the bishop on cl, 96 Ha8s-c8 Gs! 4.5.5 7. Sgl-ti Aa7-aB! The knight on a4 has performed its duty, now il has to be transferred to a more active position, but immediate 7.,.Ab67{ is worse: because of 8.8e3! Ac4 9. 8d4t. 8, De2-d4 8.fe3 Afsit. Reocaiens 9. Db3-as 10. Da5:e4 Daa-be Db6-c4 10,4:b7? Baz *, 100%. . 11. Qcl-e3 12. 2d4-£3 Ad5:c4 De?7-d5 A draw,No.79 Flohr — Capablanca Moscow, 1936 he White has an advantage, which is determined by the weak isolated pawn d5 and the knight's superi ority over the bishop. lee 18-07 2. bel-d2 We7-d6 3. bd2-03 Ab7-b6 Black's plan of defence: the bishop controls the light squares, Black's pawns are placed on dark squares; Black strives to limit the activity of White's king and knight and to prevent the creation of pawn weak- nesses. 4. Af2-f4 £e6-d7 5. 4)d4-£3 AfT7-£6 6. Ge3-d4 Aa6-a5 7. f3-a2 £d7-c8 8. Dd2-b1 AcB-c6 9, Dbl-c3 d6-c6 10. Aa2-a3 Ab7-h6 An isolated pawn in thi @ndifiy ] An6-H5?! 11. Ag2-g3 Black breaks the rule by setting the pawn on the light square. and at once he runs into difficulties. 12, Ab2-ba AaS:b4 13. Aa3:ba bc6-d6 14. Aba-b5 Ag7-g6 14,,.86721 16.Af5! Sgs 16.He2 Br7 17,.Af4a+ 15, DeB-a4 ‘@d6-c7 16, Da4-c3 ‘’e7-d6 17. Af4-£5! Age:f5 17...@:15 18,0:d5 £d7 19.416 2:b5 20.05 + 18. De3-e2 Re6-d77! 18..,2g8! 19.014 2f7 20,8h3 eB th. 19. De2-f4 2d7-08 20. Df4:d5 Qe8:b5 21. Dd5:b6 &bB-c6 Black has to prevent White's knigh{ from transferring to F4, 97An isolated pawn in the ending 22. \b6-c4+ bd6-e6 23. De4a-b2 Le6-b5 24. Nb2-d1 2b5-e2 25. \dl-£2 Be2-f1! 26. {2-43 ££1:43 27.ed4a:d3 be6-e5 28, bd3-e2 We5-e4 29. Ah2-h3 29,012 Ana! = 29... Bet-d5 30. Ge2-£3 @d5-5 Draw. No.80 Belavenets — Rauser Moscow, 1937 ve Ley oar Ae, (Ae Yi, a i . EI x White stands slightly better be cause of the weakness of the d5 pawn, 1, Wgi-f1 \bgs-f8 1,..8g7, Dwg7-16-e5 was better. 2. Af2-43 2.e2? Adat F, Be wae b£8-e7 98 3. Wfl-e2 e7-6 4, be2-43 we6-e5 5. Afs-fa+ beb-e6 6. ba3-aa a 6 wes Ge6-d6 White has to create one more weak- ness to increase his advantage. It may be created on the kingside, where the black pawns are positioned rather clumsily, 7. Ab2-b4 8. Ab4-b5 White strengthens his position on the queenside as much as possible, d6-e6 Boobies 2e6-b7 9. De3-a2 be6-d6 10. a2-ba bd6-e6 10...Af6! would have been better, striving to prevent a second weak. ness on the kingside. 11. Ag2-g4! White has started creating a second weakness on the kingside. 11.c6? = Be is weaker because of 11