by

DR. Karim Badr Hussein

 Simple Concepts in Irrigation

Definition of Irrigation
Irrigation means the action of
applying water to land in order to
supply crops and other plants with
necessary water.

Irrigation Water Management

Irrigation Water Management is the process of determining
Where:
and controlling the volume, frequency and application rate of
microorganism, min.
irrigation
Objectives of Irrigation
Objectives of Irrigation
Components of Irrigation System:
1. Source: as water streams, precipitation and
groundwater
2. Diversion: as weirs, diversion structure and
pumps.
3. Storage: as rivers, lakes and groundwater.
4. Delivery System to field: as canals and pipelines.
5. Application System: as surface irrigation,
subsurface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and
trickle irrigation.
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Crossing Structures
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 Methods of Irrigation

Modern System
Surface Subsurface Irrigation
Irrigation Irrigation a) Sprinkler Irr.
b) Drip Irr.
There are many different types of irrigation that can be used
 Methods of field water application

1. Surface Irrigation

Just flooding water.

Water is supplied as if
by small flood. About
90% of the irrigated
areas in the world are
by this method.
 Methods of field water application

2. Sprinkler Irrigation

Water is applied to
the ground by spray.
Water is applied like
rain. Applying water
under pressure. About
5% of the irrigated
areas are by this
method.
 Methods of field water application

3. Drip or Trickle Irrigation

Water is applied to
the ground at the
plants in small
amounts. Water is
applied at close to the
rate that the soil will
absorb it and the
plants will use it.
2. Sprinkler Irrigation
 2. Sprinkler Irrigation

Conditions Favoring the Adoption of Sprinkler

Irrigation Method

1-When the land topography is irregular, and

hence unsuitable for surface irrigation.

2-When the land gradient is steeper.

3-When the soil is highly impermeable.

4-When the water table is high.

 2. Sprinkler Irrigation
Conditions Favoring the Adoption of Sprinkler
Irrigation Method

5-When the seasonal water requirement is low,

such as near the coasts.

6-When the crops to be grown are having

shallow roots.

7-When the water is available with difficulty.

 2. Sprinkler Irrigation

Advantages of Sprinkler Irrigation

 2. Sprinkler Irrigation

Advantages of Sprinkler Irrigation

 2. Sprinkler Irrigation

Advantages of Sprinkler Irrigation

• It is less labor oriented and hence useful

where labor is costly and scarce.

• Up to 80% efficiency can be achieved ,i.e.

up to 80% of applied water can be stored in
the root zone of plants.
 2. Sprinkler Irrigation

Limitations of Sprinkler Irrigation

1. High winds may distort sprinkling pattern,

causing non-uniform spreading of water on
the crops.

2. In areas of high temperature and high wind

velocity, considerable evaporation losses of
water may take place.
 2. Sprinkler Irrigation

Limitations of Sprinkler Irrigation

3. They are not suited to crops requiring

frequent and larger depths of irrigation.

4. Initial cost of the system is very high, and

the system requires a high technical skill.

5-Only sand and silt free water can be used.

 2. Sprinkler Irrigation

Limitations of Sprinkler Irrigation

6-It requires larger electrical power.

7-Heavy soil with poor intake cannot be

irrigated efficiently.

8-Aconstant water supply is needed for

commercial use of equipment.