Double Integrals in

Polar Form

1
Double Integrals in Polar System

2
Double Integrals in Polar System (Cont.)


1  r  
2
r  
2

Ak =  rk +  −  rk −    = rk r
2  2   2  
3
Double Integrals in Polar System (Cont.)

4
 Double Integrals in Polar System (Cont.)
Example: Find the area of region bounded by r =1 and x coordinate axis.

First finding the limits of integration in a polar coordinates for the

region
 1
Solution: 
A =   rdrd =
0 0
2
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 Double Integrals in Polar System (Cont.)
Example: Find the area of region bounded by x 2 + y 2 = 4 , x=0 and y = 2 .

Finding the limits of integration

Solution: in a polar coordinates for the
region
  
2 2
1 
2
2    cos   2 
A=   rdrd =   4 − d  = − −  = −1
 2
2 sin  
2
2  sin    2
4
4 sin  4

6
 Double Integrals in Polar System (Cont.)
Example: Find the area of region bounded by r = 1 and r = 1+ cos  .

Solution:

Finding the limits of integration in a polar coordinates for the region

 
2 1+ cos

 ( 2 cos  + cos  )d = 2 + 4
2
1
A=   rdrd = 2

1
2 7
− −
2 2
 Double Integrals in Polar System (Cont.)
Example: Find the area of region bounded by r 2 = 4cos 2
and x coordinate axis in the first quadrant.

Solution:
Finding the limits of integration in a polar coordinates for the region

4 4 cos 2
A=   rdrd = 1
0 0 8
 Double Integrals in Polar System (Cont.)
Example: Find the area of region bounded by x 2 + y 2 = 4, y = 3 x,
and y = 1.

Solution:

 

1 3 
3 2
1
A=  rdrd =   4 − 2 d
 1 2 sin  
6 sin  6

1  cos   3
= − −
3 2  sin   
6

 1 cos 600 sin 300 − sin 600 cos 300

= +
3 2 sin 300 sin 600
9
 Application of Double Integrals
Applications of double integrals

Mass and its center:

 x ( x, y)dA
xc = A

  ( x, y)dA
xi

 y ( x, y)dA C: mass center

yc = A

  ( x, y)dA
yi

ρ(x, y): mass density function

10
 Application of Double Integrals (Cont.)
Example: Determine the center of the area of
the triangle shown in the figure.

Solution:
b
h 
 xdA   b
x (b − x ) 1 2
dx 
hb
6 b
x= R
= b 0
= =
 dA   h (b − x )dx 1 bh 3
R  b  2
0

h
b  R
 ydA   h
y (h − y )dy1 2

bh
h
y= R = h 0
=6 =
 dA  
  h (h − y )dy 2
b 1
bh 3
R
0 11
 Application of Double Integrals (Cont.)

Example: 7. A lamina occupies

EXAMPLE
the region bounded by the line y y
= x + 2 and the parabola y = x2.
The mass density at the point P
(x, y) is ρ = kx2 (where k is the
proportionality constant). Find y = x +2
the mass and mass center of the
lamina.

Solution: R y = x2

Sketch the lamina region as x

shown on the right.
12
 Application of Double Integrals (Cont.)

y
The line and the parabola
intersect at the two points:
x 2 = x + 2  x = −1, 2
y = x +2

(-1, 1), (2, 4)

Obviously, R is an x simple R y = x2
region.
x

13
 Application of Double Integrals (Cont.)

Mass of the lamina:

2 x+2 2
  ( x, y )dA =   kx dy ]dx = k  [ x 2 y ] yy == xx2+ 2 dx
2
[
−1 x2 −1
R
2 63 y

= k ( x + 2 x − x )dx =
3 2 4
k
−1 20
The coordinates of the mass center y = x+2

 x ( x, y)dA  y ( x, y)dA R y = x2
xc = R
yc = A

  ( x, y)dA   ( x, y)dA
A
x
R

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 Application of Double Integrals (Cont.)

2 x+2 2
   2 
y= x+2
Since x ( x , y ) dA = [ kx dy ]3
dx = k [ x 3
y ] y= x2
dx
−1 x −1
R
2 18
= k  ( x + 2 x − x )dx = k
4 3 5
−1 5
2 x+2 2 1
R  −1 x2 −1 2 y ] y = x2 dx
2 2 y = x+2
y ( x , y ) dA = [ kyx 2
dy ]dx = k [ x

k 2 4 531
=  ( x + 4 x 3 + 4 x 2 − x 6 )dx = k
2 −1 70

18k 20 8 531k 20 118

xc = = , yc = =
5 63k 7 70 63k 49

15
 Application of Double Integrals (Cont.)
Composite Area

x=
 xW
~
y=
 yW
~

W W
x , y represent the coordinates of the center of gravity of the composite centre.
~
x, ~y represent the coordinates of the center of gravity of the each composite body.
W is the sum of the weights of all the composite parts of the body,
or simply the total weight of the body.

When the dencity is a constant, we have

x=
 ~
xA
y=
 ~
yA
A A
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 Application of Double Integrals (Cont.)
Locate the centroid of the plate
Example: area shown in the figure

Solution:

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 Application of Double Integrals (Cont.)

Moment of inertia:

I x =  y 2dA
R
I y =  x 2 dA
R xi

Polar Moment of inertia:

I o =  r 2 dA r
yi
R

=  ( x 2 + y 2 )dA O
R

= Iy + Ix
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 Application of Double Integrals (Cont.)
Example: Determine the moment of inertia
with respect to the x axis for the
circular area shown in the figure.

Solution:

a a2 − y2 a
I x =  y 2dA =   y 2
dxdy =  2 y 2
a 2
− y 2
dy
R −a− a 2 − y 2 −a

  R
2 4 2
a 4
= 2  a 4 (sin  cos  ) d =  (1 − cos 4 )d =
2 a
 4 4
− −
2 2
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 Application of Double Integrals (Cont.)
Example: Determine the moment of inertia Ix of the shaded
area.

Solution:

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 Application of Double Integrals (Cont.)
Parallel-axis Theorem for an area

Parallel-axis Theorem for an area can be

used to find the moment of inertia of an
area about any axis that is parallel to an
axis passing through the centroid and
about which the moment of inertia is
known.

I x =  ( y '+ d y )2 dA =  y '2 dA + 2d y  y ' dA + d y2  dA

R R R R

I x = I x ' + Ad y2 I y = I y ' + Ad x2 I O = I C + Ad 2
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 Application of Double Integrals (Cont.)
Example: Determine the moment of inertia for the rectangular
area shown in the figure with respect to (a) the
centroidal x’ axis, (b) the axis xb , and (c) the z’ axis
perpendicular to the x’-y’ plane and passing through
the centroid C.

Solution:
h2 3
I x ' =  y '2 dA =  y '2 (bdy' ) =
bh
(a)
R −h 2
12

2
h
3
bh 1 3
(b) I xb = I x ' + Ad y2 = + bh  = bh
12 2 3 R

(c) IC = I x' + I y ' =

bh3 hb3 bh 2
12
+ =
12 12
h + b2 ( )
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Application of Double Integrals (Cont.)

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 Application of Double Integrals (Cont.)
Determine the moment of inertia
Example:
for the area shown in the figure
about the x axis.

Solution:

=  (25)4 +  (25)2 (75)2 = 11.4 R106 mm4

1
Circle: I x = I x' +
Ad y2
4
I x = I x ' + Ad y = (100)(150)3 + (100)(150)(75)2 = 112.5  106 mm4
2 1
Rectangle:
12

The area: I x = 112.5  106 mm4 − 11.4  106 mm4 = 101.1  106 mm4 24
 Application of Double Integrals (Cont.)
Determine the moment of inertia
Example:
for the cross-section area shown
in the figure about the x and y
centroidal axes.

Solution:

25
 Application of Double Integrals (Cont.)
Solution:

Rectangles B: Ix =
1
(600)(100)3 = 0.05  109 mm4
12
I y = (100)(600)3 = 1.8  109 mm4
1
12

Rectangles I x = I x ' + Ad y2 =
1
(100)(300)3 + (100)(300)(200)2 = 1.425  109 mm4
12
A and D:
I y = I y ' + Ad x2 = (300)(100)3 + (100)(300)(250)2 = 1.9  109 mm4
1
12
R

The entire I x = 2  1.425(109 ) + 0.05(109 ) = 2.9(109 )mm4

cross section: I y = 2  1.9(109 ) + 1.8(109 ) = 5.6(109 )mm4

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 Assignment 2
.

1. Calculate the value of mass of the body which is bounded by the paraboloid
and plane x = 0. The density is ρ = (yz)2 .

Calculate the volume between the surfaces z = 3 − x − y and z = 2 x + 2 y .

2 2 2 2
2.

3. Suppose the density function of the triangle plane is  ( x, y ) = x + y ,

2 2

find the coordinates of the mass center of the plane region which is surrounded
by y = 0, y = x and x = 1.

4. Calculate the moment of inertia Ix and Iy of the plane region surrounded by

9
y2 = x, x = 2 .
2

27
 Assignment 2
.

5. (a) Find the coordinates of the mass center of the plane region which
consists of a semicircular of radius a sitting atop a rectangular of
width 2a and height b whose base is on the x-axis;

(b) Then calculate its Ix and Iy.

x
(-a, 0) (a, 0)

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 Assignment 2
.

6. Locate the centroid y of the channel’s cross section

area.

7. Locate the centroid x of the cross section area shown

in the figure.

Due Date: 3 Feb 2020

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