1 1 mulas sin u = cos u = csc u sec u 1 − cos(2u) 1 1 sin2 u = tan u = cot u = 2 cot u tan u 1 + cos(2u) 1 1 cos2 u = csc u = sec u = 2 sin u cos u 1 − cos(2u) • Pythagorean Identities tan2 u = 1 + cos(2u) sin2 u + cos2 u = 1 • Sum-to-Product Formulas 1 + tan2 u = sec2 u 1 + cot2 u = csc2 u u+v u−v sin u + sin v = 2 sin cos 2 2 • Quotient Identities
sin u cos u u+v u−v tan u = cot u = sin u − sin v = 2 cos sin cos u sin u 2 2 • Co-Function Identities π π u+v u−v sin( − u) = cos u cos( − u) = sin u cos u + cos v = 2 cos cos 2 2 2 2 π π u+v
u−v
tan( − u) = cot u cot( − u) = tan u cos u − cos v = −2 sin sin 2 2 2 2 π π csc( − u) = sec u sec( − u) = csc u • Product-to-Sum Formulas 2 2 • Parity Identities (Even & Odd) 1 sin u sin v = [cos(u − v) − cos(u + v)] sin(−u) = − sin u cos(−u) = cos u 2 tan(−u) = − tan u cot(−u) = − cot u 1 csc(−u) = − csc u sec(−u) = sec u cos u cos v = [cos(u − v) + cos(u + v)] 2 • Sum & Difference Formulas 1 sin u cos v = [sin(u + v) + sin(u − v)] sin(u ± v) = sin u cos v ± cos u sin v 2 cos(u ± v) = cos u cos v ∓ sin u sin v 1 tan u ± tan v cos u sin v = [sin(u + v) − sin(u − v)] tan(u ± v) = 2 1 ∓ tan u tan v • Double Angle Formulas sin(2u) = 2 sin u cos u cos(2u) = cos2 u − sin2 u = 2 cos2 u − 1 = 1 − 2 sin2 u 2 tan u tan(2u) = 1 − tan2 u