19 andbok of COMD-19 Prevention an Heatment ‘he goal of MOT lscusion i to aciove personalized treatment. The weatment plan should be adjusted to each person winen considering the diferences among individual, courses of sease and patent tyoes. ‘ur experience is that HO collaboration can greatly improve the effectiveness ofthe dlagnoss and eatment of OVID, I. Etiology and Inflammation Indicators © detection of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid Ti Speeimen collection AAparopriate specimens, cllection methodds and collection timing are important to imorove detection sersitviy. Specimen types include: upper airway specimens {pharyngeal swabs, nasal svabs, nasopharyngeal secretions, ower airway specimens Gputum, aia secretions, bronchoalveolar lavage fui, Blood, fezes, urine snd Conjunctival secretions. Sputum and other lower respiratory tract specimens have. & high postive vate of nucite acide and should be collected preferentaly. SARS. CoV-2 preferentially proliferates in type Il alvecar cells (AT2) and pea of viral shedding ‘Sppears 3t0 5 days after the onset of disease. Therefore, ifthe nucteic aca test Is negative at the beginning, samples should continue to be collected and tested on subsequent days, 1.2 Nuclei Acid Detection Nucleic acid testing ithe preferred method for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection. The testing process aecording 10 the Kit nstuctions fas follows: Specimens. are pre-processed, and the vinis'sysed to exact nucleic acids, The tree specific genes of 5aRS-Cov'2, namely the Open Reading Frame Ta/o (ORF a/b), nueteacapsid proten (i), and envelope protein (€) genes, are then amoliied iy real-time quantitative PC technology, The ampliied genes are detected by fluorescence intensity. criteria of posite ncleic acid results are: ORFla/b gene is positive, and/or N gene/E gene are ‘The combined detection of nucleic acids from multile types of specimens can imorove the diagnostic accuracy. Among patients with confirmed posite nuctele seid in respiratory tact, about 30h" a0% of these patents nave detected viral naclele sci in {he blood and about 50% ~ 60% of patients have detected vratnuctelc acid in feces However, tne postive rate of nuciele acd testing. murine samples quite low, CCombinedzestingwith specimens rom respiratory tract, feces, load and otnertypesot Specimens is neinf for improving the diagnostic sensthity of suspected caces, ‘antoring treatment efficacy and the management of post-discharge isolation © Virus isolation and Culture Virus culture must be performed in laboratory with qualified Siasafety Level 3 (851-3). {ihe process's briefly descrived as follows! Fresh samples of the patient's =putum, {ces ete ate obtained and inoculated on Vero-E6 ces for vrus culture The cytopathic ftfet (CPE) ie observed after 96 hours. Detection of vial nueelc acid In the culture ‘medium indicates a successtulcutture. vfs ter measurement After diuing the Virus Stock concentration by 2 factor of 10 in series, the TCIDS0 is determined By the ‘miro-eytopathic method, Otherwse, vial vabilty Is determined by plaque forming unit (oru},