LOCAL ANESTHETICS

BY
MR. YASH YADAV
Assistant Professor
AIPER,Indore [MP]
Definition of Local Anesthesia

A loss of sensation in a circumscribed area of the body caused by a

depression of excitation in nerve endings

Or

An inhibition of the conduction process in peripheral nerves; no

loss of consciousness occurs

They block generation and conduction of nerve impulse at any part

of the neurone with which they come in contact. without causing
any structural damage
Properties of Local Anesthetics
1) Not irritating to the tissue
2) No permanent alteration of nerve structure
3) Systemic toxicity should be low
4) Effective whether injected or applied topically
5) Time of onset of anesthesia should be as short as possible
6) Duration of action must be long enough to complete the
procedure but not so long as to require an extended recovery
7) Should be stable in solution and easily biotransformed
8) Should not cause allergic reactions
9) Should be sterile or capable of being sterilized by use of heat
Mechanism of LAs
Classification
 Clinical Examples of their Use

• Topically: Nasal mucosa and wound margins

• Infiltration: Vicinity of peripheral nerve endings and major

nerve trunks

• Epidural or Subarachnoid spaces: surrounding spinal

nerves

• Regional anesthesia: Intravenous injection in arm or leg

(Bier block)
Pharmacological Action
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